Sherman's March to the Sea

1229:. He first distinguished between "this war" and "European wars in particular": Union soldiers were "not only fighting hostile armies, but a hostile people, and must make old and young, rich and poor, feel the hard hand of war, as well as their organized armies." Sherman acknowledged that "the whole army is burning with an insatiable desire to wreak vengeance upon South Carolina. I almost tremble at her fate, but feel that she deserves all that seems in store for her." The general endeavored to assure southern Unionists in Georgia that he planned on applying the "hard hand of war" to the Carolinas in less than a week. According to the general, "the invariable reply was, 'Well, if you will make those people feel the utmost severities of war, we will pardon you for your desolation of Georgia.' I look upon Columbia as quite as bad as Charleston, and I doubt if we will spare the public buildings there as we did at Milledgeville." 1075: 557:... IV. The army will forage liberally on the country during the march. To this end, each brigade commander will organize a good and sufficient foraging party, under the command of one or more discreet officers, who will gather, near the route traveled, corn or forage of any kind, meat of any kind, vegetables, corn-meal, or whatever is needed by the command, aiming at all times to keep in the wagons at least ten days' provisions for the command and three days' forage. Soldiers must not enter the dwellings of the inhabitants, or commit any trespass, but during a halt or a camp they may be permitted to gather turnips, apples, and other vegetables, and to drive in stock in sight of their camp. To regular foraging parties must be intrusted the gathering of provisions and forage at any distance from the road traveled. 1272:

protections" in North Carolina. The records of Sherman's punitive actions in North Carolina revealed that punishments were commensurate with the conditions of Confederate rape victims, as well as the number of sexual assaults by a given perpetrator. For instance, one soldier " 'did by physical force and violence commit rape upon the person of one Miss Letitia Craft' in North Carolina", but the case was pending because the soldier may have been involved in the gang or serial rape of two additional Confederate women. As the Carolinas campaign continued, the racial contours of Sherman's disciplinary efforts shifted the targets of sexual assault from Confederate women to freedwomen because his men "rarely suffered consequences for their sexual assaults on African American women."

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being a success, the honor is yours; for I believe none of us went further than to acquiesce. And taking the work of General Thomas into the count, as it should be taken, it is indeed a great success. Not only does it afford the obvious and immediate military advantages, but, in showing to the world that your army could be divided, putting the stronger part to an important new service, and yet leaving enough to vanquish the old opposing force of the whole – Hood's army – it brings those who sat in darkness to see a great light. But what next? I suppose it will be safer if I leave General Grant and yourself to decide. Please make my grateful acknowledgments to your whole army, officers and men.

1184: 179: 168: 136: 6710: 1150:. Slaves' opinions varied concerning the actions of Sherman and his army. Some who welcomed him as a liberator chose to follow his armies. Jacqueline Campbell has written, on the other hand, that some slaves looked upon the Union army's ransacking and invasive actions with disdain. They often felt betrayed, as they "suffered along with their owners, complicating their decision of whether to flee with or from Union troops", although that is now seen as a post synopsis of Confederate nationalism. A Confederate officer estimated that 10,000 liberated slaves followed Sherman's army, and hundreds died of "hunger, disease, or exposure" along the way. 1107:

refugees that had inundated the city. Sherman further arranged for 50,000 bushels of captured rice to be sold in the North to raise money to feed Savannah. While the local high society turned its nose up at the Union Army, refusing to be seen at social events with Union officers present, Sherman was ironically focused on protecting them. Sherman received numerous letters from the very Confederate officers he was fighting against, requesting that Sherman ensure the protection of their families. Sherman dutifully complied with the letters of protection he received, from both North and South, regardless of social standing.

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Savannah, and its dependent forts, and shall wait a reasonable time for your answer, before opening with heavy ordnance. Should you entertain the proposition, I am prepared to grant liberal terms to the inhabitants and garrison; but should I be forced to resort to assault, or the slower and surer process of starvation, I shall then feel justified in resorting to the harshest measures, and shall make little effort to restrain my army—burning to avenge the national wrong which they attach to Savannah and other large cities which have been so prominent in dragging our country into civil war.

634:, which immediately preceded the March to the Sea, he took rigorous steps to ensure that only the most physically fit men were accepted, that every man in the army could march for long distances and would fight without reservations. Sherman wanted only the "best fighting material." Doctors performed in-depth examinations to weed out the weak and those suffering from disease, and because of this 1% of the men were left behind. Eighty percent of the remaining soldiers were long-time veterans of campaigns in both the Western theatre, primarily, and the Eastern, a minority. 6756: 938: 1264:, or Union soldier violations of the " 'spatial and corporeal privacy' of Confederate women" during the Carolinas campaign. Unverified estimates indicate that nine Confederate civilians died every 72 hours during Sherman's 37-day March to the Sea. Historians still consider this number comparatively low. There was, however, a "shift to hard war" in the ensuing Carolinas campaign, with mounting Confederate civilian fatalities matching a surge in the number of confirmed sexual assaults on Confederate women by male Union soldiers. 861: 6768: 1298:

euphemisms?" In a 2017 book review, Sutherland added that "a more profitable approach to understanding why the war was fought with increasingly destructive force--and not just by Sherman--may be to recognize the fact that both armies waged, in Jefferson Davis's words, a 'savage war,' and accept it on those terms." Sutherland had previously argued that both sides invoked a comparative ethno-racial "Indian savagery" in explanations for "the need for ruthlessness."

6149: 3468: 869: 6159: 796:'s Department of South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida was meager. Hood had taken the bulk of forces in Georgia on his campaign to Tennessee in hopes of diverting Sherman to pursue him. Considering Sherman's military priorities, however, this tactical maneuver by his enemy to get out of his force's path was welcomed to the point of remarking, "If he will go to the Ohio River, I'll give him rations." There were about 13,000 men remaining at 853: 1302:

soldiers torched expansive acreage owned by planters as well as entire civilian neighborhoods. Sherman's army "undoubtedly would have tossed such owners into the fire", but a number of planters already decamped. The remaining civilians could, in many instances, "leave before their houses were torched." These "hard war" practices "were relatively rare in Georgia, but became more prevalent when Sherman's army reached South Carolina."

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mules or horses to replace the jaded animals of their trains, or to serve as pack-mules for the regiments or brigades. In all foraging, of whatever kind, the parties engaged will refrain from abusive or threatening language, and may, where the officer in command thinks proper, give written certificates of the facts, but no receipts, and they will endeavor to leave with each family a reasonable portion for their maintenance.

1236:. In his publications, Groce focused on the March to the Sea, contending that "it lacked the wholesale destruction of human life that characterized World War II" and that "Sherman’s primary targets — foodstuffs and industrial, government and military property — were carefully chosen to create the desired effect, and never included mass killing of civilians." Groce premised his arguments on the notion that Sherman's 1306:

Special Field Orders No. 120, for instance, indicated that, "should guerrillas or bushwhackers molest our march, or should the inhabitants burn bridges, obstruct roads, or otherwise manifest local hostility, then army commanders should order and enforce a devastation more or less relentless according to the measure of such hostility." In a 2023 encyclopedia entry on irregular civilian, southern Unionist, and

3478: 1222:, several writers argued that the total war tactics used during World War II were comparable to the tactics used during Sherman's March. Subsequent historians have objected to the comparison, arguing that Sherman's tactics were not as severe or indiscriminate. Some historians refer to Sherman's tactics as "hard war" to emphasize the distinction between Sherman's tactics and those used during World War II. 450:, he approached General Sherman and handed him a scrap of paper. On it was Byers' poem. Reading the paper later in the day, Sherman was so moved by Byers' poem that he promoted Byers to his staff where the two became lifelong friends. The poem would go on to lend its name to Sherman's campaign, and a version set to music became an instant hit with Sherman's Army and later the public. 966:. Kilpatrick slipped by the defensive line that Wheeler had placed near Brier Creek, but on the night of November 26 Wheeler attacked and drove the 8th Indiana and 2nd Kentucky Cavalry away from their camps at Sylvan Grove. Kilpatrick abandoned his plans to destroy the railroad bridge and he also learned that the prisoners had been moved from Camp Lawton, so he rejoined the army at 1244:. Groce summarized the latter code, signed into law by Lincoln on the eve of the Battle of Gettysburg, as authorizing the Union "Army to destroy civilian property, starve noncombatants, shell towns, keep enemy civilians in besieged cities, free slaves and summarily execute guerrillas if such measures were deemed necessary to winning the war and defending the country." 833:... We rode out of Atlanta by the Decatur road, filled by the marching troops and wagons of the Fourteenth Corps; and reaching the hill, just outside of the old rebel works, we naturally paused to look back upon the scenes of our past battles. We stood upon the very ground whereon was fought the bloody battle of July 22d, and could see the copse of wood where 1255:

observed that "scholars who insist that 'total' wars must be defined by saturation bombing or the callous dismissal of dead civilians as collateral damage often seem eager to sanitize the American Civil War by making it appear less uncivil than it was in fact. They might consider, as Brady and Nelson

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Richard Dennis Arnold, with a delegation of aldermen and ladies of the city, rode out (until they were unhorsed by fleeing Confederate cavalrymen) to offer a proposition: The city would surrender and offer no resistance, in exchange for General Geary's promise to protect the city's citizens and their

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The sole exception to Groce's focus on the March to the Sea was evidence for his contention that Sherman fought "to bring rebels back into the Union, not to annihilate them." Groce rested this corollary conclusion on a vignette from the Carolinas campaign. According to Groce, Sherman "told one South

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and mills. Military historians Herman Hattaway and Archer Jones cited the significant damage wrought to railroads and Southern logistics in the campaign and stated that "Sherman's raid succeeded in 'knocking the Confederate war effort to pieces'." David J. Eicher wrote that "Sherman had accomplished

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Several small actions followed. Wheeler and some infantry struck in a rearguard action at Ball's Ferry on November 24 and November 25. While Howard's wing was delayed near Ball's Bluff, the 1st Alabama Cavalry (a Federal regiment) engaged Confederate pickets. Overnight, Union engineers constructed a

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fell. Behind us lay Atlanta, smouldering and in ruins, the black smoke rising high in air, and hanging like a pall over the ruined city. Away off in the distance, on the McDonough road, was the rear of Howard's column, the gun-barrels glistening in the sun, the white-topped wagons stretching away to

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and the Ovidian-Machiavellian aphorism, "the end justifies the means", played roles in Union military strategy. According to Sutherland, Union generals believed that, "however destructive Union military policy proved to be, the ends of repairing the Union and abolishing slavery justified the means.

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study which sought to measure the medium- and long-term economic impact of Sherman's March, "the capital destruction induced by the March led to a large contraction in agricultural investment, farming asset prices, and manufacturing activity. Elements of the decline in agriculture persisted through

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Many, many thanks for your Christmas gift, the capture of Savannah. When you were about leaving Atlanta for the Atlantic coast, I was anxious, if not fearful; but feeling that you were the better judge, and remembering that 'nothing risked, nothing gained,' I did not interfere. Now, the undertaking

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and General Ulysses S. Grant had serious reservations about Sherman's plans. Still, Grant trusted Sherman's assessment and on November 2, 1864, he sent Sherman a telegram stating simply, "Go as you propose." The 300-mile (480 km) march began on November 15. Sherman recounted in his memoirs the

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described the men of Sherman's army as "probably the finest army of military 'workmen' the modern world has seen. An army of individuals trained in the school of experience to look after their own food and health, to march far and fast with the least fatigue, to fight with the least exposure, above

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Sherman had ruthlessly cut to the bone the supplies carried, intending as he did for the army to live off the land as much as possible. Each division and brigade had a supply train, but the size of the train was strictly limited. Each regiment had one wagon and one ambulance, and each company had

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million in 2023) in destruction, about one fifth of which "inured to our advantage" while the "remainder is simple waste and destruction". The Army wrecked 300 miles (480 km) of railroad and numerous bridges and miles of telegraph lines. It seized 5,000 horses, 4,000 mules, and 13,000 head of

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The Army's stay in Savannah was generally without incident. The Army was on its best behavior, in part because anyone caught doing "unsoldier-like deeds" was to be summarily executed. As the Army recuperated, Sherman quickly tackled a variety of local problems. He organized relief for the flood of

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VI. As for horses, mules, wagons, &c., belonging to the inhabitants, the cavalry and artillery may appropriate freely and without limit, discriminating, however, between the rich, who are usually hostile, and the poor or industrious, usually neutral or friendly. Foraging parties may also take

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We are not only fighting armies, but a hostile people, and must make old and young, rich and poor, feel the hard hand of war, as well as their organized armies. I know that this recent movement of mine through Georgia has had a wonderful effect in this respect. Thousands who had been deceived by

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I have already received guns that can cast heavy and destructive shot as far as the heart of your city; also, I have for some days held and controlled every avenue by which the people and garrison of Savannah can be supplied, and I am therefore justified in demanding the surrender of the city of

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in 1865. Sung from the point of view of a Union soldier, the lyrics detail the freeing of slaves and punishing the Confederacy for starting the war. Sherman came to dislike the song, in part because he was never one to rejoice over a fallen foe, and in part because it was played at almost every

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More recently, historians have begun to research the extent to which Sherman's Special Orders No. 120 mitigated the effects of the Lieber Code during the March to the Sea, as well as questioning the practical execution of the latter code's strict dichotomy between civilians and combatants. The

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Historians Wayne Wei-siang Hsieh and Williamson Murray likewise contended that "Sherman, and Grant, for that matter, were looking backward, not forward." Sherman studied the history of European warfare, "not to mention the actions of Americans fighting the Indians in North America." Sherman's

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themselves—noble warriors or bloodthirsty criminals—beg for more attention, even if each side of each debate might consider the case closed." Such studies on "irregular warfare" exacerbated, but also reconfigured, challenges in counting civilians and counting combatants during the Civil War.

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Conversely, for scholars who advanced an indiscriminate consequentialism against noncombatants, especially Confederate ones, as key to expediting abolition and winning the war, "why should we not simply acknowledge the circumstances, rather than be embarrassed by them or try to cloak them in

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V. To army corps commanders alone is intrusted the power to destroy mills, houses, cotton-gins, &c., and for them this general principle is laid down: In districts and neighborhoods where the army is unmolested no destruction of such property should be permitted; but should guerrillas or

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warfare. Although his formal orders specified control over destruction of infrastructure in areas in which his army was unmolested by guerrilla activity, he recognized that supplying an army through liberal foraging would have a destructive effect on the morale of the civilian population it

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the Sea", historian Lisa Tendrich Frank maintained, Union soldiers had "earned a reputation for being 'rather loose on the handle.' " Sherman responded to the South Carolina increase in sexual assaults by punishing "the rape of white women, whose race and class provided some privileges and

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in and by the Confederate States of America, historian Matthew Stith conceded that critics of "total war" usages in Civil War historiography were often "heavy-handed." In the final analysis, however, "debates about the war’s severity—total versus hard—as well as the nature of guerrillas

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on November 30, Hatch fought a vigorous battle against G.W. Smith's 1,500 Georgia militiamen, 3 miles (4.8 km) south of Grahamville Station, South Carolina. Smith's militia fought off the Union attacks, and Hatch withdrew after suffering about 650 casualties, versus Smith's 50.

1294:, Civil War "relics lost the horror of their creation" and the war itself "acquired a nostalgic glow" for federal regiments and cavalry, even as "former Confederates exploited, and sometimes exaggerated, the destruction to enhance the power of their Lost Cause rhetoric." 593:

William T. Sherman and several Generals who took part in the march. Standing, left to right: Oliver Otis Howard, William Babcock Hazen, Jefferson Columbus Davis, Joseph Anthony Mower. Seated, left to right: John Alexander Logan, William Tecumseh Sherman, Henry Warner

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bushwhackers molest our march, or should the inhabitants burn bridges, obstruct roads, or otherwise manifest local hostility, then army commanders should order and enforce a devastation more or less relentless according to the measure of such hostility.

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VII. Negroes who are able-bodied and can be of service to the several columns may be taken along, but each army commander will bear in mind that the question of supplies is a very important one and that his first duty is to see to them who bear arms...

3091:, from negatives taken in the field, by Geo. N. Barnard, official photographer of the military div. of the Mississippi. Published/Created: New York, Press of Wynkoop & Hallenbeck, 1866. (searchable facsimile at the University of Georgia Libraries; 529:", would provide food seized from local farms for the army while they destroyed the railroads and the manufacturing and agricultural infrastructure of Georgia. In planning for the march, Sherman used livestock and crop production data from the 1240:(1864), which prohibited Union soldiers from entering Confederate dwellings and encouraged Union soldiers to appropriate Confederate horses, mules, and wagons only from "the rich", had successfully mitigated the effects of the previous year's 838:

the south; and right before us the Fourteenth Corps, marching steadily and rapidly, with a cheery look and swinging pace, that made light of the thousand miles that lay between us and Richmond. Some band, by accident, struck up the anthem of "

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This was the process by which the 62,000 men (55,000 infantry, 5,000 cavalry, and 2,000 artillerymen manning 64 guns) Sherman commanded were assembled, and would leave Atlanta for Savannah. They were divided into two columns for the march:

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arrived to stabilize the defense, and the division of Georgia militia launched several hours of badly coordinated attacks, eventually retreating with about 1,100 casualties (of which about 600 were prisoners), versus the Union's 100.

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Grant, Sheridan, and Sherman all said as much." Historians who attempted to classify the Civil War as a "total war" or scorched-earth "hard war" confounded their own conceptual frameworks for the persistence of this consequentialist

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Hardee decided not to surrender but to escape. Historian Barrett assesses that Sherman could have stopped Hardee, but failed to because he was hesitant to overcommit his forces. On December 20, Hardee led his men across the

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had entrenched 10,000 men in favorable fighting positions, and his soldiers had flooded the surrounding rice fields, leaving only narrow causeways available to approach the city. Sherman was blocked from linking up with the

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one pack mule for the baggage of its officers; the number of tents carried was curtailed. The staffs of the various headquarters were ruthlessly restricted, and much clerical work was done by permanent offices in the rear.

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property. Geary telegraphed Sherman, who advised him to accept the offer. Arnold presented him with the key to the city, and Sherman's men, led by Geary's division of the XX Corps, occupied the city the same day.

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an amazing task. He had defied military principles by operating deep within enemy territory and without lines of supply or communication. He destroyed much of the South's potential and psychology to wage war."

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was even more destructive than the Savannah campaign, since Sherman and his men harbored much ill-will for that state's part in bringing on the start of the Civil War; the following portion, through

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gift the City of Savannah, with one hundred and fifty heavy guns and plenty of ammunition and about twenty-five thousand bales of cotton." On December 26, the president replied in a letter:

958:, Wheeler struck at Slocum's advance guard. Kilpatrick was ordered to make a feint toward Augusta before destroying the railroad bridge at Brier Creek and moving to liberate the Camp Lawton 6803: 887:

The two wings of the army attempted to confuse and deceive the enemy about their destinations; the Confederates could not tell from the initial movements whether Sherman would march on

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and the state legislature. On November 23, Slocum's troops captured the city and held a mock legislative session in the capitol building, jokingly voting Georgia back into the Union.

6188: 5807: 443:. During his imprisonment, Byers wrote a poem about the Savannah campaign which he titled "Sherman's March to the Sea", which was set to music by fellow prisoner W. O. Rockwell. 6126: 5953: 3668: 899:, which caused the defenders there to conduct a fighting retreat to Macon. The cavalry captured two Confederate guns at Lovejoy's Station, and then two more and 50 prisoners at 842:"; the men caught up the strain, and never before or since have I heard the chorus of "Glory, glory, hallelujah!" done with more spirit, or in better harmony of time and place. 1022:, in hopes of unblocking his route and obtaining supplies awaiting him on the Navy ships. On December 13, William B. Hazen's division of Howard's wing stormed the fort in the 978:

halted Wheeler's advance, and Wheeler was later stopped decisively by Union barricades at Reynolds's Plantation. On December 4, Kilpatrick's cavalry routed Wheeler's at the

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have done, that absolute destruction and dislocation can take many forms and must ultimately be defined by the victims of war." The historiographical debates between

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on November 22. Confederate Maj. Gen. Wheeler's cavalry struck Brig. Gen. Kilpatrick's, killing one, wounding two and capturing 18. The infantry brigade of Brig. Gen.

525:, in that Sherman's armies would reduce their need for traditional supply lines by "living off the land" after consuming their 20 days of rations. Foragers, known as " 1248:

Carolina woman that he was ransacking her plantation so that her soldier husband would come home and Grant would not have to kill him in the trenches at Petersburg."

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The "hard war" doctrine in Civil War historiography initially derived from Sherman's correspondence during the interim ten days between his March to the Sea and

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their lying papers into the belief that we were being whipped all the time, realized the truth, and have no appetite for a repetition of the same experience.

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One example of an outspoken exponent of the "hard war" classification was W. Todd Groce, President and Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of the

1114:, intending to complete his turning movement and combine his armies with Grant's against Robert E. Lee. Sherman's next major action was the 4459: 3529: 1207:

north of Savannah while attempting to follow Sherman's Army in its March to the Sea. In 2011, a historical marker was erected there by the

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Welch, Robert Christopher. "Forage Liberally: The Role of Agriculture in Sherman's March to the Sea." Iowa State University thesis, 2011.

1118:, the strategically important capital of South Carolina. After a successful two-month campaign, Sherman accepted the surrender of General 6016: 5546: 4595: 4354: 3079: 1307: 258: 6229: 6110: 5973: 5958: 4389: 4005: 2759: 1423:"Abstract from return of the Department of South Carolina, Georgia and Florida, Lieut. Gen. W.J. Hardee commanding, November 20, 1864" 1337: 550: 6204: 5963: 5726: 5696: 5334: 5263: 3961: 3956: 3183: 1350: 1332: 1096: 470: 1153:

The March to the Sea was devastating to Georgia and the Confederacy. Sherman himself estimated that the campaign had inflicted $ 100

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brought in additional men from Florida and the Carolinas, but they never were able to increase their effective force beyond 13,000.

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To the Sea: A History and Tour Guide of the War in the West, Sherman's March across Georgia and through the Carolinas, 1864–1865

2811: 6364: 6298: 6021: 5766: 4509: 4504: 4179: 3153: 1962: 251: 4349: 911:. Slocum's wing, accompanied by Sherman, moved to the east, in the direction of Augusta. They destroyed the bridge across the 6793: 5593: 4585: 4580: 4444: 4344: 3595: 3437: 3083: 2901: 2832: 2712: 2682: 2545: 2505: 2474: 2419: 2394: 2351: 2291: 2263: 2235: 1283:, a thinly-veiled justification for racially-motivated hate crimes that largely spared Confederate noncombatants. During the 1146:

Sherman's scorched earth policies have always been highly controversial, and Sherman's memory has long been reviled by many

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Union soldiers sang many songs during the March, but it is one written afterward that has come to symbolize the campaign: "

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to lead his troops through areas where he believed they would be able to forage most effectively. The twisted and broken

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The second objective of the campaign was more traditional. Grant's armies in Virginia continued in a stalemate against

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At the same time, Slocum's left wing approached the state capital at Milledgeville, prompting the hasty departure of

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Sherman's March and the Emergence of the Independent Black Church Movement: From Atlanta to the Sea to Emancipation

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Sherman's March to the Sea was celebrated in music in 1865 with words by S.H.M. Byers and music by J.O. Rockwell.

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and captured it within 15 minutes. Some of the 134 Union casualties were caused by torpedoes, a name for crude

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cattle. It confiscated 9.5 million pounds of corn and 10.5 million pounds of fodder, and destroyed uncounted

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As the army would be out of touch with the North throughout the campaign, Sherman gave explicit orders,

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rails that the troops heated over fires, wrapped around tree trunks and left behind became known as

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William T. Sherman, Military Division of the Mississippi Special Field Order 120, November 9, 1864.

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public appearance that he attended. It was widely popular among US soldiers of 20th-century wars.

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all, to act swiftly and to work thoroughly." After his surrender to Sherman, Confederate General

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The campaign was designed by Grant and Sherman to be similar to Grant's innovative and successful

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The Image before the Weapon: A Critical History of the Distinction between Combatant and Civilian

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was unusual for its time, and the campaign is regarded by some historians as an early example of

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From Savannah, after a month-long delay for rest, Sherman marched north in the spring in the

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William T. Sherman, Message to William J. Hardee, December 17, 1864, recorded in his memoirs

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The General Who Marched to Hell; William Tecumseh Sherman and His March to Fame and Infamy

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said of Sherman's men that "there has been no such army since the days of Julius Caesar."

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The March to the Sea and Beyond: Sherman's Troops in the Savannah and Carolinas Campaigns

1749: 1115: 1100: 967: 759: 747: 698: 507: 447: 313: 2734: 2307:

McCURRY, Stephanie (2017). "Enemy Women and the Laws of War in the American Civil War".

627:. Thomas would go on to defeat Hood, leaving Sherman's main army effectively unopposed. 553:, regarding the conduct of the campaign. The following is an excerpt from those orders: 6590: 6523: 6469: 6443: 6423: 6418: 5916: 5786: 5312: 5297: 5178: 5136: 5108: 4945: 4910: 4757: 4717: 4234: 4204: 4194: 4070: 4065: 4045: 4040: 4020: 3770: 3673: 3590: 3538: 3296: 3107: 2751: 2653: 2636: 2623:

Marching through Georgia: The Story of Soldiers and Civilians During Sherman's Campaign

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The March attracted a huge number of refugees, to whom Sherman assigned land with his

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There has been disagreement among historians on whether Sherman's March constituted

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When Sherman Marched North from the Sea: Resistance on the Confederate Home Front

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When Sherman Marched North from the Sea: Resistance on the Confederate Home Front

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Sherman's armies reached the outskirts of Savannah on December 10 but found that

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The Hard Hand of War: Union Military Policy Toward Southern Civilians, 1861-1865

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The Civilian War: Confederate Women and Union Soldiers During Sherman's March

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The Civilian War: Confederate Women and Union Soldiers during Sherman's March

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as he had planned, so he dispatched cavalry to Fort McAllister, guarding the

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More Union troops entered the campaign from an unlikely direction. Maj. Gen.

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A Savage Conflict: The Decisive Role of Guerrillas in the American Civil War

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The Cambridge History of the American Civil War: Volume 1: Military Affairs

1814: 1219: 1099:. These orders have been depicted in popular culture as the origin of the " 947: 912: 436: 2839:

What the Yankees Did to Us: Sherman's Bombardment and Wrecking of Atlanta.

2662:. Oxford History of the United States. New York: Oxford University Press. 2495: 2173: 2019:

Walters, John Bennett (1948) "General William T. Sherman and Total War".

1848:"'Somewhere Toward Freedom': Sherman's March and Georgia's Refugee Slaves" 1535: 4677: 3715: 3695: 3096: 3003: 1932: 1241: 1211:

to commemorate the African Americans who had risked so much for freedom.

2915: 1794: 1037:, he was able to obtain the supplies and siege artillery he required to 273: 6060: 4935: 4697: 3898: 3893: 2940: 1163: 771:

operated in support of the two wings, and reported directly to Sherman.

369: 974:

on November 28, Kilpatrick was surprised and nearly captured, but the

868: 6814:

Military operations of the American Civil War in Georgia (U.S. state)

5324: 3507: 2949:

Through the Heart of Dixie : Sherman's March and American Memory

1215: 1083: 1082:

Sherman telegraphed to President Lincoln, "I beg to present you as a

1027: 1015: 405: 1981:. United States: Rowman and Littlefield Publishers. pp. 75–79. 1033:

Now that Sherman had contact with the Navy fleet under Rear Admiral

852: 608:, did not employ his entire army group in the campaign. Confederate 411:

Following the March to the Sea, Sherman's army headed north for the

396:. Sherman's decision to operate deep within enemy territory without 5329: 2540:. Chapel Hill, North Carolina: University of North Carolina Press. 1041:

Savannah. On December 17, he sent a message to Hardee in the city:

997:, hoping to assist Sherman's arrival near Savannah by securing the 534: 3069:

General Sherman’s Surprise Christmas Present for President Lincoln

2118:"Letter of William T. Sherman to Henry Halleck, December 24, 1864" 2001:

Barrett, John G. (1960) "Sherman and Total War in the Carolinas".

372:. The campaign began on November 15 with Sherman's troops leaving 2129: 2127: 1799:(1 ed.). College Station: Texas A & M University Press. 918:

The first real resistance was felt by Howard's right wing at the

526: 373: 2436:"Avalon Project - General Orders No. 100 : The Lieber Code" 6127:

List of films and television shows about the American Civil War

1542:. National Spirit via bartleby.com. Accessed: February 21, 2023 847:

William T. Sherman, Memoirs of General W.T. Sherman, Chapter 21

490:, believed that the Civil War would come to an end only if the 431:

The March to the Sea owes its common name to a poem written by

392:. The operation debilitated the Confederacy and helped lead to 2124: 2050:

Neeley, Mark E., Jr. (1991) "Was the Civil War a Total War?".

1267:

During the South Carolina stage of the so-called "March North

872:

Sherman's advance: Tennessee, Georgia, and Carolinas (1863–65)

812:, had approximately 10,000 troopers. During the campaign, the 6203: 2764:. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1880–1901. 2249: 2247: 483:

of May to September 1864. He and the Union Army's commander,

3849: 946:

bridge 2 miles (3.2 km) away from the bluff across the

864:

Savannah campaign (Sherman's March to the Sea): detailed map

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Feigenbaum, James; Lee, James; Mezzanotti, Filippo (2022).

6804:

Campaigns of the Western Theater of the American Civil War

2410:

Murray, Williamson; Hsieh, Wayne Wei-Siang (22 May 2018).

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Sutherland, Daniel E. (2014). "Total War by Other Means".

1203:

Hundreds of African Americans drowned trying to cross in

2610:. Urbana, Illinois: University of Illinois Press, 1983. 2272: 2146: 1774: 1577: 1575: 435:

in late 1864. Byers was a Union prisoner of war held at

2688:

Nevin, David and the Editors of Time-Life Books (1986)

2254:

Frank, Lisa Tendrich (2019). "The Carolinas Campaign".

1912: 514:

and keep Confederate reinforcements from reaching him.

2608:

How the North Won: A Military History of the Civil War

2578:

The Longest Night: A Military History of the Civil War

2455:"Irregular and Guerrilla Warfare during the Civil War" 2075:. New York: Cambridge University Press. pp. 4–5. 1513: 30:"Sherman's March" redirects here. For other uses, see 6744: 3168: 1762: 1572: 479:

Sherman's "March to the Sea" followed his successful

2989:

Sherman's March to the Sea 1864: Atlanta to Savannah

2677:. Columbia, Missouri: University of Missouri Press. 1963:"Historical markers illustrate overlooked stories" 989:dispatched 5,500 men and 10 guns under Brig. Gen. 619:, and Sherman detached two armies under Maj. Gen. 204:Department of South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida 2935:Rhodes, James Ford. "Sherman's March to the Sea" 2777:"Savannah Campaign Confederate order of battle" ( 2595:. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press. 2412:A Savage War: A Military History of the Civil War 1061:on a makeshift pontoon bridge. The next morning, 499:encountered in its wide sweep through the state. 390:Confederacy's economy and transportation networks 6780: 5813:Confederate States presidential election of 1861 2853:Breaking the Heartland: The Civil War in Georgia 2459:Oxford Research Encyclopedia of American History 2414:. Princeton University Press. pp. 467–468. 2389:. Univ of North Carolina Press. pp. 26–40. 2258:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 337–361. 1078:Telegram sent by Sherman to Lincoln, December 22 27:1864 military campaign in the American Civil War 2747:. First published 1889 by D. Appleton & Co. 1658:"Savannah Campaign Confederate order of battle" 954:the Confederate position. On November 25–26 at 876:Sherman's personal escort on the march was the 5637:Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the U.S. 2827:, Random House Publishing Group, 1980 / 2016. 2739:. 2nd ed. New York: Library of America, 1990. 1974: 941:Sherman's men destroying a railroad in Atlanta 856:Savannah campaign (Sherman's March to the Sea) 829:scene when he left at 7 am the following day: 6189: 3523: 3499: 3154: 1632:"The Civil War This Week: Oct 27–Nov 2, 1864" 880:, a unit made up entirely of Southerners who 630:When Sherman had prepared his forces for the 360:from November 15 until December 21, 1864, by 259: 2286:. Cornell University Press. pp. 92–94. 2221: 2219: 1920:American Economic Journal: Applied Economics 1492: 453: 380:, and ended with the capture of the port of 2768:"Savannah Campaign Union order of battle" ( 2409: 1501:. University of Iowa Press Digital Editions 1439: 1437: 1435: 907:to Gordon, southwest of the state capital, 808:, reinforced by a brigade under Brig. Gen. 6196: 6182: 3530: 3516: 3161: 3147: 2977:Macon, GA: Mercer University Press, 2006. 2975:Sherman's 1864 Trail of Battle to Atlanta. 2951:. The University of North Carolina Press. 2851:Fowler, John D. and David B. Parker, eds. 2841:Macon, GA: Mercer University Press, 2012. 2705:Southern Storm: Sherman's March to the Sea 2528:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 2384: 2342:Campbell, Jacqueline Glass (26 May 2006). 2210:"The Burning (U.S. National Park Service)" 2159: 1975:Caudill, Edward and Ashdown, Paul (2008). 1870: 266: 252: 6205:Western theater of the American Civil War 3184:Georgia Constitutional Convention of 1861 3129:When Georgia Howled: Sherman on the March 2924:. Nashville, TN: Cumberland House, 2002. 2216: 1965:, 5 September 2011; accessed 28 July 2016 1897: 1385:"Savannah Campaign Union order of battle" 1351:Western Theater of the American Civil War 792:The Confederate opposition from Lt. Gen. 471:Western Theater of the American Civil War 3726:Treatment of slaves in the United States 3089:Photographic views of Sherman's campaign 3029: 2692:. Alexandria, Virginia: Time-Life Books 2659:Battle Cry of Freedom: The Civil War Era 2341: 2281: 2068: 1836:OR, Series I, Vol. XLIV, Part 1, p. 798. 1538:in Carman, Bliss et al., editors (1904) 1432: 1182: 1073: 936: 867: 859: 851: 588: 5469:Sons of Union Veterans of the Civil War 3641:South Carolina Declaration of Secession 2556:The Centennial History of the Civil War 2493: 2306: 1780: 1768: 1581: 1338:Sherman's Special Field Orders, No. 120 1030:that were used only rarely in the war. 600:Savannah campaign Union order of battle 551:Sherman's Special Field Orders, No. 120 384:on December 21. His forces followed a " 14: 6781: 5454:Modern display of the Confederate flag 3537: 3116:for "Sherman's March to the Sea" from 3084:Pritzker Military Museum & Library 3012:Savannah, Ga: Frederic C. Beil, 1997. 2625:. New York: HarperCollins Publishers. 2467:10.1093/acrefore/9780199329175.013.926 1845: 1745:The Truth Behind '40 Acres and a Mule' 1488: 1486: 1452: 1377: 1375: 1373: 1371: 1333:Sherman's Special Field Orders, No. 15 6177: 5672: 5061: 4625: 3848: 3651:President Lincoln's 75,000 volunteers 3549: 3511: 3498: 3142: 2946: 2865: 2781:, Series I, Volume XLIV, pp. 875–876) 2497:Sherman's march through the Carolinas 2453:Stith, Matthew M. (31 January 2023). 2452: 2253: 2226:Frank, Lisa Tendrich (6 April 2015). 2225: 2133: 2095: 1792: 1734: 1519: 458: 415:. The portion of this march through 247: 3477: 2870:. Louisiana State University Press. 2606:Hattaway, Herman, and Archer Jones. 2562:. Garden City, New York: Doubleday. 2096:Groce, W. Todd (November 17, 2014). 1664:, Series I, Volume XLIV, pp. 875–76) 1540:The World's Best Poetry, Volume VIII 903:. Howard's infantry marched through 775:In 1929, British military historian 767:A cavalry division under Brig. Gen. 750:, with the divisions of Brig. Gens. 728:, with the divisions of Brig. Gens. 606:Military Division of the Mississippi 5808:Committee on the Conduct of the War 5484:United Daughters of the Confederacy 2762:of the Union and Confederate Armies 2690:Sherman's March: Atlanta to the Sea 2641:Sherman: Realist, Soldier, American 2134:Groce, W. Todd (18 November 2014). 1827:Eicher, pp. 793–94, 797–99, 831–35. 1796:Sherman and the burning of Columbia 1499:The Biographical Dictionary of Iowa 1483: 1391:, Series I, Volume XLIV, pp. 19–25) 1368: 24: 5878:U.S. Presidential Election of 1864 5673: 5217:impeachment managers investigation 3596:John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry 3080:Noah Andre Trudeau: Southern Storm 3064:General Sherman's March to the Sea 2892:Ludwick, Carol R; Rudy, Robert R. 2772:, Series I, Volume XLIV, pp. 19–25 2580:. New York: Simon & Schuster. 2536:Campbell, Jacqueline Glass (2003) 1978:Sherman's March in Myth and Memory 1629: 1453:Hudson, Myles (January 13, 2023). 1251:In a 2014 review essay, historian 693:, with the divisions of Maj. Gen. 579: 446:When Byers was freed by the Union 25: 6830: 5303:Reconstruction military districts 3751:Abolitionism in the United States 3706:Plantations in the American South 3621:Origins of the American Civil War 3170:Georgia in the American Civil War 3057: 2282:Kinsella, Helen M. (2 May 2011). 6766: 6754: 6708: 6667: 6157: 6148: 6147: 5286:Enforcement Act of February 1871 5259:Pulaski (Tennessee) riot of 1867 3476: 3467: 3466: 3384:Second Battle of Fort McAllister 2987:Smith, David, and Richard Hook. 2494:Barrett, John Gilchrist (1956). 2346:. Univ of North Carolina Press. 2004:North Carolina Historical Review 1495:"Byers, Samuel Hawkins Marshall" 1429:, Series I, Volume XLIV, p. 874) 999:Charleston and Savannah Railroad 508:besieged in Petersburg, Virginia 177: 166: 154: 134: 116: 55: 32:Sherman's March (disambiguation) 6294:Cumberland and Tennessee Rivers 6071:New York City Gold Hoax of 1864 5933:When Johnny Comes Marching Home 5494:Wilmington insurrection of 1898 3221:First Battle of Fort McAllister 2736:Memoirs of General W.T. Sherman 2446: 2428: 2403: 2378: 2360: 2335: 2300: 2202: 2188: 2110: 2089: 2062: 2044: 2031: 2013: 1995: 1968: 1956: 1947: 1906: 1888: 1879: 1839: 1830: 1821: 1786: 1725: 1716: 1703: 1694: 1685: 1676: 1667: 1650: 1623: 1614: 1605: 1596: 1587: 1563: 1554: 1545: 1410:, Series I, Volume XLIV, p. 16) 79:November 15 – December 21, 1864 6799:1864 in the American Civil War 5174:Southern Homestead Act of 1866 2798:Sherman's March to the Sea 2385:Sutherland, Daniel E. (2009). 2039:Total War and the Constitution 1793:Lucas, Marion Brunson (1976). 1525: 1474: 1446: 1413: 1394: 950:, and 200 soldiers crossed to 800:, south of Atlanta. Maj. Gen. 787: 81:(1 month and 6 days) 13: 1: 5589:Ladies' Memorial Associations 5291:Enforcement Act of April 1871 5187:Impeachment of Andrew Johnson 5062: 3030:Whelchel, Love Henry (2014). 2866:Frank, Lisa Tendrich (2015). 2591:Glatthaar, Joseph T. (1995) 1356: 6794:1864 in Georgia (U.S. state) 6561:(Sherman's March to the Sea) 5722:Confederate revolving cannon 5464:Sons of Confederate Veterans 5335:South Carolina riots of 1876 5313:Indian Council at Fort Smith 5264:South Carolina riots of 1876 5229:Knights of the White Camelia 3721:Slavery in the United States 3231:Battle of Davis' Cross Roads 2939:6#3 (1901) pp. 466–474 2812:Resources in other libraries 2703:Trudeau, Noah Andre. (2008) 2196:"Sherman's March to the Sea" 2136:"Rethinking Sherman's March" 2098:"Rethinking Sherman's March" 1852:Georgia Historical Quarterly 1536:"Sherman's March to the Sea" 1455:"Sherman's March to the Sea" 1238:Special Field Orders No. 120 1157:million (equivalent to $ 982 1069: 878:1st Alabama Cavalry Regiment 426: 7: 6076:New York City riots of 1863 5901:Battle Hymn of the Republic 5652:United Confederate Veterans 5489:Children of the Confederacy 5479:United Confederate Veterans 5474:Southern Historical Society 4626: 4106:Price's Missouri Expedition 3576:Timeline leading to the War 3550: 3407:Special Field Orders No. 15 3347:Battle of Lovejoy's Station 3307:Battle of Kennesaw Mountain 2896:. Lexographic Press, 2022. 2707:. New York: HarperCollins. 2675:Sherman's Forgotten General 2643:. New York: Da Capo Press. 2500:(1 ed.). Chapel Hill. 2162:Reviews in American History 2022:Journal of Southern History 1894:Hattaway and Jones, p. 655. 1314: 1097:Special Field Orders No. 15 882:remained loyal to the Union 654:, consisting of two corps: 625:Franklin–Nashville campaign 10: 6835: 6789:Sherman's March to the Sea 6044:Confederate Secret Service 5632:Grand Army of the Republic 5524:Grand Army of the Republic 5342:Southern Claims Commission 3369:Sherman's March to the Sea 3262:Battle of Rocky Face Ridge 3123:Sherman's March to the Sea 3103:Rethinking Sherman's March 2991:Osprey Publishing, 2012. 2947:Rubin, Anne Sarah (2014). 2937:American Historical Review 1560:Trudeau, pp. 47–48, 51–55. 1325:(2005 historical novel by 1234:Georgia Historical Society 1209:Georgia Historical Society 814:Confederate War Department 746:, commanded by Brig. Gen. 724:, commanded by Brig. Gen. 597: 468: 462: 338:Sherman's March to the Sea 277:Sherman's March to the Sea 227:more than 1,300 casualties 62:Sherman's March to the Sea 42:Sherman's March to the Sea 29: 6707: 6665: 6658: 6638: 6622: 6613: 6568: 6511: 6502: 6457: 6411: 6402: 6337: 6276: 6267: 6244: 6220: 6211: 6143: 6119: 6032:Confederate States dollar 6004: 5946: 5891: 5843:Habeas Corpus Act of 1863 5838:Emancipation Proclamation 5800: 5732:Medal of Honor recipients 5689: 5685: 5668: 5620:Confederate Memorial Hall 5602: 5581: 5539: 5511: 5502: 5422:Confederate Memorial Hall 5395:Confederate History Month 5375:Civil War Discovery Trail 5355: 5276:Habeas Corpus Act of 1867 5107: 5082:Reconstruction Amendments 5072: 5068: 5057: 4979: 4848: 4841: 4781: 4645: 4638: 4634: 4621: 4563: 4310: 4303: 4134: 3990: 3949: 3917: 3884: 3877: 3873: 3844: 3741: 3691:Emancipation Proclamation 3659: 3560: 3556: 3545: 3505: 3500:Links to related articles 3462: 3446: 3425: 3399: 3389:Battle of Altamaha Bridge 3379:Battle of Buck Head Creek 3317:Battle of Peachtree Creek 3282:Battle of New Hope Church 3244: 3213: 3192: 3176: 2910:. New York: Knopf, 1951. 2807:Resources in your library 2321:10.1017/S0738248017000244 1218:. In the years following 1178: 1172:American Economic Journal 1024:Battle of Fort McAllister 972:Battle of Buck Head Creek 714:, commanded by Maj. Gen. 689:, commanded by Maj. Gen. 660:, commanded by Maj. Gen. 650:, commanded by Maj. Gen. 623:to deal with Hood in the 544: 512:Army of Northern Virginia 454:Background and objectives 289: 234: 221: 208: 189: 147: 109: 71: 54: 46: 41: 6819:William Tecumseh Sherman 6289:New Madrid-Island No. 10 6106:U.S. Sanitary Commission 6017:Battlefield preservation 5923:Marching Through Georgia 5848:Hampton Roads Conference 5823:Confiscation Act of 1862 5818:Confiscation Act of 1861 5594:U.S. national cemeteries 5400:Confederate Memorial Day 5385:Civil War Trails Program 5254:New Orleans riot of 1866 3292:Battle of Pickett's Mill 2753:The War of the Rebellion 2673:Melton, Brian C. (2007) 1846:Parten, Bennett (2017). 1602:Liddell Hart, pp.236-237 1262:Valley Campaigns of 1864 1193:Marching Through Georgia 819: 664:, with the divisions of 604:Sherman, commanding the 584: 441:Columbia, South Carolina 433:S. H. M. Byers 362:William Tecumseh Sherman 6027:Confederate war finance 5647:Southern Cross of Honor 5615:1938 Gettysburg reunion 5610:1913 Gettysburg reunion 5308:Reconstruction Treaties 5281:Enforcement Act of 1870 5164:Freedman's Savings Bank 3781:Lane Debates on Slavery 3606:Lincoln–Douglas debates 3374:Battle of Griswoldville 3364:Second Battle of Tilton 3342:Second Battle of Dalton 2069:Grimsley, Mark (1995). 1741:Gates, Henry Lewis, Jr. 1460:Encyclopedia Britannica 920:Battle of Griswoldville 915:and then turned south. 718:, also with two corps: 646:The right wing was the 230:around 2,300 casualties 6299:New Orleans Expedition 6086:Richmond riots of 1863 6012:Baltimore riot of 1861 5792:U.S. Military Railroad 5712:Confederate Home Guard 5444:Historiographic issues 5410:Historical reenactment 3909:Revenue Cutter Service 3776:William Lloyd Garrison 3685:Dred Scott v. Sandford 3352:Battle of Jonesborough 3332:Battle of Brown's Mill 3312:Battle of Pace's Ferry 3272:First Battle of Tilton 3252:First Battle of Dalton 3236:Battle of Ringgold Gap 3200:Great Locomotive Chase 3034:. Palgrave Macmillan. 2309:Law and History Review 1756:June 23, 2013, at the 1593:Glatthar, pp.18-20, 33 1188: 1134: 1093: 1079: 1054: 942: 873: 865: 857: 850: 710:The left wing was the 595: 577: 394:its eventual surrender 148:Commanders and leaders 6051:Great Revival of 1863 5928:Maryland, My Maryland 5717:Confederate railroads 5380:Civil War Roundtables 5249:Meridian riot of 1871 5244:Memphis riots of 1866 3801:George Luther Stearns 3786:Elijah Parish Lovejoy 3679:Crittenden Compromise 3327:Battle of Ezra Church 3302:Battle of Kolb's Farm 3277:Battle of Adairsville 3226:Battle of Chickamauga 3205:Siege of Fort Pulaski 2906:Miers, Earl Schenck. 2758:a Compilation of the 2750:U.S. War Department, 2174:10.1353/rah.2014.0022 2037:Corwin, E. S. (1947) 1656:Further information: 1186: 1129: 1088: 1077: 1043: 940: 932:Governor Joseph Brown 871: 863: 855: 831: 648:Army of the Tennessee 598:Further information: 592: 555: 469:Further information: 378:taken by Union forces 222:Casualties and losses 196:Army of the Tennessee 66:Alexander Hay Ritchie 6773:Georgia (U.S. state) 6534:Forrest's Expedition 6475:Siege of Port Hudson 6329:West Tennessee Raids 5938:Daar kom die Alibama 5853:National Union Party 5529:memorials to Lincoln 5449:Lost Cause mythology 5154:Eufaula riot of 1874 5142:Confederate refugees 4355:District of Columbia 3982:Union naval blockade 3828:Underground Railroad 3616:Nullification crisis 3412:Battle of West Point 3337:Battle of Utoy Creek 2973:Secrist, Philip L., 2621:Kennett, Lee (1995) 2198:. 17 September 2014. 1933:10.1257/app.20200397 1420:Further information: 1401:Further information: 1382:Further information: 1292:American Indian Wars 1253:Daniel E. Sutherland 1170:According to a 2022 1141:, December 24, 1864. 1003:Battle of Honey Hill 980:Battle of Waynesboro 960:prisoner of war camp 824:Both U.S. President 752:Nathaniel J. Jackson 6096:Supreme Court cases 5863:Radical Republicans 5642:Old soldiers' homes 5626:Confederate Veteran 5552:artworks in Capitol 5271:Reconstruction acts 5132:Colfax riot of 1873 4096:Richmond-Petersburg 3701:Fugitive slave laws 3631:Popular sovereignty 3611:Missouri Compromise 3601:Kansas-Nebraska Act 3359:Battle of Allatoona 3010:Civil War Savannah. 2943:old classic account 2732:Sherman, William T. 2654:McPherson, James M. 2637:Liddell Hart, B. H. 2440:avalon.law.yale.edu 2120:. 24 December 1864. 1743:(January 7, 2013) " 1673:Trudeau, pp. 40–41. 1611:Liddell Hart, p.331 1532:Byers, Samuel H. M. 1443:Catton, pp. 415–16. 1137:Letter, Sherman to 1126:on April 26, 1865. 1116:capture of Columbia 1101:40 acres and a mule 748:Alpheus S. Williams 699:Mortimer D. Leggett 448:Capture of Columbia 340:(also known as the 6761:American Civil War 6549:Franklin–Nashville 6470:Siege of Vicksburg 5917:A Lincoln Portrait 5858:Politicians killed 5782:U.S. Balloon Corps 5777:Union corps badges 5557:memorials to Davis 5427:Disenfranchisement 5298:Reconstruction era 5179:Timber Culture Act 5137:Compromise of 1877 4101:Franklin–Nashville 3771:Frederick Douglass 3674:Cornerstone Speech 3591:Compromise of 1850 3539:American Civil War 3417:Battle of Columbus 3297:Battle of Marietta 3108:The New York Times 2560:Never Call Retreat 2372:networks.h-net.org 2103:The New York Times 2041:. New York: Knopf. 1493:Lyftogt, Kenneth. 1480:Glatthar, pp.78-80 1347:(2007 documentary) 1322:The March: A Novel 1285:Reconstruction era 1227:Carolinas campaign 1189: 1122:and his forces in 1120:Joseph E. Johnston 1112:Carolinas Campaign 1080: 943: 924:Charles C. Walcutt 901:Bear Creek Station 874: 866: 858: 810:William H. Jackson 782:Joseph E. Johnston 777:B. H. Liddell Hart 726:Jefferson C. Davis 662:Peter J. Osterhaus 596: 539:Sherman's neckties 519:Vicksburg campaign 475:American Civil War 459:Military situation 413:Carolinas campaign 356:conducted through 354:American Civil War 161:William T. Sherman 142:Confederate States 49:American Civil War 6809:Conflicts in 1864 6742: 6741: 6736: 6735: 6732: 6731: 6654: 6653: 6609: 6608: 6576:Kennesaw Mountain 6529:Camden Expedition 6498: 6497: 6398: 6397: 6263: 6262: 6171: 6170: 6139: 6138: 6135: 6134: 5969:Italian Americans 5954:African Americans 5911:John Brown's Body 5664: 5663: 5660: 5659: 5577: 5576: 5415:Robert E. Lee Day 5159:Freedmen's Bureau 5122:Brooks–Baxter War 5053: 5052: 5049: 5048: 5045: 5044: 4837: 4836: 4617: 4616: 4613: 4612: 4609: 4608: 4026:Northern Virginia 3972:Trans-Mississippi 3945: 3944: 3840: 3839: 3836: 3835: 3732:Uncle Tom's Cabin 3669:African Americans 3492: 3491: 3322:Battle of Atlanta 3118:Project Gutenberg 2902:978-1-7345042-9-3 2833:978-1-5040-3441-8 2793:Library resources 2713:978-0-06-059867-9 2683:978-0-8262-1739-4 2546:978-0-8078-5659-8 2507:978-1-4696-1112-9 2476:978-0-19-932917-5 2421:978-1-4008-8937-2 2396:978-0-8078-3277-6 2353:978-0-8078-7679-4 2293:978-0-8014-6126-2 2265:978-1-107-14889-5 2237:978-0-8071-5997-2 2053:Civil War History 1783:, pp. 27–28. 1522:, p. 80, 86. 897:Lovejoy's Station 840:John Brown's Body 802:Gustavus W. Smith 798:Lovejoy's Station 794:William J. Hardee 769:Judson Kilpatrick 730:William P. Carlin 523:Meridian campaign 350:military campaign 342:Savannah campaign 332: 331: 282:Savannah Campaign 242: 241: 105: 104: 18:Savannah Campaign 16:(Redirected from 6826: 6771: 6770: 6769: 6759: 6758: 6757: 6750: 6712: 6672: 6671: 6663: 6662: 6620: 6619: 6509: 6508: 6490:Missionary Ridge 6485:Lookout Mountain 6409: 6408: 6370:Siege of Corinth 6274: 6273: 6230:Arkansas 1861–65 6218: 6217: 6198: 6191: 6184: 6175: 6174: 6161: 6151: 6150: 5974:Native Americans 5959:German Americans 5752:Partisan rangers 5747:Official Records 5687: 5686: 5670: 5669: 5562:memorials to Lee 5509: 5508: 5070: 5069: 5059: 5058: 4846: 4845: 4643: 4642: 4636: 4635: 4623: 4622: 4596:Washington, D.C. 4390:Indian Territory 4350:Dakota Territory 4308: 4307: 4225:Chancellorsville 4016:Jackson's Valley 4006:Blockade runners 3882: 3881: 3875: 3874: 3846: 3845: 3806:Thaddeus Stevens 3796:Lysander Spooner 3756:Susan B. Anthony 3558: 3557: 3547: 3546: 3532: 3525: 3518: 3509: 3508: 3496: 3495: 3480: 3479: 3470: 3469: 3287:Battle of Dallas 3267:Battle of Resaca 3257:Atlanta campaign 3163: 3156: 3149: 3140: 3139: 3130: 3053: 2970: 2894:March to the Sea 2889: 2837:Davis, Stephen, 2779:Official Records 2770:Official Records 2760:Official Records 2574:Eicher, David J. 2533: 2527: 2519: 2481: 2480: 2450: 2444: 2443: 2432: 2426: 2425: 2407: 2401: 2400: 2382: 2376: 2375: 2364: 2358: 2357: 2339: 2333: 2332: 2304: 2298: 2297: 2279: 2270: 2269: 2251: 2242: 2241: 2223: 2214: 2213: 2206: 2200: 2199: 2192: 2186: 2185: 2157: 2144: 2143: 2131: 2122: 2121: 2114: 2108: 2107: 2093: 2087: 2086: 2066: 2060: 2048: 2042: 2035: 2029: 2017: 2011: 1999: 1993: 1992: 1972: 1966: 1960: 1954: 1951: 1945: 1944: 1910: 1904: 1901: 1895: 1892: 1886: 1885:Kennett, p. 309. 1883: 1877: 1876:Campbell, p. 33. 1874: 1868: 1867: 1865: 1863: 1843: 1837: 1834: 1828: 1825: 1819: 1818: 1790: 1784: 1778: 1772: 1766: 1760: 1738: 1732: 1731:Trudeau, p. 521. 1729: 1723: 1722:Trudeau, p. 508. 1720: 1714: 1707: 1701: 1698: 1692: 1689: 1683: 1680: 1674: 1671: 1665: 1662:Official Records 1654: 1648: 1647: 1645: 1643: 1636:WalterCoffey.com 1630:Coffey, Walter. 1627: 1621: 1618: 1612: 1609: 1603: 1600: 1594: 1591: 1585: 1579: 1570: 1567: 1561: 1558: 1552: 1549: 1543: 1529: 1523: 1517: 1511: 1510: 1508: 1506: 1490: 1481: 1478: 1472: 1471: 1469: 1467: 1450: 1444: 1441: 1430: 1427:Official Records 1417: 1411: 1408:Official Records 1398: 1392: 1389:Official Records 1379: 1308:guerilla warfare 1276:Consequentialism 1160: 1156: 1142: 1139:Henry W. Halleck 1052: 1035:John A. Dahlgren 976:5th Ohio Cavalry 848: 697:and Brig. Gens. 691:Frank Blair, Jr. 673:William B. Hazen 669:Charles R. Woods 652:Oliver O. Howard 632:Atlanta Campaign 621:George H. Thomas 615:was threatening 575: 488:Ulysses S. Grant 481:Atlanta Campaign 465:Atlanta Campaign 284: 283: 278: 268: 261: 254: 245: 244: 182: 181: 180: 171: 170: 169: 159: 158: 157: 140: 138: 137: 122: 120: 119: 73: 72: 59: 39: 38: 21: 6834: 6833: 6829: 6828: 6827: 6825: 6824: 6823: 6779: 6778: 6777: 6767: 6765: 6755: 6753: 6745: 6743: 6738: 6737: 6728: 6703: 6666: 6650: 6634: 6605: 6564: 6494: 6453: 6394: 6385:Chickasaw Bayou 6333: 6259: 6240: 6207: 6202: 6172: 6167: 6131: 6115: 6000: 5964:Irish Americans 5942: 5887: 5796: 5787:U.S. Home Guard 5727:Field artillery 5681: 5680: 5656: 5598: 5573: 5535: 5504: 5498: 5390:Civil War Trust 5357: 5351: 5239:Ethnic violence 5224:Kirk–Holden war 5103: 5064: 5041: 4975: 4833: 4777: 4630: 4605: 4559: 4312: 4299: 4130: 4111:Sherman's March 4091:Bermuda Hundred 3986: 3941: 3913: 3869: 3868: 3832: 3791:J. Sella Martin 3761:James G. Birney 3737: 3655: 3581:Bleeding Kansas 3569: 3552: 3541: 3536: 3501: 3493: 3488: 3458: 3442: 3421: 3395: 3240: 3209: 3188: 3172: 3167: 3128: 3060: 3042: 2959: 2878: 2824:Sherman's March 2818: 2817: 2816: 2801: 2800: 2796: 2787:Further reading 2723:Primary sources 2521: 2520: 2508: 2485: 2484: 2477: 2451: 2447: 2434: 2433: 2429: 2422: 2408: 2404: 2397: 2383: 2379: 2366: 2365: 2361: 2354: 2340: 2336: 2305: 2301: 2294: 2280: 2273: 2266: 2252: 2245: 2238: 2224: 2217: 2208: 2207: 2203: 2194: 2193: 2189: 2158: 2147: 2132: 2125: 2116: 2115: 2111: 2094: 2090: 2083: 2067: 2063: 2049: 2045: 2036: 2032: 2018: 2014: 2000: 1996: 1989: 1973: 1969: 1961: 1957: 1953:Eicher, p. 763. 1952: 1948: 1911: 1907: 1903:Eicher, p. 768. 1902: 1898: 1893: 1889: 1884: 1880: 1875: 1871: 1861: 1859: 1844: 1840: 1835: 1831: 1826: 1822: 1807: 1791: 1787: 1779: 1775: 1767: 1763: 1758:Wayback Machine 1739: 1735: 1730: 1726: 1721: 1717: 1708: 1704: 1700:Melton, p. 288. 1699: 1695: 1690: 1686: 1682:Trudeau, p. 45. 1681: 1677: 1672: 1668: 1655: 1651: 1641: 1639: 1628: 1624: 1619: 1615: 1610: 1606: 1601: 1597: 1592: 1588: 1580: 1573: 1569:Trudeau, p. 52. 1568: 1564: 1559: 1555: 1551:Eicher, p. 739. 1550: 1546: 1530: 1526: 1518: 1514: 1504: 1502: 1491: 1484: 1479: 1475: 1465: 1463: 1451: 1447: 1442: 1433: 1418: 1414: 1399: 1395: 1380: 1369: 1359: 1344:Sherman's March 1317: 1197:Henry Clay Work 1181: 1158: 1154: 1144: 1136: 1072: 1053: 1050: 849: 846: 826:Abraham Lincoln 822: 790: 760:William T. Ward 734:James D. Morgan 716:Henry W. Slocum 712:Army of Georgia 695:Joseph A. Mower 602: 587: 582: 580:Opposing forces 576: 573: 547: 477: 467: 461: 456: 429: 423:, was less so. 346:Sherman's March 335: 334: 333: 328: 324:Altamaha Bridge 319:Fort McAllister 299:Buck Head Creek 285: 281: 280: 276: 274: 272: 200:Army of Georgia 198: 178: 176: 175: 167: 165: 155: 153: 135: 133: 117: 115: 93: 80: 60: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 6832: 6822: 6821: 6816: 6811: 6806: 6801: 6796: 6791: 6776: 6775: 6763: 6740: 6739: 6734: 6733: 6730: 6729: 6727: 6726: 6721: 6715: 6713: 6705: 6704: 6702: 6701: 6696: 6691: 6686: 6681: 6675: 6673: 6660: 6656: 6655: 6652: 6651: 6649: 6648: 6642: 6640: 6636: 6635: 6633: 6632: 6626: 6624: 6617: 6611: 6610: 6607: 6606: 6604: 6603: 6598: 6593: 6588: 6583: 6578: 6572: 6570: 6566: 6565: 6563: 6562: 6556: 6551: 6546: 6541: 6536: 6531: 6526: 6521: 6515: 6513: 6506: 6500: 6499: 6496: 6495: 6493: 6492: 6487: 6482: 6477: 6472: 6467: 6461: 6459: 6455: 6454: 6452: 6451: 6446: 6441: 6436: 6431: 6426: 6421: 6415: 6413: 6406: 6400: 6399: 6396: 6395: 6393: 6392: 6387: 6382: 6377: 6372: 6367: 6362: 6357: 6352: 6347: 6341: 6339: 6335: 6334: 6332: 6331: 6326: 6321: 6316: 6311: 6306: 6301: 6296: 6291: 6286: 6280: 6278: 6271: 6265: 6264: 6261: 6260: 6258: 6257: 6255:Wilson's Creek 6251: 6249: 6242: 6241: 6239: 6238: 6232: 6226: 6224: 6215: 6209: 6208: 6201: 6200: 6193: 6186: 6178: 6169: 6168: 6166: 6165: 6155: 6144: 6141: 6140: 6137: 6136: 6133: 6132: 6130: 6129: 6123: 6121: 6117: 6116: 6114: 6113: 6111:Women soldiers 6108: 6103: 6098: 6093: 6088: 6083: 6078: 6073: 6068: 6066:Naming the war 6063: 6058: 6053: 6048: 6047: 6046: 6036: 6035: 6034: 6024: 6019: 6014: 6008: 6006: 6002: 6001: 5999: 5998: 5997: 5996: 5991: 5986: 5981: 5971: 5966: 5961: 5956: 5950: 5948: 5944: 5943: 5941: 5940: 5935: 5930: 5925: 5920: 5913: 5908: 5903: 5897: 5895: 5889: 5888: 5886: 5885: 5880: 5875: 5870: 5865: 5860: 5855: 5850: 5845: 5840: 5835: 5830: 5825: 5820: 5815: 5810: 5804: 5802: 5798: 5797: 5795: 5794: 5789: 5784: 5779: 5774: 5769: 5764: 5759: 5754: 5749: 5744: 5739: 5734: 5729: 5724: 5719: 5714: 5709: 5704: 5702:Campaign Medal 5699: 5693: 5691: 5683: 5682: 5679: 5678: 5677:Related topics 5674: 5666: 5665: 5662: 5661: 5658: 5657: 5655: 5654: 5649: 5644: 5639: 5634: 5629: 5622: 5617: 5612: 5606: 5604: 5600: 5599: 5597: 5596: 5591: 5585: 5583: 5579: 5578: 5575: 5574: 5572: 5571: 5566: 5565: 5564: 5559: 5554: 5543: 5541: 5537: 5536: 5534: 5533: 5532: 5531: 5526: 5515: 5513: 5506: 5500: 5499: 5497: 5496: 5491: 5486: 5481: 5476: 5471: 5466: 5461: 5456: 5451: 5446: 5441: 5440: 5439: 5434: 5424: 5419: 5418: 5417: 5412: 5407: 5405:Decoration Day 5402: 5397: 5392: 5387: 5382: 5377: 5372: 5361: 5359: 5358:Reconstruction 5353: 5352: 5350: 5349: 5344: 5339: 5338: 5337: 5327: 5322: 5317: 5316: 5315: 5305: 5300: 5295: 5294: 5293: 5288: 5283: 5278: 5268: 5267: 5266: 5261: 5256: 5251: 5246: 5236: 5231: 5226: 5221: 5220: 5219: 5214: 5212:second inquiry 5209: 5204: 5199: 5194: 5184: 5183: 5182: 5176: 5169:Homestead Acts 5166: 5161: 5156: 5151: 5150: 5149: 5139: 5134: 5129: 5124: 5119: 5117:Alabama Claims 5113: 5111: 5109:Reconstruction 5105: 5104: 5102: 5101: 5100: 5099: 5097:15th Amendment 5094: 5092:14th Amendment 5089: 5087:13th Amendment 5078: 5076: 5066: 5065: 5055: 5054: 5051: 5050: 5047: 5046: 5043: 5042: 5040: 5039: 5034: 5029: 5024: 5019: 5014: 5009: 5004: 4999: 4994: 4989: 4983: 4981: 4977: 4976: 4974: 4973: 4968: 4963: 4958: 4953: 4948: 4943: 4938: 4933: 4928: 4923: 4918: 4913: 4908: 4903: 4898: 4893: 4888: 4883: 4878: 4873: 4868: 4863: 4858: 4852: 4850: 4843: 4839: 4838: 4835: 4834: 4832: 4831: 4826: 4821: 4816: 4811: 4806: 4801: 4796: 4791: 4785: 4783: 4779: 4778: 4776: 4775: 4770: 4765: 4760: 4755: 4750: 4745: 4740: 4735: 4730: 4725: 4720: 4718:J. E. Johnston 4715: 4713:A. S. Johnston 4710: 4705: 4700: 4695: 4690: 4685: 4680: 4675: 4670: 4665: 4660: 4655: 4653:R. H. Anderson 4649: 4647: 4640: 4632: 4631: 4619: 4618: 4615: 4614: 4611: 4610: 4607: 4606: 4604: 4603: 4598: 4593: 4588: 4583: 4578: 4573: 4567: 4565: 4561: 4560: 4558: 4557: 4552: 4547: 4542: 4537: 4532: 4527: 4522: 4517: 4515:South Carolina 4512: 4507: 4502: 4497: 4492: 4490:North Carolina 4487: 4482: 4477: 4472: 4467: 4462: 4457: 4452: 4447: 4442: 4437: 4432: 4427: 4422: 4417: 4412: 4407: 4402: 4397: 4392: 4387: 4382: 4377: 4372: 4367: 4362: 4357: 4352: 4347: 4342: 4337: 4332: 4327: 4322: 4316: 4314: 4305: 4301: 4300: 4298: 4297: 4292: 4287: 4282: 4277: 4272: 4267: 4262: 4257: 4252: 4247: 4242: 4237: 4232: 4227: 4222: 4217: 4215:Fredericksburg 4212: 4207: 4202: 4197: 4192: 4187: 4182: 4177: 4172: 4167: 4162: 4157: 4155:Wilson's Creek 4152: 4147: 4141: 4139: 4132: 4131: 4129: 4128: 4123: 4118: 4113: 4108: 4103: 4098: 4093: 4088: 4083: 4078: 4073: 4068: 4063: 4058: 4053: 4048: 4043: 4038: 4033: 4028: 4023: 4018: 4013: 4008: 4003: 3997: 3995: 3988: 3987: 3985: 3984: 3979: 3974: 3969: 3967:Lower Seaboard 3964: 3959: 3953: 3951: 3947: 3946: 3943: 3942: 3940: 3939: 3934: 3929: 3923: 3921: 3915: 3914: 3912: 3911: 3906: 3901: 3896: 3890: 3888: 3879: 3871: 3870: 3867: 3866: 3863: 3860: 3857: 3854: 3850: 3842: 3841: 3838: 3837: 3834: 3833: 3831: 3830: 3825: 3823:Harriet Tubman 3820: 3819: 3818: 3811:Charles Sumner 3808: 3803: 3798: 3793: 3788: 3783: 3778: 3773: 3768: 3763: 3758: 3753: 3747: 3745: 3739: 3738: 3736: 3735: 3728: 3723: 3718: 3713: 3708: 3703: 3698: 3693: 3688: 3681: 3676: 3671: 3665: 3663: 3657: 3656: 3654: 3653: 3648: 3646:States' rights 3643: 3638: 3633: 3628: 3623: 3618: 3613: 3608: 3603: 3598: 3593: 3588: 3583: 3578: 3572: 3570: 3568: 3567: 3561: 3554: 3553: 3543: 3542: 3535: 3534: 3527: 3520: 3512: 3506: 3503: 3502: 3490: 3489: 3487: 3486: 3474: 3463: 3460: 3459: 3457: 3456: 3450: 3448: 3444: 3443: 3441: 3440: 3435: 3429: 3427: 3423: 3422: 3420: 3419: 3414: 3409: 3403: 3401: 3397: 3396: 3394: 3393: 3392: 3391: 3386: 3381: 3376: 3366: 3361: 3356: 3355: 3354: 3349: 3344: 3339: 3334: 3329: 3324: 3319: 3314: 3309: 3304: 3299: 3294: 3289: 3284: 3279: 3274: 3269: 3264: 3254: 3248: 3246: 3242: 3241: 3239: 3238: 3233: 3228: 3223: 3217: 3215: 3211: 3210: 3208: 3207: 3202: 3196: 3194: 3190: 3189: 3187: 3186: 3180: 3178: 3174: 3173: 3166: 3165: 3158: 3151: 3143: 3137: 3136: 3125: 3120: 3111: 3100: 3086: 3077: 3066: 3059: 3058:External links 3056: 3055: 3054: 3040: 3027: 3021: 3008:Smith, Derek. 3006: 2985: 2971: 2957: 2944: 2933: 2918: 2904: 2890: 2876: 2863: 2849: 2835: 2821:Davis, Burke, 2815: 2814: 2809: 2803: 2802: 2791: 2790: 2784: 2783: 2774: 2765: 2748: 2728: 2727: 2726: 2725: 2717: 2716: 2701: 2686: 2671: 2651: 2634: 2619: 2604: 2589: 2571: 2549: 2534: 2506: 2483: 2482: 2475: 2445: 2427: 2420: 2402: 2395: 2377: 2359: 2352: 2334: 2315:(3): 667–710. 2299: 2292: 2271: 2264: 2243: 2236: 2215: 2201: 2187: 2145: 2123: 2109: 2088: 2081: 2061: 2043: 2030: 2012: 1994: 1987: 1967: 1955: 1946: 1927:(4): 301–342. 1905: 1896: 1887: 1878: 1869: 1838: 1829: 1820: 1805: 1785: 1773: 1761: 1733: 1724: 1715: 1702: 1693: 1684: 1675: 1666: 1649: 1622: 1620:Glatthar, p.15 1613: 1604: 1595: 1586: 1571: 1562: 1553: 1544: 1524: 1512: 1482: 1473: 1445: 1431: 1412: 1393: 1366: 1365: 1358: 1355: 1354: 1353: 1348: 1340: 1335: 1330: 1327:E. L. Doctorow 1316: 1313: 1258:scorched earth 1205:Ebenezer Creek 1195:", written by 1180: 1177: 1128: 1124:North Carolina 1071: 1068: 1063:Savannah Mayor 1059:Savannah River 1048: 1020:Ogeechee River 987:John G. Foster 844: 821: 818: 806:Joseph Wheeler 789: 786: 773: 772: 765: 764: 763: 741: 708: 707: 706: 703:Giles A. Smith 684: 613:John Bell Hood 586: 583: 581: 578: 571: 546: 543: 521:and Sherman's 496:scorched earth 463:Main article: 460: 457: 455: 452: 428: 425: 421:North Carolina 417:South Carolina 402:modern warfare 386:scorched earth 330: 329: 327: 326: 321: 316: 311: 306: 301: 296: 290: 287: 286: 271: 270: 263: 256: 248: 240: 239: 236:Economic loss: 232: 231: 228: 224: 223: 219: 218: 215: 211: 210: 206: 205: 202: 192: 191: 190:Units involved 187: 186: 184:Joseph Wheeler 173:William Hardee 163: 150: 149: 145: 144: 131: 112: 111: 107: 106: 103: 102: 99: 95: 94: 89: 87: 83: 82: 77: 69: 68: 52: 51: 44: 43: 37: 36: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6831: 6820: 6817: 6815: 6812: 6810: 6807: 6805: 6802: 6800: 6797: 6795: 6792: 6790: 6787: 6786: 6784: 6774: 6764: 6762: 6752: 6751: 6748: 6725: 6722: 6720: 6717: 6716: 6714: 6711: 6706: 6700: 6697: 6695: 6692: 6690: 6687: 6685: 6682: 6680: 6677: 6676: 6674: 6670: 6664: 6661: 6657: 6647: 6644: 6643: 6641: 6639:Major battles 6637: 6631: 6628: 6627: 6625: 6621: 6618: 6616: 6612: 6602: 6599: 6597: 6594: 6592: 6589: 6587: 6584: 6582: 6579: 6577: 6574: 6573: 6571: 6569:Major battles 6567: 6560: 6557: 6555: 6552: 6550: 6547: 6545: 6542: 6540: 6537: 6535: 6532: 6530: 6527: 6525: 6522: 6520: 6517: 6516: 6514: 6510: 6507: 6505: 6501: 6491: 6488: 6486: 6483: 6481: 6478: 6476: 6473: 6471: 6468: 6466: 6465:Champion Hill 6463: 6462: 6460: 6458:Major battles 6456: 6450: 6447: 6445: 6442: 6440: 6437: 6435: 6434:Morgan's Raid 6432: 6430: 6427: 6425: 6422: 6420: 6417: 6416: 6414: 6410: 6407: 6405: 6401: 6391: 6388: 6386: 6383: 6381: 6380:Prairie Grove 6378: 6376: 6373: 6371: 6368: 6366: 6363: 6361: 6358: 6356: 6353: 6351: 6350:Island No. 10 6348: 6346: 6345:Fort Donelson 6343: 6342: 6340: 6338:Major battles 6336: 6330: 6327: 6325: 6322: 6320: 6319:Prairie Grove 6317: 6315: 6312: 6310: 6307: 6305: 6302: 6300: 6297: 6295: 6292: 6290: 6287: 6285: 6282: 6281: 6279: 6275: 6272: 6270: 6266: 6256: 6253: 6252: 6250: 6248: 6243: 6237: 6233: 6231: 6228: 6227: 6225: 6223: 6219: 6216: 6214: 6210: 6206: 6199: 6194: 6192: 6187: 6185: 6180: 6179: 6176: 6164: 6160: 6156: 6154: 6146: 6145: 6142: 6128: 6125: 6124: 6122: 6118: 6112: 6109: 6107: 6104: 6102: 6099: 6097: 6094: 6092: 6089: 6087: 6084: 6082: 6081:Photographers 6079: 6077: 6074: 6072: 6069: 6067: 6064: 6062: 6059: 6057: 6056:Gender issues 6054: 6052: 6049: 6045: 6042: 6041: 6040: 6037: 6033: 6030: 6029: 6028: 6025: 6023: 6020: 6018: 6015: 6013: 6010: 6009: 6007: 6003: 5995: 5992: 5990: 5987: 5985: 5982: 5980: 5977: 5976: 5975: 5972: 5970: 5967: 5965: 5962: 5960: 5957: 5955: 5952: 5951: 5949: 5945: 5939: 5936: 5934: 5931: 5929: 5926: 5924: 5921: 5919: 5918: 5914: 5912: 5909: 5907: 5904: 5902: 5899: 5898: 5896: 5894: 5890: 5884: 5883:War Democrats 5881: 5879: 5876: 5874: 5873:Union Leagues 5871: 5869: 5866: 5864: 5861: 5859: 5856: 5854: 5851: 5849: 5846: 5844: 5841: 5839: 5836: 5834: 5831: 5829: 5826: 5824: 5821: 5819: 5816: 5814: 5811: 5809: 5806: 5805: 5803: 5799: 5793: 5790: 5788: 5785: 5783: 5780: 5778: 5775: 5773: 5772:Turning point 5770: 5768: 5765: 5763: 5760: 5758: 5755: 5753: 5750: 5748: 5745: 5743: 5742:Naval battles 5740: 5738: 5735: 5733: 5730: 5728: 5725: 5723: 5720: 5718: 5715: 5713: 5710: 5708: 5705: 5703: 5700: 5698: 5695: 5694: 5692: 5688: 5684: 5676: 5675: 5671: 5667: 5653: 5650: 5648: 5645: 5643: 5640: 5638: 5635: 5633: 5630: 5628: 5627: 5623: 5621: 5618: 5616: 5613: 5611: 5608: 5607: 5605: 5601: 5595: 5592: 5590: 5587: 5586: 5584: 5580: 5570: 5567: 5563: 5560: 5558: 5555: 5553: 5550: 5549: 5548: 5545: 5544: 5542: 5538: 5530: 5527: 5525: 5522: 5521: 5520: 5517: 5516: 5514: 5510: 5507: 5505:and memorials 5501: 5495: 5492: 5490: 5487: 5485: 5482: 5480: 5477: 5475: 5472: 5470: 5467: 5465: 5462: 5460: 5457: 5455: 5452: 5450: 5447: 5445: 5442: 5438: 5435: 5433: 5430: 5429: 5428: 5425: 5423: 5420: 5416: 5413: 5411: 5408: 5406: 5403: 5401: 5398: 5396: 5393: 5391: 5388: 5386: 5383: 5381: 5378: 5376: 5373: 5371: 5368: 5367: 5366: 5365:Commemoration 5363: 5362: 5360: 5354: 5348: 5345: 5343: 5340: 5336: 5333: 5332: 5331: 5328: 5326: 5323: 5321: 5318: 5314: 5311: 5310: 5309: 5306: 5304: 5301: 5299: 5296: 5292: 5289: 5287: 5284: 5282: 5279: 5277: 5274: 5273: 5272: 5269: 5265: 5262: 5260: 5257: 5255: 5252: 5250: 5247: 5245: 5242: 5241: 5240: 5237: 5235: 5232: 5230: 5227: 5225: 5222: 5218: 5215: 5213: 5210: 5208: 5207:first inquiry 5205: 5203: 5200: 5198: 5195: 5193: 5190: 5189: 5188: 5185: 5180: 5177: 5175: 5172: 5171: 5170: 5167: 5165: 5162: 5160: 5157: 5155: 5152: 5148: 5145: 5144: 5143: 5140: 5138: 5135: 5133: 5130: 5128: 5127:Carpetbaggers 5125: 5123: 5120: 5118: 5115: 5114: 5112: 5110: 5106: 5098: 5095: 5093: 5090: 5088: 5085: 5084: 5083: 5080: 5079: 5077: 5075: 5071: 5067: 5060: 5056: 5038: 5035: 5033: 5030: 5028: 5025: 5023: 5020: 5018: 5015: 5013: 5010: 5008: 5005: 5003: 5000: 4998: 4995: 4993: 4990: 4988: 4985: 4984: 4982: 4978: 4972: 4969: 4967: 4964: 4962: 4959: 4957: 4954: 4952: 4949: 4947: 4944: 4942: 4939: 4937: 4934: 4932: 4929: 4927: 4924: 4922: 4919: 4917: 4914: 4912: 4909: 4907: 4904: 4902: 4899: 4897: 4894: 4892: 4889: 4887: 4884: 4882: 4879: 4877: 4874: 4872: 4869: 4867: 4864: 4862: 4859: 4857: 4854: 4853: 4851: 4847: 4844: 4840: 4830: 4827: 4825: 4822: 4820: 4817: 4815: 4812: 4810: 4807: 4805: 4802: 4800: 4797: 4795: 4792: 4790: 4787: 4786: 4784: 4780: 4774: 4771: 4769: 4766: 4764: 4761: 4759: 4756: 4754: 4751: 4749: 4746: 4744: 4741: 4739: 4736: 4734: 4731: 4729: 4726: 4724: 4721: 4719: 4716: 4714: 4711: 4709: 4706: 4704: 4701: 4699: 4696: 4694: 4691: 4689: 4686: 4684: 4681: 4679: 4676: 4674: 4671: 4669: 4666: 4664: 4661: 4659: 4656: 4654: 4651: 4650: 4648: 4644: 4641: 4637: 4633: 4629: 4624: 4620: 4602: 4599: 4597: 4594: 4592: 4589: 4587: 4584: 4582: 4579: 4577: 4574: 4572: 4569: 4568: 4566: 4562: 4556: 4553: 4551: 4550:West Virginia 4548: 4546: 4543: 4541: 4538: 4536: 4533: 4531: 4528: 4526: 4523: 4521: 4518: 4516: 4513: 4511: 4508: 4506: 4503: 4501: 4498: 4496: 4493: 4491: 4488: 4486: 4483: 4481: 4478: 4476: 4473: 4471: 4470:New Hampshire 4468: 4466: 4463: 4461: 4458: 4456: 4453: 4451: 4448: 4446: 4443: 4441: 4438: 4436: 4433: 4431: 4430:Massachusetts 4428: 4426: 4423: 4421: 4418: 4416: 4413: 4411: 4408: 4406: 4403: 4401: 4398: 4396: 4393: 4391: 4388: 4386: 4383: 4381: 4378: 4376: 4373: 4371: 4368: 4366: 4363: 4361: 4358: 4356: 4353: 4351: 4348: 4346: 4343: 4341: 4338: 4336: 4333: 4331: 4328: 4326: 4323: 4321: 4318: 4317: 4315: 4309: 4306: 4302: 4296: 4293: 4291: 4288: 4286: 4283: 4281: 4278: 4276: 4273: 4271: 4268: 4266: 4263: 4261: 4258: 4256: 4253: 4251: 4248: 4246: 4243: 4241: 4238: 4236: 4233: 4231: 4228: 4226: 4223: 4221: 4218: 4216: 4213: 4211: 4208: 4206: 4203: 4201: 4198: 4196: 4193: 4191: 4188: 4186: 4183: 4181: 4178: 4176: 4173: 4171: 4170:Hampton Roads 4168: 4166: 4163: 4161: 4160:Fort Donelson 4158: 4156: 4153: 4151: 4148: 4146: 4143: 4142: 4140: 4138: 4133: 4127: 4124: 4122: 4119: 4117: 4114: 4112: 4109: 4107: 4104: 4102: 4099: 4097: 4094: 4092: 4089: 4087: 4084: 4082: 4079: 4077: 4074: 4072: 4069: 4067: 4064: 4062: 4059: 4057: 4056:Morgan's Raid 4054: 4052: 4049: 4047: 4044: 4042: 4039: 4037: 4034: 4032: 4029: 4027: 4024: 4022: 4019: 4017: 4014: 4012: 4009: 4007: 4004: 4002: 4001:Anaconda Plan 3999: 3998: 3996: 3994: 3989: 3983: 3980: 3978: 3977:Pacific Coast 3975: 3973: 3970: 3968: 3965: 3963: 3960: 3958: 3955: 3954: 3952: 3948: 3938: 3935: 3933: 3930: 3928: 3925: 3924: 3922: 3920: 3916: 3910: 3907: 3905: 3902: 3900: 3897: 3895: 3892: 3891: 3889: 3887: 3883: 3880: 3876: 3872: 3864: 3861: 3858: 3855: 3852: 3851: 3847: 3843: 3829: 3826: 3824: 3821: 3817: 3814: 3813: 3812: 3809: 3807: 3804: 3802: 3799: 3797: 3794: 3792: 3789: 3787: 3784: 3782: 3779: 3777: 3774: 3772: 3769: 3767: 3764: 3762: 3759: 3757: 3754: 3752: 3749: 3748: 3746: 3744: 3740: 3734: 3733: 3729: 3727: 3724: 3722: 3719: 3717: 3714: 3712: 3711:Positive good 3709: 3707: 3704: 3702: 3699: 3697: 3694: 3692: 3689: 3687: 3686: 3682: 3680: 3677: 3675: 3672: 3670: 3667: 3666: 3664: 3662: 3658: 3652: 3649: 3647: 3644: 3642: 3639: 3637: 3634: 3632: 3629: 3627: 3626:Panic of 1857 3624: 3622: 3619: 3617: 3614: 3612: 3609: 3607: 3604: 3602: 3599: 3597: 3594: 3592: 3589: 3587: 3586:Border states 3584: 3582: 3579: 3577: 3574: 3573: 3571: 3566: 3563: 3562: 3559: 3555: 3548: 3544: 3540: 3533: 3528: 3526: 3521: 3519: 3514: 3513: 3510: 3504: 3497: 3485: 3484: 3475: 3473: 3465: 3464: 3461: 3455: 3452: 3451: 3449: 3445: 3439: 3436: 3434: 3431: 3430: 3428: 3424: 3418: 3415: 3413: 3410: 3408: 3405: 3404: 3402: 3398: 3390: 3387: 3385: 3382: 3380: 3377: 3375: 3372: 3371: 3370: 3367: 3365: 3362: 3360: 3357: 3353: 3350: 3348: 3345: 3343: 3340: 3338: 3335: 3333: 3330: 3328: 3325: 3323: 3320: 3318: 3315: 3313: 3310: 3308: 3305: 3303: 3300: 3298: 3295: 3293: 3290: 3288: 3285: 3283: 3280: 3278: 3275: 3273: 3270: 3268: 3265: 3263: 3260: 3259: 3258: 3255: 3253: 3250: 3249: 3247: 3243: 3237: 3234: 3232: 3229: 3227: 3224: 3222: 3219: 3218: 3216: 3212: 3206: 3203: 3201: 3198: 3197: 3195: 3191: 3185: 3182: 3181: 3179: 3175: 3171: 3164: 3159: 3157: 3152: 3150: 3145: 3144: 3141: 3135: 3131: 3126: 3124: 3121: 3119: 3115: 3112: 3110: 3109: 3104: 3101: 3098: 3094: 3090: 3087: 3085: 3081: 3078: 3076: 3075: 3070: 3067: 3065: 3062: 3061: 3051: 3047: 3043: 3041:9781137405173 3037: 3033: 3028: 3026: 3022: 3019: 3018:0-913720-93-3 3015: 3011: 3007: 3005: 3001: 2998: 2997:9781846030352 2994: 2990: 2986: 2984: 2983:9780865547452 2980: 2976: 2972: 2968: 2964: 2960: 2958:9781469617770 2954: 2950: 2945: 2942: 2938: 2934: 2931: 2930:1-58182-261-8 2927: 2923: 2919: 2917: 2913: 2909: 2905: 2903: 2899: 2895: 2891: 2887: 2883: 2879: 2877:9780807159965 2873: 2869: 2864: 2862: 2861:9780881462401 2858: 2854: 2850: 2848: 2844: 2840: 2836: 2834: 2830: 2826: 2825: 2820: 2819: 2813: 2810: 2808: 2805: 2804: 2799: 2794: 2789: 2788: 2782: 2780: 2775: 2773: 2771: 2766: 2763: 2761: 2755: 2754: 2749: 2746: 2745:0-940450-65-8 2742: 2738: 2737: 2733: 2730: 2729: 2724: 2721: 2720: 2719: 2718: 2714: 2710: 2706: 2702: 2699: 2698:0-8094-4812-2 2695: 2691: 2687: 2684: 2680: 2676: 2672: 2669: 2668:0-19-503863-0 2665: 2661: 2660: 2655: 2652: 2650: 2649:0-306-80507-3 2646: 2642: 2638: 2635: 2632: 2631:0-06-092745-3 2628: 2624: 2620: 2617: 2616:0-252-00918-5 2613: 2609: 2605: 2602: 2601:0-8071-2028-6 2598: 2594: 2590: 2587: 2586:0-684-84944-5 2583: 2579: 2575: 2572: 2569: 2568:0-671-46990-8 2565: 2561: 2557: 2553: 2552:Catton, Bruce 2550: 2547: 2543: 2539: 2535: 2531: 2525: 2517: 2513: 2509: 2503: 2499: 2498: 2492: 2491: 2490: 2489: 2488:Bibliography 2478: 2472: 2468: 2464: 2460: 2456: 2449: 2441: 2437: 2431: 2423: 2417: 2413: 2406: 2398: 2392: 2388: 2381: 2373: 2369: 2363: 2355: 2349: 2345: 2338: 2330: 2326: 2322: 2318: 2314: 2310: 2303: 2295: 2289: 2285: 2278: 2276: 2267: 2261: 2257: 2250: 2248: 2239: 2233: 2230:. LSU Press. 2229: 2222: 2220: 2211: 2205: 2197: 2191: 2183: 2179: 2175: 2171: 2168:(1): 97–103. 2167: 2163: 2156: 2154: 2152: 2150: 2141: 2137: 2130: 2128: 2119: 2113: 2105: 2104: 2099: 2092: 2084: 2082:9780521462570 2078: 2074: 2073: 2065: 2058: 2055: 2054: 2047: 2040: 2034: 2027: 2024: 2023: 2016: 2009: 2006: 2005: 1998: 1990: 1988:9781442201279 1984: 1980: 1979: 1971: 1964: 1959: 1950: 1942: 1938: 1934: 1930: 1926: 1922: 1921: 1916: 1909: 1900: 1891: 1882: 1873: 1857: 1853: 1849: 1842: 1833: 1824: 1816: 1812: 1808: 1806:0-89096-018-6 1802: 1798: 1797: 1789: 1782: 1777: 1771:, p. 27. 1770: 1765: 1759: 1755: 1752: 1751: 1746: 1742: 1737: 1728: 1719: 1712: 1706: 1697: 1691:Nevin, p. 48. 1688: 1679: 1670: 1663: 1659: 1653: 1637: 1633: 1626: 1617: 1608: 1599: 1590: 1584:, p. 25. 1583: 1578: 1576: 1566: 1557: 1548: 1541: 1537: 1533: 1528: 1521: 1516: 1500: 1496: 1489: 1487: 1477: 1462: 1461: 1456: 1449: 1440: 1438: 1436: 1428: 1424: 1421: 1416: 1409: 1405: 1402: 1397: 1390: 1386: 1383: 1378: 1376: 1374: 1372: 1367: 1364: 1363: 1352: 1349: 1346: 1345: 1341: 1339: 1336: 1334: 1331: 1328: 1324: 1323: 1319: 1318: 1312: 1309: 1303: 1299: 1295: 1293: 1290: 1286: 1282: 1277: 1273: 1270: 1265: 1263: 1259: 1254: 1249: 1245: 1243: 1239: 1235: 1230: 1228: 1223: 1221: 1217: 1212: 1210: 1206: 1201: 1198: 1194: 1185: 1176: 1173: 1168: 1165: 1151: 1149: 1143: 1140: 1133: 1127: 1125: 1121: 1117: 1113: 1108: 1104: 1102: 1098: 1092: 1087: 1085: 1076: 1067: 1064: 1060: 1047: 1042: 1040: 1036: 1031: 1029: 1025: 1021: 1017: 1012: 1007: 1004: 1000: 996: 992: 991:John P. Hatch 988: 983: 981: 977: 973: 969: 965: 961: 957: 953: 949: 939: 935: 933: 928: 925: 921: 916: 914: 910: 909:Milledgeville 906: 902: 898: 894: 890: 885: 883: 879: 870: 862: 854: 843: 841: 836: 830: 827: 817: 815: 811: 807: 803: 799: 795: 785: 783: 778: 770: 766: 761: 757: 756:John W. Geary 753: 749: 745: 742: 739: 738:Absalom Baird 735: 731: 727: 723: 720: 719: 717: 713: 709: 704: 700: 696: 692: 688: 685: 682: 681:John M. Corse 678: 677:John E. Smith 674: 670: 667: 663: 659: 656: 655: 653: 649: 645: 644: 643: 639: 635: 633: 628: 626: 622: 618: 614: 611: 607: 601: 591: 570: 566: 562: 558: 554: 552: 542: 540: 536: 532: 528: 524: 520: 515: 513: 509: 505: 504:Robert E. Lee 500: 497: 493: 489: 486: 482: 476: 472: 466: 451: 449: 444: 442: 438: 434: 424: 422: 418: 414: 409: 407: 403: 399: 395: 391: 387: 383: 379: 375: 371: 367: 366:major general 363: 359: 355: 351: 347: 343: 339: 325: 322: 320: 317: 315: 312: 310: 307: 305: 302: 300: 297: 295: 294:Griswoldville 292: 291: 288: 279: 269: 264: 262: 257: 255: 250: 249: 246: 238:$ 100 million 237: 233: 229: 226: 225: 220: 216: 213: 212: 207: 203: 201: 197: 194: 193: 188: 185: 174: 164: 162: 152: 151: 146: 143: 132: 129: 125: 124:United States 114: 113: 108: 101:Union victory 100: 97: 96: 92: 88: 85: 84: 78: 75: 74: 70: 67: 63: 58: 53: 50: 45: 40: 33: 19: 6558: 6554:Price's Raid 6390:Stones River 6324:Stones River 6309:Iuka-Corinth 6022:Bibliography 6005:Other topics 5947:By ethnicity 5915: 5868:Trent Affair 5767:Signal Corps 5624: 5347:White League 5234:Ku Klux Klan 5147:Confederados 5074:Constitution 4946:D. D. Porter 4799:Breckinridge 4510:Rhode Island 4505:Pennsylvania 4260:Spotsylvania 4220:Stones River 4200:2nd Bull Run 4150:1st Bull Run 4110: 4036:Stones River 3937:Marine Corps 3904:Marine Corps 3743:Abolitionism 3730: 3683: 3482: 3368: 3106: 3072: 3031: 3009: 2988: 2974: 2948: 2936: 2921: 2920:Miles, Jim. 2907: 2893: 2867: 2852: 2838: 2823: 2797: 2786: 2785: 2778: 2769: 2757: 2752: 2735: 2722: 2704: 2689: 2674: 2657: 2640: 2622: 2607: 2592: 2577: 2559: 2555: 2537: 2496: 2487: 2486: 2458: 2448: 2439: 2430: 2411: 2405: 2386: 2380: 2371: 2362: 2343: 2337: 2312: 2308: 2302: 2283: 2255: 2227: 2204: 2190: 2165: 2161: 2139: 2112: 2101: 2091: 2071: 2064: 2056: 2051: 2046: 2038: 2033: 2025: 2020: 2015: 2007: 2002: 1997: 1977: 1970: 1958: 1949: 1924: 1918: 1908: 1899: 1890: 1881: 1872: 1860:. Retrieved 1855: 1851: 1841: 1832: 1823: 1795: 1788: 1781:Barrett 1956 1776: 1769:Barrett 1956 1764: 1748: 1736: 1727: 1718: 1710: 1705: 1696: 1687: 1678: 1669: 1661: 1652: 1640:. Retrieved 1635: 1625: 1616: 1607: 1598: 1589: 1582:Barrett 1956 1565: 1556: 1547: 1539: 1527: 1515: 1505:February 21, 1503:. Retrieved 1498: 1476: 1464:. Retrieved 1458: 1448: 1426: 1419: 1415: 1407: 1400: 1396: 1388: 1381: 1361: 1360: 1342: 1320: 1304: 1300: 1296: 1288: 1280: 1274: 1268: 1266: 1250: 1246: 1231: 1224: 1220:World War II 1213: 1202: 1190: 1171: 1169: 1152: 1145: 1135: 1130: 1109: 1105: 1094: 1089: 1081: 1055: 1044: 1032: 1008: 984: 956:Sandersville 948:Oconee River 944: 929: 917: 913:Oconee River 886: 875: 832: 823: 791: 774: 640: 636: 629: 603: 567: 563: 559: 556: 548: 516: 501: 478: 445: 437:Camp Sorghum 430: 410: 398:supply lines 345: 341: 337: 336: 275: 235: 110:Belligerents 61: 47:Part of the 6719:Mississippi 6689:Mississippi 6646:Bentonville 6480:Chickamauga 6449:Chattanooga 6439:Chickamauga 6429:Little Rock 6365:New Orleans 5828:Copperheads 5540:Confederate 5432:Black Codes 4758:E. K. Smith 4639:Confederate 4586:New Orleans 4581:Chattanooga 4445:Mississippi 4345:Connecticut 4313:territories 4304:Involvement 4265:Cold Harbor 4255:Fort Pillow 4245:Chattanooga 4240:Chickamauga 4190:Seven Pines 4180:New Orleans 4145:Fort Sumter 4086:Valley 1864 3919:Confederacy 3716:Slave Power 3696:Fire-Eaters 3433:Confederate 3114:Sheet music 3097:layered PDF 2941:online free 2140:Opinionator 2028:(4): 447–80 2010:(3): 367–81 1862:20 February 1858:(2): 115–46 1638:. Wordpress 1242:Lieber Code 1164:cotton gins 1148:Southerners 1103:" promise. 995:Hilton Head 788:Confederate 666:Brig. Gens. 617:Chattanooga 531:1860 census 492:Confederacy 376:, recently 6783:Categories 6679:Cumberland 6586:Mobile Bay 6375:Perryville 6284:New Mexico 6234:Missouri: 6061:Juneteenth 5582:Cemeteries 5459:Red Shirts 5370:Centennial 5320:Red Shirts 4728:Longstreet 4658:Beauregard 4601:Winchester 4576:Charleston 4545:Washington 4480:New Mexico 4475:New Jersey 4335:California 4311:States and 4295:Five Forks 4280:Mobile Bay 4250:Wilderness 4230:Gettysburg 4210:Perryville 4195:Seven Days 4126:Appomattox 4051:Gettysburg 4011:New Mexico 3878:Combatants 3853:Combatants 3766:John Brown 2847:0881463981 2558:. 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Sherman's March to the Sea

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