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to visit simultaneously. This feature made it possible for humans to remain aboard for several months. Six long-term resident crews were supported by ten short-term visiting crews who typically arrived in newer Soyuz craft and departed in older craft, leaving the newer craft available to the resident crew as a return vehicle, thereby extending the resident crew's stay past the
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1995:. Salyut 7 was part of the transition from monolithic to modular space stations, acting as a testbed for docking of additional modules and expanded station operations. It was the eighth space station of any kind launched. Salyut 7 was the last of both the second generation of DOS-series space stations and of the monolithic Salyut Program overall, to be replaced by
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water, food, clothing, bedding, mail, propellants, pressurant, and other supplies. While the
Progress docked to the station's second docking port, the crew's Soyuz spacecraft could remain docked to the station's first port. The Progress spacecraft even delivered hardware for updating onboard experiments and permitting repairs to the station, extending its life.
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2237:. It was a partnership with stark contrasts – Russia needed an inflow of hard currency to keep their space programme aloft, while in the United States it was seen as a chance to learn from the over 20 years of experience of Soviet space station operations. It was "Phase Two" of this Shuttle–Mir program that would lead to the
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crews achieved, Salyut 6 and 7 accounted for 1,499. While Skylab already featured a second docking port, these two Salyut stations became the first that actually utilised two docking ports: this made it possible for two Soyuz spacecraft to dock at the same time for crew exchange of the station and for
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A total of nine space stations were launched in the Salyut programme, with six successfully hosting crews and setting some records along the way. However, it was the stations Salyut 6 and Salyut 7 that became the workhorses of the programme. Out of the total of 1,697 days of occupancy that all Salyut
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never flew successfully, so OKB-1's decision to abandon the lunar programme and derive a DOS space station from existing Soyuz subsystems and an Almaz/OPS hull proved to be right: The actual time from the DOS station's inception to the launch of the first DOS-based Salyut 1 space station took only 16
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Although little official information has been released about the station, several sources report that it contained multiple Earth-observation cameras, as well as an on-board gun. The station was deorbited and re-entered the atmosphere on 24 January 1975. The next space station launched by the Soviet
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It was realized that the later civilian DOS stations could not only offer a cover story for the military Almaz programme, but could also be finished within one year and at least a year earlier than Almaz. The Salyut programme begun on 15 February 1970 on the condition that the crewed lunar programme
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to allow, for the first time in spaceflight, the addition of several modules to a station core and to create a modular space station. For this, the DOS modules were to be equipped with a total of four docking ports: one docking port at the aft of the station as in the second generation
Salyuts, and
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Salyut 6 was the first "second generation" space station, representing a major breakthrough in capabilities and operational success. In addition to a new propulsion system and its primary scientific instrument—the BST-1M multispectral telescope—the station had two docking ports, allowing two craft
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of Soyuz 10 failed and the crew had to abort this mission. The Soyuz 11 crew achieved successful hard docking and performed experiments in Salyut 1 for 23 days. However, they were killed by asphyxia caused by failure of a valve just prior to Earth reentry, and are the only people to have died above
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space station – the first modular space station, with crewed operations lasting from 1986 to 2000. The station featured upgraded computers and solar arrays, and accommodations for two cosmonauts each having their own cabin. A total of six docking ports were available on the Mir Core Module, which
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at the aft of the stations – crew exchanges and station "handovers" were now made possible by docking two crewed Soyuz spacecraft at the same time. Furthermore, the uncrewed
Progress resupply craft was created based on the crewed Soyuz, to resupply the crew and station with air, air regenerators,
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and three launched stations which quickly failed. Earlier successful stations received few crews, limited to several weeks' habitation by the design life of their Soyuz craft and the presence of a single docking port per station; unsuccessful docking was also common. Salyut 6 on the other hand
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Salyut 3 would make history, by conducting the first test-fire of a conventional weapon in space. During Salyut 3’s mission span, cosmonauts would fire the onboard 23mm cannon, which was reported to be a modified
Nudelman aircraft cannon. To operate the cannon, the crew had to maneuver the whole
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was vital for evolving space station technology from a basic, engineering development stage, from single docking port stations to complex, multi-ported, long-term orbital outposts with impressive scientific capabilities, whose technological legacy continues as of 2023. Experience gained from the
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The first generation of Salyut stations received few craft for rendezvous and docking. By contrast the programme's second generation stations, Salyut 6 and Salyut 7, received multiple crewed and uncrewed craft for rendezvous, docking attempts (whether successful or not), human habitation, crew
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From 1977-1981, the station was occupied by human crews during six separate, discontinuous intervals, each coterminous with the presence of a resident crew who were first-in, last-out while support crew visited. Between each of these intervals Salyut 6 was vacant, although it was visited by
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had the space-race task of carrying out long-term research into the problems of living in space and a variety of astronomical, biological and Earth-resources experiments, and on the other hand, the USSR used this civilian programme as a cover for the highly secretive military
1688:, remained docked to the station for three months, proving the system's long-term durability despite some deterioration of the environmental system during Soyuz 18's mission. Salyut 4 was deorbited February 2, 1977, and re-entered the Earth's atmosphere on February 3.
1828:. Salyut 6 was the first space station to receive large numbers of crewed and uncrewed spacecraft for human habitation, crew transfer, international participation and resupply, establishing precedents for station life and operations which were enhanced on
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Although Salyut 6 and Salyut 7 resembled the previous Salyut stations in overall design, several revolutionary changes were made to the stations and programme for the aim of continuous occupation. The new stations featured a longer design life and a second
1095:, but OKB-52's Almaz-OPS hull design was combined with subsystems derived from OKB-1's Soyuz. This was done beginning with conceptual work in August 1969. The DOS differed from the OPS modules in several aspects, including extra solar panels, front and (in
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were used for space station modules and visiting spacecraft – the docking sphere design had been upgraded from its initial Salyut design to contain a maximum of five docking ports (front, port, starboard, zenith and nadir). And finally, the modules for
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military space station to fly. Within two weeks of its launch, the station had lost altitude control and depressurized, leaving it unusable. Its orbit decayed and it re-entered the atmosphere on 28 May 1973, without any crews having visited
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space station in the direction of the target. Sources state that the firing was to deplete the ammunition on the craft. However, others sources say that the station conducted 3 tests of the gun through the whole mission span of Salyut 3.
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nations had crumbled away, leaving the industry of the former Soviet Union in shambles. Not only did the political change in eastern Europe signify an end of contributions to the space programme by eastern
European nations (such as the
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It attained an altitude of 219 to 270 km on launch and NASA reported its final orbital altitude was 268 to 272 km. Only one of the three intended crews successfully boarded and operated the station, brought by
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launch vehicle prevented the station from achieving orbit. It instead fell into the
Pacific Ocean. The station, which would have been given the designation Salyut 2 had it reached orbit, was structurally identical to
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In 1977, another marked step forward was made with the second generation of Salyut stations. The aim was to continuously occupy a space station with long-duration expeditions, for the first time in spaceflight.
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program to disguise its true military nature. Due to the military nature of the station, the Soviet Union was reluctant to release information about its design, and about the missions relating to the station.
1402:) following the deaths of the crew of Soyuz 11, the spacecraft could only carry two cosmonauts, thus DOS-2 would have had two crews of two. Following the loss of the station, the crews were transferred to the
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space station and two docked spacecraft. On the left a Soyuz can be seen docked to the fore port, and on the right a
Progress is docked at the aft port. The display is in front of one of the pavilions of the
1824:, the eighth station of the Salyut programme, and alternatively known DOS-5 as it was the fifth of the Durable Orbital Station series of civilian space stations. It was launched on 29 September 1977 by a
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until it consumed all of its attitude control fuel and became uncontrollable before raising its orbit to the desired altitude. Since the spacecraft was already in orbit and had been registered by
Western
1068:(OKB-52) organization as military space stations, long before the Salyut programme started. For Salyut, small modifications had to be made to the docking port of the OPS to accommodate
919:. It involved a series of four crewed scientific research space stations and two crewed military reconnaissance space stations over a period of 15 years, from 1971 to 1986. Two other
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programme. These cosmonauts were the first spacefarers from countries other than the Soviet Union or the United States. Salyut 6 was visited and resupplied by twelve uncrewed
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The heritage from the Almaz programme is present even today. While the last space station from the Almaz programme was flown as Salyut 5 in 1976, the development of the Almaz
955:, including several mission-duration records, and achieved the first orbital handover of a space station from one crew to another, and various spacewalk records. The ensuing
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The success of Salyut 6 contrasted with the programme's earlier failures and limited successes. The early history of the programme was plagued by the fatalities of
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1159:. Another explanation given is that the name might have offended the Chinese, who purportedly were preparing a new rocket for launch, which they had already named
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transfer, and supply. The table counts craft which achieved rendezvous with their targets as visiting craft, regardless of whether they docked successfully.
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airframes, and was made out of five components: a transfer compartment, a main compartment, two auxiliary compartments, and the Orion 1 Space
Observatory.
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First generation served as a space station engineering test bed. Aim was from early Almaz beginnings to construct long-living multi-modular stations.
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3015:(Translated in JPRS Report, Science & Technology, Central Eurasia: Space, June 28, 1993 (JPRSUSP-93-003) ed.). Rossiskiye Vesti. p. 67.
1961:. Various crew and modules were used over its lifetime, including 12 crewed and 15 uncrewed launches in total. Supporting spacecraft included the
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While the station cores DOS-7 and DOS-8 were built and flown, they never received the Salyut designation. Instead, DOS-7 evolved into the
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in 1993. The former adversaries would now cooperate, with "Phase One" consisting of joint missions and flights of the United States
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Solid and dashed black arrows indicate modules intended for Mir, containing influences from OPS with the addition of space tugs
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The large horizontal arrows trace the evolution of the two Soviet space station programmes DOS (top) and Almaz-OPS (bottom)
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the replacement of the front docking port with a "docking sphere" containing a front port and starboard docking port.
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organisation. Korolev and
Chelomey had been in fierce competition in the Soviet space industry during the time of the
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to resupply the station, allowing for the first time a continuous ("permanent") occupation of space stations.
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followed this with five more successful launches of seven more stations. The final module of the program,
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effort as a dead-end and immediately switched to working on DOS. In the end it turned out that the Soviet
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months; the world's first space station was launched by the Soviet Union, two years before the American
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routinely received successful dockings of crewed and uncrewed craft, although the first visiting craft
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suffered a launch abort). The second stay was for 63 days duration, and an unmanned capsule, called
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After the second generation, plans for the next generation of Salyut stations called for the cores
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The heritage of the Salyut programme continued to live on in the first multi-module space station
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series, became one of the first modules of the ISS. The first module of the ISS, the Russian-made
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of the Soyuz. Short-term visiting crews routinely included international cosmonauts from
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For comparison, the DOS-7 and DOS-8 modules that were derived from the Salyut programme:
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and burn up a week later. It was revealed to have been a Salyut station only much later.
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Mockup of Soyuz and Progress spacecraft docked to Salyut 6, Moscow Polytechnical Museum
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from April 1982 to February 1991. It was first crewed in May 1982 with two crew via
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continued to be developed during Salyut 7, becoming the Mir Core Module of the
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Spacecraft: 100 Iconic Rockets, Shuttles, and Satellites that put us in Space
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which was launched in 1973 as part of the Salyut programme. It was the first
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Dark gray arrows trace the infusions from the Soyuz and OPS programmes to DOS
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were derived from the Functional Cargo Block design of the Almaz programme.
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space station that followed the Salyut programme, and DOS-8 was used as the
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Whilst Salyut 1 had been attempted to be visited by two three-person crews (
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Notes: † Never inhabited due to launch or on-orbit failure, ‡ Part of the
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3486:(2nd ed.). California State University. NASA CR-180920; N87-21996.
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module (which was derived from Almaz Functional Cargo Block designs).
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during its periods of vacancy. Following the launch of successor
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This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
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This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
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662:
657:
588:
576:
504:
459:
3811:
3069:
Outposts on the Frontier: A Fifty-Year History of Space Stations
1190:("DOS-7"), that accumulated 4,592 days of occupancy, and in the
1116:
would not suffer. However, the engineers at OKB-1 perceived the
5838:
5239:
5206:
5110:
4089:
2222:
2207:
1657:
1646:
1567:
1492:
1126:
964:
stations paved the way for multimodular space stations such as
524:
1218:
5543:
5005:
4546:
military program, ° Never inhabited, lacks docking mechanism.
4543:
4302:
4024:
3842:
3623:
3584:
2423:
2288:
2003:
1732:
1653:
1559:
1511:
1446:
1326:
1319:
1282:
1056:
981:
930:
766:
411:
394:
6656:
R-7 (including Semyorka, Molniya, Vostok, Voskhod and Soyuz)
2217:
It was during this time of transition and upheaval that the
2295:. Finally, it became the International Space Station (ISS)
1778:
2159:
in the 1980s, had reached a preliminary endpoint with the
1945:) (a.k.a. DOS-6, short for Durable Orbital Station) was a
1735:
space station to be launched for the Soviet military. Two
1151:– therefore the name of the space stations was changed to
5927:
5082:
5025:
4067:
2735:
2265:
2234:
2147:
in Russia. This dissolution had started with the Soviet "
2103:
2085:
1996:
1829:
1182:
1014:
966:
400:
383:
3440:. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 291–.
3176:
3035:. NASA History Series. Vol. 4. NASA. p. 306.
2302:
and formed the core of the early ISS together with the
1748:
Second generation – long-duration inhabitation of space
1169:, chairman of the state commission for Soyuz missions.
3268:
3159:
2902:
List of uncrewed spaceflights to Salyut space stations
2143:
in December 1991, ending what was begun with the 1917
3297:
Anatoly Zak. "OPS-2 (Salyut-3)". RussianSpaceWeb.com.
3259:
3096:
Salyut - The First Space Station: Triumph and Tragedy
2932:
Salyut - The First Space Station: Triumph and Tragedy
2175:), finally to reach the Soviet Union itself in 1991.
1979:
Salyut programme, and launched on 19 April 1982 on a
1583:
attempted to bring a second crew but failed to dock.
1060:
space station cores were designed in October 1964 by
4861:
3382:
3380:
3378:
3376:
3374:
3204:
2928:
2849:
2244:
5658:
2882:
List of human spaceflights to Salyut space stations
1004:
67:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
3938:
3313:. Minneapolis: Quarto/Voyageur. pp. 132–135.
3250:
3184:"Central Intelligence Bulletin: USSR 29 Jul 72, 8"
3167:"Central Intelligence Bulletin: USSR 29 Jul 72, 7"
3026:Chertok, Boris E. (2011). Siddiqi, Asif A. (ed.).
3013:We will Build a Space Station for a Piece of Bread
1915:Exhibition of Soviet National Economic Achievement
1668:of 51.6 degrees. It was essentially a copy of the
1304:. Salyut 1's mission was later terminated, and it
1211:ISS module being still in operation together with
997:, relied heavily on technologies developed in the
5566:Soviet space exploration history on Soviet stamps
3371:
3019:
1739:missions visited the station, each crewed by two
911:, meaning "salute" or "fireworks") was the first
6854:
4583:
3277:
3072:. University of Nebraska Press. pp. 85–86.
1274:, became the core of the Russian segment of the
974:(ISS), with each of those stations possessing a
3300:
3243:
3241:
3200:
3198:
3196:
3099:. Springer Science+Business Media. p. 56.
2924:
2922:
2920:
2918:
2916:
1165:or "Dawn". The Salyut programme was managed by
1132:Initially, the space stations were to be named
6396:Timeline of first Earth observation satellites
3344:
1848:countries participating in the Soviet Union's
1483:), originally designated DOS-3, was the third
5644:
4847:
4569:
4223:Orbital Technologies Commercial Space Station
3924:
3827:
3548:
3477:Bluth, B. J.; Helppie, Martha (August 1986).
3433:
3327:
1692:
1522:
1410:
868:
6832:Timeline of first images of Earth from space
3476:
3350:
3307:Giuseppe De Chiara; Michael H. Gorn (2018).
3238:
3223:
3193:
2913:
1999:, the modular, expandable, third generation.
1558:launched on 25 June 1974. It was the second
1308:into Earth's atmosphere on October 11, 1971.
3427:
2957:"Russianspaceweb.com – The Almaz programme"
1219:First generation – The first space stations
5651:
5637:
4854:
4840:
4576:
4562:
3931:
3917:
3834:
3820:
3555:
3541:
2988:
2986:
2984:
2071:
2004:Salyut's heritage – modular space stations
1786:) space station with two docked spacecraft
1020:Development of the Soviet space stations:
875:
861:
157:
30:For the aircraft engine manufacturer, see
5532:Pilot-Cosmonaut of the Russian Federation
3092:
2935:. Springer Science & Business Media.
127:Learn how and when to remove this message
2929:Grujica S. Ivanovich (22 October 2008).
2269:
2089:
1903:
1777:
1751:
1610:
1551:; also known as OPS-2 or Almaz 2) was a
3524:"Skylab-Salyut Space Laboratory (1972)"
3492:
3390:was invoked but never defined (see the
3337:was invoked but never defined (see the
3229:
3122:
3065:
3025:
2981:
2968:
2966:
2949:
2206:, which was similarly cash-strapped as
1398:spacecraft (resulting in the new model
987:(DOS-8), the final spacecraft from the
515:Orion 1 and Orion 2 Space Observatories
14:
6855:
4492:Space stations and habitats in fiction
4487:List of films featuring space stations
4410:Japanese Space Station Module (Mitsui)
3010:
2972:
2182:and was in a position to continue the
1652:launched on December 26, 1974 into an
1281:Salyut 1 was modified from one of the
5632:
4835:
4557:
3912:
3815:
3536:
3118:
3116:
2054:, which formed the basis for several
1460:These paragraphs are an excerpt from
1454:
1129:or the first Almaz/OPS station flew.
1083:space station cores were designed by
906:
847:List of Soviet and Russian cosmonauts
6213:Spaceflight-related human fatalities
3562:
3502:. NASA. NASA RP-1357. Archived from
3464:(DOS-8) as of 18 May 2021.
2994:"Encyclopedia Astronautica – Salyut"
2963:
1957:, and last visited in June 1986, by
65:adding citations to reliable sources
36:
5576:Monument to the Conquerors of Space
3493:Portree, David S. F. (March 1995).
3385:
3332:
1899:
1773:
1606:
1226:
978:-derived core module at its heart.
32:Salyut Machine-Building Association
24:
6765:Communications satellite companies
5009:(incorporated into Salyut program)
3354:The Story of Manned Space Stations
3113:
1727:. Launched in 1976 as part of the
1394:), following modifications to the
25:
6884:
6810:First orbital launches by country
3976:International Space Station (ISS)
3960:List of commercial space stations
3841:
3470:
1880:failed to dock with the station.
923:launches failed. In one respect,
6837:Timeline of longest spaceflights
5618:Russian Aerospace Defence Forces
4937:
4178:Bigelow Commercial Space Station
3989:
3613:
3516:"Diaries of the Salyut missions"
3480:Soviet Space Stations as Analogs
3386:Cite error: The named reference
3333:Cite error: The named reference
3285:"Salyut 3 - NSSDC ID: 1974-046A"
3147:
3047:
2866:
2852:
1922:This section is an excerpt from
1791:This section is an excerpt from
1698:This section is an excerpt from
1623:This section is an excerpt from
1590:; the next military station was
1528:This section is an excerpt from
1416:This section is an excerpt from
1318:This section is an excerpt from
1232:This section is an excerpt from
1013:
1005:History of Salyut space stations
41:
6842:Timeline of private spaceflight
6516:Super heavy-lift launch vehicle
6376:Communications satellite firsts
5581:Memorial Museum of Cosmonautics
4338:Russian Orbital Service Station
3454:
3397:
3291:
3207:Salyut: The First Space Station
2060:Polyus orbital weapons platform
1586:Union was the civilian station
934:stations, which flew under the
52:needs additional citations for
3093:Ivanovich, Grujica S. (2008).
3086:
3059:
3011:Payson, Dmitri (1 June 1993).
3004:
1720:), also known as OPS-3, was a
1038:The programme was composed of
152:Salyut Kosmicheskaya Programma
27:Soviet space station programme
13:
1:
6777:Private spaceflight companies
5720:Rocket and missile technology
5527:Cosmonaut ranks and positions
3434:David Shayler (3 June 2004).
3357:. New York: Springer-Praxis.
3205:Grujica S. Ivanovich (2008).
3123:Portree, David (March 1995).
2907:
2309:
2291:project, intended to replace
2163:and the end of the communist
1645:translation: Salute 4) was a
1495:, it was renamed Kosmos-557.
1093:Soviet crewed lunar programme
1047:OPS (Orbital Piloted Station)
1041:DOS (Durable Orbital Station)
915:programme, undertaken by the
6391:Earth observation satellites
6246:Cumulative spacewalk records
5067:Soviet crewed lunar programs
4405:Bharatiya Antariksha Station
4193:Exploration Gateway Platform
3981:Tiangong space station (TSS)
3351:Philip Baker (1 June 2007).
2221:was established between the
2188:Russian Federal Space Agency
1731:, it was the third and last
333:Soviet crewed lunar programs
7:
6815:First satellites by country
5127:International Space Station
2845:
2838:
2822:
2806:
2803:
2800:
2797:
2769:
2766:
2763:
2760:
2757:
2754:
2723:
2720:
2717:
2714:
2711:
2708:
2684:
2681:
2678:
2675:
2672:
2669:
2645:
2642:
2639:
2636:
2633:
2630:
2606:
2603:
2600:
2597:
2594:
2591:
2567:
2564:
2561:
2558:
2555:
2552:
2528:
2525:
2522:
2519:
2516:
2513:
2487:
2484:
2481:
2478:
2475:
2472:
2448:
2445:
2442:
2439:
2436:
2433:
2414:
2411:
2408:
2405:
2402:
2399:
2239:International Space Station
2037:International Space Station
1834:International Space Station
1276:International Space Station
1192:International Space Station
972:International Space Station
150:Салют Космическая Программа
10:
6889:
6506:Medium-lift launch vehicle
6307:Objects at Lagrange points
4698:Command and service module
4208:Manned Orbiting Laboratory
2887:List of Salyut expeditions
2728:
2251:
2248:ISS Service Module (DOS-8)
2141:Soviet Union was dissolved
2075:
2058:modules, the experimental
1921:
1817:'Salute 6') was a
1790:
1697:
1693:Salyut 5 (OPS-3, military)
1622:
1527:
1523:Salyut 3 (OPS-2, military)
1501:while out of the range of
1459:
1415:
1411:Salyut 2 (OPS-1, military)
1333:, launched as part of the
1317:
1231:
1145:RKA Mission Control Center
543:Expendable launch vehicles
349:Human spaceflight programs
29:
6800:
6755:
6739:
6524:
6511:Heavy-lift launch vehicle
6501:Small-lift launch vehicle
6444:
6364:
6290:Landings on other planets
6268:
6221:
6093:
6065:
6037:
5977:
5925:
5882:
5737:
5728:
5680:
5667:
5607:
5514:
5498:
5447:
5393:
5344:
5300:
5181:
5170:
5150:
5119:
5051:
4983:
4972:
4946:
4935:
4886:
4873:
4808:
4730:
4647:
4596:
4540:
4479:
4428:
4397:
4377:
4346:
4330:
4323:
4258:
4203:Industrial Space Facility
4165:
4158:
4126:
4098:
4077:
4005:
3998:
3987:
3968:
3950:
3880:
3849:
3790:
3749:
3713:
3685:
3658:
3622:
3611:
3570:
2897:List of Salyut spacewalks
2124:
1942:
1938:
1807:
1713:
1638:
1548:
1544:
1476:
1431:
1248:
1155:shortly before launch of
1103:) rear docking ports for
899:
299:
291:
281:
276:
266:
258:
250:
240:
230:
217:
209:
204:
196:
186:
176:
171:
156:
149:
6792:Spacecraft manufacturers
6327:leaving the Solar System
5613:Space industry of Russia
1908:A full-scale model of a
1505:, the station fired its
1312:
1287:Salyut 1 was visited by
1251:) was the world's first
6206:timeline by nationality
5672:Timeline of spaceflight
5135:Russian Orbital Segment
3256:Hall and Shayer (2003).
3125:"Mir Hardware Heritage"
2892:List of Salyut visitors
2214:for its contributions.
2094:DOS-7 (Mir Core Module)
2072:Mir Core Module (DOS-7)
1263:on April 19, 1971. The
1255:; it was launched into
6825:Constellation missions
6452:Orbital launch systems
6344:Timeline of satellites
6285:Interplanetary voyages
3955:List of space stations
3234:. RussianSpaceWeb.com.
3130:. NASA. Archived from
2975:"Salyut 1, its origin"
2281:
2262:Functional Cargo Block
2210:and started to demand
2095:
2082:Functional Cargo Block
2052:Functional Cargo Block
1918:
1787:
1757:
1664:of 343 km and an
1619:
1594:, which was the final
1278:and remains in orbit.
1203:Functional Cargo Block
1044:civilian stations and
951:flights broke several
747:Konstantin Tsiolkovsky
6740:Launches by spaceport
6349:Sample-return mission
5863:Civilian spaceflight
4867:Russian space program
4415:Lunar Orbital Station
3572:Salyut stations (DOS)
3496:Mir Hardware Heritage
3066:Chladek, Jay (2017).
2273:
2093:
2039:(ISS) which followed
1907:
1822:orbital space station
1781:
1755:
1670:DOS 3 (or Kosmos 557)
1614:
1499:flight control system
1497:Due to errors in the
1122:N1 "Moon Shot" rocket
1066:NPO Mashinostroyeniya
792:Konstantin Feoktistov
777:Alexander Kemurdzhian
6464:Sounding rocket list
6403:Geosynchronous orbit
6339:Missions to the Moon
6111:by year of selection
4929:Vostochny Cosmodrome
3624:Almaz stations (OPS)
2184:Soviet space program
1306:burned up on reentry
782:Valentina Tereshkova
324:Soviet space program
61:improve this article
6868:1973 in spaceflight
6863:1971 in spaceflight
6801:Other mission lists
6782:Rocket launch sites
6756:Agencies, companies
6052:Crewed Spaceflights
5710:Spaceflight records
5662:lists and timelines
5554:Veterok and Ugolyok
4921:Svobodny Cosmodrome
4916:Plesetsk Cosmodrome
4894:Baikonur Cosmodrome
4703:Apollo Lunar Module
4166:Individual projects
3705:Kosmos 1686 (TKS-4)
3700:Kosmos 1443 (TKS-3)
3695:Kosmos 1267 (TKS-2)
3409:www.astronautix.com
3209:. Springer-Praxis.
3137:on 7 September 2009
2874:Soviet Union portal
2788:ISS Service Module
2254:Zvezda (ISS module)
2219:Shuttle–Mir program
2161:revolutions of 1989
2068:module of the ISS.
1989:Baikonur Cosmodrome
1975:It was part of the
1854:Progress spacecraft
1666:orbital inclination
1175:Progress spacecraft
1050:military stations:
953:spaceflight records
797:Mikhail Tikhonravov
510:Astron (spacecraft)
391:(lunar Soyuz 7K-L1)
277:Vehicle information
231:First crewed flight
146:
6701:Thor DM-21 Agena-B
6691:Thor DM-18 Agena-A
6604:Falcon 9 and Heavy
6300:artificial objects
6251:Longest spacewalks
5814:Vostok and Voskhod
5600:(1997 documentary)
5592:(1995 documentary)
5589:Out of the Present
5522:List of cosmonauts
5499:Images and artwork
5439:Deep Space Network
5086:(Mars/Venus flyby)
4533:(2016 documentary)
4530:A Beautiful Planet
4525:(2009 documentary)
4517:(2008 documentary)
4509:(2002 documentary)
4501:(1997 documentary)
4446:McKendree cylinder
4259:Incorporated into
4183:Deep Space Habitat
3590:Kosmos 557 (DOS-3)
3232:"OPS-2 (Salyut-3)"
3029:Rockets and People
2860:Spaceflight portal
2282:
2258:Zarya (ISS module)
2223:Russian Federation
2145:October Revolution
2096:
1919:
1788:
1758:
1660:of 355 km, a
1620:
1516:Earth's atmosphere
1455:Kosmos 557 (DOS-3)
1382:Vitaly Sevastyanov
318:of articles on the
166:programme insignia
141:
76:"Salyut programme"
6850:
6849:
6264:
6263:
5745:Crewed spacecraft
5730:Human spaceflight
5688:Space exploration
5626:
5625:
5549:Belka and Strelka
5539:Soviet space dogs
5401:Sputnik programme
5389:
5388:
5322:
5277:
5256:
5235:
5166:
5165:
5131:
5087:
5079:
5071:
5063:
5035:
5022:
5010:
4974:Human spaceflight
4925:
4902:
4829:
4828:
4585:Crewed spacecraft
4551:
4550:
4514:Orphans of Apollo
4393:
4392:
4319:
4318:
4154:
4153:
3906:
3905:
3873:
3809:
3808:
3799:Return from Orbit
3651:
3509:on 19 April 2003.
3447:978-1-85233-710-0
3415:on 20 August 2016
3388:Salyut 7 portree1
3364:978-0-387-30775-6
3320:978-0-760-35418-6
3265:Zimmerman (2003).
3216:978-0-387-73585-6
3106:978-0-387-73585-6
3079:978-0-8032-2292-2
3042:978-0-16-089559-3
2942:978-0-387-73973-1
2843:
2842:
2748:19 February 1986
2661:29 September 1977
2619:OPS-3 (military)
2541:OPS-2 (military)
2461:OPS-1 (military)
2287:evolved into the
2235:Mir space station
2157:Mikhail Gorbachev
2050:evolved into the
1816:
1507:attitude thruster
1062:Vladimir Chelomey
908:[sɐˈlʲut]
885:
884:
812:Vladimir Chelomey
380:
309:
308:
300:Launch vehicle(s)
282:Crewed vehicle(s)
205:Programme history
137:
136:
129:
111:
16:(Redirected from
6880:
6182:Space travelers
6178:Space scientists
6166:African American
5735:
5734:
5653:
5646:
5639:
5630:
5629:
5571:Cosmonauts Alley
5434:Luch (satellite)
5320:
5292:
5275:
5254:
5233:
5179:
5178:
5129:
5085:
5077:
5069:
5061:
5033:
5020:
5008:
4981:
4980:
4941:
4923:
4896:
4856:
4849:
4842:
4833:
4832:
4578:
4571:
4564:
4555:
4554:
4506:Space Station 3D
4461:Space settlement
4451:O'Neill cylinder
4328:
4327:
4163:
4162:
4106:Tiangong program
4003:
4002:
3993:
3933:
3926:
3919:
3910:
3909:
3893:Salyut programme
3871:
3864:Salyut 5 (OPS-3)
3859:Salyut 3 (OPS-2)
3854:Salyut 2 (OPS-1)
3836:
3829:
3822:
3813:
3812:
3649:
3642:Salyut 5 (OPS-3)
3637:Salyut 3 (OPS-2)
3632:Salyut 2 (OPS-1)
3617:
3605:Salyut 7 (DOS-6)
3600:Salyut 6 (DOS-5)
3595:Salyut 4 (DOS-4)
3580:Salyut 1 (DOS-1)
3564:Salyut programme
3557:
3550:
3543:
3534:
3533:
3510:
3508:
3501:
3487:
3485:
3465:
3458:
3452:
3451:
3437:Walking in Space
3431:
3425:
3424:
3422:
3420:
3411:. Archived from
3401:
3395:
3389:
3384:
3369:
3368:
3348:
3342:
3336:
3331:
3325:
3324:
3304:
3298:
3295:
3289:
3288:
3281:
3275:
3272:
3266:
3263:
3257:
3254:
3248:
3245:
3236:
3235:
3227:
3221:
3220:
3202:
3191:
3190:
3188:
3180:
3174:
3173:
3171:
3163:
3157:
3151:
3150:
3146:
3144:
3142:
3136:
3129:
3120:
3111:
3110:
3090:
3084:
3083:
3063:
3057:
3051:
3050:
3046:
3034:
3023:
3017:
3016:
3008:
3002:
3001:
2996:. Archived from
2990:
2979:
2978:
2970:
2961:
2960:
2953:
2947:
2946:
2926:
2876:
2871:
2870:
2869:
2862:
2857:
2856:
2855:
2836:
2820:
2583:26 December 1974
2318:
2317:
2126:
2119:space station –
2115:The name of the
1944:
1940:
1900:Salyut 7 (DOS-6)
1811:
1809:
1774:Salyut 6 (DOS-5)
1729:Salyut programme
1715:
1640:
1631:Salyut 4 (DOS 4)
1607:Salyut 4 (DOS-4)
1550:
1546:
1478:
1433:
1335:Salyut programme
1250:
1227:Salyut 1 (DOS-1)
1105:Soyuz spacecraft
1070:Soyuz spacecraft
1049:
1043:
1017:
910:
905:
901:
877:
870:
863:
807:Valentin Glushko
757:Mstislav Keldysh
752:Friedrich Zander
490:Lunokhod program
378:
311:
310:
172:Program overview
161:
147:
140:
132:
125:
121:
118:
112:
110:
69:
45:
37:
21:
6888:
6887:
6883:
6882:
6881:
6879:
6878:
6877:
6853:
6852:
6851:
6846:
6802:
6796:
6757:
6751:
6735:
6686:Thor DM-18 Able
6594:Delta IV Medium
6526:
6520:
6496:Sounding rocket
6440:
6367:
6360:
6271:
6260:
6217:
6191:by first flight
6089:
6061:
6033:
5973:
5921:
5878:
5724:
5676:
5663:
5657:
5627:
5622:
5603:
5510:
5506:Mission patches
5494:
5443:
5385:
5340:
5296:
5290:
5174:
5162:
5146:
5115:
5047:
4976:
4968:
4947:Launch vehicles
4942:
4933:
4882:
4869:
4860:
4830:
4825:
4804:
4726:
4643:
4592:
4582:
4552:
4547:
4536:
4475:
4424:
4420:Voyager Station
4389:
4373:
4342:
4315:
4254:
4188:Excalibur Almaz
4150:
4122:
4094:
4073:
4007:
3994:
3985:
3964:
3946:
3937:
3907:
3902:
3898:Excalibur Almaz
3876:
3845:
3840:
3810:
3805:
3786:
3745:
3709:
3681:
3654:
3618:
3609:
3566:
3561:
3506:
3499:
3483:
3473:
3468:
3459:
3455:
3448:
3432:
3428:
3418:
3416:
3403:
3402:
3398:
3387:
3372:
3365:
3349:
3345:
3334:
3328:
3321:
3305:
3301:
3296:
3292:
3283:
3282:
3278:
3273:
3269:
3264:
3260:
3255:
3251:
3247:Portree (1995).
3246:
3239:
3228:
3224:
3217:
3203:
3194:
3186:
3182:
3181:
3177:
3169:
3165:
3164:
3160:
3148:
3140:
3138:
3134:
3127:
3121:
3114:
3107:
3091:
3087:
3080:
3064:
3060:
3048:
3045:. SP-2011-4110.
3043:
3032:
3024:
3020:
3009:
3005:
3000:on 2 June 2002.
2992:
2991:
2982:
2971:
2964:
2955:
2954:
2950:
2943:
2927:
2914:
2910:
2872:
2867:
2865:
2858:
2853:
2851:
2848:
2831:
2825:
2824:
2815:
2809:
2808:
2795:Still in orbit
2792:
2787:
2781:
2752:
2744:Mir Core Module
2742:
2706:
2705:7 February 1991
2701:
2667:
2662:
2628:
2623:
2589:
2588:3 February 1977
2584:
2550:
2549:24 January 1975
2545:
2511:
2506:
2494:
2470:
2465:
2397:
2396:11 October 1971
2392:
2375:
2369:
2367:
2360:
2358:
2352:
2349:
2343:
2338:
2327:
2322:
2312:
2268:
2252:Main articles:
2250:
2200:Carl Zeiss Jena
2088:
2078:Mir Core Module
2076:Main articles:
2074:
2022:Mir Core Module
2006:
2001:
2000:
1951:low Earth orbit
1927:
1902:
1897:
1896:
1796:
1776:
1750:
1745:
1744:
1703:
1695:
1690:
1689:
1628:
1609:
1600:
1599:
1533:
1525:
1520:
1519:
1465:
1457:
1452:
1451:
1421:
1413:
1408:
1407:
1369:Aleksei Gubarev
1323:
1315:
1310:
1309:
1257:low Earth orbit
1237:
1229:
1221:
1194:(ISS) with the
1188:Mir Core Module
1118:L3 lunar lander
1072:in addition to
1045:
1039:
1036:
1035:
1034:
1033:
1032:
1018:
1007:
957:Soyuz programme
903:
881:
852:
851:
842:
832:
831:
742:
741:Notable figures
734:
733:
545:
535:
534:
505:Marsnik program
445:Sputnik program
440:
430:
429:
351:
167:
151:
133:
122:
116:
113:
70:
68:
58:
46:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6886:
6876:
6875:
6873:Salyut program
6870:
6865:
6848:
6847:
6845:
6844:
6839:
6834:
6829:
6828:
6827:
6817:
6812:
6806:
6804:
6798:
6797:
6795:
6794:
6789:
6787:Space agencies
6784:
6779:
6774:
6773:
6772:
6761:
6759:
6758:and facilities
6753:
6752:
6750:
6749:
6743:
6741:
6737:
6736:
6734:
6733:
6728:
6723:
6718:
6713:
6708:
6703:
6698:
6693:
6688:
6683:
6678:
6676:Thor and Delta
6673:
6668:
6663:
6658:
6653:
6648:
6643:
6638:
6633:
6628:
6623:
6618:
6617:
6616:
6611:
6601:
6596:
6591:
6589:Delta IV Heavy
6586:
6581:
6576:
6571:
6566:
6561:
6556:
6551:
6546:
6541:
6536:
6530:
6528:
6527:by rocket type
6522:
6521:
6519:
6518:
6513:
6508:
6503:
6498:
6493:
6488:
6487:
6486:
6481:
6476:
6466:
6461:
6460:
6459:
6448:
6446:
6442:
6441:
6439:
6438:
6433:
6428:
6423:
6422:Magnetospheric
6420:
6415:
6410:
6405:
6400:
6399:
6398:
6388:
6383:
6378:
6372:
6370:
6366:Earth-orbiting
6362:
6361:
6359:
6358:
6357:
6356:
6346:
6341:
6336:
6335:
6334:
6329:
6324:
6319:
6309:
6304:
6303:
6302:
6297:
6287:
6282:
6276:
6274:
6266:
6265:
6262:
6261:
6259:
6258:
6253:
6248:
6243:
6238:
6233:
6227:
6225:
6219:
6218:
6216:
6215:
6210:
6209:
6208:
6203:
6198:
6196:by nationality
6193:
6188:
6180:
6175:
6174:
6173:
6168:
6163:
6158:
6153:
6148:
6143:
6138:
6133:
6128:
6123:
6118:
6113:
6108:
6097:
6095:
6091:
6090:
6088:
6087:
6082:
6077:
6071:
6069:
6063:
6062:
6060:
6059:
6054:
6049:
6043:
6041:
6035:
6034:
6032:
6031:
6026:
6021:
6016:
6015:
6014:
6009:
6001:
6000:
5999:
5994:
5983:
5981:
5975:
5974:
5972:
5971:
5966:
5961:
5960:
5959:
5954:
5946:
5945:
5944:
5933:
5931:
5923:
5922:
5920:
5919:
5914:
5909:
5908:
5907:
5902:
5894:
5888:
5886:
5880:
5879:
5877:
5876:
5875:
5874:
5869:
5861:
5856:
5851:
5846:
5841:
5836:
5831:
5826:
5821:
5816:
5811:
5806:
5801:
5800:
5799:
5794:
5789:
5784:
5779:
5774:
5769:
5759:
5758:
5757:
5752:
5741:
5739:
5732:
5726:
5725:
5723:
5722:
5717:
5712:
5707:
5702:
5701:
5700:
5695:
5684:
5682:
5678:
5677:
5675:
5674:
5668:
5665:
5664:
5656:
5655:
5648:
5641:
5633:
5624:
5623:
5621:
5620:
5615:
5608:
5605:
5604:
5602:
5601:
5597:Mission to Mir
5593:
5585:
5584:
5583:
5573:
5568:
5563:
5561:Ivan Ivanovich
5558:
5557:
5556:
5551:
5546:
5536:
5535:
5534:
5524:
5518:
5516:
5512:
5511:
5509:
5508:
5502:
5500:
5496:
5495:
5493:
5492:
5487:
5482:
5477:
5472:
5467:
5462:
5457:
5451:
5449:
5445:
5444:
5442:
5441:
5436:
5431:
5430:
5429:
5424:
5419:
5414:
5409:
5397:
5395:
5394:Communications
5391:
5390:
5387:
5386:
5384:
5383:
5378:
5371:
5370:
5369:
5364:
5359:
5348:
5346:
5345:In development
5342:
5341:
5339:
5338:
5333:
5328:
5323:
5315:
5310:
5304:
5302:
5298:
5297:
5295:
5294:
5285:
5279:
5270:
5264:
5261:Resurs-DK No.1
5258:
5249:
5243:
5237:
5231:Phobos program
5228:
5222:
5216:
5210:
5204:
5201:Luna programme
5198:
5192:
5185:
5183:
5176:
5168:
5167:
5164:
5163:
5161:
5160:
5154:
5152:
5151:In development
5148:
5147:
5145:
5144:
5139:
5138:
5137:
5123:
5121:
5117:
5116:
5114:
5113:
5108:
5103:
5098:
5093:
5088:
5080:
5072:
5070:(Moon landing)
5064:
5055:
5053:
5049:
5048:
5046:
5045:
5036:
5028:
5023:
5015:
5003:
4998:
4993:
4987:
4985:
4978:
4970:
4969:
4967:
4966:
4961:
4956:
4950:
4948:
4944:
4943:
4936:
4934:
4932:
4931:
4926:
4918:
4913:
4908:
4903:
4890:
4888:
4884:
4883:
4881:
4880:
4874:
4871:
4870:
4859:
4858:
4851:
4844:
4836:
4827:
4826:
4824:
4823:
4822:
4821:
4815:United States
4812:
4810:
4806:
4805:
4803:
4802:
4801:
4800:
4795:
4790:
4789:
4788:
4778:
4772:United States
4770:
4769:
4768:
4760:
4759:
4758:
4750:
4749:
4748:
4743:
4734:
4732:
4731:In development
4728:
4727:
4725:
4724:
4723:
4722:
4717:
4712:
4707:
4706:
4705:
4700:
4690:
4685:
4680:
4674:United States
4672:
4671:
4670:
4665:
4660:
4651:
4649:
4645:
4644:
4642:
4641:
4640:
4639:
4634:
4629:
4623:United States
4621:
4620:
4619:
4611:
4610:
4609:
4600:
4598:
4594:
4593:
4581:
4580:
4573:
4566:
4558:
4549:
4548:
4541:
4538:
4537:
4535:
4534:
4526:
4522:Space Tourists
4518:
4510:
4502:
4498:Mission to Mir
4494:
4489:
4483:
4481:
4477:
4476:
4474:
4473:
4468:
4466:Stanford torus
4463:
4458:
4456:Rotating wheel
4453:
4448:
4443:
4438:
4432:
4430:
4426:
4425:
4423:
4422:
4417:
4412:
4407:
4401:
4399:
4395:
4394:
4391:
4390:
4388:
4387:
4381:
4379:
4375:
4374:
4372:
4371:
4366:
4361:
4356:
4350:
4348:
4344:
4343:
4341:
4340:
4334:
4332:
4325:
4324:In development
4321:
4320:
4317:
4316:
4314:
4313:
4312:
4311:
4299:
4298:
4297:
4281:
4280:
4279:
4269:Space Station
4265:
4263:
4256:
4255:
4253:
4252:
4247:
4242:
4237:
4225:
4220:
4215:
4210:
4205:
4200:
4195:
4190:
4185:
4180:
4175:
4173:Aurora Station
4169:
4167:
4160:
4156:
4155:
4152:
4151:
4149:
4148:
4147:
4146:
4141:
4130:
4128:
4124:
4123:
4121:
4120:
4119:
4118:
4113:
4102:
4100:
4096:
4095:
4093:
4092:
4087:
4081:
4079:
4075:
4074:
4072:
4071:
4064:
4063:
4062:
4057:
4052:
4047:
4042:
4037:
4032:
4027:
4022:
4011:
4009:
4000:
3996:
3995:
3988:
3986:
3984:
3983:
3978:
3972:
3970:
3966:
3965:
3963:
3962:
3957:
3951:
3948:
3947:
3940:Space stations
3936:
3935:
3928:
3921:
3913:
3904:
3903:
3901:
3900:
3895:
3890:
3888:TKS spacecraft
3881:
3878:
3877:
3875:
3874:
3866:
3861:
3856:
3850:
3847:
3846:
3839:
3838:
3831:
3824:
3816:
3807:
3806:
3804:
3803:
3794:
3792:
3788:
3787:
3785:
3784:
3779:
3774:
3773:
3772:
3767:
3759:
3753:
3751:
3747:
3746:
3744:
3743:
3738:
3733:
3728:
3723:
3717:
3715:
3711:
3710:
3708:
3707:
3702:
3697:
3691:
3689:
3687:TKS spacecraft
3683:
3682:
3680:
3679:
3671:
3662:
3660:
3656:
3655:
3653:
3652:
3644:
3639:
3634:
3628:
3626:
3620:
3619:
3612:
3610:
3608:
3607:
3602:
3597:
3592:
3587:
3582:
3576:
3574:
3568:
3567:
3560:
3559:
3552:
3545:
3537:
3531:
3530:
3520:
3519:
3512:
3511:
3489:
3488:
3472:
3471:External links
3469:
3467:
3466:
3453:
3446:
3426:
3396:
3370:
3363:
3343:
3326:
3319:
3299:
3290:
3276:
3267:
3258:
3249:
3237:
3222:
3215:
3192:
3175:
3158:
3112:
3105:
3085:
3078:
3058:
3041:
3018:
3003:
2980:
2962:
2948:
2941:
2911:
2909:
2906:
2905:
2904:
2899:
2894:
2889:
2884:
2878:
2877:
2863:
2847:
2844:
2841:
2840:
2837:
2821:
2805:
2802:
2799:
2796:
2793:
2789:
2778:
2772:
2771:
2768:
2765:
2762:
2759:
2756:
2753:
2749:
2746:
2739:
2731:
2730:
2726:
2725:
2722:
2719:
2716:
2713:
2710:
2707:
2703:
2698:
2695:
2687:
2686:
2683:
2680:
2677:
2674:
2671:
2668:
2664:
2659:
2656:
2648:
2647:
2644:
2641:
2638:
2635:
2632:
2629:
2625:
2620:
2617:
2609:
2608:
2605:
2602:
2599:
2596:
2593:
2590:
2586:
2581:
2578:
2570:
2569:
2566:
2563:
2560:
2557:
2554:
2551:
2547:
2542:
2539:
2531:
2530:
2527:
2524:
2521:
2518:
2515:
2512:
2508:
2503:
2500:
2490:
2489:
2486:
2483:
2480:
2477:
2474:
2471:
2467:
2462:
2459:
2451:
2450:
2447:
2444:
2441:
2438:
2435:
2432:
2429:
2426:
2421:
2417:
2416:
2413:
2410:
2407:
2404:
2401:
2398:
2394:
2389:
2386:
2378:
2377:
2372:
2363:
2354:
2345:
2340:
2335:
2332:
2329:
2324:
2311:
2308:
2300:Service Module
2249:
2243:
2073:
2070:
2048:TKS spacecraft
2033:Service Module
2005:
2002:
1928:
1920:
1901:
1898:
1797:
1789:
1775:
1772:
1749:
1746:
1704:
1696:
1694:
1691:
1629:
1621:
1608:
1605:
1598:space station.
1534:
1526:
1524:
1521:
1503:ground control
1489:Salyut program
1466:
1458:
1456:
1453:
1422:
1414:
1412:
1409:
1385:
1384:
1375:
1373:Georgi Grechko
1366:
1360:Vasily Lazarev
1357:
1355:Valeri Kubasov
1324:
1316:
1314:
1311:
1265:Salyut program
1238:
1230:
1228:
1225:
1220:
1217:
1113:
1112:
1109:TKS spacecraft
1085:Sergei Korolev
1077:
1074:TKS spacecraft
1031:
1030:
1027:
1024:
1019:
1012:
1011:
1010:
1009:
1008:
1006:
1003:
883:
882:
880:
879:
872:
865:
857:
854:
853:
850:
849:
843:
838:
837:
834:
833:
830:
829:
824:
819:
814:
809:
804:
802:Mikhail Yangel
799:
794:
789:
784:
779:
774:
769:
764:
762:Sergei Korolev
759:
754:
749:
743:
740:
739:
736:
735:
732:
731:
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724:
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713:
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552:
546:
541:
540:
537:
536:
533:
532:
527:
522:
517:
512:
507:
502:
500:Phobos program
497:
492:
487:
482:
477:
472:
467:
462:
457:
452:
447:
441:
436:
435:
432:
431:
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418:
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404:
398:
397:(Moon landing)
392:
386:
381:
373:
368:
363:
358:
352:
347:
346:
343:
342:
341:
340:
335:
327:
326:
320:
319:
307:
306:
301:
297:
296:
293:
289:
288:
283:
279:
278:
274:
273:
268:
267:Launch site(s)
264:
263:
260:
256:
255:
252:
248:
247:
242:
238:
237:
232:
228:
227:
219:
215:
214:
211:
207:
206:
202:
201:
198:
194:
193:
188:
184:
183:
178:
174:
173:
169:
168:
162:
154:
153:
135:
134:
49:
47:
40:
26:
18:Salyut program
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6885:
6874:
6871:
6869:
6866:
6864:
6861:
6860:
6858:
6843:
6840:
6838:
6835:
6833:
6830:
6826:
6823:
6822:
6821:
6820:NASA missions
6818:
6816:
6813:
6811:
6808:
6807:
6805:
6803:and timelines
6799:
6793:
6790:
6788:
6785:
6783:
6780:
6778:
6775:
6771:
6768:
6767:
6766:
6763:
6762:
6760:
6754:
6748:
6747:Satish Dhawan
6745:
6744:
6742:
6738:
6732:
6729:
6727:
6724:
6722:
6719:
6717:
6714:
6712:
6709:
6707:
6704:
6702:
6699:
6697:
6694:
6692:
6689:
6687:
6684:
6682:
6679:
6677:
6674:
6672:
6669:
6667:
6664:
6662:
6659:
6657:
6654:
6652:
6649:
6647:
6644:
6642:
6639:
6637:
6634:
6632:
6629:
6627:
6624:
6622:
6619:
6615:
6612:
6610:
6607:
6606:
6605:
6602:
6600:
6597:
6595:
6592:
6590:
6587:
6585:
6582:
6580:
6577:
6575:
6572:
6570:
6567:
6565:
6562:
6560:
6557:
6555:
6552:
6550:
6547:
6545:
6542:
6540:
6537:
6535:
6532:
6531:
6529:
6523:
6517:
6514:
6512:
6509:
6507:
6504:
6502:
6499:
6497:
6494:
6492:
6489:
6485:
6482:
6480:
6477:
6475:
6472:
6471:
6470:
6467:
6465:
6462:
6458:
6455:
6454:
6453:
6450:
6449:
6447:
6443:
6437:
6434:
6432:
6429:
6427:
6424:
6421:
6419:
6416:
6414:
6411:
6409:
6406:
6404:
6401:
6397:
6394:
6393:
6392:
6389:
6387:
6384:
6382:
6379:
6377:
6374:
6373:
6371:
6369:
6363:
6355:
6352:
6351:
6350:
6347:
6345:
6342:
6340:
6337:
6333:
6330:
6328:
6325:
6323:
6320:
6318:
6315:
6314:
6313:
6310:
6308:
6305:
6301:
6298:
6296:
6293:
6292:
6291:
6288:
6286:
6283:
6281:
6278:
6277:
6275:
6273:
6267:
6257:
6254:
6252:
6249:
6247:
6244:
6242:
6239:
6237:
6234:
6232:
6229:
6228:
6226:
6224:
6220:
6214:
6211:
6207:
6204:
6202:
6199:
6197:
6194:
6192:
6189:
6187:
6184:
6183:
6181:
6179:
6176:
6172:
6171:Ibero-America
6169:
6167:
6164:
6162:
6159:
6157:
6154:
6152:
6149:
6147:
6144:
6142:
6139:
6137:
6134:
6132:
6129:
6127:
6124:
6122:
6119:
6117:
6114:
6112:
6109:
6107:
6104:
6103:
6102:
6099:
6098:
6096:
6092:
6086:
6083:
6081:
6078:
6076:
6073:
6072:
6070:
6068:
6064:
6058:
6055:
6053:
6050:
6048:
6045:
6044:
6042:
6040:
6036:
6030:
6027:
6025:
6022:
6020:
6017:
6013:
6010:
6008:
6005:
6004:
6003:Spaceflights
6002:
5998:
5995:
5993:
5990:
5989:
5988:
5985:
5984:
5982:
5980:
5976:
5970:
5967:
5965:
5962:
5958:
5955:
5953:
5950:
5949:
5948:Spaceflights
5947:
5943:
5940:
5939:
5938:
5935:
5934:
5932:
5930:
5929:
5924:
5918:
5915:
5913:
5910:
5906:
5903:
5901:
5898:
5897:
5896:Spaceflights
5895:
5893:
5890:
5889:
5887:
5885:
5881:
5873:
5870:
5868:
5865:
5864:
5862:
5860:
5857:
5855:
5852:
5850:
5847:
5845:
5842:
5840:
5837:
5835:
5832:
5830:
5827:
5825:
5822:
5820:
5817:
5815:
5812:
5810:
5807:
5805:
5802:
5798:
5795:
5793:
5790:
5788:
5785:
5783:
5780:
5778:
5775:
5773:
5770:
5768:
5765:
5764:
5763:
5760:
5756:
5753:
5751:
5748:
5747:
5746:
5743:
5742:
5740:
5736:
5733:
5731:
5727:
5721:
5718:
5716:
5713:
5711:
5708:
5706:
5703:
5699:
5696:
5694:
5691:
5690:
5689:
5686:
5685:
5683:
5679:
5673:
5670:
5669:
5666:
5661:
5654:
5649:
5647:
5642:
5640:
5635:
5634:
5631:
5619:
5616:
5614:
5610:
5609:
5606:
5599:
5598:
5594:
5591:
5590:
5586:
5582:
5579:
5578:
5577:
5574:
5572:
5569:
5567:
5564:
5562:
5559:
5555:
5552:
5550:
5547:
5545:
5542:
5541:
5540:
5537:
5533:
5530:
5529:
5528:
5525:
5523:
5520:
5519:
5517:
5513:
5507:
5504:
5503:
5501:
5497:
5491:
5488:
5486:
5483:
5481:
5478:
5476:
5473:
5471:
5468:
5466:
5463:
5461:
5458:
5456:
5455:Baikal-Angara
5453:
5452:
5450:
5446:
5440:
5437:
5435:
5432:
5428:
5425:
5423:
5420:
5418:
5415:
5413:
5410:
5408:
5405:
5404:
5403:(begun 1957)
5402:
5399:
5398:
5396:
5392:
5382:
5379:
5377:
5376:
5372:
5368:
5365:
5363:
5360:
5358:
5355:
5354:
5353:
5350:
5349:
5347:
5343:
5337:
5334:
5332:
5329:
5327:
5324:
5319:
5316:
5314:
5311:
5309:
5306:
5305:
5303:
5299:
5289:
5286:
5283:
5280:
5274:
5271:
5268:
5267:Koronas-Foton
5265:
5262:
5259:
5253:
5250:
5247:
5244:
5241:
5238:
5232:
5229:
5226:
5223:
5220:
5217:
5214:
5211:
5208:
5205:
5202:
5199:
5196:
5193:
5190:
5187:
5186:
5184:
5180:
5177:
5173:
5169:
5159:
5156:
5155:
5153:
5149:
5143:
5140:
5136:
5133:
5132:
5128:
5125:
5124:
5122:
5118:
5112:
5109:
5107:
5104:
5102:
5099:
5097:
5094:
5092:
5089:
5084:
5081:
5076:
5073:
5068:
5065:
5060:
5057:
5056:
5054:
5050:
5044:
5040:
5037:
5032:
5029:
5027:
5024:
5019:
5016:
5014:
5007:
5004:
5002:
4999:
4997:
4994:
4992:
4989:
4988:
4986:
4982:
4979:
4975:
4971:
4965:
4962:
4960:
4957:
4955:
4952:
4951:
4949:
4945:
4940:
4930:
4927:
4922:
4919:
4917:
4914:
4912:
4909:
4907:
4904:
4900:
4895:
4892:
4891:
4889:
4885:
4879:
4876:
4875:
4872:
4868:
4864:
4857:
4852:
4850:
4845:
4843:
4838:
4837:
4834:
4820:
4819:SpaceShip III
4817:
4816:
4814:
4813:
4811:
4807:
4799:
4796:
4794:
4791:
4787:
4784:
4783:
4782:
4779:
4777:
4774:
4773:
4771:
4767:
4764:
4763:
4761:
4757:
4754:
4753:
4751:
4747:
4744:
4742:
4739:
4738:
4736:
4735:
4733:
4729:
4721:
4718:
4716:
4713:
4711:
4710:Space Shuttle
4708:
4704:
4701:
4699:
4696:
4695:
4694:
4691:
4689:
4686:
4684:
4681:
4679:
4676:
4675:
4673:
4669:
4666:
4664:
4661:
4659:
4656:
4655:
4654:Soviet Union
4653:
4652:
4650:
4646:
4638:
4635:
4633:
4630:
4628:
4625:
4624:
4622:
4618:
4615:
4614:
4612:
4608:
4605:
4604:
4602:
4601:
4599:
4595:
4590:
4586:
4579:
4574:
4572:
4567:
4565:
4560:
4559:
4556:
4545:
4539:
4532:
4531:
4527:
4524:
4523:
4519:
4516:
4515:
4511:
4508:
4507:
4503:
4500:
4499:
4495:
4493:
4490:
4488:
4485:
4484:
4482:
4478:
4472:
4469:
4467:
4464:
4462:
4459:
4457:
4454:
4452:
4449:
4447:
4444:
4442:
4439:
4437:
4436:Bernal sphere
4434:
4433:
4431:
4427:
4421:
4418:
4416:
4413:
4411:
4408:
4406:
4403:
4402:
4400:
4396:
4386:
4385:Lunar Gateway
4383:
4382:
4380:
4378:International
4376:
4370:
4367:
4365:
4362:
4360:
4357:
4355:
4354:Axiom Station
4352:
4351:
4349:
4345:
4339:
4336:
4335:
4333:
4329:
4326:
4322:
4310:
4307:
4306:
4305:
4304:
4300:
4296:
4294:
4290:
4289:
4288:
4286:
4282:
4278:
4275:
4274:
4273:
4272:
4267:
4266:
4264:
4262:
4257:
4251:
4248:
4246:
4243:
4241:
4238:
4235:
4231:
4230:
4226:
4224:
4221:
4219:
4216:
4214:
4211:
4209:
4206:
4204:
4201:
4199:
4196:
4194:
4191:
4189:
4186:
4184:
4181:
4179:
4176:
4174:
4171:
4170:
4168:
4164:
4161:
4157:
4145:
4142:
4140:
4137:
4136:
4135:
4132:
4131:
4129:
4125:
4117:
4114:
4112:
4109:
4108:
4107:
4104:
4103:
4101:
4097:
4091:
4088:
4086:
4083:
4082:
4080:
4078:United States
4076:
4070:
4069:
4065:
4061:
4058:
4056:
4053:
4051:
4048:
4046:
4043:
4041:
4038:
4036:
4033:
4031:
4028:
4026:
4023:
4021:
4018:
4017:
4016:
4013:
4012:
4010:
4004:
4001:
3997:
3992:
3982:
3979:
3977:
3974:
3973:
3971:
3967:
3961:
3958:
3956:
3953:
3952:
3949:
3945:
3941:
3934:
3929:
3927:
3922:
3920:
3915:
3914:
3911:
3899:
3896:
3894:
3891:
3889:
3886:
3883:
3882:
3879:
3870:
3867:
3865:
3862:
3860:
3857:
3855:
3852:
3851:
3848:
3844:
3843:Almaz program
3837:
3832:
3830:
3825:
3823:
3818:
3817:
3814:
3801:
3800:
3796:
3795:
3793:
3789:
3783:
3780:
3778:
3775:
3771:
3768:
3766:
3763:
3762:
3761:Spaceflights
3760:
3758:
3755:
3754:
3752:
3748:
3742:
3739:
3737:
3734:
3732:
3729:
3727:
3724:
3722:
3719:
3718:
3716:
3714:Support craft
3712:
3706:
3703:
3701:
3698:
3696:
3693:
3692:
3690:
3688:
3684:
3678:
3676:
3672:
3670:
3668:
3664:
3663:
3661:
3657:
3648:
3645:
3643:
3640:
3638:
3635:
3633:
3630:
3629:
3627:
3625:
3621:
3616:
3606:
3603:
3601:
3598:
3596:
3593:
3591:
3588:
3586:
3583:
3581:
3578:
3577:
3575:
3573:
3569:
3565:
3558:
3553:
3551:
3546:
3544:
3539:
3538:
3535:
3529:
3525:
3522:
3521:
3518:at Zarya.info
3517:
3514:
3513:
3505:
3498:
3497:
3491:
3490:
3482:
3481:
3475:
3474:
3463:
3460:All data for
3457:
3449:
3443:
3439:
3438:
3430:
3414:
3410:
3406:
3400:
3393:
3383:
3381:
3379:
3377:
3375:
3366:
3360:
3356:
3355:
3347:
3340:
3335:Salyut 6 SSSM
3330:
3322:
3316:
3312:
3311:
3303:
3294:
3286:
3280:
3271:
3262:
3253:
3244:
3242:
3233:
3230:Anatoly Zak.
3226:
3218:
3212:
3208:
3201:
3199:
3197:
3185:
3179:
3168:
3162:
3155:
3154:public domain
3133:
3126:
3119:
3117:
3108:
3102:
3098:
3097:
3089:
3081:
3075:
3071:
3070:
3062:
3055:
3054:public domain
3044:
3038:
3031:
3030:
3022:
3014:
3007:
2999:
2995:
2989:
2987:
2985:
2976:
2969:
2967:
2958:
2952:
2944:
2938:
2934:
2933:
2925:
2923:
2921:
2919:
2917:
2912:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2883:
2880:
2879:
2875:
2864:
2861:
2850:
2834:
2829:
2818:
2813:
2794:
2790:
2786:
2785:
2779:
2777:
2774:
2773:
2751:23 March 2001
2750:
2747:
2745:
2740:
2738:
2737:
2733:
2732:
2727:
2704:
2702:19:45:00 UTC
2700:19 April 1982
2699:
2696:
2694:
2693:
2689:
2688:
2665:
2663:06:50:00 UTC
2660:
2657:
2655:
2654:
2650:
2649:
2627:8 August 1977
2626:
2624:18:04:00 UTC
2621:
2618:
2616:
2615:
2611:
2610:
2587:
2585:04:15:00 UTC
2582:
2579:
2577:
2576:
2572:
2571:
2548:
2546:22:38:00 UTC
2543:
2540:
2538:
2537:
2533:
2532:
2509:
2507:00:20:00 UTC
2504:
2501:
2498:
2492:
2491:
2468:
2466:09:00:00 UTC
2463:
2460:
2458:
2457:
2453:
2452:
2431:29 July 1972
2430:
2428:29 July 1972
2427:
2425:
2422:
2419:
2418:
2395:
2393:01:40:00 UTC
2391:19 April 1971
2390:
2387:
2385:
2384:
2380:
2379:
2373:
2371:
2364:
2362:
2355:
2351:
2346:
2341:
2336:
2333:
2330:
2325:
2320:
2319:
2316:
2307:
2305:
2301:
2299:
2294:
2290:
2286:
2279:
2278:
2272:
2267:
2263:
2259:
2255:
2247:
2242:
2240:
2236:
2232:
2231:Space Shuttle
2228:
2227:United States
2224:
2220:
2215:
2213:
2212:hard currency
2209:
2205:
2201:
2198:
2193:
2189:
2185:
2181:
2176:
2174:
2170:
2166:
2162:
2158:
2154:
2150:
2146:
2142:
2138:
2134:
2130:
2122:
2118:
2113:
2111:
2106:
2105:
2100:
2092:
2087:
2083:
2079:
2069:
2067:
2066:
2061:
2057:
2053:
2049:
2044:
2042:
2038:
2034:
2032:
2027:
2023:
2018:
2015:
2011:
1998:
1994:
1990:
1986:
1982:
1981:Proton rocket
1978:
1974:
1972:
1968:
1964:
1960:
1956:
1952:
1948:
1947:space station
1936:
1932:
1925:
1916:
1911:
1906:
1894:
1890:
1886:
1881:
1879:
1875:
1870:
1865:
1863:
1859:
1855:
1851:
1847:
1843:
1837:
1835:
1831:
1827:
1826:Proton rocket
1823:
1820:
1814:
1805:
1801:
1794:
1785:
1780:
1771:
1768:
1762:
1754:
1742:
1738:
1734:
1730:
1726:
1725:space station
1723:
1719:
1711:
1707:
1701:
1687:
1683:
1679:
1675:
1671:
1667:
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1650:space station
1648:
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1604:
1597:
1593:
1589:
1584:
1582:
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1572:
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1564:space station
1561:
1557:
1556:space station
1554:
1542:
1538:
1531:
1517:
1513:
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1504:
1500:
1496:
1494:
1490:
1486:
1485:space station
1482:
1474:
1470:
1463:
1448:
1444:
1443:space station
1441:
1437:
1429:
1425:
1419:
1405:
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1389:
1383:
1379:
1376:
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1370:
1367:
1365:
1361:
1358:
1356:
1352:
1351:Alexei Leonov
1349:
1348:
1347:
1345:
1340:
1336:
1332:
1331:space station
1328:
1321:
1307:
1303:
1298:
1294:
1290:
1286:
1284:
1279:
1277:
1273:
1271:
1266:
1262:
1258:
1254:
1253:space station
1246:
1242:
1235:
1224:
1216:
1214:
1210:
1209:
1204:
1200:
1198:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1184:
1178:
1176:
1170:
1168:
1167:Kerim Kerimov
1164:
1163:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1139:
1135:
1130:
1128:
1123:
1119:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1082:
1079:The civilian
1078:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1058:
1053:
1052:
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1028:
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979:
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968:
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958:
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950:
946:
944:
942:
938:designation.
937:
933:
932:
926:
922:
918:
914:
913:space station
909:
897:
893:
891:
878:
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871:
866:
864:
859:
858:
856:
855:
848:
845:
844:
841:
836:
835:
828:
827:Boris Chertok
825:
823:
822:Vasily Mishin
820:
818:
817:Kerim Kerimov
815:
813:
810:
808:
805:
803:
800:
798:
795:
793:
790:
788:
787:Alexei Leonov
785:
783:
780:
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305:
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298:
294:
292:Crew capacity
290:
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191:Space station
189:
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81:
78: –
77:
73:
72:Find sources:
66:
62:
56:
55:
50:This article
48:
44:
39:
38:
33:
19:
6491:Upper stages
6332:lunar probes
6270:Solar System
6256:Spacewalkers
6241:2015–present
6201:billionaires
5926:
5883:
5797:2021–present
5762:Spaceflights
5595:
5587:
5373:
5225:Vega program
5213:Zond program
5062:(Moon flyby)
5059:Zond (7K-L1)
5018:Soyuz-Apollo
4911:Kapustin Yar
4887:Launch sites
4798:Dream Chaser
4786:Starship HLS
4720:SpaceShipTwo
4715:SpaceShipOne
4528:
4520:
4512:
4504:
4496:
4471:Wet workshop
4364:Orbital Reef
4301:
4295:(ISS module)
4292:
4284:
4270:
4227:
4066:
4014:
4008:Soviet Union
3892:
3884:
3797:
3674:
3666:
3571:
3563:
3527:
3504:the original
3495:
3479:
3461:
3456:
3436:
3429:
3417:. Retrieved
3413:the original
3408:
3399:
3353:
3346:
3329:
3309:
3302:
3293:
3279:
3274:Bond (2002).
3270:
3261:
3252:
3225:
3206:
3189:. CIA. 1972.
3178:
3172:. CIA. 1972.
3161:
3139:. Retrieved
3132:the original
3095:
3088:
3068:
3061:
3028:
3021:
3012:
3006:
2998:the original
2973:Sven Grahn.
2951:
2931:
2791:12 July 2000
2783:
2734:
2690:
2666:29 July 1982
2651:
2622:22 June 1976
2612:
2573:
2544:25 June 1974
2534:
2464:4 April 1973
2454:
2381:
2350:and visitors
2313:
2303:
2297:
2292:
2284:
2283:
2275:
2245:
2216:
2180:Soviet Union
2177:
2165:Eastern Bloc
2136:
2132:
2128:
2127:, literally
2116:
2114:
2109:
2102:
2098:
2097:
2063:
2055:
2045:
2040:
2030:
2025:
2019:
2013:
2009:
2007:
1993:Soviet Union
1973:spacecraft.
1929:
1866:
1864:spacecraft.
1838:
1798:
1767:docking port
1763:
1759:
1717:
1601:
1595:
1573:
1535:
1480:
1467:
1435:
1396:Soyuz 7KT-OK
1378:Pyotr Klimuk
1364:Oleg Makarov
1325:
1297:hard-docking
1280:
1269:
1261:Soviet Union
1239:
1222:
1212:
1206:
1196:
1181:
1179:
1171:
1160:
1156:
1152:
1140:
1133:
1131:
1114:
1080:
1055:
1046:
1040:
1037:
998:
992:
988:
982:
980:
975:
965:
961:
948:
947:
940:
935:
929:
924:
920:
917:Soviet Union
889:
888:
886:
772:Yuri Gagarin
675:Soyuz/Vostok
530:Vega program
495:Mars program
485:Zond program
480:Luna program
438:Space probes
403:(Mars flyby)
376:Apollo–Soyuz
370:
338:Luna program
222:
218:First flight
181:Soviet Union
163:
142:
138:
123:
114:
104:
97:
90:
83:
71:
59:Please help
54:verification
51:
6626:H-II and H3
6569:Delta DM-19
6559:Black Brant
6272:exploration
6047:Expeditions
5987:Expeditions
5937:Expeditions
5892:Expeditions
5660:Spaceflight
5284:(2011–2019)
5273:Fobos-Grunt
5263:(2006-2016)
5248:(1990-1992)
5242:(1989-1998)
5236:(1988-1989)
5227:(1984-1987)
5221:(1983-1991)
5215:(1964–1970)
5209:(1961–1985)
5203:(1958–1976)
5197:(1972–1996)
5191:(1961–1982)
5031:Shuttle–Mir
4906:Dombarovsky
4637:New Shepard
4627:Crew Dragon
4441:Bishop Ring
3944:settlements
3872:(not flown)
3802:(1984 film)
3757:Expeditions
3650:(not flown)
3419:19 November
2510:22 May 1973
2505:11 May 1973
2469:28 May 1973
2280:ISS module)
2197:East German
2169:Warsaw Pact
2149:perestroika
1985:Site 200/40
1941:; English:
1889:Kosmos 1267
1850:Intercosmos
1846:Warsaw pact
1842:design life
1547:; English:
1302:Kármán line
1001:programme.
241:Last flight
117:August 2012
6857:Categories
6770:comparison
6696:Thor DM-18
6681:Thor-Agena
6636:Long March
6554:Atlas LV3C
6549:Atlas LV3B
6469:Spacecraft
6457:Comparison
6386:PocketQube
6368:satellites
6146:Cosmonauts
6101:Astronauts
6057:Spacewalks
6019:Spacewalks
5964:Spacewalks
5912:Spacewalks
5872:Suborbital
5755:by program
5715:Space Race
5705:Spacecraft
5611:See also:
5465:Mars-Grunt
5427:Sputnik 99
5422:Sputnik 41
5078:(moonbase)
4899:Kazakhstan
4250:Tiangong-3
4213:Nautilus-X
4116:Tiangong-2
4111:Tiangong-1
4035:Cosmos 557
3782:Spacewalks
3659:Successors
2908:References
2497:Kosmos 557
2370:spacecraft
2361:spacecraft
2334:Reentered
2310:Data table
1959:Soyuz T-15
1876:and later
1858:Progress 1
1856:including
1741:cosmonauts
1481:Cosmos 557
1477:Космос 557
1469:Kosmos 557
1462:Kosmos 557
1406:programme.
1400:Soyuz 7K-T
1147:(TsUP) in
840:Cosmonauts
245:Soyuz T-15
87:newspapers
6716:V-2 tests
6614:2020–2022
6609:2010–2019
6584:Delta III
6236:2000–2014
6231:1965–1999
6085:Rollbacks
5849:Gaganyaan
5792:2011–2020
5787:2001–2010
5782:1991–2000
5777:1981–1990
5772:1971–1980
5767:1961–1970
5470:Mercury-P
5460:Laplace-P
5417:Sputnik 3
5412:Sputnik 2
5407:Sputnik 1
5381:Spektr-UV
5352:Luna-Glob
5336:Spektr-RG
5313:Elektro–L
5052:Cancelled
4924:(defunct)
4878:Roscosmos
4809:Cancelled
4793:Blue Moon
4756:Gaganyaan
4632:Starliner
4245:Sundancer
4234:FlexCraft
4229:Skylab II
3885:See also:
3528:Wired.com
3392:help page
3339:help page
3141:24 August
2344:occupied
2331:Launched
2186:with the
2139:that the
1955:Soyuz T-5
1885:Soyuz T-1
1682:Soyuz 18a
1562:military
1426:(OPS-1) (
1243:(DOS-1) (
1186:with the
1138:call sign
1057:Almaz-OPS
892:programme
555:Molniya-M
550:Kosmos-3M
251:Successes
213:1971–1986
200:Completed
145:programme
6671:Starship
6641:Minotaur
6599:Delta IV
6579:Delta II
6564:Electron
6525:Launches
6484:heaviest
6474:uncrewed
6445:Vehicles
6381:CubeSats
6322:orbiters
6280:Timeline
6141:European
6080:Missions
6039:Tiangong
6029:Deployed
6024:Visitors
6012:uncrewed
5997:Visiting
5969:Visitors
5957:uncrewed
5917:Visitors
5905:uncrewed
5854:Spacelab
5844:Shenzhou
5750:timeline
5698:timeline
5485:Venera-D
5480:Spektr-M
5448:Concepts
5375:Kazachok
5331:Resurs-P
5326:Meteor-M
5291:(failed)
5282:Spektr-R
5276:(failed)
5255:(failed)
5234:(failed)
5175:programs
4977:programs
4781:Starship
4741:Mengzhou
4607:Shenzhou
4589:programs
4429:Concepts
4398:Proposed
4293:Columbus
4285:Columbus
4240:Skylab B
4159:Canceled
4085:OPS 0855
4060:Salyut 7
4055:Salyut 6
4050:Salyut 5
4045:Salyut 4
4040:Salyut 3
4030:Salyut 2
4020:Salyut 1
4006:Russia /
3777:Visitors
3770:uncrewed
3726:Progress
2846:See also
2692:Salyut 7
2653:Salyut 6
2614:Salyut 5
2575:Salyut 4
2536:Salyut 3
2456:Salyut 2
2383:Salyut 1
2368:uncrewed
2366:Visiting
2357:Visiting
2353:(total)
2348:All crew
2323:station
2225:and the
2171:and the
2153:glasnost
2062:and the
2035:for the
2024:for the
1967:Progress
1943:Salute 7
1931:Salyut 7
1924:Salyut 7
1910:Salyut 7
1893:Salyut 7
1878:Soyuz 33
1874:Soyuz 25
1869:Soyuz 11
1832:and the
1800:Salyut 6
1793:Salyut 6
1784:Salyut 6
1718:Salute 5
1716:meaning
1706:Salyut 5
1700:Salyut 5
1686:Soyuz 20
1680:docked;
1678:Soyuz 18
1674:Soyuz 17
1656:with an
1625:Salyut 4
1616:Salyut 4
1592:Salyut 5
1588:Salyut 4
1581:Soyuz 15
1577:Soyuz 14
1549:Salute 3
1537:Salyut 3
1530:Salyut 3
1479:meaning
1438:) was a
1436:Salute 2
1434:meaning
1424:Salyut 2
1418:Salyut 2
1392:Soyuz 11
1388:Soyuz 10
1344:Salyut 1
1339:Proton-K
1293:Soyuz 11
1289:Soyuz 10
1241:Salyut 1
1234:Salyut 1
1162:Shuguang
1157:Salyut 1
1149:Korolyov
1097:Salyut 6
970:and the
520:RELIKT-1
316:a series
314:Part of
304:Proton-K
271:Baikonur
259:Failures
235:Soyuz 10
210:Duration
6711:Tsyklon
6574:Delta 1
6539:Antares
6186:by name
6131:Chinese
6126:Mercury
6106:by name
6067:Shuttle
5867:Orbital
5859:Artemis
5824:Mercury
5809:Russian
5738:General
5693:outline
5681:General
5515:Related
5367:Luna 28
5362:Luna 27
5357:Luna 26
5321:(joint)
5318:ExoMars
5288:Luna 25
5252:Mars 96
5195:Prognoz
5172:Robotic
5130:(joint)
5039:Energia
5034:(joint)
5021:(joint)
4996:Voskhod
4762:Russia
4683:Mercury
4663:Voskhod
4648:Retired
4613:Russia
4480:Related
4369:Starlab
4359:Haven-1
4347:Private
4271:Freedom
4134:Genesis
4127:Private
3969:Current
3791:Related
3677:(DOS-8)
3669:(DOS-7)
3287:. NASA.
2839:19,051
2770:20,400
2724:18,900
2685:19,824
2646:19,000
2607:18,500
2568:18,500
2529:19,400
2488:18,500
2449:18,500
2415:18,500
2337:Days in
2328:module
2274:DOS-8 (
2233:to the
2204:Ukraine
2192:Comecon
2173:Comecon
2121:Russian
1991:in the
1987:at the
1963:Soyuz T
1939:Салют-7
1935:Russian
1862:Soyuz-T
1815:
1808:Салют 6
1804:Russian
1782:DOS-5 (
1714:Салют-5
1710:Russian
1662:perigee
1643:English
1639:Салют-4
1635:Russian
1618:diagram
1545:Салют-3
1541:Russian
1487:in the
1473:Russian
1432:Салют-2
1428:Russian
1272:(DOS-8)
1259:by the
1249:Салют-1
1245:Russian
1143:of the
896:Russian
717:Tsyklon
685:Voskhod
680:Sputnik
643:Molniya
596:Energia
465:Molniya
460:GLONASS
421:Energia
379:(joint)
361:Voskhod
187:Purpose
177:Country
101:scholar
6726:Vulcan
6646:Proton
6631:Kosmos
6534:Ariane
6479:crewed
6418:Kosmos
6317:active
6312:Probes
6295:rovers
6156:Muslim
6121:Gemini
6116:Apollo
6094:People
6007:crewed
5952:crewed
5900:crewed
5884:Salyut
5839:Skylab
5834:Apollo
5829:Gemini
5804:Soviet
5308:Bion-M
5301:Active
5293:(2023)
5278:(2011)
5269:(2009)
5257:(1996)
5240:Granat
5219:Astron
5207:Venera
5120:Active
5111:Kliper
5096:Zvezda
5091:Spiral
5075:Zvezda
5001:Salyut
4991:Vostok
4959:Proton
4954:Angara
4863:Soviet
4752:India
4746:Lanyue
4737:China
4693:Apollo
4688:Gemini
4658:Vostok
4603:China
4597:Active
4331:Russia
4198:Galaxy
4090:Skylab
4015:Salyut
3765:crewed
3675:Zvezda
3462:Zvezda
3444:
3361:
3317:
3213:
3103:
3076:
3039:
2939:
2801:7,500
2798:8,723
2784:Zvezda
2758:4,592
2697:DOS-6
2658:DOS-5
2580:DOS-4
2502:DOS-3
2388:DOS-1
2359:crewed
2339:orbit
2298:Zvezda
2277:Zvezda
2264:, and
2246:Zvezda
2208:Russia
2084:, and
2031:Zvezda
1977:Soviet
1969:, and
1819:Soviet
1722:Soviet
1658:apogee
1647:Salyut
1568:Salyut
1553:Soviet
1493:Skylab
1440:Soviet
1329:was a
1295:. The
1270:Zvezda
1213:Zvezda
1199:module
1197:Zvezda
1153:Salyut
1127:Skylab
999:Salyut
989:Salyut
976:Salyut
962:Salyut
949:Salyut
941:Salyut
936:Salyut
925:Salyut
921:Salyut
890:Salyut
690:Vostok
648:Polyot
601:Kosmos
560:Proton
525:Venera
470:Meteor
450:Kosmos
407:Spiral
371:Salyut
356:Vostok
223:Salyut
197:Status
164:Salyut
143:Salyut
103:
96:
89:
82:
74:
6731:Zenit
6706:Titan
6661:Scout
6544:Atlas
6151:women
6136:Asian
6075:Crews
5819:Soyuz
5544:Laika
5490:Sfera
5475:OPSEK
5246:Gamma
5142:Soyuz
5101:Zarya
5043:Buran
5006:Almaz
4964:Soyuz
4776:Orion
4668:Buran
4617:Soyuz
4544:Almaz
4303:Mir-2
4218:OPSEK
4099:China
4025:DOS-2
3869:OPS-4
3750:Lists
3721:Soyuz
3647:OPS-4
3585:DOS-2
3507:(PDF)
3500:(PDF)
3484:(PDF)
3405:"Mir"
3187:(PDF)
3170:(PDF)
3135:(PDF)
3128:(PDF)
3033:(PDF)
2780:DOS-8
2755:5511
2741:DOS-7
2709:3216
2670:1764
2424:DOS-2
2321:Space
2304:Zarya
2289:Mir-2
2285:DOS-8
2133:World
2129:Peace
2099:DOS-7
2065:Zarya
2014:DOS-8
2010:DOS-7
1983:from
1737:Soyuz
1733:Almaz
1654:orbit
1596:Almaz
1560:Almaz
1512:radar
1447:Almaz
1404:DOS-3
1327:DOS-2
1320:DOS-2
1313:DOS-2
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1141:Zarya
1134:Zarya
1089:OKB-1
994:Zarya
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653:Soyuz
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572:Soyuz
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425:Buran
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366:Soyuz
286:Soyuz
108:JSTOR
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6651:PSLV
6621:GSLV
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6354:Mars
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4984:Past
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2326:Core
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1390:and
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1371:and
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