257:
impair the oral and airway mucosal surface as a physical barrier, which consequently enhances the adhesion and colonization of viruses. Second, this reduction may also impair the secretion of antimicrobial proteins and peptides. In saliva, there are many antiviral proteins and peptides, some of which can inhibit replication of viruses, especially coronavirus; these salivary proteins may also protect against the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Therefore, hyposalivation may be a risk factor for acute respiratory infection, including (COVID-19). However, further investigations are crucial to prove this hypothesis.
479:
467:
65:
29:
334:
183:
534:- although several possibly coexisting factors have been suggested to be involved in the formation of salivary stones, including altered acidity of saliva, reduced salivary flow rate, abnormal calcium metabolism and abnormalities in the sphincter mechanism of the duct opening, the exact cause in many cases is unknown.
256:
due to the loss of the protective properties of saliva. In addition, The results of a study have suggested that hyposalivation could lead to acute respiratory infection. There are two potential reasons for increasing the incidence rate of this infection. First, reduced saliva secretion may
358:
is a mucocele under the tongue. Ranulas may be larger than mucoceles at other sites; they are usually associated with the sublingual gland, and less often they arise from the submandibular gland or a minor salivary gland. Rarely, a ranula may descend into the neck rather than the mouth (plunging
215:- an uncommon condition which some consider to be an anatomic variant rather than a true disease. It is thought to be created by an ectopic portion of salivary gland tissue which causes the bone of the mandible to remodel around the tissue, creating an apparent
369:
caused by the heat from smoking or from drinking hot liquids. This irritation also causes inflammation of the duct openings of the minor salivary glands of the palate, and they become dilated. This manifests as red patches or spots on a white
140:. The sublingual gland is below the tongue, on the floor of the mouth; it drains its mostly mucous saliva into the mouth via about 8â20 ducts, which open along the plica sublingualis, a fold of tissue under the tongue.
540:(sialosis) is an uncommon, non-inflammatory, non-neoplastic, recurrent swelling of the salivary glands. The cause is hypothesized to be abnormalities of neurosecretory control. It may be associated with
750:
Iwabuchi, Hiroshi; Fujibayashi, Takashi; Yamane, Gen-yuki; Imai, Hirohisa; Nakao, Hiroyuki (2012). "Relationship between
Hyposalivation and Acute Respiratory Infection in Dental Outpatients".
174:
is inflammation of a salivary gland, usually caused by infections, although there are other, less common causes of inflammation, such as irradiation, allergic reactions, and trauma.
143:
The function of the salivary glands is to secrete saliva, which has a lubricating function, which protects the mucosa of the mouth during eating and speaking. Saliva also contains
2460:
352:
into the surrounding tissues. Usually, they are caused by trauma. Classically, a mucocele is bluish and fluctuant, and most commonly occurs on the lower lip.
2534:
2519:
2223:
2211:
2716:
219:
like radiolucent area on radiographs. Classically, this lesion is discovered as a chance finding, since it causes no symptoms. It appears below the
478:
125:
1763:
1577:
2721:
2783:
359:
ranula). If small, the ranula may be left alone; if it is larger and causing symptoms, excision of the sublingual gland may be indicated.
166:
Some disorders affecting the salivary glands are listed below. Some are more common than others, and they are considered according to a
466:
311:
is the most common viral sialadenitis. It usually occurs in children and involves pain in front of the ear, swelling of the parotid,
224:
1375:
3348:
2546:
2497:
1225:
1171:
1144:
1112:
2359:
318:
Bacterial sialadenitis is usually caused by ascending organisms from the mouth. Risk factors include reduced salivary flow.
3031:
2874:
2148:
1632:
972:
731:
706:
3373:
3275:
1908:
630:
3250:
3187:
3182:
3064:
2492:
2472:
1384:
3096:
2733:
2187:
428:
3081:
2916:
425:âThis is inflammation of the minor salivary glands, usually in the lower lip, eversion and swelling of the lip.
275:
is a lesion that usually arises from a minor salivary gland on the palate. It is thought to be due to vascular
58:
2921:
999:"Recommendations for the nomenclature of IgG4-related disease and its individual organ system manifestations"
207:
2784:
2445:
2054:
1758:
1743:
1681:
1627:
1550:
1368:
987:
Illustrated Dental
Embryology, Histology, and Anatomy, Bath-Balogh and Fehrenbach, Elsevier, 2011, page 137
2973:
2936:
2666:
1947:
1859:
1049:
1003:
272:
2983:
2931:
2738:
2671:
2440:
1940:
1935:
1886:
1241:
Pape, SA; MacLeod, RI; McLean, NR; Soames, JV (September 1995). "Sialadenosis of the salivary glands".
321:
2988:
2706:
2610:
2081:
1545:
661:
385:
136:
saliva via the submandibular duct (Wharton duct) into the mouth, usually opening in a punctum in the
64:
3295:
3074:
3059:
2755:
2711:
2656:
2529:
2487:
2255:
2101:
1336:
522:. Affected individuals may "milk" the salivary gland to encourage flow of saliva through the duct.
3128:
380:
3192:
2993:
2958:
2651:
2455:
2235:
2076:
2022:
1952:
1874:
1854:
1841:
1818:
1361:
1215:
457:
416:
220:
3338:
3305:
2978:
2968:
2963:
2832:
2788:
2684:
2679:
2465:
2295:
2290:
2265:
2111:
2042:
1869:
1778:
1696:
1423:
202:
197:
121:
44:
with subsequent infection. Arrow marks pus coming out of the opening of the submandibular gland
1686:
1161:
1134:
1102:
996:
3147:
3049:
2661:
2539:
2401:
2360:
2160:
1962:
1896:
1823:
698:
692:
3245:
3146:
2884:
2869:
2435:
2368:
1974:
1706:
432:
422:
362:
8:
3300:
3036:
3016:
3006:
2879:
2812:
2694:
2689:
2615:
2514:
2167:
2091:
1930:
1879:
1828:
1808:
1721:
1711:
1637:
1612:
1470:
1074:
190:
90:
37:
806:"Hyposalivation as a potential risk for SARSâCoVâ2 infection: Inhibitory role of saliva"
244:
affects the flow, amount, or quality of saliva produced. A reduced salivation is termed
3343:
3290:
3265:
3197:
3001:
2926:
2817:
2765:
2726:
2423:
2339:
2270:
1979:
1803:
1783:
1736:
1622:
1567:
1530:
1520:
1505:
1435:
1025:
998:
935:
908:
840:
805:
783:
591:
566:
445:
1254:
3041:
2630:
2595:
2569:
2428:
2324:
2182:
2106:
1813:
1753:
1716:
1691:
1540:
1418:
1413:
1299:
1258:
1221:
1196:
1167:
1140:
1108:
1030:
968:
940:
889:
845:
827:
775:
767:
727:
702:
626:
596:
49:
1294:
1277:
884:
787:
159:. Salivary-gland dysfunction occurs when salivary rates are reduced; this can cause
3011:
2646:
2636:
2600:
2509:
2260:
2199:
2133:
2123:
2071:
1969:
1864:
1701:
1353:
1289:
1250:
1020:
1012:
930:
920:
879:
835:
817:
759:
586:
578:
293:
144:
94:
54:
3167:
2953:
2748:
2641:
2477:
2396:
2376:
2300:
2285:
2155:
2059:
2027:
1998:
1920:
1846:
1642:
1525:
1515:
1460:
1445:
1341:
997:
John H. Stone; Arezou
Khosroshahi; Vikram Deshpande; et al. (October 2012).
260:
156:
3333:
3285:
3255:
3123:
3054:
3021:
2743:
2482:
2216:
2096:
1891:
1676:
1489:
531:
503:
366:
348:
are common, and are caused by rupture of a salivary gland duct and spillage of
245:
167:
137:
129:
82:
41:
28:
3367:
3235:
3113:
2941:
2760:
2524:
2504:
2413:
2280:
2240:
2037:
1798:
1773:
1748:
1726:
1510:
1500:
1465:
907:
Miranda-Rius J, Brunet-Llobet L, Lahor-Soler E, Farré M (22 September 2015).
864:
831:
771:
582:
408:
345:
337:
253:
212:
152:
86:
3086:
2862:
2857:
2842:
2822:
2792:
2625:
2334:
2275:
2206:
2128:
2118:
2086:
2049:
2010:
2002:
1617:
1572:
1557:
1455:
1450:
1200:
1034:
944:
893:
849:
779:
600:
537:
507:
171:
117:
110:
3222:
1328:
1303:
1262:
333:
3280:
3270:
3260:
3177:
3172:
3103:
2177:
2138:
1957:
1833:
1793:
1661:
1582:
1562:
906:
519:
400:
280:
102:
98:
182:
3240:
3026:
2852:
2620:
2450:
2391:
2329:
2319:
2312:
2307:
2245:
2228:
2172:
2143:
2064:
1925:
1903:
1788:
1768:
925:
909:"Salivary Secretory Disorders, Inducing Drugs, and Clinical Management"
541:
276:
249:
160:
1016:
822:
763:
120:(Stenson ducts), into the mouth, usually opening roughly opposite the
3108:
3091:
2827:
2605:
2408:
2032:
1915:
1535:
1430:
1408:
515:
511:
404:
297:
3118:
3069:
2837:
2590:
2571:
2551:
2372:
2250:
2194:
1440:
1240:
506:. Such diverticuli typically cause pooling of saliva and recurrent
625:(5th ed.). St. Louis, Mo.: Mosby Elsevier. pp. 397â419.
502:) is a small pouch or out-pocketing of the duct system of a major
3204:
3162:
2847:
2807:
2701:
2575:
2364:
1731:
900:
856:
148:
81:) are multiple and varied in cause. There are three paired major
567:"Viruses and salivary gland disease (SGD): lessons from HIV SGD"
2946:
2418:
2006:
1601:
967:(2nd ed.). Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders. pp. 389â430.
355:
301:
248:. Hyposalivation often results in a dry mouth condition called
133:
113:
322:
Human immunodeficiency virus-associated salivary gland disease
97:. There are also about 800â1,000 minor salivary glands in the
749:
349:
312:
308:
564:
412:
216:
1397:
1220:. Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers. p. 141.
106:
1186:
279:
of the salivary gland lobules. It is often mistaken for
1159:
962:
865:"Management of oral secretions in neurological disease"
726:. Edinburgh : Churchill Livingstone. pp. 236â237.
1041:
1213:
721:
697:(3rd ed.). Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press. pp.
690:
263:
is the overproduction of saliva and has many causes.
1383:
1318:
1275:
2797:Jaw joints, chewing muscles and bite abnormalities
963:Neville BW, Damm DD, Allen CA, Bouquot JE (2002).
878:(2). Association of British Neurologists: 96â103.
862:
804:Farshidfar, Nima; Hamedani, Shahram (2020-04-29).
803:
1660:
3365:
1997:
292:Infections involving the salivary glands can be
3152:Teeth, jaws, tongue and associated soft tissues
958:
956:
954:
863:McGeachan AJ, Mcdermott CJ (10 February 2017).
620:
565:Jeffers, L; Webster-Cyriaque, JY (April 2011).
193:of the salivary glands are rare. They include:
1764:Hereditary benign intraepithelial dyskeratosis
1207:
1100:
560:
558:
2722:Neuralgia-inducing cavitational osteonecrosis
1369:
1153:
1050:"Salivary glands: Inflammation: Sialadenitis"
722:Wray D, Stenhouse D, Lee D, Clark AJ (2003).
686:
684:
682:
1128:
1126:
1124:
990:
951:
1187:Afanas'ev, VV; Abdusalamov, MR (2004). "".
1068:
1066:
623:Contemporary oral and maxillofacial surgery
616:
614:
612:
610:
555:
518:to form. The condition can be diagnosed by
484:Relative incidence of submandibular tumors.
1376:
1362:
1282:Journal of the American Dental Association
1276:Mandel, L; Hamele-Bena, D (October 1997).
1160:Chaudhary M; Chaudhary SD (1 April 2012).
679:
411:(inflammation of both the parotid and the
132:, and it drains its mixture of serous and
63:
27:
1293:
1121:
1024:
934:
924:
913:International Journal of Medical Sciences
883:
839:
821:
590:
105:. The parotid glands are in front of the
1094:
1063:
715:
607:
332:
181:
3349:Oral manifestations of systemic disease
2498:Acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis
1214:Ligtenberg A; Veerman E (31 May 2014).
1132:
1072:
3366:
2535:As a manifestation of systemic disease
1163:Essentials of Pediatric Oral Pathology
3322:
3221:
3145:
2903:
2782:
2568:
2358:
1996:
1659:
1599:
1487:
1395:
1357:
472:Relative incidence of parotid tumors.
431:is a salivary gland manifestation of
2381:Gums and tooth-supporting structures
1139:(12th ed.). coco. p. 233.
799:
797:
745:
743:
724:Textbook of general and oral surgery
666:The Lecturio Medical Concept Library
621:Hupp JR, Ellis E, Tucker MR (2008).
3032:Papillary cystadenoma lymphomatosum
2904:
2875:Temporomandibular joint dysfunction
1047:
365:is whitening of the hard palate by
283:, but the lesion is not neoplastic.
170:; but this list is not exhaustive.
13:
2149:Maxillary lateral incisor agenesis
1633:Inflammatory papillary hyperplasia
1243:British Journal of Plastic Surgery
965:Oral & maxillofacial pathology
691:Soames JV, Southam JC, JV (1999).
514:. A diverticulum may also cause a
109:, one on side, and secrete mostly
14:
3385:
1314:
794:
740:
662:"Diseases of the Salivary Glands"
645:
3251:Cutaneous sinus of dental origin
3188:Obesity hypoventilation syndrome
3183:Central hypoventilation syndrome
3065:Carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma
2493:Necrotizing periodontal diseases
2473:Hereditary gingival fibromatosis
1385:Oral and maxillofacial pathology
1278:"Alcoholic parotid sialadenosis"
1101:Ghom AG; Ghom SA (1 July 2014).
477:
465:
3097:Chronic sclerosing sialadenitis
2734:Osteoporotic bone marrow defect
2188:Keratocystic odontogenic tumour
1295:10.14219/jada.archive.1997.0060
1269:
1234:
1217:Saliva: Secretion and Functions
1180:
1166:. JP Medical Ltd. p. 304.
1107:. JP Medical Ltd. p. 606.
981:
885:10.1136/practneurol-2016-001515
489:
439:
429:Chronic sclerosing sialadenitis
391:
3082:Sclerosing polycystic adenosis
2917:Benign lymphoepithelial lesion
654:
650:. Mosby Elsevier. p. 235.
639:
415:of the eyes), which occurs in
236:
59:oral and maxillofacial surgery
1:
3276:MelkerssonâRosenthal syndrome
3225:Soft tissues around the mouth
2922:Ectopic salivary gland tissue
1255:10.1016/s0007-1226(95)90233-3
548:
451:
397:Post-irradiation sialadenitis
374:
208:Ectopic salivary gland tissue
177:
124:. The submandibular gland is
2446:Gingival cyst of the newborn
2055:Failure of eruption of teeth
1759:Hand, foot and mouth disease
1744:Focal epithelial hyperplasia
1682:Angina bullosa haemorrhagica
1628:Palatal cysts of the newborn
1551:Transient lingual papillitis
1133:Glick M (1 September 2014).
1091:Diagrams by Mikael HÀggström
328:
287:
7:
2974:Salivary gland diverticulum
2937:Necrotizing sialometaplasia
1948:Smokeless tobacco keratosis
1860:Basaloid squamous carcinoma
571:Advances in Dental Research
273:Necrotizing sialometaplasia
266:
231:
10:
3390:
2984:Salivary gland hyperplasia
2932:HIV salivary gland disease
2441:Gingival cyst of the adult
1887:Oral florid papillomatosis
1600:
1488:
1075:"Salivary Gland Neoplasms"
1048:Aly, Fatima (2011-10-07).
1004:Arthritis & Rheumatism
919:(10). Ivyspring: 811â824.
525:
242:Salivary gland dysfunction
3329:
3323:
3318:
3231:
3223:Orofacial soft tissues â
3217:
3158:
3141:
2989:Salivary gland hypoplasia
2912:
2899:
2803:
2778:
2717:Bisphosphonate-associated
2611:Idiopathic osteosclerosis
2586:
2564:
2387:
2354:
2082:Dentinogenesis imperfecta
2018:
1992:
1672:
1655:
1608:
1595:
1546:Median rhomboid glossitis
1496:
1483:
1404:
1391:
1322:
1104:Textbook of Oral Medicine
896:– via BMJ Journals.
386:Graft-versus-host disease
48:
35:
26:
21:
3374:Salivary gland pathology
3296:Orofacial granulomatosis
3075:Mucoepidermoid carcinoma
3060:Adenoid cystic carcinoma
2994:Salivary gland neoplasms
2785:Temporomandibular joints
2756:Periapical periodontitis
2488:Linear gingival erythema
2256:Regional odontodysplasia
2102:Enamel hypocalcification
1396:
583:10.1177/0022034510396882
315:, chills, and headaches.
3193:Obstructive sleep apnea
2959:Salivary duct stricture
2739:Paget's disease of bone
2236:Pulp canal obliteration
2077:Dentin hypersensitivity
2023:Amelogenesis imperfecta
1875:Squamous cell carcinoma
1855:Adenosquamous carcinoma
1842:Squamous cell papilloma
1819:Melanocytic oral lesion
648:Rapid Review Physiology
458:Salivary gland neoplasm
227:region of the mandible.
221:inferior alveolar nerve
75:Salivary gland diseases
3339:Hemifacial hypertrophy
3306:Pyostomatitis vegetans
2979:Salivary gland fistula
2969:Salivary gland atresia
2964:Salivary gland aplasia
2818:Mandibular dislocation
2789:muscles of mastication
2667:Calcifying odontogenic
2296:Vertical root fracture
2291:Cracked tooth syndrome
2266:Shovel-shaped incisors
2161:Wisdom tooth impaction
2043:Early childhood caries
1909:Benign mucous membrane
1870:Spindle cell carcinoma
1779:Intraoral dental sinus
1697:Burning mouth syndrome
1136:Burket's oral medicine
341:
187:
155:action, and acts as a
22:Salivary gland disease
3148:Stomatognathic system
3050:Acinic cell carcinoma
2672:Glandular odontogenic
1824:Molluscum contagiosum
496:salivary diverticulum
423:Cheilitis glandularis
336:
252:, and this can cause
185:
3291:Oral Crohn's disease
3246:Basal cell carcinoma
2885:Condylar hyperplasia
2870:Maxillary hypoplasia
2436:Gingival enlargement
2369:periodontal ligament
1975:Verruciform xanthoma
1707:Condyloma acuminatum
1052:. Pathology Outlines
433:IgG4-related disease
417:Heerfordt's syndrome
363:Nicotinic stomatitis
191:Congenital disorders
128:to the angle of the
91:submandibular glands
3301:Perioral dermatitis
3037:Pleomorphic adenoma
3017:Monomorphic adenoma
3007:Canalicular adenoma
2880:Condylar hypoplasia
2813:Condylar resorption
2657:Lateral periodontal
2616:Mandibular fracture
2515:Periodontal abscess
2112:Turner's hypoplasia
1880:Verrucous carcinoma
1829:Morsicatio buccarum
1809:Lupus erythematosus
1722:Erythema multiforme
1638:Stomatitis nicotina
872:Practical Neurology
122:second upper molars
38:submandibular gland
3344:Facial hemiatrophy
3198:Periodic breathing
3129:Sjögren's syndrome
3002:Basal cell adenoma
2766:Torus mandibularis
2744:Periapical abscess
2727:Osteoradionecrosis
2652:Buccal bifurcation
2631:Intraosseous cysts
2520:Periodontal trauma
2424:Pyogenic granuloma
2271:Supernumerary root
2224:Pulp calcification
2212:Premature eruption
2183:Odontogenic tumors
1980:White sponge nevus
1953:Submucous fibrosis
1897:Smoker's melanosis
1784:Irritation fibroma
1623:High-arched palate
1531:Foliate papillitis
1521:Cunnilingus tongue
1506:Black hairy tongue
1436:Congenital lip pit
926:10.7150/ijms.12912
381:Sjögren's syndrome
342:
188:
3361:
3360:
3357:
3356:
3314:
3313:
3213:
3212:
3137:
3136:
3042:Sebaceous adenoma
2895:
2894:
2774:
2773:
2685:Median mandibular
2680:Nasopalatine duct
2596:Alveolar osteitis
2560:
2559:
2547:Perio-endo lesion
2429:Congenital epulis
2350:
2349:
2107:Enamel hypoplasia
1988:
1987:
1963:RigaâFede disease
1814:Melanocytic nevus
1754:Hairy leukoplakia
1717:Epulis fissuratum
1651:
1650:
1591:
1590:
1541:Geographic tongue
1479:
1478:
1351:
1350:
1227:978-3-318-02596-5
1173:978-93-5025-374-8
1146:978-1-60795-188-9
1114:978-93-5152-303-1
1017:10.1002/art.34593
1011:(10): 3061â3067.
823:10.1111/odi.13375
764:10.1159/000333147
145:digestive enzymes
95:sublingual glands
72:
71:
16:Medical condition
3381:
3320:
3319:
3219:
3218:
3143:
3142:
3012:Ductal papilloma
2901:
2900:
2780:
2779:
2677:Non-odontogenic:
2662:Globulomaxillary
2601:Buccal exostosis
2566:
2565:
2510:Peri-implantitis
2356:
2355:
2072:Dentin dysplasia
1994:
1993:
1970:Verruca vulgaris
1865:Mucosal melanoma
1712:Darier's disease
1687:Behçet's disease
1657:
1656:
1613:Bednar's aphthae
1597:
1596:
1485:
1484:
1471:Trumpeter's wart
1393:
1392:
1378:
1371:
1364:
1355:
1354:
1320:
1319:
1308:
1307:
1297:
1273:
1267:
1266:
1238:
1232:
1231:
1211:
1205:
1204:
1184:
1178:
1177:
1157:
1151:
1150:
1130:
1119:
1118:
1098:
1092:
1089:
1087:
1085:
1070:
1061:
1060:
1058:
1057:
1045:
1039:
1038:
1028:
994:
988:
985:
979:
978:
960:
949:
948:
938:
928:
904:
898:
897:
887:
869:
860:
854:
853:
843:
825:
801:
792:
791:
747:
738:
737:
719:
713:
712:
688:
677:
676:
674:
672:
658:
652:
651:
643:
637:
636:
618:
605:
604:
594:
562:
481:
469:
68:
67:
55:Gastroenterology
36:Blockage of the
31:
19:
18:
3389:
3388:
3384:
3383:
3382:
3380:
3379:
3378:
3364:
3363:
3362:
3353:
3325:
3310:
3266:Ludwig's angina
3227:
3209:
3168:Mouth breathing
3154:
3133:
2954:Pneumoparotitis
2927:Frey's syndrome
2908:
2906:Salivary glands
2891:
2799:
2770:
2749:Phoenix abscess
2582:
2578:hard tissues â
2556:
2478:Hypercementosis
2397:Cementoblastoma
2383:
2346:
2060:Dens evaginatus
2014:
1984:
1936:Denture-related
1921:Plasmoacanthoma
1847:Keratoacanthoma
1668:
1666:Lining of mouth
1647:
1643:Torus palatinus
1604:
1587:
1568:Lingual thyroid
1526:Fissured tongue
1516:Crenated tongue
1492:
1475:
1461:Nasolabial cyst
1446:Herpes labialis
1400:
1387:
1382:
1352:
1347:
1346:
1331:
1317:
1312:
1311:
1274:
1270:
1239:
1235:
1228:
1212:
1208:
1185:
1181:
1174:
1158:
1154:
1147:
1131:
1122:
1115:
1099:
1095:
1090:
1083:
1081:
1071:
1064:
1055:
1053:
1046:
1042:
995:
991:
986:
982:
975:
961:
952:
905:
901:
867:
861:
857:
802:
795:
748:
741:
734:
720:
716:
709:
689:
680:
670:
668:
660:
659:
655:
644:
640:
633:
619:
608:
563:
556:
551:
528:
492:
485:
482:
473:
470:
454:
446:Frey's syndrome
442:
394:
377:
331:
290:
269:
261:Hypersalivation
239:
234:
180:
147:(e.g. salivary
85:in humans: the
83:salivary glands
62:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3387:
3377:
3376:
3359:
3358:
3355:
3354:
3352:
3351:
3346:
3341:
3336:
3334:Eagle syndrome
3330:
3327:
3326:
3316:
3315:
3312:
3311:
3309:
3308:
3303:
3298:
3293:
3288:
3283:
3278:
3273:
3268:
3263:
3258:
3256:Cystic hygroma
3253:
3248:
3243:
3238:
3232:
3229:
3228:
3215:
3214:
3211:
3210:
3208:
3207:
3202:
3201:
3200:
3195:
3190:
3185:
3180:
3170:
3165:
3159:
3156:
3155:
3139:
3138:
3135:
3134:
3132:
3131:
3126:
3124:Sialolithiasis
3121:
3116:
3111:
3106:
3101:
3100:
3099:
3094:
3084:
3079:
3078:
3077:
3072:
3067:
3062:
3057:
3055:Adenocarcinoma
3052:
3044:
3039:
3034:
3029:
3024:
3022:Myoepithelioma
3019:
3014:
3009:
3004:
2991:
2986:
2981:
2976:
2971:
2966:
2961:
2956:
2951:
2950:
2949:
2939:
2934:
2929:
2924:
2919:
2913:
2910:
2909:
2897:
2896:
2893:
2892:
2890:
2889:
2888:
2887:
2882:
2872:
2867:
2866:
2865:
2860:
2855:
2850:
2845:
2840:
2835:
2830:
2820:
2815:
2810:
2804:
2801:
2800:
2776:
2775:
2772:
2771:
2769:
2768:
2763:
2758:
2753:
2752:
2751:
2741:
2736:
2731:
2730:
2729:
2724:
2719:
2709:
2704:
2699:
2698:
2697:
2695:Traumatic bone
2692:
2690:Median palatal
2687:
2682:
2674:
2669:
2664:
2659:
2654:
2649:
2644:
2628:
2623:
2618:
2613:
2608:
2603:
2598:
2593:
2587:
2584:
2583:
2562:
2561:
2558:
2557:
2555:
2554:
2549:
2544:
2543:
2542:
2537:
2532:
2522:
2517:
2512:
2507:
2502:
2501:
2500:
2490:
2485:
2483:Hypocementosis
2480:
2475:
2470:
2469:
2468:
2463:
2458:
2448:
2443:
2438:
2433:
2432:
2431:
2426:
2416:
2411:
2406:
2405:
2404:
2394:
2388:
2385:
2384:
2352:
2351:
2348:
2347:
2345:
2344:
2343:
2342:
2337:
2332:
2327:
2317:
2316:
2315:
2305:
2304:
2303:
2298:
2293:
2288:
2278:
2273:
2268:
2263:
2258:
2253:
2248:
2243:
2238:
2233:
2232:
2231:
2221:
2220:
2219:
2217:Neonatal teeth
2209:
2204:
2203:
2202:
2192:
2191:
2190:
2180:
2175:
2170:
2165:
2164:
2163:
2153:
2152:
2151:
2141:
2136:
2131:
2126:
2121:
2116:
2115:
2114:
2104:
2099:
2097:Ectopic enamel
2094:
2089:
2084:
2079:
2074:
2069:
2068:
2067:
2057:
2052:
2047:
2046:
2045:
2035:
2030:
2025:
2019:
2016:
2015:
1990:
1989:
1986:
1985:
1983:
1982:
1977:
1972:
1967:
1966:
1965:
1955:
1950:
1945:
1944:
1943:
1938:
1933:
1923:
1918:
1913:
1912:
1911:
1901:
1900:
1899:
1892:Oral melanosis
1889:
1884:
1883:
1882:
1877:
1872:
1867:
1862:
1857:
1849:
1844:
1831:
1826:
1821:
1816:
1811:
1806:
1801:
1796:
1791:
1786:
1781:
1776:
1771:
1766:
1761:
1756:
1751:
1746:
1741:
1740:
1739:
1729:
1724:
1719:
1714:
1709:
1704:
1699:
1694:
1692:Bohn's nodules
1689:
1684:
1679:
1677:Amalgam tattoo
1673:
1670:
1669:
1653:
1652:
1649:
1648:
1646:
1645:
1640:
1635:
1630:
1625:
1620:
1615:
1609:
1606:
1605:
1593:
1592:
1589:
1588:
1586:
1585:
1580:
1575:
1570:
1565:
1560:
1555:
1554:
1553:
1548:
1543:
1533:
1528:
1523:
1518:
1513:
1508:
1503:
1497:
1494:
1493:
1481:
1480:
1477:
1476:
1474:
1473:
1468:
1463:
1458:
1453:
1448:
1443:
1438:
1433:
1428:
1427:
1426:
1421:
1416:
1405:
1402:
1401:
1389:
1388:
1381:
1380:
1373:
1366:
1358:
1349:
1348:
1345:
1344:
1332:
1327:
1326:
1324:
1323:Classification
1316:
1315:External links
1313:
1310:
1309:
1288:(10): 1411â5.
1268:
1233:
1226:
1206:
1179:
1172:
1152:
1145:
1120:
1113:
1093:
1062:
1040:
989:
980:
974:978-0721690032
973:
950:
899:
855:
793:
758:(3): 205â211.
739:
733:978-0443070839
732:
714:
708:978-0192628947
707:
694:Oral pathology
678:
653:
638:
631:
606:
553:
552:
550:
547:
546:
545:
535:
532:Sialolithiasis
527:
524:
504:salivary gland
491:
488:
487:
486:
483:
476:
474:
471:
464:
461:
460:
453:
450:
449:
448:
441:
438:
437:
436:
426:
420:
403:âthere may be
398:
393:
390:
389:
388:
383:
376:
373:
372:
371:
367:hyperkeratosis
360:
353:
346:Oral mucoceles
330:
327:
326:
325:
319:
316:
289:
286:
285:
284:
268:
265:
246:hyposalivation
238:
235:
233:
230:
229:
228:
210:
205:
200:
179:
176:
168:surgical sieve
138:floor of mouth
87:parotid glands
70:
69:
52:
46:
45:
42:salivary stone
33:
32:
24:
23:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3386:
3375:
3372:
3371:
3369:
3350:
3347:
3345:
3342:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3332:
3331:
3328:
3321:
3317:
3307:
3304:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3289:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3279:
3277:
3274:
3272:
3269:
3267:
3264:
3262:
3259:
3257:
3254:
3252:
3249:
3247:
3244:
3242:
3239:
3237:
3236:Actinomycosis
3234:
3233:
3230:
3226:
3220:
3216:
3206:
3203:
3199:
3196:
3194:
3191:
3189:
3186:
3184:
3181:
3179:
3176:
3175:
3174:
3171:
3169:
3166:
3164:
3161:
3160:
3157:
3153:
3149:
3144:
3140:
3130:
3127:
3125:
3122:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3114:Sialodochitis
3112:
3110:
3107:
3105:
3102:
3098:
3095:
3093:
3090:
3089:
3088:
3085:
3083:
3080:
3076:
3073:
3071:
3068:
3066:
3063:
3061:
3058:
3056:
3053:
3051:
3048:
3045:
3043:
3040:
3038:
3035:
3033:
3030:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3005:
3003:
3000:
2997:
2996:
2995:
2992:
2990:
2987:
2985:
2982:
2980:
2977:
2975:
2972:
2970:
2967:
2965:
2962:
2960:
2957:
2955:
2952:
2948:
2945:
2944:
2943:
2940:
2938:
2935:
2933:
2930:
2928:
2925:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2914:
2911:
2907:
2902:
2898:
2886:
2883:
2881:
2878:
2877:
2876:
2873:
2871:
2868:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2841:
2839:
2836:
2834:
2831:
2829:
2826:
2825:
2824:
2821:
2819:
2816:
2814:
2811:
2809:
2806:
2805:
2802:
2798:
2794:
2793:malocclusions
2790:
2786:
2781:
2777:
2767:
2764:
2762:
2761:Stafne defect
2759:
2757:
2754:
2750:
2747:
2746:
2745:
2742:
2740:
2737:
2735:
2732:
2728:
2725:
2723:
2720:
2718:
2715:
2714:
2713:
2712:Osteonecrosis
2710:
2708:
2707:Osteomyelitis
2705:
2703:
2700:
2696:
2693:
2691:
2688:
2686:
2683:
2681:
2678:
2675:
2673:
2670:
2668:
2665:
2663:
2660:
2658:
2655:
2653:
2650:
2648:
2645:
2643:
2640:
2638:
2634:
2633:
2632:
2629:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2614:
2612:
2609:
2607:
2604:
2602:
2599:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2589:
2588:
2585:
2581:
2580:Bones of jaws
2577:
2573:
2567:
2563:
2553:
2550:
2548:
2545:
2541:
2538:
2536:
2533:
2531:
2528:
2527:
2526:
2525:Periodontitis
2523:
2521:
2518:
2516:
2513:
2511:
2508:
2506:
2505:Pericoronitis
2503:
2499:
2496:
2495:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2481:
2479:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2467:
2464:
2462:
2461:Granulomatous
2459:
2457:
2454:
2453:
2452:
2449:
2447:
2444:
2442:
2439:
2437:
2434:
2430:
2427:
2425:
2422:
2421:
2420:
2417:
2415:
2414:Eruption cyst
2412:
2410:
2407:
2403:
2400:
2399:
2398:
2395:
2393:
2390:
2389:
2386:
2382:
2378:
2374:
2370:
2366:
2362:
2357:
2353:
2341:
2338:
2336:
2333:
2331:
2328:
2326:
2323:
2322:
2321:
2318:
2314:
2311:
2310:
2309:
2306:
2302:
2299:
2297:
2294:
2292:
2289:
2287:
2284:
2283:
2282:
2279:
2277:
2274:
2272:
2269:
2267:
2264:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2254:
2252:
2249:
2247:
2244:
2242:
2241:Pulp necrosis
2239:
2237:
2234:
2230:
2227:
2226:
2225:
2222:
2218:
2215:
2214:
2213:
2210:
2208:
2205:
2201:
2200:Dens in dente
2198:
2197:
2196:
2193:
2189:
2186:
2185:
2184:
2181:
2179:
2176:
2174:
2171:
2169:
2166:
2162:
2159:
2158:
2157:
2154:
2150:
2147:
2146:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2137:
2135:
2132:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2122:
2120:
2117:
2113:
2110:
2109:
2108:
2105:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2095:
2093:
2092:Discoloration
2090:
2088:
2085:
2083:
2080:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2070:
2066:
2063:
2062:
2061:
2058:
2056:
2053:
2051:
2048:
2044:
2041:
2040:
2039:
2036:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2020:
2017:
2012:
2008:
2004:
2000:
1995:
1991:
1981:
1978:
1976:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1964:
1961:
1960:
1959:
1956:
1954:
1951:
1949:
1946:
1942:
1939:
1937:
1934:
1932:
1929:
1928:
1927:
1924:
1922:
1919:
1917:
1914:
1910:
1907:
1906:
1905:
1902:
1898:
1895:
1894:
1893:
1890:
1888:
1885:
1881:
1878:
1876:
1873:
1871:
1868:
1866:
1863:
1861:
1858:
1856:
1853:
1850:
1848:
1845:
1843:
1840:
1837:
1836:
1835:
1832:
1830:
1827:
1825:
1822:
1820:
1817:
1815:
1812:
1810:
1807:
1805:
1802:
1800:
1799:Lichen planus
1797:
1795:
1792:
1790:
1787:
1785:
1782:
1780:
1777:
1775:
1774:Herpes zoster
1772:
1770:
1767:
1765:
1762:
1760:
1757:
1755:
1752:
1750:
1749:Fordyce spots
1747:
1745:
1742:
1738:
1735:
1734:
1733:
1730:
1728:
1727:Erythroplakia
1725:
1723:
1720:
1718:
1715:
1713:
1710:
1708:
1705:
1703:
1700:
1698:
1695:
1693:
1690:
1688:
1685:
1683:
1680:
1678:
1675:
1674:
1671:
1667:
1663:
1658:
1654:
1644:
1641:
1639:
1636:
1634:
1631:
1629:
1626:
1624:
1621:
1619:
1616:
1614:
1611:
1610:
1607:
1603:
1598:
1594:
1584:
1581:
1579:
1576:
1574:
1571:
1569:
1566:
1564:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1552:
1549:
1547:
1544:
1542:
1539:
1538:
1537:
1534:
1532:
1529:
1527:
1524:
1522:
1519:
1517:
1514:
1512:
1511:Caviar tongue
1509:
1507:
1504:
1502:
1501:Ankyloglossia
1499:
1498:
1495:
1491:
1486:
1482:
1472:
1469:
1467:
1466:Sun poisoning
1464:
1462:
1459:
1457:
1454:
1452:
1449:
1447:
1444:
1442:
1439:
1437:
1434:
1432:
1429:
1425:
1422:
1420:
1417:
1415:
1412:
1411:
1410:
1407:
1406:
1403:
1399:
1394:
1390:
1386:
1379:
1374:
1372:
1367:
1365:
1360:
1359:
1356:
1343:
1339:
1338:
1334:
1333:
1330:
1325:
1321:
1305:
1301:
1296:
1291:
1287:
1283:
1279:
1272:
1264:
1260:
1256:
1252:
1249:(6): 419â22.
1248:
1244:
1237:
1229:
1223:
1219:
1218:
1210:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1190:
1189:Stomatologiia
1183:
1175:
1169:
1165:
1164:
1156:
1148:
1142:
1138:
1137:
1129:
1127:
1125:
1116:
1110:
1106:
1105:
1097:
1080:
1076:
1073:Steve C Lee.
1069:
1067:
1051:
1044:
1036:
1032:
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837:
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829:
824:
819:
815:
811:
810:Oral Diseases
807:
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789:
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769:
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410:
409:uveoparotitis
406:
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387:
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382:
379:
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368:
364:
361:
357:
354:
351:
347:
344:
343:
340:a mucous cyst
339:
338:Oral mucocele
335:
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226:
223:canal in the
222:
218:
214:
213:Stafne defect
211:
209:
206:
204:
201:
199:
196:
195:
194:
192:
186:Stafne defect
184:
175:
173:
169:
164:
163:(dry mouth).
162:
158:
154:
153:antimicrobial
150:
146:
141:
139:
135:
131:
127:
123:
119:
118:parotid ducts
115:
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60:
56:
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39:
34:
30:
25:
20:
3224:
3151:
3087:Sialadenitis
3046:
2998:
2905:
2863:Scissor bite
2858:Retrognathia
2843:Overeruption
2823:Malocclusion
2796:
2676:
2635:
2626:Micrognathia
2579:
2570:Periapical,
2456:Desquamative
2380:
2361:Periodontium
2335:Acid erosion
2276:Taurodontism
2207:Open contact
2119:Enamel pearl
2087:Dilaceration
2050:Concrescence
1851:
1838:
1665:
1618:Cleft palate
1578:Microglossia
1573:Macroglossia
1558:Glossoptosis
1456:Microcheilia
1451:Macrocheilia
1335:
1285:
1281:
1271:
1246:
1242:
1236:
1216:
1209:
1192:
1188:
1182:
1162:
1155:
1135:
1103:
1096:
1082:. Retrieved
1078:
1054:. Retrieved
1043:
1008:
1002:
992:
983:
964:
916:
912:
902:
875:
871:
858:
813:
809:
755:
751:
723:
717:
693:
669:. Retrieved
665:
656:
647:
641:
622:
577:(1): 79â83.
574:
570:
538:Sialadenosis
508:sialadenitis
499:
495:
493:
490:Diverticulum
440:Neurological
392:Inflammatory
291:
259:
241:
240:
189:
172:Sialadenitis
165:
142:
78:
74:
73:
3281:Microstomia
3271:Macrostomia
3261:Gnathophyma
3178:Catathrenia
3173:Sleep apnea
3104:Sialectasis
2647:Dentigerous
2637:Odontogenic
2466:Plasma cell
2402:Gigantiform
2178:Microdontia
2168:Macrodontia
2139:Hyperdontia
1834:Oral cancer
1794:Leukoplakia
1702:Candidiasis
1662:Oral mucosa
1583:Rhabdomyoma
1563:Hypoglossia
1424:Plasma cell
1195:(5): 31â3.
1084:January 13,
816:: 750â751.
752:Gerontology
520:sialography
500:diverticuli
401:Sarcoidosis
370:background.
300:(or rarely
281:oral cancer
254:tooth decay
237:Dysfunction
3241:Angioedema
3047:Malignant:
3027:Oncocytoma
2853:Prognathia
2642:periapical
2621:Microgenia
2572:mandibular
2530:Aggressive
2451:Gingivitis
2392:Cementicle
2330:Abfraction
2320:Tooth wear
2313:Edentulism
2308:Tooth loss
2261:Resorption
2246:Pulp polyp
2229:Pulp stone
2173:Meth mouth
2144:Hypodontia
2134:Gemination
2065:Talon cusp
1958:Ulceration
1926:Stomatitis
1904:Pemphigoid
1852:Malignant:
1804:Linea alba
1789:Leukoedema
1769:Herpangina
1737:Giant-cell
1056:2013-12-05
915:(Review).
874:(Review).
646:Brown, T.
549:References
542:alcoholism
452:Neoplastic
375:Autoimmune
324:(HIV-SGD).
277:infarction
250:xerostomia
178:Congenital
161:xerostomia
116:, via the
93:, and the
3109:Sialocele
3092:Parotitis
2833:Open bite
2828:Crossbite
2606:Cherubism
2576:maxillary
2409:Cementoma
2340:Attrition
2156:Impaction
2124:Fluorosis
2033:Anodontia
2028:Ankylosis
1916:Pemphigus
1536:Glossitis
1431:Cleft lip
1409:Cheilitis
832:1354-523X
772:1423-0003
516:sialolith
512:parotitis
407:alone or
405:parotitis
329:Traumatic
298:bacterial
288:Infective
225:posterior
50:Specialty
3368:Category
3119:Sialosis
3070:Lymphoma
2942:Mucocele
2838:Overbite
2591:Agnathia
2552:Teething
2377:alveolus
2373:cementum
2325:Abrasion
2301:Occlusal
2286:Avulsion
2251:Pulpitis
2195:Odontoma
1941:Herpetic
1931:Aphthous
1441:Eclabium
1201:15477837
1079:Medscape
1035:22736240
945:26516310
894:28188210
850:32348636
788:19353111
780:22104982
601:21441486
498:(plural
267:Vascular
232:Acquired
130:mandible
3205:Snoring
3163:Bruxism
2999:Benign:
2848:Overjet
2808:Bruxism
2702:Osteoma
2540:Chronic
2365:gingiva
1839:Benign:
1732:Fibroma
1419:Angular
1414:Actinic
1342:D012466
1304:9332142
1263:7551515
1026:5963880
936:4615242
841:7267261
699:247â265
671:12 July
592:3144046
526:Unknown
203:Atresia
198:Aplasia
151:), has
149:amylase
101:of the
2947:Ranula
2419:Epulis
2281:Trauma
2129:Fusion
2038:Caries
2011:enamel
2007:dentin
1602:Palate
1490:Tongue
1302:
1261:
1224:
1199:
1170:
1143:
1111:
1033:
1023:
971:
943:
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892:
848:
838:
830:
786:
778:
770:
730:
705:
629:
599:
589:
356:Ranula
302:fungal
157:buffer
134:mucous
126:medial
114:saliva
111:serous
99:mucosa
89:, the
61:
3324:Other
1999:Teeth
868:(PDF)
784:S2CID
350:mucin
313:fever
309:Mumps
294:viral
103:mouth
40:by a
3286:Noma
2791:and
2574:and
2379:) â
2003:pulp
1398:Lips
1337:MeSH
1300:PMID
1259:PMID
1222:ISBN
1197:PMID
1168:ISBN
1141:ISBN
1109:ISBN
1086:2021
1031:PMID
969:ISBN
941:PMID
890:PMID
846:PMID
828:ISSN
776:PMID
768:ISSN
728:ISBN
703:ISBN
673:2021
627:ISBN
597:PMID
413:uvea
217:cyst
107:ears
79:SGDs
1290:doi
1286:128
1251:doi
1021:PMC
1013:doi
931:PMC
921:doi
880:doi
836:PMC
818:doi
760:doi
587:PMC
579:doi
304:).
296:or
3370::
3150:â
2795:â
2787:,
2375:,
2371:,
2367:,
2009:,
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557:^
494:A
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77:(
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