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The privileges and titles were so much a matter of royal ordinance that every one of a Sawbwa's symbols of power was laid down in a special book of dispensations granted by the higher court. His regalia and clothes, the guilding and jewel decoration of betel boxes, spittoons, fly-whisks and such articles of use, the dress of ministers, the umbrellas, spears and horses in procession, the caparisoning of the royal elephant, the instruments for processional music, the gateways and the style of residence, all were rigidly prescribed to ensure that the dignity kept up accordance with the status of a royal chieftain, yet did not encroach on the special privileges reserved for the court of Ava itself. The
British, whose success in administration was largely bound up with observance, of precedence in a hierarchy, listed states also as Sawbaships, Myosaships and Ngwegunhmuships
325:
334:
343:
449:
297:
The distinction in the titles dates from the days of the
Burmese monarchy although the same states have not continued to hold the same titles for their chiefs during the centuries -- changes took place according to royal favour, results of battles and later, the decisions of the British authorities.
47:
1027:
290:, colonial authorities adopted the Burmese system, recognising between 14 and 16 sawbwas who enjoyed a degree of autonomy in their fiefdoms. In 1922, the establishment of the
252:
In the pre-colonial era, the term 'sawbwa' was utilised by the
Burmese monarchy in reference to the hereditary rulers of Shan-speaking polities called
919:
854:
929:
849:
553:
548:
543:
533:
887:
834:
779:
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greatly reduced the sawbwas' autonomy. In April 1959, the sawbwas relinquished their feudal authority to the
Burmese government.
481:
410:
1088:
1112:
405:. Historical dictionaries of Asia, Oceania, and the Middle East (2nd ed.). Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield.
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279:), in the region. In order of precedence, the sawbwas outranked local rulers of lower ranks, namely the
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The term was also used for the rulers of some Tai polities in what is now China's
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30:"Chao Fa" redirects here. For the modern Thai royal title, see
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158:The title literally means "lord of the heavens" in
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126:) was a royal title used by the hereditary
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1089:
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227:. The title was rendered into Burmese as
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403:Historical dictionary of Burma (Myanmar)
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101:A nobility title used by Tai rulers
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1057:This name-related article is a
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1:
1028:List of rulers of Shan states
375:
1061:. You can help Knowledge by
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7:
939:Related states and outliers
401:Seekins, Donald M. (2017).
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32:Thai royal ranks and titles
10:
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426:Donald M. Seekins (2006).
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1113:Burmese words and phrases
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430:. Scarecrow Press. entry
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79:Chao Pha Purandar Singha
817:Kengtung & Yawnghwe
132:mainland Southeast Asia
1023:Federated Shan states
292:Federated Shan States
288:British colonial rule
814:Southern Shan States
717:Southern Shan States
647:Southern Shan States
568:Southern Shan States
502:Northern Shan States
456:at Wikimedia Commons
961:Siamese Shan States
875:Chinese Shan States
154:Names and etymology
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452:Media related to
412:978-1-5381-0183-4
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166:(𑜋𑜧𑜨 𑜇𑜡) in
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16:(Redirected from
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951:Singaling Hkamti
650:Central Division
571:Eastern Division
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283:and ngwegunhmu.
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160:Tai languages
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1118:Ahom kingdom
1063:expanding it
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579:Kehsi Mansam
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529:South Hsenwi
524:North Hsenwi
509:Hsenwi State
493:and related
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360:Ahom dynasty
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162:, including
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107:
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96:20th century
67:First holder
1108:Shan States
1009:Kantarawadi
956:Hkamti Long
883:Chiang Hung
730:Hsamonghkam
491:Shan States
188:tsaw3 pʰaa5
75:Last holder
27:Royal title
1128:Name stubs
1102:Categories
946:Hsawnghsup
920:Mong-Santa
376:References
310:Province.
272:pronounced
150:fiefdoms.
128:Tai rulers
976:Mongkawng
966:Wa States
855:Hsenmawng
845:Mongyawng
840:Kengcheng
693:Nawngwawn
618:Mongnawng
589:Kengtawng
559:Tawngpeng
434:, p. 391.
140:Mong Shan
60:Mong Kham
981:Mongyang
930:Mong-Yin
925:Mangshih
908:Mong Mao
898:Mong Lem
860:Monghsat
850:Hsenyawt
830:Yawnghwe
825:Kengtung
790:Pangtara
678:Mongping
673:Lawksawk
633:Mongpawn
613:Kenghkam
608:Mongkung
603:Mongsang
554:Mongtung
549:Monglong
544:Mongleng
534:Hsumhsai
354:See also
237:စော်ဘွား
209:Tai Nuea
144:Mong Mao
136:Mong Dun
56:Mong Mao
914:Mengmao
903:Mong-La
888:Hsikwan
835:Hsihkip
780:Namhkom
775:Namhkai
765:Mawnang
750:Loilong
735:Kyawkku
688:Namhkok
683:Mongpai
663:Hsatung
638:Mongsit
628:Mongpan
623:Mongnai
599:Monghsu
594:Mawkmai
584:Kenglon
539:Manglon
514:Mongmit
314:Gallery
286:During
233:Burmese
221:เจ้าฟ้า
213:chao fa
205:ᥓᥝᥲ ᥜᥣᥳ
201:Tai Nüa
197:chau-fa
180:ၸဝ်ႈၽႃႉ
164:chaopha
115:
108:Chaopha
88:Defunct
70:Various
52:Sukapha
40:Chaopha
1038:Saopha
996:Wuntho
991:Wanmaw
971:Kokang
893:Momien
865:Mongpu
805:Yengan
795:Pangmi
785:Namtok
770:Mawson
755:Loimaw
745:Loi ai
708:Wanyin
668:Laihka
658:Hopong
519:Hsipaw
454:Saopha
432:Sawbwa
409:
308:Yunnan
265:မိူင်း
229:sawbwa
211:, and
172:saopha
148:Khamti
146:, and
85:Status
18:Saopha
800:Poila
740:Kyong
703:Samka
698:Sakoi
302:China
281:myoza
243:Usage
223:) in
207:) in
191:) in
1059:stub
986:Pong
407:ISBN
370:Tusi
258:Shan
254:mong
225:Thai
217:Thai
193:Shan
176:Shan
168:Ahom
112:lit.
58:and
760:Maw
239:).
130:in
1104::
383:^
270:,
260::
235::
219::
203::
195:,
182:,
178::
170:,
142:,
138:,
1090:e
1083:t
1076:v
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1011:)
1007:/
1003:(
601:/
483:e
476:t
469:v
415:.
256:(
231:(
215:(
199:(
174:(
124:'
118:'
110:(
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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