Satavahana dynasty

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dominion around 200BC. It is profusely decorated with carvings, and even pillars have a lotus capital crowned with sphinx-like mythic animals." Dhavalikar also writes that in Chankama "the panel occurring on the west pillar of Northern Gateway portrays a very important event in Buddha's life. It depicts votaries, two each on either side of what looks like a ladder which actually is the promenade which Buddha is supposed to have walked. It is said that Buddha, after attaining Enlightment, spent four weeks near the Bodhi tree. Of these, the third week he spent walking along the promenade (

2629:, the last person belonging to the main Satavahana dynastic line, briefly revived the Satavahana rule. According to S. N. Sen, he ruled during 170–199 CE. Charles Higham dates the end of his reign to 181 CE. His coins feature images of ships, which suggest naval and marine trade success. Wide distribution of his coins, and inscriptions at Nashik, Kanheri and Guntur indicate that his rule extended over both eastern and western parts of Deccan. He recovered much of the territory lost the Western Kshatrapas, and issued silver coinage, imitating them. During the last years of his reign, the 2164: 2137: 3887: 3639: 569: 3224: 3650: 2611: 4529:), as mentioned in the various Puranas, are given below. These names vary across different manuscripts of the same Puranas, and some names are missing in some of the manuscripts. The list given below for each Purana contains the most exhaustive version. In the Puranas, Krishna (IAST: Kṛṣṇa) is described as brother of the first king, who overthrew the Kanva king Susharman. All other kings are described as sons of their predecessors. The first king of the Andhra-Bhrityas is also known as Shudraka or Suraka in the 7661:"Looking at that one slab from Kanaganahalli (fig. 14), 40 in the upper panel, we see a king. We do not know exactly what the lower part showed because its large part is missing; in any case it is a male person of rank. The label of the inscription reads: rājā Siri Chimuko Sādavāhano nāgarāya Sakhadhābho (?). The inscription lets us believe that it is the historical person of Śrī Simuka founder of the Sātavāhana dynasty who is depicted here, and that he was portrayed on the slab together with a nāgarāja." in 6927:"Coins of a number of Satavahana rulers from Gautamiputra Satakarni onward have been discovered in large numbers in the Vidarbha region. However, no coin of any earlier king has been reported so far. The present coin is, therefore, the first coin of Sri-Satakarni to be reported from Vidarbha. Another potin coin of Sri-Satakarni has been recently discovered at Pauni 2. The discovery of these coins indicates for the first time the possibility of the rule of the early Satavahanas over the Vidarbha region." 2519: 4149: 578: 2027:

According to R. D. Banerji and Sailendra Nath Sen, Kharavela sent out an army against Satakarni. According to Bhagwal Lal, Satakarni wanted to avoid an invasion of his kingdom by Kharavela. So, he sent horses, elephants, chariots and men to Kharavela as a tribute. According to Sudhakar Chattopadhyaya, Kharavela's army diverted its course after failing to advance against Satakarni. According to Alain Daniélou, Kharavela was friendly with Satakarni, and only crossed his kingdom without any clashes.

3821: 1313: 4104: 4131: 2405:'s reign was ca. 60–85 CE, as it is evident from history that "Gautamiputra Saatakarni" in the year 78 CE defeated Vikramaditya of Ujjain, which in turn was celebrated and named "Yug Aadi" means Beginning of New Era (New Year for Andhra, Karnataka, Maharashtra (Gudi padwa), Telangana states). Ever since these states people followed Saatavaahana calendar. Andrew Ollett considers it as 60–84 CE. The king defeated by him appears to have been the Western Kshatrapa ruler 86: 2125: 8845:, p. 63: "...the panel occurring on the west pillar of Northern Gateway portrays a very important event in Buddha's life. It depicts votaries, two each on either side of what looks like a ladder which actually is the promenade which Buddha is supposed to have walked. It is said that Buddha, after attaining Enlightment, spent four weeks near the Bodhi tree. Of these, the third week he spent walking along the promenade (chankama) to and fro." 8833:, p. 57: "The Satavahana sculptures unfortunately has never been recognized as an independent school in spite of the fact it has its own distinctive characteristic features. The earliest in point of time is that in the Bhaja Vihara cave which marks the beginning of sculptural art in the Satavahana dominion around 200BC. It is profusely decorated with carvings, and even pillars have a lotus capital crowned with sphinx-like mythic animals." 957: 936: 2061:. He was succeeded by Lambodara. The coins of Lambodara's son and successor Apilaka have been found in eastern Madhya Pradesh. However, Andrew Ollett argues that there is only one Satakarni, as the alleged first Satakarni is assigned ten years, and the second, fifty years by other scholars, but the only dated inscription of this king is Candankheda seal from his reign's year 30, around 60 BCE, and he ruled ca. 88–42 BCE. 952: 4047:. There were two phases of artistic activity of Ajanta: the first occurring in the 2nd to 1st centuries BC, when Hinayana caves were excavated during Satavahana rule; the later in the second half of the 5th century under the Vakatakas. Vagaries of nature and some vandalism have taken a heavy toll on the Ajanta Caves. Only a few fragments related to the Satavahanas have survived in Caves No. 9 and 10, both of which are 1291: 2113: 4031:, Ghantasala, Amaravati Bhattiprolu, and Shri Parvatam. Caves IX and X, containing Ajanta paintings, were patronised by Satavahana, and the painting throughout the caves appear to have started with them. Ashokan Stupas were enlarged, the earlier bricks and wood works being replaced with stone works. The most famous of these monuments are the stupas, the most famous among them being the Amravati Stupa and the 9657: 9706: 3304:

ascetics would enjoy tax exemption and non-interference from the royal officials. The first inscription states that the grant was approved by Gautamiputra's minister Sivagupta on the king's verbal orders, and preserved by the "great lords". The second inscription records a grant by Gautamiputra and his mother, and mentions Syamaka as the minister of the Govardhana

6914:"Pauni : (Vidarbha) The latest site which contributed valuable numismatic evidence confirming, once and for all, ancient Vidarbha's early Satavahana affiliation is Pauni, in district Bhandara. Two seasons of joint excavation (1968-70) by the Nagpur University and the Archaeological Survey of India yielded reliable coin data from both the Stupa sites." in 3493:

the important trade routes. The merchants probably donated to the monasteries, because these sites facilitated trade by serving as rest houses, and possibly by directly participating in the trade. The monasteries appear to have been an important venue for displaying charitable donations, including the donations made to non-Buddhists (especially Brahmins).

1395:(Andhra servants) may imply two things, one being that the Andhras were originally servants of the Mauryas or the Sungas. The other one, as per some scholars is that the expression is taken to indicate the servants of some other Andhra rulers. These scholars also suggest Kannada origin for the Satavahanas meaning that the dynasty originated in present-day 1411:, was the homeland of the Satavahana family. However, Dr. Gopalchari challenged Sukthankar's theory by pointing out that not a single inscription of the early Satavahanas is found in Bellary District and that the only Satavahana inscription in Bellary District was that of Pulumavi, who belongs to the later-phase of Satavahana history. A stupa in 3944:), although from linguistic evidence it seems that the work now extant must have been re-edited in the succeeding century or two. Through this book, it was evident that agriculture was the main means of livelihood. Also many sorts of superstitions had prevailed. Additionally, Gunadhya, the minister of Hala, was the author of 2073:. It was heavily repaired under King Satakarni II. The gateways and the balustrade were built after 70 BCE, and appear to have been commissioned by the Satavahanas. An inscription on the Southern Gateway records that it was the work of Satakarni II's royal architect Ananda. An inscription records the gift of one of the top 1547:, some Buddhist and Jain texts, the dynasty's inscriptions and coins, and foreign (Greek and Roman) accounts that focus on trade. The information provided by these sources is not sufficient to reconstruct the dynasty's history with absolute certainty. As a result, there are multiple theories about the Satavahana chronology. 1225:, who identified Chimuka as a later ruler. P. V. P. Sastry also later changed his view and stated that the two kings were different. In addition to the Kotilinga find, a coin of the Satavahana prince Saktikumara, who was in the fourth generation of the founder, has been reported as a stratified find from the 1821:, and then, a revival of the Satavahana rule. According to one version of the theory Simuka succeeded the Mauryans. A variation of the theory is that Simuka was the person who restored the Satavahana rule by overthrowing the Kanvas; the compiler of the Puranas confused him with the founder of the dynasty. 1510:). Historian V. Sundara Rama Sastry argues that the interpretation of the term "eka-bamhana" as "the only Brahmana" does not make sense as the king was obviously not the only member of his varna: instead, he interprets the term as an epithet indicating that the king "excelled even the Brahmans". Historian 3959:

writes that "The Satavahana sculptures unfortunately has never been recognized as an independent school in spite of the fact it has its own distinctive characteristic features. The earliest in point of time is that in the Bhaja Vihara cave which marks the beginning of sculptural art in the Satavahana

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in the south. It is not clear if Gautamiputra had effective control over these claimed territories. In any case, historical evidence suggests that his control over these territories did not last long. Moreover, this realm was not continuous: many areas in this region remained under the control of the

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inscription of Gautamiputra's mother Gautami Balashri, dated to the 20th year after his death, records his achievements. The most liberal interpretation of the inscription suggests that his kingdom extended from the present-day Rajasthan in the north to Krishna river in the south, and from Saurashtra

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stated that the finding of the coins at Kotilingala give "a clear pointer to the region where we have to locate the original center of the Satavahana political authority." However, the coin samples from Kotlingala are small, and it is not certain if these coins were minted there or reached there from

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Apart from the two traditional views (long and short chronologies) there is another kind of analysis pointing out to a "Mid-Chronology", as it was already proposed by Dr. Dehejia and others, and particularly most recently by Shailendra Bhandare, who regards Satavahana's rule extended more than three

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Because of uncertainty regarding the establishment date of the Satavahana kingdom, it is difficult to give absolute dates for the reigns of the Satavahana kings. Therefore, many modern scholars do not assign absolute dates to the reigns of the historically attested Satavahana kings, and those who do

3509:" by some modern scholars, but this terminology can be considered correct only if the term "Prakrit" is defined broadly to include every Middle Indo-Aryan language that is "not exactly Sanskrit". The language of the inscriptions is actually closer to Sanskrit than to the literary Prakrit used in the 3365:

The exploitation of sites with mineral resources may have increased during the Satavahana period, leading to the emergence of new settlements in these areas. Such sites facilitated commerce and crafts (such as ceramic ware). The increased craft production during the Satavahana period is evident from

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Puranas called the Satavahana kings as Andhra, Andhra-bhṛtya, or Andhra-jatiya. Andhra is both a tribal and a territorial name, the latter territorial denotation of present Telugu lands came into usage only well after the Satavahana period had ended, which meant that the term Andhra represented only

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administrative model. C. Margabandhu theorised that the Satavahanas were called Andhras because they were natives of eastern Deccan (the Andhra region), although they first established their empire in western Deccan after having served as Mauryan subordinates. Himanshu Prabha Ray (1986) opposes this

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Bhandare regards Simuka to have ruled since around 160–150 BCE and that this date would still fit in well with Pargiter's 460 years to the Satavahanas, as it would fix the end of the dynasty around 300 CE, not too far from the mid-3rd century as consensus approximately lies. Regarding Siri Satakani

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contain chronology of Satavahana kings. However, there are inconsistencies among the various Puranas over the number of kings in the dynasty, the names of the kings, and the length of their rule. In addition, some of the kings listed in the Puranas are not attested via archaeological and numismatic

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mentions a king named "Satakani" or "Satakamini", who some identify with Satakarni I. The inscription describes dispatching of an army and Kharavela's threat to a city. Since the inscription is only partially legible, different scholars interpret the events described in the inscription differently.

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in Cave No. 10, but that, too, is only fragmentary. It is a painting of an elephant named Bodhisattva with six tusks, related to a mythological story. The human figures, both male and female, are typically Satavahanas, almost identical with their counterparts on the Sanchi Gateways so far as their

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The Satavahana coins give unique indications as to their chronology, language, and even facial features (curly hair, long ears and strong lips). They issued mainly lead and copper coins; their portrait-style silver coins were usually struck over coins of the Western Kshatrapa kings. The Satavahana

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Several coins carry titles or matronyms that were common to multiple rulers (e.g. Satavahana, Satakarni, and Pulumavi), so the number of rulers attested by coinage cannot be determined with certainty. The names of 16 to 20 rulers appear on the various coins. Some of these rulers appear to be local

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inscriptions are available from the Satavahana period, but most of these record donations to Buddhist institutions by individuals, and do not provide much information about the dynasty. The inscriptions issued by the Satavahana royals themselves also primarily concern religious donations, although

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However, Carla M. Sinopoli notes that although there are some records of donations to the Buddhist monasteries by the Satavahana royals, the vast majority of the donations were made by the non-royals. The most common among these donors were merchants, and many of the monasteries were located along

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According to Sastri, "the Satavahanas were described as 'lords of the three oceans' and promoted overseas colonization and trade. Under them, Buddhist art attained the superb forms of beauty and elegance preserved to this day in the cave-temples of western India and the survivals from the stupa of

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The inscriptions of Gautamiputra Satakarni suggest the existence of a bureaucratic structure, although it is not certain how stable and effective this structure was. For example, two inscriptions from Nashik Cave 11 record donations of agricultural land to ascetic communities. They state that the

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Most modern scholars believe that the Satavahana ruler began in the first century BCE and lasted until the second century CE. This theory is based on Puranic records as well as archaeological and numismatic evidence. The theory that dates their rule to an earlier period is now largely discredited

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village of Karnataka, dated between the first century BCE and first century CE, features limestone panels depicting portraits of Chimuka (Simuka), Satakani (Satakarni) and other Satavahana rulers. As per historian Parmanand Gupta, in the medieval times, Srisailam region or the Sriparvata area was

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state that the first king of the dynasty ruled for 23 years, and mention his name variously as Sishuka, Sindhuka, Chhismaka, Shipraka, etc. These are believed to be corrupted spellings of Simuka, resulting from copying and re-copying of manuscripts. Simuka cannot be dated with certainty based on

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also mentions that there were 30 Andhra kings, but its various manuscripts name only 17, 18, and 19 kings respectively; the reigns add up to 272.5, 300, and 411 years respectively. Many of these kings are not attested by historical evidence. On the other hand, some Satavahana kings attested by

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ruled ca. 85–125 CE, and Andrew Ollett considers it to be ca. 84–119 CE. Pulumavi features in a large number of Satavahana inscriptions and his coins have been found distributed over a wide area. This indicates that he maintained Gautamiputra's territory, and ruled a prosperous kingdom. He is

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of present Karnataka in the south who was none other than his own son. Pai identifies this prince Vilivaya-kura as another form of Vilivaya Kumara (meaning the son of Vilivaya), and he goes on to prove that Vilivaya is indeed merely another rendering of Pulumayi which was transformed as per

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Satavahana coins have been discovered in the Deccan region; a few gold and silver coins are also available. These coins do not feature uniform design or size, and suggest that multiple minting locations existed within the Satavahana territory, leading to regional differences in coinage.

1799:(350 – 290 BCE) mentions a powerful tribe named "Andarae", whose king maintained an army of 100,000 infantry, 2,000 cavalry and 1,000 elephants. If Andarae is identified with the Andhras, this can be considered additional evidence of Satavahana rule starting in the 3rd century BCE. The 4188:

According to the second (and more widely accepted) category of reconstructions, the Satavahana rule started in around first century BCE. The chronologies in this category contain a smaller number of kings, and combine Puranic records with archaeological, numismatic and textual

3995:. Numerous articles obtained from there were Indian but also reflected Roman and Italian influence. A small statue of Poseidon, wine jugs, and a plaque depicting Perseus and Andromeda were also obtained from the house from where the objects were found. The fine elephant in the 2641:

After Yajna Satakarni, the dynasty was soon extinguished following the rise of its feudatories, perhaps on account of a decline in central power. On the other hand, the Western Satraps would continue to prosper for the next two centuries, until their extinction by the

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During the Satavahana period, several large settlements emerged in the fertile areas, especially along the major rivers. The amount of land under agricultural use also expanded significantly, as a result of forest clearance and construction of irrigation reservoirs.

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During the last years of his reign, his administration was apparently handled by his mother, which could have been a result of an illness or military preoccupation. According to the Nasik inscription made by his mother Gautami Balashri, he was the one ...

1264:, located to the north of Maharashtra. The majority of the other Satavahana inscriptions have also been found in western Deccan. On the other hand, the epigraphic evidence from eastern Deccan does not mention the Satavahanas before the 4th century CE. At 3546:

than it is now was the mother tongue of the common people". Later Satavahana kings like Gauthamiputra Satakarni, Vastistiputra pulamovi and Yajna Satakarni had their names in two languages i.e.; Prakrit and Desi (possibly Old Tamil), a native language.

1277:(modern Paithan, Maharashtra) and then expanded their territory to eastern Deccan. Carla Sinopoli cautions that the inference about the western Deccan origin of the Satavahanas is "tentative at best" given the small sample of early inscriptions. 1498:

interprets the term as "unique Brahmana", and notes that the inscription also describes Gautamiputra as "the destroyer of the pride and conceit of Kshatriyas", which according to him strongly suggests that Gautamiputra claimed to be a Brahmana.

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According to Gunadya, besides Sanskrit and Prakrit there is another language called 'Desi' which may mean the native language or the language of common man. Commenting on the Desi language Dr.D.C.Sircar remarks "It was apparently Early

2220: 813:. Most modern scholars believe that the Satavahana rule began in the late second century BCE and lasted until the early third century CE, although some assign the beginning of their rule to as early as the 3rd century BCE based on the 1206:

in Telangana, coins bearing the legend "Rano Siri Chimuka Satavahanasa" were found. Epigraphist and numismatist P. V. P. Sastry initially identified Chimuka with the dynasty's founder Simuka, Coins attributed to Simuka's successors

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Nakanishi, Maiko, and Oskar von Hinuber, (2014). Kanaganahalli Inscriptions (Supplement to the Annual Report of the International Research Institute for Advanced Buddhology at Soka University for the Academic Year 2013, Vol. 17.,

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named after the governors appointed to rule them (e.g. Govardhanahara, Mamalahara, Satavanihara and Kapurahara). This suggests that the Satavahanas attempted to build a formal administrative and revenue collection structure.

8104:""The different branches of the Satavahana family, which ruled in different parts of the kingdom after the decline in central authority, were soon ousted by new powers some of which were probably feudatories at the outset." 7637: 1387:, the writers of the Puranas (which could have been written after the Satavahana period) mistook the Satavahana presence in eastern Deccan as evidence for their origin in that region, and wrongly labelled them as "Andhra". 6945:"The bas-relief at Pauni or Bharhut in India, which dates back to about the second century B.C., represents a vacant throne protected by a naga with many heads. It also bears an inscription of the Naga Mucalinda (Fig. 3)" 2646:. Yajna Sri was succeeded by Madhariputra Swami Isvarasena. The next king Vijaya ruled for 6 years. His son Vasishthiputra Sri Chadha Satakarni ruled for 10 years. Pulumavi IV, the last king of the main line, ruled until 2497:(or Pulumayi). According to Sailendra Nath Sen, Pulumavi ruled from 96 to 119 CE. According to Charles Higham, he ascended the throne around 110 CE, according to Shailendra Bhandare, Akira Shimada, and Oskar von Hinuber 1215:

were also discovered at Kotilingala. Based on these discoveries, historians such as Ajay Mitra Shastri, D. R. Reddy, S. Reddy, and Shankar R. Goyal theorised that Kotlingala was the original home of the Satavahanas.

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According to the first one, 30 Satavahana kings ruled for around 450 years, starting from Simuka's rule immediately after the fall of the Mauryan empire. This view relies heavily on the Puranas, and is now largely

3601:, has been found. It records Nayanika's lineage and mentions the Vedic sacrifices performed by the royal family. Another inscription at Naneghat comprises names of Satavahana royals, appearing as labels over their 2205: 3844: 3357:

The Satavahanas participated in (and benefited from) economic expansion through intensification of agriculture, increased production of other commodities, and trade within and beyond the Indian subcontinent.

2534:. According to S. N. Sen he ruled during 120–149 CE; according to Charles Higham, his regnal years spanned 138–145 CE. He entered into a marriage alliance with the Western Satraps, marrying the daughter of 1272:

in Maharashtra (besides places in eastern Deccan and present-day Madhya Pradesh). Based on this evidence, some historians argue that the Satavahanas initially came to power in the area around their capital

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A number of Buddhist monastic sites emerged in the Deccan region during the Satavahana period. However, the exact relations between these monasteries and the Satavahana government is not clear. The

1236:). All four extant inscriptions from the early Satavahana period (c. 1st century BCE) have been found in and around this region. One of the earliest known Satavahana inscriptions was that found at 1131:

during his Himalayan campaign. The direct translation of the term Nurruvar Kannar is "the hundred Karnas" or "Satakarni"; Nurruvar Kannar has therefore been identified with the Satavahana dynasty.

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inscription of Rudradaman I states that he defeated Satakarni, the lord of Dakshinapatha (Deccan), twice. It also states that he spared the life of the defeated ruler because of close relations:

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available evidence. Based on the following theories, the beginning of the Satavahana rule is dated variously from 271 BCE to 30 BCE. According to the Puranas, the first Andhra king overthrew the

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status, although they also made generous donations to Buddhist monasteries. The lay people in the Satavahana period perhaps generally did not exclusively support a particular religious group .

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Several Satavahana-era inscriptions record grants to religious monasteries. The settlements most frequently mentioned as the residences of donors in these inscriptions include the sea ports of

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ascribes a mythical etymology in which a widowed, childless king named Deepakarni was prophesied to find a lion-riding child as his heir. During a jungle hunt, he found such a child riding a

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The date and place of origin of the Satavahanas, as well as the meaning of the dynasty's name, are a matter of debate among historians. Some of these debates have happened in the context of

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mentions that the Andhra dynasty ruled for around 450 years. As the Satavahana rule ended in the early 3rd century, the beginning of their rule can be dated to the 3rd century BCE. The

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theory, stating that the Andhra was originally an ethnic term, and did not come to denote the geographical region of eastern Deccan until well after the Satavahana period. According to

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On the other hand, based to a large degree on Shailendra Bhandare's work, with slight corrections, Andrew Ollett (2017) mentions the following reigns for the whole Satavahana dynasty:

13703: 1256:; another inscription found at Naneghat has been dated to the same period on a paleographic basis. A slightly later inscription dated to the reign of Satakarni II has been found at 1229:

of Andhra Pradesh. As for the Puranas, these texts could have been compiled at a later date and it is not certain if the Satavahanas were referred to as Andhras during their time.

3085:) was ruling from his capital Paithan in the north (reign c. 85-125 CE), another Satavahana prince called Baleokouros or Baleokoura (Vilivayakura) was ruling from Hippokoura ( 2178: 12596: 10541: 3145:

The Satavahana capital kept shifting with time. The Nashik inscription describes Gautamiputra as the lord of Benakataka, suggesting that this was the name of his capital.

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somewhere else. Moreover, the identification of Chimuka of Kotilingala with the dynasty's founder Simuka has been contested by several scholars including P. L. Gupta and

3462:(fire ceremony). The inscription also records substantial fees paid to Brahmin priests and attendees for these sacrifices. For example, 10,001 cows were granted for the 1535:, theorize that the Satavahanas were originally non-Brahmanas who started claiming Brahmana status after establishing matrimonial relations with some Brahmana families. 523: 509: 495: 481: 467: 453: 428: 414: 3859: 3820: 1391:

the Andhra tribe (who had originated in North India along the Yamuna river banks as per Rigveda) and not the present Andhra region or its Telugu people. The term

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who was ruling from Huvina Hipparagi in present Karnataka. Pai identifies all the 10 cities mentioned by Ptolemy as lying between the river Benda (or Binda) or

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in Maharashtri Prakrit. Like Hala, his four successors also ruled for very short periods (a total of 12 years), indicating troubled times for the Satavahanas.

8450: 3612:. It states that the element was donated by Ananda, who was the son of Siri Satakarni's foreman of artisans. This inscription is probably from the reign of 8083:

von Hinuber, Oskar, (2016). "Buddhist Texts and Buddhist Images: New Evidence from Kanaganahalli (Karnataka/India)", ARIRIAB Vol. XIX (March 2016), p. 15.

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von Hinuber, Oskar, (2016). "Buddhist Texts and Buddhist Images: New Evidence from Kanaganahalli (Karnataka/India)", ARIRIAB Vol. XIX (March 2016), p. 16.

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portraits. The portraits are now completely eroded, but the inscription is believed to be contemporary to Nayanika's inscription on a paleographic basis.

9896: 1506:, and the Satavahanas could not have been Brahmanas because the same inscription also describes Gautamiputra as the one who stopped admixture of varnas ( 891:

struck with images of their rulers. They formed a cultural bridge and played a vital role in trade and the transfer of ideas and culture to and from the

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The Satavahanas also issued bilingual coins featuring Middle Indo-Aryan language on one side, and Desi language (possibly Old Tamil) on the other side.

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As a result of his victories, Rudradaman regained all the former territories previously held by Nahapana, except for the extreme south territories of

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mentions two important Satavahana trade centres: Pratishthana and Tagara. Other important urban centres included Kondapur, Banavasi and Madhavpur.

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era, the Satavahanas established peace in the Deccan region and resisted the onslaught of foreign invaders. In particular their struggles with the

4148: 12630: 12536: 10526: 6640: 2190: 4004: 1755: 13638: 1268:, a seal and coins attributed to Kanha have been discovered. Coins attributed to Satakarni I have also been discovered at Nashik, Nevasa, and 12546: 10486: 8055: 3891: 2477: 2291:

Little is known about Apilaka's successors, except cryptic references to one Kuntala Satakarni. The next well-known ruler of the dynasty was

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The Satavahana paintings are the earliest surviving specimens—excluding prehistoric rock art—in India, and they are to be found only at the

2720: 1558: 79: 2352: 2549:"Rudradaman (...) who obtained good report because he, in spite of having twice in fair fight completely defeated Satakarni, the lord of 1925:

The inscription appears on the relief of a stupa at the center of the top architrave, at the rear. It is written in three lines in early

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states that 30 Andhra kings ruled for 460 years, but some of its manuscripts name only 19 kings whose reigns add up to 448.5 years. The

2401:. S. Nagaraju dates it 106–130 CE, the new consensus is shared by Shailendra Bhandare, Akira Shimada, and Oskar von Hinuber, who regard 10589: 7432: 1813:

go to the Andhras". Based on this statement, the proponents of this theory argue that the Satavahana rule began immediately after the

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rule. He is named as Balipuccha in some texts. D. C. Sircar dated this event to c. 30 BCE, a theory supported by many other scholars.

1531:(whom some modern scholars identify as a Satavahana king) as of mixed Brahmana and Naga origin. Based on this, some scholars, such as 10546: 9089:

Shimada, Akira, (2012). Early Buddhist Architecture in Context: The Great Stupa at Amaravati (ca 300 BCE - 300 CE), Brill. pp. 51-52.

8881: 6713:"CNG: eAuction 417. INDIA, Post-Mauryan (Deccan). Satavahanas (Andhras). Śri Satakarṇi. Circa 70-60 BC. BI Karshapana (19mm, 3.44 g)" 4130: 3991:

Several metal figurines are found that could be attributed to the Satavahanas. A hoard of unique bronze objects were also found from

3377:

The Satavahanas controlled the Indian sea coast, and as a result, they dominated the growing Indian trade with the Roman Empire. The

2726: 3263:

Maharathis, hereditary lords who could grant villages in their own names and maintained matrimonial relations with the ruling family

2502:

believed to have added the Bellary region to Satakarni's kingdom. His coins featuring ships with double mast have been found on the

1142:-turned-lion named Sāta. After adoption, the child became the king eventually and came to be known as Sātavāhana or Sāta-supported. 4059:

physiognomy, costumes, and jewellery are concerned. The only difference is that the Sanchi figures have shed some of their weight.

3016: 1919: 8656: 12905: 12863: 9889: 8074:

Shimada, Akira, (2012). Early Buddhist Architecture in Context: The Great Stupa at Amaravati (ca 300 BCE - 300 CE), Brill, p. 52.

8021:

Shimada, Akira, (2012). Early Buddhist Architecture in Context: The Great Stupa at Amaravati (ca 300 BCE - 300 CE), Brill, p. 51.

6398:

centuries (c. 150 BCE to 250 CE) with the flourish of trans-national trade, urbanism and monumental architecture in South India.

1399:, and initially owed allegiance to some Andhra rulers. A Satavahana inscription found on a slab of the upper drum (medhi) of the 13708: 12657: 1899: 9639: 9578: 9557: 9536: 9515: 9459: 9418: 9399: 9319: 9198: 9153: 8788: 8185: 8158: 8132: 8012:

Bhandare, Shailendra, (1999). Historical Analysis of the Satavahana Era: A study of Coins, University of Mumbai, pp. 168-178.

7809: 7404:

V. Sundara Rama Sastry (1990). "Social Significance of Metronymic Epithets in Early Indian Ruling Dynasties : A Study".

7340: 6749: 4177:

evidence. Similarly, there are some kings known from coins and inscriptions, whose names are not found in the Puranic lists.

3337:

Amaravati, Goli, Nagarjunikonda". This tradition was followed by successors of Satavahana in the eastern and western Deccan.

3902:. This cave was probably started during the reign of Gautamiputra Satakarni, and was finished and dedicated to the Buddhist 3750:

The Satavahanas were the earliest Indian rulers to issue their own coins with portraits of their rulers, starting with king

3395: 708: 3098:

rules, the spoken form of this language during that period, and due to common parlance. Thus, Vilivayakura means a son of

12623: 12356: 10432: 9934: 9070:'Felicitas': Essay in Numismatics, Epigraphy and History in Honour of Joe Cribb, Eds. Shailendra Bhandare and Sanjay Garg 6614: 2599: 1107:

use the name "Andhra" for the Satavahanas. The term "Andhra" may refer to the ethnicity or territory of the dynasty (see

846: 255: 4103: 2320:

is known to have ruled the former Satavahana territory, as attested by the inscriptions of his governor and son-in-law,

13713: 9882: 9685: 7155: 2312:

coastal plains, and the mountain passes connecting these two regions. During 15–40 CE, their northern neighbours – the

7475:

B. S. L. Hanumantha Rao (1992). "Address of the Sectional President: Religion, Politics and Society in Early Deccan".

2163: 1049:

is drawn by seven horses). This would indicate that the Satavahanas originally claimed association with the legendary

12650: 10833: 9611: 9494: 9438: 9269: 9131: 8891: 8815: 8706: 8618: 8543: 8372: 7994: 7862: 7835: 7525: 7128: 6991: 3169:

theorised that the original Satavahana capital was located at Junnar, but had to be moved to Pratishthana because of

1832:

Great Stupa mentioning year 16 of Vasisthiputra Sri Chimuka Satavahana's reign, which can be dated from ca. 110 BCE.

1825:

because the various Puranas contradict each other, and are not fully supported by epigraphic or numismatic evidence.

1068:

Another theory connects their name to the earlier Satiyaputa dynasty. Yet another theory derives their name from the

10822: 8121:

Coatsworth, John; Cole, Juan; Hanagan, Michael P.; Perdue, Peter C.; Tilly, Charles; Tilly, Louise (16 March 2015).

8805: 2151: 1191: 3442:

inscription of Nayanika, recorded on the walls of a cave, mentions that her husband Satakarni I performed several

3293:

appears to have been the largest geographical subdivision of the Satavahana polity. Several inscriptions refer to

13723: 1403:

mahastupa mentions year 16 of Vasisthiputra Sri Chimuka Satavahana's reign, which can be dated from ca. 110 BCE.

3215:, and Vadgaon-Madhavpur. The ones in eastern Deccan include Amaravati, Dhulikatta, Kotalingala and Peddabankur. 2583:

believe that the defeated ruler was Vashishtiputra's successor Shivaskanda or Shiva Sri Pulumayi (or Pulumavi).

1502:

The critics of this theory point out that Gautamiputra's family had matrimonial relations with the non-Brahmana

1407:

theorised that the territorial division Satavahani-Satahani (Satavahanihara or Satahani-rattha), in present-day

1344:"Under King Kanha of the Satavahana family this cave has been caused to be made by the officer in charge of the 13502: 12855: 12616: 10865: 10623: 10582: 7579: 6566: 3379: 2580: 223: 3353:, testimony to the naval, seafaring and trading capabilities of the Satavahanas during the 1st–2nd century CE. 2332: 13728: 13718: 12441: 7915: 3311: 3253:. Their government was less top-heavy than that of the Mauryans, and featured several levels of feudatories: 228: 7889: 7330: 2136: 13358: 12972: 12795: 10950: 10561: 10425: 10224: 6530: 3345: 2510:

was perhaps renovated during his reign. though recent scholarship tends to spread the dates of this wider.

2014:. Instead of the Buddhists, he patronised Brahmins and donated a substantial amount of wealth to them. The 1444:

region indicated to be the original homeland of the Satavahanas as per another historian V. S. Sukthankar.

9451:

Political History of Ancient India: From the Accession of Parikshit to the Extinction of the Gupta Dynasty

7448:

P. Krishna Mohan Reddy (1998). "God, Trade and Worship: A Glimpse into the Religion of Early Āndhradeśa".

13698: 12551: 12421: 9731: 9661: 7569: 6556: 3502: 2019: 1084:". Several rulers of the dynasty bear the name or title "Satakarni". Satavahana, Satakarni, Satakani and 817:, but uncorroborated by archaeological evidence. The Satavahana kingdom mainly comprised the present-day 13477: 8638:"The Sātavāhana issues are uniscriptural, Brahmi but bilingual, Prākrit and Old Tamil/Proto-Telugu." in 7665:"The Buddha's Relics and the Nāgas an Attempt to Throw Light on Some Depictions in the Amaravati School" 12601: 10466: 10000: 9970: 9944: 9736: 9603: 9163: 9141: 7964: 7118: 6266: 5864: 4659: 4342: 4241: 3956: 3416: 3350: 2498: 2494: 2262: 2102: 1975: 1319: 1297: 1208: 1089: 881: 597: 17: 6410:

Bhandare also suggests the following sequence of reigns, based on his analysis of Satavahana coinage:

1322:

in cave No.19, Nasik Caves. This is one of the oldest known Satavahana inscription, circa 100–70 BCE.

12777: 12571: 12531: 12521: 11996: 11590: 10939: 10811: 10575: 10551: 10481: 10476: 10022: 9914: 9693: 9016: 3482: 3443: 1404: 6402:

and his wife Naganika, Bhandhare considers their rule to have been somewhere around 110 +/- 20 BCE.

3534:

probably refers to Gautamiputra Shri Satakarni, one of whose coins also features a Sanskrit legend.

13440: 13178: 13094: 12938: 12891: 12801: 12673: 12456: 11370: 11210: 10413: 10198: 9631: 7364:

Arguments are put forth trying to prove differently that they were Sudras, Kshatriyas and Brahmins.

6287: 5558: 4511: 4355: 2531: 2523: 1909:

was, according to an inscription (see arrow), donated under the rule of "King Satakarni", probably

1495: 1359: 1232:

Another section of scholars believe that the Satavahanas originated in western Deccan (present-day

1175: 701: 657: 7825: 841:. The dynasty had different capital cities at different times, including Kotalingala (Telangana), 13640:

Hinduism. In: Joseph Kitagawa, "The Religious Traditions of Asia: Religion, History, and Culture"

13498: 12561: 12526: 12361: 12141: 11690: 11242: 11171: 10556: 10471: 10259: 10048: 6525: 5517: 3907: 3656: 3099: 3082: 2668:

Northern part, ruled by a collateral branch of the Satavahanas (which ended in early 4th century)

2576: 2304:

Epigraphic and numismatic evidence suggests that the Satavahanas earlier controlled the northern

2015: 1673: 1586: 647: 165: 103: 3979: 3758:

he defeated. The Western Satraps themselves had been following the features of the coins of the

3310:. It states that the charter was approved by a woman named Lota, who according to archaeologist 2630: 1182:

The use of the names "Andhra" and "Andhra-Jatiya" in the Puranas has led some scholars, such as

12476: 12451: 12401: 12341: 11926: 11862: 11660: 10876: 10751: 10288: 9469: 5468: 4329: 3801:

coins also display various traditional symbols, such as elephants, lions, horses and chaityas (

3751: 3726:), and the Dravidian script, essentially similar to the Brahmi script (starting at 12 o'clock): 3608:

The next oldest Satavahana-era inscription appears on a sculpted gateway element of Stupa 1 at

3563: 3062: 2402: 2387: 2345: 1491: 1237: 1054: 908: 877: 637: 9589: 9568: 9484: 9309: 9259: 9020: 8776: 8608: 8203:"Integrating Linguistic, Archaeological and Genetic Perspectives Unfold the Origin of Ugrians" 8175: 8122: 7852: 7801: 7762: 3967:

Along with some of the above major Satavahana sculptures some more sculptures existed—namely,

3387:

was the site of an important pass that linked the Satavahana capital Pratishthana to the sea.

2626: 1828:

The oldest Satavahana inscription is the one found on a slab of the upper drum (medhi) of the

13260: 13144: 13115: 13015: 12511: 12481: 12346: 12301: 12131: 11770: 11760: 11730: 11462: 11442: 11303: 10672: 10634: 10516: 10501: 10491: 10380: 9858: 9783: 9547: 9117: 9000: 8698: 8362: 8148: 7984: 7145: 6307: 6246: 5607: 4379: 4090: 2664:

After the death of Pulumavi IV, the Satavahana empire fragmented into five smaller kingdoms:

667: 194: 1494:, have interpreted the term as "sole Brahmana", and argued that Satavahanas were Brahmanas. 12591: 12446: 12431: 12376: 12017: 9697: 8124:

Global Connections: Volume 1, To 1500: Politics, Exchange, and Social Life in World History

7269:

Poonacha, K.P., (2013). Excavations at Kanaganahalli, Archaeological Survey of India, Delhi

5821:

S. Nagaraju relies on the Puranic lists of 30 kings, and gives the following regnal dates:

3530:

metre to describe a deceased king (probably Gautamiputra). A Sanskrit inscription found at

3522:

in political inscriptions, but rarely. A fragmentary inscription found close to the Nashik

2568: 2286: 1791: 1532: 568: 7913:

Original text "L1: Rano Siri Satakarnisa L2: avesanisa Vasithiputasa L3: Anamdasa danam",

3638: 2390:, who is considered the greatest of the Satavahana rulers. Charles Higham dates his reign 2046:, in which he is credited with the building of the decorated gateways around the original 1978:(also known as Krishna), who extended the kingdom up to Nashik in the west. His successor 8: 13523: 13461: 12913: 12708: 12371: 12099: 11946: 11640: 11620: 11032: 10980: 10321: 10241: 10230: 10104: 10092: 9838: 9778: 9346:

Pradhan, Shruti S. (1994). "FROM THE SĀTAVĀHANAS TO THE ANDHRAS AND THE ANDHRA-BHRTYAS".

9123: 6671: 6520: 6320: 5642: 4392: 4202: 3715: 3466:

sacrifice; and 24,400 coins were granted for another sacrifice, whose name is not clear.

3090: 2615: 892: 694: 677: 8237: 8202: 3558: 2409:, as suggested by Nahapana's coins overstuck with names and titles of Gautamiputra. The 13272: 13043: 12576: 12436: 12416: 12061: 11670: 11580: 11350: 11340: 11273: 10928: 10844: 10028: 9388: 9363: 9334: 9296: 9175: 8757: 8314: 7758: 7484: 7457: 7413: 4499:

numismatic evidence (such as Rudra Satakarni) are not mentioned in the Puranas at all.

3778: 3755: 3711: 3664: 3223: 2878: 2085:

Gift of Ananda, the son of Vasithi, the foreman of the artisans of rajan Siri Satakarni

1999: 1482:

The Nashik inscription of Gautami Balashri describes her son Gautamiputra Satakarni as

1217: 446: 7689: 4502:

Different scholars have explained these anomalies in different ways. Scholars such as

3649: 2124: 13511: 13507: 13465: 13454: 13432: 13400: 13386: 13071: 12586: 12556: 12466: 12461: 12406: 12351: 12181: 12071: 12050: 12006: 11976: 11680: 11610: 11600: 11570: 11052: 11014: 10894: 10646: 10511: 10506: 10438: 10386: 10236: 10166: 9959: 9853: 9793: 9635: 9607: 9574: 9570:

A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India: From the Stone Age to the 12th Century

9553: 9532: 9511: 9490: 9455: 9434: 9414: 9395: 9355: 9315: 9288: 9265: 9225: 9194: 9149: 9127: 8887: 8811: 8784: 8702: 8691: 8614: 8549: 8539: 8368: 8306: 8242: 8224: 8181: 8154: 8128: 7990: 7858: 7831: 7805: 7794: 7575: 7521: 7383: 7336: 7151: 7124: 6987: 6745: 6562: 4278: 4109: 3937: 3886: 3170: 2313: 1523: 9338: 4205:

provides the following chronology, based on archaeological and numismatic evidence:

4180:

The reconstructions of the Satavahana kings by historians fall into two categories:

4027:

in Amravati (95 feet high). They also constructed a large number of stupas at Goli,

2610: 1836:𑀭𑀸𑀜𑁄 𑀲𑀺𑀭𑀺 𑀙𑀺𑀫𑀼𑀓 𑀲𑀸𑀢𑀯𑀸𑀳𑀦𑀲 𑀲𑁄𑀟𑁂 𑀯𑀙𑀭𑁂 𑁛𑁗 𑀫𑀸𑀢𑀺𑀲𑁂𑀓 1190:, to believe that the dynasty originated in the eastern Deccan region (the historic 13396: 13381: 13377: 13330: 13326: 13286: 13252: 13248: 13067: 12581: 12516: 12486: 12471: 12426: 12411: 12396: 12366: 12261: 11956: 11740: 11650: 11529: 11519: 11472: 11401: 11380: 10970: 10960: 10799: 10734: 10531: 10327: 10212: 10206: 10098: 9923: 9833: 9828: 9823: 9818: 9246: 9217: 8747: 8232: 8214: 8059: 6712: 6515: 4568: 4561: 4503: 3996: 3895: 3579:

some of them provide some information about the rulers and the imperial structure.

3489:, and had an administrative department dedicated to the welfare of Buddhist monks. 3473:

inscription issued during the reign of Kanha states that the cave was excavated by

3470: 3212: 3166: 3119: 3086: 2953: 2801: 2682: 2653:. During his reign, several Buddhist monuments were constructed at sites including 2564: 2503: 2481: 1856:

On another stone slab at Kanaganahalli, the king is possibly shown together with a

1801: 1511: 1453: 1441: 1408: 1248:, which was issued during the reign of Kanha (100–70 BCE). An inscription found at 1241: 1226: 1187: 1135: 1115: 728: 488: 154: 9250: 2069:

The Satavahanas contributed greatly to the embellishment of the Buddhist stupa of

1769:

is mentioned as the first king in a list of royals in a Satavahana inscription at

13634: 13515: 13473: 13469: 13436: 13408: 13404: 13350: 13256: 13188: 13150: 12956: 12039: 12028: 11986: 11966: 11884: 11851: 11432: 11360: 11320: 11232: 11192: 11154: 11072: 10298: 10282: 10253: 10133: 9863: 9848: 9813: 9788: 9768: 9625: 9593: 9526: 9505: 9473: 9449: 9428: 9411:

History and Culture of Andhra pradesh: From the Earliest Times to the Present Day

9376: 9188: 8971: 8678:. Institute of Epigraphy, Tamilnadu State Department of Archaeology. p. 132. 8673: 8640: 7763:"The Hâtigumphâ and three other inscriptions in the Udayagiri caves near Cuttack" 7515: 7377: 7357: 6981: 6947: 6930: 4159: 4140: 4094: 4089:. The stupas were decorated in marble slabs and sculpted with subjects including 4082: 4068: 4020: 4016: 3866: 3786: 3723: 3539: 3415:

in the Satavahana realm in the first half of the 1st century CE. It testifies to

3400: 3315: 3111: 3070: 2964: 2942: 2706: 2690: 2686: 2658: 2507: 2448: 2357: 2280: 2112: 2003: 1709: 1662: 1642: 1518: 1503: 1245: 1069: 1042: 979: 873: 502: 460: 347: 205: 174: 4054:

The most important surviving painting of the Satavahana period at Ajanta is the

3485:

ascetics). Based on this, Sudhakar Chattopadhyaya concludes that Kanha favoured

13370: 13243: 13140: 12741: 12249: 12201: 11895: 11873: 11841: 11819: 11780: 11710: 11700: 11560: 11293: 11103: 10605: 10521: 10374: 10315: 10303: 10293: 10274: 10218: 10146: 10075: 9773: 9715: 8752: 8735: 4086: 4032: 4000: 3984: 3851: 3782: 3719: 3543: 3408: 3211:

Other important Satavahana sites in western Deccan include Govardhana, Nevasa,

3157:) as the capital of Pulumavi. At other times, the Satavahana capitals included 3078: 3052: 3032: 3028: 2856: 2843: 2755: 2676: 2654: 2619: 2595: 2518: 2464: 2365: 2305: 2047: 1736: 1379: 1261: 1195: 1119: 916: 865: 834: 818: 577: 516: 123: 12790: 10053: 4023:

represent the architectural development of the Satavahana periods. They built

884:. The kingdom had fragmented into smaller states by the early 3rd century CE. 13692: 13519: 13322: 13282: 13183: 13166: 13119: 13104: 13090: 13063: 13059: 13019: 13004: 12993: 12945: 12171: 12111: 11936: 11330: 11283: 11263: 11137: 11120: 11082: 11062: 10997: 10781: 10771: 10761: 10704: 10360: 10348: 10171: 10158: 10152: 10118: 9843: 9798: 9711: 9621: 9359: 9292: 9229: 9221: 8553: 8310: 8228: 4589: 4575: 4535: 4488: 4078: 4048: 3932: 3790: 3686: 3575: 3511: 3242: 3232: 3123: 2887: 2865: 2821: 2766: 2696: 2550: 2428: 2369: 2321: 2297: 2039: 1987: 1926: 1829: 1779: 1727: 1718: 1412: 1400: 1384: 1378:(officer-in-charge), which indicates that the early Satavahanas followed the 1323: 1124: 1050: 1002: 861: 807: 474: 433: 419: 214: 145: 9667: 9036: 8781:

Religion and Public Culture: Encounters and Identities in Modern South India

6949:

SPAFA Digest: Journal Of SEAMEO Project in Archaeology and Fine Arts (SPAFA)

1456:

of the dynasty is debated by modern scholars, who have variously argued for

1312: 876:) went on for a long time. The dynasty reached its zenith under the rule of 46: 13238: 13111: 13011: 12881: 12819: 12784: 12766: 12758: 12702: 12642: 12291: 12281: 12161: 12151: 12081: 11916: 11906: 11790: 11720: 11502: 11422: 11042: 10906: 10854: 10722: 10366: 10308: 10183: 10110: 10065: 10042: 10036: 9237:

Fynes, R.C.C. (1995). "The Religious Patronage of the Satavahana Dynasty".

8246: 5941: 4815: 4507: 4267: 4136: 4074: 4044: 4028: 3613: 3150: 2975: 2643: 2572: 2535: 2316:– extended their influence into these regions. The Western Kshatrapa ruler 2031: 1965: 1910: 1274: 1183: 842: 617: 251: 9596:; D'Altroy, Terence N.; Morrison, Kathleen D.; Sinopoli, Carla M. (eds.). 9066:"Linking the Past: Overstruck Coins and the Chronology of the Satavahanas" 8533: 8219: 7387: 3773:

The coin legends of the Satavahanas, in all areas and all periods, used a

1028: 989: 983: 973: 785: 13659:

The Origins of Yoga and Tantra. Indic Religions to the Thirteenth Century

13427: 13420: 13303: 13277: 13085: 13055: 12716: 12311: 12271: 12231: 11630: 11492: 11482: 10419: 10392: 10246: 9868: 7285: 4696: 4582: 4494: 4254: 3945: 3927: 3831: 3777:

dialect without exception. In addition, some reverse coin legends are in

3598: 3583: 3567: 3367: 3197: 3196:. The most frequently mentioned inland settlements include Dhanyakatakam/ 3158: 3103: 3036: 2995: 2735: 2379: 2361: 1864:𑀭𑀸𑀚𑀸 𑀲𑀺𑀭𑀺 𑀙𑀺𑀫𑀼𑀓𑁄 𑀲𑀸𑀤𑀯𑀸𑀳𑀦𑁄 𑀦𑀸𑀕𑀭𑀸𑀬 𑀲𑀔𑀥𑀸𑀪𑁄 1818: 1796: 1745: 1682: 1651: 1528: 1367: 1301: 1253: 1233: 1222: 1212: 1203: 1128: 1085: 940: 912: 896: 850: 826: 241:

Approximate extent of the Satavahana Empire, in the early 1st century CE.

134: 85: 9367: 9300: 9179: 8761: 8318: 8294: 7488: 7461: 2571:, the ruler defeated by Rudradaman was Gautamiputra Satakarni. However, 2382:

inscription of Queen Gotami Balasiri (end of line 5 of the inscription).

13489: 13299: 12221: 12121: 11831: 10496: 10354: 9988: 9803: 7417: 3992: 3759: 3602: 3448: 3424: 3139: 3115: 3065:, claims that her son ruled an extensive territory that stretched from 2929: 2456: 2440: 2341: 2258: 2212: 2196: 2074: 2007: 1606: 1081: 1065:("vehicle"); the expression thus means "one who rides a nimble horse". 6744:(second 1975 ed.), Mumbai: Popular Prakashan, pp. 243, 244, 2553:, on account of the nearness of their connection did not destroy him." 1341:

Sādavāhanakule Kanhe rājini Nāsikakena Samaṇena mahāmāteṇa leṇa kārita

13232: 12191: 10060: 9719: 9590:"On the Edge of Empire: Form and Substance in the Satavahana Dynasty" 7437:(Seventh ed.). University of Calcutta,Kolkata. pp. 365–366. 7147:

The Buddhist Caves at Aurangabad: Transformations in Art and Religion

6458: 6442: 6226: 5884: 4093:, portrayed in a characteristic slim and elegant style. The regional 4073:

The Satavahana rulers are also remarkable for their contributions to

3850:

Satavahana 1st century BCE coin inscribed in Brahmi: "(Sataka)Nisa".

3827: 3668: 3628: 3587: 3523: 3412: 3057: 3048: 3040: 2513: 2467:),... who rooted out the Khakharata family (the Kshaharata family of 2414: 2230: 2226: 2078: 2023: 1979: 1461: 1396: 1199: 1167: 1163: 927:

being variously claimed as the original homeland of the Satavahanas.

924: 920: 838: 822: 627: 607: 274: 9022:

Lists of Inscriptions, and Sketch of the Dynasties of Southern India

7664: 7303:

Ranade, P. V. "A New Interpretation—The Origin of The Satavahanas."

7051:

Shastri, Ajay Mitra. "Sātavāhanas: Original Home and Nomenclature.”

6561:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. p. 145, map XIV.1 (e). 3730:𑀅𑀭𑀳𑀡𑀓𑀼 𑀯𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀣𑀺 𑀫𑀸𑀓𑀡𑀓𑀼 𑀢𑀺𑀭𑀼 𑀧𑀼𑀮𑀼𑀫𑀸𑀯𑀺𑀓𑀼 3321:

The Satavahana-era inscriptions mention three types of settlements:

2506:, indicating involvement in maritime trade and naval power. The old 1961:"Gift of Ananda, the son of Vasithi, the foreman of the artisans of 1929:

over the dome of the stupa in this relief. Dated circa 50 BCE- 0 CE.

1092:

theorised that the word "Satakarni" is derived from the Munda words

956: 39: 13310: 13193: 13051: 12877: 12869: 12823: 12814: 12541: 11452: 10917: 10694: 10684: 10070: 9994: 9976: 9065: 4306: 3919: 3835: 3594: 3519: 3486: 3478: 3454: 3439: 3384: 3270: 3269:

Mahasenapati (civil administrator under Pulumavi II; governor of a

3127: 3107: 2916: 2779: 2746: 2700: 2542: 2468: 2406: 2337: 2317: 2142: 2011: 1995: 1871: 1857: 1770: 1624: 1615: 1597: 1363: 1249: 1159: 935: 288: 284: 269: 114: 9528:

The Sātavāhanas and the Western Kshatrapas: a historical framework

7767:

Proceedings of the Leyden International Oriental Congress for 1883

7211: 7209: 7207: 7205: 7203: 2790: 2633:

captured the northern parts of the kingdom, around Nashik region.

2594:. Satavahana dominions were limited to their original base in the 2077:

of the Southern Gateway by the artisans of the Satavahana Emperor

13391: 13317: 13218: 13199: 13047: 12920: 12873: 12835: 12828: 11750: 10655: 10141: 10087: 9964: 8912: 6510: 4518:

mentions only the main imperial branch of the dynasty, while the

4483: 4173: 3915: 3774: 3682: 3672: 3660: 3531: 3506: 3432: 3404: 3250: 3228: 3189: 3174: 3154: 3146: 3131: 3095: 3066: 3044: 3006: 2460: 1991: 1774: 1700: 1691: 1633: 1564: 1544: 1472: 1465: 1345: 1104: 1034: 995: 951: 830: 814: 810: 803: 265: 7456:(3/4). Istituto Italiano per l'Africa e l'Oriente (IsIAO): 298. 6134: 5218: 4290: 3923: 3627:

Satavahana bilingual coinage in Prakrit and Dravidian (possibly

3110:) in the south, viz. Nagarouris (Nagur), Tabaso (Tavasi), Inde ( 2292: 2274: 1290: 13354: 12925: 12840: 12772: 12698: 11550: 9758: 9656: 8998: 8973:

Sanskrit Drama & Dramatists: Their Chronology, Mind and Art

8063: 7773: 7200: 5844: 4606: 4228: 4155: 3903: 3899: 3806: 3707: 3609: 3201: 3185: 3181: 3162: 3135: 2907: 2898: 2672: 2485: 2452: 2410: 2348:. Nahapana's profile and coin legend are still clearly visible. 2309: 2070: 2058: 2043: 1906: 1814: 1805:

states that "the four Kanvas will rule the earth for 45 years;

1766: 1457: 1265: 1257: 1139: 857: 587: 322: 185: 8969: 8538:(2. print ed.). Hyderabad: Potti Sreeramulu Telugu Univ. 4097:

of sculpture also influenced the sculpture of Southeast Asia.

3501:

Most of the Satavahana inscriptions and coin legends are in a

3249:

The Satavahanas followed the administration guidelines of the

10444: 9982: 9808: 9705: 8953: 8951: 8689:

Art, Los Angeles County Museum of; Pal, Pratapaditya (1986).

4024: 3802: 3766: 3371: 3205: 3193: 2834: 2812: 2591: 2054: 2051: 2035: 1983: 1349: 1269: 1171: 1155: 1046: 856:

The origin of the dynasty is uncertain, but according to the

829:. At different times, their rule extended to parts of modern 752: 737: 541: 92: 8936: 8486: 7645:

Journal of the International Association of Buddhist Studies

7551: 7549: 2245:

Foreigners making a dedication to the Great Stupa at Sanchi.

1841:

Rano siri chimu(ka) sātavāhanasa soḍe vachare 10 6 mātiseka

1432:, which seem to be identical with the territorial indicator 1330:𑀲𑀸𑀤𑀯𑀸𑀳𑀦𑀓𑀼𑀮𑁂 𑀓𑀦𑁆𑀳𑁂𑀭𑀸𑀚𑀺𑀦𑀺 𑀦𑀸𑀲𑀺𑀓𑁂𑀦 12885: 12726: 12211: 9092: 8581: 8579: 8577: 8575: 8464: 8462: 8120: 7607: 7605: 7603: 7534: 7221: 7188: 2587: 2444: 1962: 1514:

interprets the term "the only protector" of the Brahmanas.

888: 869: 764: 758: 743: 303: 9002:

Early History of the Dekkan Down to the Mahomedan Conquest

8980: 8948: 8417: 8415: 8413: 8400: 8398: 8396: 8344: 8342: 8340: 8264: 8262: 8260: 8258: 8256: 7871: 7574:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. pp. 20, 145. 7071: 7069: 7067: 7065: 7063: 7061: 6963: 6961: 6959: 6849: 6847: 6845: 6820: 6818: 6816: 6814: 6812: 6810: 6808: 6806: 6804: 6740:

Kosambi, Damodar Dharmanand (1956), "Satavahana Origins",

3043:

states. At times, their rule also extended to present-day

2419:

in the west to Kalinga in the east. He assumed the titles

8900: 8861: 8836: 8824: 7717: 7546: 7020: 7018: 6802: 6800: 6798: 6796: 6794: 6792: 6790: 6788: 6786: 6784: 6695: 6693: 6691: 6689: 6687: 6685: 6683: 6597: 6595: 6593: 2057:. Satakarni II is known from a dedicatory inscription at 1111:

below). It does not appear in the dynasty's own records.

13704:

States and territories disestablished in the 3rd century

8736:"Further light on the bilingual coin of the Sātavāhanas" 8572: 8503: 8501: 8474: 8459: 8427: 8325: 8295:"THE VIḶIVĀYAKURAS AND SIVALAKURA OF THE KOLHAPUR COINS" 8038: 8036: 7895: 7715: 7713: 7711: 7709: 7707: 7705: 7703: 7701: 7699: 7697: 7600: 7430: 7250: 7248: 7176: 7100: 7098: 7096: 7081: 6757: 3260:

Rajas, petty princes who struck coins in their own names

3081:, Ptolemy (100–170 CE) states that when Siro Polemaios ( 2695:

South-western parts (northern Karanataka), ruled by the

1846:"In the year sixteen 16 of King Siri Chimuka Sātavāhana" 8410: 8393: 8337: 8274: 8253: 7986:

Ajanta Paintings: 86 Panels of Jatakas and Other Themes

7474: 7355: 7058: 6956: 6842: 3693:𑀭𑀜𑁄 𑀯𑀸𑀲𑀺𑀣𑀺𑀧𑀼𑀢𑀲 𑀲𑀺𑀭𑀺 𑀧𑀼𑀎𑀼𑀫𑀸𑀯𑀺𑀲 9208:

Falk, Harry (2009). "Two Dated Sātavāhana Epigraphs".

9005:. Printed at the Government Central Press. p. 25. 7946: 7944: 7931: 7929: 7739: 7495: 7447: 7403: 7015: 6929:

Deo, Shantaram Bhalchandra; Joshi, Jagat Pati (1972).

6830: 6781: 6680: 6590: 6580: 6578: 6392: 3305: 3294: 3288: 3061:

inscription issued by Gautami Balashri, the mother of

8560: 8513: 8498: 8033: 7890:

Falk, Harry, (2009). "Two Dated Satavahana Epigraphs"

7694: 7617: 7588: 7310: 7245: 7093: 6451:

Vasisthiputra Sri Chimuka Satavahana (ca. 120–96 BCE)

3235:), 1st-3rd century CE. The inscription "Rāya Asoko" ( 2034:

ruled for 56 years, during which he captured eastern

1851:

Kanaganahalli inscription of the 16th year of Simuka.

761: 734: 731: 9348:

Annals of the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute

9281:

Annals of the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute

9279:

Joglekar, S. A. (1946). "SĀTAVĀHANA AND SĀTAKARṆI".

9168:

Annals of the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute

8715: 8381: 8299:

Annals of the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute

7727: 7005: 7003: 6868:

Companion Studies to the History of Tamil Literature

749: 740: 13652:, Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press 9430:

Monastery and guild: commerce under the Sātavāhanas

9166:(1996). "Sātavāhana Chronology: A Re-examination". 8086: 7941: 7926: 7513: 7375: 6575: 4486:give different lists of the Satavahana rulers. The 3582:The earliest extant Satavahana inscription is from 3370:, as well as epigraphic references to artisans and 1252:was issued by Nayanika (or Naganika), the widow of 887:The Satavahanas were early issuers of Indian state 755: 746: 9599:Empires: Perspectives from Archaeology and History 9387: 8924: 8690: 7982: 7793: 7757: 7233: 6896:"The Journal of the Numismatic Society of India". 6769: 6488:Vasisthiputra Sriskanda Satakarni (ca. 156–170 CE) 6443:Shailendra Bhandare's edited list by Andrew Ollett 4414:Regional Satavahana rulers of south-eastern Deccan 3597:, an inscription issued by Nayanika, the widow of 3526:of Gautamiputra Satakarni uses Sanskrit verses in 3515:anthology attributed to the Satavahana king Hala. 2514:Second Western Satraps invasion under Rudradaman I 2042:. This allowed him access to the Buddhist site of 8672:Nākacāmi, Irāmaccantiran̲; Nagaswamy, R. (1981). 8671: 8661:. Government of Andhra Pradesh. 1969. p. XV. 7053:Bulletin of the Deccan College Research Institute 7000: 6497:Vasisthiputra Sricanda Satakarni (ca. 206–220 CE) 6494:Gautamiputra Srivijaya Satakarni (ca. 200–205 CE) 4077:and architecture. They built great stupas in the 4007:can also be attributed to the Satavahana period. 3586:, which states that the cave was commissioned by 2471:); who restored the glory of the Satavahana race. 1867:Rājā Siri Chimuko Sādavāhano nāgarāya Sakhadhābho 1543:Information about the Satavahanas comes from the 1366:inscription. Dated to 70-60 BCE, in the reign of 13690: 8733: 8054:Inscription of Queen Mother Gautami Balashri at 7164: 7030: 6491:Gautamiputra Sriyajña Satakarni (ca. 171–199 CE) 6438:Gotamiputa Siri Vijaya Satakani (ca. 215–225 CE) 6426:Vasithiputa Siri Khada Satakani (ca. 160–165 CE) 5759:), Vada-Śri or Candra-Śri-Śatakarṇi - 10 years ( 3590:Saman of Nashik during the reign of king Kanha. 3284:s) were appointed as viceroys of the provinces. 2476:Inscription of Queen Mother Gautami Balashri at 2439:… who crushed down the pride and conceit of the 2229:with his royal cortege issuing from the city of 1436:of the Myakadoni inscription of Pulumayi or the 1001:According to one theory, the word "Satavahana" ( 9333:. University of California Press. p. 194. 8992: 8613:. Motilal Banarsidass Publishers. p. 113. 7332:Geography from Ancient Indian Coins & Seals 6607: 6485:Vasisthiputra Sivasri Pulumavi (ca. 148–156 CE) 6423:Vasithiputa Siva Siri Pulumayi (ca. 152–160 CE) 4003:, and the cornucopia found in Posheri, kept at 3809:symbol", a cross with four circles at the end. 3074:hunter-gatherers and other tribal communities. 2661:. Madhya Pradesh was also part of his kingdom. 2427:(Great King), and was described as the Lord of 2088: 1057:, the dynasty's name is derived from the words 1053:, as was common in ancient India. According to 27:Indian dynasty (2nd century BCE–3rd century CE) 9390:Ancient and medieval history of Andhra Pradesh 9311:An Introduction to the Study of Indian History 9115: 8879: 8531: 8444: 8442: 8177:The European Handbook of Central Asian Studies 7791: 7779: 7638:"Kanaganahalli in Satavahana art and Buddhism" 7362:. Andhra Pradesh Sahitya Akademi. p. 10. 7335:. Concept Publishing Company. pp. 22–23. 7215: 6405: 4005:Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Vastu Sangrahalaya 2184:The Miracle of Walking in the air at Savrasti. 12658: 12624: 10583: 9890: 9672: 9025:. Vol. 2. Government Press. p. 145. 9015: 8880:Chattopadhyaya, Brajadulal (1 January 2009). 8774: 8602: 8600: 8598: 8596: 8594: 8153:. Oxford University Press. 2002. p. 51. 7800:. Inner Traditions / Bear & Co. pp. 7431:Hem Chandra Raychaudhuri (23 February 2024). 6980:Staff, Rao P. R.; Rao, P. Raghunadha (1989). 4281:interregnum rule with vassal Satavahana kings 3542:which was in older times very much closer to 2575:believed that the defeated ruler was his son 2275:First Western Satraps invasion under Nahapana 1440:of the Hirahadagalli grant consisting of the 1080:("son"), implying "son of the performer of a 702: 12672: 9447: 8779:. In Keith E. Yandell; John J. Paul (eds.). 7751: 7567: 7517:Ancient Malwa and the Vikramāditya Tradition 7399: 7397: 7291: 6986:. Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd. p. 24. 6952:. SPAFA Co-ordinating Unit. 1987. p. 4. 6554: 6482:Vasisthiputra Sri Satakarni (ca. 119–148 CE) 6429:Vasithiputa Vijaya Satakani (ca. 165–170 CE) 3971:, Royal Procession, Decorative pillar, etc. 3797:elites rather than the Satavahana monarchs. 3366:archaeological discoveries at sites such as 1998:, taking advantage of the turmoil caused by 1475:call the founder of the Satavahana family a 13633: 9261:Encyclopedia of Ancient Asian Civilizations 8697:. University of California Press. pp. 8439: 8127:. Cambridge University Press. p. 138. 7978: 7976: 7830:. Tata McGraw-Hill Education. p. 251. 6641:"Koti Lingala, a major pilgrim destination" 4522:puts together princes of all its branches. 4197: 3411:in 79 CE). It is thought to have come from 3142:), as being located in Northern Karnataka. 3027:The Satavahana territory included northern 2211:Miracle of the Buddha walking on the River 1905:The southern gateway of the Great Stupa at 1336:𑀲𑀫𑀡𑁂𑀦 𑀫𑀳𑀸𑀫𑀸𑀢𑁂𑀡 𑀮𑁂𑀡 𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀢 12665: 12651: 12631: 12617: 10590: 10576: 9897: 9883: 9162: 9140: 8986: 8957: 8918: 8906: 8867: 8855: 8842: 8830: 8591: 8331: 7901: 7892:, in Indo-Iranian Journal 52, pp. 197-200. 7555: 7477:Proceedings of the Indian History Congress 7406:Proceedings of the Indian History Congress 7305:Proceedings of the Indian History Congress 7143: 6742:Introduction to the study of India history 6500:Mathariputra Sri Pulumavi (ca. 220–230 CE) 6479:Vasisthiputra Sri Pulumavi (ca. 84–119 CE) 6420:Vasithiputa Siri Satakani (ca. 125–152 CE) 3926:is famous for compiling the collection of 3789:, in the Dravidian script (similar to the 3740:Aracanaku Vācitti Makaṇaku Tiru Pulumāviku 3735:Arahaṇaku Vāhitti Mākaṇaku Tiru Pulumāviku 2002:invasions of northern India. He performed 1174:(Bhandara District). 2nd-1st century BCE. 1088:appear to be variations of the same word. 709: 695: 9059: 9057: 8751: 8693:Indian Sculpture: Circa 500 B.C.-A.D. 700 8236: 8218: 7857:. Motilal Banarsidass Publ. p. 154. 7785: 7394: 7382:. Calcutta: Sanskrit College. p. 9. 7123:. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. p. 249. 6476:Gautamiputra Sri Satakarni (ca. 60–84 CE) 6417:Vasithiputa Siri Pulumayi (ca. 85–125 CE) 3743:"Of King Tiru Pulumavi, son of Vasishthi" 3701:"Of King Lord Pulumavi, son of Vasishthi" 3403:ivory statuette was found in the ruin of 1123:mentions a "Nurruvar Kannar", who helped 13647: 9587: 9278: 9063: 9009: 8999:Sir Ramkrishna Gopal Bhandarkar (1884). 8942: 8886:. Pearson Education India. p. 259. 8727: 8585: 8492: 8480: 8468: 8433: 8421: 8404: 8348: 8280: 8268: 8105: 8008: 8006: 7973: 7962: 7684: 7682: 7540: 7520:. Munshiram Manoharlal. pp. 67–68. 7265: 7263: 7227: 7194: 7075: 7047: 7045: 6979: 6967: 6928: 6880: 6865: 6853: 6699: 6601: 4477: 3978: 3885: 3881: 3557: 3394: 3344: 3222: 2609: 2517: 2351: 2331: 2100: 2091: 1358: 1149: 934: 9545: 9524: 9503: 9486:Ancient Indian History and Civilization 9345: 9307: 8970:Kr̥shṇājī Pāṇḍuraṅga Kulakarṇī (1927). 8634: 8632: 8630: 8367:. Oxford University Press. p. 27. 7594: 7316: 7277: 7275: 7104: 7024: 6836: 6763: 6739: 6665: 6663: 6661: 6639:K.M., Dayashankar (26 September 2014). 4139:'s assault on the Buddha, 2nd century, 1170:protecting the throne of the Buddha at 1061:("sharpened", "nimble" or "swift") and 14: 13691: 13656: 13222:Co-existence of Hinduism and Buddhism 9620: 9549:Early Buddhist Architecture in Context 9328: 9257: 9098: 9054: 8688: 8606: 8566: 8519: 8507: 8448: 8360: 8042: 7877: 7721: 7623: 7254: 7116: 6584: 6154:Mandalaka aka Puttalaka or Pulumavi II 5509:); 24 years according to inscriptions 3754:, a practice derived from that of the 2982: 2973: 2493:Gautamiputra was succeeded by his son 1725: 1716: 1707: 1698: 1595: 1584: 1575: 1283:Inscription of king Kanha (100–70 BCE) 1108: 221: 212: 203: 163: 143: 112: 101: 13624: 13419: 13236: 13165: 13138: 13089: 13084: 12646: 9671: 9566: 9468: 9236: 9186: 8803: 8721: 8455:. Oxford University Press. p. 3. 8387: 8354: 8200: 8173: 8092: 8003: 7950: 7935: 7733: 7679: 7611: 7328: 7260: 7182: 7087: 7042: 6915: 6775: 6735: 6733: 6473:Gautamiputra Siva Satakarni (?–60 CE) 6435:Gotamiputa Siri Cada (ca. 200–215 CE) 3969:Dvarapala, Gajalaksmi, Shalabhanjikas 3570:No.3, Inscription No.4. Circa 150 CE. 3004: 2993: 2951: 2914: 2905: 2896: 2885: 2876: 2863: 2854: 2841: 2832: 2819: 2810: 2799: 2788: 2777: 2764: 2753: 2733: 2724: 2712: 2530:Pulumavi's successor was his brother 1689: 1680: 1671: 1640: 1631: 1622: 1604: 1374:Kanha's Pandavleni mentions the term 152: 9308:Kosambi, Damodar Dharmanand (1975). 9207: 8627: 8364:Aśoka and the Decline of the Mauryas 7956: 7914: 7850: 7688:John Marshall, "A guide to Sanchi", 7412:. Indian History Congress: 117–118. 7272: 6658: 6638: 4543:Puranic genealogy of Andhra dynasty 3671:), and transcription of the obverse 2962: 2940: 2927: 2744: 2386:The Satavahana power was revived by 1974:Simuka was succeeded by his brother 1879:Kanaganahalli inscription of Simuka. 1743: 1734: 1649: 1613: 1562: 1145: 192: 183: 172: 132: 121: 90: 9482: 9426: 9408: 9385: 9374: 9119:Some Early Dynasties of South India 8930: 8292: 7792:Alain Daniélou (11 February 2003). 7745: 7662: 7635: 7501: 7239: 7170: 7036: 7009: 6824: 6669: 6432:Siri Yaña Satakani (ca. 170–200 CE) 6414:Gautamiputa Satakani (ca. 60–85 CE) 6393:Mid-Chronology of Satavahana rulers 5816: 4062: 1942:𑀆𑀯𑁂𑀲𑀡𑀺𑀲 𑀯𑀸𑀲𑀺𑀣𑀻𑀧𑀼𑀢𑀲 24: 10547:List of Inventions and Discoveries 9933: 9546:Shimada, Akira (9 November 2012). 9064:Bhandare, Shailen (January 2011). 8854:These sculptures are mentioned in 8807:Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature 7434:Political History of Ancient India 6874: 6730: 5825:List of Satavahana dynasty rulers 4539:(not present in the table below). 4525:The names of the Andhra kings (in 4209:List of Satavahana dynasty rulers 4091:scenes from the life of the Buddha 3698:Raño Vāsiṭhiputasa Siri-Puḷumāvisa 3021:Main polities in Asia, circa -100. 1884: 1870:"Lord King Simuka the Satavahana, 1660: 1166:were also found. Pillar with Naga 576: 567: 25: 13740: 9649: 9448:Raychaudhuri, Hemchandra (2006). 9381:. Andhra Pradesh Sahitya Akademi. 9375:Rao, B. S. L. Hanumantha (1976). 9190:A Study of the Sātavāhana Coinage 9116:Chattopadhyaya, Sudhakar (1974). 8858:. Only names have been mentioned. 8810:. Sahitya Akademi. p. 1375. 8804:Datta, Amaresh (1 January 1988). 8532:Hanumantha Rao, B. S. L. (2001). 8106:Majumdar, Ramesh Chandra (2003). 5675:), Yajñaśri - 9, 20 or 29 years ( 4167: 3812: 3505:. This language has been termed " 3218: 3031:region, spanning the present-day 2705:South-eastern part, ruled by the 2605: 2598:and eastern central India around 975:Śātavāhana, Śālivāhana, Śātakarṇi 860:, their first king overthrew the 13605: 13596: 13587: 13578: 13569: 13560: 13551: 13542: 13532:References and sources for table 10612: 10066:Spread of Jainism – Parshvanatha 9704: 9655: 9475:Coinage of the Satavahana Empire 9083: 9029: 8963: 8873: 8848: 8797: 8783:. Routledge. pp. 235, 253. 8777:"The Heterodoxies in Tamil Nadu" 8768: 8682: 8665: 8649: 8525: 8449:Sastri, Nilakanta K. A. (1955). 7571:A Historical atlas of South Asia 7568:Schwartzberg, Joseph E. (1978). 7356:B. S. L. Hanumantha Rao (1976). 6935:. Nagpur University. p. 99. 6558:A Historical atlas of South Asia 6555:Schwartzberg, Joseph E. (1978). 4729:), Mallakarni - 10 or 18 years ( 4147: 4129: 4117: 4102: 3858: 3843: 3819: 3681:Portrait of the king. Legend in 3648: 3637: 3314:' interpretation, was the chief 3177:incursions from the north-west. 3089:) of Basavana Bagewadi taluk of 2719: 2327: 2250: 2238: 2219: 2204: 2189: 2177: 2162: 2150: 2135: 2123: 2111: 2101: 2064: 1938:𑀭𑀸𑀜𑁄 𑀲𑀺𑀭𑀺 𑀲𑀸𑀢𑀓𑀡𑀺𑀲 1918: 1898: 1557: 1424:which is the contracted form of 1311: 1289: 982:versions of the indigenous name 955: 950: 727: 521: 507: 493: 479: 465: 451: 426: 412: 84: 78: 8883:A Social History of Early India 8286: 8194: 8167: 8141: 8114: 8098: 8077: 8068: 8048: 8024: 8015: 7907: 7883: 7844: 7818: 7669:South Asian Archaeology and Art 7655: 7629: 7561: 7507: 7468: 7441: 7424: 7369: 7349: 7322: 7297: 7137: 7110: 6973: 6939: 6921: 6908: 6889: 6859: 6381: 6363: 6345: 6327: 6294: 6274: 6253: 6233: 6213: 6195: 6177: 6159: 6141: 6121: 6103: 6074: 6056: 6038: 6020: 6002: 5984: 5966: 5948: 5928: 5910: 5892: 5871: 5851: 5671:Yajñaśri Śatakarṇi - 19 years ( 4081:Valley, including the stupa at 4010: 3914:The Satavahanas patronised the 3871: 3553: 3276:Mahatalavara ("great watchman") 1892:Sanchi donations (50 BCE- 0 CE) 10866:Ochre Coloured Pottery culture 10542:Science and Technology History 9148:. Delhi: B.L Bansal, Sharada. 6705: 6632: 6548: 5931: 159 – 141 BCE 5913: 177 – 159 BCE 5895: 187 – 177 BCE 5874: 205 – 187 BCE 5854: 228 – 205 BCE 4194:vary greatly with each other. 3793:apart from a few variations). 3765:Thousands of lead, copper and 3380:Periplus of the Erythraean Sea 1296:Cave No.19 of Satavahana king 13: 1: 13709:Empires and kingdoms of India 11796: 11535: 11508: 11407: 11386: 11309: 11248: 11177: 11160: 11143: 11126: 11109: 11088: 11003: 10986: 10740: 9427:Ray, Himanshu Prabha (1986). 9251:10.1080/02666030.1995.9628494 9079:– via www.academia.edu. 8180:. Ibidem Press. p. 403. 8110:. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass. 7989:. Hari Sena. pp. 15–16. 7294:, pp. 342, 360, 363–364. 6536: 6384: 217 – 224 CE 6366: 207 – 214 CE 6348: 201 – 207 CE 6330: 172 – 201 CE 6297: 158 – 165 CE 6277: 130 – 158 CE 6256: 106 – 130 CE 5951: 141 – 85 BCE 4598:Alternative names and reigns 4112:, fragments of Buddhist stupa 3951: 3874: 167 – 196 CE 3407:(destroyed in an eruption of 3106:in the north and Banaouasei ( 2647: 2391: 1860:, and the inscription reads: 1550: 1508:vinivatita chatu vana sankara 378: 363: 64: 57: 13661:, Cambridge University Press 13629:, Cambridge University Press 13359:Decline of Buddhism in India 12796:Northern Black Polished Ware 10951:Northern Black Polished Ware 10071:Spread of Jainism – Mahavira 9525:Shastri, Ajay Mitra (1998). 9504:Shastri, Ajay Mitra (1999). 9483:Sen, Sailendra Nath (1999). 9037:"Deccan Heritage Foundation" 7851:Jain, Kailash Chand (1972). 7514:Dineschandra Sircar (1969). 7376:Dineschandra Sircar (1965). 6541: 6531:List of wars involving India 6236: 78 – 106 CE 6041: 19 – 12 BCE 6023: 37 – 19 BCE 6005: 55 – 37 BCE 5987: 67 – 55 BCE 5969: 85 – 67 BCE 5342:), Pravillasena - 12 years ( 5248:); 1 year in one manuscript 4038: 3906:during the reign of his son 3419:in the beginning of our era. 3349:Indian ship on lead coin of 3306: 3295: 3289: 3257:Rajan, the hereditary rulers 2093:Sanchi under the Satavahanas 943:(70-60 BCE). Obverse legend: 930: 47: 7: 13627:An Introduction to Hinduism 12547:Influence on Southeast Asia 10472:Dynasties in Indian History 9588:Sinopoli, Carla M. (2001). 9573:. Pearson Education India. 9433:. Oxford University Press. 9386:Rao, P. Raghunadha (1993). 9164:Dhavalikar, Madhukar Keshav 9142:Dhavalikar, Madhukar Keshav 7983:Rajesh Kumar Singh (2013). 6983:Indian Heritage and Culture 6898:Numismatic Society of India 6504: 6406:List by Shailendra Bhandare 6216: 77 – 78 CE 6198: 76 – 77 CE 6180: 71 – 76 CE 6162: 69 – 71 CE 6144: 61 – 66 CE 6124: 36 – 61 CE 6059: 12 – 9 BCE 4320:Restored Satavahana dynasty 4154:Scroll supported by Indian 4124:Fragment of Amaravati stupa 3890:Satavahana architecture at 3496: 3477:(officer-in-charge) of the 3423:The Satavahanas patronized 3390: 3227:Ashoka with his Queens, at 3192:, Kuda (unidentified), and 3149:(2nd century CE) mentioned 3083:Vasishthiputra Sri Pulumayi 1029: 990: 984: 974: 790:), also referred to as the 786: 10: 13745: 13650:Hinduism. Past and present 13520:Chera Perumals of Makkotai 13478:Chera Perumals of Makkotai 12870:Rise of Shramana movements 10929:Black and Red ware culture 10467:Timeline of Indian History 9604:Cambridge University Press 9507:The Age of the Sātavāhanas 9108: 9041:Deccan Heritage Foundation 8753:10.1163/000000069790078428 8201:Török, Tibor (July 2023). 6106: 1 – 36 CE 6077: 9 – 1 BCE 5395:Cakora Śatakarṇi (Chakora) 5334:), Purikaṣena - 21 years ( 4066: 3957:Madhukar Keshav Dhavalikar 3826:Early Satavahana coinage, 3619: 3503:Middle Indo-Aryan language 3458:(royal consecration), and 3417:Indo-Roman trade relations 3351:Vasisthiputra Sri Pulamavi 3340: 3318:of Gautamiputra's mother. 2636: 2579:. Shailendra Nath Sen and 2499:Vasisthiputra Sri Pulamavi 2495:Vasisthiputra Sri Pulamavi 2284: 2278: 1817:rule, followed by a Kanva 1538: 1490:). Some scholars, such as 1090:Damodar Dharmanand Kosambi 902: 40: 13714:History of Andhra Pradesh 13657:Samuel, Geoffrey (2010), 13529: 13426: 13405:Pandyan kingdom (revival) 13390: 13369: 13344: 13316: 13276: 13271: 13212: 13098: 13033: 12991: 12970: 12954: 12943: 12936: 12919: 12903: 12889: 12860: 12853: 12799: 12781: 12778:Painted Grey Ware culture 12763: 12755: 12739: 12715: 12712: 12707: 12694: 12689: 12680: 10940:Painted Grey Ware culture 10812:Indus Valley Civilisation 10023:Indus Valley Civilization 9678: 9673:Links to related articles 9489:. New Age International. 8734:R. Panneerselvam (1969). 7329:Gupta, Parmanand (1989). 6932:Pauni Excavation, 1969-70 4412: 4318: 4294:(vassal under Kshatrapas) 4276: 3999:, the Yaksi image in the 3974: 3941: 3689:(starting at 12 o'clock): 3655:Bilingual coinage of Sri 3518:The Satvahanas also used 2558:Junagadh rock inscription 1760:South Asia circa 150 BCE. 537: 391: 387: 372: 357: 353: 343: 339: 329: 316: 312: 302: 294: 280: 261: 247: 73: 56: 34: 13625:Flood, Gavin D. (1996), 13214:"Golden Age of Hinduism" 13179:Kushano-Sasanian Kingdom 13095:Maha-Meghavahana Dynasty 12856:Persian-Greek influences 12674:Middle kingdoms of India 11591:Gurjara-Pratihara Empire 11571:Eastern Chalukya Kingdom 11172:Maha-Megha-Vahana Empire 10180:, c. 228 BCE – c. 224 CE 10054:Rise of Śramaṇa movement 10029:Post Indus Valley Period 9973:, c. 7600 – c. 1000 BCE 9632:Harvard University Press 9258:Higham, Charles (2009). 9222:10.1163/001972409X445924 8452:A History of South India 8293:Pai, M. Govinda (1942). 7796:A Brief History of India 7379:The Guhilas of Kiṣkindhā 7144:Brancaccio, Pia (2010). 6881:Zvelebil, Kamil (1975). 6866:Zvelebil, Kamil (1992). 5559:Vashishtiputra Satakarni 5018:Skandasvati - 28 years ( 4356:Vashishtiputra Satakarni 4198:List based on Archeology 3762:kings to the northwest. 3245:is carved on the relief. 2532:Vashishtiputra Satakarni 2524:Vashishtiputra Satakarni 1935:Text of the inscription: 1496:Hem Chandra Raychaudhuri 1468:origins of the dynasty. 1447: 1176:National Museum of India 658:Vashishtiputra Satakarni 13648:Michaels, Axel (2004), 13346:Late-Classical Hinduism 11691:Western Chalukya Empire 10834:Mature Harappan culture 10215:, c. 606 CE – c. 647 CE 10039:, c. 1500 – c. 500 BCE 10033:, c. 1700 – c. 1500 BCE 10025:, c. 3300 – c. 1700 BCE 9567:Singh, Upinder (2008). 9413:, Sterling Publishers, 9394:. Sterling Publishers. 9329:Ollett, Andrew (2017). 8610:Studies in Indian Coins 8361:Thapar, Romila (2012). 7966:Epigraphia Indica Vol.8 6673:Epigraphia Indica Vol 8 6526:List of Indian monarchs 5720:Candraśri (Chandrashri) 5497:Yantramati - 34 years ( 3908:Vasishthiputra Pulumavi 3722:and to a lesser extent 3657:Vasishthiputra Pulumavi 2577:Vasishthiputra Pulumavi 2375:𑀲𑀓 𑀬𑀯𑀦 𑀧𑀮𑁆𑀳𑀯) 2016:Hathigumpha inscription 1954:āvesaṇisa vāsitḥīputasa 1041:("driven by seven"; in 911:, with the present-day 648:Vasishthiputra Pulumavi 13724:History of Maharashtra 12732:Middle Gangetic Plain 12597:Science and technology 10981:Three Crowned Kingdoms 10823:Early Harappan culture 10638:(2,500,000–250,000 BC) 10537:Paper Currency History 10395:, c. 1799 – c. 1849 CE 10389:, c. 1760 – c. 1799 CE 10383:, c. 1757 – c. 1858 CE 10377:, c. 1674 – c. 1818 CE 10369:, c. 1576 – c. 1757 CE 10045:, c. 1200 – c. 500 BCE 10001:South Indian Neolithic 9938: 9454:. Cosmo Publications. 9378:The Age of Satavahanas 9331:Language of the Snakes 8921:, pp. 77, 81, 84. 8775:James D. Ryan (2013). 8607:Sircar, D. C. (2008). 8535:The age of Satavahanas 8174:Fauve, Jeroen (2021). 8150:Atlas of World History 7854:Malwa Through The Ages 7359:The Age of Satavahanas 7307:, vol. 26, 1964, p. 62 6615:"The Satavahana Phase" 4468:Haritiputra Satakarni 4457:Madhariputra Sakasena 4380:Shiva Skanda Satakarni 4330:Gautamiputra Satakarni 4015:The sculptures of the 3988: 3922:. The Satavahana king 3911: 3838:type, 1st century BCE. 3752:Gautamiputra Satakarni 3571: 3564:Gautamiputra Satakarni 3446:sacrifices, including 3420: 3354: 3246: 3063:Gautamiputra Satakarni 2689:region), ruled by the 2623: 2561: 2527: 2491: 2403:Gautamiputra Satakarni 2388:Gautamiputra Satakarni 2383: 2349: 2346:Gautamiputra Satakarni 2087: 2030:Satakarni's successor 1882: 1854: 1479:(Shudra or low-born). 1371: 1179: 1055:Inguva Kartikeya Sarma 970: 882:Vasisthiputra Pulamavi 878:Gautamiputra Satakarni 638:Gautamiputra Satakarni 581: 572: 374:• Disestablished 13261:Western Ganga Dynasty 13128: 1st century BCE 13116:Early Pandyan kingdom 13081: 2nd century BCE 13041:(ca. 200 BC - 300 CE) 13035:Preclassical Hinduism 13016:Early Pandyan kingdom 12988: 3rd century BCE 12933: 4th century BCE 12900: 5th century BCE 12810: 6th century BCE 12735:Lower Gangetic Plain 12723:Upper Gangetic Plain 12500:Specialised histories 11771:Kalachuris of Kalyani 11761:Kalachuris of Tripuri 11443:Western Ganga Kingdom 11371:Indo-Sassanid Kingdom 11321:Western Satrap Empire 11304:Indo-Parthian Kingdom 11294:Indo-Scythian Kingdom 10845:Late Harappan culture 10606:History of South Asia 10512:Philosophical History 10492:Architectural History 10426:Independence Movement 10262:, c. 973 – c. 1187 CE 10256:, c. 848 – c. 1251 CE 10233:, c. 760 – c. 973 CE 9937: 9859:Sultanate of Golconda 9314:. Popular Prakashan. 8220:10.3390/genes14071345 7963:Hultzsch, E. (1906). 7150:. BRILL. p. 61. 7117:Rocher, Ludo (1986). 7055:, 54/55, 1994, p. 381 6454:Krsna (ca. 96–88 BCE) 6358:Chandra Sri Satakarni 6308:Shivaskanda Satakarni 6247:Gautamiputra Satkarni 5147:Pulomavi - 36 years ( 4478:List based on Puranas 4162:, 2nd–3rd century CE. 3982: 3889: 3882:Cultural achievements 3865:Coin of Gautamiputra 3561: 3398: 3348: 3226: 2613: 2547: 2521: 2437: 2355: 2335: 2083: 1862: 1834: 1362: 1154:Early sculpture from 1153: 1045:, the chariot of the 1037:form of the Sanskrit 938: 897:southern tip of India 668:Shivaskanda Satakarni 580: 571: 262:Common languages 13729:History of Amaravati 13719:History of Telangana 13611:Michaels (2004) p.41 13602:Michaels (2004) p.40 13584:Michaels (2004) p.39 13566:Michaels (2004) p.39 13503:Kamboja-Pala dynasty 13135: 1st century CE 12018:Ahmadnagar Sultanate 11820:Late medieval period 11731:Eastern Ganga Empire 11463:Vishnukundina Empire 10562:Wars involving India 10435:, 1947 CE – present 10260:2nd Chalukya Dynasty 10221:, c. 724 – c. 760 CE 10186:, c. 240 – c. 550 CE 10095:1700 – 682 BCE 10031:(Cemetery H Culture) 9746:History and Kingdoms 9664:at Wikimedia Commons 9339:10.1525/j.ctt1w8h1vk 9210:Indo-Iranian Journal 9187:Dutta, Mala (1990). 9101:, pp. 189, 190. 8740:Indo-Iranian Journal 8675:Tamil Coins: A Study 7880:, pp. 190, 195. 7663:Zin, Monika (2012). 7636:Zin, Monika (2018). 5608:Śivaskanda Śatakarṇi 5452:Svātisena - 1 year ( 5379:Sundara Svatikarṇa ( 5052:Mahendra Śatakarṇi ( 4393:Yajna Shri Satakarni 4368:Shiva Shri Pulumavi 3918:language instead of 3241:, "King Ashoka") in 3017:class=notpageimage| 2671:Western part around 2569:Dineshchandra Sircar 2443:; who destroyed the 2423:(King of Kings) and 2287:Saka-Satavahana Wars 2233:to visit the Buddha. 2169:Lion pillar capital. 2096:1st century BCE/CE. 1950:Rāño Siri Sātakaṇisa 1756:class=notpageimage| 1524:Dvātriṃśat-Puttalikā 1318:Inscription of king 1194:region, present-day 13462:Rashtrakuta dynasty 12914:Shaishunaga dynasty 12864:Second Urbanisation 12709:Indo-Gangetic Plain 12100:Early modern period 11947:Vijayanagara Empire 11927:Chitradurga Kingdom 11621:Bhauma-Kara Kingdom 11033:Shaishunaga dynasty 10517:History of Religion 10482:Demographic History 10447:, 1950 CE – present 10414:The Great Rebellion 10357:, 1538/40 – 1556 CE 10231:Tripartite Struggle 10174:, c. 30 – c. 375 CE 10105:Shaishunaga Dynasty 10093:Brihadratha Dynasty 9839:Vijayanagara Empire 9239:South Asian Studies 9124:Motilal Banarsidass 8945:, pp. 166–168. 8658:Epigraphia Āndhrica 8642:Epigraphia Andhrica 8495:, pp. 175–176. 7780:Chattopadhyaya 1974 7769:. pp. 144–180. 7748:, pp. 176–177. 7614:, pp. 381–384. 7543:, pp. 162–163. 7504:, pp. 173–174. 7230:, pp. 167–168. 7216:Chattopadhyaya 1974 7197:, pp. 168–170. 7185:, pp. 381–382. 7090:, pp. 126–130. 6827:, pp. 172–176. 6521:History of Hinduism 6321:Sri Yajna Satakarni 6288:Shiva Sri Satakarni 6051:Mrigendra Satakarni 5826: 5030:Mṛgendra-Svātikarṇa 4544: 4514:theorised that the 4210: 4203:Himanshu Prabha Ray 3930:poems known as the 3805:), as well as the " 3714:symbols. Legend in 3452:(horse sacrifice), 3280:The royal princes ( 3233:Kanaganahalli Stupa 3091:Vijayapura district 2627:Sri Yajna Sātakarni 2616:Yajna Sri Satakarni 2257:Procession of king 1946:𑀆𑀦𑀁𑀤𑀲 𑀤𑀸𑀦𑀁 967:(Siri) Sātakaṇi(sa) 893:Indo-Gangetic Plain 678:Yajna Sri Satakarni 359:• Established 318:• 228–205 BCE 13699:Satavahana dynasty 13593:Hiltebeitel (2002) 13575:Hiltebeitel (2002) 13273:Hephthalite Empire 13109:(300 BCE – 200 CE) 13100:Satavahana dynasty 13086:Indo-Greek Kingdom 13009:(300 BCE – 200 CE) 13000:Satavahana dynasty 12973:Spread of Buddhism 12695:Northwestern India 12577:Partition of India 12442:Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 12390:Regional histories 12335:National histories 12222:Travancore Kingdom 12192:Thondaiman Kingdom 12062:Golkonda Sultanate 11671:Somavamshi Kingdom 11641:Rashtrakuta Empire 11581:Rashidun Caliphate 11503:Kabul Shahi Empire 11351:Nagas of Padmavati 11274:Indo-Greek Kingdom 11214:(230 BC – AD 1206) 10907:Vedic Civilisation 10855:Vedic Civilisation 10752:Ahar-Banas culture 10487:Linguistic History 10242:Rastrakuta Dynasty 10178:Satavahana Dynasty 10142:Kingdom of Magadha 10121:, c. 600 – 345 BCE 10088:Kingdom of Magadha 10061:Later Vedic Period 10049:Early Vedic period 10037:Vedic civilization 9939: 9710:Chronology of the 9627:The Past Before Us 8645:. 1975. p. x. 7759:Bhagwanlal Indraji 7675:: 763, and fig.14. 6090:(r. 1 BCE – 1 CE) 6069:Kunatala Satakarni 5824: 5206:), Arishṭakarman ( 5064:Kuntala-Svātikarṇa 4733:), Śri Śatakarṇi ( 4542: 4512:H. C. Raychaudhuri 4446:Abhira Isvarasena 4208: 3989: 3987:, 1st century BCE. 3912: 3756:Western Kshatrapas 3572: 3421: 3355: 3329:(market town) and 3273:under Pulumavi IV) 3247: 3114:), Tiripangalida ( 3071:northern Karnataka 2713:Territorial extent 2624: 2528: 2508:stupa at Amaravati 2384: 2350: 2314:Western Kshatrapas 1982:conquered western 1372: 1304:, 1st century BCE. 1218:Ajay Mitra Shastri 1180: 988:, which appear as 971: 880:and his successor 582: 573: 447:Western Kshatrapas 335:Pulumavi IV (last) 331:• 217–224 CE 13686: 13685: 13680: 13679: 13675: 13674: 13671: 13670: 13512:Eastern Chalukyas 13508:Kalyani Chalukyas 13466:Eastern Chalukyas 13455:Gurjara-Pratihara 13448: 9th century 13433:Eastern Chalukyas 13416: 8th century 13401:Eastern Chalukyas 13387:Mlechchha dynasty 13366: 7th century 13348:(ca. CE 650-1100) 13295: 6th century 13268: 5th century 13228: 4th century 13174: 3rd century 13162: 2nd century 13072:Mahayana Buddhism 13039:"Hindu Synthesis" 12906:Persian conquests 12791:Shramanic culture 12727:Ganga-Yamuna doab 12641: 12640: 12326: 12325: 12320: 12319: 12240: 12239: 12142:Thanjavur Kingdom 12090: 12089: 12051:Bijapur Sultanate 12007:Deccan sultanates 11885:Tughlaq Sultanate 11832:Ghaznavid Dynasty 11810: 11809: 11681:Chaulukya Kingdom 11611:Mallabhum kingdom 11601:Umayyad Caliphate 11341:Bharshiva Dynasty 11237:(200 BC – AD 300) 11227:(230 BC – AD 220) 11223:Satavahana Empire 11201: 11200: 11197:(247 BC – AD 224) 11053:Macedonian Empire 11027:(450 BC – AD 489) 11015:Achaemenid Empire 10885: 10884: 10790: 10789: 10713: 10712: 10663: 10662: 10647:Madrasian culture 10600: 10599: 10527:Education History 10445:Republic of India 10439:Dominion of India 10433:Independent India 10422:, 1858 – 1947 CE 10387:Kingdom of Mysore 10363:, 1556 – 1857 CE 10285:, 1206 – 1526 CE 10237:Pratihara dynasty 9960:Madrasian culture 9907: 9906: 9854:Bahmani Sultanate 9794:Eastern Chalukyas 9737:Political history 9660:Media related to 9641:978-0-674-72651-2 9580:978-81-317-1120-0 9559:978-90-04-23283-9 9538:978-81-7192-031-0 9517:978-81-7305-158-6 9461:978-81-307-0291-9 9420:978-81-207-1719-0 9401:978-81-207-1495-3 9321:978-81-7154-038-9 9200:978-81-85151-39-7 9155:978-81-88934-04-1 8790:978-1-136-81801-1 8187:978-3-8382-1518-1 8160:978-0-19-521921-0 8134:978-1-316-29777-3 7920:A guide to Sanchi 7811:978-1-59477-794-3 7782:, pp. 44–50. 7342:978-81-7022-248-4 7292:Raychaudhuri 2006 7218:, pp. 17–56. 6766:, pp. 20–21. 6751:978-81-7154-038-9 6390: 6389: 6208:Chakora Satakarni 6190:Sundara Satakarni 5814: 5813: 5354:Sundara Śatakarṇi 5338:), Pravillasena ( 4965:Svāti (Śatakarṇi) 4475: 4474: 4405:Vijaya Satakarni 4310:(Kshatrapas King) 4110:Amaravati Marbles 3781:(more similar to 3464:Bhagala-Dasaratra 3238:𑀭𑀸𑀬 𑀅𑀲𑁄𑀓𑁄 3138:) and Petirgala ( 3077:As per historian 2378:mentioned in the 2272: 2271: 1162:, where coins of 1146:Original homeland 1109:Original homeland 719: 718: 686: 685: 557:100 BCE–2nd c. CE 547: 546: 533: 532: 529: 528: 439: 438: 36:Satavahana Empire 16:(Redirected from 13736: 13662: 13653: 13644: 13635:Hiltebeitel, Alf 13630: 13612: 13609: 13603: 13600: 13594: 13591: 13585: 13582: 13576: 13573: 13567: 13564: 13558: 13555: 13549: 13546: 13397:Badami Chalukyas 13392:Adivasi (tribes) 13382:Empire of Harsha 13378:Vakataka dynasty 13331:Kalabhra dynasty 13327:Badami Chalukyas 13318:Adivasi (tribes) 13287:Kalabhra dynasty 13253:Kalabhra dynasty 13249:Andhra Ikshvakus 13216:(ca. CE 320-650) 13200:Adivasi (tribes) 13068:Smarta Tradition 12921:Adivasi (tribes) 12836:Adivasi (tribes) 12692:cultural period 12687: 12686: 12683: 12682: 12667: 12660: 12653: 12644: 12643: 12633: 12626: 12619: 12582:Pakistan studies 12422:Himachal Pradesh 12262:Portuguese India 12258: 12257: 12254: 12212:Sikh Confederacy 12108: 12107: 12104: 11957:Bengal Sultanate 11896:Sayyid Sultanate 11874:Khalji Sultanate 11863:Mamluk Sultanate 11828: 11827: 11824: 11805: 11801: 11798: 11741:Kakatiya Kingdom 11651:Paramara Kingdom 11544: 11540: 11537: 11513: 11510: 11453:Kamarupa Kingdom 11416: 11412: 11409: 11402:Kalabhras Empire 11395: 11391: 11388: 11314: 11311: 11298:(50 BC – AD 400) 11278:(180 BC – AD 10) 11257: 11253: 11250: 11219: 11218: 11215: 11186: 11182: 11179: 11165: 11162: 11148: 11145: 11131: 11128: 11114: 11111: 11097: 11093: 11090: 11008: 11005: 10991: 10988: 10971:Haryanka dynasty 10961:Pradyota dynasty 10903: 10902: 10899: 10808: 10807: 10804: 10745: 10742: 10735:Anarta tradition 10731: 10730: 10727: 10695:Mehrgarh culture 10685:Bhirrana culture 10681: 10680: 10677: 10676:(10,800–3300 BC) 10643: 10642: 10639: 10629: 10628: 10616: 10602: 10601: 10592: 10585: 10578: 10552:Military History 10507:Literary History 10477:Economic History 10461:Related articles 10441:, 1947 – 1950 CE 10416:, 1857 – 1858 CE 10351:, 1526 – 1540 CE 10330:, 1342 – 1576 CE 10328:Bengal Sultanate 10324:, 1336 – 1646 CE 10318:, 1251 – 1618 CE 10219:Karakota Dynasty 10213:Harsha's Dynasty 10207:Chalukya Dynasty 10099:Haryanka Dynasty 10076:Rise of Buddhism 9967:, c. 500,000 BCE 9927: 9909: 9908: 9899: 9892: 9885: 9834:Pemmasani Nayaks 9819:Kakatiya dynasty 9708: 9681: 9680: 9669: 9668: 9659: 9644: 9617: 9594:Alcock, Susan E. 9584: 9563: 9542: 9521: 9500: 9479: 9465: 9444: 9423: 9405: 9393: 9382: 9371: 9354:(1/4): 121–142. 9342: 9325: 9304: 9287:(3/4): 237–287. 9275: 9254: 9233: 9204: 9183: 9174:(1/4): 133–140. 9159: 9137: 9102: 9096: 9090: 9087: 9081: 9080: 9078: 9076: 9061: 9052: 9051: 9049: 9047: 9033: 9027: 9026: 9013: 9007: 9006: 8996: 8990: 8984: 8978: 8977: 8967: 8961: 8955: 8946: 8940: 8934: 8928: 8922: 8916: 8910: 8904: 8898: 8897: 8877: 8871: 8865: 8859: 8852: 8846: 8840: 8834: 8828: 8822: 8821: 8801: 8795: 8794: 8772: 8766: 8765: 8755: 8731: 8725: 8719: 8713: 8712: 8696: 8686: 8680: 8679: 8669: 8663: 8662: 8653: 8647: 8646: 8636: 8625: 8624: 8604: 8589: 8583: 8570: 8564: 8558: 8557: 8529: 8523: 8517: 8511: 8505: 8496: 8490: 8484: 8478: 8472: 8466: 8457: 8456: 8446: 8437: 8431: 8425: 8419: 8408: 8402: 8391: 8385: 8379: 8378: 8358: 8352: 8346: 8335: 8329: 8323: 8322: 8305:(1/4): 319–329. 8290: 8284: 8278: 8272: 8266: 8251: 8250: 8240: 8222: 8198: 8192: 8191: 8171: 8165: 8164: 8145: 8139: 8138: 8118: 8112: 8111: 8102: 8096: 8090: 8084: 8081: 8075: 8072: 8066: 8060:Pandavleni Caves 8052: 8046: 8040: 8031: 8028: 8022: 8019: 8013: 8010: 8001: 8000: 7980: 7971: 7970: 7960: 7954: 7948: 7939: 7933: 7924: 7923: 7911: 7905: 7899: 7893: 7887: 7881: 7875: 7869: 7868: 7848: 7842: 7841: 7822: 7816: 7815: 7799: 7789: 7783: 7777: 7771: 7770: 7755: 7749: 7743: 7737: 7731: 7725: 7719: 7692: 7686: 7677: 7676: 7659: 7653: 7652: 7642: 7633: 7627: 7621: 7615: 7609: 7598: 7592: 7586: 7585: 7565: 7559: 7553: 7544: 7538: 7532: 7531: 7511: 7505: 7499: 7493: 7492: 7472: 7466: 7465: 7445: 7439: 7438: 7428: 7422: 7421: 7401: 7392: 7391: 7373: 7367: 7366: 7353: 7347: 7346: 7326: 7320: 7314: 7308: 7301: 7295: 7289: 7283: 7279: 7270: 7267: 7258: 7252: 7243: 7237: 7231: 7225: 7219: 7213: 7198: 7192: 7186: 7180: 7174: 7168: 7162: 7161: 7141: 7135: 7134: 7114: 7108: 7102: 7091: 7085: 7079: 7073: 7056: 7049: 7040: 7034: 7028: 7022: 7013: 7007: 6998: 6997: 6977: 6971: 6965: 6954: 6953: 6943: 6937: 6936: 6925: 6919: 6912: 6906: 6905: 6893: 6887: 6886: 6883:Tamil literature 6878: 6872: 6871: 6863: 6857: 6851: 6840: 6834: 6828: 6822: 6779: 6773: 6767: 6761: 6755: 6754: 6737: 6728: 6727: 6725: 6723: 6717:www.cngcoins.com 6709: 6703: 6697: 6678: 6677: 6667: 6656: 6655: 6653: 6651: 6636: 6630: 6629: 6627: 6625: 6619:academic.oup.com 6611: 6605: 6599: 6588: 6582: 6573: 6572: 6552: 6516:History of India 6385: 6383: 6367: 6365: 6349: 6347: 6340:Vijaya Satakarni 6331: 6329: 6298: 6296: 6278: 6276: 6269:aka Pulumavi III 6257: 6255: 6237: 6235: 6217: 6215: 6199: 6197: 6181: 6179: 6163: 6161: 6145: 6143: 6125: 6123: 6107: 6105: 6078: 6076: 6060: 6058: 6042: 6040: 6024: 6022: 6006: 6004: 5988: 5986: 5970: 5968: 5952: 5950: 5932: 5930: 5914: 5912: 5896: 5894: 5875: 5873: 5855: 5853: 5827: 5823: 5806:), Pulomarchis ( 5520:(Vashishtiputra) 5501:), Gotamīputra ( 4545: 4541: 4504:R. G. Bhandarkar 4408:until c. 200 CE 4211: 4207: 4151: 4133: 4121: 4106: 4063:Art of Amaravati 4056:Chhadanta Jataka 3997:Ashmolean Museum 3983:Royal earrings, 3943: 3942:Gāthā Saptashatī 3896:Pandavleni Caves 3875: 3873: 3862: 3847: 3823: 3731: 3718:(more closer to 3694: 3652: 3641: 3471:Pandavleni Caves 3429:Vedic sacrifices 3309: 3298: 3292: 3239: 3167:M. K. Dhavalikar 3120:Huvina Hipparagi 3087:Huvina Hipparagi 3069:in the north to 3011: 3009: 3002: 3000: 2991: 2989: 2980: 2978: 2971: 2969: 2960: 2958: 2949: 2947: 2938: 2936: 2925: 2923: 2912: 2910: 2903: 2901: 2894: 2892: 2883: 2881: 2874: 2872: 2861: 2859: 2852: 2850: 2839: 2837: 2830: 2828: 2817: 2815: 2808: 2806: 2797: 2795: 2786: 2784: 2775: 2773: 2762: 2760: 2751: 2749: 2742: 2740: 2731: 2729: 2723: 2691:Andhra Ikshvakus 2652: 2649: 2565:D. R. Bhandarkar 2559: 2504:Coromandel Coast 2489: 2482:Pandavleni Caves 2400: 2396: 2393: 2376: 2340:restruck by the 2254: 2242: 2223: 2208: 2193: 2181: 2166: 2154: 2139: 2127: 2115: 2105: 2089: 2004:Vedic sacrifices 1947: 1943: 1939: 1922: 1902: 1880: 1852: 1802:Brahmanda Purana 1750: 1748: 1741: 1739: 1732: 1730: 1723: 1721: 1714: 1712: 1705: 1703: 1696: 1694: 1687: 1685: 1678: 1676: 1669: 1667: 1658: 1656: 1647: 1645: 1638: 1636: 1629: 1627: 1620: 1618: 1611: 1609: 1602: 1600: 1593: 1591: 1582: 1580: 1573: 1571: 1561: 1512:R. G. Bhandarkar 1409:Bellary district 1405:V. S. Sukthankar 1337: 1331: 1315: 1293: 1242:Pandavleni Caves 1227:Kurnool district 1136:Kathasaritsagara 1032: 1018: 1009: 993: 987: 977: 963: 959: 954: 948: 789: 771: 770: 767: 766: 763: 760: 757: 754: 751: 748: 745: 742: 739: 736: 733: 711: 704: 697: 564: 563: 558: 553:Satavahana kings 549: 548: 525: 524: 511: 510: 497: 496: 489:Vakataka dynasty 483: 482: 469: 468: 455: 454: 443: 442: 430: 429: 416: 415: 409: 408: 393: 392: 383: 380: 368: 365: 233: 231: 226: 219: 217: 210: 208: 201: 199: 190: 188: 181: 179: 170: 168: 161: 159: 150: 148: 141: 139: 130: 128: 119: 117: 110: 108: 99: 97: 88: 82: 69: 66: 62: 59: 51: 50: 43: 42: 32: 31: 21: 13744: 13743: 13739: 13738: 13737: 13735: 13734: 13733: 13689: 13688: 13687: 13682: 13681: 13676: 13667: 13666: 13665: 13615: 13610: 13606: 13601: 13597: 13592: 13588: 13583: 13579: 13574: 13570: 13565: 13561: 13556: 13552: 13547: 13543: 13533: 13522: 13518: 13516:Medieval Cholas 13514: 13510: 13501: 13476: 13474:Medieval Cholas 13472: 13470:Pandyan kingdom 13468: 13464: 13439: 13437:Pandyan kingdom 13435: 13407: 13403: 13399: 13380: 13357: 13351:Advaita Vedanta 13349: 13333: 13329: 13325: 13302: 13289: 13285: 13259: 13257:Kadamba Dynasty 13255: 13251: 13242: 13221: 13217: 13189:Western Satraps 13151:Kuninda Kingdom 13143: 13122: 13118: 13114: 13110: 13108: 13102: 13093: 13070: 13042: 13022: 13018: 13014: 13010: 13008: 13002: 12939:Greek conquests 12872: 12868: 12794: 12788: 12776: 12770: 12724: 12696: 12691: 12676: 12671: 12637: 12608: 12607: 12606: 12501: 12493: 12492: 12491: 12391: 12383: 12382: 12381: 12336: 12328: 12327: 12322: 12321: 12255: 12252: 12250:Colonial states 12242: 12241: 12132:Madurai Kingdom 12105: 12102: 12092: 12091: 12040:Bidar Sultanate 12029:Berar sultanate 11997:Ladakh Kingdom 11987:Gajapati Empire 11967:Garhwal Kingdom 11852:Delhi Sultanate 11825: 11822: 11812: 11811: 11803: 11799: 11781:Chutiya Kingdom 11751:Zamorin Kingdom 11542: 11538: 11530:Maukhari Empire 11520:Chalukya Empire 11511: 11473:Maitraka Empire 11414: 11410: 11393: 11389: 11381:Vakataka Empire 11361:Sasanian Empire 11312: 11255: 11251: 11233:Kuninda Kingdom 11216: 11213: 11211:Middle Kingdoms 11203: 11202: 11193:Parthian Empire 11184: 11180: 11163: 11146: 11129: 11112: 11095: 11091: 11006: 10989: 10900: 10897: 10887: 10886: 10805: 10802: 10792: 10791: 10743: 10728: 10725: 10715: 10714: 10705:Edakkal culture 10678: 10675: 10665: 10664: 10656:Soanian culture 10640: 10637: 10626: 10596: 10567: 10566: 10532:Coinage History 10522:Musical History 10462: 10454: 10453: 10452: 10408: 10400: 10399: 10398: 10343: 10335: 10334: 10333: 10283:Delhi Sultanate 10277: 10267: 10266: 10265: 10201: 10191: 10190: 10189: 10149:, 322 – 185 BCE 10136: 10126: 10125: 10124: 10113:, 345 – 322 BCE 10030: 10018: 10010: 10009: 10008: 10003:3000 – 1000 BCE 9997:7000 – 2600 BCE 9979:7570 – 6200 BCE 9954: 9925: 9918: 9903: 9874: 9873: 9864:Hyderabad State 9849:Gajapati Empire 9829:Recherla Nayaks 9824:Musunuri Nayaks 9814:Velanati Chodas 9789:Pallava dynasty 9769:Andhra Ikshvaku 9754: 9741: 9723: 9674: 9652: 9647: 9642: 9614: 9581: 9560: 9539: 9518: 9497: 9462: 9441: 9421: 9402: 9322: 9272: 9201: 9156: 9134: 9111: 9106: 9105: 9097: 9093: 9088: 9084: 9074: 9072: 9062: 9055: 9045: 9043: 9035: 9034: 9030: 9014: 9010: 8997: 8993: 8987:Dhavalikar 1996 8985: 8981: 8968: 8964: 8958:Dhavalikar 1996 8956: 8949: 8941: 8937: 8929: 8925: 8919:Dhavalikar 2004 8917: 8913: 8907:Dhavalikar 2004 8905: 8901: 8894: 8878: 8874: 8868:Dhavalikar 2004 8866: 8862: 8856:Dhavalikar 2004 8853: 8849: 8843:Dhavalikar 2004 8841: 8837: 8831:Dhavalikar 2004 8829: 8825: 8818: 8802: 8798: 8791: 8773: 8769: 8746:(11): 281–288. 8732: 8728: 8720: 8716: 8709: 8687: 8683: 8670: 8666: 8655: 8654: 8650: 8639: 8637: 8628: 8621: 8605: 8592: 8584: 8573: 8565: 8561: 8546: 8530: 8526: 8518: 8514: 8506: 8499: 8491: 8487: 8479: 8475: 8467: 8460: 8447: 8440: 8432: 8428: 8420: 8411: 8403: 8394: 8386: 8382: 8375: 8359: 8355: 8347: 8338: 8332:Dhavalikar 2004 8330: 8326: 8291: 8287: 8279: 8275: 8267: 8254: 8213:(7): Figure 1. 8199: 8195: 8188: 8172: 8168: 8161: 8147: 8146: 8142: 8135: 8119: 8115: 8103: 8099: 8091: 8087: 8082: 8078: 8073: 8069: 8053: 8049: 8041: 8034: 8029: 8025: 8020: 8016: 8011: 8004: 7997: 7981: 7974: 7961: 7957: 7949: 7942: 7934: 7927: 7912: 7908: 7902:Dhavalikar 2004 7900: 7896: 7888: 7884: 7876: 7872: 7865: 7849: 7845: 7838: 7824: 7823: 7819: 7812: 7790: 7786: 7778: 7774: 7756: 7752: 7744: 7740: 7732: 7728: 7720: 7695: 7687: 7680: 7660: 7656: 7640: 7634: 7630: 7622: 7618: 7610: 7601: 7593: 7589: 7582: 7566: 7562: 7556:Dhavalikar 1996 7554: 7547: 7539: 7535: 7528: 7512: 7508: 7500: 7496: 7473: 7469: 7446: 7442: 7429: 7425: 7402: 7395: 7374: 7370: 7354: 7350: 7343: 7327: 7323: 7315: 7311: 7302: 7298: 7290: 7286: 7280: 7273: 7268: 7261: 7253: 7246: 7238: 7234: 7226: 7222: 7214: 7201: 7193: 7189: 7181: 7177: 7169: 7165: 7158: 7142: 7138: 7131: 7115: 7111: 7103: 7094: 7086: 7082: 7074: 7059: 7050: 7043: 7035: 7031: 7023: 7016: 7008: 7001: 6994: 6978: 6974: 6966: 6957: 6946: 6944: 6940: 6926: 6922: 6913: 6909: 6895: 6894: 6890: 6879: 6875: 6864: 6860: 6852: 6843: 6835: 6831: 6823: 6782: 6774: 6770: 6762: 6758: 6752: 6738: 6731: 6721: 6719: 6711: 6710: 6706: 6698: 6681: 6668: 6659: 6649: 6647: 6637: 6633: 6623: 6621: 6613: 6612: 6608: 6600: 6591: 6583: 6576: 6569: 6553: 6549: 6544: 6539: 6507: 6461:(ca. 88–42 BCE) 6445: 6408: 6395: 6380: 6362: 6344: 6326: 6293: 6273: 6252: 6232: 6212: 6194: 6176: 6158: 6140: 6120: 6102: 6073: 6055: 6037: 6019: 6001: 5983: 5965: 5947: 5927: 5909: 5891: 5870: 5850: 5819: 5202:), Nemi Kṛṣṇa ( 5198:Gorakśāśvaśri ( 4531:Kumarika Khanda 4480: 4471:3rd century CE 4460:3rd century CE 4449:3rd century CE 4438:3rd century CE 4427:3rd century CE 4233:before 100 BCE 4200: 4170: 4163: 4160:Amaravati Stupa 4152: 4143: 4141:Amaravati style 4134: 4125: 4122: 4113: 4107: 4095:Amaravati style 4071: 4069:Amaravati Stupa 4065: 4041: 4025:Buddhist stupas 4021:Amaravati style 4017:Amaravati Stupa 4013: 3977: 3964:) to and fro." 3954: 3910:, circa 150 CE. 3884: 3877: 3870: 3867:Yajna Satakarni 3863: 3854: 3848: 3839: 3824: 3815: 3748: 3747: 3746: 3745: 3744: 3742: 3737: 3733: 3729: 3727: 3703: 3702: 3700: 3696: 3692: 3690: 3677: 3676: 3653: 3644: 3643: 3642: 3633: 3632: 3622: 3562:Inscription of 3556: 3499: 3401:Pompeii Lakshmi 3393: 3343: 3316:lady-in-waiting 3237: 3221: 3204:, Paithan, and 3134:), Modogoulla ( 3130:), Kalligeris ( 3126:), Sirimalaga ( 3122:), Soubouttou ( 3118:), Hippokoura ( 3025: 3024: 3023: 3022: 3019: 3013: 3012: 3007: 3005: 3003: 2998: 2996: 2994: 2992: 2987: 2985: 2983: 2981: 2976: 2974: 2972: 2967: 2965: 2963: 2961: 2956: 2954: 2952: 2950: 2945: 2943: 2941: 2939: 2930: 2928: 2926: 2917: 2915: 2913: 2908: 2906: 2904: 2899: 2897: 2895: 2888: 2886: 2884: 2879: 2877: 2875: 2869: 2866: 2864: 2862: 2857: 2855: 2853: 2844: 2842: 2840: 2835: 2833: 2831: 2822: 2820: 2818: 2813: 2811: 2809: 2802: 2800: 2798: 2791: 2789: 2787: 2780: 2778: 2776: 2767: 2765: 2763: 2756: 2754: 2752: 2747: 2745: 2743: 2738: 2736: 2734: 2732: 2727: 2725: 2715: 2675:, ruled by the 2650: 2639: 2608: 2560: 2557: 2516: 2490: 2475: 2449:Western Satraps 2398: 2394: 2374: 2330: 2308:, the northern 2295:, who composed 2289: 2283: 2281:Western Satraps 2277: 2266: 2255: 2246: 2243: 2234: 2224: 2215: 2209: 2200: 2194: 2185: 2182: 2173: 2170: 2167: 2158: 2157:Pillar capital. 2155: 2146: 2140: 2131: 2128: 2119: 2116: 2095: 2067: 1972: 1971: 1970: 1969: 1960: 1948: 1945: 1941: 1937: 1936: 1932: 1931: 1930: 1923: 1915: 1914: 1903: 1894: 1893: 1887: 1885:Early expansion 1881: 1878: 1869: 1865: 1853: 1850: 1843: 1837: 1764: 1763: 1762: 1761: 1758: 1752: 1751: 1746: 1744: 1742: 1737: 1735: 1733: 1728: 1726: 1724: 1719: 1717: 1715: 1710: 1708: 1706: 1701: 1699: 1697: 1692: 1690: 1688: 1683: 1681: 1679: 1674: 1672: 1670: 1665: 1663: 1661: 1659: 1654: 1652: 1650: 1648: 1643: 1641: 1639: 1634: 1632: 1630: 1625: 1623: 1621: 1616: 1614: 1612: 1607: 1605: 1603: 1598: 1596: 1594: 1589: 1587: 1585: 1583: 1578: 1576: 1574: 1568: 1565: 1563: 1553: 1541: 1450: 1438:Satavahaniratta 1430:Satakarnivisaya 1357: 1356: 1355: 1354: 1353: 1343: 1339: 1335: 1333: 1329: 1327: 1316: 1307: 1306: 1305: 1294: 1285: 1284: 1246:Nashik district 1148: 1082:horse sacrifice 1043:Hindu mythology 1016: 1007: 961: 947:(𑀲𑀺𑀭𑀺) 𑀲𑀸 946: 944: 933: 905: 874:Western Satraps 730: 726: 715: 556: 555: 522: 508: 503:Pallava dynasty 494: 480: 466: 461:Andhra Ikshvaku 452: 427: 413: 381: 375: 366: 360: 348:Classical India 332: 319: 287: 273: 268: 254: 243: 242: 238: 237: 236: 235: 234: 229: 224: 222: 220: 215: 213: 211: 206: 204: 202: 197: 195: 193: 191: 186: 184: 182: 177: 175: 173: 171: 166: 164: 162: 157: 155: 153: 151: 146: 144: 142: 137: 135: 133: 131: 126: 124: 122: 120: 115: 113: 111: 106: 104: 102: 100: 95: 93: 91: 89: 67: 60: 52: 45: 44: 37: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 13742: 13732: 13731: 13726: 13721: 13716: 13711: 13706: 13701: 13684: 13683: 13678: 13677: 13673: 13672: 13669: 13668: 13664: 13663: 13654: 13645: 13631: 13621: 13614: 13613: 13604: 13595: 13586: 13577: 13568: 13559: 13550: 13540: 13534: 13531: 13530: 13527: 13526: 13505: 13496: 13494: 13492: 13487: 13481: 13480: 13459: 13457: 13452: 13450: 13444: 13443: 13430: 13425: 13423: 13418: 13412: 13411: 13394: 13389: 13384: 13375: 13373: 13371:Indo-Sassanids 13368: 13362: 13361: 13343: 13335: 13334: 13320: 13315: 13313: 13308: 13306: 13297: 13291: 13290: 13280: 13275: 13270: 13264: 13263: 13246: 13244:Varman dynasty 13235: 13230: 13224: 13223: 13211: 13203: 13202: 13197: 13191: 13186: 13181: 13176: 13170: 13169: 13164: 13158: 13157: 13155: 13153: 13148: 13145:Indo-Parthians 13141:Indo-Scythians 13137: 13131: 13130: 13124: 13123: 13097: 13088: 13083: 13077: 13076: 13074: 13032: 13024: 13023: 12997: 12990: 12984: 12983: 12981: 12976: 12969: 12961: 12960: 12957:HISTORICAL AGE 12952: 12951: 12949: 12942: 12935: 12929: 12928: 12923: 12918: 12916: 12911: 12909: 12902: 12896: 12895: 12888: 12859: 12852: 12844: 12843: 12838: 12833: 12831: 12826: 12817: 12812: 12806: 12805: 12798: 12780: 12762: 12754: 12746: 12745: 12737: 12736: 12733: 12730: 12720: 12719: 12717:Southern India 12714: 12713:Central India 12711: 12706: 12693: 12681: 12678: 12677: 12670: 12669: 12662: 12655: 12647: 12639: 12638: 12636: 12635: 12628: 12621: 12613: 12610: 12609: 12605: 12604: 12599: 12594: 12589: 12584: 12579: 12574: 12569: 12564: 12559: 12554: 12549: 12544: 12539: 12534: 12529: 12524: 12519: 12514: 12509: 12503: 12502: 12499: 12498: 12495: 12494: 12490: 12489: 12484: 12479: 12474: 12469: 12464: 12459: 12454: 12449: 12444: 12439: 12434: 12429: 12424: 12419: 12414: 12409: 12404: 12399: 12393: 12392: 12389: 12388: 12385: 12384: 12380: 12379: 12374: 12369: 12364: 12359: 12354: 12349: 12344: 12338: 12337: 12334: 12333: 12330: 12329: 12324: 12323: 12318: 12317: 12314: 12308: 12307: 12304: 12298: 12297: 12294: 12288: 12287: 12284: 12278: 12277: 12274: 12268: 12267: 12264: 12256: 12248: 12247: 12244: 12243: 12238: 12237: 12234: 12228: 12227: 12224: 12218: 12217: 12214: 12208: 12207: 12204: 12202:Maratha Empire 12198: 12197: 12194: 12188: 12187: 12184: 12182:Sikkim Kingdom 12178: 12177: 12174: 12172:Marava Kingdom 12168: 12167: 12164: 12158: 12157: 12154: 12148: 12147: 12144: 12138: 12137: 12134: 12128: 12127: 12124: 12118: 12117: 12114: 12106: 12098: 12097: 12094: 12093: 12088: 12087: 12084: 12078: 12077: 12074: 12072:Keladi Kingdom 12068: 12067: 12064: 12057: 12056: 12053: 12046: 12045: 12042: 12035: 12034: 12031: 12024: 12023: 12020: 12013: 12012: 12009: 12003: 12002: 11999: 11993: 11992: 11989: 11983: 11982: 11979: 11977:Mysore Kingdom 11973: 11972: 11969: 11963: 11962: 11959: 11953: 11952: 11949: 11943: 11942: 11939: 11933: 11932: 11929: 11923: 11922: 11919: 11913: 11912: 11909: 11907:Lodi Sultanate 11902: 11901: 11898: 11891: 11890: 11887: 11880: 11879: 11876: 11869: 11868: 11865: 11858: 11857: 11854: 11848: 11847: 11844: 11842:Ghurid Dynasty 11838: 11837: 11834: 11826: 11818: 11817: 11814: 11813: 11808: 11807: 11793: 11787: 11786: 11783: 11777: 11776: 11773: 11767: 11766: 11763: 11757: 11756: 11753: 11747: 11746: 11743: 11737: 11736: 11733: 11727: 11726: 11723: 11717: 11716: 11713: 11711:Hoysala Empire 11707: 11706: 11703: 11701:Lohara Kingdom 11697: 11696: 11693: 11687: 11686: 11683: 11677: 11676: 11673: 11667: 11666: 11663: 11657: 11656: 11653: 11647: 11646: 11643: 11637: 11636: 11633: 11627: 11626: 11623: 11617: 11616: 11613: 11607: 11606: 11603: 11597: 11596: 11593: 11587: 11586: 11583: 11577: 11576: 11573: 11567: 11566: 11563: 11561:Tibetan Empire 11557: 11556: 11553: 11547: 11546: 11532: 11526: 11525: 11522: 11516: 11515: 11505: 11499: 11498: 11495: 11489: 11488: 11485: 11479: 11478: 11475: 11469: 11468: 11465: 11459: 11458: 11455: 11449: 11448: 11445: 11439: 11438: 11435: 11433:Kadamba Empire 11429: 11428: 11425: 11419: 11418: 11404: 11398: 11397: 11383: 11377: 11376: 11373: 11367: 11366: 11363: 11357: 11356: 11353: 11347: 11346: 11343: 11337: 11336: 11333: 11327: 11326: 11323: 11317: 11316: 11306: 11300: 11299: 11296: 11290: 11289: 11286: 11280: 11279: 11276: 11270: 11269: 11266: 11260: 11259: 11245: 11239: 11238: 11235: 11229: 11228: 11225: 11217: 11209: 11208: 11205: 11204: 11199: 11198: 11195: 11189: 11188: 11174: 11168: 11167: 11157: 11155:Pallava Empire 11151: 11150: 11140: 11134: 11133: 11123: 11117: 11116: 11106: 11100: 11099: 11085: 11079: 11078: 11075: 11073:Seleucid India 11069: 11068: 11065: 11059: 11058: 11055: 11049: 11048: 11045: 11039: 11038: 11035: 11029: 11028: 11025: 11021: 11020: 11017: 11011: 11010: 11000: 10998:Maha Janapadas 10994: 10993: 10983: 10977: 10976: 10973: 10967: 10966: 10963: 10957: 10956: 10953: 10946: 10945: 10942: 10935: 10934: 10933:(1300–1000 BC) 10931: 10924: 10923: 10920: 10913: 10912: 10909: 10901: 10893: 10892: 10889: 10888: 10883: 10882: 10879: 10872: 10871: 10870:(2000–1600 BC) 10868: 10861: 10860: 10857: 10851: 10850: 10849:(1900–1300 BC) 10847: 10840: 10839: 10838:(2600–1900 BC) 10836: 10829: 10828: 10827:(3300–2600 BC) 10825: 10818: 10817: 10816:(3300–1300 BC) 10814: 10806: 10803:(3300–1300 BC) 10798: 10797: 10794: 10793: 10788: 10787: 10784: 10778: 10777: 10776:(1600–1300 BC) 10774: 10768: 10767: 10764: 10758: 10757: 10756:(3000–1500 BC) 10754: 10748: 10747: 10737: 10729: 10726:(3500–1500 BC) 10721: 10720: 10717: 10716: 10711: 10710: 10709:(5000–3000 BC) 10707: 10701: 10700: 10699:(7000–3300 BC) 10697: 10691: 10690: 10689:(7570–6200 BC) 10687: 10679: 10671: 10670: 10667: 10666: 10661: 10660: 10658: 10652: 10651: 10649: 10641: 10633: 10632: 10627: 10622: 10621: 10618: 10617: 10609: 10608: 10598: 10597: 10595: 10594: 10587: 10580: 10572: 10569: 10568: 10565: 10564: 10559: 10554: 10549: 10544: 10539: 10534: 10529: 10524: 10519: 10514: 10509: 10504: 10499: 10494: 10489: 10484: 10479: 10474: 10469: 10463: 10460: 10459: 10456: 10455: 10451: 10450: 10449: 10448: 10442: 10430: 10429: 10428: 10417: 10410: 10409: 10406: 10405: 10402: 10401: 10397: 10396: 10390: 10384: 10378: 10375:Maratha Empire 10372: 10371: 10370: 10361:Mughal Dynasty 10358: 10352: 10349:Mughal Dynasty 10345: 10344: 10341: 10340: 10337: 10336: 10332: 10331: 10325: 10319: 10316:Pandyan Empire 10313: 10312: 10311: 10306: 10304:Sayyid Dynasty 10301: 10299:Tugluq Dynasty 10296: 10294:Khalji Dynasty 10291: 10289:Mamluk Dynasty 10279: 10278: 10273: 10272: 10269: 10268: 10264: 10263: 10257: 10251: 10250: 10249: 10244: 10239: 10228: 10222: 10216: 10210: 10209:, 543 – 753 CE 10203: 10202: 10199:Early medieval 10197: 10196: 10193: 10192: 10188: 10187: 10181: 10175: 10172:Kushan Dynasty 10169: 10164: 10163: 10162: 10156: 10155:, 185 – 73 BCE 10153:Shunga Dynasty 10150: 10147:Maurya Dynasty 10138: 10137: 10132: 10131: 10128: 10127: 10123: 10122: 10116: 10115: 10114: 10108: 10102: 10096: 10084: 10083: 10082: 10081: 10080: 10079: 10078: 10073: 10068: 10058: 10057: 10056: 10046: 10034: 10026: 10019: 10016: 10015: 10012: 10011: 10007: 10006: 10005: 10004: 9998: 9992: 9986: 9980: 9968: 9962: 9956: 9955: 9952: 9951: 9948: 9947: 9941: 9940: 9930: 9929: 9920: 9919: 9912: 9905: 9904: 9902: 9901: 9894: 9887: 9879: 9876: 9875: 9872: 9871: 9866: 9861: 9856: 9851: 9846: 9841: 9836: 9831: 9826: 9821: 9816: 9811: 9806: 9801: 9796: 9791: 9786: 9784:Vishnukundinas 9781: 9776: 9774:Ananda Gotrika 9771: 9766: 9761: 9755: 9752: 9751: 9748: 9747: 9743: 9742: 9740: 9739: 9734: 9728: 9725: 9724: 9716:Andhra Pradesh 9709: 9701: 9700: 9694:Andhra Pradesh 9690: 9689: 9679: 9676: 9675: 9666: 9665: 9651: 9650:External links 9648: 9646: 9645: 9640: 9622:Thapar, Romila 9618: 9612: 9585: 9579: 9564: 9558: 9543: 9537: 9522: 9516: 9501: 9495: 9480: 9466: 9460: 9445: 9439: 9424: 9419: 9406: 9400: 9383: 9372: 9343: 9326: 9320: 9305: 9276: 9270: 9255: 9234: 9216:(2): 197–206. 9205: 9199: 9184: 9160: 9154: 9146:Satavahana Art 9138: 9132: 9112: 9110: 9107: 9104: 9103: 9091: 9082: 9053: 9028: 9008: 8991: 8989:, p. 139. 8979: 8962: 8960:, p. 134. 8947: 8935: 8923: 8911: 8899: 8892: 8872: 8860: 8847: 8835: 8823: 8816: 8796: 8789: 8767: 8726: 8714: 8707: 8681: 8664: 8648: 8626: 8619: 8590: 8588:, p. 163. 8571: 8559: 8544: 8524: 8512: 8497: 8485: 8483:, p. 175. 8473: 8471:, p. 178. 8458: 8438: 8436:, p. 177. 8426: 8424:, p. 173. 8409: 8407:, p. 176. 8392: 8390:, p. 333. 8380: 8373: 8353: 8351:, p. 171. 8336: 8324: 8285: 8283:, p. 439. 8273: 8271:, p. 170. 8252: 8193: 8186: 8166: 8159: 8140: 8133: 8113: 8097: 8085: 8076: 8067: 8047: 8045:, p. 189. 8032: 8023: 8014: 8002: 7995: 7972: 7955: 7940: 7925: 7916:Marshall, John 7906: 7894: 7882: 7870: 7863: 7843: 7836: 7827:Indian History 7817: 7810: 7784: 7772: 7750: 7738: 7736:, p. 382. 7726: 7724:, p. 299. 7693: 7678: 7654: 7651:: 540, note 7. 7628: 7626:, p. 296. 7616: 7599: 7587: 7580: 7560: 7558:, p. 133. 7545: 7533: 7526: 7506: 7494: 7467: 7440: 7423: 7393: 7368: 7348: 7341: 7321: 7309: 7296: 7284: 7271: 7259: 7257:, p. 194. 7244: 7242:, p. 172. 7232: 7220: 7199: 7187: 7175: 7163: 7157:978-9004185258 7156: 7136: 7129: 7109: 7092: 7080: 7078:, p. 169. 7057: 7041: 7029: 7027:, p. 306. 7014: 6999: 6992: 6972: 6970:, p. 167. 6955: 6938: 6920: 6907: 6888: 6873: 6870:. p. 118. 6858: 6856:, p. 166. 6841: 6839:, p. 243. 6829: 6780: 6768: 6756: 6750: 6729: 6704: 6702:, p. 168. 6679: 6657: 6631: 6606: 6604:, p. 172. 6589: 6574: 6567: 6546: 6545: 6543: 6540: 6538: 6535: 6534: 6533: 6528: 6523: 6518: 6513: 6506: 6503: 6502: 6501: 6498: 6495: 6492: 6489: 6486: 6483: 6480: 6477: 6474: 6471: 6468: 6465: 6462: 6455: 6452: 6444: 6441: 6440: 6439: 6436: 6433: 6430: 6427: 6424: 6421: 6418: 6415: 6407: 6404: 6394: 6391: 6388: 6387: 6377: 6374: 6370: 6369: 6359: 6356: 6352: 6351: 6341: 6338: 6334: 6333: 6323: 6318: 6314: 6313: 6310: 6305: 6301: 6300: 6290: 6285: 6281: 6280: 6270: 6264: 6260: 6259: 6249: 6244: 6240: 6239: 6229: 6224: 6220: 6219: 6209: 6206: 6202: 6201: 6191: 6188: 6184: 6183: 6173: 6170: 6166: 6165: 6155: 6152: 6148: 6147: 6137: 6132: 6128: 6127: 6117: 6114: 6110: 6109: 6099: 6096: 6092: 6091: 6088: 6085: 6081: 6080: 6070: 6067: 6063: 6062: 6052: 6049: 6045: 6044: 6034: 6031: 6027: 6026: 6016: 6013: 6009: 6008: 5998: 5995: 5991: 5990: 5980: 5977: 5973: 5972: 5962: 5959: 5955: 5954: 5944: 5939: 5935: 5934: 5924: 5923:Skandhastambhi 5921: 5917: 5916: 5906: 5903: 5899: 5898: 5888: 5882: 5878: 5877: 5867: 5862: 5858: 5857: 5847: 5842: 5838: 5837: 5834: 5831: 5818: 5817:List of rulers 5815: 5812: 5811: 5802:), Pulomavit ( 5796: 5793: 5790: 5787: 5784: 5781: 5778: 5775: 5772: 5769: 5765: 5764: 5747:Candravijaya ( 5745: 5742: 5739: 5736: 5733: 5730: 5727: 5724: 5721: 5718: 5714: 5713: 5711: 5708: 5705: 5702: 5699: 5697: 5694: 5691: 5688: 5685: 5681: 5680: 5669: 5666: 5663: 5660: 5657: 5654: 5651: 5648: 5645: 5640: 5636: 5635: 5633: 5630: 5627: 5625: 5622: 5619: 5616: 5613: 5610: 5605: 5601: 5600: 5593: 5590: 5587: 5585: 5582: 5579: 5576: 5573: 5570: 5567: 5563: 5562: 5543: 5540: 5537: 5535: 5532: 5530: 5527: 5524: 5521: 5515: 5511: 5510: 5495: 5492: 5489: 5486: 5483: 5480: 5477: 5474: 5471: 5466: 5462: 5461: 5456:), Śivasvāmi ( 5450: 5447: 5444: 5441: 5438: 5435: 5432: 5430: 5428: 5425: 5421: 5420: 5418: 5415: 5412: 5409: 5406: 5403: 5400: 5398: 5396: 5393: 5389: 5388: 5383:), Sunandana ( 5377: 5374: 5371: 5368: 5365: 5362: 5359: 5357: 5355: 5352: 5348: 5347: 5328: 5325: 5322: 5319: 5316: 5313: 5310: 5308: 5306: 5303: 5299: 5298: 5289:), Pattalaka ( 5279: 5276: 5273: 5270: 5267: 5264: 5261: 5259: 5257: 5254: 5250: 5249: 5242: 5239: 5236: 5233: 5230: 5228: 5225: 5223: 5221: 5216: 5212: 5211: 5196: 5193: 5190: 5187: 5184: 5182: 5179: 5177: 5175: 5172: 5168: 5167: 5145: 5142: 5139: 5136: 5133: 5131: 5128: 5126: 5123: 5120: 5116: 5115: 5113: 5110: 5108: 5106: 5103: 5100: 5098: 5096: 5094: 5091: 5087: 5086: 5084: 5081: 5079: 5077: 5074: 5071: 5069: 5067: 5065: 5062: 5058: 5057: 5050: 5047: 5045: 5043: 5040: 5037: 5035: 5033: 5031: 5028: 5024: 5023: 5016: 5013: 5011: 5009: 5006: 5003: 5001: 4999: 4997: 4994: 4990: 4989: 4987: 4984: 4981: 4979: 4976: 4973: 4970: 4968: 4966: 4963: 4959: 4958: 4951: 4948: 4945: 4943: 4940: 4937: 4934: 4932: 4929: 4926: 4922: 4921: 4906: 4903: 4900: 4897: 4894: 4891: 4888: 4886: 4883: 4880: 4876: 4875: 4873: 4870: 4867: 4865: 4862: 4859: 4856: 4854: 4852: 4849: 4845: 4844: 4842: 4839: 4836: 4833: 4830: 4827: 4824: 4821: 4818: 4813: 4809: 4808: 4801: 4798: 4796: 4794: 4791: 4788: 4786: 4784: 4782: 4779: 4775: 4774: 4767: 4764: 4761: 4759: 4756: 4753: 4750: 4748: 4746: 4743: 4739: 4738: 4723: 4720: 4717: 4714: 4711: 4708: 4705: 4702: 4699: 4694: 4690: 4689: 4687: 4684: 4681: 4678: 4675: 4672: 4669: 4666: 4663: 4657: 4653: 4652: 4647:), Chhismaka ( 4633: 4630: 4627: 4624: 4621: 4618: 4615: 4612: 4609: 4604: 4600: 4599: 4596: 4595:Reign (years) 4593: 4586: 4579: 4572: 4565: 4558: 4555: 4552: 4549: 4479: 4476: 4473: 4472: 4469: 4466: 4462: 4461: 4458: 4455: 4451: 4450: 4447: 4444: 4440: 4439: 4436: 4433: 4429: 4428: 4425: 4422: 4418: 4417: 4410: 4409: 4406: 4403: 4399: 4398: 4397:c. 152–181 CE 4395: 4390: 4386: 4385: 4384:c. 145–152 CE 4382: 4377: 4373: 4372: 4371:c. 145–152 CE 4369: 4366: 4362: 4361: 4360:c. 138–145 CE 4358: 4353: 4349: 4348: 4347:c. 110–138 CE 4345: 4340: 4336: 4335: 4332: 4327: 4323: 4322: 4316: 4315: 4312: 4304: 4300: 4299: 4296: 4288: 4284: 4283: 4274: 4273: 4270: 4265: 4261: 4260: 4257: 4252: 4248: 4247: 4246:c. 100–70 BCE 4244: 4239: 4235: 4234: 4231: 4226: 4222: 4221: 4218: 4215: 4199: 4196: 4191: 4190: 4186: 4169: 4168:List of rulers 4166: 4165: 4164: 4153: 4146: 4144: 4135: 4128: 4126: 4123: 4116: 4114: 4108: 4101: 4087:Andhra Pradesh 4067:Main article: 4064: 4061: 4049:chaitya-grihas 4040: 4037: 4033:Nagarjunakonda 4019:and the wider 4012: 4009: 4001:British Museum 3985:Andhra Pradesh 3976: 3973: 3953: 3950: 3883: 3880: 3879: 3878: 3864: 3857: 3855: 3852:British Museum 3849: 3842: 3840: 3825: 3818: 3814: 3813:Other examples 3811: 3654: 3647: 3646: 3645: 3636: 3635: 3634: 3626: 3625: 3624: 3623: 3621: 3618: 3584:Nashik Cave 19 3555: 3552: 3528:vasanta-tilaka 3498: 3495: 3431:, and claimed 3409:Mount Vesuvius 3392: 3389: 3342: 3339: 3278: 3277: 3274: 3267: 3264: 3261: 3258: 3220: 3219:Administration 3217: 3079:M. Govinda Pai 3053:Madhya Pradesh 3033:Andhra Pradesh 3020: 3015: 3014: 2718: 2717: 2716: 2714: 2711: 2710: 2709: 2703: 2693: 2681:Eastern part ( 2679: 2677:Abhira dynasty 2669: 2655:Nagarjunakonda 2638: 2635: 2620:British Museum 2607: 2606:Second revival 2604: 2581:Charles Higham 2555: 2515: 2512: 2473: 2465:Indo-Parthians 2356:The defeated " 2329: 2326: 2306:Deccan Plateau 2279:Main article: 2276: 2273: 2270: 2269: 2268: 2267: 2256: 2249: 2247: 2244: 2237: 2235: 2225: 2218: 2216: 2210: 2203: 2201: 2195: 2188: 2186: 2183: 2176: 2172: 2171: 2168: 2161: 2159: 2156: 2149: 2147: 2141: 2134: 2132: 2129: 2122: 2120: 2117: 2110: 2106: 2098: 2097: 2066: 2063: 2048:Mauryan Empire 1966:Siri Satakarni 1958:Ānaṁdasa dānaṁ 1934: 1933: 1924: 1917: 1916: 1904: 1897: 1896: 1895: 1891: 1890: 1889: 1888: 1886: 1883: 1876: 1848: 1773:. The various 1759: 1754: 1753: 1556: 1555: 1554: 1552: 1549: 1540: 1537: 1521:works and the 1449: 1446: 1434:Satavahanihara 1393:Andhrabhrityas 1317: 1310: 1309: 1308: 1295: 1288: 1287: 1286: 1282: 1281: 1280: 1279: 1262:Madhya Pradesh 1196:Andhra Pradesh 1188:R.G Bhandarkar 1147: 1144: 1120:Cilappatikaram 1096:("horse") and 1076:("horse") and 1017:𑀲𑀸𑀢𑀯𑀸𑀳𑀦 1008:𑀲𑀸𑀤𑀯𑀸𑀳𑀦 939:Early coin of 932: 929: 917:Andhra Pradesh 904: 901: 864:. In the post- 845:(Paithan) and 835:Madhya Pradesh 819:Andhra Pradesh 808:ancient Indian 800:Andhra-jatiyas 796:Andhra-bhṛtyas 717: 716: 714: 713: 706: 699: 691: 688: 687: 684: 683: 680: 674: 673: 670: 664: 663: 660: 654: 653: 650: 644: 643: 640: 634: 633: 630: 624: 623: 620: 614: 613: 610: 604: 603: 600: 594: 593: 590: 584: 583: 574: 560: 559: 545: 544: 539: 535: 534: 531: 530: 527: 526: 519: 517:Abhira dynasty 513: 512: 505: 499: 498: 491: 485: 484: 477: 471: 470: 463: 457: 456: 449: 440: 437: 436: 431: 423: 422: 417: 405: 404: 399: 389: 388: 385: 384: 376: 373: 370: 369: 367: 228 BCE 361: 358: 355: 354: 351: 350: 345: 344:Historical era 341: 340: 337: 336: 333: 330: 327: 326: 320: 317: 314: 313: 310: 309: 306: 300: 299: 296: 292: 291: 282: 278: 277: 263: 259: 258: 249: 245: 244: 240: 239: 83: 77: 76: 75: 74: 71: 70: 61: 228 BCE 54: 53: 41:𑀲𑀸𑀢𑀯𑀸𑀳𑀦 38: 35: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 13741: 13730: 13727: 13725: 13722: 13720: 13717: 13715: 13712: 13710: 13707: 13705: 13702: 13700: 13697: 13696: 13694: 13660: 13655: 13651: 13646: 13642: 13641: 13636: 13632: 13628: 13623: 13622: 13620: 13619: 13608: 13599: 13590: 13581: 13572: 13563: 13554: 13545: 13541: 13539: 13538: 13528: 13525: 13521: 13517: 13513: 13509: 13506: 13504: 13500: 13497: 13495: 13493: 13491: 13488: 13486: 13483: 13482: 13479: 13475: 13471: 13467: 13463: 13460: 13458: 13456: 13453: 13451: 13449: 13446: 13445: 13442: 13438: 13434: 13431: 13429: 13424: 13422: 13417: 13414: 13413: 13410: 13406: 13402: 13398: 13395: 13393: 13388: 13385: 13383: 13379: 13376: 13374: 13372: 13367: 13364: 13363: 13360: 13356: 13352: 13347: 13342: 13341: 13337: 13336: 13332: 13328: 13324: 13323:Vishnukundina 13321: 13319: 13314: 13312: 13309: 13307: 13305: 13301: 13298: 13296: 13293: 13292: 13288: 13284: 13283:Vishnukundina 13281: 13279: 13274: 13269: 13266: 13265: 13262: 13258: 13254: 13250: 13247: 13245: 13241: 13240: 13234: 13231: 13229: 13226: 13225: 13220: 13215: 13210: 13209: 13205: 13204: 13201: 13198: 13195: 13192: 13190: 13187: 13185: 13184:Kushan Empire 13182: 13180: 13177: 13175: 13172: 13171: 13168: 13167:Kushan Empire 13163: 13160: 13159: 13156: 13154: 13152: 13149: 13147: 13146: 13142: 13136: 13133: 13132: 13129: 13126: 13125: 13121: 13117: 13113: 13107: 13106: 13105:Sangam period 13101: 13096: 13092: 13091:Shunga Empire 13087: 13082: 13079: 13078: 13075: 13073: 13069: 13065: 13064:Brahma Sutras 13061: 13060:Bhagavad Gita 13057: 13053: 13049: 13045: 13040: 13036: 13031: 13030: 13026: 13025: 13021: 13017: 13013: 13007: 13006: 13005:Sangam period 13001: 12998: 12996: 12995: 12994:Maurya Empire 12989: 12986: 12985: 12982: 12980: 12977: 12975: 12974: 12968: 12967: 12963: 12962: 12959: 12958: 12953: 12950: 12948: 12947: 12940: 12934: 12931: 12930: 12927: 12924: 12922: 12917: 12915: 12912: 12910: 12907: 12901: 12898: 12897: 12894: 12893: 12887: 12883: 12879: 12875: 12871: 12867: 12865: 12858: 12857: 12851: 12850: 12846: 12845: 12842: 12839: 12837: 12834: 12832: 12830: 12827: 12825: 12821: 12818: 12816: 12813: 12811: 12808: 12807: 12804: 12803: 12797: 12792: 12787: 12786: 12779: 12774: 12769: 12768: 12761: 12760: 12753: 12752: 12748: 12747: 12744: 12743: 12738: 12734: 12731: 12728: 12722: 12721: 12718: 12710: 12704: 12700: 12688: 12685: 12684: 12679: 12675: 12668: 12663: 12661: 12656: 12654: 12649: 12648: 12645: 12634: 12629: 12627: 12622: 12620: 12615: 12614: 12612: 12611: 12603: 12600: 12598: 12595: 12593: 12590: 12588: 12585: 12583: 12580: 12578: 12575: 12573: 12570: 12568: 12565: 12563: 12560: 12558: 12555: 12553: 12550: 12548: 12545: 12543: 12540: 12538: 12535: 12533: 12530: 12528: 12525: 12523: 12520: 12518: 12515: 12513: 12510: 12508: 12505: 12504: 12497: 12496: 12488: 12485: 12483: 12480: 12478: 12475: 12473: 12470: 12468: 12465: 12463: 12460: 12458: 12457:Uttar Pradesh 12455: 12453: 12450: 12448: 12445: 12443: 12440: 12438: 12435: 12433: 12430: 12428: 12425: 12423: 12420: 12418: 12415: 12413: 12410: 12408: 12405: 12403: 12400: 12398: 12395: 12394: 12387: 12386: 12378: 12375: 12373: 12370: 12368: 12365: 12363: 12360: 12358: 12355: 12353: 12350: 12348: 12345: 12343: 12340: 12339: 12332: 12331: 12315: 12313: 12310: 12309: 12305: 12303: 12300: 12299: 12295: 12293: 12290: 12289: 12285: 12283: 12280: 12279: 12275: 12273: 12270: 12269: 12265: 12263: 12260: 12259: 12251: 12246: 12245: 12235: 12233: 12230: 12229: 12225: 12223: 12220: 12219: 12215: 12213: 12210: 12209: 12205: 12203: 12200: 12199: 12195: 12193: 12190: 12189: 12185: 12183: 12180: 12179: 12175: 12173: 12170: 12169: 12165: 12163: 12160: 12159: 12155: 12153: 12150: 12149: 12145: 12143: 12140: 12139: 12135: 12133: 12130: 12129: 12125: 12123: 12120: 12119: 12115: 12113: 12112:Mughal Empire 12110: 12109: 12101: 12096: 12095: 12085: 12083: 12080: 12079: 12075: 12073: 12070: 12069: 12065: 12063: 12059: 12058: 12054: 12052: 12048: 12047: 12043: 12041: 12037: 12036: 12032: 12030: 12026: 12025: 12021: 12019: 12015: 12014: 12010: 12008: 12005: 12004: 12000: 11998: 11995: 11994: 11990: 11988: 11985: 11984: 11980: 11978: 11975: 11974: 11970: 11968: 11965: 11964: 11960: 11958: 11955: 11954: 11950: 11948: 11945: 11944: 11940: 11938: 11937:Reddy Kingdom 11935: 11934: 11930: 11928: 11925: 11924: 11920: 11918: 11915: 11914: 11910: 11908: 11904: 11903: 11899: 11897: 11893: 11892: 11888: 11886: 11882: 11881: 11877: 11875: 11871: 11870: 11866: 11864: 11860: 11859: 11855: 11853: 11850: 11849: 11845: 11843: 11840: 11839: 11835: 11833: 11830: 11829: 11821: 11816: 11815: 11794: 11792: 11789: 11788: 11784: 11782: 11779: 11778: 11774: 11772: 11769: 11768: 11764: 11762: 11759: 11758: 11754: 11752: 11749: 11748: 11744: 11742: 11739: 11738: 11734: 11732: 11729: 11728: 11724: 11722: 11719: 11718: 11714: 11712: 11709: 11708: 11704: 11702: 11699: 11698: 11694: 11692: 11689: 11688: 11684: 11682: 11679: 11678: 11674: 11672: 11669: 11668: 11664: 11662: 11661:Yadava Empire 11659: 11658: 11654: 11652: 11649: 11648: 11644: 11642: 11639: 11638: 11634: 11632: 11629: 11628: 11624: 11622: 11619: 11618: 11614: 11612: 11609: 11608: 11604: 11602: 11599: 11598: 11594: 11592: 11589: 11588: 11584: 11582: 11579: 11578: 11574: 11572: 11569: 11568: 11564: 11562: 11559: 11558: 11554: 11552: 11551:Harsha Empire 11549: 11548: 11533: 11531: 11528: 11527: 11523: 11521: 11518: 11517: 11506: 11504: 11501: 11500: 11496: 11494: 11491: 11490: 11486: 11484: 11481: 11480: 11476: 11474: 11471: 11470: 11466: 11464: 11461: 11460: 11456: 11454: 11451: 11450: 11446: 11444: 11441: 11440: 11436: 11434: 11431: 11430: 11426: 11424: 11421: 11420: 11405: 11403: 11400: 11399: 11384: 11382: 11379: 11378: 11374: 11372: 11369: 11368: 11364: 11362: 11359: 11358: 11354: 11352: 11349: 11348: 11344: 11342: 11339: 11338: 11334: 11332: 11331:Kushan Empire 11329: 11328: 11324: 11322: 11319: 11318: 11307: 11305: 11302: 11301: 11297: 11295: 11292: 11291: 11287: 11285: 11282: 11281: 11277: 11275: 11272: 11271: 11267: 11265: 11264:Shunga Empire 11262: 11261: 11246: 11244: 11243:Mitra Dynasty 11241: 11240: 11236: 11234: 11231: 11230: 11226: 11224: 11221: 11220: 11212: 11207: 11206: 11196: 11194: 11191: 11190: 11185: AD 500 11181: 250 BC 11175: 11173: 11170: 11169: 11164: 250 AD 11158: 11156: 11153: 11152: 11147: 300 BC 11141: 11139: 11136: 11135: 11130: 300 BC 11124: 11122: 11121:Chera Kingdom 11119: 11118: 11113: 300 BC 11107: 11105: 11104:Pandya Empire 11102: 11101: 11096: 300 AD 11092: 300 BC 11086: 11084: 11083:Sangam period 11081: 11080: 11076: 11074: 11071: 11070: 11066: 11064: 11063:Maurya Empire 11061: 11060: 11056: 11054: 11051: 11050: 11046: 11044: 11041: 11040: 11036: 11034: 11031: 11030: 11026: 11023: 11022: 11018: 11016: 11013: 11012: 11001: 10999: 10996: 10995: 10990: 600 BC 10984: 10982: 10979: 10978: 10974: 10972: 10969: 10968: 10964: 10962: 10959: 10958: 10954: 10952: 10948: 10947: 10944:(1200–600 BC) 10943: 10941: 10937: 10936: 10932: 10930: 10926: 10925: 10922:(1500–600 BC) 10921: 10919: 10915: 10914: 10911:(1500–500 BC) 10910: 10908: 10905: 10904: 10898:(1500–200 BC) 10896: 10891: 10890: 10881:(1600–500 BC) 10880: 10878: 10874: 10873: 10869: 10867: 10863: 10862: 10859:(2000–500 BC) 10858: 10856: 10853: 10852: 10848: 10846: 10842: 10841: 10837: 10835: 10831: 10830: 10826: 10824: 10820: 10819: 10815: 10813: 10810: 10809: 10801: 10796: 10795: 10786:(1400–700 BC) 10785: 10783: 10782:Jorwe culture 10780: 10779: 10775: 10773: 10772:Malwa culture 10770: 10769: 10766:(1600–750 BC) 10765: 10763: 10762:Pandu culture 10760: 10759: 10755: 10753: 10750: 10749: 10738: 10736: 10733: 10732: 10724: 10719: 10718: 10708: 10706: 10703: 10702: 10698: 10696: 10693: 10692: 10688: 10686: 10683: 10682: 10674: 10669: 10668: 10659: 10657: 10654: 10653: 10650: 10648: 10645: 10644: 10636: 10631: 10630: 10625: 10620: 10619: 10615: 10611: 10610: 10607: 10604: 10603: 10593: 10588: 10586: 10581: 10579: 10574: 10573: 10571: 10570: 10563: 10560: 10558: 10557:Naval History 10555: 10553: 10550: 10548: 10545: 10543: 10540: 10538: 10535: 10533: 10530: 10528: 10525: 10523: 10520: 10518: 10515: 10513: 10510: 10508: 10505: 10503: 10500: 10498: 10495: 10493: 10490: 10488: 10485: 10483: 10480: 10478: 10475: 10473: 10470: 10468: 10465: 10464: 10458: 10457: 10446: 10443: 10440: 10437: 10436: 10434: 10431: 10427: 10424: 10423: 10421: 10418: 10415: 10412: 10411: 10404: 10403: 10394: 10391: 10388: 10385: 10382: 10379: 10376: 10373: 10368: 10365: 10364: 10362: 10359: 10356: 10353: 10350: 10347: 10346: 10339: 10338: 10329: 10326: 10323: 10320: 10317: 10314: 10310: 10309:Lodhi Dynasty 10307: 10305: 10302: 10300: 10297: 10295: 10292: 10290: 10287: 10286: 10284: 10281: 10280: 10276: 10275:Late medieval 10271: 10270: 10261: 10258: 10255: 10254:Chola Dynasty 10252: 10248: 10245: 10243: 10240: 10238: 10235: 10234: 10232: 10229: 10226: 10225:Arab Invasion 10223: 10220: 10217: 10214: 10211: 10208: 10205: 10204: 10200: 10195: 10194: 10185: 10184:Gupta Dynasty 10182: 10179: 10176: 10173: 10170: 10168: 10167:Sangam period 10165: 10161:, 73 – 28 BCE 10160: 10159:Kanva Dynasty 10157: 10154: 10151: 10148: 10145: 10144: 10143: 10140: 10139: 10135: 10130: 10129: 10120: 10119:Mahajanapadas 10117: 10112: 10111:Nanda Dynasty 10109: 10107:413 – 345 BCE 10106: 10103: 10101:544 – 413 BCE 10100: 10097: 10094: 10091: 10090: 10089: 10086: 10085: 10077: 10074: 10072: 10069: 10067: 10064: 10063: 10062: 10059: 10055: 10052: 10051: 10050: 10047: 10044: 10041: 10040: 10038: 10035: 10032: 10027: 10024: 10021: 10020: 10014: 10013: 10002: 9999: 9996: 9993: 9990: 9987: 9984: 9981: 9978: 9975: 9974: 9972: 9969: 9966: 9963: 9961: 9958: 9957: 9950: 9949: 9946: 9943: 9942: 9936: 9932: 9931: 9928: 9922: 9921: 9916: 9911: 9910: 9900: 9895: 9893: 9888: 9886: 9881: 9880: 9878: 9877: 9870: 9867: 9865: 9862: 9860: 9857: 9855: 9852: 9850: 9847: 9845: 9844:Reddy dynasty 9842: 9840: 9837: 9835: 9832: 9830: 9827: 9825: 9822: 9820: 9817: 9815: 9812: 9810: 9807: 9805: 9802: 9800: 9799:Chola dynasty 9797: 9795: 9792: 9790: 9787: 9785: 9782: 9780: 9777: 9775: 9772: 9770: 9767: 9765: 9762: 9760: 9757: 9756: 9750: 9749: 9745: 9744: 9738: 9735: 9733: 9730: 9729: 9727: 9726: 9721: 9717: 9713: 9712:Telugu people 9707: 9703: 9702: 9699: 9695: 9692: 9691: 9687: 9683: 9682: 9677: 9670: 9663: 9658: 9654: 9653: 9643: 9637: 9633: 9629: 9628: 9623: 9619: 9615: 9613:9780521770200 9609: 9605: 9602:. Cambridge: 9601: 9600: 9595: 9591: 9586: 9582: 9576: 9572: 9571: 9565: 9561: 9555: 9551: 9550: 9544: 9540: 9534: 9530: 9529: 9523: 9519: 9513: 9509: 9508: 9502: 9498: 9496:9788122411980 9492: 9488: 9487: 9481: 9477: 9476: 9471: 9467: 9463: 9457: 9453: 9452: 9446: 9442: 9440:9780195619416 9436: 9432: 9431: 9425: 9422: 9416: 9412: 9407: 9403: 9397: 9392: 9391: 9384: 9380: 9379: 9373: 9369: 9365: 9361: 9357: 9353: 9349: 9344: 9340: 9336: 9332: 9327: 9323: 9317: 9313: 9312: 9306: 9302: 9298: 9294: 9290: 9286: 9282: 9277: 9273: 9271:9781438109961 9267: 9263: 9262: 9256: 9252: 9248: 9244: 9240: 9235: 9231: 9227: 9223: 9219: 9215: 9211: 9206: 9202: 9196: 9192: 9191: 9185: 9181: 9177: 9173: 9169: 9165: 9161: 9157: 9151: 9147: 9143: 9139: 9135: 9133:9788120829411 9129: 9125: 9121: 9120: 9114: 9113: 9100: 9095: 9086: 9071: 9067: 9060: 9058: 9042: 9038: 9032: 9024: 9023: 9018: 9017:Robert Sewell 9012: 9004: 9003: 8995: 8988: 8983: 8975: 8974: 8966: 8959: 8954: 8952: 8944: 8943:Sinopoli 2001 8939: 8933:, p. 20. 8932: 8927: 8920: 8915: 8909:, p. 95. 8908: 8903: 8895: 8893:9788131719589 8889: 8885: 8884: 8876: 8870:, p. 91. 8869: 8864: 8857: 8851: 8844: 8839: 8832: 8827: 8819: 8817:9788126011940 8813: 8809: 8808: 8800: 8792: 8786: 8782: 8778: 8771: 8763: 8759: 8754: 8749: 8745: 8741: 8737: 8730: 8724:, p. 53. 8723: 8718: 8710: 8708:9780520059917 8704: 8700: 8695: 8694: 8685: 8677: 8676: 8668: 8660: 8659: 8652: 8644: 8643: 8635: 8633: 8631: 8622: 8620:9788120829732 8616: 8612: 8611: 8603: 8601: 8599: 8597: 8595: 8587: 8586:Sinopoli 2001 8582: 8580: 8578: 8576: 8569:, p. 43. 8568: 8563: 8555: 8551: 8547: 8545:81-86073-86-8 8541: 8537: 8536: 8528: 8522:, p. 38. 8521: 8516: 8510:, p. 41. 8509: 8504: 8502: 8494: 8493:Sinopoli 2001 8489: 8482: 8481:Sinopoli 2001 8477: 8470: 8469:Sinopoli 2001 8465: 8463: 8454: 8453: 8445: 8443: 8435: 8434:Sinopoli 2001 8430: 8423: 8422:Sinopoli 2001 8418: 8416: 8414: 8406: 8405:Sinopoli 2001 8401: 8399: 8397: 8389: 8384: 8376: 8374:9780199088683 8370: 8366: 8365: 8357: 8350: 8349:Sinopoli 2001 8345: 8343: 8341: 8334:, p. 22. 8333: 8328: 8320: 8316: 8312: 8308: 8304: 8300: 8296: 8289: 8282: 8281:Sinopoli 2001 8277: 8270: 8269:Sinopoli 2001 8265: 8263: 8261: 8259: 8257: 8248: 8244: 8239: 8234: 8230: 8226: 8221: 8216: 8212: 8208: 8204: 8197: 8189: 8183: 8179: 8178: 8170: 8162: 8156: 8152: 8151: 8144: 8136: 8130: 8126: 8125: 8117: 8109: 8108:Ancient India 8101: 8095:, p. 52. 8094: 8089: 8080: 8071: 8065: 8061: 8057: 8051: 8044: 8039: 8037: 8027: 8018: 8009: 8007: 7998: 7996:9788192510750 7992: 7988: 7987: 7979: 7977: 7969:. p. 60. 7968: 7967: 7959: 7953:, p. 44. 7952: 7947: 7945: 7938:, p. 43. 7937: 7932: 7930: 7922:. p. 52. 7921: 7917: 7910: 7904:, p. 19. 7903: 7898: 7891: 7886: 7879: 7874: 7866: 7864:9788120808249 7860: 7856: 7855: 7847: 7839: 7837:9781259063237 7833: 7829: 7828: 7821: 7813: 7807: 7803: 7798: 7797: 7788: 7781: 7776: 7768: 7764: 7760: 7754: 7747: 7742: 7735: 7730: 7723: 7718: 7716: 7714: 7712: 7710: 7708: 7706: 7704: 7702: 7700: 7698: 7691: 7685: 7683: 7674: 7670: 7666: 7658: 7650: 7646: 7639: 7632: 7625: 7620: 7613: 7608: 7606: 7604: 7597:, p. 42. 7596: 7591: 7583: 7577: 7573: 7572: 7564: 7557: 7552: 7550: 7542: 7541:Sinopoli 2001 7537: 7529: 7527:9788121503488 7523: 7519: 7518: 7510: 7503: 7498: 7490: 7486: 7482: 7478: 7471: 7463: 7459: 7455: 7451: 7450:East and West 7444: 7436: 7435: 7427: 7419: 7415: 7411: 7407: 7400: 7398: 7389: 7385: 7381: 7380: 7372: 7365: 7361: 7360: 7352: 7344: 7338: 7334: 7333: 7325: 7319:, p. 43. 7318: 7313: 7306: 7300: 7293: 7288: 7278: 7276: 7266: 7264: 7256: 7251: 7249: 7241: 7236: 7229: 7228:Sinopoli 2001 7224: 7217: 7212: 7210: 7208: 7206: 7204: 7196: 7195:Sinopoli 2001 7191: 7184: 7179: 7172: 7167: 7159: 7153: 7149: 7148: 7140: 7132: 7130:9783447025225 7126: 7122: 7121: 7113: 7107:, p. 45. 7106: 7101: 7099: 7097: 7089: 7084: 7077: 7076:Sinopoli 2001 7072: 7070: 7068: 7066: 7064: 7062: 7054: 7048: 7046: 7038: 7033: 7026: 7021: 7019: 7012:, p. 43. 7011: 7006: 7004: 6995: 6993:9788120709300 6989: 6985: 6984: 6976: 6969: 6968:Sinopoli 2001 6964: 6962: 6960: 6951: 6950: 6942: 6934: 6933: 6924: 6917: 6911: 6903: 6899: 6892: 6885:. p. 42. 6884: 6877: 6869: 6862: 6855: 6854:Sinopoli 2001 6850: 6848: 6846: 6838: 6833: 6826: 6821: 6819: 6817: 6815: 6813: 6811: 6809: 6807: 6805: 6803: 6801: 6799: 6797: 6795: 6793: 6791: 6789: 6787: 6785: 6777: 6772: 6765: 6760: 6753: 6747: 6743: 6736: 6734: 6718: 6714: 6708: 6701: 6700:Sinopoli 2001 6696: 6694: 6692: 6690: 6688: 6686: 6684: 6676:. p. 93. 6675: 6674: 6666: 6664: 6662: 6646: 6642: 6635: 6620: 6616: 6610: 6603: 6602:Sinopoli 2001 6598: 6596: 6594: 6587:, p. 39. 6586: 6581: 6579: 6570: 6564: 6560: 6559: 6551: 6547: 6532: 6529: 6527: 6524: 6522: 6519: 6517: 6514: 6512: 6509: 6508: 6499: 6496: 6493: 6490: 6487: 6484: 6481: 6478: 6475: 6472: 6469: 6466: 6463: 6460: 6456: 6453: 6450: 6449: 6448: 6437: 6434: 6431: 6428: 6425: 6422: 6419: 6416: 6413: 6412: 6411: 6403: 6399: 6378: 6375: 6372: 6371: 6360: 6357: 6354: 6353: 6342: 6339: 6336: 6335: 6324: 6322: 6319: 6316: 6315: 6312:(r. 165–172) 6311: 6309: 6306: 6303: 6302: 6291: 6289: 6286: 6283: 6282: 6271: 6268: 6267:Vasisthiputra 6265: 6262: 6261: 6250: 6248: 6245: 6242: 6241: 6230: 6228: 6225: 6222: 6221: 6210: 6207: 6204: 6203: 6192: 6189: 6186: 6185: 6174: 6171: 6168: 6167: 6156: 6153: 6150: 6149: 6138: 6136: 6133: 6130: 6129: 6118: 6116:Gaura Krishna 6115: 6112: 6111: 6100: 6097: 6094: 6093: 6089: 6087:Satakarni III 6086: 6083: 6082: 6071: 6068: 6065: 6064: 6053: 6050: 6047: 6046: 6035: 6032: 6029: 6028: 6017: 6014: 6011: 6010: 5999: 5996: 5993: 5992: 5981: 5978: 5975: 5974: 5963: 5960: 5957: 5956: 5945: 5943: 5940: 5937: 5936: 5925: 5922: 5919: 5918: 5907: 5904: 5901: 5900: 5889: 5886: 5883: 5880: 5879: 5868: 5866: 5863: 5860: 5859: 5848: 5846: 5843: 5840: 5839: 5835: 5832: 5829: 5828: 5822: 5809: 5805: 5801: 5797: 5794: 5791: 5788: 5785: 5782: 5779: 5776: 5773: 5770: 5767: 5766: 5762: 5758: 5754: 5751:), Daṇḍaśri ( 5750: 5746: 5743: 5740: 5737: 5734: 5731: 5728: 5725: 5722: 5719: 5716: 5715: 5712: 5709: 5706: 5703: 5700: 5698: 5695: 5692: 5689: 5686: 5683: 5682: 5678: 5674: 5670: 5667: 5664: 5661: 5658: 5655: 5652: 5649: 5646: 5644: 5641: 5638: 5637: 5634: 5631: 5628: 5626: 5623: 5620: 5617: 5614: 5611: 5609: 5606: 5603: 5602: 5598: 5594: 5591: 5588: 5586: 5583: 5580: 5577: 5574: 5571: 5568: 5565: 5564: 5560: 5557:). See also: 5556: 5552: 5548: 5544: 5541: 5538: 5536: 5533: 5531: 5528: 5525: 5522: 5519: 5516: 5513: 5512: 5508: 5504: 5500: 5496: 5493: 5490: 5487: 5484: 5481: 5478: 5475: 5472: 5470: 5467: 5464: 5463: 5459: 5455: 5451: 5448: 5445: 5442: 5439: 5436: 5433: 5431: 5429: 5426: 5423: 5422: 5419: 5416: 5413: 5410: 5407: 5404: 5401: 5399: 5397: 5394: 5391: 5390: 5386: 5382: 5378: 5375: 5372: 5369: 5366: 5363: 5360: 5358: 5356: 5353: 5350: 5349: 5345: 5341: 5337: 5333: 5330:Purīṣabhiru ( 5329: 5326: 5323: 5320: 5317: 5314: 5311: 5309: 5307: 5304: 5301: 5300: 5296: 5292: 5288: 5284: 5280: 5277: 5274: 5271: 5268: 5265: 5262: 5260: 5258: 5255: 5252: 5251: 5247: 5243: 5240: 5237: 5234: 5231: 5229: 5226: 5224: 5222: 5220: 5217: 5214: 5213: 5209: 5205: 5201: 5197: 5194: 5191: 5188: 5185: 5183: 5180: 5178: 5176: 5173: 5170: 5169: 5166: 5162: 5158: 5155:), Paṭimavi ( 5154: 5150: 5146: 5143: 5140: 5137: 5134: 5132: 5129: 5127: 5124: 5121: 5118: 5117: 5114: 5111: 5109: 5107: 5104: 5101: 5099: 5097: 5095: 5092: 5089: 5088: 5085: 5082: 5080: 5078: 5075: 5072: 5070: 5068: 5066: 5063: 5060: 5059: 5055: 5051: 5048: 5046: 5044: 5041: 5038: 5036: 5034: 5032: 5029: 5026: 5025: 5021: 5017: 5014: 5012: 5010: 5007: 5004: 5002: 5000: 4998: 4995: 4992: 4991: 4988: 4985: 4982: 4980: 4977: 4974: 4971: 4969: 4967: 4964: 4961: 4960: 4956: 4952: 4949: 4946: 4944: 4941: 4938: 4935: 4933: 4930: 4927: 4924: 4923: 4919: 4916:), Hivilaka ( 4915: 4911: 4907: 4904: 4901: 4898: 4895: 4892: 4889: 4887: 4884: 4881: 4878: 4877: 4874: 4871: 4868: 4866: 4863: 4860: 4857: 4855: 4853: 4850: 4847: 4846: 4843: 4840: 4837: 4834: 4831: 4828: 4825: 4822: 4819: 4817: 4814: 4811: 4810: 4806: 4802: 4799: 4797: 4795: 4792: 4789: 4787: 4785: 4783: 4781:Skandastambhi 4780: 4777: 4776: 4772: 4768: 4765: 4762: 4760: 4757: 4754: 4751: 4749: 4747: 4744: 4741: 4740: 4736: 4732: 4728: 4724: 4721: 4718: 4715: 4712: 4709: 4706: 4703: 4700: 4698: 4695: 4692: 4691: 4688: 4685: 4682: 4679: 4676: 4673: 4670: 4667: 4664: 4661: 4658: 4655: 4654: 4650: 4646: 4642: 4639:), Sindhuka ( 4638: 4634: 4631: 4628: 4625: 4622: 4619: 4616: 4613: 4610: 4608: 4605: 4602: 4601: 4597: 4594: 4592: 4591: 4587: 4585: 4584: 4580: 4578: 4577: 4573: 4571: 4570: 4566: 4564: 4563: 4559: 4556: 4553: 4550: 4547: 4546: 4540: 4538: 4537: 4536:Skanda Purana 4532: 4528: 4523: 4521: 4520:Matsya Purana 4517: 4513: 4509: 4505: 4500: 4497: 4496: 4491: 4490: 4489:Matsya Purana 4485: 4470: 4467: 4464: 4463: 4459: 4456: 4453: 4452: 4448: 4445: 4442: 4441: 4437: 4434: 4431: 4430: 4426: 4424:Chandra Shri 4423: 4420: 4419: 4415: 4411: 4407: 4404: 4401: 4400: 4396: 4394: 4391: 4388: 4387: 4383: 4381: 4378: 4375: 4374: 4370: 4367: 4364: 4363: 4359: 4357: 4354: 4351: 4350: 4346: 4344: 4341: 4338: 4337: 4334:c. 86–110 CE 4333: 4331: 4328: 4325: 4324: 4321: 4317: 4314:c. 54–100 CE 4313: 4311: 4308: 4305: 4302: 4301: 4297: 4295: 4292: 4289: 4286: 4285: 4282: 4280: 4275: 4272:c. 50–25 BCE 4271: 4269: 4266: 4263: 4262: 4259:c. 70–60 BCE 4258: 4256: 4253: 4250: 4249: 4245: 4243: 4240: 4237: 4236: 4232: 4230: 4227: 4224: 4223: 4219: 4216: 4213: 4212: 4206: 4204: 4195: 4187: 4183: 4182: 4181: 4178: 4175: 4161: 4157: 4150: 4145: 4142: 4138: 4132: 4127: 4120: 4115: 4111: 4105: 4100: 4099: 4098: 4096: 4092: 4088: 4084: 4080: 4079:Krishna River 4076: 4070: 4060: 4057: 4052: 4051:with stupas. 4050: 4046: 4036: 4034: 4030: 4026: 4022: 4018: 4008: 4006: 4002: 3998: 3994: 3986: 3981: 3972: 3970: 3965: 3963: 3958: 3949: 3947: 3939: 3935: 3934: 3933:Gaha Sattasai 3929: 3925: 3921: 3917: 3909: 3905: 3901: 3897: 3893: 3888: 3868: 3861: 3856: 3853: 3846: 3841: 3837: 3833: 3829: 3822: 3817: 3816: 3810: 3808: 3804: 3798: 3794: 3792: 3791:Brahmi script 3788: 3784: 3780: 3776: 3771: 3768: 3763: 3761: 3757: 3753: 3741: 3736: 3732: 3725: 3721: 3717: 3713: 3709: 3706: 3699: 3695: 3688: 3687:Brahmi script 3684: 3680: 3674: 3670: 3666: 3662: 3658: 3651: 3640: 3630: 3617: 3615: 3611: 3606: 3604: 3600: 3596: 3591: 3589: 3585: 3580: 3577: 3576:Brahmi script 3569: 3565: 3560: 3551: 3548: 3545: 3541: 3535: 3533: 3529: 3525: 3521: 3516: 3514: 3513: 3512:Gaha Sattasai 3508: 3504: 3494: 3490: 3488: 3484: 3480: 3476: 3472: 3467: 3465: 3461: 3457: 3456: 3451: 3450: 3445: 3441: 3436: 3434: 3430: 3426: 3418: 3414: 3410: 3406: 3402: 3397: 3388: 3386: 3382: 3381: 3375: 3373: 3369: 3363: 3359: 3352: 3347: 3338: 3334: 3332: 3328: 3324: 3319: 3317: 3313: 3312:James Burgess 3308: 3301: 3297: 3291: 3285: 3283: 3275: 3272: 3268: 3265: 3262: 3259: 3256: 3255: 3254: 3252: 3244: 3243:Brahmi script 3240: 3234: 3230: 3225: 3216: 3214: 3209: 3207: 3203: 3199: 3195: 3191: 3187: 3183: 3178: 3176: 3172: 3168: 3164: 3160: 3156: 3152: 3148: 3143: 3141: 3137: 3133: 3129: 3125: 3121: 3117: 3113: 3109: 3105: 3101: 3097: 3092: 3088: 3084: 3080: 3075: 3072: 3068: 3064: 3060: 3059: 3055:. The Nashik 3054: 3050: 3046: 3042: 3038: 3034: 3030: 3018: 3010: 3001: 2990: 2979: 2970: 2959: 2948: 2937: 2935: 2934: 2924: 2922: 2921: 2911: 2902: 2893: 2891: 2882: 2873: 2871: 2860: 2851: 2849: 2848: 2838: 2829: 2827: 2826: 2816: 2807: 2805: 2796: 2794: 2785: 2783: 2774: 2772: 2771: 2761: 2759: 2750: 2741: 2730: 2722: 2708: 2704: 2702: 2698: 2694: 2692: 2688: 2684: 2680: 2678: 2674: 2670: 2667: 2666: 2665: 2662: 2660: 2656: 2651: 225 CE 2645: 2634: 2632: 2628: 2621: 2617: 2612: 2603: 2601: 2597: 2593: 2589: 2584: 2582: 2578: 2574: 2570: 2566: 2563:According to 2554: 2552: 2551:Dakshinapatha 2546: 2544: 2539: 2537: 2533: 2525: 2520: 2511: 2509: 2505: 2500: 2496: 2487: 2483: 2479: 2472: 2470: 2466: 2462: 2458: 2454: 2450: 2446: 2442: 2436: 2432: 2430: 2426: 2422: 2417: 2416: 2412: 2408: 2404: 2399: 127 CE 2389: 2381: 2377: 2371: 2370:Brahmi script 2367: 2363: 2359: 2354: 2347: 2343: 2339: 2334: 2328:First revival 2325: 2323: 2322:Rishabhadatta 2319: 2315: 2311: 2307: 2302: 2300: 2299: 2298:Gaha Sattasai 2294: 2288: 2282: 2264: 2260: 2253: 2248: 2241: 2236: 2232: 2228: 2222: 2217: 2214: 2207: 2202: 2198: 2192: 2187: 2180: 2175: 2174: 2165: 2160: 2153: 2148: 2144: 2138: 2133: 2126: 2121: 2114: 2109: 2108: 2107: 2104: 2099: 2094: 2090: 2086: 2082: 2080: 2076: 2072: 2065:Art of Sanchi 2062: 2060: 2056: 2053: 2049: 2045: 2041: 2037: 2033: 2028: 2025: 2021: 2017: 2013: 2009: 2005: 2001: 1997: 1993: 1989: 1985: 1981: 1977: 1967: 1964: 1959: 1955: 1951: 1928: 1927:Brahmi script 1921: 1912: 1908: 1901: 1875: 1873: 1868: 1861: 1859: 1847: 1844: 1842: 1838: 1833: 1831: 1830:Kanaganahalli 1826: 1822: 1820: 1816: 1812: 1808: 1804: 1803: 1798: 1794: 1793: 1788: 1787:Matsya Purana 1783: 1781: 1776: 1772: 1768: 1757: 1749: 1740: 1731: 1722: 1713: 1704: 1695: 1686: 1677: 1668: 1657: 1646: 1637: 1628: 1619: 1610: 1601: 1592: 1581: 1572: 1570: 1560: 1548: 1546: 1536: 1534: 1530: 1526: 1525: 1520: 1515: 1513: 1509: 1505: 1500: 1497: 1493: 1489: 1485: 1480: 1478: 1474: 1469: 1467: 1463: 1459: 1455: 1445: 1443: 1439: 1435: 1431: 1427: 1426:Satakarninadu 1423: 1419: 1414: 1413:Kanaganahalli 1410: 1406: 1402: 1401:Kanaganahalli 1398: 1394: 1388: 1386: 1385:Vidya Dehejia 1381: 1377: 1369: 1365: 1361: 1351: 1347: 1342: 1338: 1332: 1325: 1324:Brahmi script 1321: 1314: 1303: 1299: 1292: 1278: 1276: 1271: 1267: 1263: 1259: 1255: 1251: 1247: 1243: 1239: 1235: 1230: 1228: 1224: 1219: 1214: 1210: 1205: 1201: 1197: 1193: 1189: 1185: 1177: 1173: 1169: 1165: 1161: 1157: 1152: 1143: 1141: 1137: 1132: 1130: 1126: 1122: 1121: 1117: 1112: 1110: 1106: 1101: 1099: 1095: 1091: 1087: 1083: 1079: 1075: 1071: 1066: 1064: 1060: 1056: 1052: 1051:solar dynasty 1048: 1044: 1040: 1036: 1031: 1026: 1022: 1019: 1013: 1010: 1004: 1003:Brahmi script 999: 997: 992: 986: 981: 976: 968: 964: 958: 953: 949: 942: 937: 928: 926: 922: 918: 914: 910: 900: 898: 894: 890: 885: 883: 879: 875: 871: 867: 863: 862:Kanva dynasty 859: 854: 852: 848: 844: 840: 836: 832: 828: 824: 820: 816: 812: 809: 805: 801: 797: 793: 788: 783: 779: 775: 769: 724: 712: 707: 705: 700: 698: 693: 692: 690: 689: 681: 679: 676: 675: 671: 669: 666: 665: 661: 659: 656: 655: 651: 649: 646: 645: 641: 639: 636: 635: 631: 629: 626: 625: 621: 619: 616: 615: 611: 609: 606: 605: 601: 599: 596: 595: 591: 589: 586: 585: 579: 575: 570: 566: 565: 562: 561: 554: 551: 550: 543: 540: 538:Today part of 536: 520: 518: 515: 514: 506: 504: 501: 500: 492: 490: 487: 486: 478: 476: 475:Chutu dynasty 473: 472: 464: 462: 459: 458: 450: 448: 445: 444: 441: 435: 434:Kanva dynasty 432: 425: 424: 421: 420:Maurya Empire 418: 411: 410: 407: 406: 403: 400: 398: 395: 394: 390: 386: 382: 224 CE 377: 371: 362: 356: 352: 349: 346: 342: 338: 334: 328: 324: 321: 315: 311: 307: 305: 301: 297: 293: 290: 286: 283: 279: 276: 271: 267: 264: 260: 257: 253: 250: 246: 232: 227: 218: 209: 200: 189: 180: 169: 160: 149: 140: 129: 118: 109: 98: 87: 81: 72: 68: 224 CE 55: 49: 33: 30: 19: 13658: 13649: 13639: 13626: 13617: 13616: 13607: 13598: 13589: 13580: 13571: 13562: 13553: 13544: 13536: 13535: 13499:Pala dynasty 13485:10th century 13484: 13447: 13415: 13365: 13345: 13339: 13338: 13294: 13267: 13239:Gupta Empire 13237: 13227: 13213: 13207: 13206: 13173: 13161: 13139: 13134: 13127: 13112:Early Cholas 13103: 13099: 13080: 13038: 13034: 13028: 13027: 13012:Early Cholas 13003: 12999: 12992: 12987: 12978: 12971: 12965: 12964: 12955: 12946:Nanda empire 12944: 12932: 12899: 12890: 12861: 12854: 12848: 12847: 12809: 12800: 12785:Vedic Period 12782: 12767:Vedic Period 12764: 12759:Vedic Period 12756: 12750: 12749: 12740: 12703:Sapta Sindhu 12690:Timeline and 12522:Demographics 12512:Architecture 12292:French India 12282:Danish India 12162:Bengal Subah 12152:Bhoi dynasty 12082:Koch Kingdom 11917:Ahom Kingdom 11791:Deva Kingdom 11483:Huna Kingdom 11423:Gupta Empire 11325:(AD 35–405 ) 11284:Kanva Empire 11256: 50 BC 11222: 11138:Chola Empire 11077:(312–303 BC) 11067:(321–184 BC) 11057:(330–323 BC) 11047:(380–321 BC) 11043:Nanda Empire 11037:(424–345 BC) 11019:(550–330 BC) 10975:(684–424 BC) 10965:(799–684 BC) 10955:(700–200 BC) 10877:Swat culture 10723:Chalcolithic 10635:Palaeolithic 10502:LGBT history 10367:Bengal Subah 10355:Suri Dynasty 10342:Early modern 10322:Vijayanagara 10247:Pala Dynasty 10177: 10043:Kuru kingdom 9779:Salankayanas 9763: 9626: 9598: 9569: 9548: 9531:. Dattsons. 9527: 9506: 9485: 9474: 9470:Sarma, I. K. 9450: 9429: 9410: 9409:Rao (1994), 9389: 9377: 9351: 9347: 9330: 9310: 9284: 9280: 9264:. Infobase. 9260: 9245:(1): 43–50. 9242: 9238: 9213: 9209: 9189: 9171: 9167: 9145: 9118: 9094: 9085: 9073:. Retrieved 9069: 9044:. Retrieved 9040: 9031: 9021: 9011: 9001: 8994: 8982: 8972: 8965: 8938: 8926: 8914: 8902: 8882: 8875: 8863: 8850: 8838: 8826: 8806: 8799: 8780: 8770: 8743: 8739: 8729: 8717: 8692: 8684: 8674: 8667: 8657: 8651: 8641: 8609: 8562: 8534: 8527: 8515: 8488: 8476: 8451: 8429: 8383: 8363: 8356: 8327: 8302: 8298: 8288: 8276: 8210: 8206: 8196: 8176: 8169: 8149: 8143: 8123: 8116: 8107: 8100: 8088: 8079: 8070: 8050: 8026: 8017: 7985: 7965: 7958: 7919: 7909: 7897: 7885: 7873: 7853: 7846: 7826: 7820: 7795: 7787: 7775: 7766: 7753: 7741: 7729: 7672: 7668: 7657: 7648: 7644: 7631: 7619: 7595:Shastri 1998 7590: 7570: 7563: 7536: 7516: 7509: 7497: 7480: 7476: 7470: 7453: 7449: 7443: 7433: 7426: 7409: 7405: 7378: 7371: 7363: 7358: 7351: 7331: 7324: 7317:Shimada 2012 7312: 7304: 7299: 7287: 7235: 7223: 7190: 7178: 7173:, p. 8. 7166: 7146: 7139: 7119: 7112: 7105:Shimada 2012 7083: 7052: 7039:, p. 5. 7032: 7025:Shastri 1999 6982: 6975: 6948: 6941: 6931: 6923: 6918:, p. 38 6910: 6901: 6897: 6891: 6882: 6876: 6867: 6861: 6837:Kosambi 1975 6832: 6778:, p. 3. 6771: 6764:Shastri 1998 6759: 6741: 6720:. Retrieved 6716: 6707: 6672: 6648:. Retrieved 6644: 6634: 6622:. Retrieved 6618: 6609: 6557: 6550: 6446: 6409: 6400: 6396: 6172:Purindrasena 5942:Satakarni II 5820: 5807: 5803: 5799: 5771:Pulomavi III 5760: 5756: 5752: 5748: 5676: 5672: 5596: 5554: 5553:), Pulimat ( 5550: 5549:), Pulomat ( 5546: 5506: 5502: 5498: 5469:Gautamīputra 5457: 5453: 5384: 5380: 5343: 5339: 5335: 5331: 5305:Purindrasena 5294: 5293:), Bhavaka ( 5290: 5286: 5285:), Saptaka ( 5282: 5245: 5207: 5203: 5199: 5164: 5160: 5159:), Paṭumat ( 5156: 5152: 5151:), Aṭamāna ( 5148: 5053: 5019: 4954: 4917: 4913: 4912:), Ivīlaka ( 4909: 4816:Śatakarṇi II 4804: 4803:Śrivasvani ( 4770: 4769:Paurṇamāsa ( 4734: 4730: 4726: 4725:Śantakarṇa ( 4648: 4644: 4643:), Śipraka ( 4640: 4636: 4588: 4581: 4574: 4567: 4560: 4534: 4530: 4524: 4519: 4515: 4508:D. C. Sircar 4501: 4493: 4487: 4482:The various 4481: 4435:Pulumavi II 4413: 4319: 4309: 4298:c. 20–24 CE 4293: 4277: 4268:Satakarni II 4201: 4192: 4185:discredited. 4179: 4171: 4075:Buddhist art 4072: 4055: 4053: 4045:Ajanta Caves 4042: 4014: 4011:Architecture 3990: 3968: 3966: 3961: 3955: 3931: 3913: 3799: 3795: 3772: 3764: 3749: 3739: 3734: 3728: 3704: 3697: 3691: 3678: 3631:) (c.150 CE) 3614:Satakarni II 3607: 3592: 3581: 3573: 3554:Inscriptions 3549: 3536: 3527: 3517: 3510: 3500: 3491: 3474: 3468: 3463: 3459: 3453: 3447: 3437: 3422: 3378: 3376: 3364: 3360: 3356: 3335: 3330: 3326: 3322: 3320: 3302: 3286: 3281: 3279: 3248: 3236: 3210: 3179: 3151:Pratishthana 3144: 3076: 3056: 3026: 2984: 2932: 2931: 2919: 2918: 2889: 2867: 2846: 2845: 2824: 2823: 2803: 2792: 2781: 2769: 2768: 2757: 2663: 2644:Gupta Empire 2640: 2625: 2585: 2573:E. J. Rapson 2562: 2548: 2540: 2536:Rudradaman I 2529: 2492: 2438: 2433: 2424: 2420: 2413: 2385: 2380:Nasik cave 3 2373: 2303: 2296: 2290: 2092: 2084: 2068: 2032:Satakarni II 2029: 1994:valley) and 1973: 1957: 1953: 1949: 1911:Satakarni II 1874:Sakhadhābho" 1866: 1863: 1855: 1845: 1840: 1839: 1835: 1827: 1823: 1810: 1806: 1800: 1790: 1786: 1784: 1765: 1577: 1566: 1542: 1522: 1516: 1507: 1501: 1492:V.V. Mirashi 1488:eka-brahmana 1487: 1483: 1481: 1476: 1470: 1451: 1437: 1433: 1429: 1425: 1421: 1417: 1392: 1389: 1375: 1373: 1340: 1334: 1328: 1275:Pratishthana 1231: 1184:E. J. Rapson 1181: 1133: 1118: 1113: 1102: 1097: 1093: 1077: 1073: 1067: 1062: 1058: 1039:Sapta-Vahana 1038: 1020: 1015: 1011: 1006: 1000: 998:vernacular. 980:Sanskritised 972: 966: 960: 945: 906: 886: 855: 843:Pratishthana 799: 795: 791: 777: 773: 722: 720: 618:Satakarni II 552: 402:Succeeded by 401: 396: 252:Pratishthana 29: 13643:, Routledge 13524:Rashtrakuta 13428:Pala Empire 13421:Kabul Shahi 13304:Kabul Shahi 13278:Alchon Huns 13056:Mahabharata 12979:Pre-history 12892:Pre-history 12802:Pre-history 12507:Agriculture 12477:South India 12452:Maharashtra 12402:Balochistan 12342:Afghanistan 12316:(1858–1947) 12312:British Raj 12306:(1757–1858) 12302:Company Raj 12296:(1759–1954) 12286:(1620–1869) 12276:(1605–1825) 12272:Dutch India 12266:(1510–1961) 12253:(1510–1961) 12236:(1799–1849) 12232:Sikh Empire 12226:(1729–1947) 12216:(1707–1799) 12206:(1674–1818) 12196:(1650–1948) 12186:(1642–1975) 12176:(1600–1750) 12166:(1576–1757) 12156:(1541–1804) 12146:(1532–1673) 12136:(1529–1736) 12126:(1540–1556) 12116:(1526–1858) 12103:(1526–1858) 12086:(1515–1947) 12076:(1499–1763) 12066:(1518–1687) 12055:(1492–1686) 12044:(1492–1619) 12033:(1490–1574) 12022:(1490–1636) 12011:(1490–1596) 12001:(1470–1842) 11991:(1434–1541) 11981:(1399–1947) 11971:(1358–1803) 11961:(1352–1576) 11951:(1336–1646) 11941:(1325–1448) 11931:(1300–1779) 11921:(1228–1826) 11911:(1451–1526) 11900:(1414–1451) 11889:(1320–1414) 11878:(1290–1320) 11867:(1206–1290) 11856:(1206–1526) 11846:(1170–1206) 11823:(1206–1526) 11804: 1300 11800: 1200 11785:(1187–1673) 11775:(1156–1184) 11755:(1102–1766) 11745:(1083–1323) 11735:(1078–1434) 11725:(1070–1230) 11721:Sena Empire 11715:(1040–1347) 11705:(1003–1320) 11631:Pala Empire 11493:Rai Kingdom 11335:(AD 60–240) 11268:(185–73 BC) 11024:Ror Dynasty 10744: 3950 10497:Art History 10420:British Raj 10393:Sikh Empire 10381:Company Raj 10227:, c. 738 CE 9953:Prehistoric 9924:History of 9869:British Raj 9764:Satavahanas 9099:Ollett 2017 9075:11 December 9046:11 December 8567:Ollett 2017 8520:Ollett 2017 8508:Ollett 2017 8043:Ollett 2017 7878:Ollett 2017 7722:Higham 2009 7624:Thapar 2013 7255:Ollett 2017 7120:The Purāṇas 6722:11 December 6650:25 February 6585:Ollett 2017 6376:Pulumavi IV 6033:Skandasvati 5905:Purnotsanga 5798:Sulomadhi ( 5518:Pulomavi II 4996:Skandasvāti 4745:Pūrṇotsanga 4697:Śatakarṇi I 4516:Vayu Purana 4495:Vayu Purana 4255:Satakarni I 4214:Serial. Nu 4029:Jaggiahpeta 3946:Brihatkatha 3928:Maharashtri 3832:Maharashtra 3712:arched-hill 3599:Satakarni I 3568:Nasik Caves 3433:Brahmanical 3368:Kotalingala 3333:(village). 3198:Dharanikota 3159:Dharanikota 3104:Bhima river 3037:Maharashtra 2457:Indo-Greeks 2263:Kapilavastu 2075:architraves 1980:Satakarni I 1819:interregnum 1797:Megasthenes 1747:HAN DYNASTY 1684:ARJUNAYANAS 1579:SATAVAHANAS 1533:D.C. Sircar 1529:Shalivahana 1486:(Sanskrit: 1484:eka-bamhana 1422:Kannavisaya 1368:Satakarni I 1302:Nasik Caves 1254:Satakarni I 1234:Maharashtra 1223:I. K. Sarma 1213:Satakarni I 1204:Kotilingala 1129:Senguttuvan 1086:Shalivahana 978:seem to be 941:Satakarni I 913:Maharashtra 909:regionalism 851:Dharanikota 827:Maharashtra 723:Satavahanas 608:Satakarni I 397:Preceded by 13693:Categories 13537:References 13490:Ghaznavids 13300:Nezak Huns 12587:Philosophy 12567:Metallurgy 12557:Literature 12482:Tamil Nadu 12347:Bangladesh 12122:Sur Empire 11836:(977–1186) 11802: – c. 11765:(675–1210) 11695:(973–1189) 11685:(942–1244) 11675:(882–1110) 11665:(850–1334) 11655:(800–1327) 11635:(750–1174) 11615:(694–1947) 11595:(650–1036) 11575:(624–1075) 11543: 700 11541: – c. 11539: 550 11512: 500 11457:(350–1100) 11447:(350–1000) 11415: 600 11413: – c. 11411: 250 11394: 500 11392: – c. 11390: 250 11313: 130 11288:(75–26 BC) 11254: – c. 11252: 150 11183: – c. 11149:– AD 1279) 11132:– AD 1102) 11115:– AD 1345) 11094: – c. 11007: 600 10992:– AD 1600) 10800:Bronze Age 9989:Lahuradewa 9804:Kota Vamsa 9662:Satavahana 9193:. Harman. 8722:Singh 2008 8388:Singh 2008 8093:Dutta 1990 7951:Fynes 1995 7936:Fynes 1995 7734:Singh 2008 7612:Singh 2008 7581:0226742210 7183:Singh 2008 7088:Sarma 1980 6916:Sarma 1980 6776:Sarma 1980 6624:29 October 6568:0226742210 6537:References 6227:Shivasvati 6098:Pulumavi I 5997:Meghasvati 5595:Madaśirā ( 5174:Gaurakṛṣṇa 5163:), Ābhi - 5122:Pulomavi I 5093:Svātikarṇa 4928:Meghasvāti 4557:Epigraphy 3993:Bramhapuri 3952:Sculptures 3760:Indo-Greek 3667:(possibly 3603:bas-relief 3475:maha-matra 3460:agnyadheya 3449:ashvamedha 3425:Brahmanism 3266:Mahabhojas 3200:, Junnar, 3140:Pattadakal 3116:Gadhinglaj 2933:Sarmatians 2441:Kshatriyas 2397: – c. 2395: 103 2342:Satavahana 2336:A coin of 2285:See also: 2259:Suddhodana 2213:Nairanjana 2197:Pipal tree 2130:Architrave 2118:Architrave 2008:Ashvamedha 2006:including 1809:(it) will 1608:AUDUMBARAS 1588:MAHAMEGHA- 1567:South Asia 1551:Foundation 1527:represent 1376:maha-matra 1238:Cave No.19 1158:, ancient 1116:Tamil epic 1030:Sātavāhana 1021:Sātavāhana 1012:Sādavāhana 991:Sālavāhaṇa 806:, were an 787:Sātavāhana 778:Sātavāhana 774:Sādavāhana 592:100-70 BCE 295:Government 105:MAHAMEGHA- 94:South-Asia 48:Sātavāhana 18:Satavahana 13441:Kalachuri 13233:Kidarites 12537:Education 12527:Dynasties 12447:Rajasthan 12432:Karnataka 12377:Sri Lanka 11645:(753–982) 11625:(736–916) 11605:(661–750) 11585:(632–661) 11565:(618–841) 11555:(606–647) 11524:(543–753) 11497:(489–632) 11487:(475–576) 11477:(475–767) 11467:(420–624) 11437:(345–525) 11427:(280–550) 11375:(230–360) 11365:(224–651) 11355:(210–340) 11345:(170–350) 11308:(AD 21 – 11166:– AD 800) 10918:Janapadas 10746:–1900 BC) 10673:Neolithic 10134:Classical 9971:Neolithic 9753:Dynasties 9732:Geography 9720:Telangana 9698:Telangana 9552:. BRILL. 9510:. Aryan. 9360:0378-1143 9293:0378-1143 9230:0019-7246 8554:634973239 8311:0378-1143 8229:2073-4425 8056:Cave No.3 6670:Burgess. 6645:The Hindu 6542:Citations 6467:Mantalaka 6459:Satakarni 5961:Lambodara 5885:Satakarni 5800:Bhagavata 5753:Brahmanda 5749:Bhagavata 5673:Brahmanda 5597:Bhagavata 5547:Bhagavata 5545:Purīmān ( 5503:Bhagavata 5499:Brahmanda 5454:Brahmanda 5427:Śivasvāti 5385:Bhagavata 5344:Brahmanda 5332:Bhagavata 5295:Brahmanda 5283:Bhagavata 5256:Mandalaka 5246:Bhagavata 5165:Brahmanda 5153:Bhagavata 5054:Brahmanda 5020:Brahmanda 4955:Brahmanda 4953:Saudāsa ( 4918:Bhagavata 4908:Apītaka ( 4851:Lambodara 4771:Bhagavata 4727:Bhagavata 4649:Brahmanda 4569:Brahmanda 4562:Bhagavata 4279:Kshatrapa 4189:evidence. 4172:Multiple 4083:Amaravati 4039:Paintings 3892:Cave No.3 3828:Satakarni 3779:Dravidian 3716:Dravidian 3669:Old Tamil 3665:Dravidian 3629:Old Tamil 3588:Mahamatra 3524:prashasti 3479:shramanas 3413:Bhokardan 3058:prashasti 3049:Karnataka 3041:Telangana 2920:Dinglings 2659:Amaravati 2600:Amaravati 2478:Cave No.3 2421:Raja-Raja 2415:prashasti 2231:Rajagriha 2227:Bimbisara 2079:Satakarni 2038:from the 2024:Kharavela 1913:.Sinopoli 1666:BACTRIANS 1617:YAUDHEYAS 1599:SAMATATAS 1462:Kshatriya 1416:known as 1397:Karnataka 1200:Telangana 1168:Mucalinda 1164:Satakarni 1100:("son"). 931:Etymology 925:Telangana 921:Karnataka 847:Amaravati 839:Karnataka 823:Telangana 802:) in the 682:2nd c. CE 672:2nd c. CE 662:2nd c. CE 652:2nd c. CE 642:2nd c. CE 632:1st c. CE 628:Sivasvati 622:50-25 BCE 612:70-60 BCE 602:70-60 BCE 281:Religion 275:Old Tamil 256:Amaravati 198:PARTHIANS 127:SCYTHIANS 116:SAMATATAS 13637:(2002), 13311:Maitraka 13196:kingdom 13194:Kamarupa 13052:Ramayana 12878:Buddhism 12824:Panchala 12815:Gandhara 12775:culture) 12742:IRON AGE 12602:Timeline 12592:Religion 12572:Military 12562:Maritime 12552:Language 12542:Indology 12372:Pakistan 12362:Maldives 12060: – 12049: – 12038: – 12027: – 12016: – 11905: – 11894: – 11883: – 11872: – 11861: – 11009:–300 BC) 10949: – 10938: – 10927: – 10916: – 10895:Iron Age 10875: – 10864: – 10843: – 10832: – 10821: – 9995:Mehrgarh 9991:7000 BCE 9985:7106 BCE 9977:Bhirrana 9945:Timeline 9915:a series 9913:Part of 9686:a series 9684:Part of 9624:(2013), 9472:(1980). 9368:41694410 9301:41688591 9180:41702166 9144:(2004). 9019:(1884). 8931:Rao 1994 8762:24650366 8319:44002572 8247:37510249 8238:10379071 7761:(1885). 7746:Sen 1999 7502:Sen 1999 7489:44142769 7462:29757390 7240:Sen 1999 7171:Rao 1976 7037:Rao 1993 7010:Ray 1986 6825:Sen 1999 6505:See also 5643:Yajñaśri 5281:Talaka ( 5244:Hāleya ( 4635:Śiśuka ( 4343:Pulumavi 4307:Nahapana 3962:chankama 3938:Sanskrit 3920:Sanskrit 3836:Vidarbha 3705:Reverse: 3679:Obverse: 3595:Naneghat 3574:Several 3520:Sanskrit 3497:Language 3487:Buddhism 3455:rajasuya 3440:Naneghat 3391:Religion 3385:Nanaghat 3325:(city), 3271:janapada 3251:Shastras 3153:(modern 3108:Banavasi 3100:Pulumayi 2966:PARTHIAN 2825:Tesinsky 2707:Pallavas 2701:Banavasi 2614:Coin of 2556:— 2543:Junagadh 2522:Coin of 2474:— 2469:Nahapana 2461:Pahlavas 2425:Maharaja 2407:Nahapana 2338:Nahapana 2318:Nahapana 2143:Yakshini 2012:Rajasuya 1996:Vidarbha 1877:— 1872:Nagaraja 1858:Nagaraja 1849:— 1771:Naneghat 1644:KUNINDAS 1635:VRISHNIS 1626:PAURAVAS 1466:Brahmana 1364:Naneghat 1346:Sramanas 1250:Naneghat 1160:Vidarbha 985:Sātakaṇi 962:𑀡𑀺(𑀲) 298:Monarchy 289:Buddhism 285:Hinduism 272:(Rarely) 270:Sanskrit 156:NORTHERN 13618:Sources 13409:Pallava 13340:Culture 13219:Puranas 13208:Culture 13048:Puranas 13029:Culture 12966:Culture 12882:Ājīvika 12874:Jainism 12849:Culture 12829:Magadha 12751:Culture 12532:Economy 12517:Coinage 12437:Kashmir 12417:Gujarat 11514:– 1026) 10624:Outline 10017:Ancient 9965:Soanian 9722:history 9478:. Agam. 9109:Sources 8058:of the 7418:4414819 6904:. 1991. 6511:Magadha 6470:Sundara 5979:Apilaka 5865:Krishna 5569:Śivaśri 4882:Āpīlaka 4662:(Kanha) 4484:Puranas 4174:Puranas 4035:Stupa. 3916:Prakrit 3894:of the 3830:issue, 3775:Prakrit 3685:in the 3683:Prakrit 3675:legend. 3673:Prakrit 3661:Prakrit 3620:Coinage 3532:Sannati 3507:Prakrit 3405:Pompeii 3341:Economy 3229:Sannati 3190:Bharuch 3175:Kushana 3155:Paithan 3147:Ptolemy 3132:Kalkeri 3128:Malkhed 3096:Prakrit 3067:Gujarat 3045:Gujarat 3008:XIONGNU 2999:DYNASTY 2986:SATAVA- 2870:culture 2782:SABEANS 2683:Krishna 2637:Decline 2631:Abhiras 2480:of the 2453:Yavanas 2429:Vindhya 2366:Palhava 2040:Shungas 2020:Kalinga 2018:of the 1992:Narmada 1775:Puranas 1711:PANDYAS 1702:SHUNGAS 1693:MALAVAS 1590:VAHANAS 1569:150 BCE 1545:Puranas 1539:History 1473:Puranas 1442:Ballari 1418:Kannadu 1380:Mauryan 1300:at the 1240:of the 1105:Puranas 1047:sun god 1035:Prakrit 1033:) is a 996:Prakrit 903:Origins 895:to the 889:coinage 858:Puranas 831:Gujarat 815:Puranas 811:dynasty 804:Puranas 792:Andhras 325:(first) 266:Prakrit 248:Capital 207:PANDYAS 187:YUEZHIS 178:SATRAPS 176:WESTERN 158:SATRAPS 107:VAHANAS 96:0-50 CE 13557:Samuel 13548:Samuel 13355:Tantra 13120:Cheras 13020:Cheras 12926:Assaka 12841:Assaka 12773:Srauta 12699:Punjab 12467:Odisha 12462:Punjab 12407:Bengal 12352:Bhutan 10407:Modern 9917:on the 9759:Assaka 9718:, and 9638: 9610: 9577: 9556: 9535: 9514: 9493: 9458: 9437: 9417: 9398: 9366: 9358: 9337: 9318: 9299: 9291: 9268: 9228: 9197: 9178: 9152: 9130: 8890: 8814: 8787: 8760: 8705: 8617: 8552: 8542: 8371: 8317: 8309: 8245: 8235: 8227: 8184: 8157: 8131: 8064:Nashik 7993: 7861: 7834: 7808: 7804:–141. 7578: 7524: 7487: 7483:: 50. 7460: 7416: 7388:161579 7386: 7339: 7282:Tokyo. 7154: 7127: 6990: 6748: 6565: 5845:Simuka 5836:Reign 5833:Ruler 5830:S. No 5808:Vishnu 5804:Matsya 5761:Matsya 5687:Vijaya 5677:Matsya 5555:Vishnu 5551:Matsya 5507:Vishnu 5381:Matsya 5340:Vishnu 5291:Vishnu 5208:Vishnu 5200:Matsya 5161:Vishnu 5149:Matsya 4914:Vishnu 4910:Matsya 4805:Matsya 4735:Vishnu 4731:Matsya 4645:Vishnu 4637:Matsya 4607:Simuka 4590:Vishnu 4576:Matsya 4554:Coins 4551:Ruler 4229:Simuka 4220:Reign 4217:Ruler 4156:Yaksha 3975:Bronze 3904:Samgha 3900:Nashik 3807:Ujjain 3803:stupas 3787:Telugu 3724:Telugu 3708:Ujjain 3610:Sanchi 3540:Telugu 3372:guilds 3327:nigama 3323:nagara 3296:aharas 3282:kumara 3202:Nashik 3186:Kalyan 3182:Sopara 3163:Junnar 3136:Mudgal 3124:Savadi 3029:Deccan 2977:SUNGAS 2968:EMPIRE 2955:PTOLE- 2944:SELEU- 2909:KANGJU 2900:YUEZHI 2890:DONGHU 2858:LOULAN 2847:Khotan 2758:Sargat 2739:GREEKS 2697:Chutus 2687:Guntur 2673:Nashik 2596:Deccan 2486:Nashik 2459:) and 2411:Nashik 2362:Yavana 2310:Konkan 2071:Sanchi 2059:Sanchi 2055:stupas 2044:Sanchi 1907:Sanchi 1815:Maurya 1792:Indica 1767:Simuka 1738:LOULAN 1729:CHERAS 1720:CHOLAS 1675:MITRAS 1664:GRECO- 1655:GREEKS 1504:Shakas 1477:vṛṣala 1464:, and 1458:Shudra 1266:Nevasa 1258:Sanchi 1202:). 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Satavahana dynasty

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