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647:.) Byne signaled Beloso to help him locate one; Beloso invited him to see the old Óvila monastery in December 1930, and Byne subsequently sent photographs and sketches to Hearst for approval. Byne listed specific elements, mostly architectural details, to be removed, such as vault ribs, door frames, window embrasures, columns and capitals. Some entire walls of fine facing stones were recommended for removal. He referred to the proposal as "Mountolive", possibly to misdirect the Spanish authorities who were in charge of protecting historical artifacts.
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feet." Hearst died in 1951, and Morgan died in 1957; neither of them saw anything built with the stones. Two fires in 1959 appeared to be arson, and many of the fire-heated stones were weakened or cracked from sudden cooling by water. In 1960, Steilberg was hired to inspect the stones once again; he used a ball-peen hammer to lightly strike each stone and listen for a solid ringing tone, or a dull thud which indicated cracking. He found that a little more than half the stones were sound.
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751:, with the upper floor built as a dormitory 27 by 90 feet (8.2 by 27.4 m) covered by a long barrel-vaulted ceiling. Outside of the bodega, crumbling walls, open yards and part of the Gothic roof of the church are visible. The double arches in the walls of the Renaissance-era cloister are still standing, but the arched roof is lost. The foundation of the church can be seen.
924:; they wrestled some of the monastery's stones into a religious circle, calling the circle Shiva Linga. The city sued to reclaim the area in 1993, but lost the battle in court. In January 1994 the city arranged to move the traffic bollard to Bowen's garage, serving as his temple. Bowen later offered the granite bollard for sale and admitted that the whole episode was a
296:, about 90 miles (140 km) northeast of Madrid. During prosperous times over the next four centuries, construction projects expanded and improved the small monastery. Its fortunes declined significantly in the 18th century, and in 1835 it was confiscated by the Spanish government and sold to private owners who used its buildings to shelter farm animals.
888:, allotting only $ 5,000 for trucking and for building rough sheds and protective covers. The museum plan was estimated to cost $ 500,000, but that amount was not available. Morgan prepared several layouts for the city to approve, each with a different arrangement of the buildings than in Spain. However, in December 1941, the U.S. was drawn into
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earthquake resistant as well; with a three-foot-thick (1 m) mat of concrete and steel underneath, such that "the entire building will move as one unit." The reassembled chapter house is the largest example of original
Cistercian Gothic architecture in the Western Hemisphere, and it is the oldest building in America west of the
1085:) next to the main cloister building. Architect Patrick Cole of Arcademe, overseeing the rebuilding project, said that there were more than half of the required stones for the chapter house. Of the missing stones, more than 90% were repeating-pattern stones with available templates to carve replacements.
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In 1999, some of the stones were used to construct an outdoor reading terrace adjoining the Helen
Crocker Russell Library of Horticulture, part of the Strybing Arboretum and Botanical Gardens in Golden Gate Park. Other stones were used for various purposes around Golden Gate Park and the Japanese Tea
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who arrived on March 9, 1931. Steilberg recommended that Hearst buy the old church portal, which he did, at Byne's price of $ 1,500. Under the direction of Byne and
Steilberg, the monastery was carefully labeled as it was dismantled stone by stone. Antonio Gomez, the local foreman praised by Byne and
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Meanwhile, Davis asked a museum staff member for permission to take several truckloads of stones to Vina to be used for architectural decoration. Park workers helped him load the most ornate pieces he could find, and they were hauled away. Not told of the arrangement, Burke discovered that Davis had
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that was to be larger than its predecessor. To prepare for the arrival of the
Spanish stones, Morgan drew up plans with the monastery's chapter house serving as the castle's entrance hall, and the large church enclosing a swimming pool. Other stones were designated as cladding for walls and rooms on
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was brought in to transport stones from the monastery to the ferry; its rails could be laid into any of the buildings. Men pushed the small rail cars along the narrow gauge tracks; the stones were then lifted into the ferry by crane, and another crane lifted them out of the ferry into trucks. One of
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From the 15th century, changes to the areas surrounding Santa María de Óvila initiated a slow decline. Civil wars depopulated the villages of the upper Tagus valley. The monastery's land holdings passed one by one into the hands of the new regional aristocracy: first the Count of
Cifuentes, followed
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Anales de la
Universidad de Madrid: Letras - Volume 2 - Page 2 Universidad Complutense de Madrid - 1933 "Il Cartulario de Óvila es un códice encuadernado modernamente y escrito a línea tirada y con clara y elegante letra gótica en el transcurso del siglo xm. Los títulos e iniciales de adorno son de
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partnered with the monks of New
Clairvaux to make a series of Belgian-style beers under the Ovila Abbey brand. In late 2010, the beer producer launched a website to tell about the making of the beer product line and the story of the restoration of the stones. Sierra Nevada founder Ken Grossman said
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factories could not make enough packing material to keep the crate-packing crew supplied. At one point, realizing that the stones were likely to be used in
California as external cladding for structural steel walls, Steilberg suggested the facing surface of each stone be sliced to a "veneer" of the
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14.0 m). She separated the chapter house stones, surrounded them with a fence and began creating templates for rebuilding the arched entrances. During 1980–1982 the museum board sought $ 45 million for an expansion project that included $ 3 million for rebuilding the chapter house.
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The city was unable to raise money to build the museum, and the stones were damaged in five fires. The first came soon after the crates were set down in Golden Gate Park. Morgan said that "piles of burning boxes were pulled over and down by the Fire
Department, many hurled over a hundred and fifty
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The new owners of Santa María de Óvila were well-to-do farmers who cared little for the buildings. For a brief time, the former monastery was used as a hostel, but mainly, the buildings were subjected to hard agricultural use as barns sheltering livestock. The chapter house served as a manure pit.
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After Hearst conveyed his enthusiasm for the project, Beloso sold Byne the stones for $ 85,000, including the cloister, the chapter house, the refectory and the dormitory for novices. With Byne's commission, Hearst was to pay $ 97,000, a price roughly equivalent to $ 1.72 million as of 2024.
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Byne rushed the project in fear that it might be halted at any time by the authorities—Spanish law prohibited the removal of historic artifacts. However, the
Spanish government was at that time in disarray and did not enforce the law. Government officials "simply looked the other way" as trucks
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After the Confiscations, many of the furnishings and artistic treasures of Santa María de Óvila passed to the surrounding parish churches, especially Ruguilla, Huet, Sotoca de Tajo and Carrascosa de Tajo. Other valuables, such as books and historic documents, were stolen and sold. The remaining
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In 1965, the Museum Society raised $ 40,000 to mount the grand portal of the old church. It was installed in the de Young Museum, the centerpiece of Hearst Court, the main exhibit hall. The rest of the stones were abandoned by the museum in May 1969 with the announcement that there would be no
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The strength of the building is twice what it was in Spain, with the stones supporting their own weight as designed, augmented by an external framework of steel and concrete to hold them together when the California ground shakes. Contractor Phil Sunseri said that the building foundation was
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style full of detail. Because of its prosperity and the multiple expansion projects, Santa María de Óvila exhibited examples of every Spanish religious architectural style used from 1200 to 1600. However, even at its height, Óvila remained one of the smallest Cistercian monasteries in the
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to inventory the remaining stones. She said it was "an excavation project" because of the weeds, blackberry brambles and tree roots growing over them. Burke identified about 60% of the stones belonging to the chapter house, a rectangular building originally spanning 31 by 46 feet (9.4 by
438:(dining hall). Some of the buildings were given seven-foot-thick (2 m) walls with slit windows, to serve as a refuge in case the Moors returned to the area. The church was built in the shape of a Latin cross with a nave divided into four sections, and a sanctuary with three square
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to grow wine grapes. Davis's superior met him at the airport and drove him through Golden Gate Park where he stopped to show Davis the stones sitting among the weeds. From time to time in subsequent years, Davis inspected the stones only to find them in increasingly poor condition.
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thickness of 6 inches (150 mm) for easier packing and shipping, but Hearst wanted to retain the authenticity of the full-sized stones. Byne and Steilberg judged certain walls and utility buildings worthless and left them in Spain. Steilberg returned home at the end of March.
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The Abbot-Emeritus of the Abbey of New Clairvaux, Fr. Thomas X.Davis, OCSO, first saw the stones and pictured them reassembled as a monastery on September 15, 1955—his first day in California. He arrived that day in San Francisco to serve as a new monk in
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of nearby Ruguilla had for years tried to save the monastery but had failed to interest the government in the expensive preservation proposal. Realizing that this was his last chance to document the place as its stones were being removed, he wrote a
880:, convinced Hearst to give the stones to the City of San Francisco in exchange for the city's payment of his $ 25,000 storage debt. Hearst stipulated the stones be used to construct a group of museum buildings adjoining the de Young Museum in
635:, was working for Hearst to acquire an old monastery in 1930. In 1925, Byne had bought Hearst the monastery of Santa María la Real de Sacramenia which was dismantled, crated and shipped to New York where it was stored in a warehouse in
692:, the new officials stopped the project. Byne's lawyer persuaded the Minister of Labor to allow the work to continue on the grounds that the project employed more than a hundred men and put money into the severely depressed economy.
586:, a comprehensive and thorough history of the Cistercian abbots and monks who lived in the monastery, which was written from March 1729 to February 1730 by Father Gerofeo, a Cistercian monk of the monastery of Valparaíso (Zámora).
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and the museum plans were shelved. Picking up the project in 1946, the city paid Morgan to construct a scale model of the complex of buildings which was to be the Museum of Medieval Arts, a West Coast version of
800:, was used for storage. With groundbreaking set for July 1931 and the last freighter carrying stones still in transit, Hearst stopped his grand plan for Wyntoon because his fortunes were too far reduced from the
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Other buildings were used as storage. In the early 20th century small trees were seen to be growing in the dirt packed atop the monastery roofs—the protective roof tiles had long since been taken down and sold.
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By the time the dismantling was finished on July 1, 1931, some 10,000 stones weighing a total of 2,200 short tons (2,000 t) were shipped on 11 different freighters traveling through the Panama Canal to
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Today, a few buildings remain of the original monastery in Spain. These include the winery or bodega, now the oldest surviving building on the site. This was built in the 13th century during the reign of
549:, French troops looted the buildings and used them as barracks. The monks were forced to leave in 1820 because of confiscations by a new liberal government, but they returned in 1823 after King
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rather than making their own as was done in the Middle Ages. Helmholz said of the opportunity offered by the project that it was "something most stonemasons don't do in all their career."
461:), consecrated the church in September 1213 and died days later. The surrounding area of Murel and Trillo along the Tagus prospered, giving tithes and gifts of land to the monastery. The
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In 1931, when the structure was examined by Arthur Byne, a scholar in Spanish architecture, it was being irreverently used for the various work and storage of a farm that surrounded it.
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restored conservative institutions. However, the nearby villagers denied support to the monastery despite its protection by the king. The monastery ceased to operate in 1835: the
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of its history and included a site plan of the layout of buildings, written from memory. As a result of his efforts, on June 3, 1931, Santa María de Óvila was listed as a
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The remains which Mr. Hearst purchased were (...) the chapel, the refectory, a cloister arcade, the chapter house, a rather complex triple doorway dormitory arch stones
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enforced a law declaring that minor religious holdings housing fewer than 12 residents were to be forfeit to the state; the monastery had only four monks and one
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Davis, Thomas X. (2004). "The saga of sacred stones: the chapter house of Santa Maria de Ovila". In Dutton, Marsha L.; Lacorte, Daniel M.; Lockey, Paul (eds.).
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780:-designed fantasy chalet which burned down in 1929. Hearst wanted to replace it with a great stone building fitted with towers and turrets—an eccentric castle
407:) first chose a site in Murel (now called Carrascosa de Tajo) on the Tagus, but after a few years, had to relocate to more fertile zone a few miles nearer to
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To move all the stones, Byne and Steilberg had a road built to the Tagus, and a barge attached to a fixed cable was assigned to ferry stones across. An old
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399:, Spain. In this endeavor, the king was following a general strategy of establishing Catholic institutions on land he had recently won in battle from the
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How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States: Addenda et Corrigenda
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taken some of the chapter house stones, and the museum board insisted these be returned. Davis was left with 58 stones from other monastery buildings.
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in Madrid, was the owner of Coto de San Bernardo in Óvila, which included expansive irrigated grain fields and forests surrounding the monastery.
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The ruins of Santa María de Óvila in Spain, shown more than 75 years after the most striking architectural features were removed by agents of
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1917:"El Monasterio de Ovila renace en la Casa de Guadalajara en Madrid: La historia del monasterio de alarga hasta tocar los siglos XI y XII"
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he had long been interested in making a line of Belgian beers, and the abbey's project provided a good opportunity. The first product, a
960:), and in 2008 it was associated with the construction of Kalmanovitz Hall. It serves as the backdrop of the outdoor Ovila Amphitheater (
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in June 1931, but not in time to prevent the mass removal of stones. Today, the remnant buildings and walls stand on private farmland.
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3,100 Spanish pesetas in 1928 could be exchanged for about 900 grams of gold. The same amount of gold was worth 600 to 700 US dollars.
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Byne started immediately on the project, organizing men and materials, and beginning the removal of stones. Hearst's main architect
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1953:"Rocks of Ages Monastery: Chunks of a 12th-century Spanish structure are at the heart of a rebirth, and a battle, in San Francisco"
714:(Cultural Property). Layna Serrano published his monograph in 1932. In 1933, the monastery's historic cartulary was brought to the
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How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States
1746:"Letter to Charles Griffith, City Architect, San Francisco (August 30, 1960): Stonework of the Monastery Of Santa Maria of Ovila"
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The construction began in 1181. The monastic quarters and the church were built over the following three decades. The central
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In 1191, the king confirmed the monastery and its surrounding fields as belonging to the Cistercian Order. The aged abbot of
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582:. The thick manuscript holds copies of royal privileges granted to the monastery throughout its history, as well as the
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bought parts of the monastery in 1931 with the intention of using its stones in the construction of a grand and fanciful
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2673:. The collected works of Layna (in Spanish). Vol. 5 (3 ed.). Guadalajara: AACHE Ediciones. pp. 162–164.
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500:. The cloister was rebuilt around 1617, and is of a simple design with little adornment surrounding a High Renaissance
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1723:. Monumentos, tesoros y lugares de España (in Spanish). Vol. 2–4 (2 ed.). Espasa-Calpe. pp. 26–29.
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reconstruction. After this, stones were occasionally taken by park workers and used to decorate Golden Gate Park.
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Steilberg, numbered the blocks on architectural drawings and painted the number in red on the back of each stone.
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2346:"Precious Stone: One Man's Traffic Barrier Is Another's Sacred Relic—Just Ask San Francisco Guru Baba Kali Das"
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The portal of the church of Santa María de Óvila was finally installed in 2008 in the Ovila Amphitheater (2011)
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2758:"Moving a monastery from Spain to San Francisco - A Lecture at the San Francisco Museum of Art (Fall, 1941)"
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1332:. Tierra de Castilla-La Mancha (in Spanish). Vol. 5. AACHE Ediciones de Guadalajara. pp. 145–147.
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1004:, at the monastery of Our Lady of New Clairvaux. The monastery belonged to Trappists of the order known as
504:. The final phase of building took place around 1650, with a new doorway for the church, completed in late
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1125:. Sierra Nevada has dedicated a percentage of the beer sales to assist in funding the rebuilding project.
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639:. (In 1954 it was re-assembled in Florida as a tourist attraction, and was subsequently acquired by the
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2179:"Firemen put out fire in packing cases which damaged parts of a Spanish monastery in Golden Gate Park"
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2785:. Julia Morgan architectural history project. Vol. 1. University of California. pp. 329–333
2764:. Julia Morgan architectural history project. Vol. 1. University of California. pp. 329–333
1897:. Julia Morgan architectural history project. Vol. 1. University of California. pp. 226–357
1752:. Julia Morgan architectural history project. Vol. 1. University of California. pp. 329–333
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1491:. Tierra de Guadalajara (in Spanish). Vol. 46. AACHE Ediciones de Guadalajara. pp. 27–42.
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1366:. Cambridge Studies in Medieval Literature. Vol. 5. Cambridge University Press. p. 102.
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In 1983 and 1987, Davis made unsuccessful requests for all of the chapter house stones. After the
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Garden, taken unofficially by park workers as they saw fit. Some of these ended up in the park's
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contents were auctioned, including wine-making equipment and an oxcart. The precious 328-pages
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In 1928, the Spanish state sold the monastery to Fernando Beloso for a little more than 3,100
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Layna Serrano, Francisco (September–October 1941). "El monasterio de Ovila en Norteamérica".
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1984:(in Spanish). Ediciones y Publicaciones Guadalajara 2000. September 10, 2008. Archived from
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1572:"Oseira: Un monasterio gallego con resonancias alcarreñas – Los Escritos de Herrera Casado"
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for decades. These stones are now in various locations around California: the old church
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Kingsley, Karen (Spring 1985). "William Randolph Hearst and the Politics of Patronage".
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Biografía del insigne soriano San Martín de Finojosa Abad de Huerta y Obispo de Sigüenza
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2779:"Letter to M. Clements, Jr. - Outlining the Monastery's Chronology (February 27, 1975)"
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920:, calling himself Guru Baba Kali Das, began to worship the phallus-shaped bollard as a
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The monastery of Santa María de Óvila was founded in 1175 by a grant of land from King
496:. The church was rebuilt sometime before 1650 in a late Gothic style with a prominent
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Photographs of the reassembly of the chapter house portal, archived from the original
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Truth as gift: studies in medieval Cistercian history in honor of John R. Sommerfeldt
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1238:(in Spanish). Soria: Sociedad Económica Numantina de Amigos del País. pp. 33–34.
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In 1981, architectural historian Margaret Burke began working under a grant from the
730:. In 1931 currency, the monastery project had cost Hearst about one million dollars.
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Monasterios y conventos de Castilla-La Mancha: una guía para conocerlos y visitarlos
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amid the monastery stones; the 4-foot (1.2 m) tall bollard was once used as a
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2589:"Santa Maria de Ovila: Its History in Twentieth Century in Spain and California"
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Hearst first bought the monastery intending to replace the family retreat at
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requested that it be returned to Spain, but Hearst refused. In August 1941,
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2698:"Reconstructing the chapter house of Santa Maria de Ovila: the first steps"
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San Francisco's Golden Gate Park: A Thousand and Seventeen Acres of Stories
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Patrimonio desaparecido de Guadalajara: una guía para conocerlo y evocarlo
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The Cantar de mio Cid: Poetic Creation in Its Economic and Social Contexts
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El monasterio de Ovila: Monografía sobre otro monumento español expatriado
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1548:. 2 (in Spanish). Vol. 2. Madrid: Anales de la Universidad de Madrid
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In 2002, the old church portal was donated by the de Young Museum to the
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spent roughly $ 1 million to obtain the monastery's finest features.
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484:(dining hall) shows an architectural style in transition between earlier
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2729:. Vol. 204. Kalamazoo: Cistercian Publications. pp. 145–167.
1659:. Obras completas de Layna (in Spanish). Vol. 8. AACHE Ediciones.
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The Right to Be Wrong: Ending the Culture War Over Religion in America
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In 1989 or 1990, a San Francisco city worker dumped an unused granite
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In 1940, Hearst decided to give the monastery away. The government of
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in remote Northern California. The original building was his mother's
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abdicated in April 1931, leaving the government in the control of the
2233:. Lerner Biographies. Twenty-First Century Books. pp. 118, 120.
2206:"From Hearst to monks, rubble from historic monastery finds new life"
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343:'s botanical garden. To support the chapter house project, a line of
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2089:"Everything Old Is New Again: Monks build anew with ancient stones"
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Fried, Alexander (1941). "The Monastery of Santa Maria de Ovila".
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the biggest problems that Byne encountered was that Spain's three
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Bien de Interés Cultural landmarks in the Province of Guadalajara
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916:. Some self-styled Hindu park users led by performance artist
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Patrimonio Historico – Base de datos de bienes inmuebles
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411:, where a flat hilltop by the river commanded a modest view.
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2704:. Vol. 2. Kalamazoo: Cistercian Publications. pp.
2595:. Vol. 1. Kalamazoo: Cistercian Publications. pp.
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339:. Other stones are serving as simple decorative elements in
1978:"Trillo intenta guiar a los turistas a las ruinas de Óvila"
1891:"Walter Steilberg, architect: the man, his times, his work"
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1923:(in Spanish). Grupo de Comunicación La Cerca. May 26, 2010
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was bordered on the north by the church, on the west by a
2402:"Scattered Remains of the Santa Maria de Ovila Monastery"
578:) went to a private owner but was donated in 1925 to the
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Former 12th-century Cistercian monastery in Trillo, Spain
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La arquitectura española en sus monumentos desaparecidos
991:), near an older Romanesque portal from Northern Italy.
2800:"Ovila: el desdichado final de un monasterio alcarreño"
2296:. Graphic Arts Center Publishing. pp. 69, 74, 78.
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Best Of Award: Best Dismembered Piece of Hearst Legacy
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tinta roja. Como en otros cartularios de la misma ..."
1008:. The monks farmed and worshiped on land once used by
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Rebuilt buildings and structures in the United States
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Christian monasteries established in the 13th century
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Ground was broken in 2003 on the site of an orchard (
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Former Roman Catholic church buildings in California
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European medieval architecture in the United States
1601:"Abadologio del monasterio de Santa María de Ovila"
2828:Óvila, setenta y cinco años después (de su exilio)
1653:Layna Serrano, Francisco (1998) . "Introducción".
1231:
541:A fire destroyed part of the monastery during the
2830:(in Spanish). Guadalajara: Editores del Henares.
2825:
2797:
2628:(in Spanish). Madrid: Espasa-Calpe. p. 169.
1718:
1247:
1245:
2917:
2455:
2453:
2451:
2449:
1888:
1449:Cartulario del Monasterio de Óvila: (siglo XIII)
718:and published; the original was archived at the
2531:"Sierra Nevada Creating New Ovila Beer in 2012"
2011:"William Randolph Hearst and the Sacred Stones"
2005:
2003:
1772:
1770:
1478:
1476:
1411:
1409:
1407:
1405:
1403:
403:. The Cistercian "white monks" (wearing undyed
245:Official name: Monasterio de Santa María Óvila
2852:Picasa photo collection of New Clairvaux Abbey
1946:
1944:
1942:
1940:
1938:
1569:
1545:Cartulario del Monasterio de Óvila, siglo XIII
1541:
1535:
1446:
1401:
1399:
1397:
1395:
1393:
1391:
1389:
1387:
1385:
1383:
1323:
1242:
1221:(in Spanish). Nuevas Gráficas. pp. 78–82.
1185:
1183:
939:
2783:The work of Walter Steilberg and Julia Morgan
2762:The work of Walter Steilberg and Julia Morgan
2668:
2649:
2640:
2446:
2430:. University of San Francisco. Archived from
2203:
2197:
1895:The work of Walter Steilberg and Julia Morgan
1750:The work of Walter Steilberg and Julia Morgan
1652:
1612:List of the abbots of the monastery 1210-1835
1482:
1216:
1181:
1179:
1177:
1175:
1173:
1171:
1169:
1167:
1165:
1163:
613:Dismantled cloister of the abbey in the 1930s
2285:
2283:
2268:. Chico Community Publishing. March 14, 2002
2177:City of San Francisco (September 15, 1941).
2049:
2047:
2000:
1796:
1767:
1473:
1355:
1353:
1319:
1317:
1315:
1313:
1311:
1301:
1299:
1297:
1295:
1293:
1291:
1289:
1287:
1285:
1283:
1281:
1279:
1277:
488:and contemporary Gothic. A fine High Gothic
121:
2976:Relocated buildings and structures in Spain
2289:
2152:"Spanish monastery after being hit by fire"
2118:
2116:
2114:
2112:
2110:
2083:
2081:
1935:
1712:
1598:
1380:
1275:
1273:
1271:
1269:
1267:
1265:
1263:
1261:
1259:
1257:
1089:Oskar Kempf and Frank Helmholz used modern
446:had a central square topped by a pentagon.
2702:Studies in Cistercian Art and Architecture
2593:Studies in Cistercian Art and Architecture
2554:"Review: Sierra Nevada Ovila Abbey Dubbel"
2034:Southeastern College Art Conference Review
1160:
1020:View from inside the rebuilt 800-year-old
580:Monastery of Santa María la Real of Oseira
555:Ecclesiastical Confiscations of Mendizábal
476:The first buildings were completed in the
27:
2755:
2620:
2533:. Beerstreetjournal.com. October 25, 2011
2459:
2280:
2226:
2044:
1743:
1565:
1563:
1416:Clements, Robert M. Jr (April–May 1981).
1350:
1308:
994:
2951:Former buildings and structures in Spain
2862:Old and new photographs of the monastery
2551:
2107:
2078:
2031:
1823:
1803:
1776:
1695:. Continental. 1928. pp. 1157–1159.
1648:
1646:
1644:
1642:
1640:
1594:
1592:
1570:Herrera Casado, Antonio (23 June 1995).
1415:
1254:
1045:
1015:
943:
737:
608:
597:
593:
524:
288:built in Spain beginning in 1181 on the
2826:Merino de Cáceres, José Miguel (2008).
2798:Merino de Cáceres, José Miguel (1985).
2671:La arquitectura románica en Guadalajara
2654:(in Spanish). Madrid: AACHE Ediciones.
2460:Patterson, Margot (December 12, 2008).
1950:
1846:"Consumer Price Index (estimate) 1800–"
1225:
1189:
60:Ecclesiastical or organizational status
2918:
2776:
2316:
2150:City of San Francisco (May 28, 1959).
1870:. The American Institute of Architects
1865:
1560:
1359:
2722:
2695:
2586:
2053:
1844:Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis.
1777:Chawkins, Steve (November 29, 2010).
1637:
1630:. M.H. De Young Memorial Museum: 36.
1621:
1589:
1418:"William Randolph Hearst's Monastery"
1326:"Monasterio de Ovila, junto a Trillo"
2290:Pollock, Chris; Katz, Erica (2001).
2122:
1192:"The Monastery Stones—Final Chapter"
1006:Cistercians of the Strict Observance
536:Rui Gomes da Silva, Duke of Pastrana
529:Enameled monastery sign shows damage
354:In Spain, the new government of the
2204:Van Niekerken, Bill (19 Feb 2018).
1951:Banisky, Sandy (February 4, 1997).
1232:González Cabrerizo, Eliseo (1929).
1148:(in Spanish). Ministerio de Cultura
807:
742:The ruins of the monastery in Spain
680:hauled 700-year-old stones through
576:libro tumbo de Santa María de Óvila
13:
2689:
1866:Hadley, Nancy (October 28, 2009).
1599:Yáñez Neira, María Damián (1986).
641:Episcopal Diocese of South Florida
14:
3002:
2966:Monasteries in Castilla–La Mancha
2845:
2700:. In Lillich, Meredith P. (ed.).
2669:Layna Serrano, Francisco (2001).
2650:Layna Serrano, Francisco (1998).
2591:. In Lillich, Meredith P. (ed.).
2552:Greenlee, Steve (June 22, 2011).
2324:. Encounter Books. pp. 3–4.
2230:Julia Morgan, architect of dreams
2054:Smith, Matt (December 29, 1999).
1889:Steilberg Lawton, Helena (1976).
1868:"Walter T. Steilberg (1887–1974)"
1719:Navascués Palacio, Pedro (1985).
1485:"El Monasterio de Ovila (Trillo)"
1483:García De Paz, José Luis (2003).
1217:Layna Serrano, Francisco (1932).
1142:"Monasterio de Santa María Ovila"
480:style, including the church. The
2903:
2891:
2879:
1542:Millares Carlo, Agustín (1933).
1447:Millares Carlo, Agustín (1933).
1324:Herrera Casado, Antonio (2005).
1050:One of the Ovila brand beverages
849:
838:
827:
816:
733:
120:
113:
2941:Cistercian monasteries in Spain
2545:
2523:
2501:
2492:St. Bernard de Clairvaux Church
2484:
2420:
2394:
2368:
2338:
2310:
2220:
2170:
2143:
2125:"Reconstruction: A New Chapter"
2025:
1970:
1909:
1882:
1859:
1779:"Building with beer and mortar"
1737:
1700:
1685:
1615:
1526:
1514:
1511:Layna Serrano, 1932, pp. 99–106
1505:
1463:
1440:
645:St. Bernard de Clairvaux Church
492:was built of best quality hard
2931:Churches in Castilla–La Mancha
2781:. In Reiss, Suzanne B. (ed.).
2760:. In Reiss, Suzanne B. (ed.).
2185:. San Francisco Public Library
2158:. San Francisco Public Library
2123:Kahn, Eve M. (December 2007).
1893:. In Reiss, Suzanne B. (ed.).
1748:. In Reiss, Suzanne B. (ed.).
1251:Layna Serrano, 1932, pp. 34–46
1210:
1134:
878:M. H. de Young Memorial Museum
102:Guadalajara, Castile-La Mancha
1:
2956:Former churches in California
2756:Steilberg, Walter T. (1976).
2579:
2494:is larger and older than the
1744:Steilberg, Walter T. (1976).
1693:The New Century Book of Facts
1110:Sierra Nevada Brewing Company
754:
655:sent her associate architect
543:War of the Spanish Succession
370:
351:under the Ovila Abbey brand.
349:Sierra Nevada Brewing Company
2961:History of Spain by location
2509:"Whois Record For OvIla.com"
1838:American Antiquarian Society
1818:American Antiquarian Society
7:
1610:(in Spanish) (13): 131–194.
1532:Layna Serrano, 1932, p. 129
1198:. San Francisco City Guides
1041:1989 Loma Prieta earthquake
954:University of San Francisco
940:University of San Francisco
574:of the monastery (Spanish:
430:, the priory cell, and the
321:University of San Francisco
10:
3007:
2981:Ruins in the United States
2645:(in Spanish). Madrid: 484.
2466:National Catholic Reporter
2227:Wadsworth, Ginger (1991).
1360:Duggan, Joseph J. (2008).
759:
706:National Monument of Spain
564:
520:
365:
2262:"A time to gather stones"
2208:. San Francisco Chronicle
358:declared the monastery a
268:
260:
250:
243:
237:Spanish Cultural Heritage
234:
226:
211:
195:
181:
176:
137:
108:
93:
88:
80:
70:
58:
46:
41:
26:
21:
2696:Burke, Margaret (1984).
2587:Burke, Margaret (1982).
1128:
711:Bien de Interés Cultural
684:to the docks. When King
2777:Hussey, Edward (1976).
2643:Archivo Español de Arte
2624:, Juan Antonio (1961).
2266:Chico News & Review
697:Francisco Layna Serrano
633:William Randolph Hearst
603:William Randolph Hearst
377:Alfonso VIII of Castile
301:William Randolph Hearst
272:(R.I.)-51-0000612-00000
35:William Randolph Hearst
2652:El monasterio de Ovila
2496:Abbey of New Clairvaux
2376:"Dog Bites: False God"
2356:(23). December 5, 1994
1656:El Monasterio de Ovila
1624:The Pacific Art Review
1190:Leibman, Jack (2006).
1051:
1024:
995:Abbey of New Clairvaux
949:
743:
614:
606:
575:
530:
469:, is preserved at the
333:Abbey of New Clairvaux
139:Geographic coordinates
2926:Church ruins in Spain
2434:on September 13, 2011
1721:Monasterios de España
1706:García De Paz, 2003,
1520:García De Paz, 2003,
1121:and in November by a
1049:
1019:
947:
790:Port of San Francisco
768:, on the bank of the
741:
612:
601:
594:Removal to California
528:
451:Santa María de Huerta
426:, on the east by the
53:Roman Catholic Church
2129:Traditional Building
1988:on September 5, 2012
1073:39.9372°N 122.0632°W
874:Herbert Fleishhacker
859:Monastery stones in
720:University of Oviedo
716:University of Madrid
561:, who were cast out.
471:University of Madrid
279:Santa María de Óvila
22:Santa María de Óvila
2066:on November 4, 2012
1069: /
979:37.7757°N 122.451°W
975: /
934:AIDS Memorial Grove
886:Japanese Tea Garden
657:Walter T. Steilberg
623:Spanish Credit Bank
467:Cartulario de Óvila
409:Trillo, Guadalajara
393:Valladolid Province
345:Belgian-style beers
327:was reassembled by
319:was erected at the
299:American publisher
294:Trillo, Guadalajara
157: /
1982:Guadalajara DosMil
1078:39.9372; -122.0632
1052:
1025:
950:
876:, director of the
785:the ground floor.
749:Henry I of Castile
744:
615:
607:
531:
455:Martín de Finojosa
161:40.7008°N 2.5572°W
129:Shown within Spain
2837:978-84-612-1595-9
2736:978-0-87907-304-6
2715:978-0-87907-866-9
2680:978-84-95179-58-6
2661:978-84-95179-02-9
2606:978-0-87907-866-9
2472:on April 10, 2011
2428:"Thacher Gallery"
2408:. SF Weekly. 2000
2183:Picture #AAA-8074
2156:Picture #AAA-8069
1783:Los Angeles Times
1576:herreracasado.com
1422:American Heritage
1373:978-0-521-06297-8
1029:Hearst Foundation
984:37.7757; -122.451
958:Jesuit university
926:performance piece
794:Fisherman's Wharf
515:region of Castile
389:Valbuena de Duero
360:National Monument
276:
275:
2998:
2908:
2907:
2906:
2896:
2895:
2884:
2883:
2875:
2841:
2822:
2804:
2794:
2792:
2790:
2773:
2771:
2769:
2752:
2750:
2748:
2743:on 1 August 2012
2739:. Archived from
2719:
2684:
2665:
2646:
2637:
2617:
2615:
2613:
2574:
2573:
2571:
2569:
2560:. Archived from
2549:
2543:
2542:
2540:
2538:
2527:
2521:
2520:
2518:
2516:
2505:
2499:
2488:
2482:
2481:
2479:
2477:
2468:. Archived from
2462:"Stone by stone"
2457:
2444:
2443:
2441:
2439:
2424:
2418:
2417:
2415:
2413:
2398:
2392:
2391:
2389:
2387:
2372:
2366:
2365:
2363:
2361:
2342:
2336:
2335:
2314:
2308:
2307:
2287:
2278:
2277:
2275:
2273:
2258:
2245:
2244:
2224:
2218:
2217:
2215:
2213:
2201:
2195:
2194:
2192:
2190:
2174:
2168:
2167:
2165:
2163:
2147:
2141:
2140:
2138:
2136:
2120:
2105:
2104:
2102:
2100:
2085:
2076:
2075:
2073:
2071:
2062:. Archived from
2051:
2042:
2041:
2029:
2023:
2022:
2020:
2018:
2007:
1998:
1997:
1995:
1993:
1974:
1968:
1967:
1965:
1963:
1948:
1933:
1932:
1930:
1928:
1913:
1907:
1906:
1904:
1902:
1886:
1880:
1879:
1877:
1875:
1863:
1857:
1856:
1854:
1852:
1841:
1835:
1821:
1815:
1800:
1794:
1793:
1791:
1789:
1774:
1765:
1764:
1759:
1757:
1741:
1735:
1734:
1716:
1710:
1704:
1698:
1696:
1689:
1683:
1682:
1680:
1678:
1669:. Archived from
1650:
1635:
1634:
1619:
1613:
1611:
1605:
1596:
1587:
1586:
1584:
1582:
1567:
1558:
1557:
1555:
1553:
1539:
1533:
1530:
1524:
1518:
1512:
1509:
1503:
1502:
1480:
1471:
1467:
1461:
1460:
1444:
1438:
1437:
1435:
1433:
1413:
1378:
1377:
1357:
1348:
1343:
1321:
1306:
1303:
1252:
1249:
1240:
1239:
1229:
1223:
1222:
1214:
1208:
1207:
1205:
1203:
1187:
1158:
1157:
1155:
1153:
1138:
1084:
1083:
1081:
1080:
1079:
1074:
1070:
1067:
1066:
1065:
1062:
1002:Vina, California
990:
989:
987:
986:
985:
980:
976:
973:
972:
971:
968:
882:Golden Gate Park
870:Francisco Franco
861:Golden Gate Park
853:
842:
831:
820:
808:Golden Gate Park
802:Great Depression
798:Hyde Street Pier
347:was produced by
341:Golden Gate Park
337:Vina, California
222:
220:
172:
171:
169:
168:
167:
166:40.7008; -2.5572
162:
158:
155:
154:
153:
150:
124:
123:
117:
72:Year consecrated
31:
19:
18:
3006:
3005:
3001:
3000:
2999:
2997:
2996:
2995:
2916:
2915:
2914:
2904:
2902:
2890:
2878:
2870:
2848:
2838:
2802:
2788:
2786:
2767:
2765:
2746:
2744:
2737:
2716:
2692:
2690:Further reading
2687:
2681:
2662:
2611:
2609:
2607:
2582:
2577:
2567:
2565:
2564:on May 31, 2012
2550:
2546:
2536:
2534:
2529:
2528:
2524:
2514:
2512:
2507:
2506:
2502:
2489:
2485:
2475:
2473:
2458:
2447:
2437:
2435:
2426:
2425:
2421:
2411:
2409:
2400:
2399:
2395:
2385:
2383:
2382:. April 5, 1995
2374:
2373:
2369:
2359:
2357:
2344:
2343:
2339:
2332:
2315:
2311:
2304:
2288:
2281:
2271:
2269:
2260:
2259:
2248:
2241:
2225:
2221:
2211:
2209:
2202:
2198:
2188:
2186:
2175:
2171:
2161:
2159:
2148:
2144:
2134:
2132:
2131:. Restore Media
2121:
2108:
2098:
2096:
2087:
2086:
2079:
2069:
2067:
2052:
2045:
2030:
2026:
2016:
2014:
2013:. Sacred Stones
2009:
2008:
2001:
1991:
1989:
1976:
1975:
1971:
1961:
1959:
1949:
1936:
1926:
1924:
1915:
1914:
1910:
1900:
1898:
1887:
1883:
1873:
1871:
1864:
1860:
1850:
1848:
1833:
1825:McCusker, J. J.
1813:
1805:McCusker, J. J.
1801:
1797:
1787:
1785:
1775:
1768:
1755:
1753:
1742:
1738:
1731:
1717:
1713:
1705:
1701:
1691:
1690:
1686:
1676:
1674:
1667:
1651:
1638:
1620:
1616:
1603:
1597:
1590:
1580:
1578:
1568:
1561:
1551:
1549:
1540:
1536:
1531:
1527:
1519:
1515:
1510:
1506:
1499:
1481:
1474:
1468:
1464:
1445:
1441:
1431:
1429:
1414:
1381:
1374:
1358:
1351:
1340:
1322:
1309:
1304:
1255:
1250:
1243:
1230:
1226:
1215:
1211:
1201:
1199:
1188:
1161:
1151:
1149:
1140:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1103:Rocky Mountains
1077:
1075:
1071:
1068:
1063:
1060:
1058:
1056:
1055:
1010:Leland Stanford
997:
983:
981:
977:
974:
969:
966:
964:
962:
961:
942:
914:traffic barrier
866:
865:
864:
863:
856:
855:
854:
845:
844:
843:
834:
833:
832:
823:
822:
821:
810:
778:Bernard Maybeck
762:
757:
736:
690:Second Republic
643:and called the
596:
567:
523:
498:vaulted ceiling
401:Moors of Iberia
373:
368:
356:Second Republic
239:
218:
216:
165:
163:
159:
156:
151:
148:
146:
144:
143:
133:
132:
131:
130:
127:
126:
125:
37:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3004:
2994:
2993:
2988:
2983:
2978:
2973:
2968:
2963:
2958:
2953:
2948:
2943:
2938:
2933:
2928:
2913:
2912:
2900:
2888:
2866:
2865:
2859:
2854:
2847:
2846:External links
2844:
2843:
2842:
2836:
2823:
2809:(in Spanish).
2795:
2774:
2753:
2735:
2720:
2714:
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2309:
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2279:
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2219:
2196:
2169:
2142:
2106:
2077:
2056:"Abbey's Road"
2043:
2024:
1999:
1969:
1934:
1908:
1881:
1858:
1842:1800–present:
1795:
1766:
1736:
1729:
1711:
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1684:
1665:
1636:
1614:
1588:
1559:
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1513:
1504:
1497:
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1462:
1451:(in Spanish).
1439:
1379:
1372:
1349:
1338:
1307:
1253:
1241:
1224:
1209:
1159:
1132:
1130:
1127:
1091:hydraulic lime
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668:trench railway
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895:The Cloisters
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728:San Francisco
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2886:Architecture
2867:
2864:(in Spanish)
2827:
2810:
2806:
2787:. Retrieved
2782:
2766:. Retrieved
2761:
2745:. Retrieved
2741:the original
2725:
2701:
2670:
2651:
2642:
2625:
2610:. Retrieved
2592:
2566:. Retrieved
2562:the original
2558:Boston Globe
2557:
2547:
2535:. Retrieved
2525:
2513:. Retrieved
2503:
2486:
2474:. Retrieved
2470:the original
2465:
2436:. Retrieved
2432:the original
2422:
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2405:
2396:
2384:. Retrieved
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2370:
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2182:
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2128:
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2068:. Retrieved
2064:the original
2059:
2037:
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2027:
2015:. Retrieved
1990:. Retrieved
1986:the original
1981:
1972:
1960:. Retrieved
1956:
1925:. Retrieved
1920:
1911:
1899:. Retrieved
1894:
1884:
1872:. Retrieved
1861:
1851:February 29,
1849:. Retrieved
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1809:
1798:
1786:. Retrieved
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1687:
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1671:the original
1655:
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1329:
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1200:. Retrieved
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1150:. Retrieved
1145:
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1107:
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1053:
1038:
1034:
1026:
998:
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930:
907:
903:
899:
890:World War II
867:
787:
774:Mount Shasta
763:
745:
724:
709:
694:
686:Alfonso XIII
678:
662:
653:Julia Morgan
649:
627:
616:
588:
583:
568:
540:
532:
475:
466:
448:
413:
397:Castile-Leon
374:
353:
298:
281:is a former
278:
277:
244:
177:Architecture
2898:Catholicism
2813:: 167–211.
2612:January 28,
2568:January 28,
2537:November 9,
2515:November 9,
2490:Romanesque
2360:January 28,
2095:. June 2003
1822:1700–1799:
1802:1634–1699:
1432:January 25,
1305:Burke, 1982
1087:Stonemasons
1076: /
1064:122°03′48″W
982: /
970:122°27′04″W
665:World War I
629:Arthur Byne
559:lay brother
510:Plateresque
506:Renaissance
290:Tagus River
264:4 June 1931
206:Renaissance
164: /
48:Affiliation
2920:Categories
2580:References
1344:(See also
1196:Guidelines
1061:39°56′14″N
967:37°46′33″N
755:California
584:Abadologio
486:Romanesque
444:presbytery
381:Cistercian
371:Foundation
323:, and the
283:Cistercian
261:Designated
149:40°42′03″N
2819:433414662
2634:557928321
2622:Gaya Nuño
2476:March 10,
2438:March 10,
2412:March 10,
2272:March 20,
2135:March 10,
2099:March 10,
2060:SF Weekly
1927:March 10,
1677:March 10,
1457:954094527
1123:Quadrupel
702:monograph
673:excelsior
637:the Bronx
572:cartulary
494:limestone
482:refectory
463:cartulary
459:canonized
453:, bishop
436:refectory
383:monks of
286:monastery
227:Completed
186:Monastery
152:2°33′26″W
84:Abandoned
2386:March 8,
2320:(2005).
2212:25 March
2093:Adoremus
2017:March 9,
1962:March 9,
1921:La Cerca
1874:March 8,
1827:(1992).
1807:(1997).
1788:March 8,
1202:March 8,
796:and the
682:Valencia
428:sacristy
416:cloister
329:Trappist
255:Monument
94:Location
89:Location
42:Religion
2872:Portals
2789:13 July
2768:13 July
2747:29 July
2706:241–248
2380:SF Gate
2189:24 July
2162:24 July
1992:May 13,
1901:13 July
1756:13 July
1581:29 July
1552:29 July
1152:13 July
1108:Nearby
910:bollard
788:At the
766:Wyntoon
760:Wyntoon
695:Doctor
619:pesetas
565:Vacancy
521:Decline
457:(later
379:to the
366:History
309:Wyntoon
217: (
104:, Spain
2834:
2817:
2733:
2712:
2677:
2658:
2632:
2603:
2350:People
2328:
2300:
2237:
2070:May 4,
1727:
1663:
1495:
1455:
1370:
1336:
1119:Saison
1115:Dubbel
1095:mortar
922:lingam
502:arcade
478:Gothic
442:. Its
422:great
405:habits
317:portal
305:castle
202:Gothic
190:Church
98:Trillo
81:Status
2910:Spain
2803:(PDF)
2597:78–87
1834:(PDF)
1814:(PDF)
1708:p. 32
1604:(PDF)
1522:p. 30
1129:Notes
782:folly
772:near
708:, or
440:apses
292:near
197:Style
65:Abbey
2832:ISBN
2815:OCLC
2791:2012
2770:2012
2749:2012
2731:ISBN
2710:ISBN
2675:ISBN
2656:ISBN
2630:OCLC
2614:2012
2601:ISBN
2570:2012
2539:2011
2517:2011
2478:2011
2440:2011
2414:2011
2388:2011
2362:2012
2326:ISBN
2298:ISBN
2274:2012
2235:ISBN
2214:2022
2191:2012
2164:2012
2137:2011
2101:2011
2072:2012
2019:2011
1994:2012
1964:2011
1929:2010
1903:2012
1876:2011
1853:2024
1790:2011
1758:2012
1725:ISBN
1679:2011
1661:ISBN
1583:2012
1554:2012
1493:ISBN
1453:OCLC
1434:2012
1368:ISBN
1334:ISBN
1204:2011
1154:2011
508:and
424:nave
251:Type
230:1213
219:1181
215:1181
182:Type
76:1213
1428:(3)
1093:as
956:(a
534:by
387:in
335:in
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