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372:, a former prisoner at the Salaspils concentration camp, a separate monument to commemorate foreign Jews who died there was erected. The monument bears the Star of David and an inscription in Hebrew, Latvian and German: “To honour the dead and as a warning to the living. In memory of the Jews deported from Germany, Austria and Czechia, who from December 1941 to June 1942 died from hunger, cold and inhumanity and have found eternal rest in the Salaspils forest”.
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The Nazis had planned to deport the last remaining Jews from
Germany by the end of the summer of 1942. To support this, the plans for the Salaspils camp were revised in an effort to allow the camp to accommodate 15,000 Jews deported from Germany. The camp by then played three roles, general police
697:
Strods, Heinrihs. The
Concentration Camp at Salaspils October 1941-September 1944: Summary in English. (Strods, Heinrihs. Salaspils koncentrācijas nometne 1941. gada oktobris-1944. gada septembris). Latvijas okupācijas muzeja gadagrāmata 2000 Riga, Latvijas 50 gadu okupācijas muzeja fonds. 2001.
260:
The camp site was prepared in
October 1941 by Soviet prisoners of war from the Salaspils branch camp Stalag 350/Z of the Riga of base camp 350 and by deported Czech Jews as well as a few German Jews from KZ Jungfernhof. In the middle of January 1942 at least 1,000 Jews from the Riga Ghetto were
268:
In the autumn of 1942 the camp comprised 15 barracks of the 45 that were planned, housing 1,800 prisoners. Although a police prison and work education camp, Salaspils became comparable to a German concentration camp in the way the work was organized, the types of prisoners, as well as their
781:Людмила Тимощенко. «Дети и война» (dt.: "Children and War"), Daugavpils, publishing house SIA "SAB", 1999: 494 pages. 3000 copies. (Documentary narrative about 1300 children and teenagers, who were Salaspils - prisoners of Salaspils camp.)
194:
began planning a detention camp to be built at
Salaspils to confine people arrested in Latvia by the police and also to house Jewish people deported from Germany and other countries to Latvia. Lange, who originally was the coordinator of
339:
775:"Латвия под игом нацизма" (dt.: "Latvia under the yoke of the Nazism", English: "Latvia Under the Nazi Yoke"), Moscow, publishing house Europe, 2006, 344 S.: Collection of historical documents.
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The first rail transport of German Jews arrived unexpectedly in Latvia in
October 1941 before the Salaspils camp was complete. The train had been rerouted from its original destination of
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or RSHA), but nothing came of this. The camp has had a lasting legacy in
Latvian and Russian culture due to the severity of the treatment at the camp, especially with regard to children.
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briefly considered converting the camp into an official concentration camp (Konzentrationslager), which would have formally subordinated the camp to the
National Security Main Office (
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forced to work building the camp. Insufficient accommodation and sanitary conditions, lack of nutrition and severe cold weather caused an extraordinarily high number of deaths.
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225:, to separate Jewish men from Jewish women to prevent them from having children. In February 1942 Lange, probably because of his deeds in Latvia, became a participant in the
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and
Salaspils concentration camps. Some accused were condemned to life imprisonment. Gerhard Kurt Maywald is one such Nazi, convicted of crimes committed in the camp.
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and other diseases killed about half of the children at the camp. In one of the burial places by the camp, 632 corpses of children of ages 5 to 9 were revealed.
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Starting in 1949 legal proceedings were brought against some of the persons responsible for the Nazi crimes in Latvia, including the Riga Ghetto, and the
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About 12,000 prisoners went through the camp during its existence. About 2,000 people died due to illness, heavy labour, executions, epidemics, etc.
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By the end of 1942 the
Salaspils camp held mainly political prisoners (who had originally been incarcerated at the Riga central prison without
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prison, later the security police prisoner camp, and then a forced labor camp. However the last expansion plan was not carried out.
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was established in
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213:). The place selected, near the city of Salaspils, was readily accessible from the main railway connecting Riga and
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598:„Salaspils nometne nacionālsociālistiskās Vācijas administrācijas plānos un soda nometņu tipoloģijā (1941 - 1942)”
505:„Salaspils nometne nacionālsociālistiskās Vācijas administrācijas plānos un soda nometņu tipoloģijā (1941 - 1942)”
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Planning for the development of the camp and its prisoner structure changed several times. In 1943,
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where the final plans for the murder of the Jews of Europe were established by the Nazi hierarchy.
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under "protective custody orders") and interned foreigners such as Latvian returnees from
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Die nationalsozialistischen Haftstätten und Todeslager im okkupierten Lettland 1941-1945
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736:"Salaspils Municipality, Salaspils Memorial : Holocaust Memorial Places in Latvia"
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The National Socialist Detention Places and Death Camps in Occupied Latvia 1941-1945
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was established at the end of 1941 at a point 18 km (11 mi) southeast of
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Dr. Rudolf Lange als Kommandant der Sicherheitspolizei und des SD in Lettland
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Prisoner roll call at KZ Salaspils, December 22, 1941 (Nazi propaganda photo)
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Catalog of Pins and Medals Commemorating the Salaspils Concentration Camp
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Kurtenhof, Salaspils Police Prison and Re-Education Through Labor Camp
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to Riga. The Jewish people on the train were housed temporarily in
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760:"Final solution" in Riga. Exploitation and destruction 1941-1944
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Salaspils Police Prison and Re-Education Through Labor Camp
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756:"Endlösung" in Riga. Ausbeutung und Vernichtung 1941–1944
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During the time of the Soviet Union, the Russian group "
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387:) dedicated a song "Salaspils" to the children's camp.
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548:) pp. 201, 246, 254-255, 256-57, 269, Darmstadt 2006,
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Imprisonment without trial, forced labor, starvation
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Nazi propaganda photograph of Salaspils camp in 1941
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Orte des Grauens -- Verbrechen im Zweiten Weltkrieg
221:and also, as part of what soon became known as the
716:"New book attempts real history of Holocaust camp"
609:Latvijas Vēsturnieku komisijas raksti, 21. sējums
600:— Latvijas vēstures institūta apgāds, Rīga 2007.
578:Places of Horror -- Crime in the Second World War
516:Latvijas Vēsturnieku komisijas raksti, 21. sējums
507:— Latvijas vēstures institūta apgāds, Rīga 2007.
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672:Die nationalsozialistischen Konzentrationslager,
2527:Civilians targeted during anti-partisan warfare
596:Kārlis Kangeris, Uldis Neiburgs, Rudīte Vīksne
558:
503:Kārlis Kangeris, Uldis Neiburgs, Rudīte Vīksne
207:) in Latvia and also of the Security Service (
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2887:Nazis and Nazi Collaborators (Punishment) Law
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531:
2586:List of major perpetrators of the Holocaust
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152:Polizeigefängnis und Arbeitserziehungslager
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676:The National Socialist concentration camps
528:
38:
27:Nazi forced labour and concentration camp
637:Perpetrators in the War of Extermination
631:, page 129, referenced in Kaiser, Wolf,
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236:
1279:Extraordinary (Soviet) State Commission
708:
413:List of Nazi-German concentration camps
340:Memorial of the Salaspils Police Prison
323:Memorial of the Salaspils police prison
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158:after the German name for the city of
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233:Camp construction and changes of plan
2174:Reich Association of Jews in Germany
1349:Occupation of Latvia by Nazi Germany
1262:War crimes investigations and trials
621:
269:treatment, as they recounted later.
2979:Armenian genocide and the Holocaust
670:Herbert, Ulrich and others (Hrsg):
564:Angrick, Andrej, and Klein, Peter,
540:Angrick, Andrej, and Klein, Peter,
368:, in 2004, thanks to a donation by
24:
3254:Nazi concentration camps in Latvia
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754:Angrick, Andrej and Klein, Peter,
25:
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1307:Roberts Seduls and Johanna Sedule
1108:Nazi occupation and organizations
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3138:Latvian people of Jewish descent
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2542:Polish leaders and intellectuals
2032:Concentration Camps Inspectorate
791:
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465:
453:
408:List of books about Nazi Germany
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678:, volume 1), Frankfurt/M 2002,
3109:Burning of the Riga synagogues
3094:Jungfernhof concentration camp
2470:Attack on the twentieth convoy
2283:1941 pogroms in eastern Poland
1201:Jungfernhof concentration camp
912:Burning of the Riga synagogues
728:
649:
590:
497:
251:Jungfernhof concentration camp
13:
1:
3176:Great Choral Synagogue (Riga)
3099:Kaiserwald concentration camp
3084:History of the Jews in Latvia
1206:Kaiserwald concentration camp
490:
2807:Jewish war conspiracy theory
1998:Extermination through labour
1216:Salaspils concentration camp
666:), p. 478-479, published in
197:Special Assignment Group A (
18:Salaspils concentration camp
7:
2989:Righteous Among the Nations
2204:
1675:Righteous Among the Nations
1289:Righteous Among the Nations
861:Related articles by country
390:
10:
3290:
3269:Reich Security Main Office
3063:Jews and Judaism in Latvia
2726:Ukrainian Auxiliary Police
2696:Lithuanian Security Police
2615:Reich Security Main Office
1582:Evidence and documentation
1120:Reichskommissariat Ostland
633:Täter in Vernichtungskrieg
568:, at p.197, referenced in
546:The Final Solution in Riga
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154:). It was also known as
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37:
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2532:People with disabilities
2465:Aid and Rescue Committee
1175:Latvian Auxiliary Police
542:Die "Endlösung" in Riga.
418:Nazi concentration camps
108:Latvian Auxiliary Police
3230:56.874389°N 24.301361°E
3143:Latvia–Israel relations
2673:Order Police battalions
1094:Franz Walter Stahlecker
1004:Otto-Heinrich Drechsler
953:Jewish people of Latvia
840:The Holocaust in Latvia
403:The Holocaust in Latvia
3274:Generalbezirk Lettland
2522:Soviet urban residents
1613:International response
1587:Contemporary knowledge
658:Vestermanis, Marģers
335:
334:at the memorial (1975)
242:
2969:Memorials and museums
2907:Reparations Agreement
2902:Holocaust restitution
2480:Le Chambon-sur-Lignon
2003:Human experimentation
1842:Auschwitz II-Birkenau
332:Monumental sculptures
330:
288:Children in Salaspils
240:
3235:56.874389; 24.301361
3193:List of Latvian Jews
2169:Jewish Ghetto Police
2038:Politische Abteilung
1933:Risiera di San Sabba
1794:Natzweiler-Struthof
1269:Einsatzgruppen trial
1059:Hans-Adolf Prützmann
800:at Wikimedia Commons
798:Labor camp Salaspils
740:memorialplaces.lu.lv
3226: /
2947:Days of remembrance
2860:Holocaust survivors
2855:Depopulated shtetls
2706:Rollkommando Hamann
2552:Jehovah's Witnesses
2370:Kamianets-Podilskyi
1432:Bohemia and Moravia
1323:Bikernieki Memorial
1125:Rollkommando Hamann
1089:Rudolf Joachim Seck
1054:Friedrich Panzinger
1034:Ernst Kaltenbrunner
762:). Darmstadt 2006,
580:), Darmstadt 2003,
570:Ueberschär, Gerd R.
3200:List of synagogues
2930:History and memory
2834:Forced euthanasia
2782:Nazi racial policy
2485:Danish underground
2332:Operation Reinhard
2327:Wannsee Conference
618:(216. - 248. lpp.)
614:2011-09-22 at the
525:(216. - 248. lpp.)
521:2011-09-22 at the
359:Oļģerts Ostenbergs
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303:Numbers of victims
282:Schutzmannschaften
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227:Wannsee Conference
205:Sicherheitspolizei
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2865:Sh'erit ha-Pletah
2812:Jewish emigration
2802:Hitler's prophecy
2797:Haavara Agreement
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1196:Daugavpils Ghetto
1189:Ghettos and camps
1074:Martin Sandberger
1019:Friedrich Jeckeln
796:Media related to
348:Ivars Strautmanis
210:Sicherheitsdienst
183:In October 1941,
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2701:Nederlandsche SS
2668:Police Regiments
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2365:Harvest Festival
2337:Holocaust trains
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1069:Alfred Rosenberg
1064:Eduard Roschmann
963:Joseph Carlebach
917:Dünamünde Action
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199:Einsatzgruppe A
189:Sturmbannführer
181:
94:Otto Teckemeier
50:
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28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3287:
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3259:1941 in Latvia
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2775:Early elements
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2756:Early elements
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2179:Ústredňa Židov
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1099:Eduard Strauch
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999:Fritz Dietrich
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786:External links
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627:Klein, Peter,
620:
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156:camp Kurtenhof
132:Salaspils camp
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3120:
3110:
3107:
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3090:
3089:The Holocaust
3087:
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2787:Nazi eugenics
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2716:Topf and Sons
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2683:Collaborators
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2622:
2621:Referat IV B4
2619:
2618:
2617: (RSHA)
2616:
2613:
2611:
2609:
2608:Schutzstaffel
2605:
2603:
2600:
2599:
2597:
2595:Organizations
2593:
2587:
2584:
2583:
2580:
2576:
2571:
2567:
2553:
2550:
2548:
2545:
2543:
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2538:
2537:Romani people
2535:
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2528:
2525:
2523:
2520:
2518:
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2490:Working Group
2488:
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2475:Kastner train
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2045:Sanitätswesen
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2019:
2015:
2009:
2008:Death marches
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1834:Extermination
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1809:Sachsenhausen
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1725:Bergen-Belsen
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1712:Concentration
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1391:The Holocaust
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1339:The Holocaust
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1225:Documentation
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1148:Viktors Arājs
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1049:Hinrich Lohse
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989:Alois Brunner
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856:The Holocaust
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768:3-534-19149-8
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3218:56°52′27.8″N
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3133:Latvian Jews
3103:
3066:
3060:
2999:Yizkor books
2660:
2607:
2352:
2300:in Lithuania
2260:
2158:
2043:
2036:
2025:
1959:
1937:
1918:
1899:
1882:
1665:by Catholics
1534:Soviet Union
1402:By territory
1237:Jäger Report
1079:Albert Sauer
1044:Rudolf Lange
982:Perpetrators
968:Simon Dubnow
851:Main article
779:(in Russian)
773:(in Russian)
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719:. Retrieved
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86:Perpetrators
3233: /
3221:24°18′4.9″E
3005:Never again
2836:(Action T4)
2762:Remembrance
2547:Homosexuals
2517:Soviet POWs
2445:Częstochowa
1993:Gas chamber
1804:Ravensbrück
1745:Gross-Rosen
1740:Flossenbürg
1623:Philippines
1555:Yugoslavia
1514:Netherlands
1442:Sudetenland
1297:Jānis Lipke
1246:Concealment
1211:Riga Ghetto
1158:Kārlis Lobe
1143:Individuals
994:Rudolf Batz
973:Else Hirsch
927:Pogulianski
752:(in German)
668:(in German)
656:(in German)
538:(in German)
362: [
351: [
317:Jungfernhof
274:due process
255:Riga Ghetto
3248:Categories
3154:Synagogues
2994:Yad Vashem
2974:Uniqueness
2829:Nisko Plan
2602:Nazi Party
2410:Resistance
2380:Ninth Fort
2245:Vel' d'Hiv
2017:Nazi units
1955:Westerbork
1945:Amersfoort
1799:Neuengamme
1780:Mauthausen
1760:Kaiserwald
1730:Buchenwald
1509:Luxembourg
1274:Riga Trial
1024:Heinz Jost
1014:Karl Jäger
721:2016-10-01
635:(English:
606:9984992462
513:9984992462
491:References
433:Nazi songs
428:Nazi Party
338:In 1967 a
215:Daugavpils
2952:Education
2847:Aftermath
2759:Aftermath
2721:Trawnikis
2645:Wehrmacht
2640:Waffen-SS
2440:Białystok
2268:Bucharest
2240:Marseille
2117:Elsewhere
2078:Białystok
1890:Breendonk
1867:Treblinka
1720:Auschwitz
1504:Lithuania
1344:The Mover
1316:Memorials
876:Lithuania
370:Larry Pik
160:Salaspils
144:Salaspils
122:Memorials
64:Salaspils
2937:Academia
2390:Piaśnica
2360:Babi Yar
2288:Jedwabne
2227:Roundups
2160:Judenrat
2124:Budapest
1895:Mechelen
1857:Majdanek
1814:Stutthof
1775:Majdanek
1670:by Poles
1628:Portugal
1606:Response
1597:Timeline
1575:Overview
1437:Slovakia
1424:Bulgaria
674:Band 1 (
612:Archived
519:Archived
472:Genocide
391:See also
60:Location
3077:History
2964:Lessons
2400:Rumbula
2273:Dorohoi
2254:Pogroms
2206:Victims
2056:Ghettos
1988:Gas van
1976:Methods
1950:Schoorl
1928:Bolzano
1876:Transit
1862:Sobibor
1852:Chełmno
1819:Vaivara
1755:Hinzert
1700:ghettos
1653:Vatican
1559:Croatia
1549:Ukraine
1539:Belarus
1529:Romania
1481:Hungary
1464:Germany
1454:Estonia
1449:Denmark
1419:Belgium
1414:Austria
1409:Albania
958:Gypsies
946:Victims
932:Rumbula
922:Jelgava
896:Ukraine
871:Estonia
866:Belarus
484:Germany
446:Portals
381:Russian
297:measles
125:At site
114:Victims
104:Nazi SS
66:, near
3170:Former
3124:Groups
2870:Bricha
2636:(Orpo)
2509:Others
2495:Żegota
2457:Rescue
2435:Warsaw
2395:Ponary
2305:Kaunas
2108:Warsaw
2093:Lublin
2083:Kraków
2070:Poland
1914:Drancy
1847:Belzec
1824:Warsaw
1735:Dachau
1643:Turkey
1638:Sweden
1564:Serbia
1544:Russia
1524:Poland
1519:Norway
1499:Latvia
1469:Greece
1459:France
905:Crimes
891:Russia
886:Poland
881:Norway
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460:Latvia
423:Gulags
278:Russia
142:), in
140:Latvia
72:Latvia
2984:Humor
2957:Films
2654:Units
2385:Odesa
2235:Izieu
2149:Vilna
2134:Minsk
2129:Kovno
2103:Radom
1967:Sereď
1784:Gusen
1765:Kauen
1696:Camps
1633:Spain
1618:Japan
1492:Libya
1486:Italy
366:]
355:]
247:Minsk
2875:List
2630:(SD)
2610:(SS)
2293:Lviv
2278:Iași
2218:Jews
2139:Riga
2098:Lwów
2088:Łódź
2060:list
1909:Gurs
1782:and
1698:and
764:ISBN
700:ISBN
680:ISBN
641:ISBN
602:ISBN
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550:ISBN
509:ISBN
219:peat
136:Riga
117:2000
68:Riga
2024:SS-
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