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412:. The Blessed Sacrament is accompanied by candle bearers and incense burners. These ministers are chosen from the pilgrims. A representative group of doctors from the various pilgrimages follow directly behind the Blessed Sacrament, both during the procession and the Blessing of the sick. Lastly, there are groups of pilgrims, some following their parish or diocesan banner. The procession makes its way across the river, past the Crowned Virgin, along the esplanade and down into the St. Pius X underground basilica where pilgrims with disabilities are provided accommodations (often in the front) to access the altar. During the procession, there are meditations, prayers, hymns and chants, all in several languages. When all the participants are assembled, there is a period of
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986:, the bric-a-brac of piety". Bernadette herself despised any and all commercialization related to the apparitions. Lourdes has been called the "Disneyland of the Catholic Church". Critics argue that the Lourdes phenomenon is nothing more than a significant money-spinner for the town and the region, which therefore has a strong vested interest in keeping the pilgrims coming. The Church, however, distances itself from commercialisation. The many
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371:, in the grotto of Massabielle. The original spring can be seen within the grotto, lit from below and protected by a glass screen. Pilgrims drink Lourdes water due to its reputed healing power. The water is accessed from individual taps located between the grotto and the baths. The water from Lourdes was thoroughly analysed by independent chemists in 1858 and 1859, and does not appear to have a latent power to cure and has no special
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940:. The other section is now known as the Accueil John Paul II, and contains several chapels, the First Aid post and Dispensary, and the offices of the Hospitalité. The other was the Accueil St. Bernadette, which stood across the river from the old Accueil Notre Dame, and was demolished to make way for the new one.
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Since Easter 1997 sick pilgrims from all over the world have been housed in the
Accueil Notre Dame, an airy modern building. The Accueil is organised into two wings, each consisting of six storeys, with the Reception area on the ground floor and the Transit Lounge on the fifth. Each floor from one to
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The open space in front of the Rosary
Basilica is known as "Rosary Square". The entrances to the Upper Basilica and its crypt, both of which are built on top of the Massabielle rock, are far above ground level. To facilitate access, two enormous ramps were constructed, which curve down either side of
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in French, meaning "pools"). This is also meant to repeat a gesture made by
Bernadette Soubirous during the apparitions as she washed herself with the water after she was told to do so by the "lady". The original baths were built in 1862 and the current baths in 1955. They are located on the western
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did during the apparitions when she was told by the "lady" to drink water from the spring and wash herself with it. This is why new fountains were created for the "water gesture" on the western side of the grotto along the
Massabielle rock, shaped to made it difficult to fill bottles and containers,
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based on
Bernadette's descriptions. Although it has become an iconic symbol of Our Lady of Lourdes, it depicts a figure which is not only older and taller than Bernadette's description, but also more in keeping with orthodox and traditional representations of the Virgin Mary. The statue rests in the
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During the apparitions, Bernadette was given instructions by the "lady", which were to prove central in the development of the sanctuary and its ceremonies. Bernadette was told to go and drink water from a spring which was to appear inside the grotto and wash herself with it. She was also told to go
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feature a total of 115 characters which are slightly larger than average human size. The calvary extends on a course of around 1,500 meters (4,900 ft), starting close to the
Basilica of the Immaculate Conception and climbing up to the 13th station then descending back to the basilicas and the
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The spring
Bernadette that was discovered can be seen at the rear of the grotto, shielded by a glass cover. When Mass is not being celebrated, pilgrims can process through the grotto where it is traditional to touch the rocks directly under the statue; so many people have done this that the stones
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flows from a spring located inside the cave. From 2014 to 2018, the surroundings of the grotto were modified to facilitate the passing of pilgrims through the various facilities around the grotto. A new esplanade was built on the banks, taps providing water from the spring were moved away from the
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The torchlight Marian procession takes place daily at 9 pm. It begins near the grotto and continues in the alleys of the esplanade ending in the Rosary square. In extreme weather an indoor ceremony may be held in the
Underground Basilica instead. The procession is led by sick and disabled pilgrims
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built on the
Espelugues hill, located south of the grotto and the basilicas. The Espelugues hill is separated from the central part of the sanctuary by the avenue Mgr ThĂ©as and the route de la ForĂȘt. The Espelugues lands extending over the hill were acquired by the missionaries of Garaison, which
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used to be available for pilgrims at water taps located near the grotto along the
Massabielle rock. However, people in charge of the sanctuary thought it would be better to have two separate places for Lourdes water distribution, with one place available for drinking water and filling bottles and
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Bernadette told her sister not to tell their parents about the apparition, but she told them anyway and their parents forbid them to go to the grotto again. Bernadette ignored their orders and kept going to the grotto. From 11 February to 16 July 1858, Bernadette saw the same vision 18 times. The
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The Accueil Notre Dame was built to replace two older residencies for pilgrims. The old Accueil Notre Dame stood opposite the Underground Basilica, and has been extensively remodelled, being divided into two buildings by removing a section. One building now contains the Chapel of Reconciliation,
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river on a new bridge to reach the "chapels of light", where all candles are meant to be lighted. Around 800 tonnes of wax is burnt annually in devotional candles. Pilgrims can place candles of various sizes, some of them bring large candles from their respective parishes. The candle burners are
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In contrast to the grandness of Rosary Square and the three basilicas, the grotto at Massabielle where St Bernadette's visions took place is very simple and stark. The recess of the grotto itself is undecorated, although a plain stone altar and lectern have been placed there so that Mass can be
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It is also a more versatile building. The nave has provision for 5,000 seated worshippers and 350 wheelchairs, but partitions can be drawn to divide the nave into smaller sections. In addition, it includes the hemicycle, a large lecture room which may be used for worship, and an assortment of
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and completed in 1958 in anticipation of the enormous crowds expected in Lourdes for the centenary of the apparitions. A modern, concrete building, it is almost entirely underground (part of the building lies beneath the Boulevard PÚre Rémi Sempé above). When full it can accommodate 25,000
127:, and has several functions, including devotional activities, offices, and accommodation for sick and disabled pilgrims and their helpers. In addition to the grotto and the three basilicas, the sanctuary includes fountains providing Lourdes water, baths for immersion in the water, an
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bought the grotto and the land around it from the town of Lourdes in 1861, three years after the apparitions. Immediately they set about modifying the area to make it more accessible to pilgrims, and started work to build the first of the churches, which is now known as the "Crypt".
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Rosary Square. The image of the entrance of the Rosary Basilica, flanked by the two ramps and surmounted by the spires of the Upper Basilica, has become one of the iconic symbols of Lourdes, and a stylised form of this image has been adopted by the sanctuary itself as its logo.
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The sanctuary of Lourdes is one of the most-visited Catholic shrines in the world, with around four million tourists coming every year. The grotto of Massabielle, which is the most famous site in the sanctuary, has hundreds of replicas around the world, known as
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The most recent of the major centres of worship is the Church of St. Bernadette, which was consecrated in 1988. It was built opposite the grotto across the river, on the spot where Bernadette Soubirous stood during the 18th and final apparition on 16 July 1858.
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building with comparatively little adornment. It was designed to allow as much natural light as possible into the nave, and light-coloured materials have been used, making it noticeably brighter than the Underground Basilica. It was designed by the architect
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is responsible for the spiritual governance of the sanctuary. He appoints a local representative, who is called the rector. The sanctuary is run independently of the parish of Lourdes, which is responsible for the spiritual needs of the Lourdais themselves.
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The basilica has a crypt, which was the first church to be completed in the sanctuary, in 1866. Construction was started by Abbé Peyramale and bishop Laurence. Bernadette's father worked on its construction and was present at its official opening, on
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At the time of the apparitions, the grotto lay well outside town, on common ground which was used by the villagers variously for pasturing animals, collecting firewood, and as a garbage dump, and it had a reputation for being an unpleasant place.
727:, attendants whose job is to ensure candles are burnt safely and evenly and to remove the trays of melted wax which collects under each burner. In July 2022, four candle chapels were damaged by a fire caused by candles and are currently closed.
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The rooms, each with bathroom and shower, accommodate from one to six people. Each room has a window, with some fortunate ones having a view of the grotto, and storage cupboards and a table and chairs. Each room opens onto a communal area.
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An estimated 200 million people have visited the shrine since 1860. The Roman Catholic Church has officially recognized 70 miracle healings, the 70th of which was the cure of Sister Bernadette Moriau, recognised on 11 February 2018.
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Due to French political upheaval resulting in an enforced separation of Church and State, the property and grounds of the sanctuary were confiscated from the Church and returned to the ownership of the town in 1910. The then bishop,
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The Blessed Sacrament procession is held daily at 5:00 pm. The procession begins at the open-air altar on the prairie across the river from the grotto and is led by sick pilgrims followed by a priest, bishop or cardinal carrying a
787:. Priests from different countries observe a duty roster, which means that, at almost any time of day, pilgrims from Europe (and occasionally further away) can find a priest who will hear their confession in their own language.
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and religious communities worldwide. As of 2010 there were 292 full-time lay employees and a further 120 seasonal employees working in 63 different divisions, with an annual running budget of âŹ18 million, 90% from donations.
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During the months after the apparitions, public interest in the apparitions grew, and curious visitors began to be replaced by pilgrims from increasingly far away, drawn by compelling stories of apparitions and miracles.
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The sanctuary is open all year round. In winter there are substantially fewer visitors, a reduced timetable of services and devotional activity, and no processions. The winter season runs from 1 November (the feast of
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Linking the two sides is the Administration Area, with two panoramic lifts bringing visitors to each floor. The administration offices are on the sixth and seventh floors, and there are kitchens for each side.
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Some of the rock walls around the grotto bear clear signs of deliberate alteration, presumably to improve access for pilgrims. It is therefore no longer clear what the original configuration of the grotto was.
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The Rosary Basilica, known as the "Lower Basilica", was completed in 1899, and designed by architect Leopold Hardy. It was consecrated in 1901 and has a capacity of 1,500 worshipers. Its style is influenced by
843:. The statue stands across Rosary Square from the Rosary Basilica and faces the entrance. This prominent statue is a familiar landmark and a traditional meeting point. The statue is 2.5m high and cast in
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side of the grotto along the Massabielle rock. Pilgrims are helped by volunteers for a full immersion into the bath. Each year about 350,000 pilgrims bathe. It is not allowed to take pictures or videos.
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or contemplate. Pilgrims are asked to remain silent while in the vicinity to create an atmosphere of devotion. One of the spots where Bernadette prayed to the Virgin is marked by a special paving slab.
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niche where the Virgin appeared to Bernadette. The original wild rose bush was destroyed shortly after the apparitions by pilgrims seeking relics, but a newer one has been planted nearby.
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The Basilica of the Immaculate Conception, commonly known as the "Upper Basilica", was consecrated in 1876. It is an impressive, elaborate building in Gothic style, designed by architect
879:. There is also an open-air altar for outdoor ceremonies. In 2002 the Water Walk was introduced, across the Gave and slightly downstream from the grotto. It consists of a series of nine
561:. The nave is open and circular, surmounted by a dome. The exterior of the dome is surmounted by a dramatic gilded crown and cross, which were a gift from the people of Ireland in 1924.
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made during the apparitions and which is now part of the Lourdes pilgrimage. Pilgrims used to light candles near the grotto, along the Massabielle rock. Now they have to cross the
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799:, is situated at the far end of the esplanade, near St. Michael's Gate. It is a modern, concrete church, mostly underground, with little natural light. It was also designed by
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At least one contemporary account describes a series of chambers behind the statue's niche, which can only be reached by climbing "like a lizard" through clefts in the rocks.
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with 96 candles next to the altar is kept burning throughout the year. During the pilgrimage season, two pilgrimage Masses are usually celebrated each morning at the grotto.
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grotto while new fountains for pilgrims were created, baths were renovated and a new bridge was built. Chapel of lights were built on the right bank for pilgrims to light
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Another residency, the Accueil Marie St. Frai, is located a short distance outside the sanctuary; it is similar in design and atmosphere to the Accueil Notre Dame.
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plaques, and banners from official National Pilgrimages of the past. It has a series of stained-glass windows depicting various events in the story of Lourdes; the
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in 1941 provided official recognition of the sanctuary. Church officials successfully petitioned PĂ©tain to allow the Church to reclaim ownership of the sanctuary.
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Across the river from the grotto and the churches is the Accueil Notre Dame, a modern facility built in 1996 to house sick pilgrims during their time in Lourdes.
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have become polished. Also at the rear of the grotto is a metal box into which written prayers or petitions may be deposited; they are collected daily and burnt.
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Modern Lourdes contains many souvenir shops. Some visitors may dislike the commercialism of parts of Lourdes, with neon-emblazoned shops overflowing with what
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177:. On 11 February 1858, a 14-year-old peasant girl, called Bernadette Soubirous, said she saw a "lady" while playing near the grotto of Massabielle (from
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The grounds are open daily from 5 am until midnight; outside these times the grotto is accessible via the Lacets Gate behind the Upper Basilica.
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with a low water flow. New water taps were built on the bank, intended to filling bottles and containers with Lourdes water, away from the grotto.
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is small and a notable feature as are the enormous pillars which support the weight of the Upper Basilica, which was constructed on top of it.
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The Basilica of St. Pius X, known as the "Underground Basilica", is the largest of the sanctuary's churches. It was designed by the architect
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92:. The sanctuary includes several religious buildings and monuments around the grotto of Massabielle, the place where the events of the
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four is named after a specific saint, with female saints honoured on one side and male ones on the other. Each floor has a central
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Processions are held in the sanctuary, with the torchlight procession being perhaps the best-known and most visually impressive.
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were in charge of the sanctuary's administration. The first station was built in 1901, and the calvary was inaugurated in 1912.
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1248:"Inauguration du Projet Grotte, Coeur de Lourdes â [ Site d'informations en ligne, sur Lourdes et le Pays de Lourdes]"
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properties. Despite this, the water is itself a strong symbol of devotion for Lourdes pilgrims, and many buy statues and
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followed by volunteers carrying a replica of the Cabuchet statue of the Virgin Mary. Most participants carry a candle.
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304:) until Easter. On 11 February, the Feast of Our Lady of Lourdes, a full programme of activities usually takes place.
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In addition to washing their face at the fountains, pilgrims can immerse in baths filled with Lourdes water (called
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containers with water and another place intended for pilgrims to take water as a religious gesture, in the same way
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Across the Gave from the grotto is a wide, open, uncluttered space covered with grass and known in French as the
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very similar to the statue in the grotto of Massabielle. It has been known as the "crowned statue" after its
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The chapel of reconciliation formerly occupied a site slightly more remote, at the entrance of the upper
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and tell the priests to build a chapel at the grotto site where people were to come in procession.
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conference rooms and smaller rooms which may be used for devotional or non-devotional activity.
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The crypt is entered along a corridor, whose entrance is dominated by a large bronze statue of
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Typically, pilgrims arrive at the Accueil Notre Dame in specially adapted buses, either from
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is called the "grotto of Massabielle", which is the most famous place in the sanctuary. The
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The Basilica of the Immaculate Conception, commonly known as the Upper Basilica, Lourdes
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The exterior facade of the basilica was modified in 2007 to include a depiction of the
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Rosary Basilica at night, looking across Rosary Square during the Torchlight Procession
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is the tent-like chapel of adoration, consecrated in 1995 and given over entirely to
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During extreme weather conditions, the procession takes place inside the basilica.
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In addition to the three basilicas and the grotto area, the sanctuary has various
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or other services take place there; instead it is given over entirely to the
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containing small vials of it, and take home large plastic containers of it.
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1364:"Consuming VisionsâMass Culture and the Lourdes Shrine, Suzanne Kaufman"
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celebrated. Above the main recess is the niche where the "lady" seen by
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style and incorporates six decades. Behind the Crowned Statue is the
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The sanctuary is a destination for sick and disabled pilgrims as the
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with the spiritual phenomena he describes experiencing in Lourdes. (
181:: "old mass") with her sister and a friend, on the left bank of the
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1354:, Catholic Register Special, October 3, 2008. Accessed 11 Sep 2023.
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which used to be the refectory, and also houses the convent of the
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Looking out onto Rosary Square from the roof of the Rosary Basilica
112:, respectively known as the upper, lower and underground basilica.
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408:. Typically the bearer of the Blessed Sacrament is sheltered by a
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each year, and has a programme of devotional activities including
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in Rome, with some pilgrims also climbing it and on their knees.
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View of the Sanctuary of Our Lady of Lourdes from the town castle
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that Bernadette saw an authentic apparition of the Virgin Mary.
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The Basilica of the Immaculate Conception and Massabielle grotto
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Thirty full-time chaplains are employed in the sanctuary, from
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grotto. It includes the fourteen traditional stations of the
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The chapel of reconciliation is somewhat unusual in that no
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was standing during the apparitions and Fabisch's statue of
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The cures at Lourdes recognised as miraculous by the Church
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plaques, donated in thanks for spiritual favours received.
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1348:
The Miracle of Lourdes: A Message of Healing and Hope
855:, a large open walkway which is used for the processions.
197:"lady" eventually introduced herself to Bernadette as the
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The exterior is dominated by a 70 m (230 ft)
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St. Joseph's Chapel, named in honor of Mary's husband
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The sanctuary of Our Lady of Lourdes began with the
185:river. The "lady" was standing on a rose bush in a
2192:Sanctuary of Our Lady of the Rosary of San NicolĂĄs
867:, or in English, the meadow. In the corner of the
1537:Basilica of Our Lady of the Immaculate Conception
476:Basilica of Our Lady of the Immaculate Conception
189:above the main cavity of the Massabielle grotto.
102:Basilica of Our Lady of the Immaculate Conception
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1769:
828:The statue of the Crowned Virgin is a statue of
2208:Basilica of the Sacred Heart of Paray-le-Monial
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201:, which had been proclaimed as a dogma for the
883:at which there is a small Lourdes water font.
41:The Sanctuary of Our Lady of Lourdes from the
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1425:
1171:"70th official miraculous healing at Lourdes"
994:are strictly forbidden inside the sanctuary.
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2187:Shrine of the Virgin of the Rosary of Pompei
2147:Cathedral-Basilica of Our Lady of the Pillar
1350:, quoted by Fr. Thomas Rosica, CSB, in
1120:, Matthew James Publishing, 2003, pp. 52â53.
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982:, a supporter of the shrine, called "tawdry
367:at the same spot where it was discovered by
123:. The area is owned and administered by the
1262:Lourdes: Body and Spirit in the Secular Age
1091:Lourdes: Body and Spirit in the Secular Age
1057:Lourdes: Body and Spirit in the Secular Age
1044:Lourdes: Body and Spirit in the Secular Age
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125:Roman Catholic Diocese of Tarbes-et-Lourdes
2152:Chapel of Our Lady of the Miraculous Medal
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1366:, Book reviewed by Lawrence S. Cunningham
1289:"Fire ravages Chapels of Light in Lourdes"
1237:, Matthew James Publishing, 2003, p. 42-3.
652:Rows of benches allow visitors to sit and
1329:"tawdry relics, the bric-a-brac of piety"
1211:, Matthew James Publishing, 2003, p. 155.
1198:, Matthew James Publishing, 2003, p. 151.
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2228:Sanctuary of Saint Michael the Archangel
2177:Sanctuary of Our Lady of Graces of Onuva
1318:, Matthew James Publishing, 2003, p. 46.
1305:, Matthew James Publishing, 2003, p. 45.
1224:, Matthew James Publishing, 2003, p. 43.
1133:, Matthew James Publishing, 2003, p. 77.
1077:, Matthew James Publishing, 2003, p. 41.
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16:Marian shrine in Hautes-Pyrénées, France
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243:was commissioned to create a statue of
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2325:Tourist attractions in Hautes-Pyrénées
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739:and places intended for the pilgrims.
307:The sanctuary is fully active between
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209:in 1854. This convinced local priest
1149:Sacred Sites: World Pilgrimage Guide
439:The focus of this procession is the
331:is repeated in different languages.
267:The Sanctuary of Our Lady of Lourdes
2223:Shrine of the Sacred Heart of Jesus
1335:, A Visit To Lourdes, Fontana 1969.
697:
492:windows depict Mary as "the Second
67:Santuari de NĂČstra Senhora de Lorda
59:Sanctuaire de Notre-Dame de Lourdes
13:
1168:
1019:List of Christian pilgrimage sites
751:The Church of St. Bernadette is a
714:is another religious gesture that
706:Inside one of the chapels of light
321:adoration of the Blessed Sacrament
14:
2351:
2142:Basilica of Our Lady of Guadalupe
1386:
684:
545:
461:
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76:and pilgrimage site dedicated to
2330:Roman Catholic shrines in France
2245:
2167:Sanctuary of Our Lady of Lourdes
1751:
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1532:Sanctuary of Our Lady of Lourdes
1489:
1393:Sanctuary of Our Lady of Lourdes
1142:
990:stalls are privately owned, and
919:
806:
352:
51:Sanctuary of Our Lady of Lourdes
2335:Roman Catholic national shrines
2172:Shrine of Our Lady of Good Help
2162:Sanctuary of Our Lady of FĂĄtima
1370:, Commonweal 23 September 2005.
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1093:, Penguin Books, 1999, p. 365.
1049:
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1004:Roman Catholic Marian churches
594:
386:
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2213:Sanctuary of the Divine Mercy
1605:The Village of St. Bernadette
1399:The Grotto of the Apparitions
1059:, Penguin Books, 1999, p. 53.
1046:, Penguin Books, 1999, p. 52.
1029:
908:and a fifteenth station, the
271:Later, a visit to Lourdes by
239:In 1864, the French sculptor
2218:Sanctuary of Christ the King
973:
938:Sisters of Charity of Nevers
456:
395:Blessed Sacrament procession
285:Bishop of Tarbes and Lourdes
7:
2320:Churches in Hautes-Pyrénées
2067:Chaplet of the Divine Mercy
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785:sacrament of reconciliation
363:Lourdes water flows from a
325:sacrament of reconciliation
10:
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2310:Shrines to the Virgin Mary
1250:(in French). 4 April 2018.
1009:Shrines to the Virgin Mary
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1822:
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1743:Visions of Jesus and Mary
1696:
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1352:"The true joy of Lourdes"
1327:Muggeridge contrasts the
628:The grotto of Massabielle
603:is said to have seen the
254:François-Xavier Schoepfer
2103:Chaplet of Saint Michael
2016:First Saturdays Devotion
2006:Immaculate Heart of Mary
1999:First Thursdays Devotion
1582:Le pĂšlerinage de Lourdes
1368:University of Notre Dame
891:The sanctuary include a
768:Chapel of reconciliation
743:Church of St. Bernadette
668:Water taps and fountains
345:A container filled with
233:Bertrand-SĂ©vĂšre Laurence
2108:Prayer to Saint Michael
1706:Apparitional experience
1552:Lourdes grotto replicas
173:in 1858 in the town of
2252:Catholicism portal
2098:in the Catholic Church
2055:First Fridays Devotion
1644:Catholicism portal
1597:The Song of Bernadette
1589:The Song of Bernadette
1576:Lourdes Medical Bureau
1542:Basilica of St. Pius X
1401:â Online transmissions
1264:, Penguin Books, 1999.
929:
928:The Accueil Notre Dame
910:resurrection of Christ
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707:
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582:Basilica of St. Pius X
559:Byzantine architecture
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110:Basilica of St. Pius X
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1738:Vision (spirituality)
1624:Wax Museum of Lourdes
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1346:John Lochran (2007).
1024:Wax Museum of Lourdes
965:Lourdes train station
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881:stations of the Cross
841:Pier Francesco Meglia
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199:Immaculate Conception
139:, the offices of the
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2315:Supernatural healing
2281:43.09750°N 0.05833°W
1823:Extraordinary graces
1516:Marie Therese Vauzou
1506:Bernadette Soubirous
834:canonical coronation
716:Bernadette Soubirous
678:Bernadette Soubirous
641:now stands. A large
635:Bernadette Soubirous
601:Bernadette Soubirous
576:Underground Basilica
171:Bernadette Soubirous
2305:Our Lady of Lourdes
2277: /
2072:Divine Mercy novena
1782:Miracle of Lanciano
1777:Eucharistic miracle
1711:Christian mysticism
1558:Our Lady of Lourdes
1511:Dominique Peyramale
1471:Lourdes apparitions
1441:Our Lady of Lourdes
1376:20 May 2011 at the
1316:The Lourdes Pilgrim
1303:The Lourdes Pilgrim
1235:The Lourdes Pilgrim
1222:The Lourdes Pilgrim
1209:The Lourdes Pilgrim
1196:The Lourdes Pilgrim
1131:The Lourdes Pilgrim
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1075:The Lourdes Pilgrim
830:Our Lady of Lourdes
791:St. Joseph's Chapel
639:Our Lady of Lourdes
605:Lourdes apparitions
245:Our Lady of Lourdes
229:Dominique Peyramale
211:Dominique Peyramale
161:Lourdes apparitions
121:miraculous healings
94:Lourdes apparitions
78:Our Lady of Lourdes
2286:43.09750; -0.05833
1994:Acts of reparation
1794:Miracle of the Sun
1686:Private revelation
1450:Marian apparitions
1395:â Official website
1333:Jesus Rediscovered
1175:catholicherald.com
1169:Herald, Catholic.
980:Malcolm Muggeridge
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1770:Miraculous events
1733:Religious ecstasy
1728:Marian apparition
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877:Blessed Sacrament
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1600:(1943 film)
1463:Apparitions
801:Pierre Vago
720:Gave de Pau
710:Lighting a
595:Grotto area
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753:brutalist
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