213:, from near the confluence of the Kasai and Sankuru rivers where he claimed that the Baschilele people had held Benga captive. 1906 Ota Benga experienced cultural ban from the Twa clan he lived with in Congo. He decided to return to New York with Verner, who got in touch with Hornaday. He arranged that Ota Benga would exhibit at the Bronx Zoo. First the show attracted visitors, but the conditions of Ota Benga degraded until he was treated like a captive. The situation generated outrage among African-Americans and they obtained his release from Mayor George B. McClellan Jr.
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to recuperate for a year later in
Baltimore. The account of his injury has been questioned by Pamela Newkirk in her book. She also notes that Verner left at least two children that he fathered with a Congolese woman in Luebo. In 1898 he brought three Congolese assistants who he intended to teach English and other skills before returning them. This included Kassongo who was killed in a
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language. On 15 December 1897 while out on a hill near Ndombe he fell into a trap for animals and was pierced by a poisoned stake. His
African assistant, Kassongo, ran to the nearby village of Bindundu and he was treated by a medicine woman. After two weeks he returned to Ndombe and he would continue
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The first son of a South
Carolina slave-holding family, he studied in Columbia and then went to the University of South Carolina graduating in 1892 as the best of his class. Following a mental breakdown he worked as a laborer in the railroads for about a year. He then moved to work for his uncle A.L.
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Verner may have been subject of controversy due to some aspects of his activities in contradiction to the nationwide ban in the United States implemented under the
Thirteenth Amendment. Earlier national laws had greatly restricted slavery in the United States. These include the
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who was the secretary for the
Foreign Missions of the Presbyterian Church. Verner was ordained under an extraordinary clause on 25 September 1895 at the Tuscaloosa Presbytery after an examination in various subjects. He and Joseph Phipps sailed from New York to London aboard
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on 1 January 1808, that made it a felony to import slaves from abroad, but not from stateless countries. Verner claimed that Benga was free and that he did not gain from the exhibition of Benga at the zoo.
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Verner appears to have gone into obscurity after the Ota Benga affair. In 1912, a patent application for a trapezoidal animal trap gives his address as living in the Obispo Panama canal area.
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Verner wrote articles based on his
African experiences and was considered an expert among others on the Pygmies and on various matters of African colonialism. Verner became a friend of
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and brought to the United States. Benga became one of the most popular attractions, referred to as "human spectacles", at the
Exposition's human zoo and he was later featured in the
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to whom he brought chimpanzees. Verner had been hired to procure specimens of
African natives for the
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Benga eventually killed himself in 1916 after he was unable to secure passage back to Africa.
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speak. In the 1900s he made further visits to bring
African peoples to the United States.
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84:(14 November 1873 – 9 October 1943) was an American missionary and explorer in the
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Crawford, John R. (1982). "Pioneer
African Missionary: Samuel Phillips Verner".
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A book on Ota Benga was written by Verner's grandson Phillips Verner Bradford.
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347:, Samuel Phillips Verner, "Animal-trap", issued 14 October 1913
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of which his uncle was a superintendent. He had begun to read the works of
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until late 1906. Following a controversy over Benga's treatment there,
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and World's Fair of 1904. Verner bought 12 people, among them
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Samuel Phillips Verner resigned from missionary work in 1899.
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and from Southampton to Antwerp and finally aboard the
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on African travels and got in touch with the family of
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He decided to move to Africa in 1895 on appeals from
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103:The best known among Verner's acquisitions was
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191:in 1902 at Birmingham where he went to hear
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182:Verner stayed in the Congo and studied the
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321:Verner, Samuel Phillips (1899).
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255:Journal of Presbyterian History
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323:"The Cape to Cairo Railway"
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283:Newkirk, Pamela (2015).
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203:William Temple Hornaday
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143:Here he taught at the
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82:Samuel Phillips Verner
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300:"The African pygmies"
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109:African slave traders
304:The Atlantic Monthly
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211:Ota Benga
123:Biography
113:Bronx Zoo
105:Ota Benga
90:human zoo
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189:stampede
184:Tshiluba
169:New York
92:at the
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