46:
93:. MUAC measurement, if conducted by well-trained staff, can give a quick assessment of new arrivals at a camp. It is based on the observation that this measurement does not change much in children between six months and five years old, so comparison to a "normal" measurement is useful. Based on analysis of field results, MUAC < 125mm corresponds to GAM and MUAC < 110mm with or without oedema corresponds to SAM.
69:
for the same measurement in the reference population. SAM is defined as a weight to height ratio less than -3 standard deviations on the Z-score for the reference population. In practice, since the distribution of weight to height ratios is much the same in all populations, the two definitions are
53:
To evaluate levels of GAM, workers in an emergency measure the weight and height of children between 6 and 59 months. They then use the results as a proxy for the health of the population as a whole. The weight to height index is compared to the same index for a reference population that has no
105:(IPC), a famine is declared if three conditions exist. First, at least 20% of households face extreme food shortages with limited ability to cope. Second, GAM prevalence exceeds 30%. Third, crude death rates exceed two persons per 10,000 per day. In 2011, the conditions in some parts of the
121:
has set a target that less than 10% of children under five should suffer from Global Acute
Malnutrition in complex humanitarian emergencies. In 2005, this objective was not met in 7% of targeted sites. GAM rates exceeded 10% in eleven camps in
271:
37:) is a measurement of the nutritional status of a population that is often used in protracted refugee situations. Along with the Crude Mortality Rate, it is one of the basic indicators for assessing the severity of a humanitarian crisis.
154:(16%). The report questioned why GAM rates were so high despite all efforts to bring them down, and why camps in Africa had rates consistently over 15% while camps in Asia were usually below 12% GAM.
275:
217:
101:
If 10% or more of children are classified as suffering from GAM, there is generally considered to be a serious emergency, and with over 15% the emergency is considered critical. According to the
364:
54:
shortage of nutrition. All children with weight less than 80% of the median weight of children with the same height in the reference population, and/or suffering from
210:
65:
An alternative definition is that a child suffers from GAM if their weight to height ratio is less than the value at -2 standard deviations on the
389:
300:
102:
138:
published in
January 2006 found unacceptable GAM levels in UNHCR/WFP supported protracted refugee situations including Chad (up to 18%),
357:
17:
62:
describes
Moderate Acute Malnutrition (MAM) as GAM in the 79% - 70% range, and Severe Acute Malnutrition (SAM) as GAM below 70%.
408:"Complex Emergency Database (CE-DAT) - the international repository of health indicators, including GAM, from crisis settings"
255:
329:
70:
equivalent. Weight for height is chosen rather than weight for age since the latter may indicate long-term
178:
82:
382:
440:
296:
59:
131:
411:
45:
245:
435:
118:
8:
251:
81:
The World Health
Organization also defines other measures of malnutrition including
49:
Countries showing percentage of population suffering from undernourishment, 2006
106:
71:
429:
147:
75:
151:
90:
323:"Acute Malnutrition in Protracted Refugee Situations: A Global Strategy"
383:"Global Acute Malnutrition Prevalence (Z-score NCHS reference) – DRC"
322:
127:
86:
139:
66:
186:
55:
143:
135:
123:
358:"WEST AFRICA - Global Acute Malnutrition (GAM) Prevalence"
320:
407:
205:
203:
427:
27:Measurement of a population's nutritional status
297:"FY 2005 Performance and Accountability Report"
243:
200:
103:Integrated Food Security Phase Classification
239:
237:
321:Mary Corbett, Allison Oman (January 2006).
179:"Glossary: Global Acute Malnutrition (GAM)"
234:
112:
299:. U.S. State Department. November 2005.
272:"Ten FAQ for famine in southern Somalia"
44:
173:
171:
169:
167:
14:
428:
164:
24:
247:Travel medicine and migrant health
211:"Acute Malnutrition Summary Sheet"
25:
452:
350:
142:(18.9%), Ethiopia (up to 19.6%),
96:
414:from the original on 2020-08-15
395:from the original on 2012-09-26
370:from the original on 2012-09-26
335:from the original on 2012-10-19
303:from the original on 2019-09-28
223:from the original on 2011-09-27
314:
289:
264:
13:
1:
157:
58:, are classified as GAM. The
40:
250:. Elsevier Health Sciences.
7:
83:mid-upper arm circumference
10:
457:
363:. ReliefWeb. 28 May 2009.
183:Complex Emergency Database
388:. ReliefWeb. April 2011.
60:World Health Organization
31:Global Acute Malnutrition
18:Severe Acute Malnutrition
410:. CRED. September 2012.
274:. UNICEF. Archived from
132:Central African Republic
109:met all three criteria.
244:Cameron Lockie (2000).
130:, and one camp in the
113:Objectives and results
50:
216:. Save the Children.
119:U.S. State Department
48:
134:. A study by the
74:rather than acute
51:
126:, seven camps in
16:(Redirected from
448:
441:Humanitarian aid
422:
420:
419:
403:
401:
400:
394:
387:
378:
376:
375:
369:
362:
344:
343:
341:
340:
334:
327:
318:
312:
311:
309:
308:
293:
287:
286:
284:
283:
268:
262:
261:
241:
232:
231:
229:
228:
222:
215:
207:
198:
197:
195:
194:
185:. Archived from
175:
21:
456:
455:
451:
450:
449:
447:
446:
445:
426:
425:
417:
415:
406:
398:
396:
392:
385:
381:
373:
371:
367:
360:
356:
353:
348:
347:
338:
336:
332:
325:
319:
315:
306:
304:
295:
294:
290:
281:
279:
270:
269:
265:
258:
242:
235:
226:
224:
220:
213:
209:
208:
201:
192:
190:
177:
176:
165:
160:
146:(up to 20.6%),
115:
99:
43:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
454:
444:
443:
438:
424:
423:
404:
379:
352:
351:External links
349:
346:
345:
313:
288:
263:
256:
233:
199:
162:
161:
159:
156:
114:
111:
107:Horn of Africa
98:
97:Interpretation
95:
42:
39:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
453:
442:
439:
437:
434:
433:
431:
413:
409:
405:
391:
384:
380:
366:
359:
355:
354:
331:
328:. UNHCR/WFP.
324:
317:
302:
298:
292:
278:on 2011-09-26
277:
273:
267:
259:
257:0-443-06242-0
253:
249:
248:
240:
238:
219:
212:
206:
204:
189:on 2018-10-02
188:
184:
180:
174:
172:
170:
168:
163:
155:
153:
149:
145:
141:
137:
133:
129:
125:
120:
110:
108:
104:
94:
92:
88:
84:
79:
77:
73:
68:
63:
61:
57:
47:
38:
36:
32:
19:
436:Malnutrition
416:. Retrieved
397:. Retrieved
372:. Retrieved
337:. Retrieved
316:
305:. Retrieved
291:
280:. Retrieved
276:the original
266:
246:
225:. Retrieved
191:. Retrieved
187:the original
182:
148:Sierra Leone
116:
100:
80:
76:malnutrition
64:
52:
34:
30:
29:
152:South Sudan
91:kwashiorkor
430:Categories
418:2012-09-14
399:2011-08-08
374:2011-08-08
339:2011-08-08
307:2011-08-08
282:2011-08-08
227:2011-08-08
193:2011-08-08
158:References
150:(16%) and
41:Definition
412:Archived
390:Archived
365:Archived
330:Archived
301:Archived
218:Archived
128:Ethiopia
87:marasmus
85:(MUAC),
72:stunting
140:Eritrea
67:Z-score
254:
56:oedema
393:(PDF)
386:(PDF)
368:(PDF)
361:(PDF)
333:(PDF)
326:(PDF)
221:(PDF)
214:(PDF)
144:Kenya
136:UNHCR
252:ISBN
124:Chad
117:The
89:and
35:GAM
432::
236:^
202:^
181:.
166:^
78:.
421:.
402:.
377:.
342:.
310:.
285:.
260:.
230:.
196:.
33:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.