349:
404:, Charles attempted simultaneously to restart negotiations for a French alliance, but Louis repeated the condition that Britain must join him in attacking the Netherlands. Charles remained unenthusiastic, but his failure to gain the security he sought by other diplomatic means forced him to accept this precondition, subject to substantial French financial assistance. The parties entered into more detailed discussions by December 1669. During the five months in which detailed terms were being agreed, both parties attempted to reach understandings with Spain: their realisation that Spain might cede the Spanish Netherlands to France in a territorial exchange or act in concert with the Triple Alliance was a strong incentive for Charles and Louis respectively to reach a final agreement.
129:
163:
83:
141:
544:
was now involved in a war of attrition and faced growing opposition from other
European powers. Charles was short of money, as the costs of deploying the English fleet were much greater than expected despite French subsidies, and he faced increasing domestic opposition to the war. Part of this opposition related to English perceptions that the French fleet had stood by while the English fleet bore the brunt of the fighting the Dutch.
178:
101:
29:
312:. During 1669, friction among the members of the Triple Alliance convinced Louis that he could induce either England or the Dutch Republic to leave it. Following an unsuccessful attempt to negotiate with the Dutch, Louis was approached by Charles with the offer of an alliance, which was delivered secretly by Charles' sister. At this stage, the only participants in the talks were
559:, D'Estrées, either through poor seamanship, or because he had been ordered by Louis XIV to preserve the French fleet should England make peace with the Dutch, failed to engage the Dutch closely. In addition, Dutch privateers had been much more successful at capturing English merchant ships than English privateers attacking Dutch vessels in this war.
396:(died 1665); Maria Theresa had renounced her inheritance rights, but Louis consistently manoeuvred to acquire Spanish territory adjacent to France and to promote his wife's potential claim to the Spanish throne. Louis rebuffed Charles's approach in 1668, as Charles was not willing to join a French attack on Spain.
555:, commanding the French squadron, avoided the main battle and only engaged a much smaller Dutch force at long-range, earning the condemnation of English, and of some French officers. The conduct of the French fleet in the two 1673 Battles of the Schooneveld was undistinguished and, in the final 1673 conflict, the
543:
The breathing space afforded by its retreat behind the inundations, followed by military reforms, recruitment of new troops and unofficial
Spanish assistance, enabled the Dutch army, led by William III of Orange as its Captain-General, to hold the Dutch Water Line for the rest of 1672 and 1673. Louis
485:
was then appointed to negotiate a treaty with the King of France. He was amazed by how smoothly it went. This treaty closely followed the secret treaty just concluded, but the clause by which King
Charles was to declare himself a Roman Catholic as soon as the affairs of his kingdom permitted did not
521:
mistakenly thought that the war against France and
England would be decided at sea, and he prioritised equipping the Dutch fleet while neglecting the eastern frontier fortresses. This led to significant early French successes and a near-collapse of the Dutch army, which was forced to retreat behind
416:
The King of
England will make a public profession of the Catholic faith, and will receive the sum of two millions of crowns, to aid him in this project, from the Most Christian King, in the course of the next six months. The date of this declaration is left absolutely to his own pleasure. The King
425:
in a similar manner. If new rights to the
Spanish monarchy revert to the King of France, the King of England will aid him in maintaining these rights. The two Kings will declare war against the United Provinces. The King of France will attack them by land, and will receive the help of 6000 men
610:
dying childless, and of Louis then claiming the
Spanish throne for the House of Bourbon through his wife. At the time of the treaty, the Spanish monarch was only nine years old, but his infirmity was already evident and well-known, casting doubt on his ever being able to beget children. However,
399:
In the early part of 1669, Louis attempted to gain Dutch agreement to his acquiring all or most of the
Spanish Netherlands, but the Dutch themselves were anxious to prevent a French army being stationed on or near their frontiers. During the same period, Charles attempted to preserve the Triple
367:
Charles's motives for secretly entering into negotiations with France, while
England was still part of the Triple Alliance against France, have been debated among historians. Suggested motives include: a desire to gain the alliance of Europe's strongest state; to ensure Charles' political and
598:
Protestants and also relaxed (but did not suspend) the penal laws applying to Roman
Catholics. When Parliament reconvened that year, they denounced the Declaration and announced that the English monarch did not possess the power to issue proclamations that suspended penal laws passed by the
411:
in favour of assisting Louis in conquering the Dutch Republic. Provided that the conquest was successfully completed, England was promised several very profitable ports along one of the major rivers that run through the Dutch Republic. The main components of the treaty can be paraphrased:
635:
and most of Spain's European possessions to France. However, when the Spanish king died childless in 1700, William III's foreign policy initiative was nullified when Louis claimed the whole Spanish inheritance for his grandson, and French ambitions caused the
469:, an even greater backlash might have followed had the English public learned that the King actually obliged himself to turn Catholic and that he was willing to rely on French troops to impose that conversion on his own subjects.
241:
at some future date. In return, Louis agreed to pay him a secret pension of ÂŁ230,000 per year, as well as a bonus when his conversion was made public. Charles hoped these payments would help make him financially independent of
586:
and several towns in the Spanish Netherlands by this treaty, although relinquishing other conquests. More importantly, Louis achieved a diplomatic victory by breaking the European alliance against him.
603:
until the declaration was withdrawn. Charles was forced to comply with Parliament's demands, thereby ending the chance offered by the treaty of reconciling England with the Roman Catholic Church.
388:. Charles initially attempted to form an alliance with France in 1668, without abandoning the Triple Alliance, so was not as consistent as Louis in opposing the Dutch. Louis was married to
578:. However, the conclusion of an Anglo-Dutch defensive treaty in March 1678 convinced Louis to offer peace without the cession any Dutch territory, leading to the signing of the
230:
with general diplomatic assistance. However, of greater significance were secret provisions which remained largely unknown until published by historians over a century later.
570:: this largely restored the pre-war status quo and ended the Third Anglo-Dutch War. The French would continue to fight for four more years. A peace conference was convened at
517:
where Dutch defences were weakest, outflanking the main defences on the Dutch border with the Spanish Netherlands. Despite warnings about French intentions, the Dutch leader
450:
By Article 7 of the treaty, Charles was able to secure only a vague promise that the rights and interests of his nephew, William, Prince of Orange, would be respected.
486:
appear; neither, therefore, did the stipulation that the attack on the Netherlands would follow his declaration. This treaty was signed by all five members of the
611:
Charles's promise to Louis was purely personal, and as the Spanish King outlived him, his promise had no effect. When, shortly after the conclusion of the
498:
Military preparations took some time; Louis declared war on the Dutch on 6 April 1672, and Charles followed suit the next day. On 14 April 1672 under the
606:
The treaty's reference to the possibility of "new rights to the Spanish monarchy reverting to the King of France" envisaged the possibility of
566:
in order to wage the war without its oversight. In 1674, largely because of the pressure put upon Charles by Parliament, England signed the
1129:
281:
might allow him to achieve these without war. A Franco-Dutch defensive treaty was signed in 1662, while in January 1666 France entered the
1484:
1479:
384:) for the monarchy; or to seek revenge on the Dutch for the English defeat in the Second Anglo-Dutch War, particularly the humiliating
562:
Desperate for funds, Charles was forced to call Parliament into session for the first time in over two years. He had hoped to keep it
426:
from England. The King of England will send 50 men-of-war to sea, and the King of France 30; the combined fleets will be under the
1469:
582:. Although not unfavourable to the Dutch, and less favourable to France than the terms offered by the Dutch in 1672, France gained
482:
712:
693:
674:
348:
563:
490:
on 21 December 1670 and was made known to the public. However King Charles and the French knew it was a meaningless fake.
461:. Had it been published in Charles II's lifetime, the results might have been drastic; considering the enormous effect of
401:
110:
92:
33:
502:, France paid Sweden subsidies to remain neutral, while also promising Sweden military support if it were threatened by
1329:
1310:
1291:
1236:
1188:
623:
would succeed to the Spanish throne, and that France and Austria would divide Spain's European possessions outside the
308:
was formed between the Dutch Republic, England and Sweden during 1668, which immediately pressured Louis into signing
1207:
591:
418:
400:
Alliance by settling outstanding overseas trade issues with the Dutch, with little success. Through his ambassador
309:
1464:
454:
1494:
632:
292:
France took a minor role in the war, as mutual suspicion grew between the Dutch and Louis. Following the peace
513:
started badly for the Dutch. The French strategy was to invade the Dutch Republic along the line of the River
339:
595:
321:
1489:
1459:
567:
1420:
620:
1119:
Black, Jeremy. "British Foreign Policy and International Affairs during Sir William Trumbull's Career."
616:
499:
526:
and offer peace terms that were very favourable to France. The year 1672 is known to the Dutch as the
1449:
637:
533:
442:, as his share of the conquered provinces. Separate articles will provide for the interests of the
1454:
1439:
326:
1444:
628:
574:
in 1676, but this made little progress as the French insisted in retaining the Dutch fortress of
552:
1474:
446:. The Treaty of Commerce, which has already begun, shall be concluded as promptly as possible.
443:
422:
389:
305:
293:
282:
536:
blamed de Witt whom they forced to resign, and they later brutally killed him and his brother
615:, the death of Charles II of Spain seemed imminent, the exhausted participants agreed by the
600:
510:
356:
317:
250:
243:
215:
145:
37:
862:
The History Men. The Historical Profession in England since the Renaissance. Second Edition
523:
380:
had no clear heir); to gain the support of English Catholics (and possibly also Protestant
352:
8:
607:
506:. This Franco-Swedish alliance completed Louis' diplomatic encirclement of the Republic.
503:
427:
377:
360:
297:
274:
270:
211:
133:
1499:
1405:
The Second Anglo-Dutch War (1665–1667): Raison D'état, Mercantilism and Maritime Strife
1378:
1370:
1270:
1153:
1145:
612:
579:
393:
385:
369:
335:
286:
266:
249:
Although the conversion clause was never activated, the treaty led to the 1672 to 1674
223:
183:
140:
106:
835:
338:); Henrietta was also Louis's sister-in-law through her marriage to his only brother,
1382:
1325:
1306:
1287:
1274:
1232:
1203:
1184:
1157:
1127:
Boxer, C. R. (1969). "Some Second Thoughts on the Third Anglo-Dutch War, 1672–1674".
631:
of 1700, also sponsored by William III awarded Spain and its overseas possessions to
624:
548:
407:
By the secret treaty, Charles was to abandon the Triple Alliance with Sweden and the
301:
227:
168:
128:
88:
1362:
1262:
1137:
768:
Ronald Hutton, "The Making of the Secret Treaty of Dover, 1668–1670." pp. 297, 299.
649:
537:
254:
808:
Ronald Hutton, "The Making of the Secret Treaty of Dover, 1668–1670." pp. 303-304.
799:
Ronald Hutton, "The Making of the Secret Treaty of Dover, 1668–1670." pp. 300-302.
583:
1221:
734:
Ronald Hutton, "The Making of the Secret Treaty of Dover, 1668–1670." pp 300-301.
725:
Ronald Hutton, "The Making of the Secret Treaty of Dover, 1668–1670." pp 299-300.
556:
233:
Under these, Charles would provide military backing for a French invasion of the
1425:(in French). Vol. iii. Paris: Imprimerie Royale. pp. 187–199, 256–267.
487:
408:
373:
278:
234:
1266:
1253:
Hutton, Ronald (1986). "The Making of the Secret Treaty of Dover, 1668–1670".
1433:
1181:
The New Cambridge Modern History: Volume 5, The Ascendancy of France, 1648–88
851:
Ronald Hutton, "The Making of the Secret Treaty of Dover, 1668–1670." p. 303.
790:
Ronald Hutton, "The Making of the Secret Treaty of Dover, 1668–1670." p. 299.
518:
478:
269:, but none was agreed. Despite growing tensions over French ambitions in the
1353:
Maurice, D. Lee Jr (1961). "The Earl of Arlington and the Treaty of Dover".
421:, as regards Spain, and the King of England will maintain the Treaty of the
331:
1113:
Madame, a Life of Henrietta, Daughter of Charles I and Duchess of Orleans
466:
462:
238:
1149:
575:
381:
1374:
453:
The secret treaty did not become public until 1771 when the historian
1229:
The Northern Wars; State and Society in Northeastern Europe 1558–1721
431:
313:
1141:
1366:
834:(Eyre & Spottiswoode, 1953), pp 863-67 for text; paraphrase by
571:
528:
439:
435:
265:
A possible Anglo-French treaty had been discussed after the 1660
67:
1422:
NĂ©gociations Relatives Ă la Succession d'Espagne sous Louis XIV
28:
430:'s command. His Britannic Majesty will be content to receive
514:
219:
63:
681:
599:
Parliament. Furthermore, they refused to fund the ongoing
372:; to put England in a position to receive a share of the
662:
700:
1168:(Eyre & Spottiswoode, 1953), pp 863–867 for text.
1345:
Lodge, Richard. "English Foreign Policy, 1660–1715"
901:
Restoration: Charles II and his kingdoms, 1660-1685
965:Some Second Thoughts on the Third Anglo-Dutch War
939:Some Second Thoughts on the Third Anglo-Dutch War
750:
1431:
1322:The Anglo-Dutch Wars of the Seventeenth Century
1017:The Anglo-Dutch Wars of the Seventeenth Century
952:The Anglo-Dutch Wars of the Seventeenth Century
926:The Anglo-Dutch Wars of the Seventeenth Century
472:
627:. After Joseph Ferdinand's death in 1699, the
304:. To oppose French expansion in the region, a
222:on 1 June 1670. Officially, it only committed
875:Royal Charles: Charles II and the Restoration
864:(Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1993), pp. 67-68.
711:sfn error: no target: CITEREFRommelse2004 (
692:sfn error: no target: CITEREFRommelse2004 (
673:sfn error: no target: CITEREFRommelse2006 (
1082:The New Cambridge Modern History: Volume 5
1056:The New Cambridge Modern History: Volume 5
1043:The New Cambridge Modern History: Volume 5
1030:The New Cambridge Modern History: Volume 5
481:was signed and sealed in June 1670. The
253:, a related conflict of the 1672 to 1678
174:
97:
706:
687:
668:
363:, who helped negotiate the secret terms.
347:
159:
79:
1417:Original French text of the treaty, at
1393:(Cambridge UP, 1973), pp. 108–114.
1352:
1300:
1178:
1166:English historical documents: 1660–1714
832:English Historical Documents: 1660-1714
594:which suspended the penal laws against
1432:
1418:
1281:
1252:
1200:Royal Survivor: The Life of Charles II
779:The Second Anglo-Dutch War (1665-1667)
417:of France will faithfully observe the
334:to Charles (through their grandfather
16:1670 treaty between England and France
1319:
1247:Stuart and Cromwellian Foreign Policy
1226:
1197:
1126:
756:
465:'s highly unreliable assertions of a
459:Memoirs of Great Britain and Ireland
36:, who led negotiations on behalf of
1110:
914:The Northern Wars 1558–1721 p. 209.
34:Henry Bennet, 1st Earl of Arlington
13:
1398:England in the Reign of Charles II
1069:England in the Reign of Charles II
888:England in the Reign of Charles II
819:England in the Reign of Charles II
745:England in the Reign of Charles II
14:
1511:
1485:History of Catholicism in England
1480:Treaties of the Kingdom of France
1411:
1284:The Hapsburg Monarchy, 1618–1815
1218:British Foreign Policy 1660–1672
1095:The Habsburg Monarchy, 1618-1815
619:, brokered by William III, that
368:financial independence from the
176:
161:
139:
127:
99:
81:
27:
1470:Military history of Dover, Kent
1104:
1087:
1074:
1061:
1048:
1035:
1022:
1009:
996:
983:
970:
957:
944:
931:
918:
906:
893:
880:
867:
854:
845:
824:
811:
802:
793:
784:
493:
300:later that year, beginning the
1391:Popery and politics in England
1286:. Cambridge University Press.
1183:. Cambridge University Press.
771:
762:
747:(2nd ed. 1936) vol 1 p 342-44.
737:
728:
719:
617:First Partition Treaty of 1698
457:published its contents in his
277:decided an agreement with the
237:, and committed to convert to
1:
655:
260:
1303:A History of the French Navy
1004:A History of the French Navy
991:A History of the French Navy
978:A History of the French Navy
7:
1121:The British Library Journal
643:
621:Joseph Ferdinand of Bavaria
532:or 'Year of disaster': the
376:if it broke up (the infant
210:, was an agreement between
10:
1516:
1355:Journal of British Studies
590:In 1672, Charles issued a
1267:10.1017/S0018246X00018756
1175:(1955), pp. 154–168.
638:War of Spanish Succession
592:Declaration of Indulgence
419:Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle
392:, the eldest daughter of
310:a peace treaty with Spain
192:
153:
118:
73:
59:
44:
26:
1349:15#60 (1931) pp 296–307.
1305:. MacDonald and Jane's.
1071:vol 1 pp 354-55, 365-68.
1301:Jenkins, E. H. (1973).
1198:Coote, Stephen (2000).
1179:Carsten, F. L. (1961).
629:Second Partition Treaty
320:, and Charles's sister
1465:History of Dover, Kent
1282:Ingrao, C. W. (2000).
1255:The Historical Journal
1227:Frost, Robert (2000).
1202:. St. Martin's Press.
1164:Browning, Andrew, ed.
954:, pp 193, 197-198, 220
448:
364:
294:Treaty of Breda (1667)
283:Second Anglo-Dutch War
208:Secret Treaty of Dover
1495:Charles II of England
1123:19.2 (1993): 199–217.
830:Andrew Browning, ed.
601:Third Anglo-Dutch War
568:Treaty of Westminster
511:Third Anglo-Dutch War
414:
359:and sister-in-law of
357:Charles II of England
351:
318:Charles II of England
251:Third Anglo-Dutch War
216:Charles II of England
146:Charles II of England
48:1 June 1670
38:Charles II of England
1400:(2nd ed. 2 vol 1936)
1320:Jones, J. R (2013).
1222:excerpt 1968 reprint
1130:Trans. R. Hist. Soc.
524:The Dutch Water Line
353:Henrietta of England
296:, Louis invaded the
206:, also known as the
1490:Charles II of Spain
1460:Treaties of England
1419:Mignet, M. (1835).
1111:Ady, Julia (1894).
877:(1979), pp. 275–276
690:, pp. 65, 109.
608:Charles II of Spain
557:Battle of the Texel
522:the inundations of
504:Brandenburg-Prussia
500:Treaty of Stockholm
434:, the mouth of the
378:Charles II of Spain
361:Louis XIV of France
298:Spanish Netherlands
275:Louis XIV of France
271:Spanish Netherlands
212:Louis XIV of France
134:Louis XIV of France
23:
1407:(Verloren, 2006).
1342:(1978), pp 64–73.
1115:. Seeley & Co.
842:(1894) pp. 332–33.
580:Treaty of Nijmegen
483:Duke of Buckingham
473:The "cover" treaty
455:Sir John Dalrymple
438:, and the isle of
394:Philip IV of Spain
386:Raid on the Medway
370:English parliament
365:
336:Henry IV of France
327:duchesse d'Orléans
267:Stuart Restoration
93:Marquis de Croissy
21:
1340:Country and Court
1249:(1974) pp 95–138.
928:, pp 179-181, 185
671:, pp. 29–30.
625:Iberian Peninsula
549:Battle of Solebay
302:War of Devolution
200:
199:
111:Earl of Arlington
1507:
1450:Anglo-Dutch Wars
1426:
1403:Rommelse, Gijs,
1386:
1335:
1316:
1297:
1278:
1245:Howat, G. M. D.
1242:
1216:Feiling, Keith.
1213:
1194:
1171:Bryant, Arthur.
1161:
1116:
1098:
1091:
1085:
1078:
1072:
1065:
1059:
1052:
1046:
1039:
1033:
1026:
1020:
1013:
1007:
1000:
994:
987:
981:
974:
968:
961:
955:
948:
942:
935:
929:
922:
916:
910:
904:
897:
891:
890:vol 1 pp 346-48.
884:
878:
873:Antonia Fraser,
871:
865:
858:
852:
849:
843:
838:from Julia Ady,
828:
822:
821:vol 1 pp 344-46.
815:
809:
806:
800:
797:
791:
788:
782:
775:
769:
766:
760:
754:
748:
741:
735:
732:
726:
723:
717:
716:
704:
698:
697:
685:
679:
678:
666:
650:List of treaties
633:Archduke Charles
444:Prince of Orange
255:Franco-Dutch War
186:
182:
180:
179:
171:
167:
165:
164:
144:
143:
132:
131:
109:
105:
103:
102:
91:
87:
85:
84:
55:
53:
31:
24:
20:
1515:
1514:
1510:
1509:
1508:
1506:
1505:
1504:
1455:Secret treaties
1440:1670 in England
1430:
1429:
1414:
1332:
1313:
1294:
1239:
1210:
1191:
1173:King Charles II
1142:10.2307/3678740
1107:
1102:
1101:
1092:
1088:
1080:F. L. Carsten,
1079:
1075:
1066:
1062:
1054:F. L. Carsten,
1053:
1049:
1041:F. L. Carsten,
1040:
1036:
1028:F. L. Carsten,
1027:
1023:
1014:
1010:
1002:E. H. Jenkins,
1001:
997:
989:E. H. Jenkins,
988:
984:
976:E. H. Jenkins,
975:
971:
962:
958:
949:
945:
936:
932:
923:
919:
911:
907:
898:
894:
885:
881:
872:
868:
859:
855:
850:
846:
836:François Mignet
829:
825:
816:
812:
807:
803:
798:
794:
789:
785:
777:Gijs Rommelse,
776:
772:
767:
763:
755:
751:
742:
738:
733:
729:
724:
720:
710:
705:
701:
691:
686:
682:
672:
667:
663:
658:
646:
613:Nine Years' War
496:
475:
423:Triple Alliance
306:Triple Alliance
263:
204:Treaty of Dover
177:
175:
162:
160:
138:
126:
120:
100:
98:
82:
80:
51:
49:
40:
22:Treaty of Dover
17:
12:
11:
5:
1513:
1503:
1502:
1497:
1492:
1487:
1482:
1477:
1472:
1467:
1462:
1457:
1452:
1447:
1445:1670 in France
1442:
1428:
1427:
1413:
1412:External links
1410:
1409:
1408:
1401:
1394:
1389:Miller, John.
1387:
1367:10.1086/385435
1350:
1343:
1336:
1331:978-1315845975
1330:
1317:
1312:978-0786457847
1311:
1298:
1293:978-0521785051
1292:
1279:
1261:(2): 297–318.
1250:
1243:
1238:978-0582064294
1237:
1224:
1214:
1208:
1195:
1190:978-0521045445
1189:
1176:
1169:
1162:
1124:
1117:
1106:
1103:
1100:
1099:
1093:C. W. Ingrao,
1086:
1073:
1060:
1047:
1034:
1021:
1008:
995:
982:
969:
956:
943:
930:
917:
905:
892:
879:
866:
860:J. P. Kenyon,
853:
844:
823:
810:
801:
792:
783:
770:
761:
749:
736:
727:
718:
709:, p. 151.
699:
680:
660:
659:
657:
654:
653:
652:
645:
642:
495:
492:
488:Cabal Ministry
474:
471:
409:Dutch Republic
402:Lord St Albans
374:Spanish Empire
279:Dutch Republic
262:
259:
235:Dutch Republic
198:
197:
194:
190:
189:
188:
187:
172:
155:
151:
150:
149:
148:
136:
122:
116:
115:
114:
113:
95:
75:
71:
70:
61:
57:
56:
46:
42:
41:
32:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1512:
1501:
1498:
1496:
1493:
1491:
1488:
1486:
1483:
1481:
1478:
1476:
1475:1670 treaties
1473:
1471:
1468:
1466:
1463:
1461:
1458:
1456:
1453:
1451:
1448:
1446:
1443:
1441:
1438:
1437:
1435:
1424:
1423:
1416:
1415:
1406:
1402:
1399:
1395:
1392:
1388:
1384:
1380:
1376:
1372:
1368:
1364:
1360:
1356:
1351:
1348:
1344:
1341:
1338:Jones, J. R.
1337:
1333:
1327:
1324:. Routledge.
1323:
1318:
1314:
1308:
1304:
1299:
1295:
1289:
1285:
1280:
1276:
1272:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1256:
1251:
1248:
1244:
1240:
1234:
1231:. Routledge.
1230:
1225:
1223:
1219:
1215:
1211:
1209:0-312-22687-X
1205:
1201:
1196:
1192:
1186:
1182:
1177:
1174:
1170:
1167:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1132:
1131:
1125:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1109:
1108:
1096:
1090:
1083:
1077:
1070:
1064:
1057:
1051:
1044:
1038:
1031:
1025:
1018:
1015:J. R. Jones,
1012:
1005:
999:
992:
986:
980:, pp 50-1 52.
979:
973:
966:
963:C. R. Boxer,
960:
953:
950:J. R. Jones,
947:
940:
937:C. R. Boxer,
934:
927:
924:J. R. Jones,
921:
915:
912:Roger Frost,
909:
902:
896:
889:
883:
876:
870:
863:
857:
848:
841:
837:
833:
827:
820:
814:
805:
796:
787:
780:
774:
765:
758:
753:
746:
740:
731:
722:
714:
708:
707:Rommelse 2004
703:
695:
689:
688:Rommelse 2004
684:
676:
670:
669:Rommelse 2006
665:
661:
651:
648:
647:
641:
639:
634:
630:
626:
622:
618:
614:
609:
604:
602:
597:
596:nonconforming
593:
588:
585:
584:Franche-Comté
581:
577:
573:
569:
565:
560:
558:
554:
550:
545:
541:
539:
535:
531:
530:
525:
520:
519:Johan de Witt
516:
512:
507:
505:
501:
491:
489:
484:
480:
479:secret treaty
470:
468:
464:
460:
456:
451:
447:
445:
441:
437:
433:
429:
424:
420:
413:
410:
405:
403:
397:
395:
391:
390:Maria Theresa
387:
383:
379:
375:
371:
362:
358:
354:
350:
346:
344:
343:
342:duc d'Orléans
337:
333:
329:
328:
323:
319:
315:
311:
307:
303:
299:
295:
290:
288:
284:
280:
276:
272:
268:
258:
256:
252:
247:
245:
240:
236:
231:
229:
225:
221:
217:
213:
209:
205:
195:
191:
185:
173:
170:
158:
157:
156:
152:
147:
142:
137:
135:
130:
125:
124:
123:
117:
112:
108:
96:
94:
90:
78:
77:
76:
72:
69:
65:
62:
58:
47:
43:
39:
35:
30:
25:
19:
1421:
1404:
1397:
1396:Ogg, David.
1390:
1361:(1): 58–70.
1358:
1354:
1346:
1339:
1321:
1302:
1283:
1258:
1254:
1246:
1228:
1217:
1199:
1180:
1172:
1165:
1133:
1128:
1120:
1112:
1105:Bibliography
1097:, pp 105-107
1094:
1089:
1084:, pp 309-310
1081:
1076:
1068:
1063:
1058:, pp 296-297
1055:
1050:
1042:
1037:
1029:
1024:
1019:, pp 30, 192
1016:
1011:
1003:
998:
990:
985:
977:
972:
964:
959:
951:
946:
938:
933:
925:
920:
913:
908:
903:(2006) p 71.
900:
899:Tim Harris,
895:
887:
882:
874:
869:
861:
856:
847:
839:
831:
826:
818:
813:
804:
795:
786:
781:, pp 28, 34.
778:
773:
764:
759:, p. ?.
752:
744:
739:
730:
721:
702:
683:
664:
605:
589:
561:
546:
542:
527:
508:
497:
494:Consequences
476:
458:
452:
449:
428:Duke of York
415:
406:
398:
366:
355:, sister of
341:
332:first cousin
330:. Louis was
325:
291:
264:
248:
232:
207:
203:
201:
18:
1067:David Ogg,
993:, pp 50-51.
886:David Ogg,
817:David Ogg,
743:David Ogg,
467:Popish Plot
463:Titus Oates
340:Phillippe,
316:of France,
239:Catholicism
226:to provide
121:signatories
74:Negotiators
1434:Categories
757:Coote 2000
656:References
576:Maastricht
382:dissenters
261:Background
244:Parliament
218:signed at
52:1670-06-01
1500:Louis XIV
1383:159658912
1275:159787254
1158:159934682
1136:: 67–94.
564:prorogued
553:d'Estrées
551:in 1672,
534:Orangists
432:Walcheren
322:Henrietta
314:Louis XIV
193:Languages
1220:(1930).
644:See also
572:Nijmegen
538:Cornelis
529:Rampjaar
285:against
119:Original
60:Location
1347:History
1150:3678740
1045:, p 219
1032:, p 275
1006:, p 52.
967:, p 72.
941:, p 81.
547:In the
440:Cadzand
436:Scheldt
287:England
224:England
184:England
154:Parties
107:England
68:England
50: (
1381:
1375:175099
1373:
1328:
1309:
1290:
1273:
1235:
1206:
1187:
1156:
1148:
840:Madame
228:France
196:French
181:
169:France
166:
104:
89:France
86:
45:Signed
1379:S2CID
1371:JSTOR
1271:S2CID
1154:S2CID
1146:JSTOR
515:Rhine
220:Dover
64:Dover
1326:ISBN
1307:ISBN
1288:ISBN
1233:ISBN
1204:ISBN
1185:ISBN
713:help
694:help
675:help
509:The
477:The
214:and
202:The
1363:doi
1263:doi
1138:doi
246:.
1436::
1377:.
1369:.
1357:.
1269:.
1259:29
1257:.
1152:.
1144:.
1134:19
640:.
540:.
345:.
324:,
289:.
273:,
257:.
66:,
1385:.
1365::
1359:1
1334:.
1315:.
1296:.
1277:.
1265::
1241:.
1212:.
1193:.
1160:.
1140::
715:)
696:)
677:)
54:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
