1943:
1814:
1041:, because it can swim at great speeds "for a few hundred yards", but it "soon tires if the chase is long" and "does not have the strength and staying power of its larger relatives". It can reach speeds of up to 50 km/h (31 mph) over short distances. However, it is not a remarkable diver, reaching relatively shallow depths for 5 to 15 minutes. Between dives, the whale surfaces for a few minutes, remaining visible in clear, calm waters, with blows occurring at intervals of about 60 seconds (range: 45–90 sec.). When about to dive, the sei whale usually just sinks below the surface; only the dorsal fin and
1062:
33:
265:
886:
1026:. They have been documented traveling alone or in pods of up to six individuals; larger groups may assemble at particularly abundant feeding grounds. During the southern Gulf of Maine influx in mid-1986, groups of at least three sei whales were observed "milling" on four occasions – i.e. moving in random directions, rolling, and remaining at the surface for over 10 minutes. One whale would always leave the group during or immediately after such socializing bouts. The sei whale is among the fastest
946:
113:
1529:
970:
71:
2067:
1496:. All the calls were downswept tonal calls, all but two ranging from a mean high frequency of 39.1 Hz down to 21 Hz of 1.3 second duration – the two higher frequency downswept calls ranged from an average of 100.3 Hz to 44.6 Hz over 1 second of duration. These calls closely resembled and coincided with a peak in "20- to 35-Hz irregular repetition interval" downswept pulses described from seafloor recordings off
978:
47:
2095:
2081:
2051:) may have caused mass deaths in prehistoric times. In June 2015, scientists flying over southern Chile counted 337 dead sei whales, in what is regarded as the largest mass beaching ever documented. The cause is not yet known; however, toxic algae blooms caused by unprecedented warming in the Pacific Ocean, known as
1990:). It is listed on Appendix I as this species has been categorized as being in danger of extinction throughout all or a significant proportion of their range and CMS parties strive towards strictly protecting these animals, and also on Appendix II. The species is listed as endangered by the U.S. government
2006:
As of 2018, the global population is estimated to be 50,000 mature individuals, with an increasing population trend. In the North
Atlantic, 12,000 whales were estimated. As of 1983, around 10,000 whales were estimated in the Southern Hemisphere, and by 2011, approximately 35,000 individuals inhabited
1895:
Since the moratorium on commercial whaling, some sei whales have been taken by
Icelandic and Japanese whalers under the IWC's scientific research programme. Iceland carried out four years of scientific whaling between 1986 and 1989, killing up to 40 sei whales a year. The research is conducted by the
1886:
originally targeted humpback whales. By 1913, this species became rare, and the catch of fin and blue whales began to increase. As these species likewise became scarce, sei whale catches increased rapidly in the late 1950s and early 1960s. The catch peaked in 1964–65 at over 20,000 sei whales, but by
1734:
Despite knowing some general migration patterns, exact routes are incompletely known and scientists cannot readily predict exactly where groups will appear from one year to the next. A 1985 study suggested a correlation between appearances west of
Greenland and the incursion of relatively warm waters
1673:
in 1952 were actually Bryde's whales, based on examination of their baleen plates. The only confirmed historical record is the capture of a 14 m (46 ft) female, which was brought to the Cap Lopez whaling station in Gabon in
September 1950. During cetacean sighting surveys off Angola between
2043:
and
Washington. Prior to commercial whaling, the North Pacific hosted an estimated 42,000. By the end of whaling, the population was down to between 7,260 and 12,620. In the Southern Hemisphere, population estimates range between 9,800 and 12,000, based upon catch history and CPUE. The IWC estimated
1969:
Quotas on sei whales in the North
Atlantic began in 1977. Southern Hemisphere stocks were protected in 1979. Facing mounting evidence that several whale species were threatened with extinction, the IWC established a complete moratorium on commercial whaling beginning in 1986. In the late 1970s, some
1865:
processed 300–600 each year between 1911 and 1955. In 1959, the
Japanese catch peaked at 1,340. Heavy exploitation in the North Pacific began in the early 1960s, with catches averaging 3,643 per year from 1963 to 1974 (total 43,719; annual range 1,280–6,053). In 1971, after a decade of high catches,
1536:
Sei whales live in all oceans, although rarely in polar or tropical waters. The difficulty of differentiating them at sea from their close relatives, Bryde's whales and in some cases from fin whales, creates confusion about their range and population, especially in warmer waters where Bryde's whales
1755:(CGFZ) between April and June 2005. It appeared to "hitch a ride" on prevailing currents, with erratic movements indicative of feeding behavior in five areas, in particular the CGFZ, an area of known high sei whale abundance as well as high copepod concentrations. Seven whales tagged off Faial and
1519:
BBC News quoted Roddy
Morrison, a former whaler active in South Georgia, as saying, "When we killed the sei whales, they used to make a noise, like a crying noise. They seemed so friendly, and they'd come round and they'd make a noise, and when you hit them, they cried really. I didn't think it was
992:
In the
Northern Hemisphere, males reach up to 17.1 m (56 ft) and females up to 18.6 m (61 ft), while in the Southern Hemisphere males reach a maximum of 18.6 m (61 ft) and females of 19.5 m (64 ft). The authenticity of an alleged 22 m (72 ft) female
1004:
In the North
Pacific, adult males average 13.7 m (45 ft) and adult females 15 m (49 ft). In the North Atlantic, the average length of an adult male is 14 m (46 ft) and of an adult female is 14.5 m (48 ft). In the Southern Hemisphere, they average 14.5 m
1449:
from its mother at 6–9 months of age, when it is 8–9 m (26–30 ft) long, so weaning takes place at the summer or autumn feeding grounds. Females reproduce every 2–3 years, usually to a single calf. In the Northern Hemisphere, males are usually 12.8–12.9 m (42–42 ft) and females
960:
The sei whale looks very similar to other large rorquals, especially to its smaller relative the Bryde's whale. Exceptional individuals may resemble a fin whale, which leads to confusion. They are usually differentiated from the fin whale by the colour of their head. Contrary to the fin whale's
1008:
In the North Pacific, males weigh an average of 15 t (15 long tons; 17 short tons) and females 18.5 t (18.2 long tons; 20.4 short tons). North Atlantic sei whale males average 15.5 t (15.3 long tons; 17.1 short tons) and females 17 t (17 long tons; 19 short tons). Southern
1686:
In general, the sei whale migrates annually from cool and subpolar waters in summer to temperate and subtropical waters for winter, where food is more abundant. In the northwest Atlantic, sightings and catch records suggest the whales move north along the shelf edge to arrive in the areas of
1869:
Off the coast of North America, sei whales were hunted off British Columbia from the late 1950s to the mid-1960s, when the number of whales captured dropped to around 14 per year. More than 2,000 were caught in British Columbian waters between 1962 and 1967. Between 1957 and 1971,
2038:
observed five seis together in the summer of 2017, the first such sighting in over 50 years. In California waters, there was only one confirmed and five possible sightings by 1991 to 1993 aerial and ship surveys, and there were no confirmed sightings off Oregon coasts such as
1678:. The Falkland Islands appear to be a regionally important area for the sei whale, as a small population exists in coastal waters off the eastern Falkland or Malvinas archipelago. For reasons unknown, the whales prefer to stay inland here, even venturing into large bays.
1904:, a privately funded, nonprofit institution. The main focus of the research is to examine what they eat and to assess the competition between whales and fisheries. In a span of 15 years, around 1,453 whales were killed in the North Pacific between 2002 and 2017.
1674:
2003 and 2006, only a single confirmed sighting of two individuals was made in August 2004, compared to 19 sightings of Bryde's whales. Sei whales are commonly distributed along west to southern Latin America, including the entire Chilean coast down to the
898:
or grooves along its ventral surface that extend halfway between the pectoral fins and umbilicus (in other species it usually extends to or past the umbilicus), restricting the expansion of the buccal cavity during feeding compared to other species. The
1821:
In the North Atlantic between 1885 and 1984, 14,295 sei whales were taken. They were hunted in large numbers off the coasts of Norway and Scotland beginning in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, and in 1885 alone more than 700 were caught off
1472:
The sei whale makes long, loud, low-frequency sounds. Relatively little is known about specific calls, but in 2003, observers noted sei whale calls in addition to sounds that could be described as "growls" or "whooshes" off the coast of the
957:, which is bordered by a fringe of very fine, short, curly, wool-like white bristles. The sei's very fine baleen bristles, about 0.1 mm (0.0039 in), are the most reliable characteristic that distinguishes it from other rorquals.
512:, basing his designation partly on Cuvier's description of Rudolphi's specimen and partly on a 16 m (52 ft) female that had stranded on the coast of France the previous year (this was later identified as a juvenile fin whale,
2033:
data. Japanese interests claim this figure is outdated, and in 2002 claimed the western North Pacific population was over 28,000, a figure not accepted by the scientific community. In western Canadian waters, researchers with
428:. It is typically solitary or can be found in groups numbering half a dozen. During the breeding period, a mating pair will remain together. Sei whale vocalizations usually lasts half a second, and occurs at 240–625 hertz.
1985:
Appendix I, indicating they are threatened with extinction if trade is not halted. The sei whale is listed on both Appendix I and Appendix II of the Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals
1508:, which were associated with the presence of sei whales. These calls averaged 82.3 Hz down to 34 Hz over about 1.4 seconds in duration. This call has also been reported from recordings in the Gulf of Maine,
1100:
collected near them, which appears as a dilute brown cloud. The feces are collected in nets and DNA is separated, individually identified, and matched with known species. The whale competes for food against different
4922:" of the Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (CMS). As amended by the Conference of the Parties in 1985, 1988, 1991, 1994, 1997, 1999, 2002, 2005 and 2008. Effective: 5 March 2009.
467:
whale". The species was so called because it "appeared off the coast of Norway at the same time each year as the pollock that came to feed on the abundant plankton". In the Pacific, the whale has been called the
1080:
plates to obtain its food by opening its mouth, engulfing or skimming large amounts of the water containing the food, then straining the water out through the baleen, trapping any food items inside its mouth.
893:
The sei whale's body is typically a dark steel grey with irregular light grey to white markings on the ventral surface, or towards the front of the lower body. The whale has a relatively short series of 32–60
1833:
whaling station between 1948 and 1985. Since the late 1960s to early 1970s, the sei whale has been second only to the fin whale as the preferred target of Icelandic whalers, with meat in greater demand than
1923:. At the 2001 meeting of the IWC Scientific Committee, 32 scientists submitted a document expressing their belief that the Japanese program lacked scientific rigor and would not meet minimum standards of
836:, meaning "furrow whale", because family members have a series of longitudinal pleats or grooves on the anterior half of their ventral surface. Balaenopterids diverged from the other families of suborder
1731:
earlier and more reliably than other sexes and classes, arriving in mid-July and remaining through mid-September. In some years, males and younger females remain at lower latitudes during the summer.
3213:
Tamura; et al. (2006). "Cruise report of the second phase of the Japanese Research Program under Special Permit in the Western North Pacific (JAPRN II) in 2006 (part I) – Offshore component".
1489:
at a reference distance of one metre. An observer situated one metre from a vocalizing whale would perceive a volume roughly equivalent to the volume of a jackhammer operating two meters away.
1477:. Many calls consisted of multiple parts at different frequencies. This combination distinguishes their calls from those of other whales. Most calls last about a second, and occur in the 37-98
3472:
Christensen, I.; T. Haug; N. Øien (1992). "A review of feeding and reproduction in large baleen whales (Mysticeti) and sperm whales Physeter macrocephalus in Norwegian and adjacent waters".
1970:"pirate" whaling took place in the eastern North Atlantic. There is no direct evidence of illegal whaling in the North Pacific, despite the acknowledged misreporting of whaling data by the
3194:
Tamura; et al. (2005). "Cruise report of the second phase of the Japanese Research Program under Special Permit in the Western North Pacific (JAPRN II) in 2005 – Offshore component".
1001:
exceeded 14.6 m (48 ft) in length. The longest measured during JARPN II cruises in the North Pacific were a 16.32 m (53.5 ft) female and a 15 m (49 ft) male.
7258:
5022:"Report of two aerial surveys for marine mammals in California coastal waters utilizing a NOAA DeHavilland Twin Otter aircraft: March 9 – 7 April 1991, and February 8 – 6 April 1992"
985:
The sei whale is the third-largest balaenopterid, after the blue whale and the fin whale. Adults usually weigh between 15–20 t (15–20 long tons; 17–22 short tons). They exhibit
1450:
13.3–13.5 m (44–44 ft) at sexual maturity, while in the Southern Hemisphere, males average 13.6 m (45 ft) and females 14 m (46 ft). The average age of
930:
that ranges in height from 38–90 cm (15–35 in) and averages 53–56 cm (21–22 in), about two-thirds of the way back from the tip of the rostrum. Dorsal fin shape,
3519:
Nemoto, T.; A. Kawamura (1977). "Characteristics of food habits and distribution of baleen whales with special reference to the abundance of North Pacific sei and Bryde's whales".
3274:
Whale hunting with gun and camera; a naturalist's account of the modern shore-whaling industry, of whales and their habits, and of hunting experiences in various parts of the world
1520:
really nice to do that. Everybody talked about it at the time I suppose, but it was money. At the end of the day that's what counted at the time. That's what we were there for."
5076:
1665:). The majority of the "sei" whales caught off Angola and Congo, as well as other nearby areas in equatorial West Africa, are thought to have been predominantly misidentified
1981:
Appendix II, indicating they are not immediately threatened with extinction, but may become so if they are not listed. Populations in the Southern Hemisphere are listed in
1759:
from May to June in 2008 and 2009 made their way to the Labrador Sea, while an eighth individual tagged in September 2009 headed southeast – its signal was lost between
4184:
2519:
Flower, W. H. (1865). "Notes on the skeletons of whales in the principal museums of Holland and Belgium, with descriptions of two species apparently new to science".
1324:, with 100% of individuals sampled off California, South Africa, and South Georgia having them; these scars have also been found on sei whales captured off Finnmark.
1500:, which had previously been attributed to fin whales. Between 2005 and 2007, low frequency downswept vocalizations were recorded in the Great South Channel, east of
4752:
2010:
Sei whales were said to have been scarce in the 1960s and early 1970s off northern Norway. One possible explanation for this disappearance is that the whales were
451:, while the Southern Hemisphere population is listed under CITES Appendix I, indicating that they are threatened and are given the highest levels of protection.
4947:
Cattanach, K.L.; J. Sigurjonsson; S.T. Buckland; Th. Gunnlaugsson (1993). "Sei whale abundance in the North Atlantic, estimated from NASS-87 and NASS-89 data".
4362:
Olsen, E.; Budgell, P.; Head, E.; Kleivane, L.; Nøttestad, L.; Prieto, R.; et al. (2009). "First satellite-tracked long-distance movement of a sei whale (
907:
are relatively short, only 9–10% of body length, and pointed at the tips. Sei whales have a solitary ridge extending from the tip of the rostrum to the paired
4778:
Clapham, P.; et al. (2002). "Relevance of JARPN II to management, and a note on scientific standards. Report of the IWC Scientific Committee, Annex Q1".
1849:
shelf in the late 1960s and early 1970s by Canadian whalers, and off the coast of West Greenland from the 1920s to the 1950s by Norwegian and Danish whalers.
2537:
Perrin, William F., James G. Mead, and Robert L. Brownell, Jr. "Review of the evidence used in the description of currently recognized cetacean subspecies".
2113:
1857:
In the North Pacific, the total reported catch by commercial whalers was 72,215 between 1910 and 1975; the majority were taken after 1947. Shore stations in
1568:
and the Gulf of Mexico, which are both considered to be small waterbodies. Sei whales are pelagic and are typically found in basins in oceans or open seas.
1134:
1826:. Their meat was a popular Norwegian food. The meat's value made the hunting of this difficult-to-catch species profitable in the early twentieth century.
4967:
435: during the late 19th and 20th centuries, when over 255,000 whales were killed, the sei whale is now internationally protected. It is listed as
3815:
Baumgartner, M.F.; Van Parijs, S.M.; Wenzel, F.W.; Tremblay, C.J.; Esch, H.C.; Ward, A.A. (2008). "Low frequency vocalizations attributed to sei whales (
3384:
2819:
Shevchenko, V.I. (1977). "Application of white scars to the study of the location and migrations of sei whale populations in Area III of the Antarctic".
989:, with females outweighing and being longer than their male counterparts. At birth, a calf typically measures 4.4–4.5 m (14–15 ft) in length.
397:
surface has sporadic markings ranging from light grey to white, and its body is usually dark steel grey in colour. It is among the fastest of all
4489:
Barlow, J.; K. A. Forney; P. S. Hill; R. L. Brownell Jr.; J. V. Carretta; D. P. DeMaster; F. Julian; M. S. Lowry; T. Ragen & R. R. Reeves (1997).
4065:
1934:
was closed by its owners after a covert investigation and protests lead to prosecution by authorities for handling an endangered/protected species.
1606:, revealing a possible link between these areas, but the lack of other tag recovery data makes these two cases inconclusive. Occurrences within the
1598:
estimated that the eastern North Pacific population stood at 374 whales. Two whales tagged in deep waters off California were later recaptured off
1966:
for individual species. Before quotas, there were no legal limits. Complete protection from commercial whaling in the North Pacific came in 1976.
953:
Adults have 300–380 ashy-black baleen plates on each side of the mouth, up to 80 cm (31 in) long. Each plate is made of fingernail-like
7333:
385:. It can grow to 19.5 m (64 ft) in length and weigh as much as 28 t (28 long tons; 31 short tons). Two subspecies are recognized:
3131:
Thompson, D'Arcy Wentworth. "On whales landed at the Scottish whaling stations, especially during the years 1908–1914—Part VII. The sei-whale".
2868:
1088:
to obtain its average of about 900 kg (2,000 lb) of food each day. For an animal of its size, its preferred prey lies low within the
408: and tropical waters and semi-enclosed bodies of water. The sei whale migrates annually from cool, subpolar waters in summer to
5220:
3085:
1096:
and small fish. The whale's diet preferences has been determined from stomach analyses, direct observation of feeding behavior, and analyzing
7424:
7372:
2939:
Mead, J.G. (1977). "Records of sei and Bryde's whales from the Atlantic coast of the United States, the Gulf of Mexico, and the Caribbean".
1958:, and with an increasing population trend, as of 2018. The sei whale did not have meaningful international protection until 1970, when the
1789:
and steam-powered whaling ships in the late nineteenth century brought previously unobtainable large whales within the reach of commercial
1657:
in the South Pacific, while winter distribution is poorly known, with former winter whaling grounds being located off northeastern Brazil (
1618:, whales are not common, although whales were more commonly seen than today in southern part of Sea of Japan. There had been a sighting in
4915:
3558:"Biomechanically distinct filter-feeding behaviors distinguish sei whales as a functional intermediate and ecologically flexible species"
5228:
3413:
COSEWIC Assessment and Update Status Report: On the Sei Whale, Balaenoptera Borealis, Pacific Population, Atlantic Population, in Canada
844:. Little is known about when members of the various families in the Mysticeti, including the Balaenopteridae, diverged from each other.
3020:"Special Issue: The Great Whales: History and Status of Six Species Listed as Endangered Under the U.S. Endangered Species Act of 1973"
2968:
1292:
were only found on 8% of sei whales caught off California and 4% of those taken off South Georgia and South Africa. The pseudo-stalked
5080:
7566:
1365:, which was found in 40% of sei whales sampled off California; it was also found in individuals off South Georgia and Finnmark) and
7591:
7307:
5234:
Official website of the Agreement on the Conservation of Cetaceans in the Black Sea, Mediterranean Sea and Contiguous Atlantic Area
4122:
3556:
Segre, Paolo S.; Weir, Caroline R.; Stanworth, Andrew; Cartwright, Steve; Friedlaender, Ari S.; Goldbogen, Jeremy A. (1 May 2021).
2342:
1805:, blue whales, fin whales, and humpback whales became depleted, sei whales were hunted in earnest, particularly from 1950 to 1980.
2678:"The chronology of mysticete diversification (Mammalia, Cetacea, Mysticeti): Body size, morphological evolution and global change"
7596:
7346:
4392:
Prieto, Rui, Monica A. Silva, Martine Berube, Per J. Palsbøll (2012). "Migratory destinations and sex composition of sei whales (
3680:
Ecological Characterization of the Central and Northern California Coastal Region: pt.1. Regional characterization. pt.2. Species
3364:
Weinrich, M.T.; C.R. Belt; M.R. Schilling; M. Marcy (1986). "Behavior of sei whales in the southern Gulf of Maine, summer 1986".
2735:
4202:"Predicting suitable coastal habitat for sei whales, southern right whales and dolphins around the Falkland or Malvinas Islands"
7586:
7571:
4616:
394:
7473:
7390:
5184:
4824:
4049:
3987:
3901:
3424:
3297:
2914:
2467:
2159:
7351:
3755:
2731:
1355:
was commonly found in the baleen of sei whales taken off South Georgia (nearly 85%). They often carry heavy infestations of
7525:
5000:"Report of a marine mammal survey of the California coast aboard the research vessel "MacArthur" July 28 – 5 November 1991"
4181:
2492:
Histoire naturelle générale et particulière des mammifères et des oiseaux découverts depuis 1788 jusqu'à nos jours: Cétacés
2377:
4756:
2044:
9,718 whales based upon survey data between 1978 and 1988. Prior to commercial whaling, there were an estimated 65,000.
1793:. Initially, the sei whale's speed and elusiveness partially protected them, and later the comparatively small yield of
914:
Its skin is often marked by pits or wounds, which after healing become white scars. These are now known to be caused by
7611:
7601:
7294:
4932:
Jonsgård, Å. (1974). "On whale exploitation in the eastern part of the North Atlantic Ocean". In W. E. Schevill (ed.).
3019:
7437:
5265:
5171:
5158:
5136:
4676:
4568:
4165:
4008:
3919:
Amending the Atlantic Large Whale Take Reduction Plan, Broad-based Gear Modifications: Environmental Impact Statement
1991:
1595:
347:
5103:
2141:
7538:
7530:
6305:
1959:
1299:
was found on 9% of individuals caught off California; it was also found on a sei whale taken off South Africa. The
75:
4593:
3917:
3541:
Rice, D.W. (1977). "Synopsis of biological data on the sei whale and Bryde's whale in the eastern North Pacific".
7606:
7429:
7184:
6287:
4641:
7224:
3287:
1727:
and follows the continental slope northward in spring. Large females lead the northward migration and reach the
7011:
4135:
Weir, C.R. (2010). "A review of cetacean occurrence in West African waters from the Gulf of Guinea to Angola".
3891:
1897:
1720:
508:
described Rudolphi's specimen under the name "rorqual du Nord". In 1828, Rene Lesson translated this term into
3683:. Office of Biological Services, Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Department of the Interior. 1981. p. 52.
3678:
3388:
7411:
6428:
6153:
6144:
3500:. Reykjavik Conference on Responsible Fisheries in the Marine Ecosystem, Reykjavik, Iceland, 1–4 October 2001
1626:
in whaling days, making the area well known as sei – ground. There had been sightings of the species off the
935:
2047:
Mass death events for sei whales have been recorded for many years and evidence suggests endemic poisoning (
1481:
range, well within the range of human hearing. The maximum volume of the vocal sequences is reported as 156
6957:
5974:
5965:
5897:
5146:. Encyclopedia of Earth, National Council for Science and Environment; content partner Encyclopedia of Life
5045:
Braham, H. (1992). Endangered whales: Status update (Report). Alaska Fisheries Science Center, Seattle, WA.
2575:"Whole-genome sequencing of the blue whale and other rorquals finds signatures for introgressive gene flow"
1046:
4096:
7385:
7232:
7206:
7056:
6984:
6195:
6162:
5924:
5238:
5021:
4999:
4490:
2402:
2035:
1752:
112:
7237:
3618:
Lockyer, C.; A.R. Martin (1983). "The sei whale off western Iceland. II. Age, growth and reproduction".
2655:
1874:
shore stations processed 386 whales. Commercial Sei whaling ended in the eastern North Pacific in 1971.
1334:) films on sei whales are rare, having been found on sei whales taken off California and South Georgia.
7089:
7080:
6007:
5415:
4272:
Mitchell, E.; D.G. Chapman (1977). "Preliminary assessment of stocks of northwest Atlantic sei whales (
3411:
2490:
1908:
1345:
infests the baleen of sei whales caught off California, South Georgia, South Africa, and Finnmark. The
233:
3698:
2677:
7581:
7543:
7452:
6975:
6930:
6898:
6889:
6874:
6865:
6715:
6314:
6171:
5424:
5214:
3313:
Watkins, W.A.; W.E. Schevill (1979). "Aerial observations of feeding behavior in four baleen whales:
2887:
2302:
2268:
1128:
1009:
Hemisphere whales average 17–18.5 t (16.7–18.2 long tons; 18.7–20.4 short tons) in body weight.
3492:
1320:
were rarely found on sei whales off California (only 0.8%). They often bear scars from the bites of
7113:
7104:
7038:
7002:
6966:
6939:
6815:
6488:
6437:
6222:
5807:
2214:
2052:
1887:
1976, this number had dropped to below 2,000 and commercial whaling for the species ended in 1977.
7403:
1641:
coasts. In the Southern Hemisphere, summer distribution based upon historic catch data is between
7504:
6824:
6632:
5816:
2307:
2273:
1813:
1591:
1199:
845:
4041:
4033:
3599:
Collect, R. (1886). "On the external characters of Rudolphi's rorqual (Balaenoptera borealis)".
1711:
as early as the first week of June may move farther northward and arrive at waters southwest of
1242:). Off central California, they mainly feed on anchovies between June and August, and on krill (
7491:
7338:
7146:
7029:
6993:
6948:
6833:
6641:
5718:
5700:
4647:(Press release). The Institute of Cetacean Research, Tokyo, Japan. 1 March 2002. Archived from
3697:
McDonald, M.; Hildebrand, J.; Wiggins, S.; Thiele, D.; Glasgow, D.; Moore, S. (December 2005).
3152:
Martin, A.R. (1983). "The sei whale off western Iceland. I. Size, distribution and abundance".
1995:
1736:
1549:
32:
7198:
4912:
4682:(Press release). The Institute of Cetacean Research, Tokyo, Japan. 20 May 2002. Archived from
1739:
into that area. Some evidence from tagging data indicates individuals return off the coast of
1246:) during September and October. In the Southern Hemisphere, prey species include the copepods
7576:
7486:
7211:
6255:
6246:
5478:
5258:
2454:, Handbook of the Mammals of Europe, Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 1–31,
2323:
2281:
2030:
1700:
1271:
1179:
217:
2984:
2867:
Schilling, M.R.; I. Seipt; M.T. Weinrich; S.E. Frohock; A.E. Kuhlberg; P.J. Clapham (1992).
1882:
A total of 152,233 were taken in the Southern Hemisphere between 1910 and 1979. Whaling in
1590:
latitude in the summer. Approximately 75% of the North Pacific population lives east of the
472:; "finner" was a common term used to refer to rorquals. It has also been referred to as the
7281:
7193:
6724:
6650:
5888:
5406:
4946:
4876:
4569:"Overview of Laws and Regulations Protecting Whales | Animal Legal & Historical Center"
4213:
4110:
Sei Whales in the Adjacent Waters of Japan. II. Further Studies on the External Characters.
3828:
3781:
3713:
2689:
2632:
2588:
2149:
1942:
1703:
in August and September, and a southbound migration begins moving west and south along the
1310:
1118:
525:
7364:
4294:
Jonsgård, Å.; K. Darling (1977). "On the biology of the eastern North Atlantic sei whale,
4003:
1084:
The sei whale feeds near the surface of the ocean, swimming on its side through swarms of
8:
7065:
7020:
6733:
6461:
5948:
5864:
5855:
5727:
5056:
IWC (1996). "Report of the sub-committee on Southern Hemisphere baleen whales, Annex E".
2551:
Guldberg, G.A. (1885). "On the existence of a fourth species of the genus Balaenoptera".
2118:
1654:
1650:
1646:
1642:
1587:
1583:
1576:
1572:
1474:
1034:
60:
4880:
4797:
4217:
3832:
3785:
3717:
2693:
2592:
2354:
904:
404:
It inhabits most oceans and adjoining seas, and prefers deep offshore waters. It avoids
7263:
7047:
6512:
6503:
6270:
6079:
6070:
6055:
6046:
5906:
5840:
5831:
5775:
5766:
5469:
5142:
4972:
4894:
4244:
4201:
3797:
3737:
3346:
2713:
2609:
2574:
2430:
2100:
1955:
1866:
it became scarce in Japanese waters, ending commercial whaling in the country by 1975.
1780:
1662:
1658:
1607:
1599:
1406:
1321:
1042:
994:
915:
908:
829:
493:
436:
432:
401:, and can reach speeds of up to 50 km/h (31 mph) over short distances.
359:
277:
107:
4516:
Tillman, M.F. (1977). "Estimates of population size for the North Pacific sei whale".
4343:
in the Denmark Strait (June–July 1981) and recent marking and sightings off Iceland".
4078:
1715:
later in the summer. In the northeast Atlantic, the sei whale winters as far south as
1337:
Due to their diverse diet, endoparasites are frequent and abundant in sei whales. The
1061:
7245:
6913:
6595:
6586:
5998:
5915:
5626:
5617:
5180:
5167:
5154:
5132:
4820:
4731:
4413:
Sigurjónsson, J. (1988). "Operational factors of the Icelandic large whale fishery".
4249:
4231:
4148:
4045:
3983:
3897:
3854:
3729:
3579:
3420:
3293:
2717:
2705:
2614:
2509:. Vol. 1. Mammalia, birds (J. Richardson and J. E. Gray, eds.). E. W. Jansen, London.
2463:
2422:
2262:
2191:
2165:
2155:
2108:
1842:
1565:
1442:
months, or one year. During the breeding period, a mating pair will remain together.
986:
900:
794:
464:
443:, despite increasing populations. The Northern Hemisphere population is listed under
264:
4066:
Recent sei whale (Balaenoptera borealis) sightings in the Gulf of California, Mexico
3801:
2701:
2434:
2401:
Haberland, Christian; Hampe, Oliver; Autenrieth, Marijke; Voß, Manja (1 July 2019).
1068:, shrimp-like marine invertebrate animals, are one of the sei whale's primary foods.
7442:
6848:
6770:
6761:
6751:
6470:
6411:
6296:
6127:
5523:
5505:
5496:
5251:
5190:
Oudejans, M. G.; Visser, F. (2010). "First confirmed record of a living sei whale (
4898:
4884:
4721:
4710:"Japan's Introduction from the Sea of Sei Whale Meat: the Breaking Point of CITES?"
4375:
4239:
4221:
4144:
3844:
3836:
3789:
3741:
3721:
3569:
3338:
3067:
2773:
2697:
2604:
2596:
2579:
2459:
2455:
2448:
Prieto, Rui; Weir, Caroline R. (2020), Hackländer, Klaus; Zachos, Frank E. (eds.),
2414:
2311:
2209:
2072:
2011:
1830:
1666:
1603:
1561:
1545:
1385:
1023:
817:
517:
333:
298:
7250:
4488:
3793:
3171:
Mitchell, E.D. (1975). "Preliminary report on Nova Scotia fishery for sei whales (
2795:"Sei whale (Balaenoptera borealis) - MarLIN - The Marine Life Information Network"
2026:'s 1977 population estimates were between 1,393 and 2,248, with a minimum of 870.
7460:
6231:
6213:
6204:
6094:
5709:
5691:
5673:
5541:
4919:
4470:
Aguilar, A.; S. Lens (1981). "Preliminary report on Spanish whaling operations".
4457:
Rapports et Procès-verbaux des réunions, Cons. Perm. Int. L'Explor. Mer, Vol. LVI
4226:
4188:
4169:
2449:
1987:
1911:, dispute the value of this research, claiming that sei whales feed primarily on
1623:
1619:
1541:
1451:
1371:
587:
7517:
7416:
7377:
2866:
1633:
Sei whales have been recorded from northern Indian Ocean as well such as around
6112:
5879:
5751:
5742:
5589:
5580:
5312:
4455:
Ingebrigtsen, A. (1929). "Whales caught in the North Atlantic and other seas".
4109:
3754:
Direct comparisons of sounds in water to sounds in air can be complicated, see
3696:
3071:
2418:
2086:
2019:
1883:
1764:
1751:, traveled more than 4,000 km (2,500 mi) to the Labrador Sea via the
1728:
1675:
1615:
1557:
1356:
1300:
1109:
885:
809:
738:
505:
4099:. Bulletin of the Shiretoko Museum 27: pp.37-46. Retrieved on 16 December 2015
4068:. Aquatic Mammals 1996, 22.2, pp.127-130 (pdf). Retrieved on February 24, 2017
2794:
1930:
In 2010, a Los Angeles exclusive sushi restaurant confirmed to be serving sei
1492:
In November 2002, scientists recorded calls in the presence of sei whales off
1283:
Ectoparasites and epibiotics are rare on sei whales. Species of the parasitic
7560:
7359:
7169:
6705:
6530:
5933:
5658:
5607:
5374:
5365:
4735:
4726:
4709:
4379:
4235:
3872:
3583:
3363:
3058:
Lockyer, C. (February 1976). "Body weights of some species of large whales".
2709:
2572:
2426:
2315:
2200:
2145:
1963:
1951:
1696:
1692:
1505:
1486:
1415:
1361:
1338:
1207:
1139:
1073:
1005:(48 ft) and 15 m (49 ft), in males and females, respectively.
880:
848:
suggests that sei and blue whales are closely related, with gray whales as a
485:
440:
413:
80:
4840:
Best, P.B. (1992). "Catches of fin whales in the North Atlantic by the M.V.
3031:
2983:. Silver Spring, Maryland: National Marine Fisheries Service. Archived from
2169:
1528:
942:, or lobe, is relatively small in relation to the size of the whale's body.
7299:
6788:
6351:
6342:
6332:
5460:
5340:
5324:
4753:"Japanese Scientific Whaling: Irresponsible Science, Irresponsible Whaling"
4253:
4162:
3858:
3733:
2618:
2600:
2236:
2029:
A 1977 study estimated Pacific Ocean totals of 9,110, based upon catch and
1971:
1744:
1708:
1688:
1627:
1611:
1513:
1102:
849:
837:
370:
194:
4683:
1375:, found in sei whales off California and South Georgia) in the intestine,
564:. In 1884–85, the Norwegian scientist G. A. Guldberg first identified the
7499:
7465:
7398:
7320:
7178:
6549:
5790:
5389:
5318:
5243:
4677:"Japan's senior whale scientist responds to New York Times advertisement"
4004:"SEI WHALE (Balaenoptera borealis borealis): Eastern North Pacific Stock"
2296:
2023:
1924:
1846:
1802:
1756:
1716:
1704:
1509:
1467:
1316:
1093:
825:
600:
425:
405:
164:
7273:
4968:"Scientists stumble across endangered whale not seen in Canada in years"
3952:
Masaki, Y. (1976). "Biological studies on the North Pacific sei whale".
969:
939:
7312:
5565:
5556:
5514:
5355:
4546:
Pike, G.C; I.B. MacAskie (1969). "Marine mammals of British Columbia".
3574:
3557:
3350:
2778:
2757:
2573:Árnason, U.; Lammers, F.; Kumar, V.; Nilsson, M. A.; Janke, A. (2018).
2040:
1931:
1871:
1798:
1724:
1669:. For example, Ruud (1952) found that 42 of the "sei whale" caught off
1556:. The southernmost confirmed records are strandings along the northern
1089:
1031:
927:
860:
813:
691:
529:
448:
378:
4648:
3840:
3725:
489:
7325:
6806:
6668:
5532:
5151:
Whales & Dolphins Guide to the Biology and Behaviour of Cetaceans
4889:
4864:
3849:
3250:
Edds, P.L.; T.J. MacIntyre; R. Naveen (1984). "Notes on a sei whale (
1835:
1794:
1712:
1634:
1553:
1419:
1390:
1330:
1227:
1113:
1085:
853:
821:
718:
409:
398:
382:
124:
7140:
5229:
World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) – species profile for the Sei Whale
3342:
2018:
stocks during the late 1960s may be another culprit. Surveys in the
528:
named a 14 m (46 ft) specimen that had been obtained from
412:, subtropical waters in winter with a lifespan of 70 years. It is a
7163:
6567:
6540:
6452:
6393:
6186:
5989:
5306:
5294:
4977:
3814:
3448:
3106:
Dolphins, Porpoises and Whales of the World: The IUCN Red Data Book
2048:
1916:
1823:
1579:
1501:
1397:, found in 38% of individuals caught off California) in the liver.
1376:
1349:
1304:
1293:
1288:
1267:
1235:
977:
569:
488:
initially identified a 9.8 m (32 ft) whale stranded near
417:
144:
3410:
Canada, Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in (2003).
3017:
2873:
during an episodic influx into the southern Gulf of Maine in 1986"
2154:(3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 723–743.
949:
Close-up view of baleen plates, used to strain food from the water
856:
between minke whales and the ancestors of the blue and sei whale.
7286:
6613:
6479:
6375:
6366:
6022:
5442:
5275:
3873:"South Georgia: The lost whaling station at the end of the world"
3494:
Competition for food in the Ocean: Man and other apical predators
3249:
2151:
Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference
2015:
1790:
1786:
1776:
1760:
1740:
1622:, and whales were much more abundant in the triangle area around
1482:
1446:
1366:
1346:
1284:
1215:
1187:
1142:, it feeds on similar zooplankton, including the copepod species
1050:
1038:
1027:
998:
954:
931:
841:
805:
374:
184:
174:
46:
7478:
4530:
3637:
Lockyer, C. (1977). "Some estimates of growth in the sei whale,
3449:
Mizroch, S.A.; D.W. Rice; J.M. Breiwick (1984). "The Sei Whale,
7219:
6103:
5300:
5288:
4755:(Press release). WWF-International. 1 June 2005. Archived from
4040:. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. pp.
3768:
Rankin, S.; Barlow, J. (2007). "Vocalizations of the sei whale
2403:"Balaenoptera borealis Lesson, 1828: rediscovery of a holotype"
1946:
Member states of the International Whaling Commission (in blue)
1748:
1699:
by mid- to late- June. They are present off the south coast of
1411:
1325:
1077:
923:
154:
134:
4112:
Scientific Report of the Whales Research Institute, 9, 89-103.
1649:
latitude in the South Atlantic and southern Indian Oceans and
1314:
were each only found on 0.4% of whales caught off California.
840:, also called the whalebone whales, as long ago as the middle
7512:
6687:
6678:
6577:
5129:
National Audubon Society Guide to Marine Mammals of the World
3471:
1982:
1978:
1912:
1901:
1862:
1858:
1670:
1638:
1478:
1123:
1097:
1065:
895:
444:
421:
97:
91:
3555:
3419:. Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada.
2676:
Bisconti, M.; Pellegrino, L.; Carnevale, G. (1 April 2023).
934:
pattern, and scarring have been used to a limited extent in
6623:
6031:
5233:
5019:
4936:. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. pp. 97–107.
2966:
2675:
2400:
1920:
1497:
1493:
533:
520:, ignoring Lesson's designation, named Rudolphi's specimen
339:
3980:
The sei whale: population biology, ecology, and management
3312:
447:
Appendix II, which indicates they are not threatened with
5656:
3090:. NMFS, Scientific Publications Office. 1984. p. 27.
2080:
1458:
is 8–10 years. The whales can reach ages up to 70 years.
1455:
945:
808:(family Balaenopteridae), baleen whales that include the
4361:
4271:
2505:
Gray, J. E. 1846. On the cetaceous animals. pp. 1–53 in
1829:
In Iceland, a total of 2,574 whales were taken from the
1707:
shelf from mid-September to mid-November. Whales in the
911:
that are a distinctive characteristic of baleen whales.
548:—in 1946 the Russian scientist A.G. Tomilin synonymized
5338:
5215:
US National Marine Fisheries Service Sei Whale web page
4622:. The Humane Society of the United States. pp. 3–4
4594:"WWF condemns Iceland's announcement to resume whaling"
4289:
4287:
4267:
4265:
4263:
2353:. American Cetacean Society. March 2004. Archived from
1743:
on an annual basis. An individual satellite-tagged off
4714:
International Journal of Law and Public Administration
4545:
4316:
Kapel, F.O. (1985). "On the occurrence of sei whales (
4293:
3922:. Environmental Impact Statement. 2007. pp. 4–62.
3617:
2022:
found 1,290 whales in 1987, and 1,590 whales in 1989.
3613:
3611:
3609:
3518:
3125:
2507:
The zoology of the voyage of H.M.S. Erebus and Terror
2114:
Pacific Islands Cetaceans Memorandum of Understanding
1845:, beginning in the 1920s by Spanish whalers, off the
1178:. In addition, it eats larger organisms, such as the
348:
336:
4997:
4798:"L.A. eatery charged with serving whale meat closes"
4491:"U.S. Pacific marine mammal stock assessments: 1996"
4284:
4260:
4200:
Baines, Mick; Weir, Caroline R. (23 December 2020).
3937:
Lesson, 1828". In S.H. Ridgway; R. Harrison (eds.).
2568:
2566:
2375:
2062:
524:, which others followed. In 1865, British zoologist
484:
On 21 February 1819, Swedish-born German naturalist
5104:"Dead whales in Pacific could be fault of the Blob"
4708:Jayne Lyman, Erica; Jamin, Olivier (22 June 2018).
2294:
2260:
1919:which are not hunted by humans, and only rarely on
961:smooth rostrum, the sei whale's rostrum is curved.
4469:
3606:
2295:
2261:
1389:, nearly 60% of whales taken off California), and
997:in July 1911 is doubted. Five specimens taken off
889:A sei whale showing distinctive upright dorsal fin
4596:(Press release). WWF-International. 7 August 2003
4408:
4406:
3118:Skinner, J.D. and Christian T. Chimimba. (2006).
2635:. IberiaNature – Natural history facts and trivia
2563:
2014:. The drastic reduction in northeastern Atlantic
459:"Sei whale" is an anglicization of the Norwegian
7558:
4707:
4463:
4454:
4412:
4338:
4034:"Whales and whale research in the North Pacific"
3706:The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
3656:Risting, S (1928). "Whales and whale foetuses".
2869:"Behavior of individually identified sei whales
2818:
2755:
2663:McGraw-Hill Yearbook of Science & Technology
377:species, and the third-largest member after the
3177:Reports of the International Whaling Commission
3018:S.L. Perry; D.P. DeMaster; G.K. Silber (1999).
2834:
2832:
2830:
5189:
5077:"337 Whales Beached in Largest Stranding Ever"
4862:
4403:
4332:
3120:The Mammals of the Southern African Sub-region
3053:
3051:
3049:
2215:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T2475A130482064.en
1977:Northern Hemisphere populations are listed in
1540:In the North Atlantic, its range extends from
1049:than other whale species; they rarely exhibit
5259:
5131:, Reeves, Stewart, Clapham and Powell, 2002,
4515:
4431:
4163:SEI Whale at Beagle canal, Ushuaia, Argentina
3692:
3690:
3465:
2967:Reeves, R.; G. Silber; M. Payne (July 1998).
2912:
2766:Journal of Northwest Atlantic Fishery Science
2653:
1817:A sei whale (foreground) caught off Finnmark.
1512:shelf waters, the mid-Atlantic Bight, and in
863:have been identified—the northern sei whale (
476:because it somewhat resembles the fin whale.
416:, with its diet consisting primarily of
5101:
5040:
5038:
4931:
4511:
4509:
4507:
4339:Sigurjónsson, J. (1983). "The cruise of the
4097:Whales, Dolphins and Porpoises off Shiretoko
3973:
3971:
3969:
3967:
3821:Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
3767:
3699:"Sei whale sounds recorded in the Antarctic"
3444:
3442:
3440:
3438:
3436:
3385:"New Research Method May Ease Whale Killing"
3232:
3230:
3228:
3164:
3151:
3122:. Cambridge University Press, Third Edition.
3099:
3097:
2862:
2860:
2858:
2827:
2758:"On the feeding mechanism of the sei whale (
2451:Sei Whale Balaenoptera borealis Lesson, 1828
2139:
993:caught 80 km (50 mi) northwest of
5239:Voices in the Sea – Sounds of the Sei Whale
5020:Carretta, J. V. & K. A. Forney (1993).
5013:
4925:
4905:
4856:
4814:
4780:Journal of Cetacean Research and Management
4777:
4586:
4315:
4123:A CATALOGUE OF INDIAN MARINE MAMMAL RECORDS
3977:
3941:. London: Academic Press. pp. 155–170.
3932:
3636:
3289:Endangered Wildlife and Plants of the World
3285:
3206:
3187:
3147:
3145:
3143:
3141:
3112:
3046:
2189:
1278:
5273:
5266:
5252:
5194:(Lesson, 1828)) in Irish coastal waters".
5044:
4940:
4839:
4819:. Seattle, WA: Univ. of Washington Press.
4614:
4311:
4309:
4199:
4031:
3951:
3926:
3687:
3655:
3595:
3593:
3540:
3490:
3387:. National Geographic News. Archived from
3238:The Natural History of Whales and Dolphins
2938:
2812:
2531:
2447:
1890:
263:
69:
45:
31:
6759:
6713:
5141:Eds. C. Michael Hogan and C.J.Cleveland.
5035:
4888:
4771:
4725:
4671:
4669:
4535:. Oslo: Committee for Whaling Statistics.
4531:Committee for Whaling Statistics (1942).
4504:
4425:
4243:
4225:
3964:
3890:Tinker, Spencer Wilkie (1 January 1988).
3848:
3630:
3573:
3536:
3534:
3532:
3530:
3433:
3382:
3225:
3103:
3094:
2855:
2777:
2647:
2608:
2213:
2140:Mead, J. G.; Brownell, R. L. Jr. (2005).
1516:. It likely functions as a contact call.
1022:Very little is known about the sei whale
5166:, editors Perrin, Wursig and Thewissen,
5075:Howard, Brian Clark (20 November 2015).
4808:
4747:
4745:
4482:
3945:
3484:
3357:
3286:Corporation, Marshall Cavendish (2001).
3276:. New York: D. Appleton and Co., p. 128.
3170:
3138:
2838:
2550:
1941:
1812:
1527:
1060:
976:
968:
944:
884:
6538:
4991:
4833:
4306:
3649:
3590:
3306:
3057:
2962:
2960:
2958:
2956:
2954:
2952:
2950:
2934:
2932:
2736:Integrated Taxonomic Information System
2001:
7559:
6676:
5615:
5074:
5049:
4965:
4666:
4642:"Japan not catching endangered whales"
4634:
4539:
4524:
4432:Andrews, R.C. (1916). "The sei whale (
4025:
4011:Marine Mammal Stock Assessment Reports
3889:
3527:
3512:
3409:
3376:
3243:
3212:
3193:
2970:Draft Recovery Plan for the Fin Whale
2908:
2906:
2904:
2902:
2900:
2839:Matthews, L.H. (1938). "The sei whale
2518:
2488:
2185:
2183:
2181:
2179:
1937:
1877:
1523:
1418:, subtropical seas during the winter.
1045:protrude. The whale is generally less
7145:
7144:
5655:
5337:
5247:
5179:, Carwardine (1995, reprinted 2000),
5079:. National Geographic. Archived from
4817:Conservation and Management of Whales
4742:
4563:
4561:
3673:
3671:
3013:
3011:
3009:
3007:
3005:
2521:Proceedings of the Zoological Society
2337:
2335:
2333:
1594:. As of February 2017, the U.S.
1571:In the North Pacific, it ranges from
1017:
358:
16:Third-largest species of baleen whale
7453:1259e961-6d2a-4b68-9be6-fd49b7e1bbd3
6575:
5153:, Maurizio Wurtz and Nadia Repetto.
4998:Hill, P. S. & J. Barlow (1992).
4134:
3292:. Marshall Cavendish. p. 1645.
2947:
2929:
2724:
2369:
2324:participating institution membership
2282:participating institution membership
852:. This study also found significant
828:. Rorquals take their name from the
6621:
5221:images and movies of the sei whale
5055:
2897:
2756:Brodie, P.; Víkingsson, G. (2009).
2495:(in French). Baudouin. p. 442.
2201:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
2176:
2133:
938:studies. The tail is thick and the
13:
5121:
5102:On the Coast (14 September 2015).
5029:NOAA Technical Memo NMFS-SWFSC-185
5007:NOAA Technical Memo NMFS-SWFSC-169
4558:
4396:) transiting through the Azores".
4038:The Whale Problem: a status report
3939:Handbook of Marine Mammals, Vol. 3
3668:
3002:
2792:
2330:
1122:, with a secondary preference for
516:). In 1846, the English zoologist
504:). In 1823, the French naturalist
54:Size compared to an average human
14:
7623:
6288:Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphin (
5208:
4966:Rabson, Mia (26 September 2018).
4064:Gendron D.. Rosales C. S.. 1996.
4009:National Marine Fisheries Service
3982:. Kent, England: Croom Helm Ltd.
1992:National Marine Fisheries Service
1907:Conservation groups, such as the
1841:Small numbers were taken off the
1808:
1801:. Once stocks of more profitable
1596:National Marine Fisheries Service
7567:IUCN Red List endangered species
5095:
5068:
4959:
4790:
4533:International whaling statistics
4149:10.1111/j.1365-2907.2009.00153.x
4108:Omura, H. and Fujino, K. (1954)
4079:"Сейвал / Balaenoptera borealis"
2093:
2079:
2065:
1960:International Whaling Commission
1852:
1461:
332:
111:
7592:Cetaceans of the Atlantic Ocean
6429:Indo-Pacific finless porpoise (
6306:Tamanend's bottlenose dolphin (
6154:Indian Ocean humpback dolphin (
6145:Indo-Pacific humpback dolphin (
4701:
4608:
4448:
4386:
4355:
4193:
4174:
4155:
4128:
4115:
4102:
4089:
4071:
4058:
3996:
3933:Gambell, R. (1985). "Sei Whale
3910:
3883:
3865:
3808:
3761:
3748:
3562:Journal of Experimental Biology
3549:
3403:
3279:
3266:
3254:Lesson) sighted off Maryland".
3135:, nos. 85-96 (1919), pp. 37–46.
3078:
2786:
2749:
2702:10.1016/j.earscirev.2023.104373
2669:
2625:
2544:
2512:
2499:
2482:
2379:Whalebone Whales of New England
2343:"Sei Whale & Bryde's Whale
1962:first set catch quotas for the
1950:The sei whale is listed by the
1400:
1012:
7597:Cetaceans of the Pacific Ocean
5975:Southern right whale dolphin (
5966:Northern right whale dolphin (
5898:Atlantic white-sided dolphin (
5177:Whales, Dolphins and Porpoises
5164:Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals
4498:NOAA Tech. Mem. NMFS-SWFSC-248
4459:. Copenhagen: Høst & Fils.
3896:. Brill Archive. p. 281.
3060:ICES Journal of Marine Science
2539:NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS
2460:10.1007/978-3-319-65038-8_86-1
2441:
2394:
2288:
2254:
2229:
1898:Institute of Cetacean Research
1422:is estimated to vary around 10
1383:sp., California) and stomach (
1037:compared the sei whale to the
874:
1:
7587:Cetaceans of the Indian Ocean
7572:Cetaceans of the Arctic Ocean
7012:Deraniyagala's beaked whale (
6985:Ginkgo-toothed beaked whale (
6196:Pantropical spotted dolphin (
6163:Australian humpback dolphin (
5925:Pacific white-sided dolphin (
4320:) in West Greenland waters".
3954:Bull. Far Seas Fish. Res. Lab
3794:10.1080/09524622.2007.9753572
3383:Darby, A. (6 February 2002).
2376:Glover Morrill Allen (1916).
2127:
1785:The development of explosive
1258:, as well as the euphausiids
1184:Todarodes pacificus pacificus
6008:Australian snubfin dolphin (
5416:North Atlantic right whale (
4617:"Iceland's Whaling Comeback"
4227:10.1371/journal.pone.0244068
4036:. In Schervill, W.E. (ed.).
3272:Andrews, Roy Chapman. 1916.
2665:. The McGraw Hill Companies.
1681:
1186:, and small fish, including
454:
7:
6958:Blainville's beaked whale (
6899:Tropical bottlenose whale (
6875:Southern bottlenose whale (
6866:Northern bottlenose whale (
6315:Common bottlenose dolphin (
6172:Atlantic humpback dolphin (
5425:North Pacific right whale (
4844:(and associated vessels)".
3772:off the Hawaiian Islands".
3491:Tamura, T. (October 2001).
3236:Evans, Peter G. H. (1987).
2633:"Etymology of mammal names"
2058:
2036:Fisheries and Oceans Canada
1753:Charlie-Gibbs Fracture Zone
797:of six baleen whale species
479:
431:Following large-scale
10:
7628:
7057:Stejneger's beaked whale (
6438:Yangtze finless porpoise (
6223:Atlantic spotted dolphin (
5808:Short-finned pilot whale (
4913:Appendix I and Appendix II
4865:"Validity of whaling data"
4548:Fish. Res. Bd. Canada Bull
4366:) in the North Atlantic".
3030:(1): 52–58. Archived from
2541:(December 2009), pp. 1–35.
2419:10.1515/mammalia-2017-0149
2382:. Vol. 8. p. 234
1774:
1770:
1465:
1404:
1056:
878:
867:) and southern sei whale (
556:, creating the subspecies
502:Balaenoptera acutorostrata
306:Sibbaldius schlegelii
40:Sei whale mother and calf
7612:Endangered Fauna of China
7602:Mammals described in 1828
7153:
7102:
7090:Shepherd's beaked whale (
7078:
6911:
6887:
6846:
6804:
6787:
6750:
6704:
6667:
6633:Araguaian river dolphin (
6612:
6566:
6529:
6501:
6450:
6409:
6392:
6364:
6340:
6331:
6268:
6244:
6184:
6125:
6092:
6068:
6044:
6020:
5987:
5946:
5877:
5853:
5829:
5817:Long-finned pilot whale (
5788:
5764:
5740:
5689:
5672:
5668:
5651:
5606:
5578:
5554:
5458:
5441:
5387:
5363:
5354:
5350:
5333:
5283:
2886:: 749–755. Archived from
2303:Oxford English Dictionary
2269:Oxford English Dictionary
1630:during cetacean surveys.
1532:Beached sei whale carcass
1308:and the stalked barnacle
1154:, and euphausiid species
1129:Meganyctiphanes norvegica
732:
712:
705:
685:
678:
649:
627:
620:
613:
598:
591:
283:
276:
271:
262:
246:
241:
223:
216:
108:Scientific classification
106:
89:
67:
58:
53:
44:
39:
30:
25:
6976:Gervais's beaked whale (
6931:Sowerby's beaked whale (
6642:Bolivian river dolphin (
4727:10.11114/ijlpa.v1i1.3379
4380:10.1578/am.35.3.2009.313
4302:. Spec. Iss. 1: 124–129.
4280:. Spec. Iss. 1: 117–120.
3474:Fauna Norvegica Series A
3108:. Cambridge, U.K.: IUCN.
3072:10.1093/icesjms/36.3.259
2943:. Spec. Iss. 1: 113–116.
2823:. Spec. Iss. 1: 130–134.
2489:Lesson, René P. (1828).
2148:; Reeder, D. M. (eds.).
1582:in the winter, and from
1548:to Norway, and from the
1297:Xenobalanus globicipitis
1279:Parasites and epibiotics
1112:, it feeds primarily on
1047:active on water surfaces
973:Painting of a sei whale.
532:, on the north coast of
7114:Cuvier's beaked whale (
7039:Perrin's beaked whale (
7003:Hector's beaked whale (
6967:Ramari's beaked whale (
6940:Andrews' beaked whale (
6816:Arnoux's beaked whale (
6489:Burmeister's porpoise (
6256:Rough-toothed dolphin (
5680:(Oceanic dolphins)
5479:Antarctic minke whale (
5223:(Balaenoptera borealis)
4863:Yablokov, A.V. (1994).
4520:. Spec. Iss. 1: 98–106.
4438:Mem. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist
3658:Rapp. Cons. Explor. Mer
3601:Proc. Zool. Soc. London
3133:The Scottish Naturalist
3087:Marine Fisheries Review
3024:Marine Fisheries Review
2915:"Balaenoptera borealis"
2732:"Balaenoptera borealis"
2308:Oxford University Press
2274:Oxford University Press
1891:Post-protection whaling
1592:International Date Line
1564:. It rarely enters the
964:
846:Whole genome sequencing
7607:ESA endangered species
6825:Baird's beaked whale (
6725:Ganges river dolphin (
6651:Amazon river dolphin (
6032:Orca or killer whale (
5956:(Right whale dolphins)
5889:White-beaked dolphin (
5407:Southern right whale (
5031:. U.S. Dept. Commerce.
5009:. U.S. Dept. Commerce.
4786:(supplement): 395–396.
3645:. Spec. Iss. 1: 58–62.
3545:. Spec. Iss. 1: 92–97.
3523:. Spec. Iss. 1: 80–87.
3323:Megaptera novaeangliae
3104:Klinowska, M. (1991).
2917:. Animal Diversity Web
2913:Shefferly, N. (1999).
2654:Gingerich, P. (2004).
2601:10.1126/sciadv.aap9873
2316:10.1093/OED/1406967721
1996:Endangered Species Act
1947:
1818:
1725:coastal Western Sahara
1550:southern United States
1533:
1395:Lecithodesmus spinosus
1343:Balaenophilus unisetus
1069:
982:
974:
950:
890:
735:Megaptera novaeangliae
7487:Paleobiology Database
7264:balaenoptera-borealis
7225:balaenoptera-borealis
7212:Balaenoptera_borealis
7199:Balaenoptera_borealis
7185:Balaenoptera borealis
7155:Balaenoptera borealis
7066:Spade-toothed whale (
7030:True's beaked whale (
7021:Strap-toothed whale (
6994:Gray's beaked whale (
6949:Hubbs' beaked whale (
6834:Sato's beaked whale (
6734:Indus river dolphin (
6462:Spectacled porpoise (
6278:(Bottlenose dolphins)
5719:Heaviside's dolphin (
5701:Commerson's dolphin (
5506:Pygmy Bryde's whale (
5192:Balaenoptera borealis
4434:Balaenoptera borealis
4394:Balaenoptera borealis
4364:Balaenoptera borealis
4296:Balaenoptera borealis
4274:Balaenoptera borealis
4187:13 April 2016 at the
4168:13 April 2016 at the
4121:Sathasivam K.. 2015.
3935:Balaenoptera borealis
3817:Balaenoptera borealis
3770:Balaenoptera borealis
3758:for more information.
3639:Balaenoptera borealis
3451:Balaenoptera borealis
3327:Balaenoptera physalus
3319:Balaenoptera borealis
3252:Balaenoptera borealis
3173:Balaenoptera borealis
2976:Balaenoptera borealis
2972:Balaenoptera physalus
2871:Balaenoptera borealis
2841:Balaenoptera borealis
2760:Balaenoptera borealis
2682:Earth-Science Reviews
2345:Balaenoptera borealis
2208:: e.T2475A130482064.
2194:Balaenoptera borealis
2055:, may be implicated.
1945:
1816:
1531:
1372:Tetrabothrius affinis
1272:Themisto gaudichaudii
1256:Drepanopus pectinatus
1232:Trachurus symmetricus
1180:Japanese flying squid
1064:
980:
972:
948:
920:Isistius brasiliensis
888:
688:Eschrichtius robustus
522:Balaenoptera laticeps
514:Balaenoptera physalus
510:Balaenoptera borealis
366:Balaenoptera borealis
295:Balaenoptera laticeps
227:Balaenoptera borealis
7048:Pygmy beaked whale (
6921:(Mesoplodont whales)
6080:False killer whale (
6056:Melon-headed whale (
5776:Pygmy killer whale (
5470:Common minke whale (
5058:Rep. Int. Whal. Comm
4949:Rep. Int. Whal. Comm
4918:11 June 2011 at the
4846:Rep. Int. Whal. Comm
4815:Allen, K.R. (1980).
4518:Rep. Int. Whal. Comm
4472:Rep. Int. Whal. Comm
4415:Rep. Int. Whal. Comm
4345:Rep. Int. Whal. Comm
4322:Rep. Int. Whal. Comm
4318:Balenoptera borealis
4300:Rep. Int. Whal. Comm
4278:Rep. Int. Whal. Comm
3978:Horwood, J. (1987).
3643:Rep. Int. Whal. Comm
3620:Rep. Int. Whal. Comm
3543:Rep. Int. Whal. Comm
3521:Rep. Int. Whal. Comm
3215:Rep. Int. Whal. Comm
3196:Rep. Int. Whal. Comm
3154:Rep. Int. Whal. Comm
2941:Rep. Int. Whal. Comm
2821:Rep. Int. Whal. Comm
2357:on 27 September 2006
2237:"Appendices | CITES"
2190:Cooke, J.G. (2018).
2002:Population estimates
1838:, the prior target.
1610:have been fewer. In
1362:Bolbosoma turbinella
1311:Conchoderma virgatum
1264:Euphausia vallentini
1144:Neocalanus cristatus
1119:Calanus finmarchicus
936:photo-identification
916:cookie-cutter sharks
526:William Henry Flower
6856:(Bottlenose whales)
6596:Dwarf sperm whale (
6587:Pygmy sperm whale (
6419:(Finless porpoises)
6135:(Humpback dolphins)
5999:Irrawaddy dolphin (
5916:Hourglass dolphin (
5627:Pygmy right whale (
5083:on 21 November 2015
4881:1994Natur.367..108Y
4218:2020PLoSO..1544068B
4180:OceanSounds e.V. -
4032:Rice, D.W. (1974).
3893:Whales of the World
3833:2008ASAJ..124.1339B
3786:2007Bioac..16..137R
3718:2005ASAJ..118.3941M
3315:Eubalaena glacialis
2694:2023ESRv..23904373B
2593:2018SciA....4.9873A
2306:(Online ed.).
2272:(Online ed.).
2007:the North Pacific.
1938:Conservation status
1909:World Wildlife Fund
1878:Southern Hemisphere
1546:northwestern Africa
1524:Range and migration
1475:Antarctic Peninsula
1322:cookiecutter sharks
1192:Engraulis japonicus
1164:Thysanoessa inermis
1135:Thysanoessa inermis
1035:Roy Chapman Andrews
903:is pointed and the
373:. It is one of ten
314:Rudolphius laticeps
61:Conservation status
6771:La Plata dolphin (
6471:Harbour porpoise (
6440:N. asiaeorientalis
6297:Burrunan dolphin (
5865:Fraser's dolphin (
5728:Hector's dolphin (
4973:The Canadian Press
4689:on 9 December 2006
4654:on 28 October 2006
4573:www.animallaw.info
4083:www.zoosite.com.ua
3575:10.1242/jeb.238873
2893:on 31 August 2021.
2779:10.2960/j.v42.m646
2349:Balaenoptera edeni
2101:Marine life portal
1948:
1819:
1781:History of whaling
1608:Gulf of California
1534:
1407:Whale reproduction
1331:Cocconeis ceticola
1252:Calanus simillimus
1244:Euphausia pacifica
1156:Euphausia pacifica
1072:This rorqual is a
1070:
1018:Surface behaviours
983:
981:Sei whale skeleton
975:
951:
922:). It has a tall,
891:
494:Schleswig-Holstein
433:commercial whaling
7554:
7553:
7147:Taxon identifiers
7138:
7137:
7134:
7133:
7130:
7129:
7126:
7125:
6924:
6859:
6798:
6783:
6782:
6746:
6745:
6700:
6699:
6663:
6662:
6608:
6607:
6562:
6561:
6525:
6524:
6513:Dall's porpoise (
6422:
6403:
6388:
6387:
6327:
6326:
6281:
6232:Spinner dolphin (
6214:Striped dolphin (
6205:Clymene dolphin (
6138:
5959:
5907:Peale's dolphin (
5841:Risso's dolphin (
5801:
5710:Chilean dolphin (
5683:
5662:
5647:
5646:
5643:
5642:
5639:
5638:
5602:
5601:
5452:
5437:
5436:
5400:
5344:
5185:978-0-7513-2781-6
4934:The whale problem
4826:978-0-295-95706-7
4759:on 25 August 2006
4051:978-0-674-95075-7
4013:. 8 February 2017
3989:978-0-7099-4786-8
3903:978-0-935848-47-2
3841:10.1121/1.2945155
3726:10.1121/1.2130944
3603:, XVIII: 243-265.
3426:978-0-662-35374-4
3299:978-0-7614-7206-3
2845:Discovery Reports
2656:"Whale Evolution"
2469:978-3-319-65038-8
2322:(Subscription or
2280:(Subscription or
2161:978-0-8018-8221-0
2109:List of cetaceans
1843:Iberian Peninsula
1693:Northeast Channel
1566:Mediterranean Sea
1537:are most common.
1487:micropascal (μPa)
1260:Euphausia superba
1248:Neocalanus tonsus
1220:Scomber japonicus
1152:Calanus pacificus
1114:calanoid copepods
987:sexual dimorphism
802:
801:
798:
795:phylogenetic tree
786:
785:
777:
776:
768:
767:
759:
758:
750:
749:
667:
666:
324:
323:
318:
310:
302:
291:
101:
84:
7619:
7582:Mammals of Japan
7547:
7546:
7534:
7533:
7521:
7520:
7508:
7507:
7495:
7494:
7482:
7481:
7469:
7468:
7456:
7455:
7446:
7445:
7433:
7432:
7420:
7419:
7417:NBNSYS0000005162
7407:
7406:
7394:
7393:
7381:
7380:
7368:
7367:
7355:
7354:
7342:
7341:
7329:
7328:
7316:
7315:
7303:
7302:
7290:
7289:
7277:
7276:
7267:
7266:
7254:
7253:
7241:
7240:
7228:
7227:
7215:
7214:
7202:
7201:
7189:
7188:
7187:
7174:
7173:
7172:
7142:
7141:
6923:
6922:
6918:
6858:
6857:
6853:
6802:
6801:
6797:
6796:
6792:
6757:
6756:
6711:
6710:
6674:
6673:
6635:I. araguaiaensis
6619:
6618:
6573:
6572:
6552:P. macrocephalus
6536:
6535:
6421:
6420:
6416:
6407:
6406:
6402:
6401:
6397:
6338:
6337:
6280:
6279:
6275:
6137:
6136:
6132:
6113:Guiana dolphin (
5958:
5957:
5953:
5810:G. macrorhynchus
5800:
5799:
5795:
5752:Common dolphin (
5687:
5686:
5682:
5681:
5677:
5670:
5669:
5661:(Toothed whales)
5660:
5653:
5652:
5613:
5612:
5590:Humpback whale (
5472:B. acutorostrata
5456:
5455:
5451:
5450:
5446:
5399:
5398:
5394:
5361:
5360:
5352:
5351:
5342:
5335:
5334:
5268:
5261:
5254:
5245:
5244:
5203:
5116:
5115:
5113:
5111:
5099:
5093:
5092:
5090:
5088:
5072:
5066:
5065:
5053:
5047:
5046:
5042:
5033:
5032:
5026:
5017:
5011:
5010:
5004:
4995:
4989:
4988:
4986:
4984:
4963:
4957:
4956:
4944:
4938:
4937:
4929:
4923:
4909:
4903:
4902:
4892:
4890:10.1038/367108a0
4860:
4854:
4853:
4837:
4831:
4830:
4812:
4806:
4805:
4804:. 20 March 2010.
4794:
4788:
4787:
4775:
4769:
4768:
4766:
4764:
4749:
4740:
4739:
4729:
4705:
4699:
4698:
4696:
4694:
4688:
4681:
4673:
4664:
4663:
4661:
4659:
4653:
4646:
4638:
4632:
4631:
4629:
4627:
4621:
4615:Sandra Altherr.
4612:
4606:
4605:
4603:
4601:
4590:
4584:
4583:
4581:
4579:
4565:
4556:
4555:
4543:
4537:
4536:
4528:
4522:
4521:
4513:
4502:
4501:
4495:
4486:
4480:
4479:
4467:
4461:
4460:
4452:
4446:
4445:
4429:
4423:
4422:
4410:
4401:
4390:
4384:
4383:
4359:
4353:
4352:
4336:
4330:
4329:
4313:
4304:
4303:
4291:
4282:
4281:
4269:
4258:
4257:
4247:
4229:
4212:(12): e0244068.
4197:
4191:
4178:
4172:
4161:Daniel.Bisson –
4159:
4153:
4152:
4132:
4126:
4119:
4113:
4106:
4100:
4093:
4087:
4086:
4075:
4069:
4062:
4056:
4055:
4029:
4023:
4022:
4020:
4018:
4000:
3994:
3993:
3975:
3962:
3961:
3949:
3943:
3942:
3930:
3924:
3923:
3914:
3908:
3907:
3887:
3881:
3880:
3869:
3863:
3862:
3852:
3827:(2): 1339–1349.
3812:
3806:
3805:
3765:
3759:
3756:this description
3752:
3746:
3745:
3712:(6): 3941–3945.
3703:
3694:
3685:
3684:
3675:
3666:
3665:
3653:
3647:
3646:
3634:
3628:
3627:
3615:
3604:
3597:
3588:
3587:
3577:
3553:
3547:
3546:
3538:
3525:
3524:
3516:
3510:
3509:
3507:
3505:
3499:
3488:
3482:
3481:
3469:
3463:
3462:
3446:
3431:
3430:
3418:
3407:
3401:
3400:
3398:
3396:
3380:
3374:
3373:
3361:
3355:
3354:
3310:
3304:
3303:
3283:
3277:
3270:
3264:
3263:
3247:
3241:
3240:. Facts on File.
3234:
3223:
3222:
3210:
3204:
3203:
3191:
3185:
3184:
3168:
3162:
3161:
3149:
3136:
3129:
3123:
3116:
3110:
3109:
3101:
3092:
3091:
3082:
3076:
3075:
3055:
3044:
3043:
3041:
3039:
3015:
3000:
2999:
2997:
2995:
2989:
2982:
2964:
2945:
2944:
2936:
2927:
2926:
2924:
2922:
2910:
2895:
2894:
2892:
2877:
2864:
2853:
2852:
2836:
2825:
2824:
2816:
2810:
2809:
2807:
2805:
2799:www.marlin.ac.uk
2793:Barnes, Morvan.
2790:
2784:
2783:
2781:
2753:
2747:
2746:
2744:
2742:
2728:
2722:
2721:
2673:
2667:
2666:
2660:
2651:
2645:
2644:
2642:
2640:
2629:
2623:
2622:
2612:
2580:Science Advances
2570:
2561:
2560:
2553:J. Anat. Physiol
2548:
2542:
2535:
2529:
2528:
2516:
2510:
2503:
2497:
2496:
2486:
2480:
2479:
2478:
2476:
2445:
2439:
2438:
2398:
2392:
2391:
2389:
2387:
2373:
2367:
2366:
2364:
2362:
2339:
2328:
2327:
2319:
2299:
2292:
2286:
2285:
2277:
2265:
2258:
2252:
2251:
2249:
2247:
2233:
2227:
2226:
2224:
2222:
2217:
2187:
2174:
2173:
2137:
2103:
2098:
2097:
2096:
2089:
2084:
2083:
2075:
2073:Cetaceans portal
2070:
2069:
2068:
1737:Irminger Current
1604:British Columbia
1562:Greater Antilles
1441:
1440:
1436:
1431:
1430:
1426:
1386:Anisakis simplex
1379:in the kidneys (
1357:acanthocephalans
1317:Remora australis
1305:Coronula reginae
1266:and the pelagic
1240:Sebastes jordani
1224:S. australasicus
1126:, in particular
1092:; this includes
1024:social structure
869:B. b. schlegelii
792:
708:
707:
681:
680:
623:
622:
616:
615:
594:
593:
584:
583:
579:
578:
558:B. b. schlegelii
518:John Edward Gray
498:Balaena rostrata
474:lesser fin whale
391:B. b. schlegelii
362:
357:
351:
346:
345:
342:
341:
338:
316:
308:
297:
289:
287:Balaena rostrata
272:Sei whale range
267:
229:
209:B. borealis
116:
115:
95:
78:
73:
72:
49:
35:
23:
22:
7627:
7626:
7622:
7621:
7620:
7618:
7617:
7616:
7557:
7556:
7555:
7550:
7542:
7537:
7529:
7524:
7516:
7511:
7503:
7498:
7490:
7485:
7477:
7472:
7464:
7461:Observation.org
7459:
7451:
7449:
7441:
7436:
7428:
7423:
7415:
7410:
7402:
7397:
7389:
7384:
7376:
7371:
7363:
7358:
7350:
7345:
7337:
7332:
7324:
7319:
7311:
7306:
7298:
7293:
7285:
7280:
7272:
7270:
7262:
7257:
7249:
7244:
7236:
7231:
7223:
7218:
7210:
7205:
7197:
7192:
7183:
7182:
7177:
7168:
7167:
7162:
7149:
7139:
7122:
7098:
7074:
6960:M. densirostris
6920:
6919:
6917:
6907:
6883:
6855:
6854:
6852:
6842:
6795:(Beaked whales)
6794:
6793:
6791:
6779:
6742:
6696:
6659:
6604:
6558:
6521:
6497:
6446:
6431:N. phocaenoides
6418:
6417:
6415:
6399:
6398:
6396:
6384:
6360:
6323:
6277:
6276:
6274:
6264:
6240:
6234:S. longirostris
6216:S. coeruleoalba
6180:
6134:
6133:
6131:
6121:
6088:
6064:
6040:
6016:
6001:O. brevirostris
5983:
5955:
5954:
5952:
5942:
5934:Dusky dolphin (
5873:
5849:
5825:
5797:
5796:
5794:
5784:
5760:
5736:
5692:Cephalorhynchus
5679:
5678:
5676:
5664:
5635:
5598:
5592:M. novaeangliae
5574:
5550:
5524:Omura's whale (
5497:Bryde's whale (
5448:
5447:
5445:
5443:Balaenopteridae
5433:
5396:
5395:
5393:
5383:
5375:Bowhead whale (
5346:
5343:(Baleen whales)
5329:
5279:
5272:
5211:
5206:
5124:
5122:Further reading
5119:
5109:
5107:
5100:
5096:
5086:
5084:
5073:
5069:
5054:
5050:
5043:
5036:
5024:
5018:
5014:
5002:
4996:
4992:
4982:
4980:
4964:
4960:
4945:
4941:
4930:
4926:
4920:Wayback Machine
4910:
4906:
4861:
4857:
4838:
4834:
4827:
4813:
4809:
4796:
4795:
4791:
4776:
4772:
4762:
4760:
4751:
4750:
4743:
4706:
4702:
4692:
4690:
4686:
4679:
4675:
4674:
4667:
4657:
4655:
4651:
4644:
4640:
4639:
4635:
4625:
4623:
4619:
4613:
4609:
4599:
4597:
4592:
4591:
4587:
4577:
4575:
4567:
4566:
4559:
4544:
4540:
4529:
4525:
4514:
4505:
4493:
4487:
4483:
4468:
4464:
4453:
4449:
4430:
4426:
4411:
4404:
4391:
4387:
4368:Aquatic Mammals
4360:
4356:
4337:
4333:
4314:
4307:
4292:
4285:
4270:
4261:
4198:
4194:
4189:Wayback Machine
4179:
4175:
4170:Wayback Machine
4160:
4156:
4133:
4129:
4120:
4116:
4107:
4103:
4094:
4090:
4077:
4076:
4072:
4063:
4059:
4052:
4030:
4026:
4016:
4014:
4002:
4001:
3997:
3990:
3976:
3965:
3950:
3946:
3931:
3927:
3916:
3915:
3911:
3904:
3888:
3884:
3871:
3870:
3866:
3813:
3809:
3766:
3762:
3753:
3749:
3701:
3695:
3688:
3677:
3676:
3669:
3654:
3650:
3635:
3631:
3616:
3607:
3598:
3591:
3554:
3550:
3539:
3528:
3517:
3513:
3503:
3501:
3497:
3489:
3485:
3470:
3466:
3447:
3434:
3427:
3416:
3408:
3404:
3394:
3392:
3391:on 4 April 2002
3381:
3377:
3362:
3358:
3343:10.2307/1379766
3311:
3307:
3300:
3284:
3280:
3271:
3267:
3248:
3244:
3235:
3226:
3211:
3207:
3192:
3188:
3169:
3165:
3150:
3139:
3130:
3126:
3117:
3113:
3102:
3095:
3084:
3083:
3079:
3056:
3047:
3037:
3035:
3034:on 21 July 2011
3016:
3003:
2993:
2991:
2990:on 3 March 2016
2987:
2980:
2965:
2948:
2937:
2930:
2920:
2918:
2911:
2898:
2890:
2875:
2865:
2856:
2837:
2828:
2817:
2813:
2803:
2801:
2791:
2787:
2754:
2750:
2740:
2738:
2730:
2729:
2725:
2674:
2670:
2658:
2652:
2648:
2638:
2636:
2631:
2630:
2626:
2587:(4): eaap9873.
2571:
2564:
2549:
2545:
2536:
2532:
2517:
2513:
2504:
2500:
2487:
2483:
2474:
2472:
2470:
2446:
2442:
2399:
2395:
2385:
2383:
2374:
2370:
2360:
2358:
2341:
2340:
2331:
2321:
2293:
2289:
2279:
2259:
2255:
2245:
2243:
2235:
2234:
2230:
2220:
2218:
2188:
2177:
2162:
2142:"Order Cetacea"
2138:
2134:
2130:
2099:
2094:
2092:
2085:
2078:
2071:
2066:
2064:
2061:
2004:
1994:under the U.S.
1940:
1925:academic review
1893:
1884:southern oceans
1880:
1855:
1811:
1783:
1775:Main articles:
1773:
1684:
1624:Kunashir Island
1620:Golden Horn Bay
1542:southern Europe
1526:
1470:
1464:
1452:sexual maturity
1438:
1434:
1433:
1428:
1424:
1423:
1409:
1403:
1281:
1234:) and juvenile
1212:Cololabis saira
1204:Sardinops sagax
1116:, specifically
1059:
1030:. The American
1020:
1015:
967:
883:
877:
804:Sei whales are
787:
778:
769:
760:
751:
668:
588:Balaenopteridae
482:
457:
355:
349:
335:
331:
237:
231:
225:
212:
185:Balaenopteridae
110:
102:
85:
74:
70:
63:
17:
12:
11:
5:
7625:
7615:
7614:
7609:
7604:
7599:
7594:
7589:
7584:
7579:
7574:
7569:
7552:
7551:
7549:
7548:
7535:
7522:
7509:
7496:
7483:
7470:
7457:
7447:
7434:
7421:
7408:
7395:
7382:
7369:
7356:
7343:
7330:
7317:
7304:
7291:
7278:
7268:
7255:
7242:
7229:
7216:
7203:
7190:
7175:
7159:
7157:
7151:
7150:
7136:
7135:
7132:
7131:
7128:
7127:
7124:
7123:
7121:
7120:
7116:Z. cavirostris
7110:
7108:
7100:
7099:
7097:
7096:
7086:
7084:
7076:
7075:
7073:
7072:
7063:
7054:
7045:
7036:
7027:
7018:
7009:
7000:
6991:
6982:
6973:
6964:
6955:
6946:
6937:
6927:
6925:
6909:
6908:
6906:
6905:
6895:
6893:
6885:
6884:
6882:
6881:
6872:
6862:
6860:
6844:
6843:
6841:
6840:
6831:
6822:
6812:
6810:
6799:
6785:
6784:
6781:
6780:
6778:
6777:
6773:P. blainvillei
6767:
6765:
6754:
6748:
6747:
6744:
6743:
6741:
6740:
6731:
6721:
6719:
6708:
6702:
6701:
6698:
6697:
6695:
6694:
6684:
6682:
6671:
6665:
6664:
6661:
6660:
6658:
6657:
6653:I. geoffrensis
6648:
6644:I. boliviensis
6639:
6629:
6627:
6616:
6610:
6609:
6606:
6605:
6603:
6602:
6593:
6583:
6581:
6570:
6564:
6563:
6560:
6559:
6557:
6556:
6546:
6544:
6533:
6527:
6526:
6523:
6522:
6520:
6519:
6509:
6507:
6499:
6498:
6496:
6495:
6491:P. spinipinnis
6486:
6477:
6468:
6458:
6456:
6448:
6447:
6445:
6444:
6435:
6425:
6423:
6404:
6390:
6389:
6386:
6385:
6383:
6382:
6372:
6370:
6362:
6361:
6359:
6358:
6352:Beluga whale (
6348:
6346:
6343:Delphinapterus
6335:
6329:
6328:
6325:
6324:
6322:
6321:
6312:
6303:
6294:
6284:
6282:
6266:
6265:
6263:
6262:
6258:S. bredanensis
6252:
6250:
6242:
6241:
6239:
6238:
6229:
6220:
6211:
6202:
6192:
6190:
6182:
6181:
6179:
6178:
6169:
6160:
6151:
6141:
6139:
6123:
6122:
6120:
6119:
6110:
6106:S. fluviatilis
6100:
6098:
6090:
6089:
6087:
6086:
6076:
6074:
6066:
6065:
6063:
6062:
6052:
6050:
6042:
6041:
6039:
6038:
6028:
6026:
6018:
6017:
6015:
6014:
6005:
5995:
5993:
5985:
5984:
5982:
5981:
5972:
5962:
5960:
5944:
5943:
5941:
5940:
5931:
5927:L. obliquidens
5922:
5913:
5904:
5895:
5891:L. albirostris
5885:
5883:
5880:Lagenorhynchus
5875:
5874:
5872:
5871:
5861:
5859:
5851:
5850:
5848:
5847:
5837:
5835:
5827:
5826:
5824:
5823:
5814:
5804:
5802:
5798:(Pilot whales)
5786:
5785:
5783:
5782:
5772:
5770:
5762:
5761:
5759:
5758:
5748:
5746:
5738:
5737:
5735:
5734:
5725:
5716:
5707:
5703:C. commersonii
5697:
5695:
5684:
5666:
5665:
5649:
5648:
5645:
5644:
5641:
5640:
5637:
5636:
5634:
5633:
5623:
5621:
5610:
5604:
5603:
5600:
5599:
5597:
5596:
5586:
5584:
5576:
5575:
5573:
5572:
5562:
5560:
5552:
5551:
5549:
5548:
5542:Rice's whale (
5539:
5530:
5521:
5512:
5503:
5494:
5485:
5481:B. bonaerensis
5476:
5466:
5464:
5453:
5439:
5438:
5435:
5434:
5432:
5431:
5422:
5413:
5403:
5401:
5397:(Right whales)
5385:
5384:
5382:
5381:
5371:
5369:
5358:
5348:
5347:
5331:
5330:
5328:
5327:
5321:
5315:
5313:Laurasiatheria
5309:
5303:
5297:
5291:
5284:
5281:
5280:
5271:
5270:
5263:
5256:
5248:
5242:
5241:
5236:
5231:
5226:
5217:
5210:
5209:External links
5207:
5205:
5204:
5187:
5174:
5161:
5148:
5139:
5125:
5123:
5120:
5118:
5117:
5094:
5067:
5048:
5034:
5012:
4990:
4958:
4939:
4924:
4904:
4855:
4832:
4825:
4807:
4789:
4770:
4741:
4700:
4665:
4633:
4607:
4585:
4557:
4538:
4523:
4503:
4481:
4462:
4447:
4440:. New Series.
4424:
4402:
4385:
4374:(3): 313–318.
4354:
4331:
4305:
4283:
4259:
4192:
4173:
4154:
4127:
4114:
4101:
4088:
4070:
4057:
4050:
4024:
3995:
3988:
3963:
3944:
3925:
3909:
3902:
3882:
3879:. 9 June 2014.
3864:
3807:
3780:(2): 137–145.
3760:
3747:
3686:
3667:
3648:
3629:
3605:
3589:
3548:
3526:
3511:
3483:
3464:
3432:
3425:
3402:
3375:
3356:
3337:(1): 155–163.
3305:
3298:
3278:
3265:
3242:
3224:
3205:
3186:
3163:
3137:
3124:
3111:
3093:
3077:
3066:(3): 259–273.
3045:
3001:
2974:and Sei Whale
2946:
2928:
2896:
2854:
2826:
2811:
2785:
2748:
2723:
2668:
2646:
2624:
2562:
2543:
2530:
2527:(25): 384–420.
2511:
2498:
2481:
2468:
2440:
2413:(4): 343–351.
2393:
2368:
2329:
2287:
2253:
2228:
2175:
2160:
2131:
2129:
2126:
2125:
2124:
2116:
2111:
2105:
2104:
2090:
2087:Mammals portal
2076:
2060:
2057:
2020:Denmark Strait
2003:
2000:
1939:
1936:
1892:
1889:
1879:
1876:
1854:
1851:
1810:
1809:North Atlantic
1807:
1772:
1769:
1765:Canary Islands
1729:Denmark Strait
1683:
1680:
1676:Beagle Channel
1667:Bryde's whales
1616:Sea of Okhotsk
1558:Gulf of Mexico
1525:
1522:
1485:relative to 1
1463:
1460:
1402:
1399:
1301:acorn barnacle
1280:
1277:
1110:North Atlantic
1058:
1055:
1019:
1016:
1014:
1011:
966:
963:
876:
873:
865:B. b. borealis
810:humpback whale
800:
799:
789:
788:
784:
783:
780:
779:
775:
774:
771:
770:
766:
765:
762:
761:
757:
756:
753:
752:
748:
747:
744:
743:
739:humpback whale
731:
728:
727:
724:
723:
711:
706:
704:
701:
700:
697:
696:
684:
679:
677:
674:
673:
670:
669:
665:
664:
661:
660:
648:
645:
644:
641:
640:
626:
621:
619:
614:
612:
609:
608:
605:
604:
597:
592:
590:
582:
562:B. b. borealis
506:Georges Cuvier
481:
478:
456:
453:
393:. The whale's
387:B. b. borealis
322:
321:
320:
319:
311:
303:
292:
290:Rudolphi, 1822
281:
280:
274:
273:
269:
268:
260:
259:
258:
257:
255:B.b.schlegelii
252:
244:
243:
239:
238:
232:
221:
220:
214:
213:
206:
204:
200:
199:
192:
188:
187:
182:
178:
177:
172:
168:
167:
162:
158:
157:
152:
148:
147:
142:
138:
137:
132:
128:
127:
122:
118:
117:
104:
103:
90:
87:
86:
68:
65:
64:
59:
56:
55:
51:
50:
42:
41:
37:
36:
28:
27:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7624:
7613:
7610:
7608:
7605:
7603:
7600:
7598:
7595:
7593:
7590:
7588:
7585:
7583:
7580:
7578:
7575:
7573:
7570:
7568:
7565:
7564:
7562:
7545:
7540:
7536:
7532:
7527:
7523:
7519:
7514:
7510:
7506:
7501:
7497:
7493:
7488:
7484:
7480:
7475:
7471:
7467:
7462:
7458:
7454:
7448:
7444:
7439:
7435:
7431:
7426:
7422:
7418:
7413:
7409:
7405:
7400:
7396:
7392:
7387:
7383:
7379:
7374:
7370:
7366:
7361:
7357:
7353:
7348:
7344:
7340:
7335:
7331:
7327:
7322:
7318:
7314:
7309:
7305:
7301:
7296:
7292:
7288:
7283:
7279:
7275:
7269:
7265:
7260:
7256:
7252:
7247:
7243:
7239:
7234:
7230:
7226:
7221:
7217:
7213:
7208:
7204:
7200:
7195:
7191:
7186:
7180:
7176:
7171:
7165:
7161:
7160:
7158:
7156:
7152:
7148:
7143:
7119:
7117:
7112:
7111:
7109:
7107:
7106:
7101:
7095:
7093:
7088:
7087:
7085:
7083:
7082:
7077:
7071:
7069:
7064:
7062:
7060:
7059:M. stejnegeri
7055:
7053:
7051:
7050:M. peruvianus
7046:
7044:
7042:
7037:
7035:
7033:
7028:
7026:
7024:
7019:
7017:
7015:
7010:
7008:
7006:
7001:
6999:
6997:
6992:
6990:
6988:
6987:M. ginkgodens
6983:
6981:
6979:
6974:
6972:
6970:
6965:
6963:
6961:
6956:
6954:
6952:
6951:M. carlhubbsi
6947:
6945:
6943:
6938:
6936:
6934:
6929:
6928:
6926:
6916:
6915:
6910:
6904:
6902:
6897:
6896:
6894:
6892:
6891:
6886:
6880:
6878:
6877:H. planifrons
6873:
6871:
6869:
6868:H. ampullatus
6864:
6863:
6861:
6851:
6850:
6845:
6839:
6837:
6832:
6830:
6828:
6823:
6821:
6819:
6814:
6813:
6811:
6809:
6808:
6803:
6800:
6790:
6786:
6776:
6774:
6769:
6768:
6766:
6764:
6763:
6758:
6755:
6753:
6752:Pontoporiidae
6749:
6739:
6737:
6732:
6730:
6728:
6723:
6722:
6720:
6718:
6717:
6712:
6709:
6707:
6706:Platanistidae
6703:
6693:
6691:
6690:L. vexillifer
6686:
6685:
6683:
6681:
6680:
6675:
6672:
6670:
6666:
6656:
6654:
6649:
6647:
6645:
6640:
6638:
6636:
6631:
6630:
6628:
6626:
6625:
6620:
6617:
6615:
6611:
6601:
6599:
6594:
6592:
6590:
6585:
6584:
6582:
6580:
6579:
6574:
6571:
6569:
6565:
6555:
6553:
6550:Sperm whale (
6548:
6547:
6545:
6543:
6542:
6537:
6534:
6532:
6528:
6518:
6516:
6511:
6510:
6508:
6506:
6505:
6500:
6494:
6492:
6487:
6485:
6483:
6478:
6476:
6474:
6469:
6467:
6465:
6460:
6459:
6457:
6455:
6454:
6449:
6443:
6441:
6436:
6434:
6432:
6427:
6426:
6424:
6414:
6413:
6408:
6405:
6395:
6391:
6381:
6379:
6374:
6373:
6371:
6369:
6368:
6363:
6357:
6355:
6350:
6349:
6347:
6345:
6344:
6339:
6336:
6334:
6330:
6320:
6318:
6313:
6311:
6309:
6304:
6302:
6300:
6295:
6293:
6291:
6286:
6285:
6283:
6273:
6272:
6267:
6261:
6259:
6254:
6253:
6251:
6249:
6248:
6243:
6237:
6235:
6230:
6228:
6226:
6221:
6219:
6217:
6212:
6210:
6208:
6203:
6201:
6199:
6194:
6193:
6191:
6189:
6188:
6183:
6177:
6175:
6170:
6168:
6166:
6165:S. sahulensis
6161:
6159:
6157:
6152:
6150:
6148:
6143:
6142:
6140:
6130:
6129:
6124:
6118:
6116:
6115:S. guianensis
6111:
6109:
6107:
6102:
6101:
6099:
6097:
6096:
6091:
6085:
6083:
6082:P. crassidens
6078:
6077:
6075:
6073:
6072:
6067:
6061:
6059:
6054:
6053:
6051:
6049:
6048:
6047:Peponocephala
6043:
6037:
6035:
6030:
6029:
6027:
6025:
6024:
6019:
6013:
6011:
6006:
6004:
6002:
5997:
5996:
5994:
5992:
5991:
5986:
5980:
5978:
5973:
5971:
5969:
5964:
5963:
5961:
5951:
5950:
5945:
5939:
5937:
5932:
5930:
5928:
5923:
5921:
5919:
5914:
5912:
5910:
5905:
5903:
5901:
5896:
5894:
5892:
5887:
5886:
5884:
5882:
5881:
5876:
5870:
5868:
5863:
5862:
5860:
5858:
5857:
5856:Lagenodelphis
5852:
5846:
5844:
5839:
5838:
5836:
5834:
5833:
5828:
5822:
5820:
5815:
5813:
5811:
5806:
5805:
5803:
5793:
5792:
5787:
5781:
5779:
5774:
5773:
5771:
5769:
5768:
5763:
5757:
5755:
5750:
5749:
5747:
5745:
5744:
5739:
5733:
5731:
5726:
5724:
5722:
5721:C. heavisidii
5717:
5715:
5713:
5708:
5706:
5704:
5699:
5698:
5696:
5694:
5693:
5688:
5685:
5675:
5671:
5667:
5663:
5654:
5650:
5632:
5630:
5625:
5624:
5622:
5620:
5619:
5614:
5611:
5609:
5608:Cetotheriidae
5605:
5595:
5593:
5588:
5587:
5585:
5583:
5582:
5577:
5571:
5569:
5564:
5563:
5561:
5559:
5558:
5553:
5547:
5545:
5540:
5538:
5536:
5531:
5529:
5527:
5522:
5520:
5518:
5513:
5511:
5509:
5504:
5502:
5500:
5495:
5493:
5491:
5486:
5484:
5482:
5477:
5475:
5473:
5468:
5467:
5465:
5463:
5462:
5457:
5454:
5444:
5440:
5430:
5428:
5423:
5421:
5419:
5414:
5412:
5410:
5405:
5404:
5402:
5392:
5391:
5386:
5380:
5378:
5377:B. mysticetus
5373:
5372:
5370:
5368:
5367:
5362:
5359:
5357:
5353:
5349:
5345:
5336:
5332:
5326:
5322:
5320:
5316:
5314:
5310:
5308:
5304:
5302:
5298:
5296:
5292:
5290:
5286:
5285:
5282:
5277:
5269:
5264:
5262:
5257:
5255:
5250:
5249:
5246:
5240:
5237:
5235:
5232:
5230:
5227:
5225:
5224:
5218:
5216:
5213:
5212:
5201:
5197:
5193:
5188:
5186:
5182:
5178:
5175:
5173:
5172:0-12-551340-2
5169:
5165:
5162:
5160:
5159:1-84037-043-2
5156:
5152:
5149:
5147:
5145:
5140:
5138:
5137:0-375-41141-0
5134:
5130:
5127:
5126:
5105:
5098:
5082:
5078:
5071:
5063:
5059:
5052:
5041:
5039:
5030:
5023:
5016:
5008:
5001:
4994:
4979:
4975:
4974:
4969:
4962:
4954:
4950:
4943:
4935:
4928:
4921:
4917:
4914:
4908:
4900:
4896:
4891:
4886:
4882:
4878:
4875:(6459): 108.
4874:
4870:
4866:
4859:
4851:
4847:
4843:
4836:
4828:
4822:
4818:
4811:
4803:
4799:
4793:
4785:
4781:
4774:
4758:
4754:
4748:
4746:
4737:
4733:
4728:
4723:
4719:
4715:
4711:
4704:
4685:
4678:
4672:
4670:
4650:
4643:
4637:
4618:
4611:
4595:
4589:
4574:
4570:
4564:
4562:
4553:
4549:
4542:
4534:
4527:
4519:
4512:
4510:
4508:
4499:
4492:
4485:
4477:
4473:
4466:
4458:
4451:
4444:(6): 291–388.
4443:
4439:
4435:
4428:
4420:
4416:
4409:
4407:
4399:
4395:
4389:
4381:
4377:
4373:
4369:
4365:
4358:
4350:
4346:
4342:
4335:
4327:
4323:
4319:
4312:
4310:
4301:
4297:
4290:
4288:
4279:
4275:
4268:
4266:
4264:
4255:
4251:
4246:
4241:
4237:
4233:
4228:
4223:
4219:
4215:
4211:
4207:
4203:
4196:
4190:
4186:
4183:
4177:
4171:
4167:
4164:
4158:
4150:
4146:
4142:
4138:
4137:Mammal Review
4131:
4124:
4118:
4111:
4105:
4098:
4092:
4084:
4080:
4074:
4067:
4061:
4053:
4047:
4043:
4039:
4035:
4028:
4012:
4010:
4005:
3999:
3991:
3985:
3981:
3974:
3972:
3970:
3968:
3959:
3955:
3948:
3940:
3936:
3929:
3921:
3920:
3913:
3905:
3899:
3895:
3894:
3886:
3878:
3874:
3868:
3860:
3856:
3851:
3846:
3842:
3838:
3834:
3830:
3826:
3822:
3818:
3811:
3803:
3799:
3795:
3791:
3787:
3783:
3779:
3775:
3771:
3764:
3757:
3751:
3743:
3739:
3735:
3731:
3727:
3723:
3719:
3715:
3711:
3707:
3700:
3693:
3691:
3682:
3681:
3674:
3672:
3663:
3659:
3652:
3644:
3640:
3633:
3625:
3621:
3614:
3612:
3610:
3602:
3596:
3594:
3585:
3581:
3576:
3571:
3567:
3563:
3559:
3552:
3544:
3537:
3535:
3533:
3531:
3522:
3515:
3496:
3495:
3487:
3479:
3475:
3468:
3460:
3456:
3455:Mar Fish. Rev
3452:
3445:
3443:
3441:
3439:
3437:
3428:
3422:
3415:
3414:
3406:
3390:
3386:
3379:
3371:
3367:
3360:
3352:
3348:
3344:
3340:
3336:
3332:
3328:
3324:
3320:
3316:
3309:
3301:
3295:
3291:
3290:
3282:
3275:
3269:
3261:
3257:
3253:
3246:
3239:
3233:
3231:
3229:
3220:
3216:
3209:
3201:
3197:
3190:
3182:
3178:
3174:
3167:
3159:
3155:
3148:
3146:
3144:
3142:
3134:
3128:
3121:
3115:
3107:
3100:
3098:
3089:
3088:
3081:
3073:
3069:
3065:
3061:
3054:
3052:
3050:
3033:
3029:
3025:
3021:
3014:
3012:
3010:
3008:
3006:
2986:
2979:
2978:
2975:
2971:
2963:
2961:
2959:
2957:
2955:
2953:
2951:
2942:
2935:
2933:
2916:
2909:
2907:
2905:
2903:
2901:
2889:
2885:
2881:
2874:
2872:
2863:
2861:
2859:
2850:
2846:
2842:
2835:
2833:
2831:
2822:
2815:
2800:
2796:
2789:
2780:
2775:
2771:
2767:
2763:
2761:
2752:
2737:
2733:
2727:
2719:
2715:
2711:
2707:
2703:
2699:
2695:
2691:
2687:
2683:
2679:
2672:
2664:
2657:
2650:
2634:
2628:
2620:
2616:
2611:
2606:
2602:
2598:
2594:
2590:
2586:
2582:
2581:
2576:
2569:
2567:
2558:
2554:
2547:
2540:
2534:
2526:
2522:
2515:
2508:
2502:
2494:
2493:
2485:
2471:
2465:
2461:
2457:
2453:
2452:
2444:
2436:
2432:
2428:
2424:
2420:
2416:
2412:
2408:
2404:
2397:
2381:
2380:
2372:
2356:
2352:
2350:
2346:
2338:
2336:
2334:
2325:
2317:
2313:
2309:
2305:
2304:
2298:
2291:
2283:
2275:
2271:
2270:
2264:
2257:
2242:
2238:
2232:
2216:
2211:
2207:
2203:
2202:
2197:
2195:
2186:
2184:
2182:
2180:
2171:
2167:
2163:
2157:
2153:
2152:
2147:
2146:Wilson, D. E.
2143:
2136:
2132:
2123:
2121:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2107:
2106:
2102:
2091:
2088:
2082:
2077:
2074:
2063:
2056:
2054:
2050:
2045:
2042:
2037:
2032:
2027:
2025:
2021:
2017:
2013:
2012:overexploited
2008:
1999:
1997:
1993:
1989:
1984:
1980:
1975:
1973:
1967:
1965:
1964:North Pacific
1961:
1957:
1953:
1952:IUCN Red List
1944:
1935:
1933:
1928:
1926:
1922:
1918:
1914:
1910:
1905:
1903:
1899:
1888:
1885:
1875:
1873:
1867:
1864:
1860:
1853:North Pacific
1850:
1848:
1844:
1839:
1837:
1832:
1827:
1825:
1815:
1806:
1804:
1800:
1796:
1792:
1788:
1782:
1778:
1768:
1766:
1762:
1758:
1754:
1750:
1746:
1742:
1738:
1732:
1730:
1726:
1722:
1721:Bay of Arguin
1718:
1714:
1710:
1706:
1702:
1698:
1694:
1690:
1679:
1677:
1672:
1668:
1664:
1660:
1656:
1652:
1648:
1644:
1640:
1636:
1631:
1629:
1625:
1621:
1617:
1613:
1609:
1605:
1601:
1597:
1593:
1589:
1585:
1581:
1578:
1574:
1569:
1567:
1563:
1559:
1555:
1551:
1547:
1543:
1538:
1530:
1521:
1517:
1515:
1511:
1507:
1506:Massachusetts
1503:
1499:
1495:
1490:
1488:
1484:
1480:
1476:
1469:
1462:Vocalizations
1459:
1457:
1453:
1448:
1445:A newborn is
1443:
1421:
1417:
1413:
1408:
1398:
1396:
1392:
1388:
1387:
1382:
1378:
1374:
1373:
1368:
1364:
1363:
1358:
1354:
1353:Haematophagus
1351:
1348:
1344:
1340:
1335:
1333:
1332:
1327:
1323:
1319:
1318:
1313:
1312:
1307:
1306:
1302:
1298:
1295:
1291:
1290:
1286:
1276:
1274:
1273:
1269:
1265:
1261:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1233:
1229:
1228:jack mackerel
1225:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1208:Pacific saury
1205:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1141:
1140:North Pacific
1137:
1136:
1131:
1130:
1125:
1121:
1120:
1115:
1111:
1106:
1104:
1103:baleen whales
1099:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1082:
1079:
1075:
1074:filter feeder
1067:
1063:
1054:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1010:
1006:
1002:
1000:
996:
990:
988:
979:
971:
962:
958:
956:
947:
943:
941:
937:
933:
929:
925:
921:
917:
912:
910:
906:
905:pectoral fins
902:
897:
887:
882:
881:Whale anatomy
872:
870:
866:
862:
857:
855:
851:
847:
843:
839:
835:
831:
827:
823:
819:
818:Bryde's whale
815:
811:
807:
796:
791:
790:
782:
781:
773:
772:
764:
763:
755:
754:
746:
745:
742:
740:
736:
730:
729:
726:
725:
722:
720:
716:
710:
709:
703:
702:
699:
698:
695:
693:
689:
683:
682:
676:
675:
672:
671:
663:
662:
659:
657:
653:
647:
646:
643:
642:
639:
637:
633:
632:
625:
624:
618:
617:
611:
610:
607:
606:
603:
602:
596:
595:
589:
586:
585:
581:
580:
577:
575:
571:
567:
563:
559:
555:
551:
550:S. schlegelii
547:
543:
539:
535:
531:
527:
523:
519:
515:
511:
507:
503:
499:
495:
491:
487:
486:Karl Rudolphi
477:
475:
471:
466:
462:
452:
450:
446:
442:
441:IUCN Red List
438:
434:
429:
427:
423:
419:
415:
414:filter feeder
411:
407:
402:
400:
396:
392:
388:
384:
380:
376:
372:
368:
367:
361:
360:[sæɪ]
353:
352:
344:
329:
315:
312:
307:
304:
300:
296:
293:
288:
285:
284:
282:
279:
275:
270:
266:
261:
256:
253:
251:
248:
247:
245:
240:
235:
230:
228:
222:
219:
218:Binomial name
215:
211:
210:
205:
202:
201:
198:
197:
193:
190:
189:
186:
183:
180:
179:
176:
173:
170:
169:
166:
163:
160:
159:
156:
153:
150:
149:
146:
143:
140:
139:
136:
133:
130:
129:
126:
123:
120:
119:
114:
109:
105:
99:
93:
88:
82:
77:
66:
62:
57:
52:
48:
43:
38:
34:
29:
24:
21:
19:
7577:Balaenoptera
7154:
7115:
7103:
7092:T. shepherdi
7091:
7079:
7068:M. traversii
7067:
7058:
7049:
7040:
7031:
7022:
7013:
7004:
6995:
6986:
6978:M. europaeus
6977:
6968:
6959:
6950:
6941:
6932:
6912:
6901:I. pacificus
6900:
6888:
6876:
6867:
6847:
6835:
6826:
6817:
6805:
6772:
6760:
6735:
6727:P. gangetica
6726:
6714:
6689:
6677:
6652:
6643:
6634:
6622:
6597:
6589:K. breviceps
6588:
6576:
6551:
6539:
6531:Physeteridae
6514:
6504:Phocoenoides
6502:
6490:
6481:
6472:
6464:P. dioptrica
6463:
6451:
6439:
6430:
6410:
6378:M. monoceros
6377:
6365:
6353:
6341:
6333:Monodontidae
6317:T. truncatus
6316:
6308:T. erebennus
6307:
6299:T. australis
6298:
6289:
6269:
6257:
6245:
6233:
6225:S. frontalis
6224:
6215:
6206:
6198:S. attenuata
6197:
6185:
6173:
6164:
6155:
6147:S. chinensis
6146:
6126:
6114:
6105:
6093:
6081:
6069:
6057:
6045:
6033:
6021:
6010:O. heinsohni
6009:
6000:
5988:
5976:
5967:
5949:Lissodelphis
5947:
5935:
5926:
5917:
5909:L. australis
5908:
5899:
5890:
5878:
5866:
5854:
5842:
5830:
5818:
5809:
5791:Globicephala
5789:
5778:F. attenuata
5777:
5765:
5753:
5741:
5729:
5720:
5711:
5702:
5690:
5629:C. marginata
5628:
5616:
5591:
5579:
5567:
5566:Gray whale (
5557:Eschrichtius
5555:
5543:
5534:
5525:
5516:
5515:Blue whale (
5507:
5498:
5489:
5487:
5480:
5471:
5461:Balaenoptera
5459:
5426:
5418:E. glacialis
5417:
5409:E. australis
5408:
5388:
5376:
5364:
5325:Whippomorpha
5319:Artiodactyla
5222:
5199:
5195:
5191:
5176:
5163:
5150:
5143:
5128:
5108:. Retrieved
5097:
5085:. Retrieved
5081:the original
5070:
5061:
5057:
5051:
5028:
5015:
5006:
4993:
4983:26 September
4981:. Retrieved
4971:
4961:
4952:
4948:
4942:
4933:
4927:
4907:
4872:
4868:
4858:
4849:
4845:
4841:
4835:
4816:
4810:
4801:
4792:
4783:
4779:
4773:
4761:. Retrieved
4757:the original
4717:
4713:
4703:
4691:. Retrieved
4684:the original
4656:. Retrieved
4649:the original
4636:
4624:. Retrieved
4610:
4598:. Retrieved
4588:
4576:. Retrieved
4572:
4551:
4547:
4541:
4532:
4526:
4517:
4497:
4484:
4475:
4471:
4465:
4456:
4450:
4441:
4437:
4433:
4427:
4418:
4414:
4397:
4393:
4388:
4371:
4367:
4363:
4357:
4348:
4344:
4340:
4334:
4325:
4321:
4317:
4299:
4295:
4277:
4273:
4209:
4205:
4195:
4176:
4157:
4140:
4136:
4130:
4117:
4104:
4095:Uni Y.,2006
4091:
4082:
4073:
4060:
4037:
4027:
4015:. Retrieved
4007:
3998:
3979:
3957:
3953:
3947:
3938:
3934:
3928:
3918:
3912:
3892:
3885:
3876:
3867:
3824:
3820:
3816:
3810:
3777:
3774:Bioacoustics
3773:
3769:
3763:
3750:
3709:
3705:
3679:
3661:
3657:
3651:
3642:
3638:
3632:
3623:
3619:
3600:
3565:
3561:
3551:
3542:
3520:
3514:
3502:. Retrieved
3493:
3486:
3477:
3473:
3467:
3458:
3454:
3450:
3412:
3405:
3393:. Retrieved
3389:the original
3378:
3369:
3366:Whalewatcher
3365:
3359:
3334:
3330:
3326:
3322:
3318:
3314:
3308:
3288:
3281:
3273:
3268:
3259:
3255:
3251:
3245:
3237:
3218:
3214:
3208:
3199:
3195:
3189:
3180:
3176:
3172:
3166:
3157:
3153:
3132:
3127:
3119:
3114:
3105:
3086:
3080:
3063:
3059:
3036:. Retrieved
3032:the original
3027:
3023:
2992:. Retrieved
2985:the original
2977:
2973:
2969:
2940:
2919:. Retrieved
2888:the original
2883:
2879:
2870:
2848:
2844:
2840:
2820:
2814:
2802:. Retrieved
2798:
2788:
2769:
2765:
2759:
2751:
2739:. Retrieved
2726:
2685:
2681:
2671:
2662:
2649:
2637:. Retrieved
2627:
2584:
2578:
2556:
2552:
2546:
2538:
2533:
2524:
2520:
2514:
2506:
2501:
2491:
2484:
2473:, retrieved
2450:
2443:
2410:
2406:
2396:
2384:. Retrieved
2378:
2371:
2359:. Retrieved
2355:the original
2348:
2344:
2301:
2290:
2267:
2256:
2244:. Retrieved
2240:
2231:
2219:. Retrieved
2205:
2199:
2193:
2150:
2135:
2120:HMS Daedalus
2119:
2046:
2028:
2009:
2005:
1976:
1972:Soviet Union
1968:
1949:
1929:
1906:
1894:
1881:
1868:
1856:
1847:Nova Scotian
1840:
1828:
1820:
1803:right whales
1784:
1733:
1719:such as off
1709:Labrador Sea
1705:Nova Scotian
1701:Newfoundland
1689:Georges Bank
1685:
1661:) and Peru (
1632:
1628:Sea of Japan
1612:Sea of Japan
1570:
1539:
1535:
1518:
1514:Davis Strait
1491:
1471:
1444:
1410:
1401:Reproduction
1394:
1384:
1380:
1370:
1360:
1352:
1342:
1339:harpacticoid
1336:
1329:
1315:
1309:
1303:
1296:
1287:
1282:
1270:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1251:
1247:
1243:
1239:
1231:
1223:
1219:
1211:
1203:
1195:
1191:
1183:
1176:T. spinifera
1175:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1151:
1148:N. plumchrus
1147:
1143:
1133:
1127:
1117:
1107:
1098:fecal matter
1083:
1076:, using its
1071:
1021:
1013:Life history
1007:
1003:
991:
984:
959:
952:
932:pigmentation
919:
913:
892:
868:
864:
858:
850:sister group
833:
803:
734:
733:
714:
713:
687:
686:
655:
651:
650:
635:
630:
629:
628:
599:
573:
565:
561:
557:
553:
549:
545:
542:Balaenoptera
541:
537:
521:
513:
509:
501:
497:
483:
473:
470:Japan finner
469:
460:
458:
430:
424:, and other
403:
390:
386:
371:baleen whale
365:
364:
327:
325:
313:
309:Flower, 1865
305:
294:
286:
254:
250:B.b.borealis
249:
226:
224:
208:
207:
196:Balaenoptera
195:
171:Infraorder:
165:Artiodactyla
20:
18:
7500:SeaLifeBase
7399:NatureServe
7321:iNaturalist
7179:Wikispecies
7023:M. layardii
6942:M. bowdoini
6890:Indopacetus
6473:P. phocoena
6412:Neophocoena
6400:(Porpoises)
6394:Phocoenidae
5968:L. borealis
5936:L. obscurus
5918:L. cruciger
5712:C. eutropia
5674:Delphinidae
5659:Odontoceti
5568:E. robustus
5535:B. physalus
5533:Fin whale (
5517:B. musculus
5490:B. borealis
5488:Sei whale (
5427:E. japonica
5311:Superorder
5305:Infraclass
5110:11 December
5087:11 December
4763:10 November
4693:10 November
4658:10 November
4600:10 November
4578:28 December
3504:21 December
3461:(4): 25–29.
3395:19 December
2804:28 December
2741:10 November
2475:31 December
2297:"sei whale"
2263:"sei whale"
2024:Nova Scotia
1831:Hvalfjörður
1717:West Africa
1697:Browns Bank
1560:and in the
1510:New England
1468:Whale sound
1381:Crassicauda
1172:T. gregaria
1168:T. longipes
1124:euphausiids
1094:zooplankton
1053:behaviour.
875:Description
826:minke whale
715:B. physalus
652:B. borealis
631:B. musculus
601:Minke whale
574:B. borealis
554:B. borealis
463:, meaning "
426:zooplankton
242:Subspecies
7561:Categories
7081:Tasmacetus
7041:M. perrini
7014:M. hotaula
7005:M. hectori
6914:Mesoplodon
6849:Hyperoodon
6836:B. minimus
6827:B. bairdii
6818:B. arnuxii
6762:Pontoporia
6716:Platanista
6290:T. aduncus
6207:S. clymene
6174:S. teuszii
6156:S. plumbea
6058:P. electra
5977:L. peronii
5843:G. griseus
5754:D. delphis
5730:C. hectori
5657:Parvorder
5449:(Rorquals)
5356:Balaenidae
5341:Mysticeti
5339:Parvorder
5196:Ir. Nat. J
5064:: 117–131.
4955:: 315–321.
4852:: 697–700.
4478:: 639–643.
4436:Lesson)".
4421:: 327–333.
4400:, pp. 1-7.
4398:SC/64/RMP6
4351:: 667–682.
4328:: 349–352.
3626:: 465–476.
3183:: 218–225.
3160:: 457–463.
2994:5 November
2921:4 November
2880:Fish. Bull
2851:: 183–290.
2688:: 104373.
2639:7 December
2559:: 293–302.
2361:8 November
2326:required.)
2284:required.)
2246:14 January
2128:References
2041:Maumee Bay
1956:endangered
1932:whale meat
1872:California
1600:Washington
1466:See also:
1432:months, 11
1414:occurs in
1405:See also:
1160:E. similis
1090:food chain
1032:naturalist
928:dorsal fin
879:See also:
861:subspecies
824:, and the
814:blue whale
692:gray whale
636:blue whale
546:schlegelii
538:Sibbaldius
530:Pekalongan
449:extinction
437:endangered
383:fin whales
356:Norwegian:
317:Gray, 1868
94:Appendix I
76:Endangered
26:Sei whale
7443:sei-whale
6933:M. bidens
6807:Berardius
6789:Ziphiidae
6669:Lipotidae
6480:Vaquita (
6376:Narwhal (
6354:D. leucas
6071:Pseudorca
5900:L. acutus
5743:Delphinus
5581:Megaptera
5526:B. omurai
5499:B. brydei
5390:Eubalaena
5323:Suborder
5219:ARKive –
5144:Sei whale
4736:2576-2184
4720:(1): 68.
4298:Lesson".
4236:1932-6203
4182:Sei whale
3850:1912/4618
3584:0022-0949
3372:(4): 4–7.
3331:J. Mammal
3262:(2): 4–5.
2772:: 49–54.
2718:257372290
2710:0012-8252
2427:1864-1547
2241:cites.org
1900:(ICR) in
1836:whale oil
1747:, in the
1735:from the
1713:Greenland
1682:Migration
1635:Sri Lanka
1554:Greenland
1420:Gestation
1416:temperate
1377:nematodes
1350:protozoan
1196:E. mordax
1188:anchovies
1138:. In the
1043:blowholes
1028:cetaceans
995:St. Kilda
909:blowholes
854:gene flow
838:Mysticeti
830:Norwegian
822:fin whale
719:fin whale
656:sei whale
455:Etymology
410:temperate
399:cetaceans
328:sei whale
203:Species:
131:Kingdom:
125:Eukaryota
7513:Species+
7404:2.102708
7391:14300014
7339:11340060
7287:46559429
7164:Wikidata
7105:Ziphius
7032:M. mirus
6996:M. grayi
6736:P. minor
6598:K. simus
6568:Kogiidae
6541:Physeter
6515:P. dalli
6482:P. sinus
6453:Phocoena
6271:Tursiops
6187:Stenella
6104:Tucuxi (
5990:Orcaella
5867:L. hosei
5819:G. melas
5544:B. ricei
5508:B. edeni
5307:Eutheria
5301:Mammalia
5295:Chordata
5289:Animalia
5287:Kingdom
5202:: 46–48.
4978:CTV News
4916:Archived
4626:15 April
4341:Ljósfari
4254:33362235
4206:PLOS ONE
4185:Archived
4166:Archived
4143:: 2–39.
3960:: 1–104.
3877:BBC News
3859:18681619
3802:85413269
3734:16419837
3664:: 1–122.
3480:: 39–48.
3038:26 April
2619:29632892
2435:92420247
2407:Mammalia
2170:62265494
2059:See also
2053:the Blob
2049:red tide
1917:plankton
1824:Finnmark
1787:harpoons
1763:and the
1580:latitude
1502:Cape Cod
1483:decibels
1454:of both
1367:cestodes
1341:copepod
1294:barnacle
1289:Pennella
1268:amphipod
1236:rockfish
1216:mackerel
1200:sardines
926:-shaped
834:røyrkval
806:rorquals
570:Finnmark
480:Taxonomy
418:copepods
278:Synonyms
181:Family:
155:Mammalia
145:Chordata
141:Phylum:
135:Animalia
121:Domain:
81:IUCN 3.1
7378:1006399
7313:2440709
7170:Q185097
6969:M. eueu
6688:Baiji (
6679:Lipotes
6614:Iniidae
6367:Monodon
6095:Sotalia
6034:O. orca
6023:Orcinus
5832:Grampus
5618:Caperea
5366:Balaena
5293:Phylum
5278:species
5276:Cetacea
5274:Extant
4899:4358731
4877:Bibcode
4802:Reuters
4245:7757899
4214:Bibcode
4042:170–195
3829:Bibcode
3782:Bibcode
3742:2094987
3714:Bibcode
3351:1379766
3221:: 1–26.
3202:: 1–52.
2690:Bibcode
2610:5884691
2589:Bibcode
2386:24 June
2016:copepod
1791:whalers
1777:Whaling
1771:Whaling
1761:Madeira
1741:Iceland
1437:⁄
1427:⁄
1347:ciliate
1285:copepod
1108:In the
1057:Feeding
1051:lobtail
1039:cheetah
999:Iceland
955:keratin
901:rostrum
842:Miocene
566:sejhval
490:Grömitz
465:pollock
461:sejhval
439:by the
420:,
395:ventral
375:rorqual
369:) is a
191:Genus:
175:Cetacea
161:Order:
151:Class:
96: (
79: (
7544:137088
7479:137088
7450:NZOR:
7352:180526
7271:ECOS:
7220:ARKive
5767:Feresa
5317:Order
5299:Class
5183:
5170:
5157:
5135:
4897:
4869:Nature
4842:Sierra
4823:
4734:
4252:
4242:
4234:
4048:
4017:23 May
3986:
3900:
3857:
3800:
3740:
3732:
3582:
3423:
3349:
3325:, and
3296:
2716:
2708:
2617:
2607:
2466:
2433:
2425:
2347:&
2168:
2158:
2122:(1826)
1749:Azores
1723:, off
1695:, and
1639:Indian
1447:weaned
1412:Mating
1391:flukes
1369:(e.g.
1359:(e.g.
1326:Diatom
1254:, and
1150:, and
1078:baleen
924:sickle
896:pleats
820:, the
812:, the
301:, 1846
236:, 1828
234:Lesson
7539:WoRMS
7526:SPRAT
7505:69005
7492:70692
7466:10061
7334:IRMNG
7326:41559
7295:EUNIS
7238:26316
6578:Kogia
6247:Steno
6128:Sousa
5106:. CBC
5025:(PDF)
5003:(PDF)
4895:S2CID
4687:(PDF)
4680:(PDF)
4652:(PDF)
4645:(PDF)
4620:(PDF)
4494:(PDF)
4125:(pdf)
3819:)"".
3798:S2CID
3738:S2CID
3702:(PDF)
3568:(9).
3498:(PDF)
3417:(PDF)
3347:JSTOR
3256:Cetus
3175:)"".
2988:(PDF)
2981:(PDF)
2891:(PDF)
2876:(PDF)
2714:S2CID
2659:(PDF)
2431:S2CID
2320:
2278:
2221:4 May
2144:. In
1983:CITES
1979:CITES
1913:squid
1902:Tokyo
1863:Korea
1859:Japan
1745:Faial
1671:Gabon
1479:hertz
1456:sexes
1066:Krill
940:fluke
832:word
572:with
496:, as
492:, in
445:CITES
422:krill
406:polar
98:CITES
92:CITES
7518:3975
7474:OBIS
7438:NOAA
7430:9768
7425:NCBI
7365:2475
7360:IUCN
7347:ITIS
7308:GBIF
7300:8356
7274:4753
7251:KF8M
7233:BOLD
6624:Inia
5181:ISBN
5168:ISBN
5155:ISBN
5133:ISBN
5112:2015
5089:2015
4985:2018
4821:ISBN
4765:2006
4732:ISSN
4695:2006
4660:2006
4628:2022
4602:2006
4580:2023
4276:)".
4250:PMID
4232:ISSN
4046:ISBN
4019:2019
3984:ISBN
3898:ISBN
3855:PMID
3730:PMID
3580:ISSN
3506:2011
3421:ISBN
3397:2006
3294:ISBN
3040:2011
2996:2006
2923:2006
2843:"".
2806:2023
2743:2006
2706:ISSN
2641:2006
2615:PMID
2525:1864
2477:2023
2464:ISBN
2423:ISSN
2388:2009
2363:2006
2248:2022
2223:2021
2206:2018
2166:OCLC
2156:ISBN
2031:CPUE
1921:fish
1915:and
1861:and
1799:meat
1797:and
1779:and
1757:Pico
1655:60°S
1653:and
1651:45°S
1647:50°S
1645:and
1643:40°S
1637:and
1614:and
1602:and
1588:50°N
1584:35°N
1577:23°N
1573:20°N
1498:Oahu
1494:Maui
1262:and
1222:and
1194:and
1174:and
1132:and
1086:prey
965:Size
859:Two
560:and
552:and
534:Java
389:and
381:and
379:blue
326:The
299:Gray
7412:NBN
7386:MSW
7373:MDD
7282:EoL
7259:CMS
7246:CoL
7207:AFD
7194:ADW
4885:doi
4873:367
4722:doi
4552:171
4376:doi
4240:PMC
4222:doi
4145:doi
3845:hdl
3837:doi
3825:124
3790:doi
3722:doi
3710:118
3641:".
3570:doi
3566:224
3453:".
3339:doi
3329:".
3068:doi
2774:doi
2762:)""
2698:doi
2686:239
2605:PMC
2597:doi
2456:doi
2415:doi
2312:doi
2210:doi
1988:CMS
1954:as
1795:oil
1663:6°S
1659:7°S
1586:to
1575:to
1552:to
1544:or
1226:),
1214:),
1206:),
1198:),
871:).
568:of
350:SAY
7563::
7541::
7531:34
7528::
7515::
7502::
7489::
7476::
7463::
7440::
7427::
7414::
7401::
7388::
7375::
7362::
7349::
7336::
7323::
7310::
7297::
7284::
7261::
7248::
7235::
7222::
7209::
7196::
7181::
7166::
5200:31
5198:.
5062:46
5060:.
5037:^
5027:.
5005:.
4976:.
4970:.
4953:43
4951:.
4893:.
4883:.
4871:.
4867:.
4850:42
4848:.
4800:.
4782:.
4744:^
4730:.
4716:.
4712:.
4668:^
4571:.
4560:^
4550:.
4506:^
4496:.
4476:31
4474:.
4419:38
4417:.
4405:^
4372:35
4370:.
4349:33
4347:.
4326:35
4324:.
4308:^
4286:^
4262:^
4248:.
4238:.
4230:.
4220:.
4210:15
4208:.
4204:.
4141:40
4139:.
4081:.
4044:.
4006:.
3966:^
3958:14
3956:.
3875:.
3853:.
3843:.
3835:.
3823:.
3796:.
3788:.
3778:16
3776:.
3736:.
3728:.
3720:.
3708:.
3704:.
3689:^
3670:^
3662:50
3660:.
3624:33
3622:.
3608:^
3592:^
3578:.
3564:.
3560:.
3529:^
3478:13
3476:.
3459:46
3457:.
3435:^
3370:20
3368:.
3345:.
3335:60
3333:.
3321:,
3317:,
3258:.
3227:^
3219:59
3217:.
3200:58
3198:.
3181:25
3179:.
3158:33
3156:.
3140:^
3096:^
3064:36
3062:.
3048:^
3028:61
3026:.
3022:.
3004:^
2949:^
2931:^
2899:^
2884:90
2882:.
2878:.
2857:^
2849:17
2847:.
2829:^
2797:.
2770:42
2768:.
2764:.
2734:.
2712:.
2704:.
2696:.
2684:.
2680:.
2661:.
2613:.
2603:.
2595:.
2583:.
2577:.
2565:^
2557:19
2555:.
2523:.
2462:,
2429:.
2421:.
2411:83
2409:.
2405:.
2332:^
2310:.
2300:.
2266:.
2239:.
2204:.
2198:.
2178:^
2164:.
1998:.
1974:.
1927:.
1767:.
1691:,
1504:,
1275:.
1250:,
1182:,
1170:,
1166:,
1162:,
1158:,
1146:,
1105:.
816:,
793:A
741:)
721:)
694:)
658:)
638:)
576:.
544:)
536:,
363:;
354:,
340:eɪ
7118:)
7094:)
7070:)
7061:)
7052:)
7043:)
7034:)
7025:)
7016:)
7007:)
6998:)
6989:)
6980:)
6971:)
6962:)
6953:)
6944:)
6935:)
6903:)
6879:)
6870:)
6838:)
6829:)
6820:)
6775:)
6738:)
6729:)
6692:)
6655:)
6646:)
6637:)
6600:)
6591:)
6554:)
6517:)
6493:)
6484:)
6475:)
6466:)
6442:)
6433:)
6380:)
6356:)
6319:)
6310:)
6301:)
6292:)
6260:)
6236:)
6227:)
6218:)
6209:)
6200:)
6176:)
6167:)
6158:)
6149:)
6117:)
6108:)
6084:)
6060:)
6036:)
6012:)
6003:)
5979:)
5970:)
5938:)
5929:)
5920:)
5911:)
5902:)
5893:)
5869:)
5845:)
5821:)
5812:)
5780:)
5756:)
5732:)
5723:)
5714:)
5705:)
5631:)
5594:)
5570:)
5546:)
5537:)
5528:)
5519:)
5510:)
5501:)
5492:)
5483:)
5474:)
5429:)
5420:)
5411:)
5379:)
5267:e
5260:t
5253:v
5114:.
5091:.
4987:.
4911:"
4901:.
4887::
4879::
4829:.
4784:4
4767:.
4738:.
4724::
4718:1
4697:.
4662:.
4630:.
4604:.
4582:.
4554:.
4500:.
4442:1
4382:.
4378::
4256:.
4224::
4216::
4151:.
4147::
4085:.
4054:.
4021:.
3992:.
3906:.
3861:.
3847::
3839::
3831::
3804:.
3792::
3784::
3744:.
3724::
3716::
3586:.
3572::
3508:.
3429:.
3399:.
3353:.
3341::
3302:.
3260:5
3074:.
3070::
3042:.
2998:.
2925:.
2808:.
2782:.
2776::
2745:.
2720:.
2700::
2692::
2643:.
2621:.
2599::
2591::
2585:4
2458::
2437:.
2417::
2390:.
2365:.
2351:"
2318:.
2314::
2276:.
2250:.
2225:.
2212::
2196:"
2192:"
2172:.
1986:(
1439:4
1435:1
1429:4
1425:3
1393:(
1328:(
1238:(
1230:(
1218:(
1210:(
1202:(
1190:(
918:(
737:(
717:(
690:(
654:(
634:(
540:(
500:(
343:/
337:s
334:/
330:(
100:)
83:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.