Satavahana dynasty

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dominion around 200BC. It is profusely decorated with carvings, and even pillars have a lotus capital crowned with sphinx-like mythic animals." Dhavalikar also writes that in Chankama "the panel occurring on the west pillar of Northern Gateway portrays a very important event in Buddha's life. It depicts votaries, two each on either side of what looks like a ladder which actually is the promenade which Buddha is supposed to have walked. It is said that Buddha, after attaining Enlightment, spent four weeks near the Bodhi tree. Of these, the third week he spent walking along the promenade (

2618:, the last person belonging to the main Satavahana dynastic line, briefly revived the Satavahana rule. According to S. N. Sen, he ruled during 170–199 CE. Charles Higham dates the end of his reign to 181 CE. His coins feature images of ships, which suggest naval and marine trade success. Wide distribution of his coins, and inscriptions at Nashik, Kanheri and Guntur indicate that his rule extended over both eastern and western parts of Deccan. He recovered much of the territory lost the Western Kshatrapas, and issued silver coinage, imitating them. During the last years of his reign, the 2153: 2126: 3876: 3628: 558: 3213: 3639: 2600: 4518:), as mentioned in the various Puranas, are given below. These names vary across different manuscripts of the same Puranas, and some names are missing in some of the manuscripts. The list given below for each Purana contains the most exhaustive version. In the Puranas, Krishna (IAST: Kṛṣṇa) is described as brother of the first king, who overthrew the Kanva king Susharman. All other kings are described as sons of their predecessors. The first king of the Andhra-Bhrityas is also known as Shudraka or Suraka in the 7650:"Looking at that one slab from Kanaganahalli (fig. 14), 40 in the upper panel, we see a king. We do not know exactly what the lower part showed because its large part is missing; in any case it is a male person of rank. The label of the inscription reads: rājā Siri Chimuko Sādavāhano nāgarāya Sakhadhābho (?). The inscription lets us believe that it is the historical person of Śrī Simuka founder of the Sātavāhana dynasty who is depicted here, and that he was portrayed on the slab together with a nāgarāja." in 6916:"Coins of a number of Satavahana rulers from Gautamiputra Satakarni onward have been discovered in large numbers in the Vidarbha region. However, no coin of any earlier king has been reported so far. The present coin is, therefore, the first coin of Sri-Satakarni to be reported from Vidarbha. Another potin coin of Sri-Satakarni has been recently discovered at Pauni 2. The discovery of these coins indicates for the first time the possibility of the rule of the early Satavahanas over the Vidarbha region." 2508: 4138: 567: 2016:

According to R. D. Banerji and Sailendra Nath Sen, Kharavela sent out an army against Satakarni. According to Bhagwal Lal, Satakarni wanted to avoid an invasion of his kingdom by Kharavela. So, he sent horses, elephants, chariots and men to Kharavela as a tribute. According to Sudhakar Chattopadhyaya, Kharavela's army diverted its course after failing to advance against Satakarni. According to Alain Daniélou, Kharavela was friendly with Satakarni, and only crossed his kingdom without any clashes.

3810: 1302: 4093: 4120: 2394:'s reign was ca. 60–85 CE, as it is evident from history that "Gautamiputra Saatakarni" in the year 78 CE defeated Vikramaditya of Ujjain, which in turn was celebrated and named "Yug Aadi" means Beginning of New Era (New Year for Andhra, Karnataka, Maharashtra (Gudi padwa), Telangana states). Ever since these states people followed Saatavaahana calendar. Andrew Ollett considers it as 60–84 CE. The king defeated by him appears to have been the Western Kshatrapa ruler 75: 2114: 8834:, p. 63: "...the panel occurring on the west pillar of Northern Gateway portrays a very important event in Buddha's life. It depicts votaries, two each on either side of what looks like a ladder which actually is the promenade which Buddha is supposed to have walked. It is said that Buddha, after attaining Enlightment, spent four weeks near the Bodhi tree. Of these, the third week he spent walking along the promenade (chankama) to and fro." 8822:, p. 57: "The Satavahana sculptures unfortunately has never been recognized as an independent school in spite of the fact it has its own distinctive characteristic features. The earliest in point of time is that in the Bhaja Vihara cave which marks the beginning of sculptural art in the Satavahana dominion around 200BC. It is profusely decorated with carvings, and even pillars have a lotus capital crowned with sphinx-like mythic animals." 946: 925: 2050:. He was succeeded by Lambodara. The coins of Lambodara's son and successor Apilaka have been found in eastern Madhya Pradesh. However, Andrew Ollett argues that there is only one Satakarni, as the alleged first Satakarni is assigned ten years, and the second, fifty years by other scholars, but the only dated inscription of this king is Candankheda seal from his reign's year 30, around 60 BCE, and he ruled ca. 88–42 BCE. 941: 4036:. There were two phases of artistic activity of Ajanta: the first occurring in the 2nd to 1st centuries BC, when Hinayana caves were excavated during Satavahana rule; the later in the second half of the 5th century under the Vakatakas. Vagaries of nature and some vandalism have taken a heavy toll on the Ajanta Caves. Only a few fragments related to the Satavahanas have survived in Caves No. 9 and 10, both of which are 1280: 2102: 4020:, Ghantasala, Amaravati Bhattiprolu, and Shri Parvatam. Caves IX and X, containing Ajanta paintings, were patronised by Satavahana, and the painting throughout the caves appear to have started with them. Ashokan Stupas were enlarged, the earlier bricks and wood works being replaced with stone works. The most famous of these monuments are the stupas, the most famous among them being the Amravati Stupa and the 9646: 9695: 3293:

ascetics would enjoy tax exemption and non-interference from the royal officials. The first inscription states that the grant was approved by Gautamiputra's minister Sivagupta on the king's verbal orders, and preserved by the "great lords". The second inscription records a grant by Gautamiputra and his mother, and mentions Syamaka as the minister of the Govardhana

6903:"Pauni : (Vidarbha) The latest site which contributed valuable numismatic evidence confirming, once and for all, ancient Vidarbha's early Satavahana affiliation is Pauni, in district Bhandara. Two seasons of joint excavation (1968-70) by the Nagpur University and the Archaeological Survey of India yielded reliable coin data from both the Stupa sites." in 3482:

the important trade routes. The merchants probably donated to the monasteries, because these sites facilitated trade by serving as rest houses, and possibly by directly participating in the trade. The monasteries appear to have been an important venue for displaying charitable donations, including the donations made to non-Buddhists (especially Brahmins).

1384:(Andhra servants) may imply two things, one being that the Andhras were originally servants of the Mauryas or the Sungas. The other one, as per some scholars is that the expression is taken to indicate the servants of some other Andhra rulers. These scholars also suggest Kannada origin for the Satavahanas meaning that the dynasty originated in present-day 1400:, was the homeland of the Satavahana family. However, Dr. Gopalchari challenged Sukthankar's theory by pointing out that not a single inscription of the early Satavahanas is found in Bellary District and that the only Satavahana inscription in Bellary District was that of Pulumavi, who belongs to the later-phase of Satavahana history. A stupa in 3933:), although from linguistic evidence it seems that the work now extant must have been re-edited in the succeeding century or two. Through this book, it was evident that agriculture was the main means of livelihood. Also many sorts of superstitions had prevailed. Additionally, Gunadhya, the minister of Hala, was the author of 2062:. It was heavily repaired under King Satakarni II. The gateways and the balustrade were built after 70 BCE, and appear to have been commissioned by the Satavahanas. An inscription on the Southern Gateway records that it was the work of Satakarni II's royal architect Ananda. An inscription records the gift of one of the top 1536:, some Buddhist and Jain texts, the dynasty's inscriptions and coins, and foreign (Greek and Roman) accounts that focus on trade. The information provided by these sources is not sufficient to reconstruct the dynasty's history with absolute certainty. As a result, there are multiple theories about the Satavahana chronology. 1214:, who identified Chimuka as a later ruler. P. V. P. Sastry also later changed his view and stated that the two kings were different. In addition to the Kotilinga find, a coin of the Satavahana prince Saktikumara, who was in the fourth generation of the founder, has been reported as a stratified find from the 1810:, and then, a revival of the Satavahana rule. According to one version of the theory Simuka succeeded the Mauryans. A variation of the theory is that Simuka was the person who restored the Satavahana rule by overthrowing the Kanvas; the compiler of the Puranas confused him with the founder of the dynasty. 1499:). Historian V. Sundara Rama Sastry argues that the interpretation of the term "eka-bamhana" as "the only Brahmana" does not make sense as the king was obviously not the only member of his varna: instead, he interprets the term as an epithet indicating that the king "excelled even the Brahmans". Historian 3948:

writes that "The Satavahana sculptures unfortunately has never been recognized as an independent school in spite of the fact it has its own distinctive characteristic features. The earliest in point of time is that in the Bhaja Vihara cave which marks the beginning of sculptural art in the Satavahana

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in the south. It is not clear if Gautamiputra had effective control over these claimed territories. In any case, historical evidence suggests that his control over these territories did not last long. Moreover, this realm was not continuous: many areas in this region remained under the control of the

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inscription of Gautamiputra's mother Gautami Balashri, dated to the 20th year after his death, records his achievements. The most liberal interpretation of the inscription suggests that his kingdom extended from the present-day Rajasthan in the north to Krishna river in the south, and from Saurashtra

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stated that the finding of the coins at Kotilingala give "a clear pointer to the region where we have to locate the original center of the Satavahana political authority." However, the coin samples from Kotlingala are small, and it is not certain if these coins were minted there or reached there from

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Apart from the two traditional views (long and short chronologies) there is another kind of analysis pointing out to a "Mid-Chronology", as it was already proposed by Dr. Dehejia and others, and particularly most recently by Shailendra Bhandare, who regards Satavahana's rule extended more than three

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Because of uncertainty regarding the establishment date of the Satavahana kingdom, it is difficult to give absolute dates for the reigns of the Satavahana kings. Therefore, many modern scholars do not assign absolute dates to the reigns of the historically attested Satavahana kings, and those who do

3498:" by some modern scholars, but this terminology can be considered correct only if the term "Prakrit" is defined broadly to include every Middle Indo-Aryan language that is "not exactly Sanskrit". The language of the inscriptions is actually closer to Sanskrit than to the literary Prakrit used in the 3354:

The exploitation of sites with mineral resources may have increased during the Satavahana period, leading to the emergence of new settlements in these areas. Such sites facilitated commerce and crafts (such as ceramic ware). The increased craft production during the Satavahana period is evident from

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Puranas called the Satavahana kings as Andhra, Andhra-bhṛtya, or Andhra-jatiya. Andhra is both a tribal and a territorial name, the latter territorial denotation of present Telugu lands came into usage only well after the Satavahana period had ended, which meant that the term Andhra represented only

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administrative model. C. Margabandhu theorised that the Satavahanas were called Andhras because they were natives of eastern Deccan (the Andhra region), although they first established their empire in western Deccan after having served as Mauryan subordinates. Himanshu Prabha Ray (1986) opposes this

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Bhandare regards Simuka to have ruled since around 160–150 BCE and that this date would still fit in well with Pargiter's 460 years to the Satavahanas, as it would fix the end of the dynasty around 300 CE, not too far from the mid-3rd century as consensus approximately lies. Regarding Siri Satakani

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contain chronology of Satavahana kings. However, there are inconsistencies among the various Puranas over the number of kings in the dynasty, the names of the kings, and the length of their rule. In addition, some of the kings listed in the Puranas are not attested via archaeological and numismatic

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mentions a king named "Satakani" or "Satakamini", who some identify with Satakarni I. The inscription describes dispatching of an army and Kharavela's threat to a city. Since the inscription is only partially legible, different scholars interpret the events described in the inscription differently.

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in Cave No. 10, but that, too, is only fragmentary. It is a painting of an elephant named Bodhisattva with six tusks, related to a mythological story. The human figures, both male and female, are typically Satavahanas, almost identical with their counterparts on the Sanchi Gateways so far as their

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The Satavahana coins give unique indications as to their chronology, language, and even facial features (curly hair, long ears and strong lips). They issued mainly lead and copper coins; their portrait-style silver coins were usually struck over coins of the Western Kshatrapa kings. The Satavahana

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Several coins carry titles or matronyms that were common to multiple rulers (e.g. Satavahana, Satakarni, and Pulumavi), so the number of rulers attested by coinage cannot be determined with certainty. The names of 16 to 20 rulers appear on the various coins. Some of these rulers appear to be local

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inscriptions are available from the Satavahana period, but most of these record donations to Buddhist institutions by individuals, and do not provide much information about the dynasty. The inscriptions issued by the Satavahana royals themselves also primarily concern religious donations, although

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However, Carla M. Sinopoli notes that although there are some records of donations to the Buddhist monasteries by the Satavahana royals, the vast majority of the donations were made by the non-royals. The most common among these donors were merchants, and many of the monasteries were located along

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According to Sastri, "the Satavahanas were described as 'lords of the three oceans' and promoted overseas colonization and trade. Under them, Buddhist art attained the superb forms of beauty and elegance preserved to this day in the cave-temples of western India and the survivals from the stupa of

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The inscriptions of Gautamiputra Satakarni suggest the existence of a bureaucratic structure, although it is not certain how stable and effective this structure was. For example, two inscriptions from Nashik Cave 11 record donations of agricultural land to ascetic communities. They state that the

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Most modern scholars believe that the Satavahana ruler began in the first century BCE and lasted until the second century CE. This theory is based on Puranic records as well as archaeological and numismatic evidence. The theory that dates their rule to an earlier period is now largely discredited

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village of Karnataka, dated between the first century BCE and first century CE, features limestone panels depicting portraits of Chimuka (Simuka), Satakani (Satakarni) and other Satavahana rulers. As per historian Parmanand Gupta, in the medieval times, Srisailam region or the Sriparvata area was

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state that the first king of the dynasty ruled for 23 years, and mention his name variously as Sishuka, Sindhuka, Chhismaka, Shipraka, etc. These are believed to be corrupted spellings of Simuka, resulting from copying and re-copying of manuscripts. Simuka cannot be dated with certainty based on

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also mentions that there were 30 Andhra kings, but its various manuscripts name only 17, 18, and 19 kings respectively; the reigns add up to 272.5, 300, and 411 years respectively. Many of these kings are not attested by historical evidence. On the other hand, some Satavahana kings attested by

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ruled ca. 85–125 CE, and Andrew Ollett considers it to be ca. 84–119 CE. Pulumavi features in a large number of Satavahana inscriptions and his coins have been found distributed over a wide area. This indicates that he maintained Gautamiputra's territory, and ruled a prosperous kingdom. He is

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of present Karnataka in the south who was none other than his own son. Pai identifies this prince Vilivaya-kura as another form of Vilivaya Kumara (meaning the son of Vilivaya), and he goes on to prove that Vilivaya is indeed merely another rendering of Pulumayi which was transformed as per

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Satavahana coins have been discovered in the Deccan region; a few gold and silver coins are also available. These coins do not feature uniform design or size, and suggest that multiple minting locations existed within the Satavahana territory, leading to regional differences in coinage.

1788:(350 – 290 BCE) mentions a powerful tribe named "Andarae", whose king maintained an army of 100,000 infantry, 2,000 cavalry and 1,000 elephants. If Andarae is identified with the Andhras, this can be considered additional evidence of Satavahana rule starting in the 3rd century BCE. The 4177:

According to the second (and more widely accepted) category of reconstructions, the Satavahana rule started in around first century BCE. The chronologies in this category contain a smaller number of kings, and combine Puranic records with archaeological, numismatic and textual

3984:. Numerous articles obtained from there were Indian but also reflected Roman and Italian influence. A small statue of Poseidon, wine jugs, and a plaque depicting Perseus and Andromeda were also obtained from the house from where the objects were found. The fine elephant in the 2630:

After Yajna Satakarni, the dynasty was soon extinguished following the rise of its feudatories, perhaps on account of a decline in central power. On the other hand, the Western Satraps would continue to prosper for the next two centuries, until their extinction by the

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During the Satavahana period, several large settlements emerged in the fertile areas, especially along the major rivers. The amount of land under agricultural use also expanded significantly, as a result of forest clearance and construction of irrigation reservoirs.

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During the last years of his reign, his administration was apparently handled by his mother, which could have been a result of an illness or military preoccupation. According to the Nasik inscription made by his mother Gautami Balashri, he was the one ...

1253:, located to the north of Maharashtra. The majority of the other Satavahana inscriptions have also been found in western Deccan. On the other hand, the epigraphic evidence from eastern Deccan does not mention the Satavahanas before the 4th century CE. At 3535:

than it is now was the mother tongue of the common people". Later Satavahana kings like Gauthamiputra Satakarni, Vastistiputra pulamovi and Yajna Satakarni had their names in two languages i.e.; Prakrit and Desi (possibly Old Tamil), a native language.

1266:(modern Paithan, Maharashtra) and then expanded their territory to eastern Deccan. Carla Sinopoli cautions that the inference about the western Deccan origin of the Satavahanas is "tentative at best" given the small sample of early inscriptions. 1487:

interprets the term as "unique Brahmana", and notes that the inscription also describes Gautamiputra as "the destroyer of the pride and conceit of Kshatriyas", which according to him strongly suggests that Gautamiputra claimed to be a Brahmana.

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According to Gunadya, besides Sanskrit and Prakrit there is another language called 'Desi' which may mean the native language or the language of common man. Commenting on the Desi language Dr.D.C.Sircar remarks "It was apparently Early

2209: 802:. Most modern scholars believe that the Satavahana rule began in the late second century BCE and lasted until the early third century CE, although some assign the beginning of their rule to as early as the 3rd century BCE based on the 1195:

in Telangana, coins bearing the legend "Rano Siri Chimuka Satavahanasa" were found. Epigraphist and numismatist P. V. P. Sastry initially identified Chimuka with the dynasty's founder Simuka, Coins attributed to Simuka's successors

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Nakanishi, Maiko, and Oskar von Hinuber, (2014). Kanaganahalli Inscriptions (Supplement to the Annual Report of the International Research Institute for Advanced Buddhology at Soka University for the Academic Year 2013, Vol. 17.,

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named after the governors appointed to rule them (e.g. Govardhanahara, Mamalahara, Satavanihara and Kapurahara). This suggests that the Satavahanas attempted to build a formal administrative and revenue collection structure.

8093:""The different branches of the Satavahana family, which ruled in different parts of the kingdom after the decline in central authority, were soon ousted by new powers some of which were probably feudatories at the outset." 7626: 1376:, the writers of the Puranas (which could have been written after the Satavahana period) mistook the Satavahana presence in eastern Deccan as evidence for their origin in that region, and wrongly labelled them as "Andhra". 6934:"The bas-relief at Pauni or Bharhut in India, which dates back to about the second century B.C., represents a vacant throne protected by a naga with many heads. It also bears an inscription of the Naga Mucalinda (Fig. 3)" 2635:. Yajna Sri was succeeded by Madhariputra Swami Isvarasena. The next king Vijaya ruled for 6 years. His son Vasishthiputra Sri Chadha Satakarni ruled for 10 years. Pulumavi IV, the last king of the main line, ruled until 2486:(or Pulumayi). According to Sailendra Nath Sen, Pulumavi ruled from 96 to 119 CE. According to Charles Higham, he ascended the throne around 110 CE, according to Shailendra Bhandare, Akira Shimada, and Oskar von Hinuber 1204:

were also discovered at Kotilingala. Based on these discoveries, historians such as Ajay Mitra Shastri, D. R. Reddy, S. Reddy, and Shankar R. Goyal theorised that Kotlingala was the original home of the Satavahanas.

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According to the first one, 30 Satavahana kings ruled for around 450 years, starting from Simuka's rule immediately after the fall of the Mauryan empire. This view relies heavily on the Puranas, and is now largely

3590:, has been found. It records Nayanika's lineage and mentions the Vedic sacrifices performed by the royal family. Another inscription at Naneghat comprises names of Satavahana royals, appearing as labels over their 2194: 3833: 3346:

The Satavahanas participated in (and benefited from) economic expansion through intensification of agriculture, increased production of other commodities, and trade within and beyond the Indian subcontinent.

2523:. According to S. N. Sen he ruled during 120–149 CE; according to Charles Higham, his regnal years spanned 138–145 CE. He entered into a marriage alliance with the Western Satraps, marrying the daughter of 1261:

in Maharashtra (besides places in eastern Deccan and present-day Madhya Pradesh). Based on this evidence, some historians argue that the Satavahanas initially came to power in the area around their capital

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A number of Buddhist monastic sites emerged in the Deccan region during the Satavahana period. However, the exact relations between these monasteries and the Satavahana government is not clear. The

1225:). All four extant inscriptions from the early Satavahana period (c. 1st century BCE) have been found in and around this region. One of the earliest known Satavahana inscriptions was that found at 1120:

during his Himalayan campaign. The direct translation of the term Nurruvar Kannar is "the hundred Karnas" or "Satakarni"; Nurruvar Kannar has therefore been identified with the Satavahana dynasty.

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inscription of Rudradaman I states that he defeated Satakarni, the lord of Dakshinapatha (Deccan), twice. It also states that he spared the life of the defeated ruler because of close relations:

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available evidence. Based on the following theories, the beginning of the Satavahana rule is dated variously from 271 BCE to 30 BCE. According to the Puranas, the first Andhra king overthrew the

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status, although they also made generous donations to Buddhist monasteries. The lay people in the Satavahana period perhaps generally did not exclusively support a particular religious group .

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Several Satavahana-era inscriptions record grants to religious monasteries. The settlements most frequently mentioned as the residences of donors in these inscriptions include the sea ports of

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ascribes a mythical etymology in which a widowed, childless king named Deepakarni was prophesied to find a lion-riding child as his heir. During a jungle hunt, he found such a child riding a

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The date and place of origin of the Satavahanas, as well as the meaning of the dynasty's name, are a matter of debate among historians. Some of these debates have happened in the context of

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mentions that the Andhra dynasty ruled for around 450 years. As the Satavahana rule ended in the early 3rd century, the beginning of their rule can be dated to the 3rd century BCE. The

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theory, stating that the Andhra was originally an ethnic term, and did not come to denote the geographical region of eastern Deccan until well after the Satavahana period. According to

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On the other hand, based to a large degree on Shailendra Bhandare's work, with slight corrections, Andrew Ollett (2017) mentions the following reigns for the whole Satavahana dynasty:

13692: 1245:; another inscription found at Naneghat has been dated to the same period on a paleographic basis. A slightly later inscription dated to the reign of Satakarni II has been found at 1218:

of Andhra Pradesh. As for the Puranas, these texts could have been compiled at a later date and it is not certain if the Satavahanas were referred to as Andhras during their time.

3074:) was ruling from his capital Paithan in the north (reign c. 85-125 CE), another Satavahana prince called Baleokouros or Baleokoura (Vilivayakura) was ruling from Hippokoura ( 2167: 12585: 10530: 3134:

The Satavahana capital kept shifting with time. The Nashik inscription describes Gautamiputra as the lord of Benakataka, suggesting that this was the name of his capital.

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somewhere else. Moreover, the identification of Chimuka of Kotilingala with the dynasty's founder Simuka has been contested by several scholars including P. L. Gupta and

3451:(fire ceremony). The inscription also records substantial fees paid to Brahmin priests and attendees for these sacrifices. For example, 10,001 cows were granted for the 1524:, theorize that the Satavahanas were originally non-Brahmanas who started claiming Brahmana status after establishing matrimonial relations with some Brahmana families. 512: 498: 484: 470: 456: 442: 417: 403: 3848: 3809: 1380:

the Andhra tribe (who had originated in North India along the Yamuna river banks as per Rigveda) and not the present Andhra region or its Telugu people. The term

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who was ruling from Huvina Hipparagi in present Karnataka. Pai identifies all the 10 cities mentioned by Ptolemy as lying between the river Benda (or Binda) or

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in Maharashtri Prakrit. Like Hala, his four successors also ruled for very short periods (a total of 12 years), indicating troubled times for the Satavahanas.

8439: 3601:. It states that the element was donated by Ananda, who was the son of Siri Satakarni's foreman of artisans. This inscription is probably from the reign of 8072:

von Hinuber, Oskar, (2016). "Buddhist Texts and Buddhist Images: New Evidence from Kanaganahalli (Karnataka/India)", ARIRIAB Vol. XIX (March 2016), p. 15.

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von Hinuber, Oskar, (2016). "Buddhist Texts and Buddhist Images: New Evidence from Kanaganahalli (Karnataka/India)", ARIRIAB Vol. XIX (March 2016), p. 16.

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portraits. The portraits are now completely eroded, but the inscription is believed to be contemporary to Nayanika's inscription on a paleographic basis.

9885: 1495:, and the Satavahanas could not have been Brahmanas because the same inscription also describes Gautamiputra as the one who stopped admixture of varnas ( 880:

struck with images of their rulers. They formed a cultural bridge and played a vital role in trade and the transfer of ideas and culture to and from the

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The Satavahanas also issued bilingual coins featuring Middle Indo-Aryan language on one side, and Desi language (possibly Old Tamil) on the other side.

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As a result of his victories, Rudradaman regained all the former territories previously held by Nahapana, except for the extreme south territories of

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mentions two important Satavahana trade centres: Pratishthana and Tagara. Other important urban centres included Kondapur, Banavasi and Madhavpur.

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era, the Satavahanas established peace in the Deccan region and resisted the onslaught of foreign invaders. In particular their struggles with the

4137: 12619: 12525: 10515: 6629: 2179: 3993: 1744: 13627: 1257:, a seal and coins attributed to Kanha have been discovered. Coins attributed to Satakarni I have also been discovered at Nashik, Nevasa, and 12535: 10475: 8044: 3880: 2466: 2280:

Little is known about Apilaka's successors, except cryptic references to one Kuntala Satakarni. The next well-known ruler of the dynasty was

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The Satavahana paintings are the earliest surviving specimens—excluding prehistoric rock art—in India, and they are to be found only at the

2709: 1547: 68: 2341: 2538:"Rudradaman (...) who obtained good report because he, in spite of having twice in fair fight completely defeated Satakarni, the lord of 1914:

The inscription appears on the relief of a stupa at the center of the top architrave, at the rear. It is written in three lines in early

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states that 30 Andhra kings ruled for 460 years, but some of its manuscripts name only 19 kings whose reigns add up to 448.5 years. The

2390:. S. Nagaraju dates it 106–130 CE, the new consensus is shared by Shailendra Bhandare, Akira Shimada, and Oskar von Hinuber, who regard 10578: 7421: 1802:

go to the Andhras". Based on this statement, the proponents of this theory argue that the Satavahana rule began immediately after the

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rule. He is named as Balipuccha in some texts. D. C. Sircar dated this event to c. 30 BCE, a theory supported by many other scholars.

1520:(whom some modern scholars identify as a Satavahana king) as of mixed Brahmana and Naga origin. Based on this, some scholars, such as 10535: 9078:

Shimada, Akira, (2012). Early Buddhist Architecture in Context: The Great Stupa at Amaravati (ca 300 BCE - 300 CE), Brill. pp. 51-52.

8870: 6702:"CNG: eAuction 417. INDIA, Post-Mauryan (Deccan). Satavahanas (Andhras). Śri Satakarṇi. Circa 70-60 BC. BI Karshapana (19mm, 3.44 g)" 4119: 3980:

Several metal figurines are found that could be attributed to the Satavahanas. A hoard of unique bronze objects were also found from

3366:

The Satavahanas controlled the Indian sea coast, and as a result, they dominated the growing Indian trade with the Roman Empire. The

2715: 3252:

Maharathis, hereditary lords who could grant villages in their own names and maintained matrimonial relations with the ruling family

2491:

believed to have added the Bellary region to Satakarni's kingdom. His coins featuring ships with double mast have been found on the

1131:-turned-lion named Sāta. After adoption, the child became the king eventually and came to be known as Sātavāhana or Sāta-supported. 4048:

physiognomy, costumes, and jewellery are concerned. The only difference is that the Sanchi figures have shed some of their weight.

3005: 1908: 8645: 12894: 12852: 9878: 8063:

Shimada, Akira, (2012). Early Buddhist Architecture in Context: The Great Stupa at Amaravati (ca 300 BCE - 300 CE), Brill, p. 52.

8010:

Shimada, Akira, (2012). Early Buddhist Architecture in Context: The Great Stupa at Amaravati (ca 300 BCE - 300 CE), Brill, p. 51.

6387:

centuries (c. 150 BCE to 250 CE) with the flourish of trans-national trade, urbanism and monumental architecture in South India.

1388:, and initially owed allegiance to some Andhra rulers. A Satavahana inscription found on a slab of the upper drum (medhi) of the 13697: 12646: 1888: 9628: 9567: 9546: 9525: 9504: 9448: 9407: 9388: 9308: 9187: 9142: 8777: 8174: 8147: 8121: 8001:

Bhandare, Shailendra, (1999). Historical Analysis of the Satavahana Era: A study of Coins, University of Mumbai, pp. 168-178.

7798: 7393:

V. Sundara Rama Sastry (1990). "Social Significance of Metronymic Epithets in Early Indian Ruling Dynasties : A Study".

7329: 6738: 4166:

evidence. Similarly, there are some kings known from coins and inscriptions, whose names are not found in the Puranic lists.

3326:

Amaravati, Goli, Nagarjunikonda". This tradition was followed by successors of Satavahana in the eastern and western Deccan.

3891:. This cave was probably started during the reign of Gautamiputra Satakarni, and was finished and dedicated to the Buddhist 3739:

The Satavahanas were the earliest Indian rulers to issue their own coins with portraits of their rulers, starting with king

3384: 697: 3087:

rules, the spoken form of this language during that period, and due to common parlance. Thus, Vilivayakura means a son of

12612: 12345: 10421: 9923: 9059:'Felicitas': Essay in Numismatics, Epigraphy and History in Honour of Joe Cribb, Eds. Shailendra Bhandare and Sanjay Garg 6603: 2588: 1096:

use the name "Andhra" for the Satavahanas. The term "Andhra" may refer to the ethnicity or territory of the dynasty (see

835: 244: 4092: 2309:

is known to have ruled the former Satavahana territory, as attested by the inscriptions of his governor and son-in-law,

13702: 9871: 9674: 7144: 2301:

coastal plains, and the mountain passes connecting these two regions. During 15–40 CE, their northern neighbours – the

7464:

B. S. L. Hanumantha Rao (1992). "Address of the Sectional President: Religion, Politics and Society in Early Deccan".

2152: 1038:

is drawn by seven horses). This would indicate that the Satavahanas originally claimed association with the legendary

12639: 10822: 9600: 9483: 9427: 9258: 9120: 8880: 8804: 8695: 8607: 8532: 8361: 7983: 7851: 7824: 7514: 7117: 6980: 3158:

theorised that the original Satavahana capital was located at Junnar, but had to be moved to Pratishthana because of

1821:

Great Stupa mentioning year 16 of Vasisthiputra Sri Chimuka Satavahana's reign, which can be dated from ca. 110 BCE.

1814:

because the various Puranas contradict each other, and are not fully supported by epigraphic or numismatic evidence.

1057:

Another theory connects their name to the earlier Satiyaputa dynasty. Yet another theory derives their name from the

10811: 8110:

Coatsworth, John; Cole, Juan; Hanagan, Michael P.; Perdue, Peter C.; Tilly, Charles; Tilly, Louise (16 March 2015).

8794: 2140: 1180: 3431:

inscription of Nayanika, recorded on the walls of a cave, mentions that her husband Satakarni I performed several

3282:

appears to have been the largest geographical subdivision of the Satavahana polity. Several inscriptions refer to

13712: 1392:

mahastupa mentions year 16 of Vasisthiputra Sri Chimuka Satavahana's reign, which can be dated from ca. 110 BCE.

3204:, and Vadgaon-Madhavpur. The ones in eastern Deccan include Amaravati, Dhulikatta, Kotalingala and Peddabankur. 2572:

believe that the defeated ruler was Vashishtiputra's successor Shivaskanda or Shiva Sri Pulumayi (or Pulumavi).

1491:

The critics of this theory point out that Gautamiputra's family had matrimonial relations with the non-Brahmana

1396:

theorised that the territorial division Satavahani-Satahani (Satavahanihara or Satahani-rattha), in present-day

1333:"Under King Kanha of the Satavahana family this cave has been caused to be made by the officer in charge of the 13491: 12844: 12605: 10854: 10612: 10571: 7568: 6555: 3368: 2569: 212: 3342:, testimony to the naval, seafaring and trading capabilities of the Satavahanas during the 1st–2nd century CE. 2321: 13717: 13707: 12430: 7904: 3300: 3242:. Their government was less top-heavy than that of the Mauryans, and featured several levels of feudatories: 217: 7878: 7319: 2125: 13347: 12961: 12784: 10939: 10550: 10414: 10213: 6519: 3334: 2499:

was perhaps renovated during his reign. though recent scholarship tends to spread the dates of this wider.

2003:. Instead of the Buddhists, he patronised Brahmins and donated a substantial amount of wealth to them. The 1433:

region indicated to be the original homeland of the Satavahanas as per another historian V. S. Sukthankar.

9440:

Political History of Ancient India: From the Accession of Parikshit to the Extinction of the Gupta Dynasty

7437:

P. Krishna Mohan Reddy (1998). "God, Trade and Worship: A Glimpse into the Religion of Early Āndhradeśa".

13687: 12540: 12410: 9720: 9650: 7558: 6545: 3491: 2008: 1073:". Several rulers of the dynasty bear the name or title "Satakarni". Satavahana, Satakarni, Satakani and 806:, but uncorroborated by archaeological evidence. The Satavahana kingdom mainly comprised the present-day 13466: 8627:"The Sātavāhana issues are uniscriptural, Brahmi but bilingual, Prākrit and Old Tamil/Proto-Telugu." in 7654:"The Buddha's Relics and the Nāgas an Attempt to Throw Light on Some Depictions in the Amaravati School" 12590: 10455: 9989: 9959: 9933: 9725: 9592: 9152: 9130: 7953: 7107: 6255: 5853: 4648: 4331: 4230: 3945: 3405: 3339: 2487: 2483: 2251: 2091: 1964: 1308: 1286: 1197: 1078: 870: 586: 6399:

Bhandare also suggests the following sequence of reigns, based on his analysis of Satavahana coinage:

1311:

in cave No.19, Nasik Caves. This is one of the oldest known Satavahana inscription, circa 100–70 BCE.

12766: 12560: 12520: 12510: 11985: 11579: 10928: 10800: 10564: 10540: 10470: 10465: 10011: 9903: 9682: 9005: 3471: 3432: 1393: 6391:

and his wife Naganika, Bhandhare considers their rule to have been somewhere around 110 +/- 20 BCE.

3523:

probably refers to Gautamiputra Shri Satakarni, one of whose coins also features a Sanskrit legend.

13429: 13167: 13083: 12927: 12880: 12790: 12662: 12445: 11359: 11199: 10402: 10187: 9620: 7353:

Arguments are put forth trying to prove differently that they were Sudras, Kshatriyas and Brahmins.

6276: 5547: 4500: 4344: 2520: 2512: 1898:

was, according to an inscription (see arrow), donated under the rule of "King Satakarni", probably

1484: 1348: 1221:

Another section of scholars believe that the Satavahanas originated in western Deccan (present-day

1164: 690: 646: 7814: 830:. The dynasty had different capital cities at different times, including Kotalingala (Telangana), 13629:

Hinduism. In: Joseph Kitagawa, "The Religious Traditions of Asia: Religion, History, and Culture"

13487: 12550: 12515: 12350: 12130: 11679: 11231: 11160: 10545: 10460: 10248: 10037: 6514: 5506: 3896: 3645: 3088: 3071: 2657:

Northern part, ruled by a collateral branch of the Satavahanas (which ended in early 4th century)

2565: 2293:

Epigraphic and numismatic evidence suggests that the Satavahanas earlier controlled the northern

2004: 1662: 1575: 636: 154: 92: 3968: 3747:

he defeated. The Western Satraps themselves had been following the features of the coins of the

3299:. It states that the charter was approved by a woman named Lota, who according to archaeologist 2619: 1171:

The use of the names "Andhra" and "Andhra-Jatiya" in the Puranas has led some scholars, such as

12465: 12440: 12390: 12330: 11915: 11851: 11649: 10865: 10740: 10277: 9458: 5457: 4318: 3790:

coins also display various traditional symbols, such as elephants, lions, horses and chaityas (

3740: 3715:), and the Dravidian script, essentially similar to the Brahmi script (starting at 12 o'clock): 3597:

The next oldest Satavahana-era inscription appears on a sculpted gateway element of Stupa 1 at

3552: 3051: 2391: 2376: 2334: 1480: 1226: 1043: 897: 866: 626: 9578: 9557: 9473: 9298: 9248: 9009: 8765: 8597: 8192:"Integrating Linguistic, Archaeological and Genetic Perspectives Unfold the Origin of Ugrians" 8164: 8111: 7841: 7790: 7751: 3956:

Along with some of the above major Satavahana sculptures some more sculptures existed—namely,

3376:

was the site of an important pass that linked the Satavahana capital Pratishthana to the sea.

2615: 1817:

The oldest Satavahana inscription is the one found on a slab of the upper drum (medhi) of the

13249: 13133: 13104: 13004: 12500: 12470: 12335: 12290: 12120: 11759: 11749: 11719: 11451: 11431: 11292: 10661: 10623: 10505: 10490: 10480: 10369: 9847: 9772: 9536: 9106: 8989: 8687: 8351: 8137: 7973: 7134: 6296: 6235: 5596: 4368: 4079: 2653:

After the death of Pulumavi IV, the Satavahana empire fragmented into five smaller kingdoms:

656: 183: 1483:, have interpreted the term as "sole Brahmana", and argued that Satavahanas were Brahmanas. 12580: 12435: 12420: 12365: 12006: 9686: 8113:

Global Connections: Volume 1, To 1500: Politics, Exchange, and Social Life in World History

7258:

Poonacha, K.P., (2013). Excavations at Kanaganahalli, Archaeological Survey of India, Delhi

5810:

S. Nagaraju relies on the Puranic lists of 30 kings, and gives the following regnal dates:

3519:

metre to describe a deceased king (probably Gautamiputra). A Sanskrit inscription found at

3511:

in political inscriptions, but rarely. A fragmentary inscription found close to the Nashik

2557: 2275: 1780: 1521: 557: 7902:

Original text "L1: Rano Siri Satakarnisa L2: avesanisa Vasithiputasa L3: Anamdasa danam",

3627: 2379:, who is considered the greatest of the Satavahana rulers. Charles Higham dates his reign 2035:, in which he is credited with the building of the decorated gateways around the original 1967:(also known as Krishna), who extended the kingdom up to Nashik in the west. His successor 8: 13512: 13450: 12902: 12697: 12360: 12088: 11935: 11629: 11609: 11021: 10969: 10310: 10230: 10219: 10093: 10081: 9827: 9767: 9335:

Pradhan, Shruti S. (1994). "FROM THE SĀTAVĀHANAS TO THE ANDHRAS AND THE ANDHRA-BHRTYAS".

9112: 6660: 6509: 6309: 5631: 4381: 4191: 3704: 3455:

sacrifice; and 24,400 coins were granted for another sacrifice, whose name is not clear.

3079: 2604: 881: 683: 666: 8226: 8191: 3547: 2398:, as suggested by Nahapana's coins overstuck with names and titles of Gautamiputra. The 13261: 13032: 12565: 12425: 12405: 12050: 11659: 11569: 11339: 11329: 11262: 10917: 10833: 10017: 9377: 9352: 9323: 9285: 9164: 8746: 8303: 7747: 7473: 7446: 7402: 4488:

numismatic evidence (such as Rudra Satakarni) are not mentioned in the Puranas at all.

3767: 3744: 3700: 3653: 3212: 2867: 2074:

Gift of Ananda, the son of Vasithi, the foreman of the artisans of rajan Siri Satakarni

1988: 1471:

The Nashik inscription of Gautami Balashri describes her son Gautamiputra Satakarni as

1206: 435: 7678: 4491:

Different scholars have explained these anomalies in different ways. Scholars such as

3638: 2113: 13500: 13496: 13454: 13443: 13421: 13389: 13375: 13060: 12575: 12545: 12455: 12450: 12395: 12340: 12170: 12060: 12039: 11995: 11965: 11669: 11599: 11589: 11559: 11041: 11003: 10883: 10635: 10500: 10495: 10427: 10375: 10225: 10155: 9948: 9842: 9782: 9624: 9596: 9563: 9559:

A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India: From the Stone Age to the 12th Century

9542: 9521: 9500: 9479: 9444: 9423: 9403: 9384: 9344: 9304: 9277: 9254: 9214: 9183: 9138: 9116: 8876: 8800: 8773: 8691: 8680: 8603: 8538: 8528: 8357: 8295: 8231: 8213: 8170: 8143: 8117: 7979: 7847: 7820: 7794: 7783: 7564: 7510: 7372: 7325: 7140: 7113: 6976: 6734: 6551: 4267: 4098: 3926: 3875: 3159: 2302: 1512: 9327: 4194:

provides the following chronology, based on archaeological and numismatic evidence:

4169:

The reconstructions of the Satavahana kings by historians fall into two categories:

4016:

in Amravati (95 feet high). They also constructed a large number of stupas at Goli,

2599: 1825:𑀭𑀸𑀜𑁄 𑀲𑀺𑀭𑀺 𑀙𑀺𑀫𑀼𑀓 𑀲𑀸𑀢𑀯𑀸𑀳𑀦𑀲 𑀲𑁄𑀟𑁂 𑀯𑀙𑀭𑁂 𑁛𑁗 𑀫𑀸𑀢𑀺𑀲𑁂𑀓 1179:, to believe that the dynasty originated in the eastern Deccan region (the historic 13385: 13370: 13366: 13319: 13315: 13275: 13241: 13237: 13056: 12570: 12505: 12475: 12460: 12415: 12400: 12385: 12355: 12250: 11945: 11729: 11639: 11518: 11508: 11461: 11390: 11369: 10959: 10949: 10788: 10723: 10520: 10316: 10201: 10195: 10087: 9912: 9822: 9817: 9812: 9807: 9235: 9206: 8736: 8221: 8203: 8048: 6701: 6504: 4557: 4550: 4492: 3985: 3884: 3568:

some of them provide some information about the rulers and the imperial structure.

3478:, and had an administrative department dedicated to the welfare of Buddhist monks. 3462:

inscription issued during the reign of Kanha states that the cave was excavated by

3459: 3201: 3155: 3108: 3075: 2942: 2790: 2671: 2642:. During his reign, several Buddhist monuments were constructed at sites including 2553: 2492: 2470: 1845:

On another stone slab at Kanaganahalli, the king is possibly shown together with a

1790: 1500: 1442: 1430: 1397: 1237:, which was issued during the reign of Kanha (100–70 BCE). An inscription found at 1230: 1215: 1176: 1124: 1104: 717: 477: 143: 9239: 2058:

The Satavahanas contributed greatly to the embellishment of the Buddhist stupa of

1758:

is mentioned as the first king in a list of royals in a Satavahana inscription at

13623: 13504: 13462: 13458: 13425: 13397: 13393: 13339: 13245: 13177: 13139: 12945: 12028: 12017: 11975: 11955: 11873: 11840: 11421: 11349: 11309: 11221: 11181: 11143: 11061: 10287: 10271: 10242: 10122: 9852: 9837: 9802: 9777: 9757: 9614: 9582: 9515: 9494: 9462: 9438: 9417: 9400:

History and Culture of Andhra pradesh: From the Earliest Times to the Present Day

9365: 9177: 8960: 8667:. Institute of Epigraphy, Tamilnadu State Department of Archaeology. p. 132. 8662: 8629: 7752:"The Hâtigumphâ and three other inscriptions in the Udayagiri caves near Cuttack" 7504: 7366: 7346: 6970: 6936: 6919: 4148: 4129: 4083: 4078:. The stupas were decorated in marble slabs and sculpted with subjects including 4071: 4057: 4009: 4005: 3855: 3775: 3712: 3528: 3404:

in the Satavahana realm in the first half of the 1st century CE. It testifies to

3389: 3304: 3100: 3059: 2953: 2931: 2695: 2679: 2675: 2647: 2496: 2437: 2346: 2269: 2101: 1992: 1698: 1651: 1631: 1507: 1492: 1234: 1058: 1031: 968: 862: 491: 449: 336: 194: 163: 4043:

The most important surviving painting of the Satavahana period at Ajanta is the

3474:

ascetics). Based on this, Sudhakar Chattopadhyaya concludes that Kanha favoured

13359: 13232: 13129: 12730: 12238: 12190: 11884: 11862: 11830: 11808: 11769: 11699: 11689: 11549: 11282: 11092: 10594: 10510: 10363: 10304: 10292: 10282: 10263: 10207: 10135: 10064: 9762: 9704: 8741: 8724: 4075: 4021: 3989: 3973: 3840: 3771: 3708: 3532: 3397: 3200:

Other important Satavahana sites in western Deccan include Govardhana, Nevasa,

3146:) as the capital of Pulumavi. At other times, the Satavahana capitals included 3067: 3041: 3021: 3017: 2845: 2832: 2744: 2665: 2643: 2608: 2584: 2507: 2453: 2354: 2294: 2036: 1725: 1368: 1250: 1184: 1108: 905: 854: 823: 807: 566: 505: 112: 12779: 10042: 4012:

represent the architectural development of the Satavahana periods. They built

873:. The kingdom had fragmented into smaller states by the early 3rd century CE. 13681: 13508: 13311: 13271: 13172: 13155: 13108: 13093: 13079: 13052: 13048: 13008: 12993: 12982: 12934: 12160: 12100: 11925: 11319: 11272: 11252: 11126: 11109: 11071: 11051: 10986: 10770: 10760: 10750: 10693: 10349: 10337: 10160: 10147: 10141: 10107: 9832: 9787: 9700: 9610: 9348: 9281: 9218: 9210: 8542: 8299: 8217: 4578: 4564: 4524: 4477: 4067: 4037: 3921: 3779: 3675: 3564: 3500: 3231: 3221: 3112: 2876: 2854: 2810: 2755: 2685: 2539: 2417: 2358: 2310: 2286: 2028: 1976: 1915: 1818: 1768: 1716: 1707: 1401: 1389: 1373: 1367:(officer-in-charge), which indicates that the early Satavahanas followed the 1312: 1113: 1039: 991: 850: 796: 463: 422: 408: 203: 134: 9656: 9025: 8770:

Religion and Public Culture: Encounters and Identities in Modern South India

6938:

SPAFA Digest: Journal Of SEAMEO Project in Archaeology and Fine Arts (SPAFA)

1445:

of the dynasty is debated by modern scholars, who have variously argued for

1301: 865:) went on for a long time. The dynasty reached its zenith under the rule of 35: 13227: 13100: 13000: 12870: 12808: 12773: 12755: 12747: 12691: 12631: 12280: 12270: 12150: 12140: 12070: 11905: 11895: 11779: 11709: 11491: 11411: 11031: 10895: 10843: 10711: 10355: 10297: 10172: 10099: 10054: 10031: 10025: 9226:

Fynes, R.C.C. (1995). "The Religious Patronage of the Satavahana Dynasty".

8235: 5930: 4804: 4496: 4256: 4125: 4063: 4033: 4017: 3602: 3139: 2964: 2632: 2561: 2524: 2305:– extended their influence into these regions. The Western Kshatrapa ruler 2020: 1954: 1899: 1263: 1172: 831: 606: 240: 9585:; D'Altroy, Terence N.; Morrison, Kathleen D.; Sinopoli, Carla M. (eds.). 9055:"Linking the Past: Overstruck Coins and the Chronology of the Satavahanas" 8522: 8208: 7376: 3762:

The coin legends of the Satavahanas, in all areas and all periods, used a

1017: 978: 972: 962: 774: 13648:

The Origins of Yoga and Tantra. Indic Religions to the Thirteenth Century

13416: 13409: 13292: 13266: 13074: 13044: 12705: 12300: 12260: 12220: 11619: 11481: 11471: 10408: 10381: 10235: 9857: 7274: 4685: 4571: 4483: 4243: 3934: 3916: 3820: 3766:

dialect without exception. In addition, some reverse coin legends are in

3587: 3572: 3556: 3356: 3186: 3185:. The most frequently mentioned inland settlements include Dhanyakatakam/ 3147: 3092: 3025: 2984: 2724: 2368: 2350: 1853:𑀭𑀸𑀚𑀸 𑀲𑀺𑀭𑀺 𑀙𑀺𑀫𑀼𑀓𑁄 𑀲𑀸𑀤𑀯𑀸𑀳𑀦𑁄 𑀦𑀸𑀕𑀭𑀸𑀬 𑀲𑀔𑀥𑀸𑀪𑁄 1807: 1785: 1734: 1671: 1640: 1517: 1356: 1290: 1242: 1222: 1211: 1201: 1192: 1117: 1074: 929: 901: 885: 839: 815: 230:

Approximate extent of the Satavahana Empire, in the early 1st century CE.

123: 74: 9356: 9289: 9168: 8750: 8307: 8283: 7477: 7450: 2560:, the ruler defeated by Rudradaman was Gautamiputra Satakarni. However, 2371:

inscription of Queen Gotami Balasiri (end of line 5 of the inscription).

13478: 13288: 12210: 12110: 11820: 10485: 10343: 9977: 9792: 7406: 3981: 3748: 3591: 3437: 3413: 3128: 3104: 3054:, claims that her son ruled an extensive territory that stretched from 2918: 2445: 2429: 2330: 2247: 2201: 2185: 2063: 1996: 1595: 1070: 1054:("vehicle"); the expression thus means "one who rides a nimble horse". 6733:(second 1975 ed.), Mumbai: Popular Prakashan, pp. 243, 244, 2542:, on account of the nearness of their connection did not destroy him." 1330:

Sādavāhanakule Kanhe rājini Nāsikakena Samaṇena mahāmāteṇa leṇa kārita

13221: 12180: 10049: 9708: 9579:"On the Edge of Empire: Form and Substance in the Satavahana Dynasty" 7426:(Seventh ed.). University of Calcutta,Kolkata. pp. 365–366. 7136:

The Buddhist Caves at Aurangabad: Transformations in Art and Religion

6447: 6431: 6215: 5873: 4082:, portrayed in a characteristic slim and elegant style. The regional 4062:

The Satavahana rulers are also remarkable for their contributions to

3839:

Satavahana 1st century BCE coin inscribed in Brahmi: "(Sataka)Nisa".

3816: 3657: 3617: 3576: 3512: 3401: 3046: 3037: 3029: 2502: 2456:),... who rooted out the Khakharata family (the Kshaharata family of 2403: 2219: 2215: 2067: 2012: 1968: 1450: 1385: 1188: 1156: 1152: 916:

being variously claimed as the original homeland of the Satavahanas.

913: 909: 827: 811: 616: 596: 263: 9011:

Lists of Inscriptions, and Sketch of the Dynasties of Southern India

7653: 7292:

Ranade, P. V. "A New Interpretation—The Origin of The Satavahanas."

7040:

Shastri, Ajay Mitra. "Sātavāhanas: Original Home and Nomenclature.”

6550:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. p. 145, map XIV.1 (e). 3719:𑀅𑀭𑀳𑀡𑀓𑀼 𑀯𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀣𑀺 𑀫𑀸𑀓𑀡𑀓𑀼 𑀢𑀺𑀭𑀼 𑀧𑀼𑀮𑀼𑀫𑀸𑀯𑀺𑀓𑀼 3310:

The Satavahana-era inscriptions mention three types of settlements:

2495:, indicating involvement in maritime trade and naval power. The old 1950:"Gift of Ananda, the son of Vasithi, the foreman of the artisans of 1918:

over the dome of the stupa in this relief. Dated circa 50 BCE- 0 CE.

1081:

theorised that the word "Satakarni" is derived from the Munda words

945: 28: 13299: 13182: 13040: 12866: 12858: 12812: 12803: 12530: 11441: 10906: 10683: 10673: 10059: 9983: 9965: 9054: 4295: 3908: 3824: 3583: 3508: 3475: 3467: 3443: 3428: 3373: 3259: 3258:

Mahasenapati (civil administrator under Pulumavi II; governor of a

3116: 3096: 2905: 2768: 2735: 2689: 2531: 2457: 2395: 2326: 2306: 2131: 2000: 1984: 1860: 1846: 1759: 1613: 1604: 1586: 1352: 1238: 1148: 924: 277: 273: 258: 103: 9517:

The Sātavāhanas and the Western Kshatrapas: a historical framework

7756:

Proceedings of the Leyden International Oriental Congress for 1883

7200: 7198: 7196: 7194: 7192: 2779: 2622:

captured the northern parts of the kingdom, around Nashik region.

2583:. Satavahana dominions were limited to their original base in the 2066:

of the Southern Gateway by the artisans of the Satavahana Emperor

13380: 13306: 13207: 13188: 13036: 12909: 12862: 12824: 12817: 11739: 10644: 10130: 10076: 9953: 8901: 6499: 4507:

mentions only the main imperial branch of the dynasty, while the

4472: 4162: 3904: 3763: 3671: 3661: 3649: 3520: 3495: 3421: 3393: 3239: 3217: 3178: 3163: 3143: 3135: 3120: 3084: 3055: 3033: 2995: 2449: 1980: 1763: 1689: 1680: 1622: 1553: 1533: 1461: 1454: 1334: 1093: 1023: 984: 940: 819: 803: 799: 792: 254: 7445:(3/4). Istituto Italiano per l'Africa e l'Oriente (IsIAO): 298. 6123: 5207: 4279: 3912: 3616:

Satavahana bilingual coinage in Prakrit and Dravidian (possibly

3099:) in the south, viz. Nagarouris (Nagur), Tabaso (Tavasi), Inde ( 2281: 2263: 1279: 13343: 12914: 12829: 12761: 12687: 11539: 9747: 9645: 8987: 8962:

Sanskrit Drama & Dramatists: Their Chronology, Mind and Art

8052: 7762: 7189: 5833: 4595: 4217: 4144: 3892: 3888: 3795: 3696: 3598: 3190: 3174: 3170: 3151: 3124: 2896: 2887: 2661: 2474: 2441: 2399: 2337:. Nahapana's profile and coin legend are still clearly visible. 2298: 2059: 2047: 2032: 1895: 1803: 1794:

states that "the four Kanvas will rule the earth for 45 years;

1755: 1446: 1254: 1246: 1128: 846: 576: 311: 174: 8958: 8527:(2. print ed.). Hyderabad: Potti Sreeramulu Telugu Univ. 4086:

of sculpture also influenced the sculpture of Southeast Asia.

3490:

Most of the Satavahana inscriptions and coin legends are in a

3238:

The Satavahanas followed the administration guidelines of the

10433: 9971: 9797: 9694: 8942: 8940: 8678:

Art, Los Angeles County Museum of; Pal, Pratapaditya (1986).

4013: 3791: 3755: 3360: 3194: 3182: 2823: 2801: 2580: 2043: 2040: 2024: 1972: 1338: 1258: 1160: 1144: 1035: 845:

The origin of the dynasty is uncertain, but according to the

818:. At different times, their rule extended to parts of modern 741: 726: 530: 81: 8925: 8475: 7634:

Journal of the International Association of Buddhist Studies

7540: 7538: 2234:

Foreigners making a dedication to the Great Stupa at Sanchi.

1830:

Rano siri chimu(ka) sātavāhanasa soḍe vachare 10 6 mātiseka

1421:, which seem to be identical with the territorial indicator 1319:𑀲𑀸𑀤𑀯𑀸𑀳𑀦𑀓𑀼𑀮𑁂 𑀓𑀦𑁆𑀳𑁂𑀭𑀸𑀚𑀺𑀦𑀺 𑀦𑀸𑀲𑀺𑀓𑁂𑀦 12874: 12715: 12200: 9081: 8570: 8568: 8566: 8564: 8453: 8451: 8109: 7596: 7594: 7592: 7523: 7210: 7177: 2576: 2433: 1951: 1503:

interprets the term "the only protector" of the Brahmanas.

877: 858: 753: 747: 732: 292: 8991:

Early History of the Dekkan Down to the Mahomedan Conquest

8969: 8937: 8406: 8404: 8402: 8389: 8387: 8385: 8333: 8331: 8329: 8253: 8251: 8249: 8247: 8245: 7860: 7563:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. pp. 20, 145. 7060: 7058: 7056: 7054: 7052: 7050: 6952: 6950: 6948: 6838: 6836: 6834: 6809: 6807: 6805: 6803: 6801: 6799: 6797: 6795: 6793: 6729:

Kosambi, Damodar Dharmanand (1956), "Satavahana Origins",

3032:

states. At times, their rule also extended to present-day

2408:

in the west to Kalinga in the east. He assumed the titles

8889: 8850: 8825: 8813: 7706: 7535: 7009: 7007: 6791: 6789: 6787: 6785: 6783: 6781: 6779: 6777: 6775: 6773: 6684: 6682: 6680: 6678: 6676: 6674: 6672: 6586: 6584: 6582: 2046:. Satakarni II is known from a dedicatory inscription at 1100:

below). It does not appear in the dynasty's own records.

13693:

States and territories disestablished in the 3rd century

8725:"Further light on the bilingual coin of the Sātavāhanas" 8561: 8492: 8490: 8463: 8448: 8416: 8314: 8284:"THE VIḶIVĀYAKURAS AND SIVALAKURA OF THE KOLHAPUR COINS" 8027: 8025: 7884: 7704: 7702: 7700: 7698: 7696: 7694: 7692: 7690: 7688: 7686: 7589: 7419: 7239: 7237: 7165: 7089: 7087: 7085: 7070: 6746: 3249:

Rajas, petty princes who struck coins in their own names

3070:, Ptolemy (100–170 CE) states that when Siro Polemaios ( 2684:

South-western parts (northern Karanataka), ruled by the

1835:"In the year sixteen 16 of King Siri Chimuka Sātavāhana" 8399: 8382: 8326: 8263: 8242: 7975:

Ajanta Paintings: 86 Panels of Jatakas and Other Themes

7463: 7344: 7047: 6945: 6831: 3682:𑀭𑀜𑁄 𑀯𑀸𑀲𑀺𑀣𑀺𑀧𑀼𑀢𑀲 𑀲𑀺𑀭𑀺 𑀧𑀼𑀎𑀼𑀫𑀸𑀯𑀺𑀲 9197:

Falk, Harry (2009). "Two Dated Sātavāhana Epigraphs".

8994:. Printed at the Government Central Press. p. 25. 7935: 7933: 7920: 7918: 7728: 7484: 7436: 7392: 7004: 6918:

Deo, Shantaram Bhalchandra; Joshi, Jagat Pati (1972).

6819: 6770: 6669: 6579: 6569: 6567: 6381: 3294: 3283: 3277: 3050:

inscription issued by Gautami Balashri, the mother of

8549: 8502: 8487: 8022: 7879:

Falk, Harry, (2009). "Two Dated Satavahana Epigraphs"

7683: 7606: 7577: 7299: 7234: 7082: 6440:

Vasisthiputra Sri Chimuka Satavahana (ca. 120–96 BCE)

3224:), 1st-3rd century CE. The inscription "Rāya Asoko" ( 2023:

ruled for 56 years, during which he captured eastern

1840:

Kanaganahalli inscription of the 16th year of Simuka.

750: 723: 720: 9337:

Annals of the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute

9270:

Annals of the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute

9268:

Joglekar, S. A. (1946). "SĀTAVĀHANA AND SĀTAKARṆI".

9157:

Annals of the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute

8704: 8370: 8288:

Annals of the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute

7716: 6994: 6992: 6857:

Companion Studies to the History of Tamil Literature

738: 729: 13641:, Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press 9419:

Monastery and guild: commerce under the Sātavāhanas

9155:(1996). "Sātavāhana Chronology: A Re-examination". 8075: 7930: 7915: 7502: 7364: 6564: 4475:give different lists of the Satavahana rulers. The 3571:The earliest extant Satavahana inscription is from 3359:, as well as epigraphic references to artisans and 1241:was issued by Nayanika (or Naganika), the widow of 876:The Satavahanas were early issuers of Indian state 744: 735: 9588:Empires: Perspectives from Archaeology and History 9376: 8913: 8679: 7971: 7782: 7746: 7222: 6885:"The Journal of the Numismatic Society of India". 6758: 6477:Vasisthiputra Sriskanda Satakarni (ca. 156–170 CE) 6432:Shailendra Bhandare's edited list by Andrew Ollett 4403:Regional Satavahana rulers of south-eastern Deccan 3586:, an inscription issued by Nayanika, the widow of 3515:of Gautamiputra Satakarni uses Sanskrit verses in 3504:anthology attributed to the Satavahana king Hala. 2503:Second Western Satraps invasion under Rudradaman I 2031:. This allowed him access to the Buddhist site of 8661:Nākacāmi, Irāmaccantiran̲; Nagaswamy, R. (1981). 8660: 8650:. Government of Andhra Pradesh. 1969. p. XV. 7042:Bulletin of the Deccan College Research Institute 6989: 6486:Vasisthiputra Sricanda Satakarni (ca. 206–220 CE) 6483:Gautamiputra Srivijaya Satakarni (ca. 200–205 CE) 4066:and architecture. They built great stupas in the 3996:can also be attributed to the Satavahana period. 3575:, which states that the cave was commissioned by 2460:); who restored the glory of the Satavahana race. 1856:Rājā Siri Chimuko Sādavāhano nāgarāya Sakhadhābho 1532:Information about the Satavahanas comes from the 1355:inscription. Dated to 70-60 BCE, in the reign of 13679: 8722: 8043:Inscription of Queen Mother Gautami Balashri at 7153: 7019: 6480:Gautamiputra Sriyajña Satakarni (ca. 171–199 CE) 6427:Gotamiputa Siri Vijaya Satakani (ca. 215–225 CE) 6415:Vasithiputa Siri Khada Satakani (ca. 160–165 CE) 5748:), Vada-Śri or Candra-Śri-Śatakarṇi - 10 years ( 3579:Saman of Nashik during the reign of king Kanha. 3273:s) were appointed as viceroys of the provinces. 2465:Inscription of Queen Mother Gautami Balashri at 2428:… who crushed down the pride and conceit of the 2218:with his royal cortege issuing from the city of 1425:of the Myakadoni inscription of Pulumayi or the 990:According to one theory, the word "Satavahana" ( 9322:. University of California Press. p. 194. 8981: 8602:. Motilal Banarsidass Publishers. p. 113. 7321:Geography from Ancient Indian Coins & Seals 6596: 6474:Vasisthiputra Sivasri Pulumavi (ca. 148–156 CE) 6412:Vasithiputa Siva Siri Pulumayi (ca. 152–160 CE) 3992:, and the cornucopia found in Posheri, kept at 3798:symbol", a cross with four circles at the end. 3063:hunter-gatherers and other tribal communities. 2650:. Madhya Pradesh was also part of his kingdom. 2416:(Great King), and was described as the Lord of 2077: 1046:, the dynasty's name is derived from the words 1042:, as was common in ancient India. According to 16:Indian dynasty (2nd century BCE–3rd century CE) 9379:Ancient and medieval history of Andhra Pradesh 9300:An Introduction to the Study of Indian History 9104: 8868: 8520: 8433: 8431: 8166:The European Handbook of Central Asian Studies 7780: 7768: 7627:"Kanaganahalli in Satavahana art and Buddhism" 7351:. Andhra Pradesh Sahitya Akademi. p. 10. 7324:. Concept Publishing Company. pp. 22–23. 7204: 6394: 3994:Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Vastu Sangrahalaya 2173:The Miracle of Walking in the air at Savrasti. 12647: 12613: 10572: 9879: 9661: 9014:. Vol. 2. Government Press. p. 145. 9004: 8869:Chattopadhyaya, Brajadulal (1 January 2009). 8763: 8591: 8589: 8587: 8585: 8583: 8142:. Oxford University Press. 2002. p. 51. 7789:. Inner Traditions / Bear & Co. pp. 7420:Hem Chandra Raychaudhuri (23 February 2024). 6969:Staff, Rao P. R.; Rao, P. Raghunadha (1989). 4270:interregnum rule with vassal Satavahana kings 3531:which was in older times very much closer to 2564:believed that the defeated ruler was his son 2264:First Western Satraps invasion under Nahapana 1429:of the Hirahadagalli grant consisting of the 1069:("son"), implying "son of the performer of a 691: 12661: 9436: 8768:. In Keith E. Yandell; John J. Paul (eds.). 7740: 7556: 7506:Ancient Malwa and the Vikramāditya Tradition 7388: 7386: 7280: 6975:. Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd. p. 24. 6941:. SPAFA Co-ordinating Unit. 1987. p. 4. 6543: 6471:Vasisthiputra Sri Satakarni (ca. 119–148 CE) 6418:Vasithiputa Vijaya Satakani (ca. 165–170 CE) 3960:, Royal Procession, Decorative pillar, etc. 3786:elites rather than the Satavahana monarchs. 3355:archaeological discoveries at sites such as 1987:, taking advantage of the turmoil caused by 1464:call the founder of the Satavahana family a 13622: 9250:Encyclopedia of Ancient Asian Civilizations 8686:. University of California Press. pp. 8428: 8116:. Cambridge University Press. p. 138. 7967: 7965: 7819:. Tata McGraw-Hill Education. p. 251. 6630:"Koti Lingala, a major pilgrim destination" 4511:puts together princes of all its branches. 4186: 3400:in 79 CE). It is thought to have come from 3131:), as being located in Northern Karnataka. 3016:The Satavahana territory included northern 2200:Miracle of the Buddha walking on the River 1894:The southern gateway of the Great Stupa at 1325:𑀲𑀫𑀡𑁂𑀦 𑀫𑀳𑀸𑀫𑀸𑀢𑁂𑀡 𑀮𑁂𑀡 𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀢 12654: 12640: 12620: 12606: 10579: 10565: 9886: 9872: 9151: 9129: 8975: 8946: 8907: 8895: 8856: 8844: 8831: 8819: 8580: 8320: 7890: 7881:, in Indo-Iranian Journal 52, pp. 197-200. 7544: 7466:Proceedings of the Indian History Congress 7395:Proceedings of the Indian History Congress 7294:Proceedings of the Indian History Congress 7132: 6731:Introduction to the study of India history 6489:Mathariputra Sri Pulumavi (ca. 220–230 CE) 6468:Vasisthiputra Sri Pulumavi (ca. 84–119 CE) 6409:Vasithiputa Siri Satakani (ca. 125–152 CE) 3915:is famous for compiling the collection of 3778:, in the Dravidian script (similar to the 3729:Aracanaku Vācitti Makaṇaku Tiru Pulumāviku 3724:Arahaṇaku Vāhitti Mākaṇaku Tiru Pulumāviku 1991:invasions of northern India. He performed 1163:(Bhandara District). 2nd-1st century BCE. 1077:appear to be variations of the same word. 698: 684: 9048: 9046: 8740: 8682:Indian Sculpture: Circa 500 B.C.-A.D. 700 8225: 8207: 7846:. Motilal Banarsidass Publ. p. 154. 7774: 7383: 7371:. Calcutta: Sanskrit College. p. 9. 7112:. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. p. 249. 6465:Gautamiputra Sri Satakarni (ca. 60–84 CE) 6406:Vasithiputa Siri Pulumayi (ca. 85–125 CE) 3732:"Of King Tiru Pulumavi, son of Vasishthi" 3690:"Of King Lord Pulumavi, son of Vasishthi" 3392:ivory statuette was found in the ruin of 1112:mentions a "Nurruvar Kannar", who helped 13636: 9576: 9267: 9052: 8998: 8988:Sir Ramkrishna Gopal Bhandarkar (1884). 8931: 8875:. Pearson Education India. p. 259. 8716: 8574: 8481: 8469: 8457: 8422: 8410: 8393: 8337: 8269: 8257: 8094: 7997: 7995: 7962: 7951: 7673: 7671: 7529: 7509:. Munshiram Manoharlal. pp. 67–68. 7254: 7252: 7216: 7183: 7064: 7036: 7034: 6968: 6956: 6917: 6869: 6854: 6842: 6688: 6590: 4466: 3967: 3874: 3870: 3546: 3383: 3333: 3211: 2598: 2506: 2340: 2320: 2089: 2080: 1347: 1138: 923: 9534: 9513: 9492: 9475:Ancient Indian History and Civilization 9334: 9296: 8959:Kr̥shṇājī Pāṇḍuraṅga Kulakarṇī (1927). 8623: 8621: 8619: 8356:. Oxford University Press. p. 27. 7583: 7305: 7266: 7264: 7093: 7013: 6825: 6752: 6728: 6654: 6652: 6650: 6628:K.M., Dayashankar (26 September 2014). 4128:'s assault on the Buddha, 2nd century, 1159:protecting the throne of the Buddha at 1050:("sharpened", "nimble" or "swift") and 13680: 13645: 13211:Co-existence of Hinduism and Buddhism 9609: 9538:Early Buddhist Architecture in Context 9317: 9246: 9087: 9043: 8677: 8595: 8555: 8508: 8496: 8437: 8349: 8031: 7866: 7710: 7612: 7243: 7105: 6573: 6143:Mandalaka aka Puttalaka or Pulumavi II 5498:); 24 years according to inscriptions 3743:, a practice derived from that of the 2971: 2962: 2482:Gautamiputra was succeeded by his son 1714: 1705: 1696: 1687: 1584: 1573: 1564: 1272:Inscription of king Kanha (100–70 BCE) 1097: 210: 201: 192: 152: 132: 101: 90: 13613: 13408: 13225: 13154: 13127: 13078: 13073: 12635: 9660: 9555: 9457: 9225: 9175: 8792: 8710: 8444:. Oxford University Press. p. 3. 8376: 8343: 8189: 8162: 8081: 7992: 7939: 7924: 7722: 7668: 7600: 7317: 7249: 7171: 7076: 7031: 6904: 6764: 6724: 6722: 6462:Gautamiputra Siva Satakarni (?–60 CE) 6424:Gotamiputa Siri Cada (ca. 200–215 CE) 3958:Dvarapala, Gajalaksmi, Shalabhanjikas 3559:No.3, Inscription No.4. Circa 150 CE. 2993: 2982: 2940: 2903: 2894: 2885: 2874: 2865: 2852: 2843: 2830: 2821: 2808: 2799: 2788: 2777: 2766: 2753: 2742: 2722: 2713: 2701: 2519:Pulumavi's successor was his brother 1678: 1669: 1660: 1629: 1620: 1611: 1593: 1363:Kanha's Pandavleni mentions the term 141: 9297:Kosambi, Damodar Dharmanand (1975). 9196: 8616: 8353:Aśoka and the Decline of the Mauryas 7945: 7903: 7839: 7677:John Marshall, "A guide to Sanchi", 7401:. Indian History Congress: 117–118. 7261: 6647: 6627: 4532:Puranic genealogy of Andhra dynasty 3660:), and transcription of the obverse 2951: 2929: 2916: 2733: 2375:The Satavahana power was revived by 1963:Simuka was succeeded by his brother 1868:Kanaganahalli inscription of Simuka. 1732: 1723: 1638: 1602: 1551: 1134: 181: 172: 161: 121: 110: 79: 9471: 9415: 9397: 9374: 9363: 9108:Some Early Dynasties of South India 8919: 8281: 7781:Alain Daniélou (11 February 2003). 7734: 7651: 7624: 7490: 7228: 7159: 7025: 6998: 6813: 6658: 6421:Siri Yaña Satakani (ca. 170–200 CE) 6403:Gautamiputa Satakani (ca. 60–85 CE) 6382:Mid-Chronology of Satavahana rulers 5805: 4051: 1931:𑀆𑀯𑁂𑀲𑀡𑀺𑀲 𑀯𑀸𑀲𑀺𑀣𑀻𑀧𑀼𑀢𑀲 13: 10536:List of Inventions and Discoveries 9922: 9535:Shimada, Akira (9 November 2012). 9053:Bhandare, Shailen (January 2011). 8843:These sculptures are mentioned in 8796:Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature 7423:Political History of Ancient India 6863: 6719: 5814:List of Satavahana dynasty rulers 4528:(not present in the table below). 4514:The names of the Andhra kings (in 4198:List of Satavahana dynasty rulers 4080:scenes from the life of the Buddha 3687:Raño Vāsiṭhiputasa Siri-Puḷumāvisa 3010:Main polities in Asia, circa -100. 1873: 1859:"Lord King Simuka the Satavahana, 1649: 1155:were also found. Pillar with Naga 565: 556: 14: 13729: 9638: 9437:Raychaudhuri, Hemchandra (2006). 9370:. Andhra Pradesh Sahitya Akademi. 9364:Rao, B. S. L. Hanumantha (1976). 9179:A Study of the Sātavāhana Coinage 9105:Chattopadhyaya, Sudhakar (1974). 8847:. Only names have been mentioned. 8799:. Sahitya Akademi. p. 1375. 8793:Datta, Amaresh (1 January 1988). 8521:Hanumantha Rao, B. S. L. (2001). 8095:Majumdar, Ramesh Chandra (2003). 5664:), Yajñaśri - 9, 20 or 29 years ( 4156: 3801: 3494:. This language has been termed " 3207: 3020:region, spanning the present-day 2694:South-eastern part, ruled by the 2594: 2587:and eastern central India around 964:Śātavāhana, Śālivāhana, Śātakarṇi 849:, their first king overthrew the 13594: 13585: 13576: 13567: 13558: 13549: 13540: 13531: 13521:References and sources for table 10601: 10055:Spread of Jainism – Parshvanatha 9693: 9644: 9464:Coinage of the Satavahana Empire 9072: 9018: 8952: 8862: 8837: 8786: 8772:. Routledge. pp. 235, 253. 8766:"The Heterodoxies in Tamil Nadu" 8757: 8671: 8654: 8638: 8514: 8438:Sastri, Nilakanta K. A. (1955). 7560:A Historical atlas of South Asia 7557:Schwartzberg, Joseph E. (1978). 7345:B. S. L. Hanumantha Rao (1976). 6924:. Nagpur University. p. 99. 6547:A Historical atlas of South Asia 6544:Schwartzberg, Joseph E. (1978). 4718:), Mallakarni - 10 or 18 years ( 4136: 4118: 4106: 4091: 3847: 3832: 3808: 3670:Portrait of the king. Legend in 3637: 3626: 3303:' interpretation, was the chief 3166:incursions from the north-west. 3078:) of Basavana Bagewadi taluk of 2708: 2316: 2239: 2227: 2208: 2193: 2178: 2166: 2151: 2139: 2124: 2112: 2100: 2090: 2053: 1927:𑀭𑀸𑀜𑁄 𑀲𑀺𑀭𑀺 𑀲𑀸𑀢𑀓𑀡𑀺𑀲 1907: 1887: 1546: 1413:which is the contracted form of 1300: 1278: 971:versions of the indigenous name 944: 939: 716: 510: 496: 482: 468: 454: 440: 415: 401: 73: 67: 8872:A Social History of Early India 8275: 8183: 8156: 8130: 8103: 8087: 8066: 8057: 8037: 8013: 8004: 7896: 7872: 7833: 7807: 7658:South Asian Archaeology and Art 7644: 7618: 7550: 7496: 7457: 7430: 7413: 7358: 7338: 7311: 7286: 7126: 7099: 6962: 6928: 6910: 6897: 6878: 6848: 6370: 6352: 6334: 6316: 6283: 6263: 6242: 6222: 6202: 6184: 6166: 6148: 6130: 6110: 6092: 6063: 6045: 6027: 6009: 5991: 5973: 5955: 5937: 5917: 5899: 5881: 5860: 5840: 5660:Yajñaśri Śatakarṇi - 19 years ( 4070:Valley, including the stupa at 3999: 3903:The Satavahanas patronised the 3860: 3542: 3265:Mahatalavara ("great watchman") 1881:Sanchi donations (50 BCE- 0 CE) 10855:Ochre Coloured Pottery culture 10531:Science and Technology History 9137:. Delhi: B.L Bansal, Sharada. 6694: 6621: 6537: 5920: 159 – 141 BCE 5902: 177 – 159 BCE 5884: 187 – 177 BCE 5863: 205 – 187 BCE 5843: 228 – 205 BCE 4183:vary greatly with each other. 3782:apart from a few variations). 3754:Thousands of lead, copper and 3369:Periplus of the Erythraean Sea 1285:Cave No.19 of Satavahana king 1: 13698:Empires and kingdoms of India 11785: 11524: 11497: 11396: 11375: 11298: 11237: 11166: 11149: 11132: 11115: 11098: 11077: 10992: 10975: 10729: 9416:Ray, Himanshu Prabha (1986). 9240:10.1080/02666030.1995.9628494 9068:– via www.academia.edu. 8169:. Ibidem Press. p. 403. 8099:. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass. 7978:. Hari Sena. pp. 15–16. 7283:, pp. 342, 360, 363–364. 6525: 6373: 217 – 224 CE 6355: 207 – 214 CE 6337: 201 – 207 CE 6319: 172 – 201 CE 6286: 158 – 165 CE 6266: 130 – 158 CE 6245: 106 – 130 CE 5940: 141 – 85 BCE 4587:Alternative names and reigns 4101:, fragments of Buddhist stupa 3940: 3863: 167 – 196 CE 3396:(destroyed in an eruption of 3095:in the north and Banaouasei ( 2636: 2380: 1849:, and the inscription reads: 1539: 1497:vinivatita chatu vana sankara 367: 352: 53: 46: 13650:, Cambridge University Press 13618:, Cambridge University Press 13348:Decline of Buddhism in India 12785:Northern Black Polished Ware 10940:Northern Black Polished Ware 10060:Spread of Jainism – Mahavira 9514:Shastri, Ajay Mitra (1998). 9493:Shastri, Ajay Mitra (1999). 9472:Sen, Sailendra Nath (1999). 9026:"Deccan Heritage Foundation" 7840:Jain, Kailash Chand (1972). 7503:Dineschandra Sircar (1969). 7365:Dineschandra Sircar (1965). 6530: 6520:List of wars involving India 6225: 78 – 106 CE 6030: 19 – 12 BCE 6012: 37 – 19 BCE 5994: 55 – 37 BCE 5976: 67 – 55 BCE 5958: 85 – 67 BCE 5331:), Pravillasena - 12 years ( 5237:); 1 year in one manuscript 4027: 3895:during the reign of his son 3408:in the beginning of our era. 3338:Indian ship on lead coin of 3295: 3284: 3278: 3246:Rajan, the hereditary rulers 2082:Sanchi under the Satavahanas 932:(70-60 BCE). Obverse legend: 919: 36: 7: 13616:An Introduction to Hinduism 12536:Influence on Southeast Asia 10461:Dynasties in Indian History 9577:Sinopoli, Carla M. (2001). 9562:. Pearson Education India. 9422:. Oxford University Press. 9375:Rao, P. Raghunadha (1993). 9153:Dhavalikar, Madhukar Keshav 9131:Dhavalikar, Madhukar Keshav 7972:Rajesh Kumar Singh (2013). 6972:Indian Heritage and Culture 6887:Numismatic Society of India 6493: 6395:List by Shailendra Bhandare 6205: 77 – 78 CE 6187: 76 – 77 CE 6169: 71 – 76 CE 6151: 69 – 71 CE 6133: 61 – 66 CE 6113: 36 – 61 CE 6048: 12 – 9 BCE 4309:Restored Satavahana dynasty 4143:Scroll supported by Indian 4113:Fragment of Amaravati stupa 3879:Satavahana architecture at 3485: 3466:(officer-in-charge) of the 3412:The Satavahanas patronized 3379: 3216:Ashoka with his Queens, at 3181:, Kuda (unidentified), and 3138:(2nd century CE) mentioned 3072:Vasishthiputra Sri Pulumayi 1018: 979: 973: 963: 779:), also referred to as the 775: 10: 13734: 13639:Hinduism. Past and present 13509:Chera Perumals of Makkotai 13467:Chera Perumals of Makkotai 12859:Rise of Shramana movements 10918:Black and Red ware culture 10456:Timeline of Indian History 9593:Cambridge University Press 9496:The Age of the Sātavāhanas 9097: 9030:Deccan Heritage Foundation 8742:10.1163/000000069790078428 8190:Török, Tibor (July 2023). 6095: 1 – 36 CE 6066: 9 – 1 BCE 5384:Cakora Śatakarṇi (Chakora) 5323:), Purikaṣena - 21 years ( 4055: 3946:Madhukar Keshav Dhavalikar 3815:Early Satavahana coinage, 3608: 3492:Middle Indo-Aryan language 3447:(royal consecration), and 3406:Indo-Roman trade relations 3340:Vasisthiputra Sri Pulamavi 3329: 3307:of Gautamiputra's mother. 2625: 2568:. Shailendra Nath Sen and 2488:Vasisthiputra Sri Pulamavi 2484:Vasisthiputra Sri Pulamavi 2273: 2267: 1806:rule, followed by a Kanva 1527: 1479:). Some scholars, such as 1079:Damodar Dharmanand Kosambi 891: 29: 13703:History of Andhra Pradesh 13646:Samuel, Geoffrey (2010), 13518: 13415: 13394:Pandyan kingdom (revival) 13379: 13358: 13333: 13305: 13265: 13260: 13201: 13087: 13022: 12980: 12959: 12943: 12932: 12925: 12908: 12892: 12878: 12849: 12842: 12788: 12770: 12767:Painted Grey Ware culture 12752: 12744: 12728: 12704: 12701: 12696: 12683: 12678: 12669: 10929:Painted Grey Ware culture 10801:Indus Valley Civilisation 10012:Indus Valley Civilization 9667: 9662:Links to related articles 9478:. New Age International. 8723:R. Panneerselvam (1969). 7318:Gupta, Parmanand (1989). 6921:Pauni Excavation, 1969-70 4401: 4307: 4283:(vassal under Kshatrapas) 4265: 3988:, the Yaksi image in the 3963: 3930: 3678:(starting at 12 o'clock): 3644:Bilingual coinage of Sri 3507:The Satvahanas also used 2547:Junagadh rock inscription 1749:South Asia circa 150 BCE. 526: 380: 376: 361: 346: 342: 332: 328: 318: 305: 301: 291: 283: 269: 250: 236: 62: 45: 23: 13614:Flood, Gavin D. (1996), 13203:"Golden Age of Hinduism" 13168:Kushano-Sasanian Kingdom 13084:Maha-Meghavahana Dynasty 12845:Persian-Greek influences 12663:Middle kingdoms of India 11580:Gurjara-Pratihara Empire 11560:Eastern Chalukya Kingdom 11161:Maha-Megha-Vahana Empire 10169:, c. 228 BCE – c. 224 CE 10043:Rise of Śramaṇa movement 10018:Post Indus Valley Period 9962:, c. 7600 – c. 1000 BCE 9621:Harvard University Press 9247:Higham, Charles (2009). 9211:10.1163/001972409X445924 8441:A History of South India 8282:Pai, M. Govinda (1942). 7785:A Brief History of India 7368:The Guhilas of Kiṣkindhā 7133:Brancaccio, Pia (2010). 6870:Zvelebil, Kamil (1975). 6855:Zvelebil, Kamil (1992). 5548:Vashishtiputra Satakarni 5007:Skandasvati - 28 years ( 4345:Vashishtiputra Satakarni 4187:List based on Archeology 3751:kings to the northwest. 3234:is carved on the relief. 2521:Vashishtiputra Satakarni 2513:Vashishtiputra Satakarni 1924:Text of the inscription: 1485:Hem Chandra Raychaudhuri 1457:origins of the dynasty. 1436: 1165:National Museum of India 647:Vashishtiputra Satakarni 13637:Michaels, Axel (2004), 13335:Late-Classical Hinduism 11680:Western Chalukya Empire 10823:Mature Harappan culture 10204:, c. 606 CE – c. 647 CE 10028:, c. 1500 – c. 500 BCE 10022:, c. 1700 – c. 1500 BCE 10014:, c. 3300 – c. 1700 BCE 9556:Singh, Upinder (2008). 9402:, Sterling Publishers, 9383:. Sterling Publishers. 9318:Ollett, Andrew (2017). 8599:Studies in Indian Coins 8350:Thapar, Romila (2012). 7955:Epigraphia Indica Vol.8 6662:Epigraphia Indica Vol 8 6515:List of Indian monarchs 5709:Candraśri (Chandrashri) 5486:Yantramati - 34 years ( 3897:Vasishthiputra Pulumavi 3711:and to a lesser extent 3646:Vasishthiputra Pulumavi 2566:Vasishthiputra Pulumavi 2364:𑀲𑀓 𑀬𑀯𑀦 𑀧𑀮𑁆𑀳𑀯) 2005:Hathigumpha inscription 1943:āvesaṇisa vāsitḥīputasa 1030:("driven by seven"; in 900:, with the present-day 637:Vasishthiputra Pulumavi 13713:History of Maharashtra 12721:Middle Gangetic Plain 12586:Science and technology 10970:Three Crowned Kingdoms 10812:Early Harappan culture 10627:(2,500,000–250,000 BC) 10526:Paper Currency History 10384:, c. 1799 – c. 1849 CE 10378:, c. 1760 – c. 1799 CE 10372:, c. 1757 – c. 1858 CE 10366:, c. 1674 – c. 1818 CE 10358:, c. 1576 – c. 1757 CE 10034:, c. 1200 – c. 500 BCE 9990:South Indian Neolithic 9927: 9443:. Cosmo Publications. 9367:The Age of Satavahanas 9320:Language of the Snakes 8910:, pp. 77, 81, 84. 8764:James D. Ryan (2013). 8596:Sircar, D. C. (2008). 8524:The age of Satavahanas 8163:Fauve, Jeroen (2021). 8139:Atlas of World History 7843:Malwa Through The Ages 7348:The Age of Satavahanas 7296:, vol. 26, 1964, p. 62 6604:"The Satavahana Phase" 4457:Haritiputra Satakarni 4446:Madhariputra Sakasena 4369:Shiva Skanda Satakarni 4319:Gautamiputra Satakarni 4004:The sculptures of the 3977: 3911:. The Satavahana king 3900: 3827:type, 1st century BCE. 3741:Gautamiputra Satakarni 3560: 3553:Gautamiputra Satakarni 3435:sacrifices, including 3409: 3343: 3235: 3052:Gautamiputra Satakarni 2678:region), ruled by the 2612: 2550: 2516: 2480: 2392:Gautamiputra Satakarni 2377:Gautamiputra Satakarni 2372: 2338: 2335:Gautamiputra Satakarni 2076: 2019:Satakarni's successor 1871: 1843: 1468:(Shudra or low-born). 1360: 1168: 1044:Inguva Kartikeya Sarma 959: 871:Vasisthiputra Pulamavi 867:Gautamiputra Satakarni 627:Gautamiputra Satakarni 570: 561: 363:• Disestablished 13250:Western Ganga Dynasty 13117: 1st century BCE 13105:Early Pandyan kingdom 13070: 2nd century BCE 13030:(ca. 200 BC - 300 CE) 13024:Preclassical Hinduism 13005:Early Pandyan kingdom 12977: 3rd century BCE 12922: 4th century BCE 12889: 5th century BCE 12799: 6th century BCE 12724:Lower Gangetic Plain 12712:Upper Gangetic Plain 12489:Specialised histories 11760:Kalachuris of Kalyani 11750:Kalachuris of Tripuri 11432:Western Ganga Kingdom 11360:Indo-Sassanid Kingdom 11310:Western Satrap Empire 11293:Indo-Parthian Kingdom 11283:Indo-Scythian Kingdom 10834:Late Harappan culture 10595:History of South Asia 10501:Philosophical History 10481:Architectural History 10415:Independence Movement 10251:, c. 973 – c. 1187 CE 10245:, c. 848 – c. 1251 CE 10222:, c. 760 – c. 973 CE 9926: 9848:Sultanate of Golconda 9303:. Popular Prakashan. 8209:10.3390/genes14071345 7952:Hultzsch, E. (1906). 7139:. BRILL. p. 61. 7106:Rocher, Ludo (1986). 7044:, 54/55, 1994, p. 381 6443:Krsna (ca. 96–88 BCE) 6347:Chandra Sri Satakarni 6297:Shivaskanda Satakarni 6236:Gautamiputra Satkarni 5136:Pulomavi - 36 years ( 4467:List based on Puranas 4151:, 2nd–3rd century CE. 3971: 3878: 3871:Cultural achievements 3854:Coin of Gautamiputra 3550: 3387: 3337: 3215: 2602: 2536: 2510: 2426: 2344: 2324: 2072: 1851: 1823: 1351: 1143:Early sculpture from 1142: 1034:, the chariot of the 1026:form of the Sanskrit 927: 886:southern tip of India 657:Shivaskanda Satakarni 569: 560: 251:Common languages 13718:History of Amaravati 13708:History of Telangana 13600:Michaels (2004) p.41 13591:Michaels (2004) p.40 13573:Michaels (2004) p.39 13555:Michaels (2004) p.39 13492:Kamboja-Pala dynasty 13124: 1st century CE 12007:Ahmadnagar Sultanate 11809:Late medieval period 11720:Eastern Ganga Empire 11452:Vishnukundina Empire 10551:Wars involving India 10424:, 1947 CE – present 10249:2nd Chalukya Dynasty 10210:, c. 724 – c. 760 CE 10175:, c. 240 – c. 550 CE 10084:1700 – 682 BCE 10020:(Cemetery H Culture) 9735:History and Kingdoms 9653:at Wikimedia Commons 9328:10.1525/j.ctt1w8h1vk 9199:Indo-Iranian Journal 9176:Dutta, Mala (1990). 9090:, pp. 189, 190. 8729:Indo-Iranian Journal 8664:Tamil Coins: A Study 7869:, pp. 190, 195. 7652:Zin, Monika (2012). 7625:Zin, Monika (2018). 5597:Śivaskanda Śatakarṇi 5441:Svātisena - 1 year ( 5368:Sundara Svatikarṇa ( 5041:Mahendra Śatakarṇi ( 4382:Yajna Shri Satakarni 4357:Shiva Shri Pulumavi 3907:language instead of 3230:, "King Ashoka") in 3006:class=notpageimage| 2660:Western part around 2558:Dineshchandra Sircar 2432:; who destroyed the 2412:(King of Kings) and 2276:Saka-Satavahana Wars 2222:to visit the Buddha. 2158:Lion pillar capital. 2085:1st century BCE/CE. 1939:Rāño Siri Sātakaṇisa 1745:class=notpageimage| 1513:Dvātriṃśat-Puttalikā 1307:Inscription of king 1183:region, present-day 13451:Rashtrakuta dynasty 12903:Shaishunaga dynasty 12853:Second Urbanisation 12698:Indo-Gangetic Plain 12089:Early modern period 11936:Vijayanagara Empire 11916:Chitradurga Kingdom 11610:Bhauma-Kara Kingdom 11022:Shaishunaga dynasty 10506:History of Religion 10471:Demographic History 10436:, 1950 CE – present 10403:The Great Rebellion 10346:, 1538/40 – 1556 CE 10220:Tripartite Struggle 10163:, c. 30 – c. 375 CE 10094:Shaishunaga Dynasty 10082:Brihadratha Dynasty 9828:Vijayanagara Empire 9228:South Asian Studies 9113:Motilal Banarsidass 8934:, pp. 166–168. 8647:Epigraphia Āndhrica 8631:Epigraphia Andhrica 8484:, pp. 175–176. 7769:Chattopadhyaya 1974 7758:. pp. 144–180. 7737:, pp. 176–177. 7603:, pp. 381–384. 7532:, pp. 162–163. 7493:, pp. 173–174. 7219:, pp. 167–168. 7205:Chattopadhyaya 1974 7186:, pp. 168–170. 7174:, pp. 381–382. 7079:, pp. 126–130. 6816:, pp. 172–176. 6510:History of Hinduism 6310:Sri Yajna Satakarni 6277:Shiva Sri Satakarni 6040:Mrigendra Satakarni 5815: 5019:Mṛgendra-Svātikarṇa 4533: 4503:theorised that the 4199: 4192:Himanshu Prabha Ray 3919:poems known as the 3794:), as well as the " 3703:symbols. Legend in 3441:(horse sacrifice), 3269:The royal princes ( 3222:Kanaganahalli Stupa 3080:Vijayapura district 2616:Sri Yajna Sātakarni 2605:Yajna Sri Satakarni 2246:Procession of king 1935:𑀆𑀦𑀁𑀤𑀲 𑀤𑀸𑀦𑀁 956:(Siri) Sātakaṇi(sa) 882:Indo-Gangetic Plain 667:Yajna Sri Satakarni 348:• Established 307:• 228–205 BCE 13688:Satavahana dynasty 13582:Hiltebeitel (2002) 13564:Hiltebeitel (2002) 13262:Hephthalite Empire 13098:(300 BCE – 200 CE) 13089:Satavahana dynasty 13075:Indo-Greek Kingdom 12998:(300 BCE – 200 CE) 12989:Satavahana dynasty 12962:Spread of Buddhism 12684:Northwestern India 12566:Partition of India 12431:Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 12379:Regional histories 12324:National histories 12211:Travancore Kingdom 12181:Thondaiman Kingdom 12051:Golkonda Sultanate 11660:Somavamshi Kingdom 11630:Rashtrakuta Empire 11570:Rashidun Caliphate 11492:Kabul Shahi Empire 11340:Nagas of Padmavati 11263:Indo-Greek Kingdom 11203:(230 BC – AD 1206) 10896:Vedic Civilisation 10844:Vedic Civilisation 10741:Ahar-Banas culture 10476:Linguistic History 10231:Rastrakuta Dynasty 10167:Satavahana Dynasty 10131:Kingdom of Magadha 10110:, c. 600 – 345 BCE 10077:Kingdom of Magadha 10050:Later Vedic Period 10038:Early Vedic period 10026:Vedic civilization 9928: 9699:Chronology of the 9616:The Past Before Us 8634:. 1975. p. x. 7748:Bhagwanlal Indraji 7664:: 763, and fig.14. 6079:(r. 1 BCE – 1 CE) 6058:Kunatala Satakarni 5813: 5195:), Arishṭakarman ( 5053:Kuntala-Svātikarṇa 4722:), Śri Śatakarṇi ( 4531: 4501:H. C. Raychaudhuri 4435:Abhira Isvarasena 4197: 3978: 3976:, 1st century BCE. 3901: 3745:Western Kshatrapas 3561: 3410: 3344: 3318:(market town) and 3262:under Pulumavi IV) 3236: 3103:), Tiripangalida ( 3060:northern Karnataka 2702:Territorial extent 2613: 2517: 2497:stupa at Amaravati 2373: 2339: 2303:Western Kshatrapas 1971:conquered western 1361: 1293:, 1st century BCE. 1207:Ajay Mitra Shastri 1169: 977:, which appear as 960: 869:and his successor 571: 562: 436:Western Kshatrapas 324:Pulumavi IV (last) 320:• 217–224 CE 13675: 13674: 13669: 13668: 13664: 13663: 13660: 13659: 13501:Eastern Chalukyas 13497:Kalyani Chalukyas 13455:Eastern Chalukyas 13444:Gurjara-Pratihara 13437: 9th century 13422:Eastern Chalukyas 13405: 8th century 13390:Eastern Chalukyas 13376:Mlechchha dynasty 13355: 7th century 13337:(ca. CE 650-1100) 13284: 6th century 13257: 5th century 13217: 4th century 13163: 3rd century 13151: 2nd century 13061:Mahayana Buddhism 13028:"Hindu Synthesis" 12895:Persian conquests 12780:Shramanic culture 12716:Ganga-Yamuna doab 12630: 12629: 12315: 12314: 12309: 12308: 12229: 12228: 12131:Thanjavur Kingdom 12079: 12078: 12040:Bijapur Sultanate 11996:Deccan sultanates 11874:Tughlaq Sultanate 11821:Ghaznavid Dynasty 11799: 11798: 11670:Chaulukya Kingdom 11600:Mallabhum kingdom 11590:Umayyad Caliphate 11330:Bharshiva Dynasty 11226:(200 BC – AD 300) 11216:(230 BC – AD 220) 11212:Satavahana Empire 11190: 11189: 11186:(247 BC – AD 224) 11042:Macedonian Empire 11016:(450 BC – AD 489) 11004:Achaemenid Empire 10874: 10873: 10779: 10778: 10702: 10701: 10652: 10651: 10636:Madrasian culture 10589: 10588: 10516:Education History 10434:Republic of India 10428:Dominion of India 10422:Independent India 10411:, 1858 – 1947 CE 10376:Kingdom of Mysore 10352:, 1556 – 1857 CE 10274:, 1206 – 1526 CE 10226:Pratihara dynasty 9949:Madrasian culture 9896: 9895: 9843:Bahmani Sultanate 9783:Eastern Chalukyas 9726:Political history 9649:Media related to 9630:978-0-674-72651-2 9569:978-81-317-1120-0 9548:978-90-04-23283-9 9527:978-81-7192-031-0 9506:978-81-7305-158-6 9450:978-81-307-0291-9 9409:978-81-207-1719-0 9390:978-81-207-1495-3 9310:978-81-7154-038-9 9189:978-81-85151-39-7 9144:978-81-88934-04-1 8779:978-1-136-81801-1 8176:978-3-8382-1518-1 8149:978-0-19-521921-0 8123:978-1-316-29777-3 7909:A guide to Sanchi 7800:978-1-59477-794-3 7771:, pp. 44–50. 7331:978-81-7022-248-4 7281:Raychaudhuri 2006 7207:, pp. 17–56. 6755:, pp. 20–21. 6740:978-81-7154-038-9 6379: 6378: 6197:Chakora Satakarni 6179:Sundara Satakarni 5803: 5802: 5343:Sundara Śatakarṇi 5327:), Pravillasena ( 4954:Svāti (Śatakarṇi) 4464: 4463: 4394:Vijaya Satakarni 4299:(Kshatrapas King) 4099:Amaravati Marbles 3770:(more similar to 3453:Bhagala-Dasaratra 3227:𑀭𑀸𑀬 𑀅𑀲𑁄𑀓𑁄 3127:) and Petirgala ( 3066:As per historian 2367:mentioned in the 2261: 2260: 1151:, where coins of 1135:Original homeland 1098:Original homeland 708: 707: 675: 674: 546:100 BCE–2nd c. CE 536: 535: 522: 521: 518: 517: 428: 427: 25:Satavahana Empire 13725: 13651: 13642: 13633: 13624:Hiltebeitel, Alf 13619: 13601: 13598: 13592: 13589: 13583: 13580: 13574: 13571: 13565: 13562: 13556: 13553: 13547: 13544: 13538: 13535: 13386:Badami Chalukyas 13381:Adivasi (tribes) 13371:Empire of Harsha 13367:Vakataka dynasty 13320:Kalabhra dynasty 13316:Badami Chalukyas 13307:Adivasi (tribes) 13276:Kalabhra dynasty 13242:Kalabhra dynasty 13238:Andhra Ikshvakus 13205:(ca. CE 320-650) 13189:Adivasi (tribes) 13057:Smarta Tradition 12910:Adivasi (tribes) 12825:Adivasi (tribes) 12681:cultural period 12676: 12675: 12672: 12671: 12656: 12649: 12642: 12633: 12632: 12622: 12615: 12608: 12571:Pakistan studies 12411:Himachal Pradesh 12251:Portuguese India 12247: 12246: 12243: 12201:Sikh Confederacy 12097: 12096: 12093: 11946:Bengal Sultanate 11885:Sayyid Sultanate 11863:Khalji Sultanate 11852:Mamluk Sultanate 11817: 11816: 11813: 11794: 11790: 11787: 11730:Kakatiya Kingdom 11640:Paramara Kingdom 11533: 11529: 11526: 11502: 11499: 11442:Kamarupa Kingdom 11405: 11401: 11398: 11391:Kalabhras Empire 11384: 11380: 11377: 11303: 11300: 11287:(50 BC – AD 400) 11267:(180 BC – AD 10) 11246: 11242: 11239: 11208: 11207: 11204: 11175: 11171: 11168: 11154: 11151: 11137: 11134: 11120: 11117: 11103: 11100: 11086: 11082: 11079: 10997: 10994: 10980: 10977: 10960:Haryanka dynasty 10950:Pradyota dynasty 10892: 10891: 10888: 10797: 10796: 10793: 10734: 10731: 10724:Anarta tradition 10720: 10719: 10716: 10684:Mehrgarh culture 10674:Bhirrana culture 10670: 10669: 10666: 10665:(10,800–3300 BC) 10632: 10631: 10628: 10618: 10617: 10605: 10591: 10590: 10581: 10574: 10567: 10541:Military History 10496:Literary History 10466:Economic History 10450:Related articles 10430:, 1947 – 1950 CE 10405:, 1857 – 1858 CE 10340:, 1526 – 1540 CE 10319:, 1342 – 1576 CE 10317:Bengal Sultanate 10313:, 1336 – 1646 CE 10307:, 1251 – 1618 CE 10208:Karakota Dynasty 10202:Harsha's Dynasty 10196:Chalukya Dynasty 10088:Haryanka Dynasty 10065:Rise of Buddhism 9956:, c. 500,000 BCE 9916: 9898: 9897: 9888: 9881: 9874: 9823:Pemmasani Nayaks 9808:Kakatiya dynasty 9697: 9670: 9669: 9658: 9657: 9648: 9633: 9606: 9583:Alcock, Susan E. 9573: 9552: 9531: 9510: 9489: 9468: 9454: 9433: 9412: 9394: 9382: 9371: 9360: 9343:(1/4): 121–142. 9331: 9314: 9293: 9276:(3/4): 237–287. 9264: 9243: 9222: 9193: 9172: 9163:(1/4): 133–140. 9148: 9126: 9091: 9085: 9079: 9076: 9070: 9069: 9067: 9065: 9050: 9041: 9040: 9038: 9036: 9022: 9016: 9015: 9002: 8996: 8995: 8985: 8979: 8973: 8967: 8966: 8956: 8950: 8944: 8935: 8929: 8923: 8917: 8911: 8905: 8899: 8893: 8887: 8886: 8866: 8860: 8854: 8848: 8841: 8835: 8829: 8823: 8817: 8811: 8810: 8790: 8784: 8783: 8761: 8755: 8754: 8744: 8720: 8714: 8708: 8702: 8701: 8685: 8675: 8669: 8668: 8658: 8652: 8651: 8642: 8636: 8635: 8625: 8614: 8613: 8593: 8578: 8572: 8559: 8553: 8547: 8546: 8518: 8512: 8506: 8500: 8494: 8485: 8479: 8473: 8467: 8461: 8455: 8446: 8445: 8435: 8426: 8420: 8414: 8408: 8397: 8391: 8380: 8374: 8368: 8367: 8347: 8341: 8335: 8324: 8318: 8312: 8311: 8294:(1/4): 319–329. 8279: 8273: 8267: 8261: 8255: 8240: 8239: 8229: 8211: 8187: 8181: 8180: 8160: 8154: 8153: 8134: 8128: 8127: 8107: 8101: 8100: 8091: 8085: 8079: 8073: 8070: 8064: 8061: 8055: 8049:Pandavleni Caves 8041: 8035: 8029: 8020: 8017: 8011: 8008: 8002: 7999: 7990: 7989: 7969: 7960: 7959: 7949: 7943: 7937: 7928: 7922: 7913: 7912: 7900: 7894: 7888: 7882: 7876: 7870: 7864: 7858: 7857: 7837: 7831: 7830: 7811: 7805: 7804: 7788: 7778: 7772: 7766: 7760: 7759: 7744: 7738: 7732: 7726: 7720: 7714: 7708: 7681: 7675: 7666: 7665: 7648: 7642: 7641: 7631: 7622: 7616: 7610: 7604: 7598: 7587: 7581: 7575: 7574: 7554: 7548: 7542: 7533: 7527: 7521: 7520: 7500: 7494: 7488: 7482: 7481: 7461: 7455: 7454: 7434: 7428: 7427: 7417: 7411: 7410: 7390: 7381: 7380: 7362: 7356: 7355: 7342: 7336: 7335: 7315: 7309: 7303: 7297: 7290: 7284: 7278: 7272: 7268: 7259: 7256: 7247: 7241: 7232: 7226: 7220: 7214: 7208: 7202: 7187: 7181: 7175: 7169: 7163: 7157: 7151: 7150: 7130: 7124: 7123: 7103: 7097: 7091: 7080: 7074: 7068: 7062: 7045: 7038: 7029: 7023: 7017: 7011: 7002: 6996: 6987: 6986: 6966: 6960: 6954: 6943: 6942: 6932: 6926: 6925: 6914: 6908: 6901: 6895: 6894: 6882: 6876: 6875: 6872:Tamil literature 6867: 6861: 6860: 6852: 6846: 6840: 6829: 6823: 6817: 6811: 6768: 6762: 6756: 6750: 6744: 6743: 6726: 6717: 6716: 6714: 6712: 6706:www.cngcoins.com 6698: 6692: 6686: 6667: 6666: 6656: 6645: 6644: 6642: 6640: 6625: 6619: 6618: 6616: 6614: 6608:academic.oup.com 6600: 6594: 6588: 6577: 6571: 6562: 6561: 6541: 6505:History of India 6374: 6372: 6356: 6354: 6338: 6336: 6329:Vijaya Satakarni 6320: 6318: 6287: 6285: 6267: 6265: 6258:aka Pulumavi III 6246: 6244: 6226: 6224: 6206: 6204: 6188: 6186: 6170: 6168: 6152: 6150: 6134: 6132: 6114: 6112: 6096: 6094: 6067: 6065: 6049: 6047: 6031: 6029: 6013: 6011: 5995: 5993: 5977: 5975: 5959: 5957: 5941: 5939: 5921: 5919: 5903: 5901: 5885: 5883: 5864: 5862: 5844: 5842: 5816: 5812: 5795:), Pulomarchis ( 5509:(Vashishtiputra) 5490:), Gotamīputra ( 4534: 4530: 4493:R. G. Bhandarkar 4397:until c. 200 CE 4200: 4196: 4140: 4122: 4110: 4095: 4052:Art of Amaravati 4045:Chhadanta Jataka 3986:Ashmolean Museum 3972:Royal earrings, 3932: 3931:Gāthā Saptashatī 3885:Pandavleni Caves 3864: 3862: 3851: 3836: 3812: 3720: 3707:(more closer to 3683: 3641: 3630: 3460:Pandavleni Caves 3418:Vedic sacrifices 3298: 3287: 3281: 3228: 3156:M. K. Dhavalikar 3109:Huvina Hipparagi 3076:Huvina Hipparagi 3058:in the north to 3000: 2998: 2991: 2989: 2980: 2978: 2969: 2967: 2960: 2958: 2949: 2947: 2938: 2936: 2927: 2925: 2914: 2912: 2901: 2899: 2892: 2890: 2883: 2881: 2872: 2870: 2863: 2861: 2850: 2848: 2841: 2839: 2828: 2826: 2819: 2817: 2806: 2804: 2797: 2795: 2786: 2784: 2775: 2773: 2764: 2762: 2751: 2749: 2740: 2738: 2731: 2729: 2720: 2718: 2712: 2680:Andhra Ikshvakus 2641: 2638: 2554:D. R. Bhandarkar 2548: 2493:Coromandel Coast 2478: 2471:Pandavleni Caves 2389: 2385: 2382: 2365: 2329:restruck by the 2243: 2231: 2212: 2197: 2182: 2170: 2155: 2143: 2128: 2116: 2104: 2094: 2078: 1993:Vedic sacrifices 1936: 1932: 1928: 1911: 1891: 1869: 1841: 1791:Brahmanda Purana 1739: 1737: 1730: 1728: 1721: 1719: 1712: 1710: 1703: 1701: 1694: 1692: 1685: 1683: 1676: 1674: 1667: 1665: 1658: 1656: 1647: 1645: 1636: 1634: 1627: 1625: 1618: 1616: 1609: 1607: 1600: 1598: 1591: 1589: 1582: 1580: 1571: 1569: 1562: 1560: 1550: 1501:R. G. Bhandarkar 1398:Bellary district 1394:V. S. Sukthankar 1326: 1320: 1304: 1282: 1231:Pandavleni Caves 1216:Kurnool district 1125:Kathasaritsagara 1021: 1007: 998: 982: 976: 966: 952: 948: 943: 937: 778: 760: 759: 756: 755: 752: 749: 746: 743: 740: 737: 734: 731: 728: 725: 722: 700: 693: 686: 553: 552: 547: 542:Satavahana kings 538: 537: 514: 513: 500: 499: 486: 485: 478:Vakataka dynasty 472: 471: 458: 457: 444: 443: 432: 431: 419: 418: 405: 404: 398: 397: 382: 381: 372: 369: 357: 354: 222: 220: 215: 208: 206: 199: 197: 190: 188: 179: 177: 170: 168: 159: 157: 150: 148: 139: 137: 130: 128: 119: 117: 108: 106: 99: 97: 88: 86: 77: 71: 58: 55: 51: 48: 40: 39: 32: 31: 21: 20: 13733: 13732: 13728: 13727: 13726: 13724: 13723: 13722: 13678: 13677: 13676: 13671: 13670: 13665: 13656: 13655: 13654: 13604: 13599: 13595: 13590: 13586: 13581: 13577: 13572: 13568: 13563: 13559: 13554: 13550: 13545: 13541: 13536: 13532: 13522: 13511: 13507: 13505:Medieval Cholas 13503: 13499: 13490: 13465: 13463:Medieval Cholas 13461: 13459:Pandyan kingdom 13457: 13453: 13428: 13426:Pandyan kingdom 13424: 13396: 13392: 13388: 13369: 13346: 13340:Advaita Vedanta 13338: 13322: 13318: 13314: 13291: 13278: 13274: 13248: 13246:Kadamba Dynasty 13244: 13240: 13231: 13210: 13206: 13178:Western Satraps 13140:Kuninda Kingdom 13132: 13111: 13107: 13103: 13099: 13097: 13091: 13082: 13059: 13031: 13011: 13007: 13003: 12999: 12997: 12991: 12928:Greek conquests 12861: 12857: 12783: 12777: 12765: 12759: 12713: 12685: 12680: 12665: 12660: 12626: 12597: 12596: 12595: 12490: 12482: 12481: 12480: 12380: 12372: 12371: 12370: 12325: 12317: 12316: 12311: 12310: 12244: 12241: 12239:Colonial states 12231: 12230: 12121:Madurai Kingdom 12094: 12091: 12081: 12080: 12029:Bidar Sultanate 12018:Berar sultanate 11986:Ladakh Kingdom 11976:Gajapati Empire 11956:Garhwal Kingdom 11841:Delhi Sultanate 11814: 11811: 11801: 11800: 11792: 11788: 11770:Chutiya Kingdom 11740:Zamorin Kingdom 11531: 11527: 11519:Maukhari Empire 11509:Chalukya Empire 11500: 11462:Maitraka Empire 11403: 11399: 11382: 11378: 11370:Vakataka Empire 11350:Sasanian Empire 11301: 11244: 11240: 11222:Kuninda Kingdom 11205: 11202: 11200:Middle Kingdoms 11192: 11191: 11182:Parthian Empire 11173: 11169: 11152: 11135: 11118: 11101: 11084: 11080: 10995: 10978: 10889: 10886: 10876: 10875: 10794: 10791: 10781: 10780: 10732: 10717: 10714: 10704: 10703: 10694:Edakkal culture 10667: 10664: 10654: 10653: 10645:Soanian culture 10629: 10626: 10615: 10585: 10556: 10555: 10521:Coinage History 10511:Musical History 10451: 10443: 10442: 10441: 10397: 10389: 10388: 10387: 10332: 10324: 10323: 10322: 10272:Delhi Sultanate 10266: 10256: 10255: 10254: 10190: 10180: 10179: 10178: 10138:, 322 – 185 BCE 10125: 10115: 10114: 10113: 10102:, 345 – 322 BCE 10019: 10007: 9999: 9998: 9997: 9992:3000 – 1000 BCE 9986:7000 – 2600 BCE 9968:7570 – 6200 BCE 9943: 9914: 9907: 9892: 9863: 9862: 9853:Hyderabad State 9838:Gajapati Empire 9818:Recherla Nayaks 9813:Musunuri Nayaks 9803:Velanati Chodas 9778:Pallava dynasty 9758:Andhra Ikshvaku 9743: 9730: 9712: 9663: 9641: 9636: 9631: 9603: 9570: 9549: 9528: 9507: 9486: 9451: 9430: 9410: 9391: 9311: 9261: 9190: 9145: 9123: 9100: 9095: 9094: 9086: 9082: 9077: 9073: 9063: 9061: 9051: 9044: 9034: 9032: 9024: 9023: 9019: 9003: 8999: 8986: 8982: 8976:Dhavalikar 1996 8974: 8970: 8957: 8953: 8947:Dhavalikar 1996 8945: 8938: 8930: 8926: 8918: 8914: 8908:Dhavalikar 2004 8906: 8902: 8896:Dhavalikar 2004 8894: 8890: 8883: 8867: 8863: 8857:Dhavalikar 2004 8855: 8851: 8845:Dhavalikar 2004 8842: 8838: 8832:Dhavalikar 2004 8830: 8826: 8820:Dhavalikar 2004 8818: 8814: 8807: 8791: 8787: 8780: 8762: 8758: 8735:(11): 281–288. 8721: 8717: 8709: 8705: 8698: 8676: 8672: 8659: 8655: 8644: 8643: 8639: 8628: 8626: 8617: 8610: 8594: 8581: 8573: 8562: 8554: 8550: 8535: 8519: 8515: 8507: 8503: 8495: 8488: 8480: 8476: 8468: 8464: 8456: 8449: 8436: 8429: 8421: 8417: 8409: 8400: 8392: 8383: 8375: 8371: 8364: 8348: 8344: 8336: 8327: 8321:Dhavalikar 2004 8319: 8315: 8280: 8276: 8268: 8264: 8256: 8243: 8202:(7): Figure 1. 8188: 8184: 8177: 8161: 8157: 8150: 8136: 8135: 8131: 8124: 8108: 8104: 8092: 8088: 8080: 8076: 8071: 8067: 8062: 8058: 8042: 8038: 8030: 8023: 8018: 8014: 8009: 8005: 8000: 7993: 7986: 7970: 7963: 7950: 7946: 7938: 7931: 7923: 7916: 7901: 7897: 7891:Dhavalikar 2004 7889: 7885: 7877: 7873: 7865: 7861: 7854: 7838: 7834: 7827: 7813: 7812: 7808: 7801: 7779: 7775: 7767: 7763: 7745: 7741: 7733: 7729: 7721: 7717: 7709: 7684: 7676: 7669: 7649: 7645: 7629: 7623: 7619: 7611: 7607: 7599: 7590: 7582: 7578: 7571: 7555: 7551: 7545:Dhavalikar 1996 7543: 7536: 7528: 7524: 7517: 7501: 7497: 7489: 7485: 7462: 7458: 7435: 7431: 7418: 7414: 7391: 7384: 7363: 7359: 7343: 7339: 7332: 7316: 7312: 7304: 7300: 7291: 7287: 7279: 7275: 7269: 7262: 7257: 7250: 7242: 7235: 7227: 7223: 7215: 7211: 7203: 7190: 7182: 7178: 7170: 7166: 7158: 7154: 7147: 7131: 7127: 7120: 7104: 7100: 7092: 7083: 7075: 7071: 7063: 7048: 7039: 7032: 7024: 7020: 7012: 7005: 6997: 6990: 6983: 6967: 6963: 6955: 6946: 6935: 6933: 6929: 6915: 6911: 6902: 6898: 6884: 6883: 6879: 6868: 6864: 6853: 6849: 6841: 6832: 6824: 6820: 6812: 6771: 6763: 6759: 6751: 6747: 6741: 6727: 6720: 6710: 6708: 6700: 6699: 6695: 6687: 6670: 6657: 6648: 6638: 6636: 6626: 6622: 6612: 6610: 6602: 6601: 6597: 6589: 6580: 6572: 6565: 6558: 6542: 6538: 6533: 6528: 6496: 6450:(ca. 88–42 BCE) 6434: 6397: 6384: 6369: 6351: 6333: 6315: 6282: 6262: 6241: 6221: 6201: 6183: 6165: 6147: 6129: 6109: 6091: 6062: 6044: 6026: 6008: 5990: 5972: 5954: 5936: 5916: 5898: 5880: 5859: 5839: 5808: 5191:), Nemi Kṛṣṇa ( 5187:Gorakśāśvaśri ( 4520:Kumarika Khanda 4469: 4460:3rd century CE 4449:3rd century CE 4438:3rd century CE 4427:3rd century CE 4416:3rd century CE 4222:before 100 BCE 4189: 4159: 4152: 4149:Amaravati Stupa 4141: 4132: 4130:Amaravati style 4123: 4114: 4111: 4102: 4096: 4084:Amaravati style 4060: 4058:Amaravati Stupa 4054: 4030: 4014:Buddhist stupas 4010:Amaravati style 4006:Amaravati Stupa 4002: 3966: 3953:) to and fro." 3943: 3899:, circa 150 CE. 3873: 3866: 3859: 3856:Yajna Satakarni 3852: 3843: 3837: 3828: 3813: 3804: 3737: 3736: 3735: 3734: 3733: 3731: 3726: 3722: 3718: 3716: 3692: 3691: 3689: 3685: 3681: 3679: 3666: 3665: 3642: 3633: 3632: 3631: 3622: 3621: 3611: 3551:Inscription of 3545: 3488: 3390:Pompeii Lakshmi 3382: 3332: 3305:lady-in-waiting 3226: 3210: 3193:, Paithan, and 3123:), Modogoulla ( 3119:), Kalligeris ( 3115:), Sirimalaga ( 3111:), Soubouttou ( 3107:), Hippokoura ( 3014: 3013: 3012: 3011: 3008: 3002: 3001: 2996: 2994: 2992: 2987: 2985: 2983: 2981: 2976: 2974: 2972: 2970: 2965: 2963: 2961: 2956: 2954: 2952: 2950: 2945: 2943: 2941: 2939: 2934: 2932: 2930: 2928: 2919: 2917: 2915: 2906: 2904: 2902: 2897: 2895: 2893: 2888: 2886: 2884: 2877: 2875: 2873: 2868: 2866: 2864: 2858: 2855: 2853: 2851: 2846: 2844: 2842: 2833: 2831: 2829: 2824: 2822: 2820: 2811: 2809: 2807: 2802: 2800: 2798: 2791: 2789: 2787: 2780: 2778: 2776: 2769: 2767: 2765: 2756: 2754: 2752: 2745: 2743: 2741: 2736: 2734: 2732: 2727: 2725: 2723: 2721: 2716: 2714: 2704: 2664:, ruled by the 2639: 2628: 2597: 2549: 2546: 2505: 2479: 2464: 2438:Western Satraps 2387: 2383: 2363: 2319: 2297:, the northern 2284:, who composed 2278: 2272: 2270:Western Satraps 2266: 2255: 2244: 2235: 2232: 2223: 2213: 2204: 2198: 2189: 2183: 2174: 2171: 2162: 2159: 2156: 2147: 2146:Pillar capital. 2144: 2135: 2129: 2120: 2117: 2108: 2105: 2084: 2056: 1961: 1960: 1959: 1958: 1949: 1937: 1934: 1930: 1926: 1925: 1921: 1920: 1919: 1912: 1904: 1903: 1892: 1883: 1882: 1876: 1874:Early expansion 1870: 1867: 1858: 1854: 1842: 1839: 1832: 1826: 1753: 1752: 1751: 1750: 1747: 1741: 1740: 1735: 1733: 1731: 1726: 1724: 1722: 1717: 1715: 1713: 1708: 1706: 1704: 1699: 1697: 1695: 1690: 1688: 1686: 1681: 1679: 1677: 1672: 1670: 1668: 1663: 1661: 1659: 1654: 1652: 1650: 1648: 1643: 1641: 1639: 1637: 1632: 1630: 1628: 1623: 1621: 1619: 1614: 1612: 1610: 1605: 1603: 1601: 1596: 1594: 1592: 1587: 1585: 1583: 1578: 1576: 1574: 1572: 1567: 1565: 1563: 1557: 1554: 1552: 1542: 1530: 1439: 1427:Satavahaniratta 1419:Satakarnivisaya 1346: 1345: 1344: 1343: 1342: 1332: 1328: 1324: 1322: 1318: 1316: 1305: 1296: 1295: 1294: 1283: 1274: 1273: 1235:Nashik district 1137: 1071:horse sacrifice 1032:Hindu mythology 1005: 996: 950: 936:(𑀲𑀺𑀭𑀺) 𑀲𑀸 935: 933: 922: 894: 863:Western Satraps 719: 715: 704: 545: 544: 511: 497: 492:Pallava dynasty 483: 469: 455: 450:Andhra Ikshvaku 441: 416: 402: 370: 364: 355: 349: 337:Classical India 321: 308: 276: 262: 257: 243: 232: 231: 227: 226: 225: 224: 223: 218: 213: 211: 209: 204: 202: 200: 195: 193: 191: 186: 184: 182: 180: 175: 173: 171: 166: 164: 162: 160: 155: 153: 151: 146: 144: 142: 140: 135: 133: 131: 126: 124: 122: 120: 115: 113: 111: 109: 104: 102: 100: 95: 93: 91: 89: 84: 82: 80: 78: 56: 49: 41: 34: 33: 26: 17: 12: 11: 5: 13731: 13721: 13720: 13715: 13710: 13705: 13700: 13695: 13690: 13673: 13672: 13667: 13666: 13662: 13661: 13658: 13657: 13653: 13652: 13643: 13634: 13620: 13610: 13603: 13602: 13593: 13584: 13575: 13566: 13557: 13548: 13539: 13529: 13523: 13520: 13519: 13516: 13515: 13494: 13485: 13483: 13481: 13476: 13470: 13469: 13448: 13446: 13441: 13439: 13433: 13432: 13419: 13414: 13412: 13407: 13401: 13400: 13383: 13378: 13373: 13364: 13362: 13360:Indo-Sassanids 13357: 13351: 13350: 13332: 13324: 13323: 13309: 13304: 13302: 13297: 13295: 13286: 13280: 13279: 13269: 13264: 13259: 13253: 13252: 13235: 13233:Varman dynasty 13224: 13219: 13213: 13212: 13200: 13192: 13191: 13186: 13180: 13175: 13170: 13165: 13159: 13158: 13153: 13147: 13146: 13144: 13142: 13137: 13134:Indo-Parthians 13130:Indo-Scythians 13126: 13120: 13119: 13113: 13112: 13086: 13077: 13072: 13066: 13065: 13063: 13021: 13013: 13012: 12986: 12979: 12973: 12972: 12970: 12965: 12958: 12950: 12949: 12946:HISTORICAL AGE 12941: 12940: 12938: 12931: 12924: 12918: 12917: 12912: 12907: 12905: 12900: 12898: 12891: 12885: 12884: 12877: 12848: 12841: 12833: 12832: 12827: 12822: 12820: 12815: 12806: 12801: 12795: 12794: 12787: 12769: 12751: 12743: 12735: 12734: 12726: 12725: 12722: 12719: 12709: 12708: 12706:Southern India 12703: 12702:Central India 12700: 12695: 12682: 12670: 12667: 12666: 12659: 12658: 12651: 12644: 12636: 12628: 12627: 12625: 12624: 12617: 12610: 12602: 12599: 12598: 12594: 12593: 12588: 12583: 12578: 12573: 12568: 12563: 12558: 12553: 12548: 12543: 12538: 12533: 12528: 12523: 12518: 12513: 12508: 12503: 12498: 12492: 12491: 12488: 12487: 12484: 12483: 12479: 12478: 12473: 12468: 12463: 12458: 12453: 12448: 12443: 12438: 12433: 12428: 12423: 12418: 12413: 12408: 12403: 12398: 12393: 12388: 12382: 12381: 12378: 12377: 12374: 12373: 12369: 12368: 12363: 12358: 12353: 12348: 12343: 12338: 12333: 12327: 12326: 12323: 12322: 12319: 12318: 12313: 12312: 12307: 12306: 12303: 12297: 12296: 12293: 12287: 12286: 12283: 12277: 12276: 12273: 12267: 12266: 12263: 12257: 12256: 12253: 12245: 12237: 12236: 12233: 12232: 12227: 12226: 12223: 12217: 12216: 12213: 12207: 12206: 12203: 12197: 12196: 12193: 12191:Maratha Empire 12187: 12186: 12183: 12177: 12176: 12173: 12171:Sikkim Kingdom 12167: 12166: 12163: 12161:Marava Kingdom 12157: 12156: 12153: 12147: 12146: 12143: 12137: 12136: 12133: 12127: 12126: 12123: 12117: 12116: 12113: 12107: 12106: 12103: 12095: 12087: 12086: 12083: 12082: 12077: 12076: 12073: 12067: 12066: 12063: 12061:Keladi Kingdom 12057: 12056: 12053: 12046: 12045: 12042: 12035: 12034: 12031: 12024: 12023: 12020: 12013: 12012: 12009: 12002: 12001: 11998: 11992: 11991: 11988: 11982: 11981: 11978: 11972: 11971: 11968: 11966:Mysore Kingdom 11962: 11961: 11958: 11952: 11951: 11948: 11942: 11941: 11938: 11932: 11931: 11928: 11922: 11921: 11918: 11912: 11911: 11908: 11902: 11901: 11898: 11896:Lodi Sultanate 11891: 11890: 11887: 11880: 11879: 11876: 11869: 11868: 11865: 11858: 11857: 11854: 11847: 11846: 11843: 11837: 11836: 11833: 11831:Ghurid Dynasty 11827: 11826: 11823: 11815: 11807: 11806: 11803: 11802: 11797: 11796: 11782: 11776: 11775: 11772: 11766: 11765: 11762: 11756: 11755: 11752: 11746: 11745: 11742: 11736: 11735: 11732: 11726: 11725: 11722: 11716: 11715: 11712: 11706: 11705: 11702: 11700:Hoysala Empire 11696: 11695: 11692: 11690:Lohara Kingdom 11686: 11685: 11682: 11676: 11675: 11672: 11666: 11665: 11662: 11656: 11655: 11652: 11646: 11645: 11642: 11636: 11635: 11632: 11626: 11625: 11622: 11616: 11615: 11612: 11606: 11605: 11602: 11596: 11595: 11592: 11586: 11585: 11582: 11576: 11575: 11572: 11566: 11565: 11562: 11556: 11555: 11552: 11550:Tibetan Empire 11546: 11545: 11542: 11536: 11535: 11521: 11515: 11514: 11511: 11505: 11504: 11494: 11488: 11487: 11484: 11478: 11477: 11474: 11468: 11467: 11464: 11458: 11457: 11454: 11448: 11447: 11444: 11438: 11437: 11434: 11428: 11427: 11424: 11422:Kadamba Empire 11418: 11417: 11414: 11408: 11407: 11393: 11387: 11386: 11372: 11366: 11365: 11362: 11356: 11355: 11352: 11346: 11345: 11342: 11336: 11335: 11332: 11326: 11325: 11322: 11316: 11315: 11312: 11306: 11305: 11295: 11289: 11288: 11285: 11279: 11278: 11275: 11269: 11268: 11265: 11259: 11258: 11255: 11249: 11248: 11234: 11228: 11227: 11224: 11218: 11217: 11214: 11206: 11198: 11197: 11194: 11193: 11188: 11187: 11184: 11178: 11177: 11163: 11157: 11156: 11146: 11144:Pallava Empire 11140: 11139: 11129: 11123: 11122: 11112: 11106: 11105: 11095: 11089: 11088: 11074: 11068: 11067: 11064: 11062:Seleucid India 11058: 11057: 11054: 11048: 11047: 11044: 11038: 11037: 11034: 11028: 11027: 11024: 11018: 11017: 11014: 11010: 11009: 11006: 11000: 10999: 10989: 10987:Maha Janapadas 10983: 10982: 10972: 10966: 10965: 10962: 10956: 10955: 10952: 10946: 10945: 10942: 10935: 10934: 10931: 10924: 10923: 10922:(1300–1000 BC) 10920: 10913: 10912: 10909: 10902: 10901: 10898: 10890: 10882: 10881: 10878: 10877: 10872: 10871: 10868: 10861: 10860: 10859:(2000–1600 BC) 10857: 10850: 10849: 10846: 10840: 10839: 10838:(1900–1300 BC) 10836: 10829: 10828: 10827:(2600–1900 BC) 10825: 10818: 10817: 10816:(3300–2600 BC) 10814: 10807: 10806: 10805:(3300–1300 BC) 10803: 10795: 10792:(3300–1300 BC) 10787: 10786: 10783: 10782: 10777: 10776: 10773: 10767: 10766: 10765:(1600–1300 BC) 10763: 10757: 10756: 10753: 10747: 10746: 10745:(3000–1500 BC) 10743: 10737: 10736: 10726: 10718: 10715:(3500–1500 BC) 10710: 10709: 10706: 10705: 10700: 10699: 10698:(5000–3000 BC) 10696: 10690: 10689: 10688:(7000–3300 BC) 10686: 10680: 10679: 10678:(7570–6200 BC) 10676: 10668: 10660: 10659: 10656: 10655: 10650: 10649: 10647: 10641: 10640: 10638: 10630: 10622: 10621: 10616: 10611: 10610: 10607: 10606: 10598: 10597: 10587: 10586: 10584: 10583: 10576: 10569: 10561: 10558: 10557: 10554: 10553: 10548: 10543: 10538: 10533: 10528: 10523: 10518: 10513: 10508: 10503: 10498: 10493: 10488: 10483: 10478: 10473: 10468: 10463: 10458: 10452: 10449: 10448: 10445: 10444: 10440: 10439: 10438: 10437: 10431: 10419: 10418: 10417: 10406: 10399: 10398: 10395: 10394: 10391: 10390: 10386: 10385: 10379: 10373: 10367: 10364:Maratha Empire 10361: 10360: 10359: 10350:Mughal Dynasty 10347: 10341: 10338:Mughal Dynasty 10334: 10333: 10330: 10329: 10326: 10325: 10321: 10320: 10314: 10308: 10305:Pandyan Empire 10302: 10301: 10300: 10295: 10293:Sayyid Dynasty 10290: 10288:Tugluq Dynasty 10285: 10283:Khalji Dynasty 10280: 10278:Mamluk Dynasty 10268: 10267: 10262: 10261: 10258: 10257: 10253: 10252: 10246: 10240: 10239: 10238: 10233: 10228: 10217: 10211: 10205: 10199: 10198:, 543 – 753 CE 10192: 10191: 10188:Early medieval 10186: 10185: 10182: 10181: 10177: 10176: 10170: 10164: 10161:Kushan Dynasty 10158: 10153: 10152: 10151: 10145: 10144:, 185 – 73 BCE 10142:Shunga Dynasty 10139: 10136:Maurya Dynasty 10127: 10126: 10121: 10120: 10117: 10116: 10112: 10111: 10105: 10104: 10103: 10097: 10091: 10085: 10073: 10072: 10071: 10070: 10069: 10068: 10067: 10062: 10057: 10047: 10046: 10045: 10035: 10023: 10015: 10008: 10005: 10004: 10001: 10000: 9996: 9995: 9994: 9993: 9987: 9981: 9975: 9969: 9957: 9951: 9945: 9944: 9941: 9940: 9937: 9936: 9930: 9929: 9919: 9918: 9909: 9908: 9901: 9894: 9893: 9891: 9890: 9883: 9876: 9868: 9865: 9864: 9861: 9860: 9855: 9850: 9845: 9840: 9835: 9830: 9825: 9820: 9815: 9810: 9805: 9800: 9795: 9790: 9785: 9780: 9775: 9773:Vishnukundinas 9770: 9765: 9763:Ananda Gotrika 9760: 9755: 9750: 9744: 9741: 9740: 9737: 9736: 9732: 9731: 9729: 9728: 9723: 9717: 9714: 9713: 9705:Andhra Pradesh 9698: 9690: 9689: 9683:Andhra Pradesh 9679: 9678: 9668: 9665: 9664: 9655: 9654: 9640: 9639:External links 9637: 9635: 9634: 9629: 9611:Thapar, Romila 9607: 9601: 9574: 9568: 9553: 9547: 9532: 9526: 9511: 9505: 9490: 9484: 9469: 9455: 9449: 9434: 9428: 9413: 9408: 9395: 9389: 9372: 9361: 9332: 9315: 9309: 9294: 9265: 9259: 9244: 9223: 9205:(2): 197–206. 9194: 9188: 9173: 9149: 9143: 9135:Satavahana Art 9127: 9121: 9101: 9099: 9096: 9093: 9092: 9080: 9071: 9042: 9017: 8997: 8980: 8978:, p. 139. 8968: 8951: 8949:, p. 134. 8936: 8924: 8912: 8900: 8888: 8881: 8861: 8849: 8836: 8824: 8812: 8805: 8785: 8778: 8756: 8715: 8703: 8696: 8670: 8653: 8637: 8615: 8608: 8579: 8577:, p. 163. 8560: 8548: 8533: 8513: 8501: 8486: 8474: 8472:, p. 175. 8462: 8460:, p. 178. 8447: 8427: 8425:, p. 177. 8415: 8413:, p. 173. 8398: 8396:, p. 176. 8381: 8379:, p. 333. 8369: 8362: 8342: 8340:, p. 171. 8325: 8313: 8274: 8272:, p. 439. 8262: 8260:, p. 170. 8241: 8182: 8175: 8155: 8148: 8129: 8122: 8102: 8086: 8074: 8065: 8056: 8036: 8034:, p. 189. 8021: 8012: 8003: 7991: 7984: 7961: 7944: 7929: 7914: 7905:Marshall, John 7895: 7883: 7871: 7859: 7852: 7832: 7825: 7816:Indian History 7806: 7799: 7773: 7761: 7739: 7727: 7725:, p. 382. 7715: 7713:, p. 299. 7682: 7667: 7643: 7640:: 540, note 7. 7617: 7615:, p. 296. 7605: 7588: 7576: 7569: 7549: 7547:, p. 133. 7534: 7522: 7515: 7495: 7483: 7456: 7429: 7412: 7382: 7357: 7337: 7330: 7310: 7298: 7285: 7273: 7260: 7248: 7246:, p. 194. 7233: 7231:, p. 172. 7221: 7209: 7188: 7176: 7164: 7152: 7146:978-9004185258 7145: 7125: 7118: 7098: 7081: 7069: 7067:, p. 169. 7046: 7030: 7018: 7016:, p. 306. 7003: 6988: 6981: 6961: 6959:, p. 167. 6944: 6927: 6909: 6896: 6877: 6862: 6859:. p. 118. 6847: 6845:, p. 166. 6830: 6828:, p. 243. 6818: 6769: 6757: 6745: 6739: 6718: 6693: 6691:, p. 168. 6668: 6646: 6620: 6595: 6593:, p. 172. 6578: 6563: 6556: 6535: 6534: 6532: 6529: 6527: 6524: 6523: 6522: 6517: 6512: 6507: 6502: 6495: 6492: 6491: 6490: 6487: 6484: 6481: 6478: 6475: 6472: 6469: 6466: 6463: 6460: 6457: 6454: 6451: 6444: 6441: 6433: 6430: 6429: 6428: 6425: 6422: 6419: 6416: 6413: 6410: 6407: 6404: 6396: 6393: 6383: 6380: 6377: 6376: 6366: 6363: 6359: 6358: 6348: 6345: 6341: 6340: 6330: 6327: 6323: 6322: 6312: 6307: 6303: 6302: 6299: 6294: 6290: 6289: 6279: 6274: 6270: 6269: 6259: 6253: 6249: 6248: 6238: 6233: 6229: 6228: 6218: 6213: 6209: 6208: 6198: 6195: 6191: 6190: 6180: 6177: 6173: 6172: 6162: 6159: 6155: 6154: 6144: 6141: 6137: 6136: 6126: 6121: 6117: 6116: 6106: 6103: 6099: 6098: 6088: 6085: 6081: 6080: 6077: 6074: 6070: 6069: 6059: 6056: 6052: 6051: 6041: 6038: 6034: 6033: 6023: 6020: 6016: 6015: 6005: 6002: 5998: 5997: 5987: 5984: 5980: 5979: 5969: 5966: 5962: 5961: 5951: 5948: 5944: 5943: 5933: 5928: 5924: 5923: 5913: 5912:Skandhastambhi 5910: 5906: 5905: 5895: 5892: 5888: 5887: 5877: 5871: 5867: 5866: 5856: 5851: 5847: 5846: 5836: 5831: 5827: 5826: 5823: 5820: 5807: 5806:List of rulers 5804: 5801: 5800: 5791:), Pulomavit ( 5785: 5782: 5779: 5776: 5773: 5770: 5767: 5764: 5761: 5758: 5754: 5753: 5736:Candravijaya ( 5734: 5731: 5728: 5725: 5722: 5719: 5716: 5713: 5710: 5707: 5703: 5702: 5700: 5697: 5694: 5691: 5688: 5686: 5683: 5680: 5677: 5674: 5670: 5669: 5658: 5655: 5652: 5649: 5646: 5643: 5640: 5637: 5634: 5629: 5625: 5624: 5622: 5619: 5616: 5614: 5611: 5608: 5605: 5602: 5599: 5594: 5590: 5589: 5582: 5579: 5576: 5574: 5571: 5568: 5565: 5562: 5559: 5556: 5552: 5551: 5532: 5529: 5526: 5524: 5521: 5519: 5516: 5513: 5510: 5504: 5500: 5499: 5484: 5481: 5478: 5475: 5472: 5469: 5466: 5463: 5460: 5455: 5451: 5450: 5445:), Śivasvāmi ( 5439: 5436: 5433: 5430: 5427: 5424: 5421: 5419: 5417: 5414: 5410: 5409: 5407: 5404: 5401: 5398: 5395: 5392: 5389: 5387: 5385: 5382: 5378: 5377: 5372:), Sunandana ( 5366: 5363: 5360: 5357: 5354: 5351: 5348: 5346: 5344: 5341: 5337: 5336: 5317: 5314: 5311: 5308: 5305: 5302: 5299: 5297: 5295: 5292: 5288: 5287: 5278:), Pattalaka ( 5268: 5265: 5262: 5259: 5256: 5253: 5250: 5248: 5246: 5243: 5239: 5238: 5231: 5228: 5225: 5222: 5219: 5217: 5214: 5212: 5210: 5205: 5201: 5200: 5185: 5182: 5179: 5176: 5173: 5171: 5168: 5166: 5164: 5161: 5157: 5156: 5134: 5131: 5128: 5125: 5122: 5120: 5117: 5115: 5112: 5109: 5105: 5104: 5102: 5099: 5097: 5095: 5092: 5089: 5087: 5085: 5083: 5080: 5076: 5075: 5073: 5070: 5068: 5066: 5063: 5060: 5058: 5056: 5054: 5051: 5047: 5046: 5039: 5036: 5034: 5032: 5029: 5026: 5024: 5022: 5020: 5017: 5013: 5012: 5005: 5002: 5000: 4998: 4995: 4992: 4990: 4988: 4986: 4983: 4979: 4978: 4976: 4973: 4970: 4968: 4965: 4962: 4959: 4957: 4955: 4952: 4948: 4947: 4940: 4937: 4934: 4932: 4929: 4926: 4923: 4921: 4918: 4915: 4911: 4910: 4895: 4892: 4889: 4886: 4883: 4880: 4877: 4875: 4872: 4869: 4865: 4864: 4862: 4859: 4856: 4854: 4851: 4848: 4845: 4843: 4841: 4838: 4834: 4833: 4831: 4828: 4825: 4822: 4819: 4816: 4813: 4810: 4807: 4802: 4798: 4797: 4790: 4787: 4785: 4783: 4780: 4777: 4775: 4773: 4771: 4768: 4764: 4763: 4756: 4753: 4750: 4748: 4745: 4742: 4739: 4737: 4735: 4732: 4728: 4727: 4712: 4709: 4706: 4703: 4700: 4697: 4694: 4691: 4688: 4683: 4679: 4678: 4676: 4673: 4670: 4667: 4664: 4661: 4658: 4655: 4652: 4646: 4642: 4641: 4636:), Chhismaka ( 4622: 4619: 4616: 4613: 4610: 4607: 4604: 4601: 4598: 4593: 4589: 4588: 4585: 4584:Reign (years) 4582: 4575: 4568: 4561: 4554: 4547: 4544: 4541: 4538: 4468: 4465: 4462: 4461: 4458: 4455: 4451: 4450: 4447: 4444: 4440: 4439: 4436: 4433: 4429: 4428: 4425: 4422: 4418: 4417: 4414: 4411: 4407: 4406: 4399: 4398: 4395: 4392: 4388: 4387: 4386:c. 152–181 CE 4384: 4379: 4375: 4374: 4373:c. 145–152 CE 4371: 4366: 4362: 4361: 4360:c. 145–152 CE 4358: 4355: 4351: 4350: 4349:c. 138–145 CE 4347: 4342: 4338: 4337: 4336:c. 110–138 CE 4334: 4329: 4325: 4324: 4321: 4316: 4312: 4311: 4305: 4304: 4301: 4293: 4289: 4288: 4285: 4277: 4273: 4272: 4263: 4262: 4259: 4254: 4250: 4249: 4246: 4241: 4237: 4236: 4235:c. 100–70 BCE 4233: 4228: 4224: 4223: 4220: 4215: 4211: 4210: 4207: 4204: 4188: 4185: 4180: 4179: 4175: 4158: 4157:List of rulers 4155: 4154: 4153: 4142: 4135: 4133: 4124: 4117: 4115: 4112: 4105: 4103: 4097: 4090: 4076:Andhra Pradesh 4056:Main article: 4053: 4050: 4038:chaitya-grihas 4029: 4026: 4022:Nagarjunakonda 4008:and the wider 4001: 3998: 3990:British Museum 3974:Andhra Pradesh 3965: 3962: 3942: 3939: 3872: 3869: 3868: 3867: 3853: 3846: 3844: 3841:British Museum 3838: 3831: 3829: 3814: 3807: 3803: 3802:Other examples 3800: 3643: 3636: 3635: 3634: 3625: 3624: 3623: 3615: 3614: 3613: 3612: 3610: 3607: 3573:Nashik Cave 19 3544: 3541: 3517:vasanta-tilaka 3487: 3484: 3420:, and claimed 3398:Mount Vesuvius 3381: 3378: 3331: 3328: 3267: 3266: 3263: 3256: 3253: 3250: 3247: 3209: 3208:Administration 3206: 3068:M. Govinda Pai 3042:Madhya Pradesh 3022:Andhra Pradesh 3009: 3004: 3003: 2707: 2706: 2705: 2703: 2700: 2699: 2698: 2692: 2682: 2670:Eastern part ( 2668: 2666:Abhira dynasty 2658: 2644:Nagarjunakonda 2627: 2624: 2609:British Museum 2596: 2595:Second revival 2593: 2570:Charles Higham 2544: 2504: 2501: 2462: 2454:Indo-Parthians 2345:The defeated " 2318: 2315: 2295:Deccan Plateau 2268:Main article: 2265: 2262: 2259: 2258: 2257: 2256: 2245: 2238: 2236: 2233: 2226: 2224: 2214: 2207: 2205: 2199: 2192: 2190: 2184: 2177: 2175: 2172: 2165: 2161: 2160: 2157: 2150: 2148: 2145: 2138: 2136: 2130: 2123: 2121: 2118: 2111: 2109: 2106: 2099: 2095: 2087: 2086: 2055: 2052: 2037:Mauryan Empire 1955:Siri Satakarni 1947:Ānaṁdasa dānaṁ 1923: 1922: 1913: 1906: 1905: 1893: 1886: 1885: 1884: 1880: 1879: 1878: 1877: 1875: 1872: 1865: 1837: 1762:. The various 1748: 1743: 1742: 1545: 1544: 1543: 1541: 1538: 1529: 1526: 1510:works and the 1438: 1435: 1423:Satavahanihara 1382:Andhrabhrityas 1306: 1299: 1298: 1297: 1284: 1277: 1276: 1275: 1271: 1270: 1269: 1268: 1251:Madhya Pradesh 1185:Andhra Pradesh 1177:R.G Bhandarkar 1136: 1133: 1109:Cilappatikaram 1085:("horse") and 1065:("horse") and 1006:𑀲𑀸𑀢𑀯𑀸𑀳𑀦 997:𑀲𑀸𑀤𑀯𑀸𑀳𑀦 928:Early coin of 921: 918: 906:Andhra Pradesh 893: 890: 853:. In the post- 834:(Paithan) and 824:Madhya Pradesh 808:Andhra Pradesh 797:ancient Indian 789:Andhra-jatiyas 785:Andhra-bhṛtyas 706: 705: 703: 702: 695: 688: 680: 677: 676: 673: 672: 669: 663: 662: 659: 653: 652: 649: 643: 642: 639: 633: 632: 629: 623: 622: 619: 613: 612: 609: 603: 602: 599: 593: 592: 589: 583: 582: 579: 573: 572: 563: 549: 548: 534: 533: 528: 524: 523: 520: 519: 516: 515: 508: 506:Abhira dynasty 502: 501: 494: 488: 487: 480: 474: 473: 466: 460: 459: 452: 446: 445: 438: 429: 426: 425: 420: 412: 411: 406: 394: 393: 388: 378: 377: 374: 373: 365: 362: 359: 358: 356: 228 BCE 350: 347: 344: 343: 340: 339: 334: 333:Historical era 330: 329: 326: 325: 322: 319: 316: 315: 309: 306: 303: 302: 299: 298: 295: 289: 288: 285: 281: 280: 271: 267: 266: 252: 248: 247: 238: 234: 233: 229: 228: 72: 66: 65: 64: 63: 60: 59: 50: 228 BCE 43: 42: 30:𑀲𑀸𑀢𑀯𑀸𑀳𑀦 27: 24: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 13730: 13719: 13716: 13714: 13711: 13709: 13706: 13704: 13701: 13699: 13696: 13694: 13691: 13689: 13686: 13685: 13683: 13649: 13644: 13640: 13635: 13631: 13630: 13625: 13621: 13617: 13612: 13611: 13609: 13608: 13597: 13588: 13579: 13570: 13561: 13552: 13543: 13534: 13530: 13528: 13527: 13517: 13514: 13510: 13506: 13502: 13498: 13495: 13493: 13489: 13486: 13484: 13482: 13480: 13477: 13475: 13472: 13471: 13468: 13464: 13460: 13456: 13452: 13449: 13447: 13445: 13442: 13440: 13438: 13435: 13434: 13431: 13427: 13423: 13420: 13418: 13413: 13411: 13406: 13403: 13402: 13399: 13395: 13391: 13387: 13384: 13382: 13377: 13374: 13372: 13368: 13365: 13363: 13361: 13356: 13353: 13352: 13349: 13345: 13341: 13336: 13331: 13330: 13326: 13325: 13321: 13317: 13313: 13312:Vishnukundina 13310: 13308: 13303: 13301: 13298: 13296: 13294: 13290: 13287: 13285: 13282: 13281: 13277: 13273: 13272:Vishnukundina 13270: 13268: 13263: 13258: 13255: 13254: 13251: 13247: 13243: 13239: 13236: 13234: 13230: 13229: 13223: 13220: 13218: 13215: 13214: 13209: 13204: 13199: 13198: 13194: 13193: 13190: 13187: 13184: 13181: 13179: 13176: 13174: 13173:Kushan Empire 13171: 13169: 13166: 13164: 13161: 13160: 13157: 13156:Kushan Empire 13152: 13149: 13148: 13145: 13143: 13141: 13138: 13136: 13135: 13131: 13125: 13122: 13121: 13118: 13115: 13114: 13110: 13106: 13102: 13096: 13095: 13094:Sangam period 13090: 13085: 13081: 13080:Shunga Empire 13076: 13071: 13068: 13067: 13064: 13062: 13058: 13054: 13053:Brahma Sutras 13050: 13049:Bhagavad Gita 13046: 13042: 13038: 13034: 13029: 13025: 13020: 13019: 13015: 13014: 13010: 13006: 13002: 12996: 12995: 12994:Sangam period 12990: 12987: 12985: 12984: 12983:Maurya Empire 12978: 12975: 12974: 12971: 12969: 12966: 12964: 12963: 12957: 12956: 12952: 12951: 12948: 12947: 12942: 12939: 12937: 12936: 12929: 12923: 12920: 12919: 12916: 12913: 12911: 12906: 12904: 12901: 12899: 12896: 12890: 12887: 12886: 12883: 12882: 12876: 12872: 12868: 12864: 12860: 12856: 12854: 12847: 12846: 12840: 12839: 12835: 12834: 12831: 12828: 12826: 12823: 12821: 12819: 12816: 12814: 12810: 12807: 12805: 12802: 12800: 12797: 12796: 12793: 12792: 12786: 12781: 12776: 12775: 12768: 12763: 12758: 12757: 12750: 12749: 12742: 12741: 12737: 12736: 12733: 12732: 12727: 12723: 12720: 12717: 12711: 12710: 12707: 12699: 12693: 12689: 12677: 12674: 12673: 12668: 12664: 12657: 12652: 12650: 12645: 12643: 12638: 12637: 12634: 12623: 12618: 12616: 12611: 12609: 12604: 12603: 12601: 12600: 12592: 12589: 12587: 12584: 12582: 12579: 12577: 12574: 12572: 12569: 12567: 12564: 12562: 12559: 12557: 12554: 12552: 12549: 12547: 12544: 12542: 12539: 12537: 12534: 12532: 12529: 12527: 12524: 12522: 12519: 12517: 12514: 12512: 12509: 12507: 12504: 12502: 12499: 12497: 12494: 12493: 12486: 12485: 12477: 12474: 12472: 12469: 12467: 12464: 12462: 12459: 12457: 12454: 12452: 12449: 12447: 12446:Uttar Pradesh 12444: 12442: 12439: 12437: 12434: 12432: 12429: 12427: 12424: 12422: 12419: 12417: 12414: 12412: 12409: 12407: 12404: 12402: 12399: 12397: 12394: 12392: 12389: 12387: 12384: 12383: 12376: 12375: 12367: 12364: 12362: 12359: 12357: 12354: 12352: 12349: 12347: 12344: 12342: 12339: 12337: 12334: 12332: 12329: 12328: 12321: 12320: 12304: 12302: 12299: 12298: 12294: 12292: 12289: 12288: 12284: 12282: 12279: 12278: 12274: 12272: 12269: 12268: 12264: 12262: 12259: 12258: 12254: 12252: 12249: 12248: 12240: 12235: 12234: 12224: 12222: 12219: 12218: 12214: 12212: 12209: 12208: 12204: 12202: 12199: 12198: 12194: 12192: 12189: 12188: 12184: 12182: 12179: 12178: 12174: 12172: 12169: 12168: 12164: 12162: 12159: 12158: 12154: 12152: 12149: 12148: 12144: 12142: 12139: 12138: 12134: 12132: 12129: 12128: 12124: 12122: 12119: 12118: 12114: 12112: 12109: 12108: 12104: 12102: 12101:Mughal Empire 12099: 12098: 12090: 12085: 12084: 12074: 12072: 12069: 12068: 12064: 12062: 12059: 12058: 12054: 12052: 12048: 12047: 12043: 12041: 12037: 12036: 12032: 12030: 12026: 12025: 12021: 12019: 12015: 12014: 12010: 12008: 12004: 12003: 11999: 11997: 11994: 11993: 11989: 11987: 11984: 11983: 11979: 11977: 11974: 11973: 11969: 11967: 11964: 11963: 11959: 11957: 11954: 11953: 11949: 11947: 11944: 11943: 11939: 11937: 11934: 11933: 11929: 11927: 11926:Reddy Kingdom 11924: 11923: 11919: 11917: 11914: 11913: 11909: 11907: 11904: 11903: 11899: 11897: 11893: 11892: 11888: 11886: 11882: 11881: 11877: 11875: 11871: 11870: 11866: 11864: 11860: 11859: 11855: 11853: 11849: 11848: 11844: 11842: 11839: 11838: 11834: 11832: 11829: 11828: 11824: 11822: 11819: 11818: 11810: 11805: 11804: 11783: 11781: 11778: 11777: 11773: 11771: 11768: 11767: 11763: 11761: 11758: 11757: 11753: 11751: 11748: 11747: 11743: 11741: 11738: 11737: 11733: 11731: 11728: 11727: 11723: 11721: 11718: 11717: 11713: 11711: 11708: 11707: 11703: 11701: 11698: 11697: 11693: 11691: 11688: 11687: 11683: 11681: 11678: 11677: 11673: 11671: 11668: 11667: 11663: 11661: 11658: 11657: 11653: 11651: 11650:Yadava Empire 11648: 11647: 11643: 11641: 11638: 11637: 11633: 11631: 11628: 11627: 11623: 11621: 11618: 11617: 11613: 11611: 11608: 11607: 11603: 11601: 11598: 11597: 11593: 11591: 11588: 11587: 11583: 11581: 11578: 11577: 11573: 11571: 11568: 11567: 11563: 11561: 11558: 11557: 11553: 11551: 11548: 11547: 11543: 11541: 11540:Harsha Empire 11538: 11537: 11522: 11520: 11517: 11516: 11512: 11510: 11507: 11506: 11495: 11493: 11490: 11489: 11485: 11483: 11480: 11479: 11475: 11473: 11470: 11469: 11465: 11463: 11460: 11459: 11455: 11453: 11450: 11449: 11445: 11443: 11440: 11439: 11435: 11433: 11430: 11429: 11425: 11423: 11420: 11419: 11415: 11413: 11410: 11409: 11394: 11392: 11389: 11388: 11373: 11371: 11368: 11367: 11363: 11361: 11358: 11357: 11353: 11351: 11348: 11347: 11343: 11341: 11338: 11337: 11333: 11331: 11328: 11327: 11323: 11321: 11320:Kushan Empire 11318: 11317: 11313: 11311: 11308: 11307: 11296: 11294: 11291: 11290: 11286: 11284: 11281: 11280: 11276: 11274: 11271: 11270: 11266: 11264: 11261: 11260: 11256: 11254: 11253:Shunga Empire 11251: 11250: 11235: 11233: 11232:Mitra Dynasty 11230: 11229: 11225: 11223: 11220: 11219: 11215: 11213: 11210: 11209: 11201: 11196: 11195: 11185: 11183: 11180: 11179: 11174: AD 500 11170: 250 BC 11164: 11162: 11159: 11158: 11153: 250 AD 11147: 11145: 11142: 11141: 11136: 300 BC 11130: 11128: 11125: 11124: 11119: 300 BC 11113: 11111: 11110:Chera Kingdom 11108: 11107: 11102: 300 BC 11096: 11094: 11093:Pandya Empire 11091: 11090: 11085: 300 AD 11081: 300 BC 11075: 11073: 11072:Sangam period 11070: 11069: 11065: 11063: 11060: 11059: 11055: 11053: 11052:Maurya Empire 11050: 11049: 11045: 11043: 11040: 11039: 11035: 11033: 11030: 11029: 11025: 11023: 11020: 11019: 11015: 11012: 11011: 11007: 11005: 11002: 11001: 10990: 10988: 10985: 10984: 10979: 600 BC 10973: 10971: 10968: 10967: 10963: 10961: 10958: 10957: 10953: 10951: 10948: 10947: 10943: 10941: 10937: 10936: 10933:(1200–600 BC) 10932: 10930: 10926: 10925: 10921: 10919: 10915: 10914: 10911:(1500–600 BC) 10910: 10908: 10904: 10903: 10900:(1500–500 BC) 10899: 10897: 10894: 10893: 10887:(1500–200 BC) 10885: 10880: 10879: 10870:(1600–500 BC) 10869: 10867: 10863: 10862: 10858: 10856: 10852: 10851: 10848:(2000–500 BC) 10847: 10845: 10842: 10841: 10837: 10835: 10831: 10830: 10826: 10824: 10820: 10819: 10815: 10813: 10809: 10808: 10804: 10802: 10799: 10798: 10790: 10785: 10784: 10775:(1400–700 BC) 10774: 10772: 10771:Jorwe culture 10769: 10768: 10764: 10762: 10761:Malwa culture 10759: 10758: 10755:(1600–750 BC) 10754: 10752: 10751:Pandu culture 10749: 10748: 10744: 10742: 10739: 10738: 10727: 10725: 10722: 10721: 10713: 10708: 10707: 10697: 10695: 10692: 10691: 10687: 10685: 10682: 10681: 10677: 10675: 10672: 10671: 10663: 10658: 10657: 10648: 10646: 10643: 10642: 10639: 10637: 10634: 10633: 10625: 10620: 10619: 10614: 10609: 10608: 10604: 10600: 10599: 10596: 10593: 10592: 10582: 10577: 10575: 10570: 10568: 10563: 10562: 10560: 10559: 10552: 10549: 10547: 10546:Naval History 10544: 10542: 10539: 10537: 10534: 10532: 10529: 10527: 10524: 10522: 10519: 10517: 10514: 10512: 10509: 10507: 10504: 10502: 10499: 10497: 10494: 10492: 10489: 10487: 10484: 10482: 10479: 10477: 10474: 10472: 10469: 10467: 10464: 10462: 10459: 10457: 10454: 10453: 10447: 10446: 10435: 10432: 10429: 10426: 10425: 10423: 10420: 10416: 10413: 10412: 10410: 10407: 10404: 10401: 10400: 10393: 10392: 10383: 10380: 10377: 10374: 10371: 10368: 10365: 10362: 10357: 10354: 10353: 10351: 10348: 10345: 10342: 10339: 10336: 10335: 10328: 10327: 10318: 10315: 10312: 10309: 10306: 10303: 10299: 10298:Lodhi Dynasty 10296: 10294: 10291: 10289: 10286: 10284: 10281: 10279: 10276: 10275: 10273: 10270: 10269: 10265: 10264:Late medieval 10260: 10259: 10250: 10247: 10244: 10243:Chola Dynasty 10241: 10237: 10234: 10232: 10229: 10227: 10224: 10223: 10221: 10218: 10215: 10214:Arab Invasion 10212: 10209: 10206: 10203: 10200: 10197: 10194: 10193: 10189: 10184: 10183: 10174: 10173:Gupta Dynasty 10171: 10168: 10165: 10162: 10159: 10157: 10156:Sangam period 10154: 10150:, 73 – 28 BCE 10149: 10148:Kanva Dynasty 10146: 10143: 10140: 10137: 10134: 10133: 10132: 10129: 10128: 10124: 10119: 10118: 10109: 10108:Mahajanapadas 10106: 10101: 10100:Nanda Dynasty 10098: 10096:413 – 345 BCE 10095: 10092: 10090:544 – 413 BCE 10089: 10086: 10083: 10080: 10079: 10078: 10075: 10074: 10066: 10063: 10061: 10058: 10056: 10053: 10052: 10051: 10048: 10044: 10041: 10040: 10039: 10036: 10033: 10030: 10029: 10027: 10024: 10021: 10016: 10013: 10010: 10009: 10003: 10002: 9991: 9988: 9985: 9982: 9979: 9976: 9973: 9970: 9967: 9964: 9963: 9961: 9958: 9955: 9952: 9950: 9947: 9946: 9939: 9938: 9935: 9932: 9931: 9925: 9921: 9920: 9917: 9911: 9910: 9905: 9900: 9899: 9889: 9884: 9882: 9877: 9875: 9870: 9869: 9867: 9866: 9859: 9856: 9854: 9851: 9849: 9846: 9844: 9841: 9839: 9836: 9834: 9833:Reddy dynasty 9831: 9829: 9826: 9824: 9821: 9819: 9816: 9814: 9811: 9809: 9806: 9804: 9801: 9799: 9796: 9794: 9791: 9789: 9788:Chola dynasty 9786: 9784: 9781: 9779: 9776: 9774: 9771: 9769: 9766: 9764: 9761: 9759: 9756: 9754: 9751: 9749: 9746: 9745: 9739: 9738: 9734: 9733: 9727: 9724: 9722: 9719: 9718: 9716: 9715: 9710: 9706: 9702: 9701:Telugu people 9696: 9692: 9691: 9688: 9684: 9681: 9680: 9676: 9672: 9671: 9666: 9659: 9652: 9647: 9643: 9642: 9632: 9626: 9622: 9618: 9617: 9612: 9608: 9604: 9602:9780521770200 9598: 9594: 9591:. Cambridge: 9590: 9589: 9584: 9580: 9575: 9571: 9565: 9561: 9560: 9554: 9550: 9544: 9540: 9539: 9533: 9529: 9523: 9519: 9518: 9512: 9508: 9502: 9498: 9497: 9491: 9487: 9485:9788122411980 9481: 9477: 9476: 9470: 9466: 9465: 9460: 9456: 9452: 9446: 9442: 9441: 9435: 9431: 9429:9780195619416 9425: 9421: 9420: 9414: 9411: 9405: 9401: 9396: 9392: 9386: 9381: 9380: 9373: 9369: 9368: 9362: 9358: 9354: 9350: 9346: 9342: 9338: 9333: 9329: 9325: 9321: 9316: 9312: 9306: 9302: 9301: 9295: 9291: 9287: 9283: 9279: 9275: 9271: 9266: 9262: 9260:9781438109961 9256: 9252: 9251: 9245: 9241: 9237: 9233: 9229: 9224: 9220: 9216: 9212: 9208: 9204: 9200: 9195: 9191: 9185: 9181: 9180: 9174: 9170: 9166: 9162: 9158: 9154: 9150: 9146: 9140: 9136: 9132: 9128: 9124: 9122:9788120829411 9118: 9114: 9110: 9109: 9103: 9102: 9089: 9084: 9075: 9060: 9056: 9049: 9047: 9031: 9027: 9021: 9013: 9012: 9007: 9006:Robert Sewell 9001: 8993: 8992: 8984: 8977: 8972: 8964: 8963: 8955: 8948: 8943: 8941: 8933: 8932:Sinopoli 2001 8928: 8922:, p. 20. 8921: 8916: 8909: 8904: 8898:, p. 95. 8897: 8892: 8884: 8882:9788131719589 8878: 8874: 8873: 8865: 8859:, p. 91. 8858: 8853: 8846: 8840: 8833: 8828: 8821: 8816: 8808: 8806:9788126011940 8802: 8798: 8797: 8789: 8781: 8775: 8771: 8767: 8760: 8752: 8748: 8743: 8738: 8734: 8730: 8726: 8719: 8713:, p. 53. 8712: 8707: 8699: 8697:9780520059917 8693: 8689: 8684: 8683: 8674: 8666: 8665: 8657: 8649: 8648: 8641: 8633: 8632: 8624: 8622: 8620: 8611: 8609:9788120829732 8605: 8601: 8600: 8592: 8590: 8588: 8586: 8584: 8576: 8575:Sinopoli 2001 8571: 8569: 8567: 8565: 8558:, p. 43. 8557: 8552: 8544: 8540: 8536: 8534:81-86073-86-8 8530: 8526: 8525: 8517: 8511:, p. 38. 8510: 8505: 8499:, p. 41. 8498: 8493: 8491: 8483: 8482:Sinopoli 2001 8478: 8471: 8470:Sinopoli 2001 8466: 8459: 8458:Sinopoli 2001 8454: 8452: 8443: 8442: 8434: 8432: 8424: 8423:Sinopoli 2001 8419: 8412: 8411:Sinopoli 2001 8407: 8405: 8403: 8395: 8394:Sinopoli 2001 8390: 8388: 8386: 8378: 8373: 8365: 8363:9780199088683 8359: 8355: 8354: 8346: 8339: 8338:Sinopoli 2001 8334: 8332: 8330: 8323:, p. 22. 8322: 8317: 8309: 8305: 8301: 8297: 8293: 8289: 8285: 8278: 8271: 8270:Sinopoli 2001 8266: 8259: 8258:Sinopoli 2001 8254: 8252: 8250: 8248: 8246: 8237: 8233: 8228: 8223: 8219: 8215: 8210: 8205: 8201: 8197: 8193: 8186: 8178: 8172: 8168: 8167: 8159: 8151: 8145: 8141: 8140: 8133: 8125: 8119: 8115: 8114: 8106: 8098: 8097:Ancient India 8090: 8084:, p. 52. 8083: 8078: 8069: 8060: 8054: 8050: 8046: 8040: 8033: 8028: 8026: 8016: 8007: 7998: 7996: 7987: 7985:9788192510750 7981: 7977: 7976: 7968: 7966: 7958:. p. 60. 7957: 7956: 7948: 7942:, p. 44. 7941: 7936: 7934: 7927:, p. 43. 7926: 7921: 7919: 7911:. p. 52. 7910: 7906: 7899: 7893:, p. 19. 7892: 7887: 7880: 7875: 7868: 7863: 7855: 7853:9788120808249 7849: 7845: 7844: 7836: 7828: 7826:9781259063237 7822: 7818: 7817: 7810: 7802: 7796: 7792: 7787: 7786: 7777: 7770: 7765: 7757: 7753: 7749: 7743: 7736: 7731: 7724: 7719: 7712: 7707: 7705: 7703: 7701: 7699: 7697: 7695: 7693: 7691: 7689: 7687: 7680: 7674: 7672: 7663: 7659: 7655: 7647: 7639: 7635: 7628: 7621: 7614: 7609: 7602: 7597: 7595: 7593: 7586:, p. 42. 7585: 7580: 7572: 7566: 7562: 7561: 7553: 7546: 7541: 7539: 7531: 7530:Sinopoli 2001 7526: 7518: 7516:9788121503488 7512: 7508: 7507: 7499: 7492: 7487: 7479: 7475: 7471: 7467: 7460: 7452: 7448: 7444: 7440: 7439:East and West 7433: 7425: 7424: 7416: 7408: 7404: 7400: 7396: 7389: 7387: 7378: 7374: 7370: 7369: 7361: 7354: 7350: 7349: 7341: 7333: 7327: 7323: 7322: 7314: 7308:, p. 43. 7307: 7302: 7295: 7289: 7282: 7277: 7267: 7265: 7255: 7253: 7245: 7240: 7238: 7230: 7225: 7218: 7217:Sinopoli 2001 7213: 7206: 7201: 7199: 7197: 7195: 7193: 7185: 7184:Sinopoli 2001 7180: 7173: 7168: 7161: 7156: 7148: 7142: 7138: 7137: 7129: 7121: 7119:9783447025225 7115: 7111: 7110: 7102: 7096:, p. 45. 7095: 7090: 7088: 7086: 7078: 7073: 7066: 7065:Sinopoli 2001 7061: 7059: 7057: 7055: 7053: 7051: 7043: 7037: 7035: 7027: 7022: 7015: 7010: 7008: 7001:, p. 43. 7000: 6995: 6993: 6984: 6982:9788120709300 6978: 6974: 6973: 6965: 6958: 6957:Sinopoli 2001 6953: 6951: 6949: 6940: 6939: 6931: 6923: 6922: 6913: 6906: 6900: 6892: 6888: 6881: 6874:. p. 42. 6873: 6866: 6858: 6851: 6844: 6843:Sinopoli 2001 6839: 6837: 6835: 6827: 6822: 6815: 6810: 6808: 6806: 6804: 6802: 6800: 6798: 6796: 6794: 6792: 6790: 6788: 6786: 6784: 6782: 6780: 6778: 6776: 6774: 6766: 6761: 6754: 6749: 6742: 6736: 6732: 6725: 6723: 6707: 6703: 6697: 6690: 6689:Sinopoli 2001 6685: 6683: 6681: 6679: 6677: 6675: 6673: 6665:. p. 93. 6664: 6663: 6655: 6653: 6651: 6635: 6631: 6624: 6609: 6605: 6599: 6592: 6591:Sinopoli 2001 6587: 6585: 6583: 6576:, p. 39. 6575: 6570: 6568: 6559: 6553: 6549: 6548: 6540: 6536: 6521: 6518: 6516: 6513: 6511: 6508: 6506: 6503: 6501: 6498: 6497: 6488: 6485: 6482: 6479: 6476: 6473: 6470: 6467: 6464: 6461: 6458: 6455: 6452: 6449: 6445: 6442: 6439: 6438: 6437: 6426: 6423: 6420: 6417: 6414: 6411: 6408: 6405: 6402: 6401: 6400: 6392: 6388: 6367: 6364: 6361: 6360: 6349: 6346: 6343: 6342: 6331: 6328: 6325: 6324: 6313: 6311: 6308: 6305: 6304: 6301:(r. 165–172) 6300: 6298: 6295: 6292: 6291: 6280: 6278: 6275: 6272: 6271: 6260: 6257: 6256:Vasisthiputra 6254: 6251: 6250: 6239: 6237: 6234: 6231: 6230: 6219: 6217: 6214: 6211: 6210: 6199: 6196: 6193: 6192: 6181: 6178: 6175: 6174: 6163: 6160: 6157: 6156: 6145: 6142: 6139: 6138: 6127: 6125: 6122: 6119: 6118: 6107: 6105:Gaura Krishna 6104: 6101: 6100: 6089: 6086: 6083: 6082: 6078: 6076:Satakarni III 6075: 6072: 6071: 6060: 6057: 6054: 6053: 6042: 6039: 6036: 6035: 6024: 6021: 6018: 6017: 6006: 6003: 6000: 5999: 5988: 5985: 5982: 5981: 5970: 5967: 5964: 5963: 5952: 5949: 5946: 5945: 5934: 5932: 5929: 5926: 5925: 5914: 5911: 5908: 5907: 5896: 5893: 5890: 5889: 5878: 5875: 5872: 5869: 5868: 5857: 5855: 5852: 5849: 5848: 5837: 5835: 5832: 5829: 5828: 5824: 5821: 5818: 5817: 5811: 5798: 5794: 5790: 5786: 5783: 5780: 5777: 5774: 5771: 5768: 5765: 5762: 5759: 5756: 5755: 5751: 5747: 5743: 5740:), Daṇḍaśri ( 5739: 5735: 5732: 5729: 5726: 5723: 5720: 5717: 5714: 5711: 5708: 5705: 5704: 5701: 5698: 5695: 5692: 5689: 5687: 5684: 5681: 5678: 5675: 5672: 5671: 5667: 5663: 5659: 5656: 5653: 5650: 5647: 5644: 5641: 5638: 5635: 5633: 5630: 5627: 5626: 5623: 5620: 5617: 5615: 5612: 5609: 5606: 5603: 5600: 5598: 5595: 5592: 5591: 5587: 5583: 5580: 5577: 5575: 5572: 5569: 5566: 5563: 5560: 5557: 5554: 5553: 5549: 5546:). See also: 5545: 5541: 5537: 5533: 5530: 5527: 5525: 5522: 5520: 5517: 5514: 5511: 5508: 5505: 5502: 5501: 5497: 5493: 5489: 5485: 5482: 5479: 5476: 5473: 5470: 5467: 5464: 5461: 5459: 5456: 5453: 5452: 5448: 5444: 5440: 5437: 5434: 5431: 5428: 5425: 5422: 5420: 5418: 5415: 5412: 5411: 5408: 5405: 5402: 5399: 5396: 5393: 5390: 5388: 5386: 5383: 5380: 5379: 5375: 5371: 5367: 5364: 5361: 5358: 5355: 5352: 5349: 5347: 5345: 5342: 5339: 5338: 5334: 5330: 5326: 5322: 5319:Purīṣabhiru ( 5318: 5315: 5312: 5309: 5306: 5303: 5300: 5298: 5296: 5293: 5290: 5289: 5285: 5281: 5277: 5273: 5269: 5266: 5263: 5260: 5257: 5254: 5251: 5249: 5247: 5244: 5241: 5240: 5236: 5232: 5229: 5226: 5223: 5220: 5218: 5215: 5213: 5211: 5209: 5206: 5203: 5202: 5198: 5194: 5190: 5186: 5183: 5180: 5177: 5174: 5172: 5169: 5167: 5165: 5162: 5159: 5158: 5155: 5151: 5147: 5144:), Paṭimavi ( 5143: 5139: 5135: 5132: 5129: 5126: 5123: 5121: 5118: 5116: 5113: 5110: 5107: 5106: 5103: 5100: 5098: 5096: 5093: 5090: 5088: 5086: 5084: 5081: 5078: 5077: 5074: 5071: 5069: 5067: 5064: 5061: 5059: 5057: 5055: 5052: 5049: 5048: 5044: 5040: 5037: 5035: 5033: 5030: 5027: 5025: 5023: 5021: 5018: 5015: 5014: 5010: 5006: 5003: 5001: 4999: 4996: 4993: 4991: 4989: 4987: 4984: 4981: 4980: 4977: 4974: 4971: 4969: 4966: 4963: 4960: 4958: 4956: 4953: 4950: 4949: 4945: 4941: 4938: 4935: 4933: 4930: 4927: 4924: 4922: 4919: 4916: 4913: 4912: 4908: 4905:), Hivilaka ( 4904: 4900: 4896: 4893: 4890: 4887: 4884: 4881: 4878: 4876: 4873: 4870: 4867: 4866: 4863: 4860: 4857: 4855: 4852: 4849: 4846: 4844: 4842: 4839: 4836: 4835: 4832: 4829: 4826: 4823: 4820: 4817: 4814: 4811: 4808: 4806: 4803: 4800: 4799: 4795: 4791: 4788: 4786: 4784: 4781: 4778: 4776: 4774: 4772: 4770:Skandastambhi 4769: 4766: 4765: 4761: 4757: 4754: 4751: 4749: 4746: 4743: 4740: 4738: 4736: 4733: 4730: 4729: 4725: 4721: 4717: 4713: 4710: 4707: 4704: 4701: 4698: 4695: 4692: 4689: 4687: 4684: 4681: 4680: 4677: 4674: 4671: 4668: 4665: 4662: 4659: 4656: 4653: 4650: 4647: 4644: 4643: 4639: 4635: 4631: 4628:), Sindhuka ( 4627: 4623: 4620: 4617: 4614: 4611: 4608: 4605: 4602: 4599: 4597: 4594: 4591: 4590: 4586: 4583: 4581: 4580: 4576: 4574: 4573: 4569: 4567: 4566: 4562: 4560: 4559: 4555: 4553: 4552: 4548: 4545: 4542: 4539: 4536: 4535: 4529: 4527: 4526: 4525:Skanda Purana 4521: 4517: 4512: 4510: 4509:Matsya Purana 4506: 4502: 4498: 4494: 4489: 4486: 4485: 4480: 4479: 4478:Matsya Purana 4474: 4459: 4456: 4453: 4452: 4448: 4445: 4442: 4441: 4437: 4434: 4431: 4430: 4426: 4423: 4420: 4419: 4415: 4413:Chandra Shri 4412: 4409: 4408: 4404: 4400: 4396: 4393: 4390: 4389: 4385: 4383: 4380: 4377: 4376: 4372: 4370: 4367: 4364: 4363: 4359: 4356: 4353: 4352: 4348: 4346: 4343: 4340: 4339: 4335: 4333: 4330: 4327: 4326: 4323:c. 86–110 CE 4322: 4320: 4317: 4314: 4313: 4310: 4306: 4303:c. 54–100 CE 4302: 4300: 4297: 4294: 4291: 4290: 4286: 4284: 4281: 4278: 4275: 4274: 4271: 4269: 4264: 4261:c. 50–25 BCE 4260: 4258: 4255: 4252: 4251: 4248:c. 70–60 BCE 4247: 4245: 4242: 4239: 4238: 4234: 4232: 4229: 4226: 4225: 4221: 4219: 4216: 4213: 4212: 4208: 4205: 4202: 4201: 4195: 4193: 4184: 4176: 4172: 4171: 4170: 4167: 4164: 4150: 4146: 4139: 4134: 4131: 4127: 4121: 4116: 4109: 4104: 4100: 4094: 4089: 4088: 4087: 4085: 4081: 4077: 4073: 4069: 4068:Krishna River 4065: 4059: 4049: 4046: 4041: 4040:with stupas. 4039: 4035: 4025: 4023: 4019: 4015: 4011: 4007: 3997: 3995: 3991: 3987: 3983: 3975: 3970: 3961: 3959: 3954: 3952: 3947: 3938: 3936: 3928: 3924: 3923: 3922:Gaha Sattasai 3918: 3914: 3910: 3906: 3898: 3894: 3890: 3886: 3882: 3877: 3857: 3850: 3845: 3842: 3835: 3830: 3826: 3822: 3818: 3811: 3806: 3805: 3799: 3797: 3793: 3787: 3783: 3781: 3780:Brahmi script 3777: 3773: 3769: 3765: 3760: 3757: 3752: 3750: 3746: 3742: 3730: 3725: 3721: 3714: 3710: 3706: 3702: 3698: 3695: 3688: 3684: 3677: 3676:Brahmi script 3673: 3669: 3663: 3659: 3655: 3651: 3647: 3640: 3629: 3619: 3606: 3604: 3600: 3595: 3593: 3589: 3585: 3580: 3578: 3574: 3569: 3566: 3565:Brahmi script 3558: 3554: 3549: 3540: 3537: 3534: 3530: 3524: 3522: 3518: 3514: 3510: 3505: 3503: 3502: 3501:Gaha Sattasai 3497: 3493: 3483: 3479: 3477: 3473: 3469: 3465: 3461: 3456: 3454: 3450: 3446: 3445: 3440: 3439: 3434: 3430: 3425: 3423: 3419: 3415: 3407: 3403: 3399: 3395: 3391: 3386: 3377: 3375: 3371: 3370: 3364: 3362: 3358: 3352: 3348: 3341: 3336: 3327: 3323: 3321: 3317: 3313: 3308: 3306: 3302: 3301:James Burgess 3297: 3290: 3286: 3280: 3274: 3272: 3264: 3261: 3257: 3254: 3251: 3248: 3245: 3244: 3243: 3241: 3233: 3232:Brahmi script 3229: 3223: 3219: 3214: 3205: 3203: 3198: 3196: 3192: 3188: 3184: 3180: 3176: 3172: 3167: 3165: 3161: 3157: 3153: 3149: 3145: 3141: 3137: 3132: 3130: 3126: 3122: 3118: 3114: 3110: 3106: 3102: 3098: 3094: 3090: 3086: 3081: 3077: 3073: 3069: 3064: 3061: 3057: 3053: 3049: 3048: 3044:. The Nashik 3043: 3039: 3035: 3031: 3027: 3023: 3019: 3007: 2999: 2990: 2979: 2968: 2959: 2948: 2937: 2926: 2924: 2923: 2913: 2911: 2910: 2900: 2891: 2882: 2880: 2871: 2862: 2860: 2849: 2840: 2838: 2837: 2827: 2818: 2816: 2815: 2805: 2796: 2794: 2785: 2783: 2774: 2772: 2763: 2761: 2760: 2750: 2748: 2739: 2730: 2719: 2711: 2697: 2693: 2691: 2687: 2683: 2681: 2677: 2673: 2669: 2667: 2663: 2659: 2656: 2655: 2654: 2651: 2649: 2645: 2640: 225 CE 2634: 2623: 2621: 2617: 2610: 2606: 2601: 2592: 2590: 2586: 2582: 2578: 2573: 2571: 2567: 2563: 2559: 2555: 2552:According to 2543: 2541: 2540:Dakshinapatha 2535: 2533: 2528: 2526: 2522: 2514: 2509: 2500: 2498: 2494: 2489: 2485: 2476: 2472: 2468: 2461: 2459: 2455: 2451: 2447: 2443: 2439: 2435: 2431: 2425: 2421: 2419: 2415: 2411: 2406: 2405: 2401: 2397: 2393: 2388: 127 CE 2378: 2370: 2366: 2360: 2359:Brahmi script 2356: 2352: 2348: 2343: 2336: 2332: 2328: 2323: 2317:First revival 2314: 2312: 2311:Rishabhadatta 2308: 2304: 2300: 2296: 2291: 2289: 2288: 2287:Gaha Sattasai 2283: 2277: 2271: 2253: 2249: 2242: 2237: 2230: 2225: 2221: 2217: 2211: 2206: 2203: 2196: 2191: 2187: 2181: 2176: 2169: 2164: 2163: 2154: 2149: 2142: 2137: 2133: 2127: 2122: 2115: 2110: 2103: 2098: 2097: 2096: 2093: 2088: 2083: 2079: 2075: 2071: 2069: 2065: 2061: 2054:Art of Sanchi 2051: 2049: 2045: 2042: 2038: 2034: 2030: 2026: 2022: 2017: 2014: 2010: 2006: 2002: 1998: 1994: 1990: 1986: 1982: 1978: 1974: 1970: 1966: 1956: 1953: 1948: 1944: 1940: 1917: 1916:Brahmi script 1910: 1901: 1897: 1890: 1864: 1862: 1857: 1850: 1848: 1836: 1833: 1831: 1827: 1822: 1820: 1819:Kanaganahalli 1815: 1811: 1809: 1805: 1801: 1797: 1793: 1792: 1787: 1783: 1782: 1777: 1776:Matsya Purana 1772: 1770: 1765: 1761: 1757: 1746: 1738: 1729: 1720: 1711: 1702: 1693: 1684: 1675: 1666: 1657: 1646: 1635: 1626: 1617: 1608: 1599: 1590: 1581: 1570: 1561: 1559: 1549: 1537: 1535: 1525: 1523: 1519: 1515: 1514: 1509: 1504: 1502: 1498: 1494: 1489: 1486: 1482: 1478: 1474: 1469: 1467: 1463: 1458: 1456: 1452: 1448: 1444: 1434: 1432: 1428: 1424: 1420: 1416: 1415:Satakarninadu 1412: 1408: 1403: 1402:Kanaganahalli 1399: 1395: 1391: 1390:Kanaganahalli 1387: 1383: 1377: 1375: 1374:Vidya Dehejia 1370: 1366: 1358: 1354: 1350: 1340: 1336: 1331: 1327: 1321: 1314: 1313:Brahmi script 1310: 1303: 1292: 1288: 1281: 1267: 1265: 1260: 1256: 1252: 1248: 1244: 1240: 1236: 1232: 1228: 1224: 1219: 1217: 1213: 1208: 1203: 1199: 1194: 1190: 1186: 1182: 1178: 1174: 1166: 1162: 1158: 1154: 1150: 1146: 1141: 1132: 1130: 1126: 1121: 1119: 1115: 1111: 1110: 1106: 1101: 1099: 1095: 1090: 1088: 1084: 1080: 1076: 1072: 1068: 1064: 1060: 1055: 1053: 1049: 1045: 1041: 1040:solar dynasty 1037: 1033: 1029: 1025: 1020: 1015: 1011: 1008: 1002: 999: 993: 992:Brahmi script 988: 986: 981: 975: 970: 965: 957: 953: 947: 942: 938: 931: 926: 917: 915: 911: 907: 903: 899: 889: 887: 883: 879: 874: 872: 868: 864: 860: 856: 852: 851:Kanva dynasty 848: 843: 841: 837: 833: 829: 825: 821: 817: 813: 809: 805: 801: 798: 794: 790: 786: 782: 777: 772: 768: 764: 758: 713: 701: 696: 694: 689: 687: 682: 681: 679: 678: 670: 668: 665: 664: 660: 658: 655: 654: 650: 648: 645: 644: 640: 638: 635: 634: 630: 628: 625: 624: 620: 618: 615: 614: 610: 608: 605: 604: 600: 598: 595: 594: 590: 588: 585: 584: 580: 578: 575: 574: 568: 564: 559: 555: 554: 551: 550: 543: 540: 539: 532: 529: 527:Today part of 525: 509: 507: 504: 503: 495: 493: 490: 489: 481: 479: 476: 475: 467: 465: 464:Chutu dynasty 462: 461: 453: 451: 448: 447: 439: 437: 434: 433: 430: 424: 423:Kanva dynasty 421: 414: 413: 410: 409:Maurya Empire 407: 400: 399: 396: 395: 392: 389: 387: 384: 383: 379: 375: 371: 224 CE 366: 360: 351: 345: 341: 338: 335: 331: 327: 323: 317: 313: 310: 304: 300: 296: 294: 290: 286: 282: 279: 275: 272: 268: 265: 260: 256: 253: 249: 246: 242: 239: 235: 221: 216: 207: 198: 189: 178: 169: 158: 149: 138: 129: 118: 107: 98: 87: 76: 70: 61: 57: 224 CE 44: 38: 22: 19: 13647: 13638: 13628: 13615: 13606: 13605: 13596: 13587: 13578: 13569: 13560: 13551: 13542: 13533: 13525: 13524: 13488:Pala dynasty 13474:10th century 13473: 13436: 13404: 13354: 13334: 13328: 13327: 13283: 13256: 13228:Gupta Empire 13226: 13216: 13202: 13196: 13195: 13162: 13150: 13128: 13123: 13116: 13101:Early Cholas 13092: 13088: 13069: 13027: 13023: 13017: 13016: 13001:Early Cholas 12992: 12988: 12981: 12976: 12967: 12960: 12954: 12953: 12944: 12935:Nanda empire 12933: 12921: 12888: 12879: 12850: 12843: 12837: 12836: 12798: 12789: 12774:Vedic Period 12771: 12756:Vedic Period 12753: 12748:Vedic Period 12745: 12739: 12738: 12729: 12692:Sapta Sindhu 12679:Timeline and 12511:Demographics 12501:Architecture 12281:French India 12271:Danish India 12151:Bengal Subah 12141:Bhoi dynasty 12071:Koch Kingdom 11906:Ahom Kingdom 11780:Deva Kingdom 11472:Huna Kingdom 11412:Gupta Empire 11314:(AD 35–405 ) 11273:Kanva Empire 11245: 50 BC 11211: 11127:Chola Empire 11066:(312–303 BC) 11056:(321–184 BC) 11046:(330–323 BC) 11036:(380–321 BC) 11032:Nanda Empire 11026:(424–345 BC) 11008:(550–330 BC) 10964:(684–424 BC) 10954:(799–684 BC) 10944:(700–200 BC) 10866:Swat culture 10712:Chalcolithic 10624:Palaeolithic 10491:LGBT history 10356:Bengal Subah 10344:Suri Dynasty 10331:Early modern 10311:Vijayanagara 10236:Pala Dynasty 10166: 10032:Kuru kingdom 9768:Salankayanas 9752: 9615: 9587: 9558: 9537: 9520:. Dattsons. 9516: 9495: 9474: 9463: 9459:Sarma, I. K. 9439: 9418: 9399: 9398:Rao (1994), 9378: 9366: 9340: 9336: 9319: 9299: 9273: 9269: 9253:. Infobase. 9249: 9234:(1): 43–50. 9231: 9227: 9202: 9198: 9178: 9160: 9156: 9134: 9107: 9083: 9074: 9062:. Retrieved 9058: 9033:. Retrieved 9029: 9020: 9010: 9000: 8990: 8983: 8971: 8961: 8954: 8927: 8915: 8903: 8891: 8871: 8864: 8852: 8839: 8827: 8815: 8795: 8788: 8769: 8759: 8732: 8728: 8718: 8706: 8681: 8673: 8663: 8656: 8646: 8640: 8630: 8598: 8551: 8523: 8516: 8504: 8477: 8465: 8440: 8418: 8372: 8352: 8345: 8316: 8291: 8287: 8277: 8265: 8199: 8195: 8185: 8165: 8158: 8138: 8132: 8112: 8105: 8096: 8089: 8077: 8068: 8059: 8039: 8015: 8006: 7974: 7954: 7947: 7908: 7898: 7886: 7874: 7862: 7842: 7835: 7815: 7809: 7784: 7776: 7764: 7755: 7742: 7730: 7718: 7661: 7657: 7646: 7637: 7633: 7620: 7608: 7584:Shastri 1998 7579: 7559: 7552: 7525: 7505: 7498: 7486: 7469: 7465: 7459: 7442: 7438: 7432: 7422: 7415: 7398: 7394: 7367: 7360: 7352: 7347: 7340: 7320: 7313: 7306:Shimada 2012 7301: 7293: 7288: 7276: 7224: 7212: 7179: 7167: 7162:, p. 8. 7155: 7135: 7128: 7108: 7101: 7094:Shimada 2012 7072: 7041: 7028:, p. 5. 7021: 7014:Shastri 1999 6971: 6964: 6937: 6930: 6920: 6912: 6907:, p. 38 6899: 6890: 6886: 6880: 6871: 6865: 6856: 6850: 6826:Kosambi 1975 6821: 6767:, p. 3. 6760: 6753:Shastri 1998 6748: 6730: 6709:. Retrieved 6705: 6696: 6661: 6637:. Retrieved 6633: 6623: 6611:. Retrieved 6607: 6598: 6546: 6539: 6435: 6398: 6389: 6385: 6161:Purindrasena 5931:Satakarni II 5809: 5796: 5792: 5788: 5760:Pulomavi III 5749: 5745: 5741: 5737: 5665: 5661: 5585: 5543: 5542:), Pulimat ( 5539: 5538:), Pulomat ( 5535: 5495: 5491: 5487: 5458:Gautamīputra 5446: 5442: 5373: 5369: 5332: 5328: 5324: 5320: 5294:Purindrasena 5283: 5282:), Bhavaka ( 5279: 5275: 5274:), Saptaka ( 5271: 5234: 5196: 5192: 5188: 5153: 5149: 5148:), Paṭumat ( 5145: 5141: 5140:), Aṭamāna ( 5137: 5042: 5008: 4943: 4906: 4902: 4901:), Ivīlaka ( 4898: 4805:Śatakarṇi II 4793: 4792:Śrivasvani ( 4759: 4758:Paurṇamāsa ( 4723: 4719: 4715: 4714:Śantakarṇa ( 4637: 4633: 4632:), Śipraka ( 4629: 4625: 4577: 4570: 4563: 4556: 4549: 4523: 4519: 4513: 4508: 4504: 4497:D. C. Sircar 4490: 4482: 4476: 4471:The various 4470: 4424:Pulumavi II 4402: 4308: 4298: 4287:c. 20–24 CE 4282: 4266: 4257:Satakarni II 4190: 4181: 4174:discredited. 4168: 4160: 4064:Buddhist art 4061: 4044: 4042: 4034:Ajanta Caves 4031: 4003: 4000:Architecture 3979: 3957: 3955: 3950: 3944: 3920: 3902: 3788: 3784: 3761: 3753: 3738: 3728: 3723: 3717: 3693: 3686: 3680: 3667: 3620:) (c.150 CE) 3603:Satakarni II 3596: 3581: 3570: 3562: 3543:Inscriptions 3538: 3525: 3516: 3506: 3499: 3489: 3480: 3463: 3457: 3452: 3448: 3442: 3436: 3426: 3411: 3367: 3365: 3353: 3349: 3345: 3324: 3319: 3315: 3311: 3309: 3291: 3275: 3270: 3268: 3237: 3225: 3199: 3168: 3140:Pratishthana 3133: 3065: 3045: 3015: 2973: 2921: 2920: 2908: 2907: 2878: 2856: 2835: 2834: 2813: 2812: 2792: 2781: 2770: 2758: 2757: 2746: 2652: 2633:Gupta Empire 2629: 2614: 2574: 2562:E. J. Rapson 2551: 2537: 2529: 2525:Rudradaman I 2518: 2481: 2427: 2422: 2413: 2409: 2402: 2374: 2369:Nasik cave 3 2362: 2292: 2285: 2279: 2081: 2073: 2057: 2021:Satakarni II 2018: 1983:valley) and 1962: 1946: 1942: 1938: 1900:Satakarni II 1863:Sakhadhābho" 1855: 1852: 1844: 1834: 1829: 1828: 1824: 1816: 1812: 1799: 1795: 1789: 1779: 1775: 1773: 1754: 1566: 1555: 1531: 1511: 1505: 1496: 1490: 1481:V.V. Mirashi 1477:eka-brahmana 1476: 1472: 1470: 1465: 1459: 1440: 1426: 1422: 1418: 1414: 1410: 1406: 1381: 1378: 1364: 1362: 1329: 1323: 1317: 1264:Pratishthana 1220: 1173:E. J. Rapson 1170: 1122: 1107: 1102: 1091: 1086: 1082: 1066: 1062: 1056: 1051: 1047: 1028:Sapta-Vahana 1027: 1009: 1004: 1000: 995: 989: 987:vernacular. 969:Sanskritised 961: 955: 949: 934: 895: 875: 844: 832:Pratishthana 788: 784: 780: 766: 762: 711: 709: 607:Satakarni II 541: 391:Succeeded by 390: 385: 241:Pratishthana 18: 13632:, Routledge 13513:Rashtrakuta 13417:Pala Empire 13410:Kabul Shahi 13293:Kabul Shahi 13267:Alchon Huns 13045:Mahabharata 12968:Pre-history 12881:Pre-history 12791:Pre-history 12496:Agriculture 12466:South India 12441:Maharashtra 12391:Balochistan 12331:Afghanistan 12305:(1858–1947) 12301:British Raj 12295:(1757–1858) 12291:Company Raj 12285:(1759–1954) 12275:(1620–1869) 12265:(1605–1825) 12261:Dutch India 12255:(1510–1961) 12242:(1510–1961) 12225:(1799–1849) 12221:Sikh Empire 12215:(1729–1947) 12205:(1707–1799) 12195:(1674–1818) 12185:(1650–1948) 12175:(1642–1975) 12165:(1600–1750) 12155:(1576–1757) 12145:(1541–1804) 12135:(1532–1673) 12125:(1529–1736) 12115:(1540–1556) 12105:(1526–1858) 12092:(1526–1858) 12075:(1515–1947) 12065:(1499–1763) 12055:(1518–1687) 12044:(1492–1686) 12033:(1492–1619) 12022:(1490–1574) 12011:(1490–1636) 12000:(1490–1596) 11990:(1470–1842) 11980:(1434–1541) 11970:(1399–1947) 11960:(1358–1803) 11950:(1352–1576) 11940:(1336–1646) 11930:(1325–1448) 11920:(1300–1779) 11910:(1228–1826) 11900:(1451–1526) 11889:(1414–1451) 11878:(1320–1414) 11867:(1290–1320) 11856:(1206–1290) 11845:(1206–1526) 11835:(1170–1206) 11812:(1206–1526) 11793: 1300 11789: 1200 11774:(1187–1673) 11764:(1156–1184) 11744:(1102–1766) 11734:(1083–1323) 11724:(1078–1434) 11714:(1070–1230) 11710:Sena Empire 11704:(1040–1347) 11694:(1003–1320) 11620:Pala Empire 11482:Rai Kingdom 11324:(AD 60–240) 11257:(185–73 BC) 11013:Ror Dynasty 10733: 3950 10486:Art History 10409:British Raj 10382:Sikh Empire 10370:Company Raj 10216:, c. 738 CE 9942:Prehistoric 9913:History of 9858:British Raj 9753:Satavahanas 9088:Ollett 2017 9064:11 December 9035:11 December 8556:Ollett 2017 8509:Ollett 2017 8497:Ollett 2017 8032:Ollett 2017 7867:Ollett 2017 7711:Higham 2009 7613:Thapar 2013 7244:Ollett 2017 7109:The Purāṇas 6711:11 December 6639:25 February 6574:Ollett 2017 6365:Pulumavi IV 6022:Skandasvati 5894:Purnotsanga 5787:Sulomadhi ( 5507:Pulomavi II 4985:Skandasvāti 4734:Pūrṇotsanga 4686:Śatakarṇi I 4505:Vayu Purana 4484:Vayu Purana 4244:Satakarni I 4203:Serial. Nu 4018:Jaggiahpeta 3935:Brihatkatha 3917:Maharashtri 3821:Maharashtra 3701:arched-hill 3588:Satakarni I 3557:Nasik Caves 3422:Brahmanical 3357:Kotalingala 3322:(village). 3187:Dharanikota 3148:Dharanikota 3093:Bhima river 3026:Maharashtra 2446:Indo-Greeks 2252:Kapilavastu 2064:architraves 1969:Satakarni I 1808:interregnum 1786:Megasthenes 1736:HAN DYNASTY 1673:ARJUNAYANAS 1568:SATAVAHANAS 1522:D.C. Sircar 1518:Shalivahana 1475:(Sanskrit: 1473:eka-bamhana 1411:Kannavisaya 1357:Satakarni I 1291:Nasik Caves 1243:Satakarni I 1223:Maharashtra 1212:I. K. Sarma 1202:Satakarni I 1193:Kotilingala 1118:Senguttuvan 1075:Shalivahana 967:seem to be 930:Satakarni I 902:Maharashtra 898:regionalism 840:Dharanikota 816:Maharashtra 712:Satavahanas 597:Satakarni I 386:Preceded by 13682:Categories 13526:References 13479:Ghaznavids 13289:Nezak Huns 12576:Philosophy 12556:Metallurgy 12546:Literature 12471:Tamil Nadu 12336:Bangladesh 12111:Sur Empire 11825:(977–1186) 11791: – c. 11754:(675–1210) 11684:(973–1189) 11674:(942–1244) 11664:(882–1110) 11654:(850–1334) 11644:(800–1327) 11624:(750–1174) 11604:(694–1947) 11584:(650–1036) 11564:(624–1075) 11532: 700 11530: – c. 11528: 550 11501: 500 11446:(350–1100) 11436:(350–1000) 11404: 600 11402: – c. 11400: 250 11383: 500 11381: – c. 11379: 250 11302: 130 11277:(75–26 BC) 11243: – c. 11241: 150 11172: – c. 11138:– AD 1279) 11121:– AD 1102) 11104:– AD 1345) 11083: – c. 10996: 600 10981:– AD 1600) 10789:Bronze Age 9978:Lahuradewa 9793:Kota Vamsa 9651:Satavahana 9182:. Harman. 8711:Singh 2008 8377:Singh 2008 8082:Dutta 1990 7940:Fynes 1995 7925:Fynes 1995 7723:Singh 2008 7601:Singh 2008 7570:0226742210 7172:Singh 2008 7077:Sarma 1980 6905:Sarma 1980 6765:Sarma 1980 6613:29 October 6557:0226742210 6526:References 6216:Shivasvati 6087:Pulumavi I 5986:Meghasvati 5584:Madaśirā ( 5163:Gaurakṛṣṇa 5152:), Ābhi - 5111:Pulomavi I 5082:Svātikarṇa 4917:Meghasvāti 4546:Epigraphy 3982:Bramhapuri 3941:Sculptures 3749:Indo-Greek 3656:(possibly 3592:bas-relief 3464:maha-matra 3449:agnyadheya 3438:ashvamedha 3414:Brahmanism 3255:Mahabhojas 3189:, Junnar, 3129:Pattadakal 3105:Gadhinglaj 2922:Sarmatians 2430:Kshatriyas 2386: – c. 2384: 103 2331:Satavahana 2325:A coin of 2274:See also: 2248:Suddhodana 2202:Nairanjana 2186:Pipal tree 2119:Architrave 2107:Architrave 1997:Ashvamedha 1995:including 1798:(it) will 1597:AUDUMBARAS 1577:MAHAMEGHA- 1556:South Asia 1540:Foundation 1516:represent 1365:maha-matra 1227:Cave No.19 1147:, ancient 1105:Tamil epic 1019:Sātavāhana 1010:Sātavāhana 1001:Sādavāhana 980:Sālavāhaṇa 795:, were an 776:Sātavāhana 767:Sātavāhana 763:Sādavāhana 581:100-70 BCE 284:Government 94:MAHAMEGHA- 83:South-Asia 37:Sātavāhana 13430:Kalachuri 13222:Kidarites 12526:Education 12516:Dynasties 12436:Rajasthan 12421:Karnataka 12366:Sri Lanka 11634:(753–982) 11614:(736–916) 11594:(661–750) 11574:(632–661) 11554:(618–841) 11544:(606–647) 11513:(543–753) 11486:(489–632) 11476:(475–576) 11466:(475–767) 11456:(420–624) 11426:(345–525) 11416:(280–550) 11364:(230–360) 11354:(224–651) 11344:(210–340) 11334:(170–350) 11297:(AD 21 – 11155:– AD 800) 10907:Janapadas 10735:–1900 BC) 10662:Neolithic 10123:Classical 9960:Neolithic 9742:Dynasties 9721:Geography 9709:Telangana 9687:Telangana 9541:. BRILL. 9499:. Aryan. 9349:0378-1143 9282:0378-1143 9219:0019-7246 8543:634973239 8300:0378-1143 8218:2073-4425 8045:Cave No.3 6659:Burgess. 6634:The Hindu 6531:Citations 6456:Mantalaka 6448:Satakarni 5950:Lambodara 5874:Satakarni 5789:Bhagavata 5742:Brahmanda 5738:Bhagavata 5662:Brahmanda 5586:Bhagavata 5536:Bhagavata 5534:Purīmān ( 5492:Bhagavata 5488:Brahmanda 5443:Brahmanda 5416:Śivasvāti 5374:Bhagavata 5333:Brahmanda 5321:Bhagavata 5284:Brahmanda 5272:Bhagavata 5245:Mandalaka 5235:Bhagavata 5154:Brahmanda 5142:Bhagavata 5043:Brahmanda 5009:Brahmanda 4944:Brahmanda 4942:Saudāsa ( 4907:Bhagavata 4897:Apītaka ( 4840:Lambodara 4760:Bhagavata 4716:Bhagavata 4638:Brahmanda 4558:Brahmanda 4551:Bhagavata 4268:Kshatrapa 4178:evidence. 4161:Multiple 4072:Amaravati 4028:Paintings 3881:Cave No.3 3817:Satakarni 3768:Dravidian 3705:Dravidian 3658:Old Tamil 3654:Dravidian 3618:Old Tamil 3577:Mahamatra 3513:prashasti 3468:shramanas 3402:Bhokardan 3047:prashasti 3038:Karnataka 3030:Telangana 2909:Dinglings 2648:Amaravati 2589:Amaravati 2467:Cave No.3 2410:Raja-Raja 2404:prashasti 2220:Rajagriha 2216:Bimbisara 2068:Satakarni 2027:from the 2013:Kharavela 1902:.Sinopoli 1655:BACTRIANS 1606:YAUDHEYAS 1588:SAMATATAS 1451:Kshatriya 1405:known as 1386:Karnataka 1189:Telangana 1157:Mucalinda 1153:Satakarni 1089:("son"). 920:Etymology 914:Telangana 910:Karnataka 836:Amaravati 828:Karnataka 812:Telangana 791:) in the 671:2nd c. CE 661:2nd c. CE 651:2nd c. CE 641:2nd c. CE 631:2nd c. CE 621:1st c. CE 617:Sivasvati 611:50-25 BCE 601:70-60 BCE 591:70-60 BCE 270:Religion 264:Old Tamil 245:Amaravati 187:PARTHIANS 116:SCYTHIANS 105:SAMATATAS 13626:(2002), 13300:Maitraka 13185:kingdom 13183:Kamarupa 13041:Ramayana 12867:Buddhism 12813:Panchala 12804:Gandhara 12764:culture) 12731:IRON AGE 12591:Timeline 12581:Religion 12561:Military 12551:Maritime 12541:Language 12531:Indology 12361:Pakistan 12351:Maldives 12049: – 12038: – 12027: – 12016: – 12005: – 11894: – 11883: – 11872: – 11861: – 11850: – 10998:–300 BC) 10938: – 10927: – 10916: – 10905: – 10884:Iron Age 10864: – 10853: – 10832: – 10821: – 10810: – 9984:Mehrgarh 9980:7000 BCE 9974:7106 BCE 9966:Bhirrana 9934:Timeline 9904:a series 9902:Part of 9675:a series 9673:Part of 9613:(2013), 9461:(1980). 9357:41694410 9290:41688591 9169:41702166 9133:(2004). 9008:(1884). 8920:Rao 1994 8751:24650366 8308:44002572 8236:37510249 8227:10379071 7750:(1885). 7735:Sen 1999 7491:Sen 1999 7478:44142769 7451:29757390 7229:Sen 1999 7160:Rao 1976 7026:Rao 1993 6999:Ray 1986 6814:Sen 1999 6494:See also 5632:Yajñaśri 5270:Talaka ( 5233:Hāleya ( 4624:Śiśuka ( 4332:Pulumavi 4296:Nahapana 3951:chankama 3927:Sanskrit 3909:Sanskrit 3825:Vidarbha 3694:Reverse: 3668:Obverse: 3584:Naneghat 3563:Several 3509:Sanskrit 3486:Language 3476:Buddhism 3444:rajasuya 3429:Naneghat 3380:Religion 3374:Nanaghat 3314:(city), 3260:janapada 3240:Shastras 3142:(modern 3097:Banavasi 3089:Pulumayi 2955:PARTHIAN 2814:Tesinsky 2696:Pallavas 2690:Banavasi 2603:Coin of 2545:— 2532:Junagadh 2511:Coin of 2463:— 2458:Nahapana 2450:Pahlavas 2414:Maharaja 2396:Nahapana 2327:Nahapana 2307:Nahapana 2132:Yakshini 2001:Rajasuya 1985:Vidarbha 1866:— 1861:Nagaraja 1847:Nagaraja 1838:— 1760:Naneghat 1633:KUNINDAS 1624:VRISHNIS 1615:PAURAVAS 1455:Brahmana 1353:Naneghat 1335:Sramanas 1239:Naneghat 1149:Vidarbha 974:Sātakaṇi 951:𑀡𑀺(𑀲) 287:Monarchy 278:Buddhism 274:Hinduism 261:(Rarely) 259:Sanskrit 145:NORTHERN 13607:Sources 13398:Pallava 13329:Culture 13208:Puranas 13197:Culture 13037:Puranas 13018:Culture 12955:Culture 12871:Ājīvika 12863:Jainism 12838:Culture 12818:Magadha 12740:Culture 12521:Economy 12506:Coinage 12426:Kashmir 12406:Gujarat 11503:– 1026) 10613:Outline 10006:Ancient 9954:Soanian 9711:history 9467:. Agam. 9098:Sources 8047:of the 7407:4414819 6893:. 1991. 6500:Magadha 6459:Sundara 5968:Apilaka 5854:Krishna 5558:Śivaśri 4871:Āpīlaka 4651:(Kanha) 4473:Puranas 4163:Puranas 4024:Stupa. 3905:Prakrit 3883:of the 3819:issue, 3764:Prakrit 3674:in the 3672:Prakrit 3664:legend. 3662:Prakrit 3650:Prakrit 3609:Coinage 3521:Sannati 3496:Prakrit 3394:Pompeii 3330:Economy 3218:Sannati 3179:Bharuch 3164:Kushana 3144:Paithan 3136:Ptolemy 3121:Kalkeri 3117:Malkhed 3085:Prakrit 3056:Gujarat 3034:Gujarat 2997:XIONGNU 2988:DYNASTY 2975:SATAVA- 2859:culture 2771:SABEANS 2672:Krishna 2626:Decline 2620:Abhiras 2469:of the 2442:Yavanas 2418:Vindhya 2355:Palhava 2029:Shungas 2009:Kalinga 2007:of the 1981:Narmada 1764:Puranas 1700:PANDYAS 1691:SHUNGAS 1682:MALAVAS 1579:VAHANAS 1558:150 BCE 1534:Puranas 1528:History 1462:Puranas 1431:Ballari 1407:Kannadu 1369:Mauryan 1289:at the 1229:of the 1094:Puranas 1036:sun god 1024:Prakrit 1022:) is a 985:Prakrit 892:Origins 884:to the 878:coinage 847:Puranas 820:Gujarat 804:Puranas 800:dynasty 793:Puranas 781:Andhras 314:(first) 255:Prakrit 237:Capital 196:PANDYAS 176:YUEZHIS 167:SATRAPS 165:WESTERN 147:SATRAPS 96:VAHANAS 85:0-50 CE 13546:Samuel 13537:Samuel 13344:Tantra 13109:Cheras 13009:Cheras 12915:Assaka 12830:Assaka 12762:Srauta 12688:Punjab 12456:Odisha 12451:Punjab 12396:Bengal 12341:Bhutan 10396:Modern 9906:on the 9748:Assaka 9707:, and 9627: 9599: 9566: 9545: 9524: 9503: 9482: 9447: 9426: 9406: 9387: 9355: 9347: 9326: 9307: 9288: 9280: 9257: 9217: 9186: 9167: 9141: 9119: 8879: 8803: 8776: 8749: 8694: 8606: 8541: 8531: 8360: 8306: 8298: 8234: 8224: 8216: 8173: 8146: 8120: 8053:Nashik 7982: 7850: 7823: 7797: 7793:–141. 7567: 7513: 7476: 7472:: 50. 7449: 7405: 7377:161579 7375: 7328: 7271:Tokyo. 7143: 7116: 6979: 6737: 6554: 5834:Simuka 5825:Reign 5822:Ruler 5819:S. No 5797:Vishnu 5793:Matsya 5750:Matsya 5676:Vijaya 5666:Matsya 5544:Vishnu 5540:Matsya 5496:Vishnu 5370:Matsya 5329:Vishnu 5280:Vishnu 5197:Vishnu 5189:Matsya 5150:Vishnu 5138:Matsya 4903:Vishnu 4899:Matsya 4794:Matsya 4724:Vishnu 4720:Matsya 4634:Vishnu 4626:Matsya 4596:Simuka 4579:Vishnu 4565:Matsya 4543:Coins 4540:Ruler 4218:Simuka 4209:Reign 4206:Ruler 4145:Yaksha 3964:Bronze 3893:Samgha 3889:Nashik 3796:Ujjain 3792:stupas 3776:Telugu 3713:Telugu 3697:Ujjain 3599:Sanchi 3529:Telugu 3361:guilds 3316:nigama 3312:nagara 3285:aharas 3271:kumara 3191:Nashik 3175:Kalyan 3171:Sopara 3152:Junnar 3125:Mudgal 3113:Savadi 3018:Deccan 2966:SUNGAS 2957:EMPIRE 2944:PTOLE- 2933:SELEU- 2898:KANGJU 2889:YUEZHI 2879:DONGHU 2847:LOULAN 2836:Khotan 2747:Sargat 2728:GREEKS 2686:Chutus 2676:Guntur 2662:Nashik 2585:Deccan 2475:Nashik 2448:) and 2400:Nashik 2351:Yavana 2299:Konkan 2060:Sanchi 2048:Sanchi 2044:stupas 2033:Sanchi 1896:Sanchi 1804:Maurya 1781:Indica 1756:Simuka 1727:LOULAN 1718:CHERAS 1709:CHOLAS 1664:MITRAS 1653:GRECO- 1644:GREEKS 1493:Shakas 1466:vṛṣala 1453:, and 1447:Shudra 1255:Nevasa 1247:Sanchi 1191:). 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Satavahana dynasty

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