547:
606:
for
Salvadorans every year is Feria Agostina on August 6. El Rescate has organized a parade and festival for the event every year since 1996. The festival aims to bring together the Salvadoran community, businesses, and organizations to celebrate Salvadoran culture. There are games, prizes, Salvadoran food, and parades. There is also information about financial services, housing, health care, legal services, real estate and travel to El Salvador, and remittance services. Organizations also host trips to El Salvador to teach those in Los Angeles about Salvadoran culture and instill a love for the country. To serve the daily needs of the community, CARECEN provides educational spaces for adults and youth to help with school, engage creatively, and have safe spaces to meet with others. CARECEN also runs a day labor center to connect workers in Los Angeles with employers and help workers make sure they are paid fair wages. The day labor center also provides English language programs, computer literacy programs, and health programs.
602:, Salvadoran American National Association, and the Salvadoran American Leadership and Education Fund (SALEF). There are more left-leaning Salvadorans, those that generally support the FMLN, than right-wing, conservative Salvadorans in Los Angeles and so the left-wing activists organizations are more organized in the community. El Rescate, founded in 1981, was the first Salvadoran organization founded in Los Angeles. CARECEN, founded in 1983, came next. Most of the Salvadoran organizations in Los Angeles engage in legal services, immigration reform, education, civic and voter engagement, and cultural events for the community. The diaspora organizes through these organizations to participate in elections and vote for Salvadoran candidates or those who support Central American issues. They also organize and participate in protests for immigration reform and human rights Staffs from the organizations and members of the community also contact their representatives to fight for their issues.
27:
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499:, like El Salvador, Honduras, and Guatemala. The gang-related violence in Los Angeles has generally decreased from 2001 to 2009. Some of these gang members are undocumented, and when they are deported back to El Salvador, they often join the MS-13 or 18th Street cliques, or they return to the United States illegally. Although El Salvador is riddled with gang activity and crime, the United States does not consider Salvadoran immigrants to be refugees since peace was officially declared after the civil war in 1992 by the
678:
412:
62:
2002:
471:
done by the government. Crops were also destroyed which worsen the already unstable economy and farmers who lived off their crops. With the amount of instability increasing in El
Salvador, large numbers of internal migration occurred within the country that eventually resulted in the external migration of many people. The U.S government played a role in these situations. The U.S was supportive of the Salvadoran government during the civil war due to their mutual dislike of the leftist rebel group
663:
719:
752:
738:
2503:
571:
those petitioning for family to come to the US . They advocate for extending TPS and help those with TPS renew their status. The diaspora is also engaged in pushing for immigration reform that, "that acknowledges the valuable contributions immigrants bring and that respects the basic human rights of all immigrants and allows them to live a life full of dignity and equal opportunity". Salvadorans are also closely following
President Obama's plan
584:
693:
705:
475:(Farabundo Mardi National Liberation Front). However, the U.S State and Justice departments argue that increased violence has only caused the economic hardship to worsen which then gives more people more reason to emigrate. The Reagan administration first refused to classify incoming Salvadoran immigrants as refugees because it believed that they were merely seeking economic prosperity.
521:’s Presidency, the U.S. intervened to get these foreign individuals out of the country. To do so, foreign born residents that had varying criminal records were deported back to their homelands. The U.S. deportation policy were at an all time high, thereafter starting the trend of MS 13 influx to and from the U.S. and El Salvador.
558:(1980-1992) between the right-wing government and its paramilitary forces and the left-wing Farabundo Marti National Liberation Front (FMLN) and its guerrilla fighters. The Salvadoran diaspora focused on lobbying the US government to stop supporting the Salvadoran government and to provide refugee status and
626:
goods, news, and letters to the US. The diaspora also invests in real estate in El
Salvador either for monetary investments, for their families in El Salvador, and/or for a place to move back to and retire. The diaspora wishes to keep track of Salvadoran news, so several major Salvadoran dailies, including
309:
the age of 16 are employed. Men and women have about equal employment rates. Most work in education or health care industries. Another 36% are employed in service-oriented jobs. About 23.8% of men are employed in construction or maintenance occupations while only about 1.5% of women work in these sectors.
625:
The
Salvadoran diaspora also maintains several thriving industries in order to connect with El Salvador. There is a strong tourism industry of migrants returning to visit their hometowns and family. There are courier services around Los Angeles that bring money and goods to El Salvador and bring back
605:
Organizations also organize events for
Salvadoran holidays and to celebrate Salvadoran culture. These events bring the diaspora together in a cultural identity and love for the homeland. There is a large parade every year in Los Angeles for Salvadoran Independence Day on September 15. The major event
562:
for
Salvadorans fleeing the civil war. The US government was supporting the Salvadoran government with military aid because the US viewed it as an anti-communist force fighting the communist (FMLN). The US did withdraw support from the Salvadoran government after the Soviet Union collapsed and as the
393:
Families in El
Salvador are traditionally large and close-knit. Though men were traditionally the heads of households and the breadwinners, in the era of migration, women have increasingly become the heads as the men migrate to find work. Women also usually find work faster in Los Angeles, because of
650:
Salvadorans in Los
Angeles engage not only socially and culturally but also politically. Salvadoran candidates may travel to the US to campaign in the hopes of raising funds and convincing Salvadorans outside El Salvador to tell their friends and family in El Salvador how to vote. After lobbying the
570:
was signed in 1992, the
Salvadoran diaspora shifted its focus inward to domestic policy issues, especially those regarding immigration, status in the US, and workers rights. The Salvadoran diaspora concentrates legal services for those in the US on visas, without visas, those seeking citizenship, or
397:
Families are often separated when parents or those able to work migrate to the US and leave children in the care of their grandparents or older siblings. Some families are reunited, but may still have tense relationships between parents and their kids as kids may have felt abandoned or their parents
506:
A diaspora is a group of people who are united by ethnic or cultural ties. It is a branch of transnationalism, which is a group of ideas coming from outside different nations or countries. A diaspora “is not a discrete entity, but rather it is a combination of contradictory convergences of people,
470:
believe that migration trends are mostly derived from "direct fear of political violence and persecution." According to the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of San Salvador, which recorded many events, during the high instability of the early 1980s, there were many political killings, many of which were
308:
In Los Angeles, the Salvadoran population has a slightly larger number of women than men, which is 52.6% women versus 47.4% men out of 255,218 Salvadorans in the area. Out of 67,842 Salvadoran households in Los Angeles, about 80% of them have more than one person living in the home. About 71% over
285:
in the 1980s, in order to escape the violence and political and economic instability in the country. Since then, Salvadorans have continued to migrate to Los Angeles as well as other cities around the United States. The community is well established in Los Angeles and stands as an integral part of
529:
that was strengthened throughout that migratory pattern. This was possible because people who fled Central America were able to come together as a group and adapt to a new way of life in the U.S. This brought about their knowledge and involvement in extortion, kidnapping, turf protection, human
312:
The median amount of income that Salvadorans earn per household is about $ 36,850 and about 30% of all families are at or below poverty level. Almost 50% of Salvadorans over 25 have not graduated high school and about 7% have graduated from college within 4 years or have a degree higher than a
394:
the high demand for low wage women workers in sectors such as the garment industry, the electronics industry, cleaning services, and personal aides for the elderly or children. This shift in gender roles can increase tension within families as they adjust to living in the US.
338:, and there are several Latino Catholic congregations in Los Angeles. However, Central American Catholicism is different than US Catholicism; recent immigrants feel that US Catholicism does not align with their practices and so many convert to Protestantism.
524:
The strict deportation policies created to target MS 13 and other gangs like M 18, created a “Revolving Door migratory pattern.” (1) The migration of MS 13 from Central America to the U.S., and being deported from the U.S. back to Central America, created an
651:
Salvadoran government, starting in 2014 Salvadorans living abroad are able to vote in the presidential elections. Emigrants say they deserve this right because they support the country economically and so should have influence in the political processes.
313:
bachelor's degree. An estimated 95% speak Spanish at home and 53.5% speak English "less than well". Pico Union and the El Salvador Community Corridor, a part of Vermont Avenue, have the highest concentration of Salvadorans in Los Angeles.
514:(Salvadorans, Guatemalans and Hondurans) came to the U.S seeking asylum from their violence ridden countries, many of them with children. Those countries that belong to the Northern Triangle were in the midst of civil wars in the 1980s.
537:
According to Paul Liquorie, “We have seen time and time again people who have been deported returning to the United States because they are already networked into the criminal element that is running the human smuggling routes.”
402:
into US culture faster than their parents, causing some additional tension between parents and children due to the differences in values and interests, especially those regarding discipline and connections to El Salvador.
642:
additionally has a section on the website called Departmento 15 that is devoted to stories about Salvadorans living abroad and international news. The name is a play on geography; El Salvador is divided into
458:
in the 1980s. About 20-30% of Salvadorans left the country and about half of them migrated to the U.S. the rate of emigration from El Salvador reached a peak of 46 persons per 1,000 population in 1981.
345:
for refugees and house them even when they did not have official US government status. They also provide services for youth to steer them away from gangs and drugs and towards education and community.
530:
trafficking, and illegal drug marketing. These ideas were brought back and forth through the “revolving doors,” and they consistently found ways to improve in these areas. This was the start of their
1164:
Kalina, Brabeck; Brinton, Lykes; Hershberg, Rachel (2011). "Framing Immigration To And Deportation From The United States: Guatemalan And Salvadoran Families Make Meaning Of Their Experiences".
822:
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President Barack Obama and First Lady Michelle Obama greet children during the arrival ceremony at Comalapa International Airport in San Salvador, El Salvador, March 22, 2011.
546:
491:. La Mara Salvatrucha (MS-13) was created as a form of security for the Salvadoran immigrants in Los Angeles against the other gangs in the area. The 18th Street gang is a
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450:
following shipping lines that went to ports in Los Angeles. There they hoped to find jobs in coffee shipping and processing. Salvadoran Americans started emigrating from
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1885:
1928:
264:
341:
Both Protestant and Catholic churches in Los Angeles play crucial roles in the diaspora community. During the civil war, churches were among the first to
2532:
2112:
830:
1179:
Williams Deane, Stanley (1987). "Economic Migrants Or Refugees From Violence? A Time-Series Analysis Of Salvadoran Migration To The United States".
2387:
1951:
119:
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99:
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1956:
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129:
94:
1921:
1859:
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The reasons for which Salvadorans have migrated to United States vary but most of the academic community and organizations such as the
218:
618:. 70% of Salvadorans in the US send remittances to friends and family in El Salvador. These remittances account for about 16% of the
1648:
1452:
208:
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Since their migration from the 1980s, MS 13 grew in power in the United States during the 1990s. At this time, towards the end of
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gang that was developed around 1959, and it is a rival to La Mara Salvatrucha. These gangs have spread to several countries in
223:
179:
1319:
1914:
1046:
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The Salvadoran diaspora as a whole maintains strong connections to El Salvador. One of the main ways they do this is through
114:
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and go to helping receivers pay for food, education, health care, clothes, and business, land, and real estate investments.
1765:
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154:
26:
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250:
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Transnational Salvadoran Migration and the Consumption System: The Elucidation of Tensions, Inconsistencies, and Burdens
2318:
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2097:
233:
169:
133:
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Salvadorans are the second largest Hispanic group in the United States and the second largest foreign born group in
1825:
DeSipio, Louis (2000). "Sending Money Home... For Now: Remittances and Immigrant Adaptation in the United States".
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335:
1228:
1537:
1374:
599:
326:
Most Salvadorans speak Spanish. Among the Los Angeles diaspora, 95% speak a language other than English at home.
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population in the United States. Los Angeles has a higher population than El Salvador's capital and largest city
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There are many Salvadoran and Central American organizations in Los Angeles. Primary among them are El Rescate,
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467:
238:
109:
104:
2001:
1743:
1294:
1200:
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Villacrés, Daniela N. (March 19, 2009). "A View from the Inside: Grounding the Remittance-Development Link".
907:
718:
662:
2527:
2418:
2016:
1937:
853:
144:
85:
1278:
Banks, Gabrielle (2000). "The tattooed generation: Salvadoran children bring home American gang culture".
1592:
644:
559:
61:
2339:
567:
500:
1697:
1147:
938:
2399:
823:"Selected Population Profile in the United States: 2013 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates"
149:
2071:
2026:
587:
442:
are historically the seven nations in Central America politically, geographically and culturally.
174:
39:
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619:
228:
139:
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294:
2142:
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399:
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67:
35:
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8:
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184:
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757:
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342:
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1129:
Silk, James (1986). "Despite a Generous Spirit: Denying Asylum in the United States".
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972:
511:
1460:
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1100:
628:
488:
18:
367:
1860:"The 2014 Presidential Elections in El Salvador and the Transnational Electorate"
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496:
384:
358:
1773:
52:
2302:
2281:
1906:
1091:
Richard, Jones (1989). "Causes of Salvadoran Migration to The United States".
411:
2516:
2323:
2271:
2216:
2107:
1971:
1886:"El Salvador Allows Citizens Living Abroad to Vote in Presidential Elections"
1039:
Reimagining National Belonging Post-Civil War El Salvador in a Global Context
710:
2241:
2211:
2051:
1253:
668:
518:
302:
1345:
578:
2441:
2328:
2132:
2122:
1986:
1073:
Salvadoran Migration to Southern California: Redefining El Hermano Lejano
563:
human rights violations of the Salvadoran government became more public.
451:
447:
419:
380:
278:
31:
2231:
2206:
2041:
1981:
1427:
615:
591:
431:
298:
2502:
2410:
2369:
1545:
1515:
1346:"The MS-13 and 18th Street Gangs: Emerging Transnational Gang Threats"
1112:
510:
According to Danielle Renwick, tens of thousands of refugees from the
2261:
2251:
2201:
2066:
2061:
2021:
1991:
1966:
583:
427:
415:
2444:
2266:
2236:
2056:
2046:
2036:
1104:
531:
526:
423:
198:
2221:
2031:
492:
575:(DACA) as many youth are facing deportation and loss of status.
2297:
2256:
2226:
1976:
446:
Salvadorans first started migrating to the United States after
439:
435:
213:
202:
1011:
Latino Los Angeles: Transformations, Communities, and Activism
2163:
1827:
Inter-American Dialogue and the Tomás Rivera Policy Institute
1482:
484:
647:, so those outside the country make a 15th for the country.
541:
483:
The most prominent gangs in Los Angeles and El Salvador are
472:
880:"L.A. Salvadoran Community Sees Hope along a New Corridor"
398:
have lost authority after they migrated. Children usually
1567:
792:"Measures of Immigrant Integration in Los Angeles County"
1698:"Salvadorans in California Celebrate Their Independence"
908:"El Salvador - Language, Culture, Customs and Etiquette"
854:"Pico-Union Tour Traces Historical Immigration Patterns"
34:
came to Los Angeles as refugees escaping war during the
1622:
1600:
654:
579:
Community Groups in Los Angeles and Modes of Organizing
1163:
789:
733:
406:
2523:
Hispanic and Latino American culture in Los Angeles
1623:"Salvadoran American Leadership and Education Fund"
1432:
The American Mosaic: The Latino American Experience
971:
1375:"MS-13: The Rise of a Deadly Gang in US Suburbia"
2514:
1936:
1199:Harris, Kamala; Wallace, Larry; Lopes, Richard.
1483:"Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA)"
1198:
1178:
281:. The main wave of immigrants came during the
2426:
2355:
1922:
1295:"Central America's Violent Northern Triangle"
799:Center for the Study of Immigrant Integration
609:
258:
1422:
1420:
1075:. Gainesville: University Press of Florida.
771:History of Mexican Americans in Los Angeles
766:History of Central Americans in Los Angeles
507:ideas, and their cultural considerations”.
2433:
2419:
2362:
2348:
1929:
1915:
1254:"Gang-Related Crime in Los Angeles County"
1032:
1030:
600:Central American Resource Center (CARECEN)
554:Salvadoran activism was strong during the
464:U.S. Committee for Refugees and Immigrants
265:
251:
2533:Salvadoran-American culture in California
1839:
1404:The Center For Justice and Accountability
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1070:
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542:Foreign Policy and Domestic Policy Issues
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582:
545:
478:
410:
387:group in Los Angeles and also in the U.S
293:
25:
17:
2440:
1824:
1721:"Salvadoreños de fiesta en Los Ángeles"
1718:
1124:
1122:
1090:
1066:
1064:
1062:
1060:
1058:
1036:
1027:
1009:Ochoa, Enrique C. and Gilda L. (2005).
1004:
1002:
1000:
993:. Ann Arbor: ProQuest LLC. p. 203.
969:
902:
900:
638:, have started publishing US editions.
2515:
1187:
1154:
1079:
956:
925:
812:
573:Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals
534:and became a source of great concern.
2414:
2343:
1910:
1277:
1217:
1008:
1719:Jiménez, Soudi W. (August 5, 2012).
1128:
1119:
1055:
997:
988:
897:
851:
655:Notable Salvadorans from Los Angeles
1742:Watanabe, Teresa (August 5, 2007).
1292:
936:
13:
1343:
877:
14:
2544:
1695:
1372:
1226:
620:Salvadoran Gross Domestic Product
594:settled in when entering the city
407:History and Reasons For Migration
2501:
2373:in the United States by location
2000:
1400:"CJA: Background on El Salvador"
978:. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press.
750:
736:
717:
703:
691:
676:
661:
560:temporary protected status (TPS)
366:
357:
286:its cultural and economic life.
60:
51:
1877:
1852:
1833:
1818:
1788:
1758:
1744:"New lives, but old traditions"
1735:
1712:
1700:. Latin American Herald Tribune
1689:
1671:
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1615:
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1560:
1530:
1500:
1475:
1445:
1392:
1366:
1337:
1312:
1286:
1271:
1246:
1201:"Organized Crime in California"
1172:
1041:. University of Arizona Press.
1013:. University of Arizona Press.
724:Elizabeth Espinosa (journalist)
289:
1864:Council on Hemispheric Affairs
1181:Latin American Research Review
982:
871:
845:
783:
468:American Civil Liberties Union
383:. Salvadorans are the largest
1:
1037:DeLugan, Robin Maria (2012).
776:
590:became the first destination
334:About 57% of Salvadorans are
1938:Ethnic groups in Los Angeles
989:Kent, Suzanne Marie (2008).
943:Countries and Their Cultures
7:
1842:Migraciones Internacionales
970:Cordova, Carlos B. (2005).
729:
454:in high numbers during the
329:
321:
10:
2549:
1166:Community, Work and Family
790:Rob Paral and Associates.
610:Connections to El Salvador
316:
22:Salvadorans in Los Angeles
2499:
2451:
2378:
2311:
2290:
2194:
2156:
2080:
2009:
1998:
1944:
1428:"El Salvadoran Civil War"
501:Chapultepec Peace Accords
348:
2400:Hondurans in New Orleans
1071:Cristales, Beth (2004).
974:The Salvadoran Americans
86:Ethnicity in Los Angeles
588:Pico-Union, Los Angeles
40:Central American crisis
1627:Official SALEF Website
1142:Cite journal requires
939:"Salvadoran Americans"
595:
551:
443:
305:
43:
23:
1679:"Policy and Advocacy"
698:Somaya Reece (singer)
586:
549:
479:Gangs and Deportation
414:
379:participating in the
297:
155:Hispanics and Latinos
29:
21:
1806:on December 18, 2014
1649:"Immigration Reform"
1453:"Immigration Reform"
1229:"How To Grow a Gang"
833:on February 27, 2015
827:American Fact Finder
556:Salvadoran Civil War
456:Salvadoran Civil War
377:Salvadoran Americans
283:Salvadoran Civil War
68:Salvadoran Americans
36:Salvadoran civil war
2528:Salvadoran diaspora
1776:on November 9, 2014
1746:. Los Angeles Times
1723:. La Prensa Grafica
1659:on November 9, 2014
1548:on November 9, 2014
1463:on November 9, 2014
1293:Renwick, Danielle.
1258:Los Angeles Almanac
1093:Geographical Review
343:provide safe spaces
80:Part of a series on
1884:O'Reilly, Andrew.
1796:"Day Labor Center"
1603:on August 21, 2014
852:Watanabe, Teresa.
758:Los Angeles portal
744:El Salvador portal
596:
552:
444:
306:
44:
24:
2510:
2509:
2408:
2407:
2371:Central Americans
2337:
2336:
1952:Central Americans
1518:on March 25, 2015
1344:Franco, Celinda.
1048:978-0-8165-3101-1
1020:978-0-8165-2468-6
937:Mumford, Jeremy.
884:Los Angeles Times
858:Los Angeles Times
640:La Prensa Gráfica
635:La Prensa Gráfica
512:Northern Triangle
275:
274:
219:Pacific Islanders
209:Middle Easterners
120:Central Americans
95:African Americans
2540:
2505:
2435:
2428:
2421:
2412:
2411:
2364:
2357:
2350:
2341:
2340:
2291:Native Americans
2004:
1931:
1924:
1917:
1908:
1907:
1901:
1900:
1898:
1896:
1881:
1875:
1874:
1872:
1870:
1856:
1850:
1849:
1837:
1831:
1830:
1822:
1816:
1815:
1813:
1811:
1802:. Archived from
1792:
1786:
1785:
1783:
1781:
1772:. Archived from
1762:
1756:
1755:
1753:
1751:
1739:
1733:
1732:
1730:
1728:
1716:
1710:
1709:
1707:
1705:
1693:
1687:
1686:
1675:
1669:
1668:
1666:
1664:
1655:. Archived from
1644:
1638:
1637:
1635:
1633:
1619:
1613:
1612:
1610:
1608:
1599:. Archived from
1589:
1583:
1582:
1580:
1578:
1564:
1558:
1557:
1555:
1553:
1544:. Archived from
1534:
1528:
1527:
1525:
1523:
1514:. Archived from
1504:
1498:
1497:
1495:
1493:
1479:
1473:
1472:
1470:
1468:
1459:. Archived from
1449:
1443:
1442:
1440:
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1424:
1415:
1414:
1412:
1410:
1396:
1390:
1389:
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1316:
1310:
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1305:
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1283:
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1269:
1268:
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1264:
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1244:
1243:
1241:
1239:
1227:Quirk, Matthew.
1224:
1215:
1214:
1212:
1210:
1205:
1196:
1185:
1184:
1176:
1170:
1169:
1161:
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1117:
1116:
1088:
1077:
1076:
1068:
1053:
1052:
1034:
1025:
1024:
1006:
995:
994:
986:
980:
979:
977:
967:
954:
953:
951:
949:
934:
923:
922:
920:
918:
904:
895:
894:
892:
890:
875:
869:
868:
866:
864:
849:
843:
842:
840:
838:
829:. Archived from
819:
810:
809:
807:
805:
796:
787:
760:
755:
754:
753:
746:
741:
740:
739:
721:
707:
695:
684:Richard Menjívar
680:
665:
629:El Diario de Hoy
489:18th Street Gang
385:Central American
370:
361:
267:
260:
253:
214:Native Americans
77:
76:
64:
55:
30:The majority of
2548:
2547:
2543:
2542:
2541:
2539:
2538:
2537:
2513:
2512:
2511:
2506:
2497:
2447:
2439:
2409:
2404:
2374:
2368:
2338:
2333:
2307:
2286:
2190:
2152:
2076:
2005:
1996:
1940:
1935:
1905:
1904:
1894:
1892:
1890:Fox News Latino
1882:
1878:
1868:
1866:
1858:
1857:
1853:
1838:
1834:
1823:
1819:
1809:
1807:
1794:
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1759:
1749:
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1740:
1736:
1726:
1724:
1717:
1713:
1703:
1701:
1694:
1690:
1677:
1676:
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1662:
1660:
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1641:
1631:
1629:
1621:
1620:
1616:
1606:
1604:
1591:
1590:
1586:
1576:
1574:
1566:
1565:
1561:
1551:
1549:
1536:
1535:
1531:
1521:
1519:
1506:
1505:
1501:
1491:
1489:
1481:
1480:
1476:
1466:
1464:
1451:
1450:
1446:
1436:
1434:
1426:
1425:
1418:
1408:
1406:
1398:
1397:
1393:
1383:
1381:
1371:
1367:
1357:
1355:
1348:
1342:
1338:
1328:
1326:
1318:
1317:
1313:
1303:
1301:
1291:
1287:
1276:
1272:
1262:
1260:
1252:
1251:
1247:
1237:
1235:
1225:
1218:
1208:
1206:
1203:
1197:
1188:
1177:
1173:
1162:
1155:
1143:
1141:
1132:
1131:
1127:
1120:
1089:
1080:
1069:
1056:
1049:
1035:
1028:
1021:
1007:
998:
987:
983:
968:
957:
947:
945:
935:
926:
916:
914:
906:
905:
898:
888:
886:
878:Shyong, Frank.
876:
872:
862:
860:
850:
846:
836:
834:
821:
820:
813:
803:
801:
794:
788:
784:
779:
756:
751:
749:
742:
737:
735:
732:
725:
722:
713:
708:
699:
696:
687:
686:(soccer player)
681:
672:
671:(soccer player)
666:
657:
612:
581:
544:
497:Central America
481:
409:
391:
390:
389:
388:
373:
372:
371:
363:
362:
351:
332:
324:
319:
292:
271:
239:White Americans
75:
74:
73:
70:
65:
56:
12:
11:
5:
2546:
2536:
2535:
2530:
2525:
2508:
2507:
2500:
2498:
2496:
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2494:
2493:
2488:
2478:
2473:
2468:
2463:
2458:
2452:
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2448:
2438:
2437:
2430:
2423:
2415:
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2397:
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2359:
2352:
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2334:
2332:
2331:
2326:
2321:
2315:
2313:
2309:
2308:
2306:
2305:
2303:Chumash people
2300:
2294:
2292:
2288:
2287:
2285:
2284:
2279:
2274:
2269:
2264:
2259:
2254:
2249:
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2239:
2234:
2229:
2224:
2219:
2214:
2209:
2204:
2198:
2196:
2192:
2191:
2189:
2188:
2183:
2178:
2173:
2172:
2171:
2160:
2158:
2157:Middle Eastern
2154:
2153:
2151:
2150:
2145:
2140:
2135:
2130:
2125:
2120:
2115:
2110:
2105:
2100:
2095:
2090:
2084:
2082:
2078:
2077:
2075:
2074:
2072:South Africans
2069:
2064:
2059:
2054:
2049:
2044:
2039:
2034:
2029:
2027:South Africans
2024:
2019:
2013:
2011:
2007:
2006:
1999:
1997:
1995:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1969:
1964:
1959:
1954:
1948:
1946:
1945:Latin American
1942:
1941:
1934:
1933:
1926:
1919:
1911:
1903:
1902:
1876:
1851:
1832:
1817:
1787:
1757:
1734:
1711:
1688:
1670:
1639:
1614:
1584:
1559:
1529:
1499:
1474:
1444:
1416:
1391:
1365:
1336:
1311:
1285:
1270:
1245:
1216:
1186:
1171:
1153:
1144:|journal=
1118:
1105:10.2307/215525
1099:(2): 183–194.
1078:
1054:
1047:
1026:
1019:
996:
981:
955:
924:
912:Kwintessential
896:
870:
844:
811:
781:
780:
778:
775:
774:
773:
768:
762:
761:
747:
731:
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723:
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714:
709:
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682:
675:
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660:
656:
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645:14 departments
611:
608:
580:
577:
543:
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480:
477:
408:
405:
375:
374:
365:
364:
356:
355:
354:
353:
352:
350:
347:
336:Roman Catholic
331:
328:
323:
320:
318:
315:
291:
288:
273:
272:
270:
269:
262:
255:
247:
244:
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241:
236:
231:
226:
221:
216:
211:
206:
192:
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177:
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137:
127:
117:
112:
107:
102:
97:
89:
88:
82:
81:
72:
71:
66:
59:
57:
50:
47:
46:
45:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2545:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2526:
2524:
2521:
2520:
2518:
2504:
2492:
2489:
2487:
2484:
2483:
2482:
2481:United States
2479:
2477:
2474:
2472:
2469:
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2464:
2462:
2459:
2457:
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2453:
2450:
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2417:
2416:
2413:
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2398:
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2258:
2255:
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2250:
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2200:
2199:
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2187:
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2179:
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2174:
2170:
2167:
2166:
2165:
2162:
2161:
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2155:
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2136:
2134:
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2126:
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2119:
2116:
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2111:
2109:
2106:
2104:
2101:
2099:
2096:
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2083:
2079:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2060:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2014:
2012:
2008:
2003:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1972:Puerto Ricans
1970:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1949:
1947:
1943:
1939:
1932:
1927:
1925:
1920:
1918:
1913:
1912:
1909:
1891:
1887:
1880:
1865:
1861:
1855:
1847:
1843:
1836:
1828:
1821:
1805:
1801:
1797:
1791:
1775:
1771:
1767:
1761:
1745:
1738:
1722:
1715:
1699:
1696:Mejia, Ivan.
1692:
1684:
1680:
1674:
1658:
1654:
1650:
1643:
1628:
1624:
1618:
1602:
1598:
1594:
1588:
1573:
1569:
1563:
1547:
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1539:
1533:
1517:
1513:
1509:
1503:
1488:
1484:
1478:
1462:
1458:
1454:
1448:
1437:September 14,
1433:
1429:
1423:
1421:
1405:
1401:
1395:
1380:
1376:
1373:Dorer, Kiyo.
1369:
1354:
1347:
1340:
1325:
1324:InSight Crime
1321:
1315:
1300:
1296:
1289:
1281:
1274:
1259:
1255:
1249:
1234:
1230:
1223:
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1195:
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1136:
1125:
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1098:
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1059:
1050:
1044:
1040:
1033:
1031:
1022:
1016:
1012:
1005:
1003:
1001:
992:
985:
976:
975:
966:
964:
962:
960:
944:
940:
933:
931:
929:
913:
909:
903:
901:
885:
881:
874:
859:
855:
848:
832:
828:
824:
818:
816:
800:
793:
786:
782:
772:
769:
767:
764:
763:
759:
748:
745:
734:
720:
715:
712:
711:Sabi (singer)
706:
701:
694:
689:
685:
679:
674:
670:
664:
659:
658:
652:
648:
646:
641:
637:
636:
631:
630:
623:
621:
617:
607:
603:
601:
593:
589:
585:
576:
574:
569:
564:
561:
557:
548:
539:
535:
533:
528:
522:
520:
515:
513:
508:
504:
502:
498:
494:
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486:
476:
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469:
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460:
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453:
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429:
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395:
386:
382:
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369:
360:
346:
344:
339:
337:
327:
314:
310:
304:
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296:
287:
284:
280:
268:
263:
261:
256:
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222:
220:
217:
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196:
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143:
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138:
135:
131:
128:
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111:
108:
106:
103:
101:
98:
96:
93:
92:
91:
90:
87:
84:
83:
79:
78:
69:
63:
58:
54:
49:
48:
41:
37:
33:
28:
20:
16:
2490:
2392:
2169:Palestinians
2143:Singaporeans
2088:Bangladeshis
2052:Trinidadians
1961:
1895:November 23,
1893:. Retrieved
1889:
1879:
1869:November 23,
1867:. Retrieved
1863:
1854:
1845:
1841:
1835:
1826:
1820:
1810:November 20,
1808:. Retrieved
1804:the original
1799:
1790:
1780:November 20,
1778:. Retrieved
1774:the original
1769:
1760:
1750:November 20,
1748:. Retrieved
1737:
1727:November 20,
1725:. Retrieved
1714:
1704:November 20,
1702:. Retrieved
1691:
1682:
1673:
1663:November 20,
1661:. Retrieved
1657:the original
1652:
1642:
1632:November 20,
1630:. Retrieved
1626:
1617:
1607:November 20,
1605:. Retrieved
1601:the original
1596:
1593:"El Rescate"
1587:
1577:November 20,
1575:. Retrieved
1571:
1562:
1552:November 20,
1550:. Retrieved
1546:the original
1541:
1532:
1522:November 20,
1520:. Retrieved
1516:the original
1511:
1502:
1492:November 20,
1490:. Retrieved
1486:
1477:
1467:November 20,
1465:. Retrieved
1461:the original
1456:
1447:
1435:. Retrieved
1431:
1409:November 24,
1407:. Retrieved
1403:
1394:
1382:. Retrieved
1378:
1368:
1356:. Retrieved
1352:
1339:
1327:. Retrieved
1323:
1314:
1302:. Retrieved
1298:
1288:
1279:
1273:
1263:November 24,
1261:. Retrieved
1257:
1248:
1238:November 24,
1236:. Retrieved
1233:The Atlantic
1232:
1209:November 24,
1207:. Retrieved
1180:
1174:
1165:
1135:cite journal
1096:
1092:
1072:
1038:
1010:
990:
984:
973:
948:November 24,
946:. Retrieved
942:
917:November 24,
915:. Retrieved
911:
889:November 25,
887:. Retrieved
883:
873:
863:November 25,
861:. Retrieved
857:
847:
837:November 24,
835:. Retrieved
831:the original
826:
804:November 25,
802:. Retrieved
798:
785:
669:Dustin Corea
649:
639:
633:
627:
624:
613:
604:
597:
568:peace treaty
565:
553:
536:
523:
516:
509:
505:
482:
461:
445:
396:
392:
340:
333:
325:
311:
307:
303:San Salvador
290:Demographics
276:
224:Palestinians
123:
15:
2491:Los Angeles
2393:Salvadorans
2388:Los Angeles
2329:Australians
2133:Indonesians
1987:Nicaraguans
1962:Salvadorans
1848:(2): 39–73.
1766:"Education"
1384:February 9,
1358:January 30,
1304:January 16,
616:remittances
592:Salvadorans
452:El Salvador
448:World War I
420:El Salvador
381:Rose Parade
279:Los Angeles
124:Salvadorans
110:Bangladeshi
32:Salvadorans
2517:Categories
2442:Salvadoran
2247:Ukrainians
2232:Hungarians
2207:Bulgarians
2148:Mongolians
2138:Malaysians
2128:Vietnamese
2042:Afro-Asian
2017:Ethiopians
1982:Colombians
1597:El Rescate
1538:"About Us"
1512:El Rescate
1183:: 132–154.
1168:: 275–296.
777:References
566:After the
432:Costa Rica
299:Salvadoran
234:Ukrainians
145:Ethiopians
115:Cambodians
2461:Guatemala
2456:Australia
2262:Romanians
2252:Spaniards
2202:Albanians
2195:Europeans
2176:Armenians
2118:Taiwanese
2098:Filipinos
2067:Nigerians
2062:Jamaicans
2022:Eritreans
1992:Hondurans
1967:Peruvians
1568:"CARECEN"
1508:"History"
428:Nicaragua
416:Guatemala
400:integrate
150:Filipinos
134:Taiwanese
100:Armenians
2466:Honduras
2445:diaspora
2267:Russians
2237:Italians
2186:Israelis
2181:Iranians
2103:Japanese
2057:Haitians
2047:Garifuna
2037:Blaxican
1957:Mexicans
1329:March 9,
1282:: 22–29.
730:See also
532:diaspora
527:ideology
424:Honduras
330:Religion
322:Language
199:Chicanos
195:Mexicans
180:Japanese
175:Italians
170:Israelis
165:Iranians
2486:Houston
2383:Houston
2282:Turkish
2277:English
2222:Germans
2113:Koreans
2108:Indians
2093:Chinese
2032:Mulatto
2010:African
1800:CARECEN
1770:CARECEn
1653:CARECEN
1572:CARECEN
1542:CARECEN
1457:CARECEN
1353:FAS.org
1320:"MS 13"
1299:CFR.org
1280:Dissent
519:Clinton
493:Chicano
317:Culture
190:Koreans
160:Indians
130:Chinese
2471:Mexico
2298:Tongva
2257:Swedes
2227:Greeks
2217:French
1977:Cubans
1683:CHIRLA
1487:CHIRLA
1379:dw.com
1113:215525
1111:
1045:
1017:
440:Belize
436:Panama
349:Family
203:Xicanx
140:Croats
105:Asians
2476:Spain
2312:Other
2272:Poles
2242:Irish
2212:Dutch
2164:Arabs
2123:Thais
2081:Asian
1349:(PDF)
1204:(PDF)
1109:JSTOR
795:(PDF)
485:MS-13
2324:Roma
2319:Jews
1897:2014
1871:2014
1812:2014
1782:2014
1752:2014
1729:2014
1706:2014
1665:2014
1634:2014
1609:2014
1579:2014
1554:2014
1524:2014
1494:2014
1469:2014
1439:2014
1411:2014
1386:2017
1360:2008
1331:2017
1306:2016
1265:2014
1240:2014
1211:2014
1148:help
1043:ISBN
1015:ISBN
950:2014
919:2014
891:2014
865:2014
839:2014
806:2014
632:and
487:and
473:FMLN
466:and
438:and
229:Thai
201:and
185:Jews
1101:doi
42:era
38:in
2519::
1888:.
1862:.
1844:.
1798:.
1768:.
1681:.
1651:.
1625:.
1595:.
1570:.
1540:.
1510:.
1485:.
1455:.
1430:.
1419:^
1402:.
1377:.
1351:.
1322:.
1297:.
1256:.
1231:.
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