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232:). The approved provision ruled that, in order to be eligible to be part of the Council, members were required to either have been Councilors at least once in the past four years, or to be patrilinealy related to a former Councilor. In order to better time the entrance of new members, 40 young men would be selected each year by means of a lottery, and their names inscribed in the list of candidates.
200:, the aristocratic party presented a bill to reform the eligibility criteria for the Great Council, with the purpose of limiting its members to those who had already joined the Council or those whose paternal relatives held the position of Councilman. The proposal also required that candidates without family credentials could run for a position only upon joint approval on behalf of the Doge, the
228:, who was the leader of the aristocratic party, was elected Doge of the Republic. After 6 years he submitted a new lockout provision drawing on drafts of the previous ones. On 6 March 1296 the proposal was rejected by a narrow majority. Finally, after new yearly elections (29 September 1296), the Council approved the bill on 28 February 1297 (that is, the last month of 1296, according to the
142:. This resulted in the exclusion of minor aristocrats and plebeians from participating in the government of the Republic. Although formerly provisional, the Ordinance later became a permanent Act, and since that time it was disregarded only at times of political or financial crisis (e.g. after the war against the
343:
According to Diego Puga and Daniel
Trefler, the Serrata del Maggior Consiglio (which parliamentary participation hereditary) lead to barriers to participation in the most profitable aspects of long-distance trade. This diminished the ability of members outside the hereditary aristocracy from
291:'s 1300 attempted coup. The failure of his conspiracy triggered the approval of a new provision (22 March 1300), which raised the threshold for the admission of upstart candidates by the Council of Forty (requiring 20 votes instead of the former 12 needed for election).
348:. This stratification in political and economic power led to a fundamental shift from political openness, economic competitiveness, and social mobility and lead to political closure, extreme economic inequality, and social stratification and stiffness.
320:
The final lockout occurred in 1319. The election of new candidates was ultimately abolished and the status of
Councillor became automatic for all male patricians aged 25 or above. An exception was made every year for 30 young
313:): namely, a demographic registry that included the names of all the eligible candidates aged 18 or above. The creation of the Golden Book was followed by the enactment of even stricter rules against up-starters (
259:
All those who had to renounce their seat in the
Council (e.g. because they were abroad or unable to stay in charge due to other commitments) could be admitted again, but only upon approval of the Council of
250:
In order to be elected, candidates needed a minimum of 12 votes in a session with 30 attendants (75% of the
Council of Forty), provided the voting session was notified to them with at least a 3 days notice;
212:). After this bill was rejected, another bill was proposed, which required new entrants to be subject to approval on behalf of outgoing Councilmen. However, even this proposal was rejected.
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329:, who were allowed to join at the age of 20. Since then, the Great Council positions remained hereditary. Eventually, this led to the dismissal of the obsolete people's assembly (
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181:. It originally functioned as an extension of the people's assembly, and its members were elected on a yearly basis, with the general election usually falling on the day of
244:
The Forty had the duty to compile a list of previous
Councilors who held a position in the past 4 years. Whoever appeared in such list met the eligibility criteria;
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268:
Abrogation was subject to the approval of at least: 5 members of the Minor
Council, 25 members of the Council of Forty, and two thirds of the Great Council;
461:
298:. The conspiracy was averted by the Doge Pietro Gradenigo. As a reaction to the conspiracy, the government instituted a new special court—that is, the
271:
The
Provision had to be verified and ratified with a Council vote taking place twenty-five days before the next Saint Michael's day (4 September 1298);
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The 1297 Provision empowered the
Council of the Forty, granting it the following rights and duties with regards to the election of the Great Council:
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The Act was ratified in
September 1298, and again in 1299. Its approval caused unrest among the people's party, which eventually led to
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A second wave of limitations occurred in 1307. This led to another attempted coup (1310), on behalf of a faction led by
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Over the years, the Great
Council became the bone of contention between the people's party, which aimed to preserve the
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was required to elect three representatives (up to seven since 1230), who had the duty to nominate the Councillors.
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130:) refers to the constitutional process, started with the 1297 Ordinance, by means of which membership of the
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Once elected, Councilors would hold the position until the next day of Saint Michael (29 September 1297);
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In 1315, the process of compiling lists of candidates was formalized thanks to the creation of the
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382:"International Trade and Institutional Change: Medieval Venice's Response to Globalization"
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Councilors could be confirmed for the next year, as part of the normal election process;
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If the Provision was not ratified, Councilors were expected to pay a penalty to the
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became hereditary. Since it was the Great Council that had the right to elect the
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participating in political decisions and in economic processes such as the
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The Forty had also the duty to elect the Great Council on a yearly basis.
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185:(29 September). Later, in 1207 the election system was changed; the
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The Provision also made explicit the conditions for its annulment:
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370:, Chapter IX, The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1973.
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380:Puga, Diego; Trefler, Daniel (2014-05-01).
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813: Administrative magistracies
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106:Learn how and when to remove this message
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167:was assisted by a Council of Wise Men (
1159:13th century in the Republic of Venice
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1144:Government of the Republic of Venice
171:) elected by the people's assembly (
44:adding citations to reliable sources
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788: Judicial magistracies
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861:Riformatori dello studio di Padova
386:The Quarterly Journal of Economics
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826:Provveditori sopra beni communali
803: Fiscal magistracies
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325:, randomly chosen on the day of
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55:"Serrata del Maggior Consiglio"
31:needs additional citations for
667: Principal organs
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522:Serrata del Maggior Consiglio
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128:Serrata del Maggior Consiglio
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919:Provveditore Generale da Mar
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526:Wars of expansion in Italy
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368:Venice, a Maritime Republic
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236:Content of the Provision
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132:Great Council of Venice
866:Magistrato alla SanitĂ
821:Provveditori all'Armar
161:Commonwealth of Venice
892:Conflicts and battles
856:Magistrato alle pompe
816:Magistrato alle acque
781:Correttori alle Leggi
552:Ottoman–Venetian wars
517:Venetian–Genoese wars
224:On 25 November 1289,
216:The First "Lockout" (
155:Historical background
120:Great Council Lockout
1050:Venetian Renaissance
806:Camerlenghi di Comun
598:Domini di Terraferma
169:Consilium Sapientium
40:improve this article
1080:Accademia Veneziana
1045:Gothic architecture
776:Avogadoria de ComĂąn
1097:Carnival of Venice
796:Lords of the Night
720:Savi di Terraferma
715:Savi del Consiglio
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51:Find sources:
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41:
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29:This article
27:
23:
18:
17:
1149:1290s in law
1055:Architecture
1002:Via de Zenta
710:Full College
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603:Stato da MĂ r
545:Italian Wars
530:War of Padua
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38:Please help
33:verification
30:
335:) in 1423.
315:homini novi
311:Libro d'Oro
307:Golden Book
1138:Categories
742:Patriciate
660:Government
352:References
346:colleganza
323:patricians
204:, and the
194:status quo
96:April 2016
66:newspapers
1164:Oligarchy
1087:Bucentaur
1060:Humanists
675:Dogaressa
575:Geography
408:0033-5533
210:Quarantia
159:When the
1115:Category
1070:Painting
880:Military
791:Auditors
653:Politics
613:Dalmatia
591:Sestieri
493:Timeline
419:See also
140:Republic
1029:Culture
960:Coinage
944:Economy
841:Censori
488:History
481:History
339:Effects
218:Serrata
150:History
124:Italian
80:scholar
754:Senate
689:Concio
628:Cyprus
608:Istria
586:Dogado
475:
406:
332:Concio
260:Forty.
187:Concio
174:Concio
82:
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61:
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1122:Index
1065:Music
970:Zecca
924:Ranks
747:Zonta
638:Morea
633:Crete
87:JSTOR
73:books
1092:Flag
1014:Muda
965:Lira
670:Doge
557:Fall
404:ISSN
165:Doge
136:Doge
118:The
59:news
394:doi
390:129
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42:by
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