Seven Days Battles

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due east to attack the Federal rear guard. Stonewall Jackson, commanding three divisions, was to rebuild a bridge over the Chickahominy and head due south to Savage's Station, where he would link up with Magruder and deliver a strong blow that might cause the Union Army to turn around and fight during its retreat. McClellan's rear guard at Savage's Station consisted five divisions from Sumner's II Corps, Heintzelman's III Corps, and Franklin's VI Corps. McClellan considered his senior corps commander, Sumner, to be incompetent, so he appointed no one to command the rear guard.

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16,000 men and officers had been killed, wounded, or captured between June 25 and July 1, particularly in the V Corps, which had done the heaviest fighting. Also, the survivors were extremely tired after a week of fighting and marching with little food or sleep, most of the artillery ammunition had been used up, and the summer weather was taking its toll with the army sick lists getting longer and longer. Meanwhile, the equally exhausted Army of Northern Virginia, with no reason to remain in the James bottomlands, pulled back to the Richmond lines to lick its wounds.

205: 176: 1878: 1429:. He also believed that the diversions by Huger and Magruder south of the river meant that he was seriously outnumbered. (He reported to Washington that he faced 200,000 Confederates, but there were actually 85,000.) This was a strategic decision of grave importance because it meant that, without the railroad to supply his army, he would be forced to abandon his siege of Richmond. A.P. Hill, now with Longstreet and D.H. Hill behind him, continued his attack, despite orders from Lee to hold his ground. His assault was beaten back with heavy casualties. 795: 1304: 1296: 1288: 546: 1280: 831: 813: 1654:, attempting to rebuild a destroyed bridge (although adequate fords were nearby), and engaging in a pointless artillery duel. Jackson's inaction allowed some units to be detached from Franklin's corps in late afternoon to reinforce the Union troops at Glendale. Holmes's relatively inexperienced troops made no progress against Porter at Turkey Bridge on Malvern Hill, even with the reinforcements from Magruder, and were repulsed by effective artillery fire and by Federal gunboats on the James. 1775:

3:30 p.m. and Armistead's brigade made some progress through lines of Union sharpshooters. By 4 p.m., Magruder arrived and he was ordered forward to support Armistead. His attack was piecemeal and poorly organized. Meanwhile, D. H. Hill launched his division forward along the Quaker Road, past Willis Church. Across the entire line of battle, the Confederate troops reached only within 200 yards (180 m) of the Union Center and were repulsed by nightfall with heavy losses. Maj. Gen.

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push the narrow defensive line of one of Sedgwick's brigades. Sumner managed this part of the battle erratically, selecting regiments for combat from multiple brigades almost at random. By the time all of these units reached the front, the two sides were at rough parity—two brigades each. Although Magruder had been conservative about his attack, Sumner was even more so. Of the 26 regiments he had in his corps, only 10 were engaged at Savage's Station.

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the need for a direct frontal assault.) Following this, Longstreet and D.H. Hill would pass through Mechanicsville and join the battle. Huger and Magruder would provide diversions on their fronts to distract McClellan as to Lee's real intentions. Lee hoped that Porter would be overwhelmed from two sides by the mass of 65,000 men, and the two leading Confederate divisions would move on Cold Harbor and cut McClellan's communications with White House Landing.

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Swamp crossing while the largest part of Lee's army, some 45,000 men, would attack the Army of the Potomac in mid-retreat at Glendale, about 2 miles (3.2 km) southwest, splitting it in two. Huger's division would strike first after a three-mile (5 km) march on the Charles City Road, supported by Longstreet and A.P. Hill, whose divisions were about 7 miles (11 km) to the west, in a mass attack. Holmes was ordered to capture Malvern Hill.

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McClellan had personally moved south of Malvern Hill after Gaines's Mill without leaving directions for corps movements during the retreat nor naming a second in command. Clouds of black smoke filled the air as the Union troops were ordered to burn anything they could not carry. Union morale plummeted, particularly so for those wounded, who realized that they were not being evacuated from Savage's Station with the rest of the Army.

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Chickahominy and he received a garbled order from Lee's chief of staff that made him believe he should stay north of the river and guard the crossings. These failures of the Confederate plan were being matched on the Union side, however. Heintzelman decided on his own that his corps was not needed to defend Savage's Station, so he decided to follow the rest of the army without informing his fellow generals.

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missing or captured). Since the Confederate assault was conducted against only a small portion of the Union Army (the V Corps, one fifth of the army), the army emerged from the battle in relatively good shape overall. However, although McClellan had already planned to shift his supply base to the James River, his defeat unnerved him and he precipitously decided to abandon his advance on Richmond.

638:; McClellan accommodated this by sitting passively to his front, waiting for dry weather and roads, until the start of the Seven Days. Lee, who had developed a reputation for caution early in the war, knew he had no numerical superiority over McClellan, but he planned an offensive campaign that was the first indication of the aggressive nature he would display for the remainder of the war. 1866:, but McClellan retained command of the Army of the Potomac. Meanwhile, Robert E. Lee embarked on a thorough reorganization of the Army of Northern Virginia by forming it into two corps, commanded by James Longstreet and Stonewall Jackson. Lee also removed several generals, such as John Magruder and Benjamin Huger, who had performed poorly during the Seven Days Battles. 1787:, the Confederates had an opportunity to dominate the Union camps, making their position on the bank of the James potentially untenable; although the Confederate position would be subjected to Union naval gunfire, the heights were an exceptionally strong defensive position that would have been very difficult for the Union to capture with infantry. Cavalry commander 1708:'s division, which had units both in reserve and around White Oak Swamp, came up to fill a gap after a brutal counterattack. Heavy fighting continued until about 8:30 p.m. Longstreet committed virtually every brigade in the divisions under his command, while on the Union side they had been fed in individually to plug holes in the line as they occurred. 709:

to 5000 men (Theophilus Holmes's division). Confederate reports listed only combat troops and excluded non-combatants such as couriers, staff officers, and wagon drivers. Jackson's command was severely understrength from the Valley campaign and his own division had less than 2000 men, most of them being in the Stonewall Brigade while the brigades of

1681:'s Virginians charged through the thick woods first and emerged in front of five batteries of McCall's artillery. In their first combat experience, the brigade conducted a disorderly but enthusiastic assault, which carried them through the guns and broke through McCall's main line with Jenkins's support, followed up a few hours later by Brig. Gen. 1650:

battle. Magruder marched around aimlessly, unable to decide whether he should be aiding Longstreet or Holmes; by 4 p.m., Lee ordered Magruder to join Holmes on the River Road and attack Malvern Hill. Stonewall Jackson moved slowly and spent the entire day north of the creek, making only feeble efforts to cross and attack Franklin's VI Corps in the

1751:. Magruder was ordered to follow Jackson and deploy to his right when he reached the battlefield. Huger's division was to follow as well, but Lee reserved the right to position him based on developments. The divisions of Longstreet and A.P. Hill, which had been the most heavily engaged in Glendale the previous day, were held in reserve. 1456:

the army could change its base of supply to the James River. Several of McClellan's subordinates urged him to attack Magruder's division south of the river, but he feared the vast numbers of Confederates he believed to be before him and refused to capitalize on the overwhelming superiority he actually held on that front.

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specifying any exact routes of withdrawal and without designating a second-in-command. For the remainder of the Seven Days, he had no direct command of the battles. The Union retreat across the Chickahominy after Gaines's Mill was a psychological victory for the Confederacy, signaling that Richmond was out of danger.

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divisions of Huger and Jackson, despite their concentration within a three-mile (5 km) radius. They assaulted the disjointed Union line of 40,000 men, arranged in a two-mile (3 km) arc north and south of the Glendale intersection, but the brunt of the fighting was centered on the position held by the

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McClellan wrote a series of letters to the War Department to argue that he was facing upwards of 200,000 Confederates and that he needed major reinforcements to launch a renewed offensive on Richmond. McPherson notes that the maximum number of Army of Northern Virginia troops that Lee could bring was

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and the White House supply depot on the York River. That information, plus the sighting of large dust clouds south of the Chickahominy River, finally convinced Lee that McClellan was heading for the James. Until this time, Lee anticipated that McClellan would be withdrawing to the east to protect his

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By the morning of June 27, the Union forces were concentrated into a semicircle with Porter collapsing his line into an east–west salient north of the river and the four corps south of the river remaining in their original positions. McClellan ordered Porter to hold Gaines's Mill at all costs so that

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The average strength of a division in the Army of the Potomac was about 9000 men (including non-combatants) with Casey's division being the smallest at around 7000 and Morell's being the largest at 11,000 men. The average strength of Confederate divisions varied from 12,000 men (A.P. Hill's division)

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Lee's initial attack plan, similar to Johnston's plan at Seven Pines, paper was complex and required expert coordination and execution by all of his subordinates, but Lee knew that he could not win in a battle of attrition or siege against the Union Army. It was developed at a meeting on June 23. The

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The effects of the Seven Days Battles were widespread. After a successful start on the Peninsula, which foretold an early end to the war, Northern morale was crushed by McClellan's retreat. Despite heavy casualties, which the less populated South could ill afford, and clumsy tactical performances by

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Both sides suffered heavy casualties. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia suffered about 20,000 casualties (3,494 killed, 15,758 wounded, and 952 captured or missing) out of a total of over 90,000 soldiers during the Seven Days. McClellan reported casualties of about 16,000 (1,734 killed, 8,062 wounded,

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The Seven Days Battles ended the Peninsula Campaign. Malvern Hill was not a tenable position in which to stay, and the Army of the Potomac quickly withdrew to Harrison's Landing, where it was protected by Union gunboats on the James River. The army was in no condition for a renewed offensive; nearly

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At 2 p.m., as they waited for sounds of Huger's expected attack, Lee, Longstreet, and visiting Confederate President Jefferson Davis were conferring on horseback when they came under heavy artillery fire, wounding two men and killing three horses. A.P. Hill, the commander in that sector, ordered the

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Lee devised a complex plan to pursue and destroy McClellan's army. Longstreet's and A.P. Hill's divisions looped back toward Richmond and then southeast to the crossroads at Glendale, Holmes's division headed farther south, to the vicinity of Malvern Hill, and Magruder's division was ordered to move

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Overall, the battle was a Union tactical victory, in which the Confederates suffered significant casualties and achieved none of their specific objectives due to the seriously flawed execution of Lee's plan. Instead of over 60,000 men crushing the enemy's flank, only five brigades, about 15,000 men,

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Lee's plan called for Jackson to begin the attack on Porter's north flank early on June 26. A.P. Hill's Light Division was to advance from Meadow Bridge when he heard Jackson's guns, clear the Union pickets from Mechanicsville, and then move to Beaver Dam Creek. D.H. Hill and Longstreet were to pass

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Lee intended for Jackson to attack Porter's right flank early on the morning of June 26, and A.P. Hill would move from Meadow Bridge to Beaver Dam Creek, which flows into the Chickahominy, advancing on the Federal trenches. (Lee hoped that Porter would evacuate his trenches under pressure, obviating

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Once again, Lee's complex plan was poorly executed. The approaching soldiers were delayed by severely muddy roads and poor maps. Jackson arrived at the swampy creek called Western Run and stopped abruptly. Magruder's guides mistakenly sent him on the Long Bridge Road to the southwest, away from the

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Although belated and not initiated as planned, the assaults by the divisions of A.P. Hill and Longstreet, under Longstreet's overall command, turned out to be the only ones to follow Lee's order to attack the main Union concentration. Longstreet's 20,000 men were not reinforced by other Confederate

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The Confederate plan was once again marred by poor execution. Huger's men were slowed by felled trees obstructing the Charles City Road, spending hours chopping a new road through the thick woods. Huger failed to take any alternative route, and, fearing a counterattack, failed to participate in the

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Magruder was faced with the problem of attacking Sumner's 26,600 men with his own 14,000. He hesitated until 5 p.m., when he sent only two and a half brigades forward. Union artillery opened fire and pickets were sent forward to meet the assault. The two brigade front of Kershaw and Semmes began to

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On Sunday, June 29, the bulk of McClellan's army concentrated around Savage's Station on the Richmond and York River Railroad, a Federal supply depot since just before Seven Pines, preparing for a difficult crossing through and around White Oak Swamp. It did so without centralized direction because

1542:'s brigade forward to "feel the enemy." Toombs, a Georgia politician with a disdain for professional officers, instead launched a sharp attack at dusk against Baldy Smith's VI Corps division near Old Tavern at the farm of James M. Garnett. The attack was easily repulsed by the brigade of Brig. Gen. 1400:

Lee's intricate plan went awry immediately. Jackson's men, fatigued from their recent campaign and lengthy march, ran at least four hours behind schedule. By 3 p.m., A.P. Hill grew impatient and began his attack without orders, a frontal assault with 11,000 men. Porter extended and strengthened his

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The Confederate army was not a proper unified command as the Army of the Potomac was, but simply a thrown-together collection of all the troops that could be gathered for the defense of Richmond. This contributed to the poor coordination of the army during the battles and the inability of Robert E.

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was imminent (McClellan was aware of Jackson's presence at Ashland Station, but did nothing to reinforce Porter's vulnerable corps north of the river). He decided to resume the offensive before Lee could. Anticipating Jackson's reinforcements marching from the north, he increased cavalry patrols on

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The Seven Days ended with McClellan's army in relative safety next to the James River, having suffered almost 16,000 casualties during the retreat. Lee's army, which had been on the offensive during the Seven Days, lost over 20,000. As Lee became convinced that McClellan would not resume his threat

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Most elements of the Union Army had been able to cross White Oak Swamp Creek by noon on June 30. About one third of the army had reached the James River, but the remainder was still marching between White Oak Swamp and Glendale. After inspecting the line of march that morning, McClellan rode south

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There were about 1,500 casualties on both sides, plus 2,500 previously wounded Union soldiers who were left to be captured when their field hospital was evacuated. Stonewall Jackson eventually crossed the river by about 2:30 a.m. on June 30, but it was too late to crush the Union Army, as Lee

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The night of June 27, McClellan ordered his entire army to withdraw to a secure base at Harrison's Landing on the James River. His actions have puzzled military historians ever since. The Union army was in a good position, having withstood strong Confederate attacks while only deploying one of its

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from 3 miles (4.8 km) away. McClellan ordered his men to withdraw back to their entrenchments, mystifying his subordinates on the scene. Arriving at the front at 1 p.m., seeing that the situation was not as bad as he had feared, McClellan ordered his men forward to retake the ground for which

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replied that McClellan's requests were impossible and that if the Confederate army was really as large as he claimed, trying to reinforce him with Pope and Burnside's commands in Northern Virginia would be suicide since the Confederates could easily crush either Union army with their overwhelming

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Jackson and his command arrived late in the afternoon and he ordered his troops to bivouac for the evening while a major battle was raging within earshot. His proximity to Porter's flank caused McClellan to order Porter to withdraw after dark behind Boatswain's Swamp, 5 miles (8.0 km) to the

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Lee ordered his army to converge on the retreating Union forces, bottlenecked on the inadequate road network. The Army of the Potomac, lacking overall command coherence, presented a discontinuous, ragged defensive line. Stonewall Jackson was ordered to press the Union rear guard at the White Oak

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McClellan ordered Keyes's IV Corps to move west of Glendale and protect the army's withdrawal, while Porter was sent to the high ground at Malvern Hill to develop defensive positions. The supply trains were ordered to move south toward the river. McClellan departed for Harrison's Landing without

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offered good observation and artillery positions, having been prepared the previous day by Porter's V Corps. McClellan himself was not present on the battlefield, having preceded his army to Harrison's Landing on the James, and Porter was the most senior of the corps commanders. The slopes were

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Gaines's Mill was the only clear-cut Confederate tactical victory of the Peninsula Campaign. Union casualties from the 34,214 engaged were 6,837 (894 killed, 3,107 wounded, and 2,836 captured or missing). Of the 57,018 Confederates engaged, losses totaled 7,993 (1,483 killed, 6,402 wounded, 108

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Lee continued his offensive on June 27, launching the largest Confederate attack of the war, about 57,000 men in six divisions. A.P. Hill resumed his attack across Beaver Dam Creek early in the morning, but found the line lightly defended. By early afternoon, he ran into strong opposition where

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McClellan planned to advance to the west, along the axis of the Williamsburg Road, in the direction of Richmond. Between the two armies was a small, dense forest, 1,200 yards (1,100 m) wide, bisected by the headwaters of White Oak Swamp. Two divisions of the III Corps were selected for the

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Unfortunately for Lee, Henry Hunt struck first, launching one of the greatest artillery barrages in the war from 1 p.m. to 2:30 p.m. The Union gunners had superior equipment and expertise and disabled most of the Confederate batteries. Despite the setback, Lee sent his infantry forward at

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The battle was tactically inconclusive, although Lee failed to achieve his objective of preventing the Federal escape and crippling McClellan's army, if not destroying it. Union casualties were 3,797, Confederate about the same at 3,673, but more than 40% higher in killed and wounded. Although

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The armies that fought in the Seven Days Battles comprised almost 200,000 men, which offered the potential for the largest battles of the war. However, the inexperience or caution of the generals involved usually prevented the appropriate concentration of forces and mass necessary for decisive

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Initial contact between the armies occurred at 9 a.m. on June 29, a four-regiment fight about 2 miles (3.2 km) west of Savage's Station, lasting for about two hours before disengaging. Meanwhile, Jackson was not advancing as Lee had planned. He was taking time to rebuild bridges over the

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The minor battle was McClellan's only tactical offensive action against Richmond. His attack gained only 600 yards (550 m) at a cost of over 1,000 casualties on both sides and was not strong enough to derail the offensive planned by Robert E. Lee, which had already been set in motion.

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My conscience is clear at least to this extent—viz.: that I have honestly done the best I could; I shall leave it to others to decide whether that was the best that could have been done—& if they find any who can do better am perfectly willing to step aside & give way.

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and ordered it to be sent to the Peninsula to reinforce him. But Lee had unnerved him, and he surrendered the initiative. He sent a telegram to the Secretary of War that included the statement: "If I save this Army now I tell you plainly that I owe no thanks to you or any other persons in

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or Fair Oaks on May 31 and June 1. The battle was inconclusive, with heavy casualties, but it had lasting effects on the campaign. Johnston was wounded and replaced on June 1 by the more aggressive Robert E. Lee. Lee spent almost a month extending his defensive lines and organizing his

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These were the only attacks south of the Chickahominy River in conjunction with Gaines's Mill, but they helped to convince McClellan that he was being subjected to attacks from all directions, increasing his anxiety and his determination to get his army to safety at the James.

668:) to hold a line of entrenchments against McClellan's superior strength. This would concentrate about 65,500 troops to oppose 30,000, leaving only 25,000 to protect Richmond and to contain the other 60,000 men of the Union Army. The Confederate cavalry under Brig. Gen. 1460:

Porter had deployed along Boatswain's Creek; the swampy terrain was a major obstacle to the attack. As Longstreet arrived to the south of A.P. Hill, he saw the difficulty of attacking over such terrain and delayed until Stonewall Jackson could attack on Hill's left.

1370:'s brigade, in their first combat engagement, delivered a perfectly synchronized volley of rifle fire against Sickles's brigade, breaking up its delayed attack and sending the 71st New York into a panicked retreat, which Sickles described as "disgraceful confusion." 728:. They were reinforced with Roswell Ripley's brigade, newly arrived from North Carolina, and numbering 2300 men, bringing the total strength of Hill's command to 10,000 men. James Longstreet's division numbered 9050 men on June 25 according to army ordnance chief 688:

likely avenues of approach. He wanted to advance his siege artillery about a mile and a half closer to the city by taking the high ground on Nine Mile Road around Old Tavern. In preparation for that, he planned an attack on Oak Grove, south of Old Tavern and the

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On June 28, Toombs again was ordered to conduct a reconnaissance, but turned it into an attack over the same ground, meeting the enemy at the farm of Simon Gouldin (also known as Golding). Toombs took it upon himself to order his fellow brigade commander, Col.

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This was the first of four occasions within the next seven days when Jackson would fail to display initiative, resourcefulness, or dependability—the very qualities that were later to raise him to the stature of one of the foremost military leaders.

1735:, McClellan's chief of artillery. Beyond this space, the terrain was swampy and thickly wooded. Almost the entire Army of the Potomac occupied the hill and the line extended in a vast semicircle from Harrison's Landing on the extreme right to Brig. Gen. 1742:

Rather than flanking the position, Lee attacked it directly, hoping that his artillery would clear the way for a successful infantry assault. His plan was to attack the hill from the north on the Quaker Road, using the divisions of Stonewall Jackson,

1362:, then through the upper portions of the creek, and finally met stiff Confederate resistance, all of which threw the Federal line out of alignment. Huger took advantage of the confusion by launching a counterattack with the brigade of Brig. Gen. 659:

in an L-shaped line facing north–south behind Beaver Dam Creek and southeast along the Chickahominy. Lee's plan was to cross the Chickahominy with the bulk of his army to attack the Union north flank, leaving only two divisions (under Maj. Gens.

732:. It had numbered close to 12,000 men prior to losses at Seven Pines. Benjamin Huger's division numbered approximately 8600 men. William Whiting had around 4000 men in his two brigades. John Magruder's three divisions numbered about 13,000 men. 1433:

had seen action. Their losses were 1,484 versus Porter's 361. Despite the short-term Union success, however, it was the start of a strategic debacle. McClellan began to withdraw his army to the southeast and never regained the initiative.

3437: 1554:, to join the assault. Two of Anderson's regiments, the 7th and 8th Georgia, preceded Toombs's brigade into the assault and were subjected to a vigorous Federal counterattack by the 49th Pennsylvania and 43rd New York, losing 156 men. 1592:"—the first instance of an armored railroad battery to be used in combat—bombarded the Union front, with some of its shells reaching as far to the rear as the field hospital. The final action of the evening was as the 1401:

right flank and fell back to concentrate along Beaver Dam Creek and Ellerson's Mill. There, 14,000 well entrenched soldiers, aided by 32 guns in six batteries, repulsed repeated Confederate attacks with substantial casualties.

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and 6,053 captured or missing) out of a total of 105,445. Despite their victory, many Confederates were stunned by the losses. The number of casualties in the Seven Days Battles surpassed the total number of casualties in the

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For the second day, Magruder was able to continue fooling McClellan south of the river by employing minor diversionary attacks. He was able to occupy 60,000 Federal troops while the heavier action occurred north of the river.

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in fact 92,000. McClellan argued that by giving him the commands in Northern Virginia, troops from the Washington garrison, and whatever forces could be pulled from the West, he might have a fighting chance. General-in-Chief

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Jackson's wing of the army and Franklin's corps comprised tens of thousands of men, the action at White Oak Swamp included no infantry activity and was limited to primarily an artillery duel with few casualties.

1467:; he backed off to await Jackson's arrival. Longstreet was ordered to conduct a diversionary attack to stabilize the lines until Jackson could arrive and attack from the north. In Longstreet's attack, Brig. Gen. 3648: 1600:

had hoped. General Lee reprimanded Magruder, but the fault for the lost opportunity must be shared equally with the poor staff work at Lee's own headquarters and a less than aggressive performance by Jackson.

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president and senior generals to the rear. Longstreet attempted to silence the six batteries of Federal guns firing in his direction, but long-range artillery fire proved to be inadequate. He ordered Col.

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Lee's army suffered 5,355 casualties (versus 3,214 Union) in this wasted effort, but continued to follow the Union army all the way to Harrison's Landing. On Evelington Heights, part of the property of

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reached the heights and began bombardment with a single cannon. This alerted the Federals to the potential danger and they captured the heights before any Confederate infantry could reach the scene.

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strength. Halleck also pointed out that mosquito season was coming up in August–September, and remaining on the swampy Virginia Peninsula at that time of the year would be inviting a disastrous

1478:'s division moving into position to bolster his defense. Shortly after dark, the Confederates mounted another attack, poorly coordinated, but this time collapsing the Federal line. Brig. Gen. 1471:'s brigade attempted a frontal assault and was beaten back under severe fire with heavy losses. Jackson finally reached D.H. Hill's position at 3 p.m. and began his assault at 4:30 p.m. 717:

were down to nearly regimental size and were held in reserve for most of the Seven Days Battles. Ewell's three brigades numbered 3000 men total. Jackson was reinforced with the brigade of

1596:, attempting to hold the flank south of the Williamsburg Road, charged into the woods and were met with murderous fire, suffering more casualties of any brigade on the field that day. 3378: 1674:, just west of the Nelson Farm. (The farm was owned by R.H. Nelson, but its former owner was named Frayser and many of the locals referred to it as Frayser's, or Frazier's, Farm.) 1486:

opened a gap in the line, as did Pickett's Brigade on its second attempt of the day. By 4 a.m. on June 28, Porter withdrew across the Chickahominy, burning the bridges behind him.

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had reconnoitered Porter's right flank—as part of a daring but militarily dubious circumnavigation of the entire Union Army from June 12 to 15—and found it vulnerable.

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Washington—you have done your best to sacrifice this Army." (The military telegraph department chose to omit this sentence from the copy given to the Secretary.)

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through Mechanicsville and support Jackson and A.P. Hill. South of the river, Magruder and Huger were to demonstrate to deceive the four Union corps on their front.

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stepped off. Although Robinson and Grover made good progress on the left and in the center, Sickles's New Yorkers encountered difficulties moving through their

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supply line to the York River and positioned his forces to react to that, unable to act decisively while he awaited evidence of McClellan's intentions.

1151:'s "Light Division" (which was so named because it traveled light and was able to maneuver and strike quickly) consisted of the brigades of Brig. Gens. 610:(May 5), in which the Union troops managed some tactical victories, but the Confederates continued their withdrawal. An amphibious flanking movement to 4245: 1801:

Our success has not been as great or complete as we should have desired. ... Under ordinary circumstances the Federal Army should have been destroyed.

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For the second time in the Seven Days, however, Jackson was late. D.H. Hill attacked the Federal right and was held off by the division of Brig. Gen.

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Esposito, text to map 45 (called Stuart's raid "of dubious value"); Time-Life, p. 25–30; Rafuse, p. 221; Harsh, pp. 80–81; Burton,

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cleared of timber, providing great visibility, and the open fields to the north could be swept by deadly fire from the 250 guns placed by Col.

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five corps in battle. Porter had performed well against heavy odds. Furthermore, McClellan was aware that the War Department had created a new

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Three Confederate brigades made the assault, but Longstreet ordered them forward in a piecemeal fashion, over several hours. Brig. Gen.

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epidemic. On August 4, the order came down for McClellan to withdraw from the Peninsula and to return to the Aquia Creek area at once.

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Heintzelman ordered reinforcements sent forward and also notified army commander McClellan, who was attempting to manage the battle by

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was larger than the one he inherited from Johnston, and, at about 92,000 men, the largest Confederate army assembled during the war.

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on July 1, Lee launched futile frontal assaults and suffered heavy casualties in the face of strong infantry and artillery defenses.

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McClellan also planned an offensive. He had received intelligence that Lee was prepared to move and that the arrival of Maj. Gen.

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Lee and his generals, Confederate morale skyrocketed, and Lee was emboldened to continue his aggressive strategy through the

4027: 1534:

While Lee's main attack at Gaines's Mill was progressing on June 27, the Confederates south of the Chickahominy performed a

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The fighting turned into a bloody stalemate as darkness fell and strong thunderstorms began to move in. The "Land

6605: 6590: 6472: 6432: 6331: 6316: 6301: 6296: 6128: 6033: 5064: 4959: 4919: 4640: 4476: 812: 595:

caught McClellan by surprise. His hopes for a quick advance foiled, McClellan ordered his army to prepare for a

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east. McClellan was concerned that the Confederate buildup on his right flank threatened his supply line, the

5988: 5909: 5726: 5192: 4650: 4458: 4006: 4001: 3965: 3853: 3587: 1567: 1187: 721:, recently arrived from Georgia, and numbering 3500 men. This brought his total strength to around 8000 men. 626: 611: 573: 470: 428: 371: 334: 324: 150: 145: 105: 6261: 6003: 5793: 5768: 5480: 4555: 4260: 4200: 3876: 3824: 3799: 3747: 3660: 724:

D.H. Hill's division numbered around 7700 men, having numbered close to 10,000 before the heavy losses at

6723: 6692: 6440: 6191: 6028: 6018: 6013: 5971: 5395: 4694: 4145: 4055: 3901: 3814: 3789: 3784: 758: 615: 329: 992: 6583: 6171: 5998: 5881: 5859: 5788: 5703: 4764: 4565: 4443: 4425: 3896: 3809: 3741: 3689: 3672: 3572: 3518: 3512: 3428: 1450: 1391: 1203: 1164: 599:. Just before the siege preparations were completed, the Confederates, now under the direct command of 502: 462: 454: 356: 137: 1010: 6753: 6748: 6702: 6615: 6571: 6377: 6159: 5961: 5934: 5914: 5815: 5621: 5526: 4824: 4739: 4655: 4305: 4230: 3974: 3666: 3609: 3592: 3577: 3422: 3338: 2652:

Time-Life, p. 52; Rafuse, pp. 227–28; Eicher, pp. 290–91; Kennedy, p. 98; Salmon, p. 113.

2282:, pp. 62, 80–81; Rafuse, pp. 221–25; Salmon, pp. 100–101; Eicher, pp. 283–84. 1883: 1855: 1755:

battlefield. Eventually the battle line was assembled with Huger's division (brigades of Brig. Gens.

1651: 1613: 1104: 1028: 635: 596: 376: 361: 208: 1726:

The final battle of the Seven Days was the first in which the Union Army occupied favorable ground.

6578: 6462: 6387: 6362: 6357: 6321: 6241: 5939: 5924: 5505: 4789: 4754: 4689: 4630: 4625: 4355: 3764: 3619: 3465: 1366:

against Grover's brigade. At a crucial moment in the battle, the 26th North Carolina of Brig. Gen.

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capital of Richmond and end the war. It started in March 1862, when McClellan landed his army at

413: 309: 66: 6551: 6251: 5825: 5415: 5252: 5227: 4759: 4660: 4575: 4315: 4224: 3886: 3804: 3602: 3552: 1721: 1426: 877: 607: 494: 482: 386: 319: 6467: 6367: 6181: 5830: 5783: 5693: 5661: 5368: 5358: 4804: 4794: 4779: 4729: 4684: 4340: 4325: 4218: 3881: 3819: 3779: 3557: 3460: 3160: 1771:) on the Quaker Road to the left. They awaited the Confederate bombardment before attacking. 1667: 1172: 1137: 935: 895: 881: 859: 785: 725: 630: 550: 493:'s troops allowed his enemy to escape to a strong defensive position on Malvern Hill. At the 478: 339: 3363: 6625: 6477: 6450: 5919: 5698: 5681: 5338: 4834: 4819: 4814: 4784: 4769: 4749: 4367: 4271: 4155: 3891: 3794: 3774: 3694: 3035:

Confederate Tide Rising: Robert E. Lee and the Making of Southern Strategy, 1861–1862

1748: 1251: 1091: 947: 913: 867: 8: 6610: 6402: 6291: 6165: 5810: 5763: 5510: 5470: 5455: 5348: 5197: 4869: 4829: 4704: 4665: 4635: 4590: 4550: 4150: 4140: 3944: 3859: 3567: 3351: 1543: 1317: 1122: 1111: 939: 852: 821: 729: 474: 450: 431: 424: 351: 198: 169: 54: 204: 175: 6456: 6326: 5852: 5837: 5718: 5676: 5648: 5485: 5450: 5297: 5257: 4774: 4744: 4610: 4605: 4585: 4580: 4560: 4310: 4213: 4130: 4078: 3614: 3597: 3506: 3173: 3074: 3065: 1760: 1609: 1551: 1259: 1245: 1241: 1160: 855:, with approximately 105,000 men, was organized largely as it had been at Seven Pines. 648: 619: 600: 581: 569: 540: 529: 486: 443: 435: 409: 405: 381: 41: 5430: 1538:

to determine the location of McClellan's retreating army. Magruder ordered Brig. Gen.

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General James Longstreet: The Confederacy's Most Controversial Soldier: A Biography

3198:

Richmond Shall Not Be Given Up: The Seven Days' Battles, June 25–July 1, 1862

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The Seven Days began on Wednesday, June 25, 1862, with a Union attack in the minor

1689:. The Confederate brigades met stiff resistance in sometimes hand-to-hand combat. 625:

As McClellan's army reached the outskirts of Richmond, a minor battle occurred at

404:

were a series of seven battles over seven days from June 25 to July 1, 1862, near

6640: 5929: 5778: 5671: 5551: 5546: 5541: 5531: 5500: 5410: 5353: 5343: 5302: 4330: 4300: 4120: 3358: 3345: 3264: 2997: 1701: 1678: 1593: 1475: 1183: 1168: 1118: 943: 903: 863: 767: 684: 453:, but McClellan quickly lost the initiative as Lee began a series of attacks at 5708: 5656: 5495: 5460: 5420: 5312: 5292: 5287: 5242: 4521: 4362: 4350: 3280: 3026:. The collection of maps (without explanatory text) is available online at the 2665:, pp. 231–35; Esposito, map 47; Eicher, p. 291; Salmon, pp. 113–15. 2039:

total (3,494 killed; 15,758 wounded; 952 missing/captured) according to Sears,

1768: 1764: 1479: 1233: 1199: 2682:, pp. 251–54; Kennedy, p. 100; Salmon, p. 115; Eicher, pp. 291–92. 1279: 961:'s father-in-law) and the supply base at White House Landing under Brig. Gen. 6717: 5976: 5576: 5571: 5561: 5536: 5445: 5440: 5282: 5277: 5262: 5232: 5202: 4540: 4165: 3929: 1830: 1788: 1784: 1732: 1705: 1697: 1693: 1659: 1483: 1425:

north of the Chickahominy, and he decided to shift his base of supply to the

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Sword Over Richmond: An Eyewitness History of McClellan's Peninsula Campaign

1763:) on the Confederate right and D.H. Hill's division (brigades of Brig. Gen. 1515:

Lee's cavalry reported that Union troops had abandoned their defense of the

1378:

they had already fought once that day. The fighting lasted until nightfall.

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Esposito, map 45; Harsh, p. 92; Eicher, p. 284; Salmon, pp. 99–100.

1222: 1156: 962: 692:, which would position his men to attack Old Tavern from two directions. 577: 3100:

McClellan's War: The Failure of Moderation in the Struggle for the Union

3023: 1662:

to charge the batteries, which brought on a general fight around 4 p.m.

1441: 6600: 5475: 5237: 4438: 4433: 2789:, p. 307, cites 268 "available for use, not including siege artillery." 1055: 614:(May 7) was ineffective in cutting off the Confederate retreat. In the 421: 62: 3200:. Emerging Civil War Series. El Dorado Hills, CA: Savas Beatie, 2017. 1704:(to the north), held against repeated Confederate attacks. Brig. Gen. 629:(May 27), but it was followed by a surprise attack by Johnston at the 5864: 4047: 1776: 1618: 1374: 1206:. Longstreet also had operational command over Hill's Light Division. 1148: 1141: 267: 1626: 5869: 3186:. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1880–1901. 2841:, pp. 116–19; Eicher, p. 293; Time-Life, pp. 63, 87–71. 2347:, p. 89; Eicher, p. 285; Kennedy, p. 96; Salmon, pp. 104–106. 2678:, pp. 97–98; Time-Life, pp. 52, 55; Rafuse, p. 226; Burton, 49: 3216:

The Richmond Campaign of 1862: The Peninsula & the Seven Days

1835: 1686: 1339: 485:. Lee's final opportunity to intercept the Union Army was at the 6667:

List of films and television shows about the American Civil War

3726:(May–Oct): Lynchburg, Early's B&O raid, Sheridan's campaign 1359: 2295:, pp. 208–209; Eicher, pp. 284–85; Salmon, p. 101. 438:. The series of battles is sometimes known erroneously as the 3393: 953:

Reserve forces included the cavalry reserve under Brig. Gen.

469:

on June 27 and 28, and the attack on the Union rear guard at

4389: 3299:

The Union Army, 1861–1865 Organization and Operations

2455:, p. 156; Esposito, map 46; Time-Life, p. 49; Harsh, p. 95. 1779:

is quoted as saying that, "It wasn't war, it was murder."

622:

to reach Richmond by way of the James River was repulsed.

3218:. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2000. 2772:, pp. 257, 300; Time-Life, p. 60; Salmon, p. 119; Sears, 606:

The first heavy fighting of the campaign occurred in the

572:

was the unsuccessful attempt by McClellan to capture the

1331:. Facing them was the division of Confederate Maj. Gen. 489:

on June 30, but poorly executed orders and the delay of

2507:

Miller, p. 46; Eicher, p. 290; Salmon, p. 111; Burton,

1221:, and Magruder's own division, commanded by Brig. Gen. 3001:

The Longest Night: A Military History of the Civil War

2759:, pp. 104–105; Time-Life, p. 59; Salmon, p. 116. 2421:, p. 88; Esposito, map 46; Time-Life, pp. 47–48. 2127:, p. 183; Esposito, map 44; Time-Life, p. 31; Burton, 2984:

Lee Takes Command: From Seven Days to Second Bull Run

2712:, p. 294; Kennedy, p. 100; Time-Life, p. 56; Burton, 1232:'s division consisted of the brigades of Brig. Gens. 1182:'s division consisted of the brigades of Brig. Gens. 225:

105,445 (Army of the Potomac without Dix's Division);

3078:

Tried by War: Abraham Lincoln as Commander in Chief.

1873: 1670:

division of the V Corps, 6,000 men under Brig. Gen.

1385: 1254:' division consisted of the brigades of Brig. Gens. 3248:

Stonewall Jackson: The Man, The Soldier, The Legend

2969:

The Peninsula & Seven Days: A Battlefield Guide

2954:

Extraordinary Circumstances: The Seven Days Battles

2071: 2069: 549:Map of events during the Peninsula campaign to the 2278:, pp. 66, 88; Time-Life, pp. 34–36; Burton, 3115:The Official Virginia Civil War Battlefield Guide 2105:Eicher, p. 283; Time-Life, p. 31; Rafuse, p. 221. 2075:Rafuse, p. 220; Miller, pp. 20–25; Burton, 1902:Troop engagements of the American Civil War, 1862 1897:List of costliest American Civil War land battles 1819:Maj. Gen. George B. McClellan, letter to his wife 1523: 434:, away from Richmond and into a retreat down the 6715: 6353:Confederate States presidential election of 1861 3147:To the Gates of Richmond: The Peninsula Campaign 2935:Harsh, pp. 96–97; Eicher, p. 304; Burton, 2066: 1692:On McCall's flanks, the divisions of Brig. Gen. 1117:, having just arrived from his victories in the 6729:Confederate victories of the American Civil War 3320:. New York: Harper & Row Publishers, 1986. 3305:. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1989. 3102:. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2005. 3037:. Kent, OH: Kent State University Press, 1998. 2971:. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2007. 2956:. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2001. 2939:, pp. 391–98; Time-Life, pp. 90–92. 2020:Official Records, Series I, Volume XI, Part 2, 1984:Official Records, Series I, Volume XI, Part 2, 1936:Official Records, Series I, Volume XI, Part 3, 1603: 6177:Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the U.S. 3166: 3054:. 2nd ed. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1998. 2755:, pp. 300–306; Kennedy, p. 100; Burton, 2308:, pp. 183–208; Salmon, pp. 99–101. 2187:, pp. 185–87; Time-Life, p. 31; Burton, 2051: 2049: 976:Seven Days Battles Confederate order of battle 6744:Battles of the American Civil War in Virginia 4063: 3379: 2096:, pp. 195–97; Eicher, pp. 282–83. 1307:Map of Southeastern Virginia (additional map) 1291:Seven Days Battles: map of events (left side) 442:, but it was actually the culmination of the 283: 3344:, histories, photos, and preservation news ( 3231:The Peninsula Campaign March–July 1862 3117:. Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books, 2001. 3071:New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 1988. 2862: 2860: 2622:, pp. 269–72; Eicher, p. 291; Burton, 2567:Esposito, map 46; Time-Life, p. 50; Burton, 446:, not a separate campaign in its own right. 3266:The Peninsula: McClellan's Campaign of 1862 2896:, p. 121; Time-Life, p. 72; Eicher, p. 296. 2046: 2004:6,055 missing/captured according to Sears, 1964: 1962: 1948: 1946: 477:continued its retreat toward the safety of 4070: 4056: 3386: 3372: 3352:Animated history of the Peninsula Campaign 3233:. Conshohocken, PA: Combined Books, 1992. 2798:Time-Life, p. 63; Eicher, p. 293; Burton, 2742:, p. 281; Kennedy, p. 100; Salmon, p. 116. 1445:Seven Days Battles, June 26–27, 1862 1121:, commanded a force consisting of his own 641: 290: 276: 228:9,246 (Dix's Division at Fort Monroe, Va); 3395:Eastern theater of the American Civil War 3161:National Park Service battle descriptions 3069:Battle Cry of Freedom: The Civil War Era. 2986:. Alexandria, VA: Time-Life Books, 1984. 2857: 2643:, p. 274; Salmon, p. 112; Eicher, p. 291. 2524:, p. 261; Salmon, p. 110; Eicher, p. 290. 2059:, p. xi; Miller, pp. 8–18; Burton, 1850:of the war until that point in the year. 534: 524:Eastern Theater of the American Civil War 501:against Richmond, he moved north for the 6739:Henrico County in the American Civil War 6734:Hanover County in the American Civil War 4266:Treatment of slaves in the United States 3286:. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1993. 3250:. New York: Macmillan Publishing, 1997. 3018:. New York: Frederick A. Praeger, 1959. 3003:. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2001. 1959: 1943: 1625: 1617: 1530:Battle of Garnett's & Golding's Farm 1440: 1302: 1294: 1286: 1278: 1266:, and the cavalry brigade of Brig. Gen. 742:Seven Days Battles Union order of battle 544: 6009:Sons of Union Veterans of the Civil War 4181:South Carolina Declaration of Secession 3132:George B. McClellan: The Young Napoleon 14: 6716: 5994:Modern display of the Confederate flag 4077: 1474:Porter's line was saved by Brig. Gen. 1338:Soon after 8 a.m., June 25, the Union 647:Union Army straddled the rain-swollen 603:, began a withdrawal toward Richmond. 584:beginning in early April. Confederate 297: 6212: 5601: 5165: 4388: 4191:President Lincoln's 75,000 volunteers 4089: 4051: 3367: 2815:, pp. 109–10; Esposito, map 47. 1414:The West Point Atlas of American Wars 1213:commanded the divisions of Maj. Gen. 942:commanding: divisions of Brig. Gens. 920:commanding: divisions of Brig. Gens. 902:commanding: divisions of Brig. Gens. 884:commanding: divisions of Brig. Gens. 866:commanding: divisions of Brig. Gens. 517: 271: 81:June 25 – July 1, 1862 3269:. Secaucus, NJ: Castle Books, 2002. 6348:Committee on the Conduct of the War 6024:United Daughters of the Confederacy 3184:of the Union and Confederate Armies 2716:, pp. 275–80; Salmon, p. 116. 2609:, pp. 212–20; Salmon, p. 112. 2575:, p. 267; Salmon, pp. 111–12. 2545:, pp. 179–84; Salmon, p. 111. 2489:, pp. 170–74; Salmon, p. 108. 2360:, pp. 227–42; Salmon, p. 106. 1561: 1497: 24: 6418:U.S. Presidential Election of 1864 6213: 5757:impeachment managers investigation 4136:John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry 3190: 3080:New York, NY: Penguin Press, 2008. 2451:, p. 216; Rafuse, p. 225; Burton, 2417:, p. 151; Rafuse, p. 225; Burton, 2079:, p. 26; Eicher, pp. 275–80. 1323:assault, commanded by Brig. Gens. 1283:Overview of the Seven Days Battles 695: 25: 6765: 5843:Reconstruction military districts 4291:Abolitionism in the United States 4246:Plantations in the American South 4161:Origins of the American Civil War 3332: 3134:. New York: Da Capo Press, 1988. 3016:West Point Atlas of American Wars 2571:, p. 202; Eicher, p. 291; Sears, 2356:Kennedy, pp. 96–97; Sears, 2304:Kennedy, pp. 93–94; Sears, 2153:Eicher, pp. 281–82; Sears, 2131:, pp. 41–43; Salmon, p. 97. 2063:, p. 5; Eicher, pp. 268–74. 1622:Seven Days Battles, June 30, 1862 1386:Beaver Dam Creek (Mechanicsville) 1354:, both of Hooker's division, and 465:on June 27, the minor actions at 6697: 6688: 6687: 5826:Enforcement Act of February 1871 5799:Pulaski (Tennessee) riot of 1867 3964: 3928: 2695:, pp. 266–67, 275; Sears, 2230:, p. 63; Eicher, p. 283; Sears, 1892:Armies in the American Civil War 1876: 1630:Seven Days Battles, July 1, 1862 1517:Richmond and York River Railroad 1436: 1423:Richmond and York River Railroad 1081: 1063: 1045: 1027: 1009: 991: 829: 811: 793: 775: 757: 690:Richmond and York River Railroad 203: 192: 174: 163: 151:Confederate States (Confederacy) 144: 127: 48: 6611:New York City Gold Hoax of 1864 6473:When Johnny Comes Marching Home 6034:Wilmington insurrection of 1898 3443:Potomac blockade (Oct–Jan 1862) 3051:The Civil War Battlefield Guide 2929: 2916: 2899: 2886: 2873: 2844: 2831: 2818: 2805: 2792: 2779: 2762: 2745: 2728: 2719: 2702: 2685: 2668: 2655: 2646: 2629: 2612: 2591: 2578: 2561: 2548: 2527: 2514: 2501: 2492: 2475: 2458: 2441: 2424: 2407: 2394: 2381: 2372: 2363: 2350: 2337: 2320: 2311: 2298: 2285: 2268: 2255: 2246: 2237: 2220: 2211: 2194: 2177: 2160: 2147: 2134: 2117: 2108: 2099: 2082: 1715: 1696:(to the south) and Brig. Gens. 982: 748: 705:Lee to destroy the Union army. 681:Thomas J. "Stonewall" Jackson's 61:, respective commanders of the 5714:Southern Homestead Act of 1866 3583:Garnett's & Golding's Farm 3085:The Battles for Richmond, 1862 2217:Salmon, p. 98; Eicher, p. 283. 2030: 2011: 1990: 1975: 1927: 1914: 1524:Garnett's & Golding's Farm 969: 655:, was north of the river near 367:Garnett's & Golding's Farm 221:101,434 ("present for duty"): 109: 13: 1: 6129:Ladies' Memorial Associations 5831:Enforcement Act of April 1871 5727:Impeachment of Andrew Johnson 5602: 3434:Carolina coast blockade (Aug) 3419:Chesapeake blockade (May–Jun) 3339:Seven Days Campaign of 1862: 2946: 2537:, 90; Eicher, p. 290; Sears, 1125:(now commanded by Brig. Gen. 1115:Thomas J. "Stonewall" Jackson 591:'s defensive position on the 512: 6262:Confederate revolving cannon 6004:Sons of Confederate Veterans 5875:South Carolina riots of 1876 5853:Indian Council at Fort Smith 5804:South Carolina riots of 1876 5769:Knights of the White Camelia 4261:Slavery in the United States 3149:. Ticknor and Fields, 1992. 2982:Editors of Time-Life Books. 2909:, pp. 343–45; Burton, 2738:, pp. 294–99; Burton, 2485:, pp. 258–59; Burton, 1952:104,100 according to Sears, 1794: 1747:, D.H. Hill, and Brig. Gen. 1604:Glendale and White Oak Swamp 1311: 1299:Map of Southeastern Virginia 618:(May 15), an attempt by the 580:and moved northwest, up the 467:Garnett's and Golding's Farm 27:US civil war battles in 1862 7: 6616:New York City riots of 1863 6441:Battle Hymn of the Republic 6192:United Confederate Veterans 6029:Children of the Confederacy 6019:United Confederate Veterans 6014:Southern Historical Society 5166: 4646:Price's Missouri Expedition 4116:Timeline leading to the War 4090: 3730:Operations against Plymouth 3167:Memoirs and primary sources 2937:Extraordinary Circumstances 2911:Extraordinary Circumstances 2868:Extraordinary Circumstances 2852:Extraordinary Circumstances 2800:Extraordinary Circumstances 2787:Extraordinary Circumstances 2770:Extraordinary Circumstances 2740:Extraordinary Circumstances 2714:Extraordinary Circumstances 2693:Extraordinary Circumstances 2680:Extraordinary Circumstances 2663:Extraordinary Circumstances 2639:, pp. 222–23; Sears, 2637:Extraordinary Circumstances 2624:Extraordinary Circumstances 2607:Extraordinary Circumstances 2569:Extraordinary Circumstances 2543:Extraordinary Circumstances 2509:Extraordinary Circumstances 2487:Extraordinary Circumstances 2470:Extraordinary Circumstances 2453:Extraordinary Circumstances 2436:Extraordinary Circumstances 2415:Extraordinary Circumstances 2345:Extraordinary Circumstances 2332:Extraordinary Circumstances 2280:Extraordinary Circumstances 2202:Extraordinary Circumstances 2189:Extraordinary Circumstances 2168:Extraordinary Circumstances 2129:Extraordinary Circumstances 2090:Extraordinary Circumstances 2077:Extraordinary Circumstances 1869: 10: 6770: 6584:Confederate Secret Service 6172:Grand Army of the Republic 6064:Grand Army of the Republic 5882:Southern Claims Commission 4028:Gettysburg-Newark Lowlands 3357:November 30, 2012, at the 2894:Peninsula & Seven Days 2839:Peninsula & Seven Days 2826:Peninsula & Seven Days 2813:Peninsula & Seven Days 2757:Peninsula & Seven Days 2699:, p. 290; Kennedy, p. 100. 2676:Peninsula & Seven Days 2603:Peninsula & Seven Days 2535:Peninsula & Seven Days 2419:Peninsula & Seven Days 2276:Peninsula & Seven Days 2228:Peninsula & Seven Days 2204:, pp. 47–48; Sears, 2092:, pp. 18–23; Sears, 2061:Peninsula & Seven Days 1719: 1607: 1568:Battle of Savage's Station 1565: 1527: 1448: 1412:Col. Vincent J. Esposito, 1392:Battle of Beaver Dam Creek 1389: 1315: 1274: 1204:Winfield Scott Featherston 973: 739: 538: 527: 521: 503:northern Virginia campaign 233:112,200 "present for duty" 6683: 6659: 6572:Confederate States dollar 6544: 6486: 6431: 6383:Habeas Corpus Act of 1863 6378:Emancipation Proclamation 6340: 6272:Medal of Honor recipients 6229: 6225: 6208: 6160:Confederate Memorial Hall 6142: 6121: 6079: 6051: 6042: 5962:Confederate Memorial Hall 5935:Confederate History Month 5915:Civil War Discovery Trail 5895: 5816:Habeas Corpus Act of 1867 5647: 5622:Reconstruction Amendments 5612: 5608: 5597: 5519: 5388: 5381: 5321: 5185: 5178: 5174: 5161: 5103: 4850: 4843: 4674: 4530: 4489: 4457: 4424: 4417: 4413: 4384: 4281: 4231:Emancipation Proclamation 4199: 4100: 4096: 4085: 4015: 3994: 3987: 3963: 3926: 3919: 3869: 3846: 3837: 3757: 3716: 3707: 3682: 3641: 3632: 3540: 3487: 3478: 3450: 3410: 3401: 3048:Kennedy, Frances H., ed. 2472:, p. 143; Salmon, p. 108. 1884:American Civil War portal 1856:Second Battle of Bull Run 1652:Battle of White Oak Swamp 1635:and boarded the ironclad 1614:Battle of White Oak Swamp 1129:) and those of Maj. Gen. 1105:Army of Northern Virginia 636:Army of Northern Virginia 305: 237: 214: 209:Army of Northern Virginia 185: 156: 120: 73: 47: 39: 34: 6646:U.S. Sanitary Commission 6557:Battlefield preservation 6463:Marching Through Georgia 6388:Hampton Roads Conference 6363:Confiscation Act of 1862 6358:Confiscation Act of 1861 6134:U.S. national cemeteries 5940:Confederate Memorial Day 5925:Civil War Trails Program 5794:New Orleans riot of 1866 3770:Spotsylvania Court House 3495:Burnside's NC Expedition 3245:Robertson, James I., Jr. 3175:The War of the Rebellion 2892:Rafuse, p. 231; Burton, 2824:Eicher, p. 293; Burton, 2468:, pp. 247, 258; Burton, 2438:, pp. 164–65, 200. 2434:, pp. 213, 219; Burton, 2200:Eicher, p. 283; Burton, 2144:, pp. 195, 359–63. 2114:Salmon, pp. 96–97. 1907: 948:William F. "Baldy" Smith 735: 616:Battle of Drewry's Bluff 473:on June 29. McClellan's 95:Henrico County, Virginia 69:armies in the Seven Days 18:Seven Days' Battles 6567:Confederate war finance 6187:Southern Cross of Honor 6155:1938 Gettysburg reunion 6150:1913 Gettysburg reunion 5848:Reconstruction Treaties 5821:Enforcement Act of 1870 5704:Freedman's Savings Bank 4321:Lane Debates on Slavery 4146:Lincoln–Douglas debates 3277:. First published 1885. 2584:Salmon, p. 112; Sears, 2447:Salmon, p. 107; Sears, 2387:Eicher, p. 288; Sears, 2191:, p. 45; Salmon, p. 98. 2140:Eicher, p. 282; Sears, 1536:reconnaissance in force 1451:Battle of Gaines's Mill 1165:Lawrence O'Bryan Branch 983:Confederate commanders 955:Philip St. George Cooke 840:Philip St. George Cooke 749:Union corps commanders 642:Planning for offensives 6626:Richmond riots of 1863 6552:Baltimore riot of 1861 6332:U.S. Military Railroad 6252:Confederate Home Guard 5984:Historiographic issues 5950:Historical reenactment 4449:Revenue Cutter Service 4316:William Lloyd Garrison 4225:Dred Scott v. Sandford 3907:Appomattox Court House 3438:McClellan's operations 1816: 1803: 1722:Battle of Malvern Hill 1631: 1623: 1446: 1409: 1308: 1300: 1292: 1284: 608:Battle of Williamsburg 565: 535:The Peninsula campaign 495:Battle of Malvern Hill 251:6,055 missing/captured 157:Commanders and leaders 6591:Great Revival of 1863 6468:Maryland, My Maryland 6257:Confederate railroads 5920:Civil War Roundtables 5789:Meridian riot of 1871 5784:Memphis riots of 1866 4341:George Luther Stearns 4326:Elijah Parish Lovejoy 4219:Crittenden Compromise 3180:a Compilation of the 3172:U.S. War Department, 3014:Esposito, Vincent J. 2924:Battle Cry of Freedom 1922:Battle Cry of Freedom 1811: 1806:General Robert E. Lee 1799: 1720:Further information: 1668:Pennsylvania Reserves 1629: 1621: 1608:Further information: 1566:Further information: 1528:Further information: 1449:Further information: 1444: 1404: 1390:Further information: 1316:Further information: 1306: 1298: 1290: 1282: 1173:William Dorsey Pender 1138:William H. C. Whiting 974:Further information: 882:Samuel P. Heintzelman 786:Samuel P. Heintzelman 740:Further information: 631:Battle of Seven Pines 551:Battle of Seven Pines 548: 528:Further information: 262:952 missing/captured 238:Casualties and losses 6478:Daar kom die Alibama 6393:National Union Party 6069:memorials to Lincoln 5989:Lost Cause mythology 5694:Eufaula riot of 1874 5682:Confederate refugees 4895:District of Columbia 4522:Union naval blockade 4368:Underground Railroad 4156:Nullification crisis 3649:Tidewater operations 3531:Goldsboro Expedition 2157:, 195, 364–67. 2018:Further information: 1982:Further information: 1934:Further information: 1749:William H.C. Whiting 1252:Theophilus H. Holmes 1092:Theophilus H. Holmes 868:Israel B. Richardson 701:tactical victories. 6636:Supreme Court cases 6403:Radical Republicans 6182:Old soldiers' homes 6166:Confederate Veteran 6092:artworks in Capitol 5811:Reconstruction acts 5672:Colfax riot of 1873 4636:Richmond-Petersburg 4241:Fugitive slave laws 4171:Popular sovereignty 4151:Missouri Compromise 4141:Kansas-Nebraska Act 3303:The Eastern Theater 3083:Miller, William J. 3075:McPherson, James M. 3066:McPherson, James M. 2854:, pp. 381–83. 2828:, pp. 110–12. 2802:, pp. 309–10. 2558:, pp. 265–66. 2404:, pp. 249–51. 2208:, pp. 187–88. 1544:Winfield S. Hancock 1318:Battle of Oak Grove 1188:Richard H. Anderson 940:William B. Franklin 853:Army of the Potomac 822:William B. Franklin 730:Edward P. Alexander 627:Hanover Court House 475:Army of the Potomac 451:Battle of Oak Grove 440:Seven Days Campaign 432:George B. McClellan 425:Army of the Potomac 420:drove the invading 335:Hanover Court House 199:Army of the Potomac 170:George B. McClellan 55:George B. McClellan 6724:Peninsula campaign 6457:A Lincoln Portrait 6398:Politicians killed 6322:U.S. Balloon Corps 6317:Union corps badges 6097:memorials to Davis 5967:Disenfranchisement 5838:Reconstruction era 5719:Timber Culture Act 5677:Compromise of 1877 4641:Franklin–Nashville 4311:Frederick Douglass 4214:Cornerstone Speech 4131:Compromise of 1850 4079:American Civil War 3825:Boydton Plank Road 3563:Seven Days Battles 3316:Wheeler, Richard. 3297:Welcher, Frank J. 3262:Webb, Alexander S. 3212:Gallagher, Gary W. 3145:Sears, Stephen W. 3028:West Point website 2601:, p. 271; Burton, 2541:, p. 261; Burton, 1761:Lewis A. Armistead 1632: 1624: 1610:Battle of Glendale 1552:George T. Anderson 1447: 1309: 1301: 1293: 1285: 1246:Robert Ransom, Jr. 1242:Lewis A. Armistead 1161:Joseph R. Anderson 649:Chickahominy River 620:United States Navy 582:Virginia Peninsula 570:Peninsula campaign 566: 541:Peninsula campaign 530:American Civil War 518:Military situation 487:Battle of Glendale 479:Harrison's Landing 444:Peninsula Campaign 436:Virginia Peninsula 410:American Civil War 406:Richmond, Virginia 402:Seven Days Battles 346:Seven Days Battles 299:Peninsula Campaign 106:Confederate States 42:American Civil War 35:Seven Days Battles 6711: 6710: 6679: 6678: 6675: 6674: 6509:Italian Americans 6494:African Americans 6451:John Brown's Body 6204: 6203: 6200: 6199: 6117: 6116: 5955:Robert E. Lee Day 5699:Freedmen's Bureau 5662:Brooks–Baxter War 5593: 5592: 5589: 5588: 5585: 5584: 5377: 5376: 5157: 5156: 5153: 5152: 5149: 5148: 4566:Northern Virginia 4512:Trans-Mississippi 4485: 4484: 4380: 4379: 4376: 4375: 4272:Uncle Tom's Cabin 4209:African Americans 4045: 4044: 4041: 4040: 4033:Shenandoah Valley 4023:Cumberland Valley 3983: 3982: 3975:Northern Virginia 3915: 3914: 3833: 3832: 3785:Trevilian Station 3703: 3702: 3628: 3627: 3513:Northern Virginia 3474: 3473: 3239:978-0-938289-09-8 3229:Martin, David G. 3206:978-1-61121-355-3 3129:Sears, Stephen W. 3098:Rafuse, Ethan S. 3033:Harsh, Joseph L. 2977:978-0-8032-6246-1 2967:Burton, Brian K. 2952:Burton, Brian K. 2907:Gates of Richmond 2774:Gates of Richmond 2753:Gates of Richmond 2736:Gates of Richmond 2725:Esposito, map 47. 2710:Gates of Richmond 2697:Gates of Richmond 2641:Gates of Richmond 2620:Gates of Richmond 2605:, p. 93; Burton, 2599:Gates of Richmond 2586:Gates of Richmond 2573:Gates of Richmond 2556:Gates of Richmond 2539:Gates of Richmond 2522:Gates of Richmond 2483:Gates of Richmond 2466:Gates of Richmond 2402:Gates of Richmond 2389:Gates of Richmond 2358:Gates of Richmond 2328:Gates of Richmond 2317:Time-Life, p. 45. 2306:Gates of Richmond 2293:Gates of Richmond 2252:Esposito, map 45. 2232:Gates of Richmond 2206:Gates of Richmond 2185:Gates of Richmond 2172:Gates of Richmond 2155:Gates of Richmond 2142:Gates of Richmond 2125:Gates of Richmond 2094:Gates of Richmond 2057:Gates of Richmond 2041:Gates of Richmond 2006:Gates of Richmond 1970:Gates of Richmond 1954:Gates of Richmond 1860:Maryland Campaign 1757:Ambrose R. Wright 1469:George E. Pickett 1364:Ambrose R. Wright 1348:Excelsior Brigade 1344:Daniel E. Sickles 1238:Ambrose R. Wright 1192:George E. Pickett 1127:Charles S. Winder 1101: 1100: 1002:Stonewall Jackson 849: 848: 685:Shenandoah Valley 597:siege of Yorktown 557: Confederate 507:Maryland campaign 491:Stonewall Jackson 397: 396: 266: 265: 116: 115: 16:(Redirected from 6761: 6754:July 1862 events 6749:June 1862 events 6701: 6691: 6690: 6514:Native Americans 6499:German Americans 6292:Partisan rangers 6287:Official Records 6227: 6226: 6210: 6209: 6102:memorials to Lee 6049: 6048: 5610: 5609: 5599: 5598: 5386: 5385: 5183: 5182: 5176: 5175: 5163: 5162: 5136:Washington, D.C. 4930:Indian Territory 4890:Dakota Territory 4848: 4847: 4765:Chancellorsville 4556:Jackson's Valley 4546:Blockade runners 4422: 4421: 4415: 4414: 4386: 4385: 4346:Thaddeus Stevens 4336:Lysander Spooner 4296:Susan B. Anthony 4098: 4097: 4087: 4086: 4072: 4065: 4058: 4049: 4048: 3992: 3991: 3968: 3933: 3932: 3924: 3923: 3844: 3843: 3724:Valley campaigns 3714: 3713: 3690:Chancellorsville 3655:Chancellorsville 3639: 3638: 3588:Savage's Station 3573:Beaver Dam Creek 3501:Jackson's Valley 3485: 3484: 3423:Western Virginia 3408: 3407: 3388: 3381: 3374: 3365: 3364: 3196:Crenshaw, Doug. 3182:Official Records 3113:Salmon, John S. 2998:Eicher, David J. 2940: 2933: 2927: 2920: 2914: 2903: 2897: 2890: 2884: 2877: 2871: 2864: 2855: 2848: 2842: 2835: 2829: 2822: 2816: 2809: 2803: 2796: 2790: 2783: 2777: 2766: 2760: 2749: 2743: 2732: 2726: 2723: 2717: 2706: 2700: 2689: 2683: 2672: 2666: 2659: 2653: 2650: 2644: 2633: 2627: 2616: 2610: 2595: 2589: 2582: 2576: 2565: 2559: 2552: 2546: 2531: 2525: 2518: 2512: 2505: 2499: 2496: 2490: 2479: 2473: 2462: 2456: 2445: 2439: 2428: 2422: 2411: 2405: 2398: 2392: 2385: 2379: 2376: 2370: 2367: 2361: 2354: 2348: 2341: 2335: 2324: 2318: 2315: 2309: 2302: 2296: 2289: 2283: 2272: 2266: 2259: 2253: 2250: 2244: 2241: 2235: 2224: 2218: 2215: 2209: 2198: 2192: 2181: 2175: 2170:, p. 43; Sears, 2164: 2158: 2151: 2145: 2138: 2132: 2121: 2115: 2112: 2106: 2103: 2097: 2086: 2080: 2073: 2064: 2053: 2044: 2034: 2028: 2015: 2009: 1994: 1988: 1979: 1973: 1966: 1957: 1950: 1941: 1931: 1925: 1918: 1886: 1881: 1880: 1879: 1864:Henry W. Halleck 1820: 1807: 1745:Richard S. Ewell 1737:George W. Morell 1683:Cadmus M. Wilcox 1672:George A. McCall 1562:Savage's Station 1540:Robert A. Toombs 1505:Army of Virginia 1498:Union withdrawal 1416: 1356:John C. Robinson 1215:Lafayette McLaws 1211:John B. Magruder 1196:Cadmus M. Wilcox 1180:James Longstreet 1153:Charles W. Field 1140:, and Maj. Gen. 1131:Richard S. Ewell 1085: 1067: 1049: 1038:John B. Magruder 1031: 1020:James Longstreet 1013: 995: 980: 979: 930:George A. McCall 922:George W. Morell 918:Fitz John Porter 900:Erasmus D. Keyes 833: 815: 804:Erasmus D. Keyes 797: 779: 761: 746: 745: 719:Alexander Lawton 711:Samuel Fulkerson 666:John B. Magruder 653:Fitz John Porter 612:Eltham's Landing 589:John B. Magruder 562: 556: 471:Savage's Station 455:Beaver Dam Creek 372:Savage's Station 357:Beaver Dam Creek 325:Eltham's Landing 300: 292: 285: 278: 269: 268: 207: 197: 196: 178: 168: 167: 149: 148: 132: 131: 75: 74: 52: 32: 31: 21: 6769: 6768: 6764: 6763: 6762: 6760: 6759: 6758: 6714: 6713: 6712: 6707: 6671: 6655: 6540: 6504:Irish Americans 6482: 6427: 6336: 6327:U.S. Home Guard 6267:Field artillery 6221: 6220: 6196: 6138: 6113: 6075: 6044: 6038: 5930:Civil War Trust 5897: 5891: 5779:Ethnic violence 5764:Kirk–Holden war 5643: 5604: 5581: 5515: 5373: 5317: 5170: 5145: 5099: 4852: 4839: 4670: 4651:Sherman's March 4631:Bermuda Hundred 4526: 4481: 4453: 4409: 4408: 4372: 4331:J. Sella Martin 4301:James G. Birney 4277: 4195: 4121:Bleeding Kansas 4109: 4092: 4081: 4076: 4046: 4037: 4011: 3979: 3959: 3927: 3911: 3877:2nd Fort Fisher 3865: 3829: 3800:2nd Deep Bottom 3753: 3736:Bermuda Hundred 3699: 3678: 3624: 3593:White Oak Swamp 3536: 3470: 3446: 3397: 3392: 3359:Wayback Machine 3346:Civil War Trust 3335: 3281:Wert, Jeffry D. 3193: 3191:Further reading 3169: 2949: 2944: 2943: 2934: 2930: 2921: 2917: 2904: 2900: 2891: 2887: 2878: 2874: 2865: 2858: 2849: 2845: 2836: 2832: 2823: 2819: 2810: 2806: 2797: 2793: 2784: 2780: 2767: 2763: 2750: 2746: 2733: 2729: 2724: 2720: 2707: 2703: 2690: 2686: 2673: 2669: 2660: 2656: 2651: 2647: 2634: 2630: 2617: 2613: 2596: 2592: 2583: 2579: 2566: 2562: 2553: 2549: 2532: 2528: 2519: 2515: 2506: 2502: 2498:Salmon, p. 108. 2497: 2493: 2480: 2476: 2463: 2459: 2446: 2442: 2429: 2425: 2412: 2408: 2399: 2395: 2386: 2382: 2378:Salmon, p. 107. 2377: 2373: 2369:Eicher, p. 287. 2368: 2364: 2355: 2351: 2342: 2338: 2325: 2321: 2316: 2312: 2303: 2299: 2290: 2286: 2273: 2269: 2260: 2256: 2251: 2247: 2242: 2238: 2225: 2221: 2216: 2212: 2199: 2195: 2182: 2178: 2165: 2161: 2152: 2148: 2139: 2135: 2122: 2118: 2113: 2109: 2104: 2100: 2087: 2083: 2074: 2067: 2054: 2047: 2035: 2031: 2016: 2012: 2003: 2001: 1999: 1995: 1991: 1980: 1976: 1967: 1960: 1951: 1944: 1932: 1928: 1919: 1915: 1910: 1882: 1877: 1875: 1872: 1848:Western Theater 1822: 1818: 1809: 1805: 1797: 1724: 1718: 1702:Henry W. Slocum 1679:James L. Kemper 1616: 1606: 1594:Vermont Brigade 1570: 1564: 1532: 1526: 1500: 1476:Henry W. Slocum 1453: 1439: 1418: 1411: 1394: 1388: 1342:of Brig. Gens. 1320: 1314: 1277: 1184:James L. Kemper 1169:James J. Archer 1119:Valley campaign 1095: 1094: 1090: 1086: 1077: 1076: 1072: 1068: 1059: 1058: 1054: 1050: 1041: 1040: 1036: 1032: 1023: 1022: 1018: 1014: 1005: 1004: 1000: 996: 978: 972: 944:Henry W. Slocum 904:Darius N. Couch 864:Edwin V. Sumner 843: 842: 838: 834: 825: 824: 820: 816: 807: 806: 802: 798: 789: 788: 784: 780: 771: 770: 768:Edwin V. Sumner 766: 762: 744: 738: 698: 696:Opposing forces 683:force from the 644: 564: 560: 558: 554: 543: 537: 532: 526: 520: 515: 427:, commanded by 398: 393: 377:White Oak Swamp 301: 298: 296: 261: 259: 257: 250: 248: 246: 191: 162: 143: 126: 97: 53: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 6767: 6757: 6756: 6751: 6746: 6741: 6736: 6731: 6726: 6709: 6708: 6706: 6705: 6695: 6684: 6681: 6680: 6677: 6676: 6673: 6672: 6670: 6669: 6663: 6661: 6657: 6656: 6654: 6653: 6651:Women soldiers 6648: 6643: 6638: 6633: 6628: 6623: 6618: 6613: 6608: 6606:Naming the war 6603: 6598: 6593: 6588: 6587: 6586: 6576: 6575: 6574: 6564: 6559: 6554: 6548: 6546: 6542: 6541: 6539: 6538: 6537: 6536: 6531: 6526: 6521: 6511: 6506: 6501: 6496: 6490: 6488: 6484: 6483: 6481: 6480: 6475: 6470: 6465: 6460: 6453: 6448: 6443: 6437: 6435: 6429: 6428: 6426: 6425: 6420: 6415: 6410: 6405: 6400: 6395: 6390: 6385: 6380: 6375: 6370: 6365: 6360: 6355: 6350: 6344: 6342: 6338: 6337: 6335: 6334: 6329: 6324: 6319: 6314: 6309: 6304: 6299: 6294: 6289: 6284: 6279: 6274: 6269: 6264: 6259: 6254: 6249: 6244: 6242:Campaign Medal 6239: 6233: 6231: 6223: 6222: 6219: 6218: 6217:Related topics 6214: 6206: 6205: 6202: 6201: 6198: 6197: 6195: 6194: 6189: 6184: 6179: 6174: 6169: 6162: 6157: 6152: 6146: 6144: 6140: 6139: 6137: 6136: 6131: 6125: 6123: 6119: 6118: 6115: 6114: 6112: 6111: 6106: 6105: 6104: 6099: 6094: 6083: 6081: 6077: 6076: 6074: 6073: 6072: 6071: 6066: 6055: 6053: 6046: 6040: 6039: 6037: 6036: 6031: 6026: 6021: 6016: 6011: 6006: 6001: 5996: 5991: 5986: 5981: 5980: 5979: 5974: 5964: 5959: 5958: 5957: 5952: 5947: 5945:Decoration Day 5942: 5937: 5932: 5927: 5922: 5917: 5912: 5901: 5899: 5898:Reconstruction 5893: 5892: 5890: 5889: 5884: 5879: 5878: 5877: 5867: 5862: 5857: 5856: 5855: 5845: 5840: 5835: 5834: 5833: 5828: 5823: 5818: 5808: 5807: 5806: 5801: 5796: 5791: 5786: 5776: 5771: 5766: 5761: 5760: 5759: 5754: 5752:second inquiry 5749: 5744: 5739: 5734: 5724: 5723: 5722: 5716: 5709:Homestead Acts 5706: 5701: 5696: 5691: 5690: 5689: 5679: 5674: 5669: 5664: 5659: 5657:Alabama Claims 5653: 5651: 5649:Reconstruction 5645: 5644: 5642: 5641: 5640: 5639: 5637:15th Amendment 5634: 5632:14th Amendment 5629: 5627:13th Amendment 5618: 5616: 5606: 5605: 5595: 5594: 5591: 5590: 5587: 5586: 5583: 5582: 5580: 5579: 5574: 5569: 5564: 5559: 5554: 5549: 5544: 5539: 5534: 5529: 5523: 5521: 5517: 5516: 5514: 5513: 5508: 5503: 5498: 5493: 5488: 5483: 5478: 5473: 5468: 5463: 5458: 5453: 5448: 5443: 5438: 5433: 5428: 5423: 5418: 5413: 5408: 5403: 5398: 5392: 5390: 5383: 5379: 5378: 5375: 5374: 5372: 5371: 5366: 5361: 5356: 5351: 5346: 5341: 5336: 5331: 5325: 5323: 5319: 5318: 5316: 5315: 5310: 5305: 5300: 5295: 5290: 5285: 5280: 5275: 5270: 5265: 5260: 5258:J. E. Johnston 5255: 5253:A. S. Johnston 5250: 5245: 5240: 5235: 5230: 5225: 5220: 5215: 5210: 5205: 5200: 5195: 5193:R. H. Anderson 5189: 5187: 5180: 5172: 5171: 5159: 5158: 5155: 5154: 5151: 5150: 5147: 5146: 5144: 5143: 5138: 5133: 5128: 5123: 5118: 5113: 5107: 5105: 5101: 5100: 5098: 5097: 5092: 5087: 5082: 5077: 5072: 5067: 5062: 5057: 5055:South Carolina 5052: 5047: 5042: 5037: 5032: 5030:North Carolina 5027: 5022: 5017: 5012: 5007: 5002: 4997: 4992: 4987: 4982: 4977: 4972: 4967: 4962: 4957: 4952: 4947: 4942: 4937: 4932: 4927: 4922: 4917: 4912: 4907: 4902: 4897: 4892: 4887: 4882: 4877: 4872: 4867: 4862: 4856: 4854: 4845: 4841: 4840: 4838: 4837: 4832: 4827: 4822: 4817: 4812: 4807: 4802: 4797: 4792: 4787: 4782: 4777: 4772: 4767: 4762: 4757: 4755:Fredericksburg 4752: 4747: 4742: 4737: 4732: 4727: 4722: 4717: 4712: 4707: 4702: 4697: 4695:Wilson's Creek 4692: 4687: 4681: 4679: 4672: 4671: 4669: 4668: 4663: 4658: 4653: 4648: 4643: 4638: 4633: 4628: 4623: 4618: 4613: 4608: 4603: 4598: 4593: 4588: 4583: 4578: 4573: 4568: 4563: 4558: 4553: 4548: 4543: 4537: 4535: 4528: 4527: 4525: 4524: 4519: 4514: 4509: 4507:Lower Seaboard 4504: 4499: 4493: 4491: 4487: 4486: 4483: 4482: 4480: 4479: 4474: 4469: 4463: 4461: 4455: 4454: 4452: 4451: 4446: 4441: 4436: 4430: 4428: 4419: 4411: 4410: 4407: 4406: 4403: 4400: 4397: 4394: 4390: 4382: 4381: 4378: 4377: 4374: 4373: 4371: 4370: 4365: 4363:Harriet Tubman 4360: 4359: 4358: 4351:Charles Sumner 4348: 4343: 4338: 4333: 4328: 4323: 4318: 4313: 4308: 4303: 4298: 4293: 4287: 4285: 4279: 4278: 4276: 4275: 4268: 4263: 4258: 4253: 4248: 4243: 4238: 4233: 4228: 4221: 4216: 4211: 4205: 4203: 4197: 4196: 4194: 4193: 4188: 4186:States' rights 4183: 4178: 4173: 4168: 4163: 4158: 4153: 4148: 4143: 4138: 4133: 4128: 4123: 4118: 4112: 4110: 4108: 4107: 4101: 4094: 4093: 4083: 4082: 4075: 4074: 4067: 4060: 4052: 4043: 4042: 4039: 4038: 4036: 4035: 4030: 4025: 4019: 4017: 4013: 4012: 4010: 4009: 4004: 3998: 3996: 3989: 3985: 3984: 3981: 3980: 3978: 3977: 3971: 3969: 3961: 3960: 3958: 3957: 3952: 3947: 3942: 3936: 3934: 3921: 3917: 3916: 3913: 3912: 3910: 3909: 3904: 3902:Sailor's Creek 3899: 3897:3rd Petersburg 3894: 3889: 3884: 3879: 3873: 3871: 3867: 3866: 3864: 3863: 3857: 3850: 3848: 3841: 3835: 3834: 3831: 3830: 3828: 3827: 3822: 3817: 3815:Chaffin's Farm 3812: 3810:3rd Winchester 3807: 3802: 3797: 3792: 3790:2nd Petersburg 3787: 3782: 3777: 3772: 3767: 3761: 3759: 3755: 3754: 3752: 3751: 3750:(Jun–Mar 1865) 3745: 3739: 3733: 3727: 3720: 3718: 3711: 3705: 3704: 3701: 3700: 3698: 3697: 3692: 3686: 3684: 3680: 3679: 3677: 3676: 3670: 3664: 3658: 3652: 3645: 3643: 3636: 3630: 3629: 3626: 3625: 3623: 3622: 3620:Fredericksburg 3617: 3612: 3607: 3606: 3605: 3600: 3595: 3590: 3585: 3580: 3575: 3570: 3560: 3555: 3550: 3544: 3542: 3538: 3537: 3535: 3534: 3528: 3525:Fredericksburg 3522: 3516: 3510: 3504: 3498: 3491: 3489: 3482: 3476: 3475: 3472: 3471: 3469: 3468: 3463: 3457: 3455: 3448: 3447: 3445: 3444: 3441: 3435: 3432: 3426: 3420: 3416: 3414: 3405: 3399: 3398: 3391: 3390: 3383: 3376: 3368: 3362: 3361: 3349: 3334: 3333:External links 3331: 3330: 3329: 3314: 3295: 3278: 3259: 3242: 3227: 3209: 3192: 3189: 3188: 3187: 3168: 3165: 3164: 3163: 3158: 3143: 3126: 3111: 3096: 3081: 3072: 3063: 3046: 3031: 3012: 2995: 2980: 2965: 2948: 2945: 2942: 2941: 2928: 2915: 2898: 2885: 2872: 2856: 2843: 2830: 2817: 2804: 2791: 2778: 2761: 2744: 2727: 2718: 2701: 2684: 2667: 2654: 2645: 2628: 2611: 2590: 2577: 2560: 2547: 2526: 2513: 2500: 2491: 2474: 2457: 2449:Young Napoleon 2440: 2432:Young Napoleon 2423: 2406: 2393: 2380: 2371: 2362: 2349: 2336: 2319: 2310: 2297: 2284: 2267: 2263:Young Napoleon 2254: 2245: 2236: 2219: 2210: 2193: 2176: 2159: 2146: 2133: 2116: 2107: 2098: 2081: 2065: 2045: 2029: 2010: 1989: 1974: 1958: 1942: 1926: 1912: 1911: 1909: 1906: 1905: 1904: 1899: 1894: 1888: 1887: 1871: 1868: 1810: 1798: 1796: 1793: 1769:Evander M. Law 1765:John Bell Hood 1717: 1714: 1642:on the James. 1605: 1602: 1563: 1560: 1525: 1522: 1499: 1496: 1480:John Bell Hood 1438: 1435: 1403: 1387: 1384: 1333:Benjamin Huger 1313: 1310: 1276: 1273: 1272: 1271: 1260:John G. Walker 1248: 1234:William Mahone 1230:Benjamin Huger 1226: 1219:David R. Jones 1207: 1200:Roger A. Pryor 1176: 1145: 1099: 1098: 1097: 1096: 1088: 1087: 1080: 1078: 1074:Benjamin Huger 1070: 1069: 1062: 1060: 1052: 1051: 1044: 1042: 1034: 1033: 1026: 1024: 1016: 1015: 1008: 1006: 998: 997: 990: 985: 984: 971: 968: 967: 966: 951: 933: 911: 893: 875: 847: 846: 845: 844: 836: 835: 828: 826: 818: 817: 810: 808: 800: 799: 792: 790: 782: 781: 774: 772: 764: 763: 756: 751: 750: 737: 734: 697: 694: 662:Benjamin Huger 657:Mechanicsville 643: 640: 559: 553: 539:Main article: 536: 533: 522:Main article: 519: 516: 514: 511: 461:) on June 26, 459:Mechanicsville 395: 394: 392: 391: 390: 389: 384: 379: 374: 369: 364: 359: 354: 342: 337: 332: 330:Drewry's Bluff 327: 322: 317: 312: 306: 303: 302: 295: 294: 287: 280: 272: 264: 263: 260:15,758 wounded 252: 240: 239: 235: 234: 231: 230: 229: 226: 217: 216: 212: 211: 201: 188: 187: 186:Units involved 183: 182: 172: 159: 158: 154: 153: 141: 123: 122: 118: 117: 114: 113: 103: 99: 98: 91:Hanover County 89: 87: 83: 82: 79: 71: 70: 45: 44: 37: 36: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6766: 6755: 6752: 6750: 6747: 6745: 6742: 6740: 6737: 6735: 6732: 6730: 6727: 6725: 6722: 6721: 6719: 6704: 6700: 6696: 6694: 6686: 6685: 6682: 6668: 6665: 6664: 6662: 6658: 6652: 6649: 6647: 6644: 6642: 6639: 6637: 6634: 6632: 6629: 6627: 6624: 6622: 6621:Photographers 6619: 6617: 6614: 6612: 6609: 6607: 6604: 6602: 6599: 6597: 6596:Gender issues 6594: 6592: 6589: 6585: 6582: 6581: 6580: 6577: 6573: 6570: 6569: 6568: 6565: 6563: 6560: 6558: 6555: 6553: 6550: 6549: 6547: 6543: 6535: 6532: 6530: 6527: 6525: 6522: 6520: 6517: 6516: 6515: 6512: 6510: 6507: 6505: 6502: 6500: 6497: 6495: 6492: 6491: 6489: 6485: 6479: 6476: 6474: 6471: 6469: 6466: 6464: 6461: 6459: 6458: 6454: 6452: 6449: 6447: 6444: 6442: 6439: 6438: 6436: 6434: 6430: 6424: 6423:War Democrats 6421: 6419: 6416: 6414: 6413:Union Leagues 6411: 6409: 6406: 6404: 6401: 6399: 6396: 6394: 6391: 6389: 6386: 6384: 6381: 6379: 6376: 6374: 6371: 6369: 6366: 6364: 6361: 6359: 6356: 6354: 6351: 6349: 6346: 6345: 6343: 6339: 6333: 6330: 6328: 6325: 6323: 6320: 6318: 6315: 6313: 6312:Turning point 6310: 6308: 6305: 6303: 6300: 6298: 6295: 6293: 6290: 6288: 6285: 6283: 6282:Naval battles 6280: 6278: 6275: 6273: 6270: 6268: 6265: 6263: 6260: 6258: 6255: 6253: 6250: 6248: 6245: 6243: 6240: 6238: 6235: 6234: 6232: 6228: 6224: 6216: 6215: 6211: 6207: 6193: 6190: 6188: 6185: 6183: 6180: 6178: 6175: 6173: 6170: 6168: 6167: 6163: 6161: 6158: 6156: 6153: 6151: 6148: 6147: 6145: 6141: 6135: 6132: 6130: 6127: 6126: 6124: 6120: 6110: 6107: 6103: 6100: 6098: 6095: 6093: 6090: 6089: 6088: 6085: 6084: 6082: 6078: 6070: 6067: 6065: 6062: 6061: 6060: 6057: 6056: 6054: 6050: 6047: 6045:and memorials 6041: 6035: 6032: 6030: 6027: 6025: 6022: 6020: 6017: 6015: 6012: 6010: 6007: 6005: 6002: 6000: 5997: 5995: 5992: 5990: 5987: 5985: 5982: 5978: 5975: 5973: 5970: 5969: 5968: 5965: 5963: 5960: 5956: 5953: 5951: 5948: 5946: 5943: 5941: 5938: 5936: 5933: 5931: 5928: 5926: 5923: 5921: 5918: 5916: 5913: 5911: 5908: 5907: 5906: 5905:Commemoration 5903: 5902: 5900: 5894: 5888: 5885: 5883: 5880: 5876: 5873: 5872: 5871: 5868: 5866: 5863: 5861: 5858: 5854: 5851: 5850: 5849: 5846: 5844: 5841: 5839: 5836: 5832: 5829: 5827: 5824: 5822: 5819: 5817: 5814: 5813: 5812: 5809: 5805: 5802: 5800: 5797: 5795: 5792: 5790: 5787: 5785: 5782: 5781: 5780: 5777: 5775: 5772: 5770: 5767: 5765: 5762: 5758: 5755: 5753: 5750: 5748: 5747:first inquiry 5745: 5743: 5740: 5738: 5735: 5733: 5730: 5729: 5728: 5725: 5720: 5717: 5715: 5712: 5711: 5710: 5707: 5705: 5702: 5700: 5697: 5695: 5692: 5688: 5685: 5684: 5683: 5680: 5678: 5675: 5673: 5670: 5668: 5667:Carpetbaggers 5665: 5663: 5660: 5658: 5655: 5654: 5652: 5650: 5646: 5638: 5635: 5633: 5630: 5628: 5625: 5624: 5623: 5620: 5619: 5617: 5615: 5611: 5607: 5600: 5596: 5578: 5575: 5573: 5570: 5568: 5565: 5563: 5560: 5558: 5555: 5553: 5550: 5548: 5545: 5543: 5540: 5538: 5535: 5533: 5530: 5528: 5525: 5524: 5522: 5518: 5512: 5509: 5507: 5504: 5502: 5499: 5497: 5494: 5492: 5489: 5487: 5484: 5482: 5479: 5477: 5474: 5472: 5469: 5467: 5464: 5462: 5459: 5457: 5454: 5452: 5449: 5447: 5444: 5442: 5439: 5437: 5434: 5432: 5429: 5427: 5424: 5422: 5419: 5417: 5414: 5412: 5409: 5407: 5404: 5402: 5399: 5397: 5394: 5393: 5391: 5387: 5384: 5380: 5370: 5367: 5365: 5362: 5360: 5357: 5355: 5352: 5350: 5347: 5345: 5342: 5340: 5337: 5335: 5332: 5330: 5327: 5326: 5324: 5320: 5314: 5311: 5309: 5306: 5304: 5301: 5299: 5296: 5294: 5291: 5289: 5286: 5284: 5281: 5279: 5276: 5274: 5271: 5269: 5266: 5264: 5261: 5259: 5256: 5254: 5251: 5249: 5246: 5244: 5241: 5239: 5236: 5234: 5231: 5229: 5226: 5224: 5221: 5219: 5216: 5214: 5211: 5209: 5206: 5204: 5201: 5199: 5196: 5194: 5191: 5190: 5188: 5184: 5181: 5177: 5173: 5169: 5164: 5160: 5142: 5139: 5137: 5134: 5132: 5129: 5127: 5124: 5122: 5119: 5117: 5114: 5112: 5109: 5108: 5106: 5102: 5096: 5093: 5091: 5090:West Virginia 5088: 5086: 5083: 5081: 5078: 5076: 5073: 5071: 5068: 5066: 5063: 5061: 5058: 5056: 5053: 5051: 5048: 5046: 5043: 5041: 5038: 5036: 5033: 5031: 5028: 5026: 5023: 5021: 5018: 5016: 5013: 5011: 5010:New Hampshire 5008: 5006: 5003: 5001: 4998: 4996: 4993: 4991: 4988: 4986: 4983: 4981: 4978: 4976: 4973: 4971: 4970:Massachusetts 4968: 4966: 4963: 4961: 4958: 4956: 4953: 4951: 4948: 4946: 4943: 4941: 4938: 4936: 4933: 4931: 4928: 4926: 4923: 4921: 4918: 4916: 4913: 4911: 4908: 4906: 4903: 4901: 4898: 4896: 4893: 4891: 4888: 4886: 4883: 4881: 4878: 4876: 4873: 4871: 4868: 4866: 4863: 4861: 4858: 4857: 4855: 4849: 4846: 4842: 4836: 4833: 4831: 4828: 4826: 4823: 4821: 4818: 4816: 4813: 4811: 4808: 4806: 4803: 4801: 4798: 4796: 4793: 4791: 4788: 4786: 4783: 4781: 4778: 4776: 4773: 4771: 4768: 4766: 4763: 4761: 4758: 4756: 4753: 4751: 4748: 4746: 4743: 4741: 4738: 4736: 4733: 4731: 4728: 4726: 4723: 4721: 4718: 4716: 4713: 4711: 4710:Hampton Roads 4708: 4706: 4703: 4701: 4700:Fort Donelson 4698: 4696: 4693: 4691: 4688: 4686: 4683: 4682: 4680: 4678: 4673: 4667: 4664: 4662: 4659: 4657: 4654: 4652: 4649: 4647: 4644: 4642: 4639: 4637: 4634: 4632: 4629: 4627: 4624: 4622: 4619: 4617: 4614: 4612: 4609: 4607: 4604: 4602: 4599: 4597: 4596:Morgan's Raid 4594: 4592: 4589: 4587: 4584: 4582: 4579: 4577: 4574: 4572: 4569: 4567: 4564: 4562: 4559: 4557: 4554: 4552: 4549: 4547: 4544: 4542: 4541:Anaconda Plan 4539: 4538: 4536: 4534: 4529: 4523: 4520: 4518: 4517:Pacific Coast 4515: 4513: 4510: 4508: 4505: 4503: 4500: 4498: 4495: 4494: 4492: 4488: 4478: 4475: 4473: 4470: 4468: 4465: 4464: 4462: 4460: 4456: 4450: 4447: 4445: 4442: 4440: 4437: 4435: 4432: 4431: 4429: 4427: 4423: 4420: 4416: 4412: 4404: 4401: 4398: 4395: 4392: 4391: 4387: 4383: 4369: 4366: 4364: 4361: 4357: 4354: 4353: 4352: 4349: 4347: 4344: 4342: 4339: 4337: 4334: 4332: 4329: 4327: 4324: 4322: 4319: 4317: 4314: 4312: 4309: 4307: 4304: 4302: 4299: 4297: 4294: 4292: 4289: 4288: 4286: 4284: 4280: 4274: 4273: 4269: 4267: 4264: 4262: 4259: 4257: 4254: 4252: 4251:Positive good 4249: 4247: 4244: 4242: 4239: 4237: 4234: 4232: 4229: 4227: 4226: 4222: 4220: 4217: 4215: 4212: 4210: 4207: 4206: 4204: 4202: 4198: 4192: 4189: 4187: 4184: 4182: 4179: 4177: 4174: 4172: 4169: 4167: 4166:Panic of 1857 4164: 4162: 4159: 4157: 4154: 4152: 4149: 4147: 4144: 4142: 4139: 4137: 4134: 4132: 4129: 4127: 4126:Border states 4124: 4122: 4119: 4117: 4114: 4113: 4111: 4106: 4103: 4102: 4099: 4095: 4088: 4084: 4080: 4073: 4068: 4066: 4061: 4059: 4054: 4053: 4050: 4034: 4031: 4029: 4026: 4024: 4021: 4020: 4018: 4014: 4008: 4005: 4003: 4000: 3999: 3997: 3993: 3990: 3986: 3976: 3973: 3972: 3970: 3967: 3962: 3956: 3953: 3951: 3948: 3946: 3943: 3941: 3938: 3937: 3935: 3931: 3925: 3922: 3918: 3908: 3905: 3903: 3900: 3898: 3895: 3893: 3890: 3888: 3885: 3883: 3880: 3878: 3875: 3874: 3872: 3870:Major battles 3868: 3861: 3858: 3855: 3852: 3851: 3849: 3845: 3842: 3840: 3836: 3826: 3823: 3821: 3818: 3816: 3813: 3811: 3808: 3806: 3803: 3801: 3798: 3796: 3793: 3791: 3788: 3786: 3783: 3781: 3778: 3776: 3773: 3771: 3768: 3766: 3763: 3762: 3760: 3758:Major battles 3756: 3749: 3746: 3743: 3740: 3737: 3734: 3731: 3728: 3725: 3722: 3721: 3719: 3715: 3712: 3710: 3706: 3696: 3693: 3691: 3688: 3687: 3685: 3683:Major battles 3681: 3674: 3671: 3668: 3665: 3662: 3659: 3656: 3653: 3650: 3647: 3646: 3644: 3640: 3637: 3635: 3631: 3621: 3618: 3616: 3613: 3611: 3608: 3604: 3601: 3599: 3596: 3594: 3591: 3589: 3586: 3584: 3581: 3579: 3576: 3574: 3571: 3569: 3566: 3565: 3564: 3561: 3559: 3556: 3554: 3551: 3549: 3548:Hampton Roads 3546: 3545: 3543: 3541:Major battles 3539: 3532: 3529: 3526: 3523: 3520: 3517: 3514: 3511: 3508: 3505: 3502: 3499: 3496: 3493: 3492: 3490: 3486: 3483: 3481: 3477: 3467: 3464: 3462: 3459: 3458: 3456: 3454: 3449: 3442: 3439: 3436: 3433: 3430: 3427: 3424: 3421: 3418: 3417: 3415: 3413: 3409: 3406: 3404: 3400: 3396: 3389: 3384: 3382: 3377: 3375: 3370: 3369: 3366: 3360: 3356: 3353: 3350: 3347: 3343: 3342: 3337: 3336: 3327: 3326:0-06-015529-9 3323: 3319: 3315: 3312: 3311:0-253-36453-1 3308: 3304: 3300: 3296: 3293: 3292:0-671-70921-6 3289: 3285: 3282: 3279: 3276: 3275:0-7858-1575-9 3272: 3268: 3267: 3263: 3260: 3257: 3256:0-02-864685-1 3253: 3249: 3246: 3243: 3240: 3236: 3232: 3228: 3225: 3224:0-8078-2552-2 3221: 3217: 3213: 3210: 3207: 3203: 3199: 3195: 3194: 3185: 3183: 3177: 3176: 3171: 3170: 3162: 3159: 3156: 3155:0-89919-790-6 3152: 3148: 3144: 3141: 3140:0-306-80913-3 3137: 3133: 3130: 3127: 3124: 3123:0-8117-2868-4 3120: 3116: 3112: 3109: 3108:0-253-34532-4 3105: 3101: 3097: 3094: 3093:0-915992-93-0 3090: 3086: 3082: 3079: 3076: 3073: 3070: 3067: 3064: 3061: 3060:0-395-74012-6 3057: 3053: 3052: 3047: 3044: 3043:0-87338-580-2 3040: 3036: 3032: 3029: 3025: 3021: 3017: 3013: 3010: 3009:0-684-84944-5 3006: 3002: 2999: 2996: 2993: 2992:0-8094-4804-1 2989: 2985: 2981: 2978: 2974: 2970: 2966: 2963: 2962:0-253-33963-4 2959: 2955: 2951: 2950: 2938: 2932: 2925: 2919: 2912: 2908: 2902: 2895: 2889: 2882: 2876: 2869: 2863: 2861: 2853: 2847: 2840: 2834: 2827: 2821: 2814: 2808: 2801: 2795: 2788: 2782: 2775: 2771: 2765: 2758: 2754: 2748: 2741: 2737: 2731: 2722: 2715: 2711: 2705: 2698: 2694: 2688: 2681: 2677: 2671: 2664: 2658: 2649: 2642: 2638: 2632: 2625: 2621: 2615: 2608: 2604: 2600: 2594: 2587: 2581: 2574: 2570: 2564: 2557: 2551: 2544: 2540: 2536: 2530: 2523: 2517: 2510: 2504: 2495: 2488: 2484: 2478: 2471: 2467: 2461: 2454: 2450: 2444: 2437: 2433: 2427: 2420: 2416: 2410: 2403: 2397: 2390: 2384: 2375: 2366: 2359: 2353: 2346: 2340: 2333: 2329: 2323: 2314: 2307: 2301: 2294: 2288: 2281: 2277: 2271: 2264: 2258: 2249: 2240: 2233: 2229: 2223: 2214: 2207: 2203: 2197: 2190: 2186: 2180: 2173: 2169: 2163: 2156: 2150: 2143: 2137: 2130: 2126: 2120: 2111: 2102: 2095: 2091: 2085: 2078: 2072: 2070: 2062: 2058: 2052: 2050: 2042: 2038: 2033: 2027: 2023: 2019: 2014: 2007: 2002:8,066 wounded 1998: 1993: 1987: 1983: 1978: 1971: 1965: 1963: 1955: 1949: 1947: 1939: 1935: 1930: 1923: 1917: 1913: 1903: 1900: 1898: 1895: 1893: 1890: 1889: 1885: 1874: 1867: 1865: 1861: 1857: 1851: 1849: 1843: 1841: 1837: 1832: 1831:Henry Halleck 1826: 1821: 1815: 1808: 1802: 1792: 1790: 1786: 1785:Edmund Ruffin 1780: 1778: 1772: 1770: 1766: 1762: 1758: 1752: 1750: 1746: 1740: 1738: 1734: 1733:Henry J. Hunt 1729: 1723: 1713: 1709: 1707: 1706:John Sedgwick 1703: 1699: 1698:Philip Kearny 1695: 1694:Joseph Hooker 1690: 1688: 1684: 1680: 1675: 1673: 1669: 1663: 1661: 1660:Micah Jenkins 1655: 1653: 1647: 1643: 1641: 1640: 1628: 1620: 1615: 1611: 1601: 1597: 1595: 1591: 1586: 1582: 1578: 1574: 1569: 1559: 1555: 1553: 1547: 1545: 1541: 1537: 1531: 1521: 1518: 1513: 1509: 1506: 1495: 1491: 1487: 1485: 1484:Texas Brigade 1481: 1477: 1472: 1470: 1466: 1461: 1457: 1452: 1443: 1437:Gaines's Mill 1434: 1430: 1428: 1424: 1417: 1415: 1408: 1402: 1398: 1393: 1383: 1379: 1376: 1371: 1369: 1368:Robert Ransom 1365: 1361: 1357: 1353: 1352:Cuvier Grover 1349: 1345: 1341: 1336: 1334: 1330: 1329:Philip Kearny 1326: 1325:Joseph Hooker 1319: 1305: 1297: 1289: 1281: 1269: 1268:J.E.B. Stuart 1265: 1264:Henry A. Wise 1261: 1257: 1256:Junius Daniel 1253: 1249: 1247: 1243: 1239: 1235: 1231: 1227: 1224: 1220: 1217:, Brig. Gen. 1216: 1212: 1208: 1205: 1201: 1197: 1193: 1189: 1185: 1181: 1177: 1174: 1170: 1166: 1162: 1158: 1154: 1150: 1146: 1143: 1139: 1136: 1132: 1128: 1124: 1120: 1116: 1113: 1110: 1109: 1108: 1106: 1093: 1084: 1079: 1075: 1066: 1061: 1057: 1048: 1043: 1039: 1030: 1025: 1021: 1012: 1007: 1003: 994: 989: 988: 987: 986: 981: 977: 964: 960: 956: 952: 949: 945: 941: 938:, Brig. Gen. 937: 934: 931: 927: 923: 919: 916:, Brig. Gen. 915: 912: 909: 905: 901: 898:, Brig. Gen. 897: 894: 891: 890:Philip Kearny 887: 886:Joseph Hooker 883: 880:, Brig. Gen. 879: 876: 873: 872:John Sedgwick 869: 865: 862:, Brig. Gen. 861: 858: 857: 856: 854: 841: 832: 827: 823: 814: 809: 805: 796: 791: 787: 778: 773: 769: 760: 755: 754: 753: 752: 747: 743: 733: 731: 727: 722: 720: 716: 715:John R. Jones 712: 706: 702: 693: 691: 686: 682: 677: 673: 671: 670:J.E.B. Stuart 667: 663: 658: 654: 650: 639: 637: 632: 628: 623: 621: 617: 613: 609: 604: 602: 598: 594: 590: 587: 583: 579: 575: 571: 552: 547: 542: 531: 525: 510: 508: 504: 498: 496: 492: 488: 484: 480: 476: 472: 468: 464: 463:Gaines's Mill 460: 456: 452: 447: 445: 441: 437: 433: 430: 426: 423: 419: 418:Robert E. Lee 415: 411: 408:, during the 407: 403: 388: 385: 383: 380: 378: 375: 373: 370: 368: 365: 363: 360: 358: 355: 353: 350: 349: 348: 347: 343: 341: 338: 336: 333: 331: 328: 326: 323: 321: 318: 316: 313: 311: 310:Hampton Roads 308: 307: 304: 293: 288: 286: 281: 279: 274: 273: 270: 256: 253: 249:8,066 wounded 245: 242: 241: 236: 232: 227: 224: 223: 222: 219: 218: 213: 210: 206: 202: 200: 195: 190: 189: 184: 181: 180:Robert E. Lee 177: 173: 171: 166: 161: 160: 155: 152: 147: 142: 139: 135: 134:United States 130: 125: 124: 119: 111: 108:victory (See 107: 104: 101: 100: 96: 92: 88: 85: 84: 80: 77: 76: 72: 68: 64: 60: 59:Robert E. Lee 56: 51: 46: 43: 38: 33: 30: 19: 6562:Bibliography 6545:Other topics 6487:By ethnicity 6455: 6408:Trent Affair 6307:Signal Corps 6164: 5887:White League 5774:Ku Klux Klan 5687:Confederados 5614:Constitution 5486:D. D. Porter 5339:Breckinridge 5050:Rhode Island 5045:Pennsylvania 4800:Spotsylvania 4760:Stones River 4740:2nd Bull Run 4734: 4690:1st Bull Run 4576:Stones River 4477:Marine Corps 4444:Marine Corps 4283:Abolitionism 4270: 4223: 3887:Fort Stedman 3805:Globe Tavern 3610:2nd Bull Run 3603:Malvern Hill 3578:Gaines' Mill 3562: 3553:Williamsburg 3466:1st Bull Run 3340: 3317: 3302: 3298: 3283: 3265: 3247: 3230: 3215: 3197: 3179: 3174: 3146: 3131: 3114: 3099: 3084: 3077: 3068: 3050: 3034: 3015: 3000: 2983: 2968: 2953: 2936: 2931: 2923: 2918: 2910: 2906: 2901: 2893: 2888: 2881:Tried By War 2880: 2875: 2867: 2851: 2846: 2838: 2833: 2825: 2820: 2812: 2807: 2799: 2794: 2786: 2781: 2773: 2769: 2764: 2756: 2752: 2747: 2739: 2735: 2730: 2721: 2713: 2709: 2704: 2696: 2692: 2687: 2679: 2675: 2670: 2662: 2657: 2648: 2640: 2636: 2631: 2623: 2619: 2614: 2606: 2602: 2598: 2593: 2585: 2580: 2572: 2568: 2563: 2555: 2550: 2542: 2538: 2534: 2529: 2521: 2516: 2508: 2503: 2494: 2486: 2482: 2477: 2469: 2465: 2460: 2452: 2448: 2443: 2435: 2431: 2426: 2418: 2414: 2409: 2401: 2396: 2388: 2383: 2374: 2365: 2357: 2352: 2344: 2339: 2331: 2327: 2322: 2313: 2305: 2300: 2292: 2287: 2279: 2275: 2270: 2262: 2257: 2248: 2239: 2231: 2227: 2222: 2213: 2205: 2201: 2196: 2188: 2184: 2179: 2171: 2167: 2162: 2154: 2149: 2141: 2136: 2128: 2124: 2119: 2110: 2101: 2093: 2089: 2084: 2076: 2060: 2056: 2040: 2036: 2032: 2017: 2013: 2005: 2000:1,734 killed 1996: 1992: 1981: 1977: 1969: 1953: 1933: 1929: 1921: 1916: 1852: 1844: 1840:yellow fever 1827: 1823: 1817: 1812: 1804: 1800: 1781: 1773: 1753: 1741: 1728:Malvern Hill 1725: 1716:Malvern Hill 1710: 1691: 1676: 1664: 1656: 1648: 1644: 1638: 1633: 1598: 1587: 1583: 1579: 1575: 1571: 1556: 1548: 1533: 1514: 1510: 1501: 1492: 1488: 1473: 1465:George Sykes 1462: 1458: 1454: 1431: 1419: 1413: 1410: 1405: 1399: 1395: 1380: 1372: 1337: 1321: 1102: 926:George Sykes 908:John J. Peck 851:McClellan's 850: 723: 707: 703: 699: 678: 674: 645: 624: 605: 593:Warwick Line 567: 499: 448: 439: 401: 399: 387:Malvern Hill 362:Gaines' Mill 345: 344: 320:Williamsburg 258:3,494 killed 254: 247:1,734 killed 243: 220: 121:Belligerents 40:Part of the 29: 6368:Copperheads 6080:Confederate 5972:Black Codes 5298:E. K. Smith 5179:Confederate 5126:New Orleans 5121:Chattanooga 4985:Mississippi 4885:Connecticut 4853:territories 4844:Involvement 4805:Cold Harbor 4795:Fort Pillow 4785:Chattanooga 4780:Chickamauga 4730:Seven Pines 4720:New Orleans 4685:Fort Sumter 4626:Valley 1864 4459:Confederacy 4256:Slave Power 4236:Fire-Eaters 4007:Susquehanna 4002:Monongahela 3995:Departments 3882:Bentonville 3820:Cedar Creek 3780:Cold Harbor 3661:Gettysburg 3558:Seven Pines 3461:Fort Sumter 2922:McPherson, 2879:McPherson, 2026:pp. 973–984 2022:pp. 502–510 1920:McPherson, 1427:James River 1223:Howell Cobb 1157:Maxcy Gregg 970:Confederate 963:Silas Casey 726:Seven Pines 578:Fort Monroe 574:Confederate 563: Union 483:James River 414:Confederate 340:Seven Pines 67:Confederate 6718:Categories 6601:Juneteenth 6122:Cemeteries 5999:Red Shirts 5910:Centennial 5860:Red Shirts 5268:Longstreet 5198:Beauregard 5141:Winchester 5116:Charleston 5085:Washington 5020:New Mexico 5015:New Jersey 4875:California 4851:States and 4835:Five Forks 4820:Mobile Bay 4790:Wilderness 4770:Gettysburg 4750:Perryville 4735:Seven Days 4666:Appomattox 4591:Gettysburg 4551:New Mexico 4418:Combatants 4393:Combatants 4306:John Brown 3955:Shenandoah 3892:Five Forks 3860:Appomattox 3854:Wilmington 3775:North Anna 3765:Wilderness 3748:Petersburg 3695:Gettysburg 3301:. Vol. 1, 2947:References 1789:Jeb Stuart 1687:Alabamians 1250:Maj. Gen. 1228:Maj. Gen. 1209:Maj. Gen. 1178:Maj. Gen. 1147:Maj. Gen. 1135:Brig. Gen. 1056:A. P. Hill 959:Jeb Stuart 837:Brig. Gen. 819:Brig. Gen. 801:Brig. Gen. 783:Brig. Gen. 765:Brig. Gen. 586:Brig. Gen. 513:Background 6579:Espionage 6373:Diplomacy 6341:Political 6297:POW camps 6043:Monuments 5870:Scalawags 5865:Redeemers 5603:Aftermath 5552:Pinkerton 5491:Rosecrans 5456:McClellan 5359:Memminger 5095:Wisconsin 5060:Tennessee 4980:Minnesota 4955:Louisiana 4830:Nashville 4775:Vicksburg 4705:Pea Ridge 4656:Carolinas 4611:Red River 4606:Knoxville 4586:Tullahoma 4581:Vicksburg 4561:Peninsula 4533:campaigns 4399:Campaigns 4176:Secession 4016:Landforms 3988:Geography 3862:(Mar–Apr) 3856:(Dec–Feb) 3847:Campaigns 3744:(May–Jun) 3732:(Apr–May) 3717:Campaigns 3675:(Nov–Dec) 3669:(Oct–Nov) 3663:(Jun–Jul) 3657:(Apr–May) 3651:(Mar–Apr) 3642:Campaigns 3568:Oak Grove 3527:(Nov–Dec) 3515:(Jul-Sep) 3509:(Mar–Jul) 3507:Peninsula 3503:(Mar–Jun) 3497:(Feb–Jun) 3488:Campaigns 3440:(Oct–Dec) 3425:(Jun–Dec) 3412:Campaigns 2926:, p. 471. 2913:, p. 387. 2870:, p. 391. 2776:, p. 307. 2626:, p. 191. 2588:, p. 270. 2511:, p. 174. 2391:, p. 289. 2265:, p. 205. 2234:, p. 194. 2174:, p. 184. 2043:, p. 343. 2008:, p. 345. 1986:pp. 21–37 1795:Aftermath 1777:D.H. Hill 1767:and Col. 1590:Merrimack 1375:telegraph 1312:Oak Grove 1149:A.P. Hill 1142:D.H. Hill 1112:Maj. Gen. 1089:Maj. Gen. 1071:Maj. Gen. 1053:Maj. Gen. 1035:Maj. Gen. 1017:Maj. Gen. 999:Maj. Gen. 878:III Corps 429:Maj. Gen. 352:Oak Grove 110:Aftermath 6693:Category 6534:Seminole 6524:Cherokee 6277:Medicine 6230:Military 6143:Veterans 5977:Jim Crow 5742:timeline 5537:Ericsson 5520:Civilian 5501:Sheridan 5461:McDowell 5421:Farragut 5406:Burnside 5396:Anderson 5389:Military 5369:Stephens 5329:Benjamin 5322:Civilian 5208:Buchanan 5186:Military 5131:Richmond 5080:Virginia 5025:New York 5000:Nebraska 4990:Missouri 4975:Michigan 4965:Maryland 4950:Kentucky 4925:Illinois 4900:Delaware 4880:Colorado 4865:Arkansas 4825:Franklin 4745:Antietam 4616:Overland 4571:Maryland 4490:Theaters 4396:Theaters 3950:Virginia 3742:Overland 3673:Mine Run 3615:Antietam 3598:Glendale 3519:Maryland 3429:Manassas 3355:Archived 2866:Burton, 2850:Burton, 2837:Burton, 2811:Burton, 2785:Burton, 2768:Burton, 2691:Burton, 2674:Burton, 2661:Burton, 2635:Burton, 2533:Burton, 2413:Burton, 2343:Burton, 2334:, p. 83. 2274:Burton, 2226:Burton, 2166:Burton, 1924:, p. 470 1870:See also 1858:and the 1340:brigades 1123:division 936:VI Corps 896:IV Corps 860:II Corps 601:Johnston 505:and the 416:General 382:Glendale 315:Yorktown 215:Strength 86:Location 6660:Related 6529:Choctaw 6519:Catawba 6302:Rations 6247:Cavalry 6109:Removal 5737:efforts 5721:of 1873 5567:Stevens 5562:Stanton 5547:Lincoln 5506:Sherman 5441:Halleck 5431:Frémont 5416:Du Pont 5354:Mallory 5313:Wheeler 5248:Jackson 5228:Forrest 5168:Leaders 5111:Atlanta 5075:Vermont 4995:Montana 4935:Indiana 4910:Georgia 4905:Florida 4870:Arizona 4860:Alabama 4810:Atlanta 4725:Corinth 4677:battles 4621:Atlanta 4601:Bristoe 4502:Western 4497:Eastern 4402:Battles 4201:Slavery 4105:Origins 4091:Origins 3945:Potomac 3667:Bristoe 3453:battles 3024:5890637 2905:Sears, 2751:Sears, 2734:Sears, 2708:Sears, 2618:Sears, 2597:Sears, 2554:Sears, 2520:Sears, 2481:Sears, 2464:Sears, 2430:Sears, 2400:Sears, 2326:Sears, 2291:Sears, 2261:Sears, 2183:Sears, 2123:Sears, 2055:Sears, 1968:Sears, 1836:malaria 1275:Battles 914:V Corps 481:on the 6703:Portal 6641:Tokens 5577:Welles 5557:Seward 5542:Hamlin 5511:Thomas 5446:Hooker 5411:Butler 5364:Seddon 5349:Hunter 5334:Bocock 5308:Taylor 5303:Stuart 5293:Semmes 5273:Morgan 5233:Gorgas 5213:Cooper 5104:Cities 5040:Oregon 5005:Nevada 4945:Kansas 4915:Hawaii 4815:Crater 4715:Shiloh 4675:Major 4661:Mobile 4531:Major 4405:States 4356:Caning 3920:Armies 3795:Crater 3451:Major 3324: 3309: 3290: 3273: 3254: 3237: 3222: 3214:, ed. 3204: 3153: 3138: 3121: 3106: 3091: 3058: 3041: 3022: 3007: 2990: 2975: 2960: 2883:, p.97 2037:20,204 1997:15,855 1938:p. 238 1639:Galena 1360:abatis 1244:, and 1202:, and 1171:, and 1103:Lee's 928:, and 561: 555: 255:20,204 244:15,855 102:Result 6446:Dixie 6433:Music 6052:Union 5896:Post- 5732:trial 5532:Chase 5527:Adams 5496:Scott 5471:Meigs 5466:Meade 5436:Grant 5426:Foote 5401:Buell 5382:Union 5344:Davis 5288:Price 5278:Mosby 5223:Ewell 5218:Early 5203:Bragg 5065:Texas 4960:Maine 4920:Idaho 4426:Union 3940:James 3738:(May) 3533:(Dec) 3521:(Sep) 3431:(Jul) 1908:Notes 1346:(the 736:Union 422:Union 138:Union 63:Union 6631:Salt 6237:Arms 6087:List 6059:List 5572:Wade 5481:Pope 5451:Hunt 5283:Polk 5243:Hood 5238:Hill 5070:Utah 5035:Ohio 4940:Iowa 4472:Navy 4467:Army 4439:Navy 4434:Army 3839:1865 3709:1864 3634:1863 3480:1862 3403:1861 3341:Maps 3322:ISBN 3307:ISBN 3288:ISBN 3271:ISBN 3252:ISBN 3235:ISBN 3220:ISBN 3202:ISBN 3151:ISBN 3136:ISBN 3119:ISBN 3104:ISBN 3089:ISBN 3056:ISBN 3039:ISBN 3020:OCLC 3005:ISBN 2988:ISBN 2973:ISBN 2958:ISBN 2024:and 1838:and 1759:and 1700:and 1637:USS 1612:and 1327:and 946:and 906:and 888:and 870:and 713:and 664:and 568:The 400:The 93:and 78:Date 65:and 57:and 5476:Ord 5263:Lee 1685:'s 1482:'s 1350:), 6720:: 3178:: 2859:^ 2068:^ 2048:^ 1961:^ 1945:^ 1546:. 1335:. 1262:, 1258:, 1240:, 1236:, 1198:, 1194:, 1190:, 1186:, 1167:, 1163:, 1159:, 1155:, 1133:, 924:, 509:. 412:. 4071:e 4064:t 4057:v 3387:e 3380:t 3373:v 3348:) 3328:. 3313:. 3294:. 3258:. 3241:. 3226:. 3208:. 3157:. 3142:. 3125:. 3110:. 3095:. 3062:. 3045:. 3030:. 3011:. 2994:. 2979:. 2964:. 1940:. 1270:. 1225:. 1175:. 1144:. 965:. 957:( 950:. 932:. 910:. 892:. 874:. 457:( 291:e 284:t 277:v 140:) 136:( 112:) 20:)

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Knowledge

Seven Days Battles

Index