55:, a traditional ceremony from Incan times that coincides with the June solstice. Inti Raymi is a ritual observed in the Ecuadorian highlands where people give thanks to "Pachamama", or "Mother Earth", and Inti, the sun god, for a good harvest and agricultural blessings. While the name "San Juan", in English "St. John", relates back to Catholicism, the festivities aren't necessarily associated with the saint. Another hypothesis behind the name "sanjuanito" is that it's derived from Peru's
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has also been used to describe these modern, and previously older, sanjuanitos, but it's often used as a pejorative label that signals indigeneity negatively, bad musical taste, or a general inferiority. The most popular example of a "chichera" song is "El
Conejito" by Los Conquistadores, which while popular, received intense scrutiny by the Ecuadorian elites. This song's popularity was then followed by the rise in success of Angel Guaraca and Bayronn Caicedo.
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Lyrics for this genre tend to be about everyday life, with more modern sanjuanitos discussing international migration as well as indigenous pride and unity. Modern sanjuanitos also have incorporated the use of electric guitars, electric bass, synthesizers, and drum kits. The term "chichera" music
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Up until the 1990s, Sanjuanitos were mainly associated with the working class, particularly lower-class mestizos and indigenous people. Meanwhile, the title "musica nacional" or national music was reserved for the elite class' preferences and definition of
Ecuadorian music, as was the case for
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Indigenous sanjuanitos see participants form a circle and dance around the central musicians in a ritual context. It features heterophonic melodies repeated with slight variations played by two indigenous flutes and accompanied by a
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Sanjuanitos gained popularity at the start of the 20th
Century with their pentatonic based melodies, binary meter, and use of minor mode. The music is written in 2/4 time and favors high-pitched vocal and instrumental timbres.
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Another type of sanjuanitos are those played by Pan-Andean
Folkloric ensembles. This type of sanjuanito has a greater fokloric image to it than urban popular music ones. This specific branch can feature a
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and dance. Sanjuanitos are an indigenous form of music and folkloric dance associated with the Sierra, Ecuador's mountainous Andean region. It's associated with, but not specific to, the
249:"La música nacional: Changing perceptions of the Ecuadorian national identity in the aftermath of the rural migration of the 1970s and the international migration of the late 1990s"
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67:. Nonetheless, sanjuanitos are like other mestizo genres and the result of many musical, social, and cultural elements fusing and influencing one another throughout history.
200:(30 March 2016). "La Música Nacional: A Metaphor for Contrasting Views of Ecuadorian National Identity". In Buchanan, Donna A. (ed.).
108:, guitars, and or brass bands to varying extents. Sanjuanitos are a mixture of at least some of the following instruments:
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While there is some variation between sanjuanitos, they generally consist of wind instruments, particularly flutes and
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Soundscapes from the
Americas: Ethnomusicological Essays on the Power, Poetics, and Ontology of Performance
88:. Mestizo sanjuanitos include more instrumentation, such as the guitar, accordion, violin, and flute.
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306:"LAINFLUENCIA DE LA MÚSICA ECUATORIANA (SANJUANITO) EN EL FORTALECIMIENTO DE LA CULTURA MUSICAL"
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Latin
American Music Review / Revista de Música Latinoamericana
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Indigenous and Afro-Ecuadorians Facing the Twenty-First
Century
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350:"Encuentros: Dances of the Inti Raymi in Cotacachi, Ecuador"
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Documental ¨San Juan Tayta
Imantag¨ (Fiestas de San Juan)
51:. It's typically celebrated on June 24, the same day as
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175:References
53:Inti Raymi
39:Background
21:Sanjuanito
130:Harmonica
387:Category
149:Charango
144:Rondador
139:Melodica
134:Bandolin
118:Pinkillu
106:panpipes
65:Pasillos
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127:Guitar
57:Huayno
362:JSTOR
123:Bombo
113:Quena
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71:Style
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