20:
110:
their respective territories. A demarcation agreement dividing the
Neutral Zone was signed on 17 December 1967 but did not formally take effect until the exchange of instruments and signing which took place in Kuwait on 18 December 1969. Ratification followed on 18 January 1970, and the agreement was published in the
109:
The partitioning negotiations commenced shortly after the rulers of Kuwait and Saudi Arabia met and decided, in
October 1960, that the Neutral Zone should be divided. On 7 July 1965, the two governments signed an agreement (which took effect on 25 July 1966) to partition the Neutral Zone adjoining
138:
In
December 2022, Saudi Aramco and Kuwait Gulf Oil Company signed a Memorandum of Understanding to jointly develop the Durra gas field, located in the neutral zone. The development aims at producing 280,000,000 cubic metres
68:, "The Neutral Zone was the two thousand or so square miles of barren desert that had been carved out by the British in 1922 in the course of drawing a border between Kuwait and Saudi Arabia. In order to accommodate the
105:
In 1957, Saudi Arabia signed a concession agreement with the
Japanese-owned Arab Oil Co., and Kuwait signed in 1958. That concession expired in 2000. The company made its first offshore discovery in January 1960.
277:
72:, who wandered back and forth between Kuwait and Saudi Arabia and for whom nationality was a hazy concept, it was agreed that the two countries would share sovereignty over the area."
661:
607:
Meddaugh, William Scott; Griest, Stewart; Barge, David Lee (15 March 2009). Tan, Michelle; Boyd, Michelle; Smith, Glenda; Rubin, Mark A.; Roodhart, Leo (eds.).
352:
787:
132:; however, Coalition forces composed of American and Saudi contingents repelled the Iraqi offensive and liberated the area and the rest of Kuwait.
86:
However, there was little interest in a more definitive settlement in the so-called "Neutral Zone" until the discovery, in 1938, of oil in the
792:
724:
484:
458:
214:
802:
570:
94:. With the possibility of oil discovery within the "Neutral Zone" itself, concessions were granted in 1948–1949 by each government to
552:
548:
817:
797:
610:
Quantifying
Uncertainty in Carbonate Reservoirs - Humma Marrat Reservoir, Partitioned Neutral Zone (PNZ), Saudi Arabia and Kuwait
608:
691:
75:
In the area, which was later called the "Neutral Zone" or "Divided Zone", the Uqair
Convention stated that "the Government of
777:
638:
291:
282:
761:
812:
180:
731:
491:
739:
703:
499:
431:
377:
175:
102:. Oil was discovered in March 1953. Later the two countries exploited the oil under a joint operating agreement.
782:
99:
622:
170:
46:
690:
Lenderking, Timothy A.; Jones, Stuart E.; Kirby, John (23 August 2013). Wharton, Bruce; Kerry, John (eds.).
807:
185:
295:
227:
165:
662:"Aramco Gulf Operations, Kuwait's KGOC agree to develop Durra gas field, Saudi news agency reports"
536:
694:. Bureau of Near Eastern Affairs/Bureau of Public Affairts (United States Department of State).
135:
Despite the zone being partitioned half a century ago, oil pumping is still done by agreements.
743:
540:
503:
365:
58:
29:
462:
347:
725:
International
Boundary Study No. 103 — September 15,des 1970: Kuwait — Saudi Arabia Boundary
582:
226:, United Kingdom of Great Britain: British Institute of International and Comparative Law/
8:
485:
International
Boundary Study No. 103 — September 15, 1970: Kuwait — Saudi Arabia Boundary
369:
160:
529:
323:
315:
239:
129:
79:
and Kuwait will share equal rights until through the good offices of the
Government of
19:
634:
427:
383:
373:
327:
307:
247:
231:
569:
Muzoriwa, Kudakwashe (16 February 2020). Mullaly, William; Rodrigues, Nigel (eds.).
735:
707:
699:
626:
495:
361:
299:
535:. College of Aerospace Doctrine, Research, and Education (CADRE), Air University,
413:
76:
586:
80:
771:
423:
415:
Out of the Desert: My
Journey From Nomadic Bedouin to the Heart of Global Oil
357:
311:
235:
65:
387:
444:
398:
251:
87:
50:
144:
319:
121:
code since it was partitioned before the adoption of ISO 3166 in 1974.
630:
243:
206:
303:
83:
a further agreement is made between Najd and Kuwait concerning it".
125:
118:
45:, was an area of 5,770 km (2,230 sq mi) between the
613:. SPE Middle East Oil and Gas Show and Conference. Vol. XVI.
730:. Office of the Geographer (Directorate for Functional Research,
618:
571:"Kuwait, Saudi to resume oil output from neutral zone this month"
544:
490:. Office of the Geographer (Directorate for Functional Research,
95:
69:
614:
419:
223:
91:
57:
that was left undefined when the border was established by the
54:
578:
262:
530:
The Battle of Khafji: An Overview and Preliminary Analysis
148:
723:
Barson, E.S. (15 September 1970). Hodgson, R.D. (ed.).
483:
Barson, E.S. (15 September 1970). Hodgson, R.D. (ed.).
528:
Titus, James (1 September 1996). Kelly, Jay W. (ed.).
124:
The area was quickly, but briefly, overrun during the
764:(map sheet with western part of former Neutral Zone)
689:
207:"The Legal Status of the Saudi-Kuwaiti Neutral Zone"
606:
353:
The Prize: The Epic Quest for Oil, Money, and Power
215:International and Comparative Law Quarterly (ICLQ)
16:Former border zone between Kuwait and Saudi Arabia
769:
292:American Society of International Law (ASIL)
205:El Ghoneimy, Mohammed Talaat (1 July 1966).
204:
412:Al-Naimi, Ali Ibrahim (1 November 2016).
788:Disputed territories in the Persian Gulf
568:
411:
18:
128:by the Iraqi forces in 1991 after they
770:
722:
482:
345:
762:U.S. Army Map Sheet NH38-16 1:250.000
558:from the original on 28 January 2020.
527:
283:American Journal of International Law
275:
793:Territorial disputes of Saudi Arabia
341:
339:
337:
732:Bureau of Intelligence and Research
492:Bureau of Intelligence and Research
422:, United Kingdom of Great Britain:
278:"The partition of the Neutral Zone"
26:(2 December 1922 – 18 January 1970)
13:
692:"U.S. Relations With Saudi Arabia"
405:
348:"Chapter 22: The Age of Discovery"
346:Yergin, Daniel (1 December 2008).
276:Hosni, Sayed M. (1 October 1966).
39:Saudi Arabian–Kuwaiti neutral zone
14:
829:
740:United States Department of State
704:United States Department of State
696:United States Department of State
683:
500:United States Department of State
334:
181:Saudi Arabian–Iraqi neutral zone
742:. pp. 1–10. Archived from
654:
502:. pp. 1–10. Archived from
117:The zone was never assigned an
100:Pacific Western Oil Corporation
818:1970 disestablishments in Asia
623:Society of Petroleum Engineers
600:
575:Islamic Business & Finance
562:
549:Air University (United States)
521:
476:
451:
269:
198:
1:
803:Kuwait–Saudi Arabia relations
191:
176:Kuwait–Saudi Arabia relations
24:The Saudi–Kuwait Neutral Zone
778:20th century in Saudi Arabia
738:, United States of America:
702:, United States of America:
498:, United States of America:
364:, United States of America:
7:
813:1922 establishments in Asia
734:) (Report). Vol. 103.
494:) (Report). Vol. 103.
186:Unification of Saudi Arabia
154:
130:invaded and occupied Kuwait
10:
834:
798:Kuwait–Saudi Arabia border
296:Cambridge University Press
228:Cambridge University Press
171:Kuwait–Saudi Arabia border
426:. pp. 173, 234–236.
166:Geography of Saudi Arabia
112:Kuwaiti Official Gazette
537:United States Air Force
143:10 cu ft) of
783:20th century in Kuwait
541:Maxwell Air Force Base
147:and 84,000 barrels of
34:
650:– via OnePetro.
372:). pp. 437–445.
22:
583:United Arab Emirates
370:Simon & Schuster
114:on 25 January 1970.
61:of 2 December 1922.
41:, also known as the
28:(Established by the
808:Demilitarized zones
161:Geography of Kuwait
749:on 1 December 2017
710:on 21 January 2017
509:on 1 December 2017
35:
640:978-1-55563-215-1
631:10.2118/120102-MS
585:: CPI Financial.
551:. pp. 3–39.
459:"KSA Kuwait 1969"
32:of December 1922)
825:
758:
756:
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736:Washington, D.C.
729:
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706:. Archived from
700:Washington, D.C.
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461:. Archived from
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465:on 2005-01-09
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433:9780241978399
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66:Daniel Yergin
64:According to
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40:
31:
21:
751:. Retrieved
744:the original
712:. Retrieved
708:the original
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670:. Retrieved
668:. 2022-12-11
665:
656:
644:. Retrieved
609:
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590:. Retrieved
574:
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511:. Retrieved
504:the original
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467:. Retrieved
463:the original
453:
445:Google Books
443:– via
437:. Retrieved
414:
407:
399:Google Books
397:– via
391:. Retrieved
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261:– via
255:. Retrieved
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90:(Burqan) of
85:
74:
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51:Saudi Arabia
43:Divided Zone
42:
38:
36:
298:: 735–749.
230:: 690–717.
145:natural gas
772:Categories
672:2022-12-15
539:(Report).
469:2005-12-02
366:Free Press
192:References
328:147323918
312:0002-9300
236:0020-5893
151:per day.
553:Archived
388:22381448
362:New York
320:00029300
155:See also
119:ISO 3166
70:Bedouins
666:Reuters
619:Bahrain
545:Alabama
252:1753375
96:Aminoil
47:borders
753:9 July
714:9 July
646:9 July
637:
615:Manama
592:9 July
513:9 July
439:9 July
430:
420:London
393:9 July
386:
376:
326:
318:
310:
257:9 July
250:
244:756765
242:
234:
224:London
92:Kuwait
88:Burgan
55:Kuwait
747:(PDF)
728:(PDF)
579:Dubai
556:(PDF)
533:(PDF)
507:(PDF)
488:(PDF)
324:S2CID
316:JSTOR
290:(4).
263:JSTOR
240:JSTOR
222:(3).
210:(PDF)
755:2021
716:2021
648:2021
635:ISBN
594:2021
515:2021
441:2021
428:ISBN
395:2021
384:OCLC
374:ISBN
308:ISSN
259:2021
248:OCLC
232:ISSN
139:(9.9
98:and
77:Najd
53:and
37:The
627:doi
300:doi
149:LNG
49:of
774::
698:.
664:.
633:.
625:.
621::
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577:.
573:.
547::
543:,
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360:,
350:.
336:^
322:.
314:.
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288:60
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238:.
220:15
218:.
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757:.
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629::
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141:×
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