155:, south of Bucharest, he decided to stay there to complete his education. Simeon had an opportunity to obtain an excellent education there. The Metropolitan tutored him in religious and secular subjects. Simeon read widely and avidly, primarily historical and biblical works, which he first discovered in the rich library of his uncle. After completing his studies, Simeon returned home and got married at the age of thirty. He was ordained to the holy priesthood, but his wife prematurely died soon after. At the same time, Simeon, the oldest of four brothers, lost his father Jovan and two of his brothers to the plague. His mother Mara then became a nun and retreated to a monastery, leaving her youngest son Đorđe who was ten years old. Simeon immediately took charge of his youngest brother. Father Simeon continued to serve in the Lord's vineyard for ten years, converting many Moslems, and reconverting Christians who had embraced Islam. His brother Đorđe received an enviable education, becoming a polyglot like his older brother who wrote in Slavonic-Serbian, Church Slavonic, Hungarian, Romanian, and Latin; he also knew Greek, Bulgarian, Turkish, Italian and German.
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they are constantly want to be free from the Turks. In
February of 1669, Apafi issued a decree imposing many duties and restrictions on Sava and consequently on the majority of the Orthodox flock. Because Sava had contacts with political opponents of Prince Apafi (the Russians), he also became the target of the Calvinist Superintendent Peter Kovásznai, the Reformed bishop of Transylvania, who saw Sava as an obstacle towards the intended conversion of the Orthodox into Calvinism. The latter denomination was a dominant political class in Transylvania at the time while the Romanian majority was subjected to the Calvinizing pressure from the authorities.
167:(Alba Iulia) taking his brother Đorđe with him. Sava's episcopal service was plagued by the missionary activities of the Calvinists who tried to convert the Orthodox, and who were supported by the Prince of Transylvania (Prince Apafi). In addition, frequent wars threatened the stability of the area during his first years as a Metropolitan. Sava, however, proved to be equal to the task, being a faithful defender of the Church. He always showed little interest in yielding to the demands of the political authority to establish Calvinism among the ranks of the Orthodox, let alone unity with the Roman Catholics. He corresponded with metropolitan bishops
260:(Transylvania) until 1680, and despite repeated criticism from the leaders of the Reformed Church that, regarding the fifteen points, he "adhered to some of them, but not to others." In 1680, Metropolitan Sava II, however, was suddenly imprisoned. Among the possible reasons for the charges were the nomination of a new Calvinist superintendent in the person of Mihaly Tóföi and—much more seriously—the apparent participation of Đorđe and Sava Branković in a recently discovered plot to raise a revolt against the Turks, which would jeopardize Apafi position in Transylvania.
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Romanian language in print was part of a wider effort of what would eventually become
Romania's struggle for sovereignty and cultural self-preservation a century and a half later. Sava wanted to preserve the Romanian identity that had been experiencing enormous pressure from the Hungarians, Austrians, and Turks. He initiated the publication of sermons for the laity in Romanian, Biblical texts in
136:, at the western border of the Principality of Transylvania, which was a vassal state of the Ottoman Empire. The Branković family was of notable Serbian origin and owned many large estates, and produced several notable soldiers and ecclesiastics since the end of the 16th century, becoming the most prominent among the Serb families of Arad County.
199:, now extant. Sava was driven from his See between 1660-1662 because of his labors to strengthen his flock in Orthodoxy. Although he returned to his duties, more determined than ever, and served without interruption until 1680, Metropolitan Sava was often harassed because he refused to cooperate with the prince of the realm --
203:—and the Calvinists, who took root in Ardeal (Transylvania) a century earlier, the 1550s. Among the Hungarian speakers in Transylvania, the Calvinist branch was the dominant religion of the upper class, though Transylvania and Banat at the time had a large Romanian and Serbian population respectively.
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Shortly after their return from Russia, the journey made Sava problems with the authorities. This led to Sava's persecution by Prince Apafi and the
Protestant leadership, who did not appreciate the metropolitan's fierce opposition to their attempts to convert the Orthodox faithful of Transylvania and
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For more than two decades, Sava played a leading role in Erdelj's book printing. He was one of the first to print in the
Romanian language. Sava and his followers at Alba Iulia made the first steps in formulating the fundamentals of the modern Romanian and Serbian languages. The proliferation of the
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Sava concocted the idea that the
Brankovići of Arad County descended from the medieval Branković dynasty, which was not improbable, being the last ruling dynasty in Serbia before the Ottoman conquest. He passed this idea to Đorđe, with whom it would resonate all his life. The metropolitan planned a
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In the face of these difficulties, Sava set up a printing house in Alba Iulia where he published service books, manuals of instruction for clergy and laity, and catechism. He also preached sermons based on the writings of the Early
Fathers and using the Lives of the Saints as models for his flock.
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Still, Apafi made occasional concessions to Sava, on the other hand, he insisted on compliance with the so-called fifteen points of his predecessors and unconditional subordination of the
Orthodox clergy to the Reformed superintendent Kovásznai. Despite Apafi's disagreements with Sava, Đorđe
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After he was released, Sava died on April 24, 1683, the result of injuries he had sustained during the time in Apafi's castle in Blaj where he was seriously whipped. Much later, his brother would be incarcerated for almost three decades by
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in
Wallachia, and there he received monastic tonsure with the name Sava. On September 16, 1656, he was consecrated by metropolitan Stephen of Wallachia. Metropolitan Sava II moved to the capital of the principality,
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In 1668, Metropolitan Sava II traveled to the
Russian Empire accompanied by eleven men, Đorđe Branković among them. The journey was planned to seek help from the Emperor for the Orthodox population in
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diplomatic and political career for his younger brother, who learned
Turkish, Hungarian, Romanian, and Latin. In 1663, during the government of Prince Michael I Apafi, Đorđe was employed as
283:, that the metropolitan of Alba Iulia be elected by the synod of Wallachia, which also consolidated the unity of the Romanians and other Orthodox co-religionists on both sides of the
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In 1656, a council of the clergy at Alba Iulia elected the widowed Father Simeon as the Metropolitan of Ardeal. He traveled to the Saint Nicholas-Geartoglu Church of
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Branković was again in his service. Prince Apafi even entrusted Đorđe with diplomatic and intelligence assignments. Đorđe continued to serve as the Transylvanian
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who spent three decades in jail without being charged for any crime. Today Sava II Branković is venerated as the Metropolitan of Transylvania, and Confessor of
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and informed him that the Orthodox Serbs, Bulgarians, and Wallachians were ready to liberate themselves from the Turks, with Russia's military help.
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at the Porte from 1675 to 1677. Sava apparently navigated shrewdly through these obstacles, since he remained the hierarch of
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until October 1664. He remained at the Porte until 1667, participating in several diplomatic missions.
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Young Simeon was tutored at home, then his studies took him to Orthodox monasteries in
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castle as Apafi's prisoner, and Đorđe Branković lost no time to contact his friend,
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393:Историјски часопис: орган Историјског института Српске академије наука и уметности
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408:"St. Sava Brankovic of Ardeal - Hidden Saints | Ancient Faith Ministries"
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was imprisoned for having the same contacts of which his brother was accused.
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Simeon Branković was born in 1615 in the town of Ineu (Serbian: Jenopolje) in
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for allegedly attempting to unite the Serbs in the Balkans against the
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St. Sava Brancovici, Metropolitan of Ardeal, and Confessor of Romania
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religije, Jugoslovensko udruženje za naučno istraživanje (2006).
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458:"Saint Sava Brancovici, Metropolitan of Transylvania (+ 1683)"
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Protestantism on the Balkans in the Past, Today and the Future
217:(agent) representing the ruler of Transylvania at the Ottoman
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Adaptation of an Orthodox Church of America (OCA) biography:
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370:. Yugoslav Society for the Scientific Study of Religion.
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vivantes (France), École des langues orientales (1883).
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to observe the old tradition in force from the time of
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who was canonized for opposing the oppression of the
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299:. Though kept in prison, he was never charged.
236:). The metropolitan had an audience with Tsar
440:. Harvard Ukrainian Research Institute. 1987.
422:"Lumina: Revistă de literatură și cultură"
339:https://drevo-info.ru/articles/14948.html
124:, his feast day is on the 24th of April.
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337:Russian biography of Sava II Branković:
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396:(in Serbian). Научно дело. 1987.
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524:Romanian Orthodox clergy
483:(in French). E. Leroux.
304:Romanian Orthodox Church
102:Romanian Orthodox Church
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57:Eastern Orthodox Church
519:People from Alba Iulia
316:List of Serbian saints
106:Roman Catholic Church
82:St. Sava II Branković
456:Sanidopoulos, John.
306:on 21 October 1955.
26:St Sava II Branković
68:21 October 1955 by
485:Sava II Branković.
269:Șerban Cantacuzino
263:Sava was taken to
277:Michael the Brave
86:Sabbas Brancovici
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254:kapı kâhyası
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509:1683 deaths
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285:Carpathians
160:Targovishte
134:Arad County
498:Categories
463:2019-08-29
327:References
112:, and the
110:Calvinists
98:Alba Iulia
351:Footnotes
293:Leopold I
197:Wallachia
128:Biography
96:, 1615 -
64:Canonized
310:See also
273:Habsburg
213:for the
210:dragoman
193:Moldavia
169:Dosoftei
149:Bulgaria
424:. 1968.
332:Sources
141:Hungary
122:Romania
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258:Ardeal
238:Alexis
234:Erdelj
195:, and
145:Serbia
108:, the
219:Porte
21:Saint
372:ISBN
279:and
265:Blaj
171:and
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90:Ineu
45:Died
40:1615
37:Born
84:or
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