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Walker, just four days after giving up the city, marched his men back into Rivas to try to take it back. His small force was able to score a number of victories through street to street fighting and were able to create a stalemate at a key building in town, El MesĂłn de Guerra, the Guerra family home,
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Mora led three thousand of his men to attack. Walker's men were under the command of
Colonel Louis Schlessinger, an inexperienced officer. On the 20 March with no sentries posted, Mora's Costa Ricans surprised and attacked the small group; Schlessinger himself ran away, leaving his troops vulnerable,
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during the night. Several factions inside the Costa Rican Army sought to pursue and kill Walker, thus ending the war. President Mora cancelled the plan, seeing his troops were already battle-worn. Mora wanted to use his resources to bury the dead and take care of the wounded and sick. Although Costa
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The war against Walker would continue, joined now by the armies of other
Central American countries under the overall command of General Mora, focused on cutting the men and weapons flow to the filibusters cutting the transit route. After the war, Mora was removed from power in 1859 and executed in
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Costa Rican
President Juan Rafael Mora watched with concern as Walker consolidated his forces and power in Nicaragua. Fearing that Walker would become unbeatable and at the urging and backing of Vanderbilt's business empire Mora declared war, not on Nicaragua, but on Walker and his filibusters, on
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Enraged Walker ordered the invasion of Costa Rica and a filibuster force crossed the border into
Guanacaste, while the Costa Rican army moved down from the Central Valley in the same direction. With the army traveled the President but command was in the hands of his brother, Jose Joaquin Mora, and
557:
According to the traditional account, on April 11, Salvadoran
General JosĂ© MarĂa Cañas suggested that one of the soldiers advance towards the hostel with a torch and set it on fire. Some soldiers tried and failed, but SantamarĂa finally volunteered on the condition that in the event of his death,
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of
Nicaragua, after conducting a farcical election. As ruler of Nicaragua, Walker then revoked the Transit Company's charter, claiming that it had violated the agreement, and granted use of the route back to Garrison and Morgan. Outraged, Vanderbilt successfully pressured the U.S. government to
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Thinking the cholera was brought by the hot weather of the
Nicaraguan lowlands, the troops wanted to go back home. The Costa Rican troops brought the disease home to Costa Rica with them where it ravaged the entire country, killing one tenth of the population. Mora was blamed for the cholera
452:'s Accessory Transit Company. Garrison and Morgan had wrested control of the company from Vanderbilt and then supported Walker's expedition. Vanderbilt spread rumors that the company was issuing stock illegally in order to depress its value, allowing him to regain controlling interest.
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the 1 March 1856. Having been talking about the filibusters for a while, Mora made this declaration in a famous speech that begins with the words, "Countrymen, take your weapons, the time that I've been warning you has arrived" (a paraphrase of the opening words of the
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Walker alarmed by the defeat heard unfounded rumors that Mora's army was going to attack from the North. So he foolishly decided to abandon the key city of the
Nicaragua at that time and meet the army from the north. Mora quickly slipped into Rivas with 3,000 men.
558:
someone would look after his mother. He then advanced and was mortally wounded by enemy fire. Before expiring he succeeded, however, in setting fire to the hostel, thus contributing decisively to the Costa Rican victory at Rivas, as the enemy then retreated.
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withdraw its recognition of Walker's regime. Walker had also scared his neighbors and
American and European investors with talk of further military conquests in Central America. Vanderbilt financed and trained a military coalition of these states, led by
475:, which many American Southern businessmen saw as the basis of their agrarian economy. With this in mind, Walker revoked Nicaragua's emancipation edict of 1824. This move did increase Walker's popularity in the South and attracted the attention of
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Carrasco who was serving the militia as a cook and impromptu medic, filled her apron pockets with bullets, grabbed a discarded rifle and shamed some of the retreating Costa Ricans forestalling what might have become a rout.
98:
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outbreak, the severe losses inflicted to the army and for the economic damage to the country because of the war debts. A coup was planned for his return to the capital but this was aborted.
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Rica was victorious in the Battle of Rivas, the country could not enjoy the victory. Bodies from the fighting were dumped in the wells of the city causing a huge outbreak of cholera.
269:
322:
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Juan Alfaro Ruiz was responsible for clearing the filibusters from the church. He died of cholera after the battle. One of
Alajuela's cantons was named after him.
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which was located in the corner of the park, covered the approach to Rivas church; from the towers of the church Walker's snipers enjoyed a wide firing range.
464:, and worked to prevent men and supplies from reaching Walker. He also provided defectors from Walker's army with payments and free passage back to the U.S.
262:
255:
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Fernández Guardia, Ricardo. "JUAN SANTAMARÍA Y EL INCENDIO DEL MESÓN DE GUERRA" (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 10 June 2007
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The battle roll: an encyclopedia containing descriptions of the most famous and memorable land battles and sieges in all ages
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took place on the 29 June 1855 between Walker's forces and the forces of the Chamorro government of Nicaragua.
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his brother-in-law, General Cañas. Upon hearing that a small contingent of men were encamped near the city of
444:. The commercial exploitation of this route had been attained from a previous Nicaraguan administration to
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politician, who campaigned to raise support for Walker's war. Nevertheless, Walker's army, thinned by an
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198:
871:
866:
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414:
375:
317:
735:
Historical Dictionary of Feminism (Historical Dictionaries of Religions, Philosophies and Movements)
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and massive defections, was no match for the Central American Coalition and Vanderbilt's agents.
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in the U.S. by recasting his campaign as a fight to spread the institution of black
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With Walker in Nicaragua: Or, Reminiscences of an Officer of the American Phalanx
668:"Costa Rica in 1856: Defeating William Walker While Creating a National Identity"
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Realising that his position was becoming precarious, he sought support from the
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690:"California Filibusters: A History of their Expeditions into Hispanic America"
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IconografĂa emblemática del hĂ©roe nacional costarricense Juan SantamarĂa
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714:. Acta Republicana PolĂtica y sociedad. Año 7. NĂşmero 7. 2008
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1860 when he tried to come back to power along General Cañas.
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737:(2nd ed.). The Scarecrow Press, Inc. p. 488.
553:(1896), painting by Costa Rican artist Enrique Echandi
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619:. The Library of Congress. New York, Mason brothers.
733:Boles, Janet K. & Hoeveler, Diane Long (2004).
766:. Kessinger Publishing, LLC. pp. 70–89, 186.
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386:. People and goods would then be transported by
103:1858 interpretation by Elbert Price in his book
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143:William Walker was forced to leave the country.
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428:People and goods would then be transported by
432:over a narrow strip of land near the city of
390:over a narrow strip of land near the city of
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784:contains many references to William Walker.
409:ran through southern Nicaragua. Ships from
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583:Walker and his surviving soldiers fled to
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401:At the time, a major trade route between
69:Learn how and when to remove this message
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550:Juan Santamaria - The Burning of the Inn
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32:This article includes a list of general
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455:In July 1856, Walker set himself up as
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512:disorganised, and without leadership.
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530:Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper
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338:occurred on 11 April 1856 between
38:it lacks sufficient corresponding
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688:Miss Fanny Juda (February 1919).
16:1856 battle of the Filibuster War
692:. Vol. XXI, No. 4; Whole No. 142
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279:Willam Walker in Nicaragua and
782:Autobiography of an Old Player
762:Jamison, James Carson (2007).
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528:Scene in the Battle of Rivas,
1:
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562:Francisca ("Pancha") Carrasco
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350:forces of American mercenary
852:Battles involving Costa Rica
632:"The Saga of William Walker"
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7:
857:Battles involving Nicaragua
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710:Brenes Tencio, Guillermo:
318:Action of 23 November 1856
823:11.4393083°N 85.8269972°W
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344:Juan Rafael Mora Porras
53:more precise citations.
613:Perce, Elbert (1858).
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436:, before reaching the
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342:militia under General
336:Second Battle of Rivas
186:Commanders and leaders
84:Second Battle of Rivas
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440:and being shipped to
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356:First Battle of Rivas
230:Casualties and losses
800:Battle of Santa Rosa
450:Cornelius Vanderbilt
139:Costa Rican victory
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630:Don Fuchik (2007).
509:Hacienda Santa Rosa
354:. The lesser known
862:1856 in Costa Rica
780:McCloskey, J. J.
666:Lisa Tirmenstein.
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872:April 1856 events
867:1856 in Nicaragua
847:Conflicts in 1856
479:, an influential
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308:Second Rivas
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154:Belligerents
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89:Part of the
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826: /
481:New Orleans
469:Southerners
446:Wall Street
370:Ships from
340:Costa Rican
313:San Jacinto
293:First Rivas
242:260 wounded
167:Filibusters
51:introducing
841:Categories
773:0548260664
744:0810849461
600:References
505:Guanacaste
462:Costa Rica
430:stagecoach
388:stagecoach
362:Background
348:Nicaraguan
303:Santa Rosa
240:110 killed
235:200 killed
180:Costa Rica
34:references
579:Aftermath
457:president
417:from the
378:from the
298:La Virgen
789:See also
696:11 April
673:11 April
638:11 April
485:epidemic
419:Atlantic
411:New York
380:Atlantic
372:New York
346:and the
217:Strength
123:Location
585:Granada
489:cholera
473:slavery
448:tycoon
438:Pacific
396:Pacific
222:unknown
47:improve
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520:Battle
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135:Result
36:, but
434:Rivas
392:Rivas
225:3,000
768:ISBN
739:ISBN
698:2015
675:2015
640:2015
405:and
334:The
115:Date
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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