406:
280:
235:
193:
102:
86:
155:, in which the serpentine was brought to firing position by a weak spring, and activated by pressing a button, pulling a trigger, or even pulling a short string passing into the mechanism. As the match was often extinguished after its collision with the flash pan, this type was not used by soldiers but was often used in fine target weapons where the precision of the shot was more important than the repetition.
1093:
31:
75:
230:
manuscript dated to the mid-15th century. The first dated illustration of a matchlock mechanism dates to 1475, and by the 16th century they were universally used. During this time the latest tactic in using the matchlock was to line up and send off a volley of musket balls at the enemy. This volley
212:
The earliest form of matchlock in Europe appeared by 1411 and in the
Ottoman Empire by 1425. This early arquebus was a hand cannon with a serpentine lever to hold matches. However this early arquebus did not have the matchlock mechanism traditionally associated with the weapon. The exact dating of
225:
date them from 1394 to 1465. However it is unclear whether these were arquebuses or small cannons as late as 1444, but according to GĂĄbor Ăgoston the fact that they were listed separately from cannons in mid-15th century inventories suggest they were handheld firearms, though he admits this is
158:
An inherent weakness of the matchlock was the necessity of keeping the match constantly lit. This was chiefly a problem in wet weather, when damp match cord was difficult to light and to keep burning. Another drawback was the burning match itself. At night, the match would glow in the darkness,
136:. On the release of the lever or trigger, the spring-loaded serpentine would move in reverse to clear the pan. For obvious safety reasons, the match would be removed before reloading of the gun. Both ends of the match were usually kept alight in case one end should be accidentally extinguished.
746:
Initially the
Janissaries were equipped with bows, crossbows, and javelins. In the first half of the 15th century, they began to use matchlock arquebuses, although the first references to the Ottomans' use of tĂźfek or hand firearms of the arquebus type (1394, 1402, 1421, 1430, 1440, 1442) are
159:
possibly revealing the carrier's position. The distinctive smell of burning match-cord was also a giveaway of a musketeer's position. It was also quite dangerous when soldiers were carelessly handling large quantities of gunpowder (for example, while refilling their
429:
as late as the second half of the 20th centuryâand
Tibetan nomads reportedly still use matchlock rifles to hunt wolves and other predatory animals. These matchlock arquebuses typically feature a long, sharpened retractable forked stand.
66:, which lacked a trigger and required the musketeer or an assistant to apply a match directly to the gunpowder by hand. The matchlock mechanism allowed the musketeer to apply the match himself without losing his concentration.
139:
Earlier types had only an S-shaped serpentine pinned to the stock either behind or in front of the flash pan (the so-called "serpentine lock"), one end of which was manipulated to bring the match into the pan.
147:
barrel. This made the gun much more accurate at longer distances but did have drawbacks, the main one being that it took much longer to reload because the bullet had to be pounded down into the barrel.
351:
In Japan, matchlocks continued to see military use up to the mid-19th century. In China, matchlock guns were still being used by imperial army soldiers in the middle decades of the 19th century.
257:, not matchlocks with trigger mechanism. He agreed that the matchlock first appeared in Western Europe during the 1470s in Germany. Improved versions of the Ottoman arquebus were transported to
124:. Upon the pull of a lever (or in later models a trigger) protruding from the bottom of the gun and connected to the serpentine, the clamp dropped down, lowering the smoldering match into the
344:, the low cost of production, simplicity, and high availability of the matchlock kept it in use in European armies until about 1720. It was eventually completely replaced by the
329:(1528â1579) purchased two matchlock rifles from the Portuguese and put a swordsmith to work copying the matchlock barrel and firing mechanism. Within a few years, the use of the
163:) with lit matches present. This was one reason why soldiers in charge of transporting and guarding ammunition were amongst the first to be issued self-igniting guns like the
916:
The
Bewitched Gun: The Introduction of the Firearm in the Far East by the Portuguese; Espingarda Feiticeira: A Introducao Da Arma De Fogo Pelos Portugueses No Extremo-Oriente
426:
272:. The Chinese obtained the matchlock arquebus technology from the Portuguese in the 16th century and matchlock firearms were used by the Chinese into the 19th century. The
317:. While the Japanese were technically able to produce tempered steel (e.g. sword blades), they preferred to use work-hardened brass springs in their matchlocks. The name
58:
is ignited by a burning piece of flammable cord or twine that is in contact with the gunpowder through a mechanism that the musketeer activates by pulling a lever or
226:
disputable. Godfrey
Goodwin dates the first use of the matchlock arquebus by the Janissaries to no earlier than 1465. The idea of a serpentine later appeared in an
174:
The matchlock was also uneconomical to keep ready for long periods of time, as keeping both ends of a match lit every night for a year required a mile of match.
358:
in the late Middle Ages. Although modern rifles were imported into
Ethiopia during the 19th century, contemporary British historians noted that, along with
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1384:
363:
985:
991:
Although the army has been equipped with modern rifles, the common weapon of the people is the matchlock, and slings are still in use.
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1468:
1536:
989:. Vol. 01 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 82â95, see page 89, first para, six lines from the end.
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Tibetans have used matchlocks from as early as the sixteenth century until very recently. The early 20th century explorer
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1074:
394:
325:(a type of ship) with Portuguese adventurers on board was driven to anchor by a storm. The lord of the Japanese island
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1379:
17:
213:
the matchlock addition is disputed. The first references to the use of what may have been matchlock arquebuses (
1896:
222:
1148:
187:
1117:
417:
also encountered
Tibetan tribesmen on horseback armed with matchlock rifles along the Tibetan border with
1366:
1483:
1927:
1231:
1922:
1901:
1718:
1110:
807:
362:, matchlock rifle weapons were used by the elderly for self-defense and by the militaries of the
1266:
1163:
370:
314:
861:
596:
1566:
1137:
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521:
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There is evidence that matchlock rifles may have been in use among some peoples in
Christian
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79:
8:
1619:
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on Taiwan owned matchlock muskets. Han people traded and sold matchlock muskets to the
59:
1776:
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would be much more effective than single soldiers trying to hit individual targets.
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1640:
1635:
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1361:
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1261:
1206:
1012:
729:
491:
to ignite the powder charge", first recorded in 1544. See
Merriam-Webster. (n.d.).
390:
386:
385:, the Hakka and Aboriginals used their matchlock muskets against the French in the
355:
310:
508:
279:
1761:
1713:
1648:
1201:
888:
623:
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and Han
Taiwanese and Aboriginals conducted an insurgency against Japanese rule.
382:
931:
291:, the first documented introduction of the matchlock, which became known as the
128:
and igniting the priming powder. The flash from the primer traveled through the
1883:
1845:
1424:
1356:
673:
152:
479:
The definition of firelock changes over times, in later era it could refer to
336:
Despite the appearance of more advanced ignition systems, such as that of the
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487:. According to Merriam-Webster, a firelock is "a gun's lock employing a
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A Spanish matchlock, purchased in Holland, plays an important role in
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718:"Military Transformation in the Ottoman Empire and Russia, 1500â1800"
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with their finger. This firing mechanism was an improvement over the
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1840:
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1511:
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and Turkish muskets may have reached China before Portuguese ones.
269:
250:
198:
268:
The matchlock was claimed to have been introduced to China by the
249:
Robert Elgood theorizes the armies of the Italian states used the
1810:
1766:
1743:
1704:
1692:
1556:
1501:
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Firearms of the Islamic World: In the Tared Rajab Museum, Kuwait
1749:
1591:
1491:
1414:
1394:
1389:
1329:
1092:
74:
35:
1046:. Department of Arms and Armor, The Metropolitan Museum of Art
1003:
Office, The Foreign (18 May 2018). "Memorandum on Abyssinia".
836:
The Defences of Macau: Forts, Ships and Weapons over 450 years
598:
The Defences of Macau: Forts, Ships and Weapons over 450 years
288:
262:
258:
933:
Giving up the gun: Japan's reversion to the sword, 1543â1879
30:
333:
in battle forever changed the way war was fought in Japan.
120:
in a clamp at the end of a small curved lever known as the
509:
Article on Britannica.com explaining the matchlock system
1005:
The Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London
650:
The Writer's Guide to Everyday Life in Colonial America
393:. The Hakka used their matchlock muskets to resist the
1132:
1067:
Nomads of Western Tibet: The Survival of a Way of Life
697:
722:
Kritika: Explorations in Russian and Eurasian History
859:
574:. Franklin Lakes, NJ: Career Press. pp. 71â74.
274:
Chinese used the term "bird-gun" to refer to muskets
930:
594:
565:
563:
1914:
1410:Meylin M1719 Pennsylvania-Kentucky rifled musket
132:, igniting the main charge of propellant in the
1445:Xun Lei Chong spear five barrel revolver musket
253:in the 15th century, but this may be a type of
560:
283:A Japanese Arquebus with a rain cover, c. 1598
1118:
409:Tibetans with matchlock rifle (1905 painting)
151:A type of matchlock was developed called the
928:
890:Tanegashima: The Arrival of Europe in Japan
866:. Cambridge University Press. p. 144.
812:. Cambridge University Press. p. 100.
684:, Cambridge University Press, p. 443,
601:. Hong Kong University Press. p. 176.
309:that were produced in the armory of Goa in
1125:
1111:
913:
625:European & American Arms, C. 1100-1850
526:. Cambridge University Press. p. 88.
1064:
853:
839:. Hong Kong University Press. p. 4.
668:
666:
116:The classic matchlock gun held a burning
404:
278:
233:
191:
100:
84:
73:
29:
1031:
832:
715:
703:
672:
519:
238:Eight-shot matchlock revolver (Germany
14:
1915:
1532:Gunpowder artillery in the Middle Ages
1469:Artillery of France in the Middle Ages
1302:San Yan Chong three barrel hand cannon
1002:
957:
778:
663:
433:
1537:Gunpowder weapons in the Song dynasty
1106:
886:
621:
348:as the foot soldier's main armament.
321:came from the island where a Chinese
1037:
972:
962:. Osprey Publishing Ltd. p. 19.
805:
569:
143:A later addition to the gun was the
1372:Girardoni M1780 repeating air rifle
678:Science & Civilisation in China
400:
24:
863:Firearms: A Global History to 1700
395:Japanese invasion of Taiwan (1895)
315:captured by the Portuguese in 1510
25:
1944:
1086:
960:Imperial Chinese Armies 1840â1911
78:Engraving of musketeers from the
1091:
196:Japanese peasant foot soldiers (
1058:
996:
973:Cana, Frank Richardson (1911).
966:
951:
922:
907:
880:
826:
799:
772:
752:
709:
572:50 Weapons That Changed Warfare
1897:Category:Early modern firearms
1405:Kalthoff M1630 repeating rifle
1376:Hartingk M1670 repeating rifle
642:
615:
588:
540:
513:
502:
497:Merriam-Webster.com dictionary
473:
421:. Tibetan nomad fighters used
69:
13:
1:
1362:Cookson M1750 repeating rifle
1342:Belton M1777 repeating musket
860:Kenneth Warren Chase (2003).
499:. Retrieved October 13, 2022.
467:
239:
188:Timeline of the gunpowder age
1488:Byzantine fire tube (cannon)
918:. Texto Editora. p. 26.
833:Garrett, Richard J. (2010).
305:seems to have been based on
7:
1629:Medieval large calibre guns
1277:Nock M1779 seven barrel gun
1247:Huo Qiang lance hand cannon
914:Daehnhardt, Rainer (1994).
762:, saqu Books, 2006, p. 129
595:Richard J. Garrett (2010).
548:"Handgonnes and Matchlocks"
455:
89:Various Japanese (samurai)
10:
1949:
1367:M1696 French common musket
1065:Goldstein, Melvyn (1990).
785:. I.B.Tauris. p. 41.
446:-winning children's novel
181:
177:
1892:
1859:
1796:
1710:Byzantine rocket launcher
1690:
1628:
1484:Breech-loading swivel gun
1453:
1328:
1297:Puckle Î1717 revolver gun
1172:
1144:
806:Dale, Stephen F. (2018).
427:Chinese invasion of Tibet
1320:Tu Huo Qiang hand cannon
1267:Meriam kecil hand cannon
1232:Heilongjiang hand cannon
1192:Bedil tumbak hand cannon
1040:"Tibetan Arms and Armor"
50:is a historical type of
1902:Category:Early firearms
1719:Fierce-fire Oil Cabinet
986:EncyclopĂŚdia Britannica
958:Jowett, Philip (2016).
887:Lidin, Olof G. (2002).
779:Elgood, Robert (1995).
716:Ăgoston, GĂĄbor (2011).
520:Ăgoston, GĂĄbor (2005).
425:for warfare during the
1306:Shou Chong hand cannon
1164:History of the firearm
622:Blair, Claude (1962).
570:Weir, William (2005).
410:
284:
246:
209:
113:
98:
82:
39:
1752:rocket arrow launcher
1746:rocket arrow launcher
1730:Fire crow rocket bomb
1357:Che Dian Chong musket
1242:Huo Chong hand cannon
1100:at Wikimedia Commons
734:10.1353/kri.2011.0018
408:
282:
237:
195:
182:Further information:
104:
88:
77:
33:
1739:Hale rocket launcher
1430:Spanish M1752 musket
1310:Tanegashima arquebus
1212:English horse pistol
1154:History of gunpowder
1038:La Rocca, Donald J.
929:Noel Perrin (1979).
648:Dale Taylor (1997),
379:Taiwanese aborigines
327:Tanegashima Tokitaka
184:History of gunpowder
108:(쥰ě´/鳼é), the Korean
38:with serpentine lock
1758:(Chinese petroleum)
1649:Dardanelles bombard
1620:Wuwei Bronze Cannon
1572:Obusier de vaisseau
523:Guns for the Sultan
434:Literary references
1788:Thunder crash bomb
1435:Springfield musket
1352:Charleville musket
1252:Istinggar arquebus
1098:Matchlock firearms
937:. David R Godine.
682:The Gunpowder Epic
628:. B. T. Batsford.
411:
297:, was through the
285:
247:
210:
114:
99:
83:
40:
1910:
1909:
1798:Firing mechanisms
1777:Petroleum naphtha
1682:Pumhart von Steyr
1645:Byzantine bombard
1547:Hu Dun Pao cannon
1347:Brown Bess musket
1096:Media related to
1044:www.metmuseum.org
976:"Abyssinia"
944:978-0-87923-773-8
900:978-87-91114-12-0
873:978-0-521-82274-9
846:978-988-8028-49-8
792:978-1-85043-963-9
768:978-0-86356-740-7
758:Godfrey Goodwin:
680:, vol. V:7:
608:978-988-8028-49-8
581:978-1-56414-756-1
533:978-0-521-84313-3
449:The Matchlock Gun
440:Walter D. Edmonds
80:Thirty Years' War
27:Firearm mechanism
16:(Redirected from
1940:
1582:Pierrier a boite
1315:Toradar arquebus
1262:Jiaozhi arquebus
1187:Bajozutsu pistol
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981:Chisholm, Hugh
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893:. NIAS Press.
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1552:Korean cannon
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1390:Jezail musket
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444:Newbery Award
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381:. During the
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301:in 1543. The
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34:Early German
32:
19:
1831:Muzzleloader
1820:
1806:Breechloader
1784:rocket arrow
1756:Meng Huo You
1707:rocket arrow
1697:incendiaries
1669:Grose Bochse
1615:Wankou Chong
1090:
1066:
1060:
1048:. Retrieved
1043:
1033:
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984:
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721:
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704:Needham 1986
699:
681:
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649:
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571:
551:. Retrieved
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522:
515:
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496:
475:
447:
437:
412:
368:
353:
350:
335:
330:
318:
313:, which was
306:
302:
292:
286:
267:
248:
223:Ottoman Army
214:
211:
208:(matchlocks)
203:
197:
173:
161:powder horns
157:
150:
142:
138:
121:
115:
109:
105:
94:
93:matchlocks (
54:wherein the
47:
43:
41:
1869:Huolongjing
1861:Literatures
1664:Faule Mette
1659:Faule Grete
1654:Dulle Griet
1517:Ekor lotong
1479:Baton a feu
1380:Jäger rifle
1272:Muff pistol
1227:Hand mortar
1222:Hand cannon
1197:Blunderbuss
1011:: 215â218.
747:disputable.
331:tanegashima
319:tanegashima
303:tanegashima
294:tanegashima
255:hand cannon
243: 1580
205:tanegashima
95:tanegashima
70:Description
64:hand cannon
1917:Categories
1772:Pen Huo Qi
1734:Greek fire
1725:Fire arrow
1610:Xanadu Gun
1597:Swivel gun
1587:Pot de fer
1527:Fauconneau
1217:Fire lance
553:2008-12-05
489:slow match
468:References
423:arquebuses
415:Sven Hedin
360:slingshots
299:Portuguese
270:Portuguese
134:gun barrel
130:touch hole
122:serpentine
118:slow match
91:Edo-period
1879:Wubei Zhi
1851:Wheellock
1836:Snaphance
1821:Matchlock
1816:Flintlock
1782:Singijeon
1605:Veuglaire
1601:Tarasnice
1577:Organ gun
1542:Hongyipao
1507:Chongtong
1497:Carronade
1456:artillery
1420:Musketoon
1287:Pepperbox
1050:26 August
660:, p. 159.
485:wheellock
481:flintlock
371:Qing rule
356:Abyssinia
346:flintlock
342:snaphance
338:wheellock
265:in 1526.
219:Janissary
217:) by the
202:) firing
169:snaphance
165:wheellock
126:flash pan
110:matchlock
56:gunpowder
44:matchlock
1841:Snaplock
1674:Mons Meg
1522:Falconet
1512:Culverin
1474:Basilisk
1440:Wall gun
1282:Petronel
1182:Arquebus
1174:Firearms
1149:Timeline
742:19755686
676:(1986),
493:Firelock
462:Arquebus
456:See also
419:Xinjiang
340:and the
251:arquebus
228:Austrian
199:ashigaru
48:firelock
1933:Muskets
1811:Doglock
1767:Naphtha
1744:Huo Che
1705:Bo-hiya
1693:rockets
1641:Basilic
1636:Bombard
1557:Lantaka
1502:Cetbang
1334:muskets
1025:1798118
983:(ed.).
178:History
112:muskets
106:Jochong
60:trigger
52:firearm
1750:Hwacha
1691:Early
1592:Prangi
1567:Mortar
1492:Cannon
1454:Early
1415:Musket
1395:Jingal
1330:Rifles
1292:Pistol
1207:Dragon
1073:
1023:
941:
897:
870:
843:
816:
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766:
740:
688:
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632:
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530:
373:, the
369:Under
145:rifled
36:musket
1021:JSTOR
979:. In
809:Babur
738:S2CID
495:. In
375:Hakka
289:Japan
263:Babur
259:India
215:tĂźfek
1695:and
1562:Lela
1464:Abus
1332:and
1136:and
1071:ISBN
1052:2018
939:ISBN
895:ISBN
868:ISBN
841:ISBN
814:ISBN
787:ISBN
764:ISBN
686:ISBN
654:ISBN
630:ISBN
603:ISBN
576:ISBN
528:ISBN
483:and
389:and
323:junk
186:and
167:and
1013:doi
730:doi
364:Ras
287:In
261:by
46:or
1919::
1069:.
1042:.
1019:.
1009:25
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726:12
724:.
720:.
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240:c.
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1015::
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903:.
876:.
849:.
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795:.
732::
638:.
611:.
584:.
556:.
536:.
245:)
97:)
20:)
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