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30:
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The paintings and carvings of the Sahara are endangered, and vulnerable rock art on uncovered rock has already disappeared. Organizations, such as the Trust for
African Rock Art, are researching and recording as much information about Saharan rock art as possible, while raising awareness of threats
236:. The mountains are volcanic and are approximately 300 miles (480 km) long and 175 miles (282 km) wide. The rock art that exists in these mountains was created before dramatic climate change in the Saharan Desert caused the inhabitants to move towards the
591:(3000 BP - 2000 BP): This is the final period of rock art in the Sahara, with images of camels appearing. Cattle and goats are frequently included in Camel Period art as well. Advanced weaponry is depicted, including pictures of men with
264:: Abundant rock art is found in this location, near a mountain chain in Libya. Art is made from engraving techniques such as grinding, pecking, and scratching. Outlines of animals are found in blackened sandstone.
294:: Near the sand dune of Murzuk, bordering Tassili n'Ajjer, exists 12,000 year old prehistoric rock art. It appears to reflect much of the same culture as the Tassili n'Ajjer rock art.
928:
250:: Next to the Tibesti Mountain chain is another mountain chain named Ennedi. Much of the rock art in this area is from the Horse Period, and was made in the last 2,000 years.
312:
Above,Rock carving depicting a lying antelope or gazelle, located at Tin
Taghirt on the Tassili n’Ajjer. Below, same rock carving depicted on the reverse of a 1992 1000
354:. The art includes paintings and engravings into the rock that depicts the culture of Africans up to 12,000 years ago. They were executed by a hunting people in the
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150:
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581:(3200 BP - 1000 BP): Humans are shown with horses during this period. Paintings and few engravings have men on horses with weapons, as well as
2947:
2456:
503:
societies first made rock art. These images included animals that then lived in the area, including hippos, rhinos, elephants, giraffes,
461:
from the past. Many photographs are taken of the art so it can be studied further. Dating the art of the Sahara is made possible through
2779:
2230:
935:
523:. The artwork portrays not only hunting, but the relationship between humans and animals. Most of the artwork can be found in
551:(9500 BP - 7000 BP): Hunter-gatherers on the Tassili Plateau painted distinctive human figures with round, featureless heads.
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that have caused the desiccation of the desert over the past several thousand years. Humans are shown hunting with
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559:(7200 BP - 3000 BP): During this period, humans were depicted with domesticated cattle. Pictures show cultures
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575:. Herders eventually migrated to the west, east, and south as Saharan climates aridified.
240:. Large animal engravings and other rock art dates to between 12,000 and 4,000 years ago.
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567:. Women and children are in camps where they lived. This style is shown around the
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511:, and large antelopes. Many of those animals no longer exist in the Sahara due to
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342:, Algeria, and at other locations depict vivid scenes of everyday life in central
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study focusing on artwork carved or painted on the natural rocks of the central
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found at the sites can be dated, as can some residues on the rock art itself.
457:, and other researchers have been studying rock art to gain information about
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585:. The people are also dressed in clothing instead of no clothing at all.
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854:"Central Saharan rock art: Considering the kettles and cupules"
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may have developed into the Round Head rock art tradition of
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animals and hunting as well, portrayed through men holding
247:
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154:
Manda Guéli Cave in the Ennedi
Mountains, northeastern Chad
2149:
1915:
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520:
350:. There are over 15,000 individual pieces of artwork in
979:
894:
Round Heads: The
Earliest Rock Paintings in the Sahara
378:, animals that no longer exist in the now-desert area.
719:"The Rock Engravings of Messak Settafet & Mellet"
489:
Rock art from the
Bubalus time period in Tin Taghirt
169:. The rock art dates from numerous periods starting
176:years ago, and is significant because it shows the
3080:
694:"Rock Art of Chad - Trust for African Rock Art"
629:Association des Amis de l'Art Rupestre Saharien
535:(9800 BP): The Kel Essuf rock art tradition of
790:"Prehistoric African Paintings and Engravings"
1227:
929:
897:. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. p. 38.
346:between about 10,000 BP and 6,000 BP, in the
884:
829:
766:
29:
1241:
1234:
1220:
936:
922:
832:"Rock Art of the Tassili n'Ajjer, Algeria"
769:"Rock Art of the Tassili n'Ajjer, Algeria"
358:between 5,000 and 3,900 BP who lived in a
228:located in central Sahara, extending from
890:
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267:
149:
187:
3081:
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279:(Plateau of the Chasms) region of the
145:Significant Saharan rock art locations
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1215:
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823:
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819:
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192:Important regions and sites include:
113:
2406:
943:
744:"Tadrart Acacus (Akakus or Akakous)"
688:
686:
653:"Trust for African Rock Art (TARA)"
13:
806:
127:
99:
14:
3105:
2358:Megalithic architectural elements
891:Soukopova, Jitka (Jan 16, 2013).
782:
760:
683:
2045:
830:Coulson, David; Campbell, Alec.
767:Coulson, David; Campbell, Alec.
302:
126:
112:
98:
84:
70:
56:
42:
28:
21:
2977:Evolutionary origin of religion
999:Rock art of Iheren and Tahilahi
499:(12,000 BP - 6000 BP): Saharan
85:
43:
1004:Rock engravings of Oued Djerat
878:10.1016/j.jaridenv.2016.12.011
735:
710:
659:
645:
180:of ancient African societies.
71:
57:
1:
2590:Art of the Middle Paleolithic
2120:British megalith architecture
966:Rock art of the Djelfa region
667:"Tibesti | mountains, Africa"
639:
170:
2585:Art of the Upper Paleolithic
2125:Nordic megalith architecture
858:Journal of Arid Environments
16:Area of archaeological study
7:
607:
10:
3110:
2733:British Isles and Brittany
2654:Gwion Gwion rock paintings
794:Trust for African Rock Art
698:Trust for African Rock Art
438:rock art site in Northern
362:region teeming with giant
2935:
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2100:
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1249:
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1164:
1155:
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1085:
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1034:
1016:
951:
852:Soukopova, Jitka (2017).
161:is a significant area of
573:paintings and engravings
275:cave paintings found in
254:art was also shown here.
2965:Evolutionary musicology
2368:Oldest extant buildings
2295:Archaeological features
1814:Prepared-core technique
671:Encyclopædia Britannica
496:Large Wild Fauna Period
2927:Unchambered long cairn
2775:Mound Builders culture
2108:Neolithic architecture
1243:Prehistoric technology
961:Rock Art of South Oran
490:
283:
155:
2602:List of Stone Age art
1804:Microblade technology
1752:Langdale axe industry
1350:Ard / plough
624:List of Stone Age art
488:
481:Rock art time periods
271:
153:
3009:Prehistoric medicine
3004:Prehistoric counting
2987:Prehistoric religion
2982:Paleolithic religion
2960:Behavioral modernity
2317:Causewayed enclosure
2209:Abri de la Madeleine
1333:Neolithic Revolution
634:African humid period
583:horse-drawn chariots
188:Archaeological sites
142:class=notpageimage|
3048:Prehistoric warfare
1794:Magdalenian culture
1757:Levallois technique
1688:Earliest toolmaking
1105:Magharet el Kantara
994:la Vache qui pleure
870:2017JArEn.143...10S
446:Research techniques
184:to the art itself.
3094:10th millennium BC
2999:Origin of language
2992:Spiritual drug use
2902:Rectangular dolmen
2804:Dartmoor kistvaens
2617:Carved stone balls
2329:Circular enclosure
2288:Other architecture
2231:Alp pile dwellings
1819:Solutrean industry
1730:Gravettian culture
1380:Secondary products
1026:Rock art of Figuig
839:AfricanRockArt.org
776:AfricanRockArt.org
513:changes in climate
491:
471:radiocarbon dating
463:radiometric dating
418:Rock art of Figuig
284:
156:
3076:
3075:
3072:
3071:
3068:
3067:
3021:Prehistoric music
2970:music archaeology
2627:Cup and ring mark
2452:Clothing/textiles
2397:
2396:
2393:
2392:
2036:
2035:
2032:
2031:
1839:Yubetsu technique
1824:Striking platform
1789:Lithic technology
1674:
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1659:Game drive system
1578:Projectile points
1470:Mortar and pestle
1209:
1208:
1187:
1186:
1123:
1122:
1012:
1011:
548:Round Head Period
226:Tibesti Mountains
3101:
3089:Saharan rock art
3036:Divje Babe flute
2943:Archaeoastronomy
2686:Petrosomatoglyph
2420:
2419:
2403:
2402:
2252:Water management
2055:
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2042:
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1945:Denticulate tool
1767:Lithic reduction
1500:
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1321:
1320:
1308:
1307:
1236:
1229:
1222:
1213:
1212:
1162:
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1147:Gabal El Uweinat
1100:Cave of Swimmers
1083:
1082:
1044:Acacus Mountains
977:
976:
945:Saharan rock art
938:
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532:Kel Essuf Period
467:organic material
459:African cultures
306:
220:: Also known as
197:Cave of Swimmers
175:
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159:Saharan rock art
130:
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2917:Stone box grave
2887:Megalithic tomb
2792:Cotswold-Severn
2744:
2649:Guardian stones
2577:Prehistoric art
2571:
2414:
2389:
2378:Timber trackway
2283:
2247:
2243:Wattle and daub
2096:
2075:Standing stones
2049:
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1843:
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1399:Food processing
1394:
1343:New World crops
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1183:
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1119:
1110:Cave of Archers
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1049:Wadi Mathendous
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981:Tassili n'Ajjer
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619:Prehistoric art
610:
556:Pastoral Period
525:Tassili n'Ajjer
501:hunter-gatherer
483:
455:anthropologists
448:
352:Tassili n'Ajjer
348:Later Stone Age
336:Tassili n'Ajjer
324:Tassili n'Ajjer
320:
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318:
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277:Tassili n'Ajjer
258:Messak Settafet
252:Pastoral Period
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36:Tassili n'Ajjer
33:
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5:
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3026:Alligator drum
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2953:lunar calendar
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2936:Other cultural
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2740:Venus figurine
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2671:Megalithic art
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2424:Material goods
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2196:
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2186:
2181:
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2179:
2169:
2164:
2159:
2158:
2157:
2147:
2142:
2140:Cliff dwelling
2137:
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2117:
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2038:
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2027:
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2014:
2009:
2004:
1999:
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1987:
1982:
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1174:Agrour Amogjar
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1054:Mesak Settafet
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748:www.temehu.com
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723:www.temehu.com
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451:Archaeologists
447:
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356:Capsian period
314:Algerian dinar
311:
310:
301:
300:
299:
298:
297:
296:
295:
288:Tadrart Acacus
266:
265:
255:
241:
222:Tibesti Massif
211:
201:Cave of Beasts
189:
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163:archaeological
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2913:
2912:Simple dolmen
2910:
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2898:
2897:Passage grave
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2843:Gallery grave
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2758:Burial mounds
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2726:
2725:
2724:
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2718:Statue menhir
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2707:
2706:Stone carving
2704:
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2545:Sewing needle
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2322:Tor enclosure
2320:
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2311:
2310:fulacht fiadh
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1546:spear-thrower
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1524:Bow and arrow
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1365:Domestication
1363:
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1360:Digging stick
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1338:Founder crops
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1279:New Stone Age
1277:
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1199:
1198:
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1175:
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1167:
1166:Adrar Plateau
1163:
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1059:Uan Muhuggiag
1057:
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1042:
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1027:
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989:Tadrart Rouge
987:
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972:
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904:9781443845793
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492:
487:
478:
476:
472:
468:
464:
460:
456:
452:
441:
437:
434:
432:
428:
427:Aïr Mountains
425:
423:
419:
416:
414:
410:
407:
405:
401:
398:
396:
392:
389:
387:
383:
380:
377:
373:
369:
365:
361:
357:
353:
349:
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337:
333:
329:
325:
322:
321:
315:
305:
293:
289:
286:
285:
282:
278:
274:
270:
263:
259:
256:
253:
249:
245:
242:
239:
235:
231:
227:
223:
219:
215:
212:
210:
206:
202:
198:
195:
194:
193:
185:
181:
179:
174: 12,000
168:
167:Sahara desert
164:
160:
152:
143:
120:Adrar Plateau
24:
2853:wedge-shaped
2838:Funeral pyre
2831:Great dolmen
2787:Chamber tomb
2768:Round barrow
2723:Stone circle
2595:Blombos Cave
2523:Grooved ware
2447:Chalcolithic
2351:Thornborough
2269:Flush toilet
2204:Blombos Cave
2199:Rock shelter
2155:Quiggly hole
2047:Architecture
2022:illustration
1664:Buffalo jump
1485:Storage pits
1448:Aşıklı Höyük
1438:Ground stone
1274:Subdivisions
1142:Wadi Abu Dom
944:
893:
886:
861:
857:
847:
838:
797:. Retrieved
793:
784:
775:
762:
751:. Retrieved
747:
742:Temehu.com.
737:
726:. Retrieved
722:
717:Temehu.com.
712:
701:. Retrieved
697:
674:. Retrieved
670:
661:
647:
589:Camel Period
588:
579:Horse Period
578:
554:
546:
530:
494:
469:, including
449:
376:hippopotamus
344:North Africa
203:caves area,
191:
182:
158:
157:
2875:unchambered
2870:Long barrow
2860:Grave goods
2816:Court cairn
2811:Clava cairn
2763:Bowl barrow
2701:Rock cupule
2644:Golden hats
2637:Hill figure
2538:Unstan ware
2518:Cord-marked
2383:Sweet Track
2305:Burnt mound
2226:Stilt house
2214:Sibudu Cave
2007:Tally stick
1975:Quern-stone
1960:Hammerstone
1950:Fire plough
1921:Pesse canoe
1879:Bannerstone
1849:Other tools
1762:Lithic core
1710:Aurignacian
1598:Bare Island
1480:Quern-stone
340:Tamanrasset
338:, north of
330:: The cave
238:Nile Valley
3083:Categories
3014:trepanning
2907:Ring cairn
2865:Jar burial
2848:transepted
2780:U.S. sites
2681:Petroglyph
2607:Bird stone
2565:wine press
2238:Stone roof
2221:Roundhouse
2113:long house
2090:Stonehenge
2058:Ceremonial
2002:Stone tool
1829:Tool stone
1799:Metallurgy
1703:Mousterian
1680:Toolmaking
1618:Cumberland
1591:Transverse
1561:Schöningen
1453:Qesem cave
1421:Earth oven
1375:Irrigation
1286:Technology
1254:Prehistory
1157:Mauritania
1137:Sabu-Jaddi
1115:Wadi Hamra
1087:Gilf Kebir
1077:Abu Ballas
799:2016-11-02
753:2016-12-14
728:2016-12-14
703:2016-12-14
676:2016-12-12
640:References
527:, Algeria.
473:. Organic
436:Sabu-Jaddi
409:Draa River
382:South Oran
372:rhinoceros
205:Gilf Kebir
134:Gilf Kebir
106:Sabu-Jaddi
3058:symbolism
2922:Tor cairn
2880:Grønsalen
2821:Cremation
2713:Sculpture
2691:Pictogram
2676:Petroform
2496:amber use
2464:Cosmetics
2274:Reservoir
2259:Check dam
2189:Pueblitos
2184:Pit-house
2167:Longhouse
2101:Dwellings
1970:Microlith
1901:Bow drill
1896:Bone tool
1889:prismatic
1698:Acheulean
1613:Cresswell
1586:Arrowhead
1512:Boomerang
1428:Granaries
1390:Terracing
1269:Stone Age
537:engraving
475:artifacts
334:found at
332:paintings
316:banknote.
273:Neolithic
2696:Rock art
2659:painting
2632:Geoglyph
2457:timeline
2437:Beadwork
2177:Mehrgarh
2172:Mudbrick
2080:megalith
1955:Fire-saw
1777:debitage
1772:analysis
1740:Hand axe
1720:Cupstone
1298:Glossary
1259:Timeline
971:Marhouma
614:Rock art
608:See also
541:painting
368:elephant
3053:Symbols
2664:pigment
2550:Weaving
2513:Cardium
2508:Pottery
2503:Mirrors
2491:Jewelry
2432:Baskets
2412:culture
2264:Cistern
2070:Pyramid
2012:Weapons
1990:Scraper
1980:Racloir
1940:Cleaver
1928:Chopper
1834:Uniface
1745:Grooves
1735:Hafting
1693:Oldowan
1652:Systems
1603:Cascade
1566:woomera
1556:harpoon
1529:history
1495:Hunting
1475:Pottery
1416:Cooking
1325:Farming
1291:history
1264:Outline
1179:Amazmaz
1018:Morocco
953:Algeria
866:Bibcode
601:shields
561:herding
509:aurochs
505:bubalus
422:Morocco
413:Morocco
404:Algeria
400:Ahaggar
395:Algeria
386:Algeria
364:buffalo
360:savanna
328:Algeria
214:Tibesti
178:culture
92:Tadrart
50:Tibesti
3031:flutes
2826:Dolmen
2750:Burial
2560:winery
2533:Linear
2363:Midden
2341:Cursus
2334:Goseck
2194:Pueblo
2145:Dugout
2130:Burdei
1809:Mining
1633:Lamoka
1628:Folsom
1608:Clovis
1465:Metate
1443:Hearth
1411:Basket
1385:Sickle
901:
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599:, and
597:swords
593:spears
569:Sahara
517:spears
391:Djelfa
374:, and
281:Sahara
244:Ennedi
207:area,
78:Messak
64:Ennedi
2948:sites
2892:Mummy
2612:Cairn
2528:Jōmon
2479:shoes
2474:Hides
2346:Henge
2300:Broch
2162:Jacal
2017:Wheel
1965:Knife
1911:Canoe
1906:Burin
1884:Blade
1782:flake
1643:Plano
1551:baton
1541:Spear
1507:Arrow
1460:Manos
1313:Tools
1129:Sudan
1069:Egypt
1036:Libya
835:(PDF)
772:(PDF)
571:with
440:Sudan
431:Niger
292:Libya
262:Libya
234:Libya
230:Niger
209:Egypt
3041:gudi
2799:Cist
2728:list
2555:Wine
2484:Ötzi
2469:Glue
2442:Beds
2410:and
2408:Arts
2279:Well
2135:Cave
2065:Kiva
1995:side
1985:Rope
1933:tool
1867:bone
1857:Adze
1623:Eden
1536:Nets
1406:Fire
1370:Goad
1355:Celt
1193:Chad
899:ISBN
565:bows
521:axes
519:and
248:Chad
232:and
218:Chad
199:and
2150:Hut
2085:row
1916:Oar
1874:Axe
1862:Awl
874:doi
862:143
465:of
224:or
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