Shanghai International Settlement

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functions. Control of police, sanitation, roads, and other problems of local administration are granted to the Municipal Council simply because that body happens to be the one best equipped to deal with these matters in an area where the large majority of foreigners dwell. But the Municipal Council is in no sense a political body. Its powers, being delegated and hence limited, are subject to strict construction. What foreigners acquire is simply the delegated power of municipal administration, while the reserve powers remain in the sovereign grantor, the Chinese Government. Although under the control of the Consular Council, the area is still Chinese territory, over which China's sovereignty remains unsurrendered".

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obtained limited administrative powers over the areas adjacent to these "extra-settlement roads", making the area a "quasi-concession". The expansion of the International Settlement in 1899 took in most of the extra-settlement roads area, but from 1901 the Municipal Council began building further roads beyond the new boundary with a view to expanding the concession to cover those areas as well. However, a request to further expand the concession (inspired by a similar expansion of the French concession in 1914) was turned down by the Chinese government due to anti-imperialist sentiments. Britain, pre-occupied with

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after WWI, and Russia gave up her rights as a matter of political expediency. Belgium was declared by China to have lost her rights in 1927. Furthermore, the Chinese government adamantly refused to grant treaty power status to any of the new nations born in the wake of WWI, such as Austria and Hungary (formerly Austria-Hungary), Poland, Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia, the Baltic states, or Finland.

677:- provided British merchants with the right to reside with their families and rent grounds and houses in five ports – Guanzhou, Xiamen, Fuzhou, Shanghai and Ningbo – but there was not a word about separate residential areas for foreigners on Chinese soil. However, the imperial commissioner who negotiated the supplementary treaty reported to the 1428:, a measurement of weight with several different definitions. These included customs taels (for foreign trade) and cotton taels (for cotton trade), among others. Shanghai had its own tael, which was very similar in weight to the customs tael and therefore popular for international business. China also had a mixture of coins, including Chinese 1564:

its educational value was much greater than the cost of keeping it up. The Shanghai Municipal Orchestra had the financial and verbal backing of many other larger countries, including Italy, who donated 50,000 lire to the orchestra, the France Council, who acted as a defending argument for the maintenance of the orchestra, and Japan, whose

1308:, usually a consular officer, would sit with the Chinese magistrate and in many cases acted like a judge. In 1927, a Provisional Court was established with a sole Chinese judge presiding. In 1930, Chinese Special Courts were established which had jurisdiction over all non-treaty power individuals and companies in the Settlement. 1001:, did not press the issue and the extra-settlement roads area retained the "quasi-concession" status until the demise of the concession. Parts of the northern extra-settlement roads area was allocated to Japan for defence purposes in 1927, which the Japanese used as a base for military operations during the 1932 1563:

In 1938, the Shanghai Municipal Orchestra faced disbandment as the ratepayers in the annual Municipal Council meeting considered reallocating budgets away from the orchestra, since it was "western and unnecessary." However, after much discussion, they decided to keep the orchestra, acknowledging that

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as the country with the largest number of foreign residents in Shanghai. In 1914, Japan sided with Britain and France in the war and conquered all German possessions in China. By the beginning of the 1930s, Japan was swiftly becoming the most powerful national group in Shanghai and accounted for some

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and the Daotai Lin’gui agreed in 1849 that a French settlement be established on a strip of land between the Chinese city and the British settlement. The American consul was somewhat offended by the fact that the British and the French had secured the best plots of land in the area, and after lengthy

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The number of treaty powers had climbed to a high of 19 by 1918 but was down to 14 by the 1930s: the United Kingdom, the United States, Japan, France, Italy, Norway, Sweden, Denmark, the Netherlands, Spain, Portugal, Peru, Mexico, and Switzerland. Germany and Austria-Hungary lost their treaty rights

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European residents of the International Settlement were forced to wear armbands to differentiate them, were evicted from their homes, and—just like Chinese citizens—were liable to maltreatment. All were liable for punitive punishments, torture and even death during the period of Japanese occupation.

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By the early 1930s, the British and the Chinese each had five members on the council, the Japanese two and the Americans and others two. At the 1936 Council election, because of their increasing interests in the Settlement, the Japanese nominated three candidates. Only two were elected, which led to

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In 1932 there were 1,040,780 Chinese living within the International Settlement, with another 400,000 fleeing into the area after the Second Sino-Japanese War broke out in 1937. For the next five years, the International Settlement and the French Concession were surrounded by Japanese occupiers and

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The council had become a practical monopoly over the city's businesses by the mid-1880s. It bought up all the local gas-suppliers, electricity producers and water-companies, then—during the 20th-century—took control over all non-private rickshaws and the Settlement tramways. It also regulated opium

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The Shanghai Post Office controlled all post within the Settlement, but post entering or leaving the treaty port was required to go through the Chinese Imperial Post Office. In 1922 the various foreign postal services, the Shanghai Post Office, and the Chinese Post Office were all brought together

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20–21, 1936, at which the Japanese nominated only two candidates. In the case of the Chinese members, in 1926 the Ratepayers' Meeting adopted a resolution approving the addition of three Chinese members to the council and they took their seats for the first time in April, 1928; while in May, 1930,

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in Japan in the same way they held those in China. However, Japan rapidly developed into a modern nation, and by the turn of the 20th century the Japanese had successfully negotiated with all powers to abrogate all unequal treaties with it. Japan stood alongside the European powers as part of the

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From the 1860s, the Municipal Council began building roads beyond the concession boundaries, ostensibly to connect the concession with other properties or facilities which required the protection of Britain and other treaty powers during the unrest of the Taiping Rebellion. The Municipal Council

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stated unequivocally that "the land encompassed in the territory remains Chinese territory, subject to China's sovereign rights." As expressed by legal experts, "the self-governing International Settlement possesses no more power than the mere delegation of purely local and municipal powers and

862:, is possibly the most notable. An American, he served as the settlement's main administrator during Shanghai's most turbulent era, and was considered more "British" than the council's British members. He oversaw many of the major incidents of the decade, including the May 30th Movement and the 788:

to Suzhou Creek) to become the Shanghai International Settlement. The French concession remained independent and the Chinese retained control over the original walled city and the area surrounding the foreign enclaves. This would later result in sometimes absurd administrative outcomes, such as

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dropped out of the arrangement. The following year the British and American settlements formally united to create the Shanghai International Settlement. As more foreign powers entered into treaty relations with China, their nationals also became part of the administration of the settlement. The

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was governed by a separate municipal council, under the direction of the consul general. The French Concession was not part of the International Settlement, but had economic interests in it as evidenced by the presence of the French flag on the seal and the flag of the Municipal Council.

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The International Settlement did not have a unified legal system. The Municipal Council issued Land Regulations and regulations under this, that were binding on all people in the settlement. Other than this, citizens and subjects of powers that had treaties with China that provided for

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By the late-1860s Shanghai's official governing body had been practically transferred from the individual concessions to the Shanghai Municipal Council (工部局, literally "Works Department", from the standard English local government title of 'Board of works'). The British Consul was the

1476:. The Chinese reckoned purely in terms of silver, and value was always compared against a weight of silver (hence, the reason large prices were given in tael). It was the strict adherence of the Chinese to silver that caused China and even the British colonies of Hong Kong and 773:), ignoring protests of consular officials, and laid down the Land Regulations which established the principles of self-government. The aims of this first Council were simply to assist in the formation of roads, refuse collection, and taxation across the disparate Concessions. 1571:

In addition to the string orchestra, opera and choral music were favored forms of entertainment. Often, the orchestra would accompany singers as a part of orchestra concerts, in addition to the symphonies and other pieces that they played, or just in choral or opera concerts.

701:), which set forth the institutional basis for the British settlement. In 1848, with the permission of the Daotai, the 138-acre British settlement – a fraction of the 5,584 acres the International Settlement was to cover by 1899 – was slightly expanded westward and northward. 1131:

Chinese revolutionaries, with conflict often spilling into the Settlement's borders. In 1941, the Japanese launched an abortive political bid to take over the SMC: during a mass meeting of ratepayers at the Settlement Race Grounds, a Japanese official leaped up and shot

592:, where the United Kingdom and Portugal enjoyed full sovereignty in perpetuity, the foreign concessions in China remained under Chinese sovereignty. In 1854, the three countries created the Shanghai Municipal Council (SMC) to serve all their interests, but, in 1862, the 1009:. After that battle, Japan took full control over the northern extra-settlement roads area and expelled International Settlement police. The neutrality of the western extra-settlement roads area survived in some form until the withdrawal of British troops in 1940. 1181:, which refused to surrender; six of the 18 British crew on board at the time were killed when the ship was sunk after the Japanese opened fire at almost point-blank range. The French troops did not move from the preserved French Concession, as the French 1423:

In Shanghai, this complexity represented a microcosm of the complicated economy existing elsewhere along the China coast. The Chinese reckoned in weights of silver, which did not necessarily correspond to circulating coins. One important unit was a

689:, that is, a system that strictly confined foreigners to a segregated zone. At Shanghai, the intention of the imperial officials had clearly been initially to keep the foreigners out and upon his arrival in 1843, the first British consul, Captain 597:

number of treaty powers had climbed to a high of 19 by 1918 but was down to 14 by the 1930s: the United Kingdom, the United States, Japan, France, Italy, Norway, Sweden, Denmark, the Netherlands, Spain, Portugal, Peru, Mexico, and Switzerland.

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of 1844 had gained the same rights as those enjoyed by the British in the five treaty ports – established their own settlement northeast of Shanghai. In 1852 the total population of the settlements was about 500, including 265 foreigners.

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maintained a United States Postal Agency at the Shanghai consulate through which Americans could use the US Post Office to send mail to and from the US mainland and US territories. Starting in 1919 the 16 current regular US stamps were

685:), an intent however that was not clearly stated in the English-language version of the treaty. The Qing rulers, by intending to confine the "barbarians" to an officially designated special zone, apparently hoped to resurrect the old 1057:. Japan entered the 20th century as a rising world power, and with its unequal treaties with the European powers now abrogated, it actually joined in, obtaining an unequal treaty with China granting extraterritorial rights under the 1214: 1233:. However, because Shanghai was under Japanese control, this was unenforceable. In reply, in July 1943, the Japanese retroceded the SMC to the City Government of Shanghai, which was then in the hands of the pro-Japanese 1240:

After the war and the liberation of the city from the Japanese, a Liquidation Commission fitfully met to discuss the remaining details of the handover. By the end of 1945, most Westerners not actively involved in the

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Shanghai was notable for a long period as the only place in the world that unconditionally offered refuge for Jews escaping from the Nazis. These refugees often lived in squalid conditions in an area known as the

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to remain on the silver standard after the rest of the world had changed over to the gold standard. When China began producing official Republican yuan coins in 1934, they were minted in Shanghai and shipped to

827:, power station, and public works, were British dominated (though not controlled, since Britain itself had no authority over the council). Some of the Settlement's actions during this period, such as the 77: 3031: 930: 6240: 3092:

William C. Johnstone, "International Relations: The Status of Foreign Concessions and Settlements in the Treaty Ports of China", The American Political Science Review, no 5, Oct. 1937, p. 942.

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to the Shanghai Post Office. Some other foreign countries refused to fall under this new postal service's remit, however; for many years, Japan notably sent almost all its mail to Shanghai in

615:. In early 1943, new treaties signed formally ended the extraterritorial privileges of Americans and Britons, although its terms were not met until the recovery of Shanghai following Japan's 604:'s involvement in the late 1930s. The international character of the Settlement was reflected in the flag and seal of the Municipal Council, which featured the flags of several countries. 1648: 1609: 1442:

was used in the Japanese district of "Little Tokyo". European and North American currencies did not officially circulate in the International Settlement. Until the year 1873, however,

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No Chinese residing in the International Settlement were permitted to join the council until 1928. Amongst the many members who served on the council, its chairman during the 1920s,

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The British originally used British postage stamps overprinted with the local currency amount, but from 1868, the British changed to Hong Kong postage stamps already denominated in

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The currency situation in China was very complicated in the 19th century, as there was no unified monetary system. Different parts of China operated different systems, and the

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authority in the Settlement, but he had no actual power unless the ratepayers (who voted for the council) agreed. Instead, he and the other consulates deferred to the council.

1999: 1973: 1804: 1596: 1529:. However, in the special case of Shanghai, in the year 1865 the International Settlement began to issue its own postage stamps, denominated in the local Shanghai tael unit. 1518:

for use in Shanghai with the city's name, "China", and amounts double their printed face values. In 1922 texts for two of the overprints were changed, thereby completing the

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that by signing the treaty he had successfully arranged that in the treaty ports "the boundaries of an area should be designated which foreigners are not allowed to exceed" (

1661: 1635: 1461:, contained an inscription which related their value to an already existing Chinese system of accounts. On the earliest Chinese dollar (yuan) coins it states the words 7 5861: 1739: 1101: 585:. American and French involvement followed closely on the heels of the British and their enclaves were established north and south, respectively, of the British area. 3445:

Cheng, Hu. "Quarantine, Race and Politics in the International Settlement: Clashes between Chinese and Foreigners after the Outbreak of Plague in Shanghai in 1910."

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International merchants brought with them amateur musical talent that manifested in the creation of the Shanghai Philharmonic Society in 1868. From here, the

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Despite the complications arising from a mixture of Chinese and Spanish coinages, there was one overwhelming unifying factor binding all the systems in use:

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was established in the US Consulate in 1906. Both courts were occupied by the Japanese on 8 December 1941 and effectively ceased to function from that date.

4904: 1765: 65: 6346: 6306: 5871: 2463:, social worker with the National YWCA of China (1926–1933) and chief of the social and industrial division of the Shanghai Municipal Council (1933–1942) 1921: 1146: 5836: 3626: 1895: 1726: 1354: 5921: 1469:. The mace and candareen were sub-divisions of the tael unit of weight. Banknotes tended to be issued in dollars, either worded as such or as yuan. 1245:(such as intelligence agents, soldiers, journalists, etc.) or in Shanghai's remaining foreign businesses, had left the city. With the defeat of the 5906: 1300:

Chinese citizens and citizens of non-treaty powers were subject to Chinese law. Inside the Settlement, cases against them would be brought to the

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were subject to the laws of their own countries and civil and criminal complaints against them were required to be brought against them to their

1174:. The British and American troops, taken by surprise, surrendered without a shot, with the exception of the only British riverboat in Shanghai, 4678: 1791: 2899: 1432:

coins and Mexican dollars. Paper money was first issued by European and North American colonial banks (one British colonial bank known as the

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The Chinese themselves officially adopted the dollar unit as their national currency in 1889, and the first Chinese dollar coins, known as

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a Japanese protest after 323 uncounted votes were discovered. As a result, the election was declared invalid and a new poll held on April

693:, could not even find a house for the consulate. The British finally decided to locate themselves in the northern suburbs and asked the 6341: 6311: 6083: 5962: 4705: 4658: 17: 3370: 5805: 5630: 4668: 4577: 2980: 2562: 1882: 1312: 5751: 5635: 2552: 535: 97:

Location of Shanghai International Settlement (in red) relative to the French Concession (faded yellow) and the Chinese zone (gray)

6316: 5473: 5295: 6326: 6224: 6032: 4899: 4717: 4587: 4572: 2587: 1545: 1100:(1937–1945) Hongkew was almost entirely outside of the SMC's hands, with law and protection enforced to varying degrees by the 2943: 1509:, but during the treaty port era foreign postal services were organised through their respective consulates. For example, the 5841: 5478: 4663: 4542: 3416: 2870: 2811: 2784: 2647: 6356: 6250: 6133: 5967: 4878: 1510: 1544:

The General Shanghai Post Office was first located on Beijing Road and moved to the location on Sichuan North Road of the

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The international settlement came to an abrupt end in December 1941 when Japanese troops stormed in immediately following

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1935 map of Shanghai showing the International Settlement with its boundary marked "settlement boundary", as well as the

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including Shanghai were opened to foreign merchants, overturning the monopoly then held by the southern port of Canton (

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Bickers, Robert. "Shanghailanders: The formation and identity of the British settler community in Shanghai 1843–1937."

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In 1931, supposed "protection of Japanese colonists from Chinese aggression" in Hongkew was used as a pretext for the

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were current along the China coast. Until the 1840s, these silver dollar coins were Spanish coins minted mainly in

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coins would have reasonably corresponded in size, shape and value to Mexican dollars. Between 1873 and 1900, all

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Wakeman, Frederick. "Licensing Leisure: The Chinese Nationalists' Attempt to Regulate Shanghai, 1927–49."

3220:"Italy's Gift to Shanghai: Italian Government's Donation of 50,000 Lire to Shanghai Municipal Orchestra". 1311:

Two countries, Britain and the United States, established formal court systems in China to try cases. The

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American marines holding up a Japanese patrol trying to enter the International Settlement, Shanghai, 1938

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into a single Chinese Post Office, thus extending the 1914 membership of the Chinese Post Office to the

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The International Settlement was wholly foreign-controlled, with staff of all nationalities, including

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The Commercial Revolution of Nineteenth-Century China: The Rise of Sino-Western Mercantile Competition

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encouraged the Japanese people to support the orchestra and the culture that it brought to the East.

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Britain evacuated its garrisons from mainland Chinese cities, particularly Shanghai, in August 1940.

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The only department not chaired by a Briton was the Municipal Orchestra, which was controlled by an

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MacPherson, Kerrie L. "Designing China's urban future: The Greater Shanghai Plan, 1927–1937."

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entered and occupied the British and American controlled parts of the city in the wake of the

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in Hongkew. On 21 August 1941 the Japanese government closed Hongkew to Jewish immigration.

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Transcending the Borders of Countries, Languages, and Disciplines in Russian Émigré Culture

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The foreign architecture of the International Settlement era can still be seen today along

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Currency issued inside the settlement for use by the British Armed Forces inside the city (

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July 1854 a committee of Western businessmen met and held the first annual meeting of the

619:. The French later surrendered their privileges in a separate agreement in February 1946. 8: 6058: 5916: 4873: 4520: 4505: 4429: 4170: 4040: 3988: 3915: 3812: 3797: 3738: 3689: 3679: 3674: 3483:"Origin and Development of the Political System in the Shanghai International Settlement" 3294: 2889:(Royal Institute of International Affairs), Vol. 14, No. 12 (Dec. 11, 1937), p. 543. 2652: 2567: 2220: 1674: 1622: 1429: 1286: 1261: 812: 705: 635:

Arrival of the British, the French and the Americans and establishment of the settlements

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International Shanghai (1863–1931): Imperialism and private authority in the Global City

2454:, Canadian educator and sports executive with the YMCA, and commissioned officer in the 6280: 5780: 5418: 5382: 4972: 4962: 4935: 4743: 4222: 4055: 3807: 3532: 3497: 2955: 2932:, British Institute of International and Comparative Law, Vol. 21, No. 1 (1939), p. 45. 2246: 2168: 1462: 1175: 1135:, then chairman of the council. While Keswick was only wounded, a near riot broke out. 1125: 1006: 859: 851: 616: 3396:

Altman, Avraham, and Irene Eber. "Flight to Shanghai, 1938–1940: the larger setting."

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Avraham Altman, and Irene Eber. "Flight to Shanghai, 1938–1940: the larger setting."

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at one time issued banknotes in Shanghai that were denominated in Mexican dollars).

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dollars of the United States and Canada, leading to a rising economic depression.

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British–Chinese Treaty for the Relinquishment of Extra-Territorial Rights in China

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Manley O. Hudson, "The Rendition of the International Mixed Court at Shanghai."

2860: 2774: 2687: 2671: 2520: 2398: 1778: 1565: 1519: 1473: 1447: 1405: 1230: 1198: 1065: 955: 854:, one of the longest serving chairmen of the SMC, as the "Lord Mayor of Shanghai" 734: 601: 600:

Nonetheless, the SMC remained a predominantly British affair until the growth of

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Hudson, Manley O. "The Rendition of the International Mixed Court at Shanghai."

5647: 5642: 5599: 5587: 5572: 5341: 5259: 5175: 5137: 4982: 4945: 4693: 4352: 4322: 4249: 4244: 3998: 3967: 3427: 2626: 2534: 2460: 2416: 2350: 2155: 2038: 1538: 1502: 1417: 1409: 1305: 1293:(courts overseen by consular officials) under the laws of their own countries. 1290: 1069: 840: 808: 674: 558: 551: 547: 469: 194: 107: 4149: 926:

whose extraterritorial rights were established by the United Kingdom treaty).

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Until the late-1920s, therefore, the SMC and its subsidiaries, including the

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Anglo-American influence effectively ended after 8 December 1941, when the

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Lockwood, William W. "The International Settlement at Shanghai, 1924–34."

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sales and prostitution until their banning in 1918 and 1920 respectively.

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Beyond the Neon Lights - Everyday Shanghai in the Early Twentieth Century

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C. F. Fraser, "The Status of the International Settlement at Shanghai",

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Japanese declaration of war on the United States and the British Empire

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The Japanese sent European and American citizens to be interned at the

483: 3439: 2959: 2829:"Shanghai International Settlement Elections: Japan Demand New Ballot" 1161: 557:

The British settlements were established following the victory of the

4818: 4813: 4327: 4312: 4212: 3032:"Lunghua Civilian Assembly Centre: Teacher to reveal grim history of" 1575: 1515: 1466: 1443: 789:

needing three drivers' licenses to travel through the complete city.

574: 3518:"The Shanghai Municipal Council, 1850–1865: Some Biographical Notes" 1336: 1025: 5185: 4337: 4217: 4134: 4060: 3943: 3936: 3881: 3663: 3599:(Institute of East Asian Studies, University of California, 1992.) 3559:

In the shadow of the rising sun: Shanghai under Japanese occupation

2377:

is set in the International Settlement and other parts of Shanghai.

1497:

Shanghai local post stamp showing the seal of the Municipal Council

1077:, which had become an unofficial Japanese settlement, was known as 975: 903: 839:(leading to anti-Western protests), did embarrass and threaten the 539: 431: 347: 1389: 936:

The Settlement maintained its own fire-service, police force (the

673:

and its supplementary treaty of 1843 – the first of the so-called

3268:

The North – China Herald and Supreme Court & Consular Gazette

3222:

The North – China Herald and Supreme Court & Consular Gazette

3199:

The North – China Herald and Supreme Court & Consular Gazette

3173:

The North – China Herald and Supreme Court & Consular Gazette

2954:(1). British Institute of International and Comparative Law: 45. 1482: 887: 102: 639: 622:

It was one of two Chinese international settlements, along with

6041:

Imperial Japanese surprise attacks and battles of December 1941

5114: 3961: 3848: 3838: 3621: 2773:

Flamm, Christoph; Marti, Roland; Raev, Ada (17 December 2018).

1526: 1315:

was established in 1865 and located in its own building in the

1054: 1012: 915: 895: 554:

agreed by both parties. These treaties were abrogated in 1943.

771:

Council for the Foreign Settlement North of the Yang-king-pang

721:

Flag after 1914 with a blank spot where the Prussian flag was.

4124: 4065: 3129:

http://www.stampnotes.com/Notes_from_the_Past/pastnote432.htm

1402: 1219:

Treaty for Relinquishment of Extraterritorial Rights in China

1111: 1096:, when Japanese troops invaded Shanghai. From then until the 907: 899: 342: 180: 3525:

Journal of the Hong Kong Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society

3490:

Journal of the Hong Kong Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society

2445: 1408:

that had been coming from Mexico for a few hundred years on

954:). Following some disturbances at the British concession in 784:)—officially joined the British Settlement (stretching from 5167: 3632: 1425: 2803:

The Greenwood Encyclopedia of International Relations: S-Z

3590:

Port of last resort: The diaspora communities of Shanghai

3243:"Viscount Konoye Urges That Japanese Support Orchestra". 2745:, Leiden Journal of International Law (2021, 34), p. 918. 1450:

dollars had depreciated to about 50% of the value of the

1439: 1073:

80% of all extraterritorial foreigners in China. Much of

2948:

Journal of Comparative Legislation and International Law

2944:"The Status of the International Settlement at Shanghai" 2930:

Journal of Comparative Legislation and International Law

2578:

Former Consulate-General of the United Kingdom, Shanghai

1035: 796:

Boundary Stone of the Shanghai International Settlement.

497: 310:

Reorganized National Government of the Republic of China

2362: 2690:

was also included, later to be replaced by whitespace.

2473: 2999:

Our Times: An Illustrated History of the 20th Century

2981:"The Lewiston Daily Sun – Google News Archive Search" 542:, in which British and American citizens would enjoy 474: 460: 2496: 1051:

fifty-five-day siege of the foreign embassy compound

83:

Seal of the Shanghai Municipality before World War I

71:

Flag of the Shanghai Municipality before World War I

1584:

Simplified map of Shanghai Settlement (west on top)

1209:In February 1943, the International Settlement was 1162:

Japanese occupy the International Settlement (1941)

643:1884 map of Shanghai with foreign concessions: the 3298:. Brantford, Ontario. 15 February 1912. p. 7. 2827: 2686:), the United Kingdom, and the United States. The 1576:List of chairmen of the Shanghai Municipal Council 776:In 1863 the American concession—land fronting the 3102:Bruce, Colin R.; Michael, Thomas (11 June 2007). 2779:. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. pp. 59–61. 2469:, U.S. trade commissioner in Shanghai (1928–1939) 2419:, French clergyman and former Archbishop of Reims 1138: 704:Following the British example, the French consul 6298: 3428:Empire Made Me: An Englishman Adrift in Shanghai 1249:in 1949, the city was occupied by the Communist 729:also arrived, with Russia's construction of the 386:, Shanghai, within the International Settlement. 2885:H. L., "The International Status of Shanghai", 2799: 2719:, University of California Press (1999), p. 31. 2407:, Swiss-American Nobel Prize–winning biochemist 3105:2008 Standard Catalog of World Coins 1901–2000 2772: 2682:, Portugal, Russia, Spain (represented by its 6286:Invasion of Shanghai International Settlement 6026: 3648: 3595:Wakeman, Frederic E., and Wen-Hsin Yeh, eds. 3290:"Mr. J. H. Crocker Tells Of Work at Shanghai" 1541:, which could not be opened by postal staff. 1434:Chartered Bank of India, Australia, and China 1017:Article 28 of the International Settlement's 949: 419: 38: 3171:"The Philharmonic Concert at Masonic Hall". 3101: 2806:. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 1509. 1013:Legal Status of the International Settlement 709:deliberations, the Americans – who with the 3557:Henriot, Christian, and Wen-Hsin Yeh, eds. 186: 6307:States and territories established in 1863 6033: 6019: 3655: 3641: 3365:. Canberra: National Centre of Biography, 3266:"Professor Sternberg's Symphony Concert". 2865:. Stanford University Press. p. 247. 1397:) are reserved for the Foreign Community". 1112:Japanese take over rest of Shanghai (1937) 91: 3457:. New York, NY: Harcourt, Brace & Co. 3335: 2900:"The Queen's join the China Station 1927" 2858: 2563:British Supreme Court for China and Japan 2446:Residents of the International Settlement 1377:Learn how and when to remove this message 1313:British Supreme Court for China and Japan 1204: 1040:In the 19th century, Europeans possessed 985: 581:. The British also established a base on 527:) originated from the 1863 merger of the 5752:Shanghai Yangtze River Tunnel and Bridge 3461: 3150:The North-China Herald and Market Report 2793: 2732:, Oxford University Press (2012), p. 64. 2553:List of former foreign enclaves in China 1579: 1548:that is today the Shanghai Post Museum. 1492: 1416:; but from the 1840s, these gave way to 1388: 1271: 1145: 1115: 1083: 1024: 845: 807: 791: 748: 716: 638: 398:with an unlabelled boundary also marked. 389: 378: 3406: 3336:Foley, Meredith; Radi, Heather (1983). 1264:and in many locations around the city. 1213:returned to the Chinese as part of the 27:Merged conceded territories (1863–1941) 14: 6347:United Kingdom–United States relations 6299: 6225:Sinking of Prince of Wales and Repulse 3452: 3409:Shanghai: China's Gateway to Modernity 3400:28 (2000): 51–86. Jews fleeing Europe 3354: 2941: 2588:List of historic buildings in Shanghai 2371:, British writer. His acclaimed novel 6014: 3636: 3566:American Journal of International Law 3373:from the original on 22 February 2024 3311:John Howard Crocker LL. D., 1870–1959 3308: 3192: 3190: 3081:American Journal of International Law 1036:Rise of Imperial Japan (20th century) 725:Towards the end of the 19th century, 588:Unlike the colonies of Hong Kong and 5862:International Business and Economics 3515: 3480: 3309:Keyes, Mary Eleanor (October 1964). 3021:. W.H. Allen (1960) ASIN: B0000CKH0A 2363:Born in the International Settlement 1511:United States Post Office Department 1359:adding citations to reliable sources 1330: 1120:Japanese soldiers in Shanghai, 1937. 879:their number was increased to five. 780:to the north-east of Soochow Creek ( 744: 565:(1839–1842). Under the terms of the 130:22.59 km (8.72 sq mi) 6271:List of shipwrecks in December 1941 2474:Relation with the French Concession 2441:, British duchess and fashion model 24: 6172:Japanese invasion of Lingayen Gulf 3592:(Stanford University Press, 2003). 3362:Australian Dictionary of Biography 3342:Australian Dictionary of Biography 3187: 2401:, British dancer and choreographer 1522:set of K1-18, "Offices in China". 1488: 1253:and came under the control of the 25: 6368: 6312:Shanghai International Settlement 6152:Japanese invasion of Batan Island 4784:Jiuduansha Wetland Nature Reserve 4608:Waterworks Science and Technology 3882:Lujiazui Financial and Trade Zone 3627:Shanghai International Settlement 3614: 3573:American Political Science Review 3338:"Eleanor Mary Hinder (1893–1963)" 2859:Johnstone, William Crane (1937). 2357: 624:Gulangyu International Settlement 517:Shanghai International Settlement 405:Shanghai International Settlement 35:Shanghai International Settlement 6251:Philippines campaign (1941–1942) 6123: 6117: 6079:Shelling of Johnston and Palmyra 5995: 5994: 3620: 2527: 2513: 2499: 2439:Jane Scott, Duchess of Buccleuch 2429:editor, TV producer and designer 2344: 2331: 2325:William Johnstone "Tony" Keswick 2318: 2305: 2292: 2279: 2266: 2253: 2240: 2227: 2214: 2201: 2188: 2175: 2162: 2149: 2136: 2123: 2110: 2097: 2084: 2065: 2052: 2045: 2032: 2019: 2006: 1993: 1980: 1967: 1954: 1941: 1928: 1915: 1902: 1889: 1876: 1863: 1850: 1837: 1824: 1811: 1798: 1785: 1772: 1759: 1746: 1733: 1720: 1707: 1694: 1681: 1668: 1655: 1642: 1629: 1616: 1603: 1590: 1335: 1191:Lunghua Civilian Assembly Center 661:of the city to the south of the 335: 314: 289: 275: 76: 64: 5133:Shanghai World Financial Center 4651:Party's First National Congress 3357:"Addie Viola Smith (1893–1975)" 3348: 3329: 3302: 3282: 3259: 3236: 3213: 3164: 3141: 3122: 3095: 3086: 3073: 3057: 3044: 3024: 3011: 2991: 2973: 2935: 2922: 2892: 2879: 2852: 1560:was officially formed in 1879. 1346:needs additional citations for 1278:British Supreme Court for China 1267: 962:, which was referred to as the 498: 434:communal concession territories 6337:China–United Kingdom relations 6317:1943 disestablishments in Asia 6261:Battle of Changsha (1941–1942) 6162:Japanese invasion of Lamon Bay 6142:Attack on Clark and Iba Fields 5837:East Political Science and Law 5605:Shanghai Public Transport Card 4706:People's Heroes Memorial Tower 3554:(U of California Press, 1984), 3447:Modern Chinese History Studies 3407:Bergere, Marie-Claire (2010). 3367:Australian National University 3197:"S.M.C. Ratepayers' Meeting". 3138:U.S. Postal Agency in Shanghai 2887:Bulletin of International News 2820: 2766: 2757: 2748: 2741:Wanshu Cong, Frédéric Mégret, 2735: 2722: 2709: 2665: 2543:American Concession (Shanghai) 1139:Evacuation of British garrison 950: 940:), and even possessed its own 657:to the north in faded orange; 653:to the south in faded red and 475: 461: 420: 297:American Concession (Shanghai) 13: 1: 6342:China–United States relations 6327:European colonisation in Asia 6103:Battle of Prachuap Khiri Khan 6099:Japanese invasion of Thailand 4779:Dongping National Forest Park 3897:Yangshan Free Trade Port Area 3315:University of Western Ontario 2904:www.queensroyalsurreys.org.uk 2697: 2614:United States Court for China 2425:, Portuguese-Macanese model, 1321:United States Court for China 1151: 476:Shang-hai Kung-kung Tsu-chieh 283:British Concession (Shanghai) 6167:Japanese invasion of Legazpi 3994:List of people from Shanghai 3662: 2702: 2558:Astor House Hotel (Shanghai) 1558:Shanghai Municipal Orchestra 1546:General Post Office Building 1104:and Japanese members of the 835:were shot by members of the 7: 6357:Foreign affairs in Shanghai 6220:Bombing of Singapore (1941) 6147:Japanese invasion of Aparri 6084:Invasion of Gilbert Islands 6074:First Bombardment of Midway 5791:East Science and Technology 3588:Ristaino, Marcia Reynders. 3431:(Allen Lane History, 2003). 3313:(Thesis). London, Ontario: 2492: 1636:Christopher Augustus Fearon 1326: 1185:considered itself neutral. 10: 6373: 6266:Dutch East Indies campaign 6177:Japanese invasion of Vigan 6157:Japanese invasion of Davao 5181:Shimao International Plaza 4071:Jinshanzui Fishing Village 3892:Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone 3453:Hauser, Ernest O. (1940). 3389: 2548:Shanghai French Concession 2480:Shanghai French Concession 2477: 1418:Mexican republican dollars 1317:British Consulate compound 1123: 989: 968:a contingent of US Marines 763:Shanghai Municipal Council 629: 18:Shanghai Municipal Council 6233: 6185: 6132: 6115: 6046: 5990: 5955: 5907:Political Science and Law 5829: 5773: 5764: 5729: 5613: 5555: 5532: 5504: 5466: 5457: 5432: 5406: 5397: 5309: 5268: 5227: 5218: 5166: 5113: 5104: 5064: 5023: 4928: 4917: 4887: 4846: 4716: 4478: 4422: 4366: 4328:Longemont Shopping Centre 4270: 4160: 4030: 4021: 3981: 3953: 3928: 3914: 3867: 3821: 3721: 3710: 3670: 3462:Earnshaw, Graham (2012). 3355:Barker, Heather (2006) . 3118:– via Google Books. 2846:British Newspaper Archive 2763:Hanchao Hu (1999), p. 32. 2610:(formerly Ward Road Gaol) 2603:Shanghai Municipal Police 2395:, Chinese-American writer 2273:Ernest Brander Macnaghten 1501:Shanghai had developed a 1106:Shanghai Municipal Police 938:Shanghai Municipal Police 868:Shanghai massacre of 1927 837:Shanghai Municipal Police 683:yiding jiezhi, buxu yuyue 524: 509: 489: 482: 468: 454: 447: 442: 438: 427: 413: 409: 404: 330: 254: 250: 246: 242: 232: 222: 218: 210: 206: 177: 170: 166: 156: 146: 142: 134: 124: 116: 101: 90: 60: 55: 48: 39: 34: 5354:Tour of Chongming Island 5196:Shanghai Wheelock Square 5087:Jiading Confucian Temple 4805:Ancient Chinese gardens 4079:European-style boroughs 4051:International Settlement 3887:Shanghai Free-Trade Zone 3785:Shanghai Free-Trade Zone 3607:Journal of Asian Studies 3575:28.6 (1934): 1030–1046. 2834:Dundee Evening Telegraph 2800:Cathal J. Nolan (2002). 2658: 2456:Shanghai Volunteer Corps 2236:(17.3.1922 – 12.10.1923) 1551: 1251:People's Liberation Army 1102:Japanese Consular Police 1098:Second Sino-Japanese War 946:Shanghai Volunteer Corps 699:Shanghai zudi zhangcheng 50:International Settlement 5742:Bund Sightseeing Tunnel 5005:Songjiang Square Pagoda 4645:Historical and Cultural 3902:Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park 3455:Shanghai: City for Sale 3438:159.1 (1998): 161–211. 2413:, Chinese mathematician 2288:(22.3.1932 – 27.3.1934) 2249:(12.10.1923 – 5.3.1929) 2223:(17.2.1920 – 17.3.1922) 2210:(24.1.1913 – 17.2.1920) 2197:(17.1.1911 – 24.1.1913) 2158:(25.1.1906 – 24.8.1906) 2119:(26.1.1901 – 25.1.1902) 2078:(3.8.1898 – 30.11.1898) 2028:(26.1.1897 – 21.4.1897) 1950:(22.1.1884 – 22.1.1886) 1948:James Johnstone Keswick 1898:(16.1.1879 – 30.1.1882) 1781:(25.4.1865 – 18.4.1866) 1716:(31.1.1859 – 15.2.1860) 1649:William Shepard Wetmore 1610:William Shepard Wetmore 1287:extraterritorial rights 1235:Wang Jingwei Government 978:suppletive troops from 731:Chinese Eastern Railway 462:Shànghǎi Gōnggòng Zūjiè 6215:Battle of Kuala Lumpur 6054:Attack on Pearl Harbor 5922:Science and Technology 5206:Grand Gateway Shanghai 5143:Bocom Financial Towers 4573:Science and Technology 4440:Shanghai Grand Theatre 4293:Xujiahui Shopping City 3052:Secret War in Shanghai 2942:Fraser, C. F. (1939). 2013:James Lidderdale Scott 1896:Robert "Bob" W. Little 1870:Alfred Adolphus Krauss 1768:(4.4.1863 – 25.4.1865) 1755:(31.3.1862 – 4.4.1863) 1742:(2.2.1861 – 31.3.1862) 1729:(15.2.1860 – 2.2.1861) 1585: 1535:Universal Postal Union 1498: 1398: 1281: 1223:Nationalist Government 1205:Return to Chinese rule 1172:attack on Pearl Harbor 1168:Imperial Japanese Army 1158: 1121: 1089: 1032: 992:Extra-settlement roads 986:Extra-settlement roads 964:Shanghai Defence Force 855: 843:'s position in China. 816: 797: 754: 722: 666: 399: 387: 234:• Disestablished 187: 6069:Battle of Wake Island 6064:Battle of Guam (1941) 5806:International Studies 5796:Finance and Economics 5563:Shanghai rail transit 5041:St Ignatius Cathedral 4655:Former Residence of: 4543:Aerospace Enthusiasts 4004:Shanghainese language 3568:21.3 (1927): 451–471. 3561:(Cambridge UP, 2004). 3464:Tales of Old Shanghai 3083:21.3 (1927): 451–471. 3054:(1999) at pp 140–150. 2754:Cassel (2012), p. 65. 2642:Maiden Voyage (novel) 2478:Further information: 2389:, Canadian politician 2353:(5.1.1942 – 1.8.1943) 2340:(1.5.1941 – 5.1.1942) 2208:Edward Charles Pearce 2039:Albert Robson Burkill 2015:(11.1893 – 26.1.1897) 1820:(2.4.1870 – 4.4.1871) 1583: 1496: 1392: 1275: 1217:and American–Chinese 1149: 1124:Further information: 1119: 1087: 1059:Treaty of Shimonoseki 1047:Eight-Nation Alliance 1028: 1003:January 28th Incident 849: 811: 795: 786:Yang-ching-pang Creek 753:Shanghai tram, 1920s. 752: 720: 650:the French Concession 642: 548:consular jurisdiction 393: 382: 201:"All Joined into One" 6322:Concessions in China 6246:Day of Infamy speech 6210:Battle of Kota Bharu 5847:Engineering Sciences 5191:White Magnolia Plaza 5123:Oriental Pearl Tower 5082:Mazu Cultural Palace 4739:Park of the Old City 4734:Gongqing Forest Park 4404:Jinjiang Action Park 4318:Jing An Kerry Centre 4009:Shanghainese cuisine 3629:at Wikimedia Commons 3583:Planning Perspective 3481:Haan, J. H. (1982). 3247:. 20 February 1936. 3175:. 24 December 1879. 3134:29 June 2017 at the 2862:The Shanghai Problem 2730:Grounds for Judgment 2648:Free City of Trieste 2620:When We Were Orphans 2338:John Hellyer Liddell 2301:(27.3.1934 – 4.1937) 2299:Harry Edward Arnhold 2260:Harry Edward Arnhold 2184:(5.1907 – 17.1.1911) 2171:(24.8.1906 – 5.1907) 2130:William George Bayne 2106:(8.1900 – 25.1.1901) 2104:Edbert Ansgar Hewett 2041:(12.5.1897 – 1.1898) 2026:Edward Albert Probst 2002:(1.1893 – 7.11.1893) 1885:(1.1877 – 16.1.1879) 1846:(1.1873 – 16.4.1874) 1844:Robert Inglis Fearon 1818:George Basil Dixwell 1794:(18.4.1866 – 3.1868) 1690:(31.1.1857 – 1.1858) 1688:George Watson Coutts 1677:(1.1856 – 31.1.1857) 1355:improve this article 1276:The building of the 1064:In 1915, during the 1049:during the infamous 6332:History of Shanghai 6059:Battle of Hong Kong 5328:Motorsport circuit 5051:St Nicholas' Church 5031:Holy Trinity Church 4794:Jinshan Binhai Park 4583:C. Y. Tung Maritime 4394:Haichang Ocean Park 4191:Zhouqiao Old Street 3989:Shanghainese people 3609:54.1 (1995): 19–42. 3597:Shanghai sojourners 3516:Haan, J.H. (1984). 3295:Brantford Expositor 3152:. 6 February 1968. 2678:, the Netherlands, 2674:, Denmark, France, 2653:Free City of Danzig 2327:(4.1940 – 1.5.1941) 2221:Alfred Brooke-Smith 1833:(4.4.1871 – 1.1873) 1807:(3.1868 – 2.4.1870) 966:(SDF or SHAF), and 866:that came with the 831:, in which Chinese 733:and acquisition of 706:Charles de Montigny 655:American Concession 609:the Japanese attack 550:under the terms of 544:extraterritoriality 499:Zånhae Konkun Tsyga 224:• Established 188:Omnia Juncta in Uno 111:Shanghainese people 6109:Invasion of Borneo 6089:Bombing of Rangoon 5383:Shanghai Race Club 5046:St Joseph's Church 4973:Chenxiang Pavilion 4963:Yuanming Jiangtang 4936:Jade Buddha Temple 4553:Revolution History 4223:North Sichuan Road 3585:5.1 (1990): 39–62. 3466:. Earnshaw Books. 3436:Past & Present 3398:Yad Vashem Studies 3224:. 5 October 1938. 3108:. F+W Media, Inc. 3067:28 (2000): 51–86. 3065:Yad Vashem Studies 2997:Lorraine Glennon. 2275:(1930 – 22.3.1932) 2247:Stirling Fessenden 2145:(1904 – 25.1.1906) 2143:Frederick Anderson 2132:(25.1.1902 – 1904) 2091:Frederick Anderson 2061:(1.1898 – 8.1899) 1987:John Graeme Purdon 1963:(22.1.1886 – 1889) 1937:(1883 – 22.1.1884) 1911:(30.1.1882 – 1882) 1859:(16.4.1874 – 1876) 1857:John Graeme Purdon 1766:Henry William Dent 1675:James Lawrence Man 1625:(11.7.1854 – 1855) 1623:James Lawrence Man 1586: 1499: 1485:for distribution. 1399: 1282: 1159: 1126:Battle of Shanghai 1122: 1090: 1033: 1007:Battle of Shanghai 860:Stirling Fessenden 856: 852:Stirling Fessenden 817: 798: 755: 723: 667: 645:British Concession 400: 388: 6294: 6293: 6008: 6007: 5986: 5985: 5816:Shanghai Jiaotong 5760: 5759: 5595:Buses in Shanghai 5524:Shanghai Hongqiao 5453: 5452: 5393: 5392: 5371:Sheshan Golf Club 5214: 5213: 5100: 5099: 5056:St Peter's Church 4988:Xilin Chan Temple 4913: 4912: 4859:Shanghai Jinjiang 4789:Shanghai Greenway 4046:French Concession 4017: 4016: 3910: 3909: 3625:Media related to 3550:Hao, Yen-p'ing. 3425:Bickers, Robert, 3418:978-0-8047-4905-3 3201:. 14 April 1938. 3037:Independent.co.uk 3019:The Lonely Battle 3017:Wetten, Desmond. 2872:978-0-8047-1066-4 2813:978-0-313-32383-6 2786:978-1-5275-2356-2 2634:Empire of the Sun 2486:French Concession 2467:Addie Viola Smith 2452:J. Howard Crocker 2405:Edmond H. Fischer 2383:, British actress 2374:Empire of the Sun 2314:(4.1937 – 4.1940) 2262:(5.3.1929 – 1930) 2093:(8.1899 – 1.1900) 1989:(5.1891 – 1.1893) 1935:Alexander Myburgh 1922:Walter Cyril Ward 1805:Edward Cunningham 1703:(1.1858 – 1.1859) 1597:Edward Cunningham 1387: 1386: 1379: 1255:mayor of Shanghai 1243:Chinese Civil War 1227:Republic of China 1094:Shanghai Incident 1068:, Japan overtook 1030:Hongkew Japantown 972:Troupes de marine 829:May 30th Movement 745:Municipal Council 727:Shanghai Russians 711:Treaty of Wanghia 671:Treaty of Nanking 663:French Concession 594:French concession 567:Treaty of Nanking 513: 512: 505: 504: 449:Standard Mandarin 396:French Concession 377: 376: 326: 325: 322: 321: 302: 301: 202: 16:(Redirected from 6364: 6281:HMS Peterel sunk 6276:USS Wake capture 6256:Malayan campaign 6205:Battle of Kampar 6127: 6121: 6035: 6028: 6021: 6012: 6011: 5998: 5997: 5771: 5770: 5747:Dapu Road Tunnel 5540:Port of Shanghai 5464: 5463: 5404: 5403: 5225: 5224: 5158:Bank of Shanghai 5111: 5110: 5092:Songjiang Mosque 5036:Sheshan Basilica 4926: 4925: 4879:InterContinental 4836:Botanical Garden 4679:Soong Ching-ling 4496:Contemporary Art 4358:Super Brand Mall 4278:1933 Old Millfun 4233:M50 Art district 4028: 4027: 3926: 3925: 3787: 3719: 3718: 3657: 3650: 3643: 3634: 3633: 3624: 3547: 3545: 3543: 3522: 3512: 3510: 3508: 3487: 3477: 3458: 3422: 3383: 3382: 3380: 3378: 3352: 3346: 3345: 3333: 3327: 3326: 3306: 3300: 3299: 3286: 3280: 3279: 3263: 3257: 3256: 3240: 3234: 3233: 3217: 3211: 3210: 3194: 3185: 3184: 3168: 3162: 3161: 3145: 3139: 3126: 3120: 3119: 3099: 3093: 3090: 3084: 3077: 3071: 3061: 3055: 3050:Wasserstein, B. 3048: 3042: 3041: 3028: 3022: 3015: 3009: 3001:. October 1995. 2995: 2989: 2988: 2977: 2971: 2970: 2968: 2966: 2939: 2933: 2926: 2920: 2919: 2917: 2915: 2906:. Archived from 2896: 2890: 2883: 2877: 2876: 2856: 2850: 2849: 2843: 2841: 2831: 2824: 2818: 2817: 2797: 2791: 2790: 2770: 2764: 2761: 2755: 2752: 2746: 2739: 2733: 2726: 2720: 2713: 2691: 2669: 2608:Tilanqiao Prison 2537: 2532: 2531: 2530: 2523: 2518: 2517: 2509: 2504: 2503: 2502: 2381:Mary Hayley Bell 2349: 2348: 2347: 2336: 2335: 2334: 2323: 2322: 2321: 2312:Cornell Franklin 2310: 2309: 2308: 2297: 2296: 2295: 2284: 2283: 2282: 2271: 2270: 2269: 2258: 2257: 2256: 2245: 2244: 2243: 2232: 2231: 2230: 2219: 2218: 2217: 2206: 2205: 2204: 2193: 2192: 2191: 2180: 2179: 2178: 2167: 2166: 2165: 2154: 2153: 2152: 2141: 2140: 2139: 2128: 2127: 2126: 2115: 2114: 2113: 2102: 2101: 2100: 2089: 2088: 2087: 2070: 2069: 2068: 2057: 2056: 2055: 2050: 2049: 2048: 2037: 2036: 2035: 2024: 2023: 2022: 2011: 2010: 2009: 1998: 1997: 1996: 1985: 1984: 1983: 1972: 1971: 1970: 1959: 1958: 1957: 1946: 1945: 1944: 1933: 1932: 1931: 1920: 1919: 1918: 1907: 1906: 1905: 1894: 1893: 1892: 1881: 1880: 1879: 1868: 1867: 1866: 1855: 1854: 1853: 1842: 1841: 1840: 1829: 1828: 1827: 1816: 1815: 1814: 1803: 1802: 1801: 1790: 1789: 1788: 1777: 1776: 1775: 1764: 1763: 1762: 1751: 1750: 1749: 1738: 1737: 1736: 1727:Rowland Hamilton 1725: 1724: 1723: 1712: 1711: 1710: 1699: 1698: 1697: 1686: 1685: 1684: 1673: 1672: 1671: 1660: 1659: 1658: 1647: 1646: 1645: 1634: 1633: 1632: 1621: 1620: 1619: 1608: 1607: 1606: 1595: 1594: 1593: 1505:as early as the 1382: 1375: 1371: 1368: 1362: 1339: 1331: 1183:Vichy government 1156: 1153: 1061:signed in 1895. 1019:Land Regulations 980:French Indochina 953: 952: 942:military reserve 877: 850:A caricature of 760: 675:unequal treaties 665:in faded yellow. 552:unequal treaties 526: 501: 500: 478: 477: 464: 463: 440: 439: 423: 422: 402: 401: 363:Hongkou district 358:Jing'an district 353:Huangpu district 341: 339: 338: 318: 317: 306: 305: 293: 292: 279: 278: 272: 271: 256: 255: 200: 198: 190: 183: 95: 80: 68: 43: 42: 41: 32: 31: 21: 6372: 6371: 6367: 6366: 6365: 6363: 6362: 6361: 6297: 6296: 6295: 6290: 6229: 6200:Battle of Jitra 6195:Battle of Gurun 6181: 6128: 6122: 6113: 6042: 6039: 6009: 6004: 5982: 5963:Europe Business 5951: 5825: 5756: 5725: 5609: 5583:Zhangjiang Tram 5551: 5528: 5506: 5500: 5449: 5428: 5424:Jiading Huilong 5399: 5389: 5305: 5286:Shanghai Indoor 5264: 5220: 5210: 5201:Tomorrow Square 5162: 5096: 5072:City God Temple 5060: 5019: 4993:Yuanying Pagoda 4920: 4909: 4883: 4842: 4712: 4598:Madame Tussauds 4563:Natural History 4558:Jewish Refugees 4474: 4450:Yue Opera House 4418: 4362: 4308:HKRI Taikoo Hui 4266: 4156: 4088:Holland Village 4056:People's Square 4023: 4013: 3999:Shanghailanders 3977: 3949: 3919: 3906: 3863: 3859:Shanghai County 3854:Chuansha County 3817: 3783: 3713: 3706: 3666: 3661: 3617: 3612: 3541: 3539: 3520: 3506: 3504: 3485: 3474: 3419: 3392: 3387: 3386: 3376: 3374: 3353: 3349: 3334: 3330: 3307: 3303: 3288: 3287: 3283: 3270:. 23 May 1900. 3265: 3264: 3260: 3245:The China Press 3242: 3241: 3237: 3219: 3218: 3214: 3196: 3195: 3188: 3170: 3169: 3165: 3147: 3146: 3142: 3136:Wayback Machine 3127: 3123: 3116: 3100: 3096: 3091: 3087: 3078: 3074: 3062: 3058: 3049: 3045: 3040:. 9 March 2014. 3030: 3029: 3025: 3016: 3012: 2996: 2992: 2985:news.google.com 2979: 2978: 2974: 2964: 2962: 2940: 2936: 2927: 2923: 2913: 2911: 2910:on 24 July 2011 2898: 2897: 2893: 2884: 2880: 2873: 2857: 2853: 2839: 2837: 2836:. 26 March 1936 2826: 2825: 2821: 2814: 2798: 2794: 2787: 2771: 2767: 2762: 2758: 2753: 2749: 2740: 2736: 2727: 2723: 2714: 2710: 2705: 2700: 2695: 2694: 2688:flag of Prussia 2672:Austria-Hungary 2670: 2666: 2661: 2533: 2528: 2526: 2521:Politics portal 2519: 2512: 2505: 2500: 2498: 2495: 2482: 2476: 2448: 2399:Eunice Crowther 2365: 2360: 2345: 2343: 2332: 2330: 2319: 2317: 2306: 2304: 2293: 2291: 2280: 2278: 2267: 2265: 2254: 2252: 2241: 2239: 2228: 2226: 2215: 2213: 2202: 2200: 2189: 2187: 2176: 2174: 2163: 2161: 2150: 2148: 2137: 2135: 2124: 2122: 2111: 2109: 2098: 2096: 2085: 2083: 2066: 2064: 2059:James S. Fearon 2053: 2051: 2046: 2044: 2033: 2031: 2020: 2018: 2007: 2005: 1994: 1992: 1981: 1979: 1976:(1889 – 5.1891) 1968: 1966: 1955: 1953: 1942: 1940: 1929: 1927: 1916: 1914: 1903: 1901: 1890: 1888: 1877: 1875: 1872:(1876 – 1.1877) 1864: 1862: 1851: 1849: 1838: 1836: 1825: 1823: 1812: 1810: 1799: 1797: 1786: 1784: 1779:William Keswick 1773: 1771: 1760: 1758: 1747: 1745: 1734: 1732: 1721: 1719: 1708: 1706: 1695: 1693: 1682: 1680: 1669: 1667: 1662:William Thorbun 1656: 1654: 1651:(3.1855 – 1855) 1643: 1641: 1630: 1628: 1617: 1615: 1604: 1602: 1591: 1589: 1578: 1566:Viscount Konoye 1554: 1539:diplomatic bags 1520:Scott catalogue 1491: 1489:Postal services 1448:silver standard 1410:Manila galleons 1406:pieces of eight 1383: 1372: 1366: 1363: 1352: 1340: 1329: 1291:consular courts 1270: 1231:Chiang Kai-shek 1207: 1199:Shanghai Ghetto 1164: 1154: 1141: 1133:William Keswick 1128: 1114: 1066:First World War 1038: 1015: 994: 988: 920:Newfoundlanders 875: 769:, formally the 758: 747: 637: 632: 563:First Opium War 493: 428:Literal meaning 368:Yangpu district 336: 334: 315: 290: 276: 235: 225: 199: 192: 178: 159: 149: 127: 96: 86: 85: 84: 81: 73: 72: 69: 44: 37: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 6370: 6360: 6359: 6354: 6349: 6344: 6339: 6334: 6329: 6324: 6319: 6314: 6309: 6292: 6291: 6289: 6288: 6283: 6278: 6273: 6268: 6263: 6258: 6253: 6248: 6243: 6237: 6235: 6231: 6230: 6228: 6227: 6222: 6217: 6212: 6207: 6202: 6197: 6191: 6189: 6183: 6182: 6180: 6179: 6174: 6169: 6164: 6159: 6154: 6149: 6144: 6138: 6136: 6130: 6129: 6116: 6114: 6112: 6111: 6106: 6096: 6086: 6081: 6076: 6071: 6066: 6061: 6056: 6050: 6048: 6044: 6043: 6038: 6037: 6030: 6023: 6015: 6006: 6005: 6003: 6002: 5991: 5988: 5987: 5984: 5983: 5981: 5980: 5975: 5970: 5965: 5959: 5957: 5953: 5952: 5950: 5949: 5944: 5939: 5934: 5929: 5924: 5919: 5914: 5909: 5904: 5899: 5894: 5889: 5884: 5879: 5874: 5869: 5864: 5859: 5854: 5849: 5844: 5842:Electric Power 5839: 5833: 5831: 5827: 5826: 5824: 5823: 5818: 5813: 5808: 5803: 5798: 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Cassel, 2721: 2707: 2706: 2704: 2701: 2699: 2696: 2693: 2692: 2663: 2662: 2660: 2657: 2656: 2655: 2650: 2645: 2638: 2630: 2627:The Blue Lotus 2623: 2616: 2611: 2605: 2600: 2595: 2590: 2585: 2580: 2575: 2570: 2565: 2560: 2555: 2550: 2545: 2539: 2538: 2535:History portal 2524: 2510: 2494: 2491: 2475: 2472: 2471: 2470: 2464: 2461:Eleanor Hinder 2458: 2447: 2444: 2443: 2442: 2436: 2430: 2427:Harpers Bazaar 2420: 2417:Thierry Jordan 2414: 2408: 2402: 2396: 2390: 2384: 2378: 2364: 2361: 2359: 2358:Notable people 2356: 2355: 2354: 2351:Katsuo Okazaki 2341: 2328: 2315: 2302: 2289: 2276: 2263: 2250: 2237: 2224: 2211: 2198: 2185: 2172: 2159: 2156:Cecil Holliday 2146: 2133: 2120: 2107: 2094: 2081: 2080: 2079: 2042: 2029: 2016: 2003: 2000:John Macgregor 1990: 1977: 1974:John Macgregor 1964: 1951: 1938: 1925: 1912: 1899: 1886: 1873: 1860: 1847: 1834: 1821: 1808: 1795: 1782: 1769: 1756: 1743: 1740:William Howard 1730: 1717: 1704: 1691: 1678: 1665: 1652: 1639: 1626: 1613: 1600: 1577: 1574: 1553: 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5028: 5026: 5022: 5016: 5013: 5011: 5008: 5006: 5003: 5001: 4998: 4994: 4991: 4990: 4989: 4986: 4984: 4981: 4979: 4978:Hongfu Temple 4976: 4974: 4971: 4969: 4966: 4964: 4961: 4959: 4958:Zhenru Temple 4956: 4952: 4949: 4948: 4947: 4944: 4942: 4939: 4937: 4934: 4933: 4931: 4927: 4924: 4922: 4916: 4906: 4903: 4901: 4898: 4896: 4893: 4892: 4890: 4886: 4880: 4877: 4875: 4872: 4870: 4867: 4865: 4862: 4860: 4857: 4855: 4852: 4851: 4849: 4845: 4837: 4834: 4832: 4829: 4825: 4824:Qiuxia Garden 4822: 4820: 4817: 4815: 4812: 4810: 4807: 4806: 4804: 4803: 4801: 4800: 4795: 4792: 4790: 4787: 4785: 4782: 4780: 4777: 4775: 4772: 4770: 4769:People's Park 4767: 4765: 4762: 4760: 4757: 4755: 4752: 4750: 4747: 4745: 4742: 4740: 4737: 4735: 4732: 4730: 4727: 4726: 4724: 4723: 4721: 4719: 4715: 4707: 4704: 4700: 4697: 4695: 4692: 4691: 4689: 4685: 4682: 4680: 4677: 4675: 4674:Zhang Wentian 4672: 4670: 4667: 4665: 4662: 4660: 4657: 4656: 4654: 4652: 4649: 4648: 4646: 4642: 4641: 4636: 4633: 4631: 4628: 4626: 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4255:Hengshan Road 4253: 4251: 4248: 4246: 4243: 4242: 4241:Thoroughfare 4240: 4239: 4234: 4231: 4229: 4226: 4224: 4221: 4219: 4216: 4214: 4211: 4209: 4206: 4204: 4201: 4200: 4198: 4197: 4192: 4189: 4187: 4184: 4182: 4179: 4177: 4174: 4172: 4169: 4168: 4166: 4165: 4163: 4159: 4151: 4148: 4146: 4145:Jinshan Beach 4143: 4142: 4140: 4136: 4133: 4131: 4130:Dianshan Lake 4128: 4126: 4123: 4121: 4118: 4117: 4115: 4114: 4109: 4106: 4104: 4101: 4099: 4096: 4094: 4091: 4089: 4086: 4084: 4081: 4080: 4078: 4077: 4072: 4069: 4067: 4064: 4062: 4059: 4057: 4054: 4052: 4049: 4047: 4044: 4042: 4039: 4038: 4036: 4035: 4033: 4029: 4026: 4020: 4010: 4007: 4005: 4002: 4000: 3997: 3995: 3992: 3990: 3987: 3986: 3984: 3980: 3974: 3971: 3969: 3966: 3964: 3963: 3959: 3958: 3956: 3952: 3946: 3945: 3941: 3939: 3938: 3934: 3933: 3931: 3927: 3924: 3922: 3917: 3913: 3903: 3900: 3898: 3895: 3893: 3890: 3888: 3885: 3883: 3880: 3878: 3875: 3874: 3872: 3870: 3866: 3860: 3857: 3855: 3852: 3850: 3847: 3845: 3842: 3840: 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3204: 3200: 3193: 3191: 3182: 3178: 3174: 3167: 3159: 3155: 3151: 3144: 3137: 3133: 3130: 3125: 3117: 3115:9780896895003 3111: 3107: 3106: 3098: 3089: 3082: 3076: 3070: 3066: 3060: 3053: 3047: 3039: 3038: 3033: 3027: 3020: 3014: 3008: 3007:9781878685582 3004: 3000: 2994: 2986: 2982: 2976: 2961: 2957: 2953: 2949: 2945: 2938: 2931: 2925: 2909: 2905: 2901: 2895: 2888: 2882: 2874: 2868: 2864: 2863: 2855: 2847: 2835: 2830: 2823: 2815: 2809: 2805: 2804: 2796: 2788: 2782: 2778: 2777: 2769: 2760: 2751: 2744: 2738: 2731: 2725: 2718: 2712: 2708: 2689: 2685: 2681: 2680:Norway-Sweden 2677: 2673: 2668: 2664: 2654: 2651: 2649: 2646: 2644: 2643: 2639: 2637: 2635: 2631: 2629: 2628: 2624: 2622: 2621: 2617: 2615: 2612: 2609: 2606: 2604: 2601: 2599: 2598:Shanghai Club 2596: 2594: 2593:Richard Sorge 2591: 2589: 2586: 2584: 2583:Klaus Mehnert 2581: 2579: 2576: 2574: 2573:China Marines 2571: 2569: 2566: 2564: 2561: 2559: 2556: 2554: 2551: 2549: 2546: 2544: 2541: 2540: 2536: 2525: 2522: 2516: 2511: 2508: 2497: 2490: 2487: 2481: 2468: 2465: 2462: 2459: 2457: 2453: 2450: 2449: 2440: 2437: 2434: 2431: 2428: 2424: 2423:China Machado 2421: 2418: 2415: 2412: 2409: 2406: 2403: 2400: 2397: 2394: 2391: 2388: 2385: 2382: 2379: 2376: 2375: 2370: 2369:J. G. Ballard 2367: 2366: 2352: 2342: 2339: 2329: 2326: 2316: 2313: 2303: 2300: 2290: 2287: 2277: 2274: 2264: 2261: 2251: 2248: 2238: 2235: 2225: 2222: 2212: 2209: 2199: 2196: 2195:Harry De Gray 2186: 2183: 2182:David Landale 2173: 2170: 2169:Henry Keswick 2160: 2157: 2147: 2144: 2134: 2131: 2121: 2118: 2117:John Prentice 2108: 2105: 2095: 2092: 2082: 2077: 2073: 2063: 2062: 2060: 2043: 2040: 2030: 2027: 2017: 2014: 2004: 2001: 1991: 1988: 1978: 1975: 1965: 1962: 1952: 1949: 1939: 1936: 1926: 1923: 1913: 1910: 1900: 1897: 1887: 1884: 1874: 1871: 1861: 1858: 1848: 1845: 1835: 1832: 1822: 1819: 1809: 1806: 1796: 1793: 1783: 1780: 1770: 1767: 1757: 1754: 1744: 1741: 1731: 1728: 1718: 1715: 1705: 1702: 1692: 1689: 1679: 1676: 1666: 1663: 1653: 1650: 1640: 1637: 1627: 1624: 1614: 1611: 1601: 1598: 1588: 1587: 1582: 1573: 1569: 1567: 1561: 1559: 1549: 1547: 1542: 1540: 1536: 1530: 1528: 1523: 1521: 1517: 1512: 1508: 1504: 1495: 1486: 1484: 1479: 1475: 1470: 1468: 1464: 1460: 1455: 1453: 1452:gold standard 1449: 1445: 1441: 1437: 1435: 1431: 1427: 1421: 1419: 1415: 1411: 1407: 1404: 1396: 1391: 1381: 1378: 1370: 1367:December 2016 1360: 1356: 1350: 1349: 1344:This section 1342: 1338: 1333: 1332: 1324: 1322: 1318: 1314: 1309: 1307: 1303: 1298: 1294: 1292: 1288: 1279: 1274: 1265: 1263: 1258: 1256: 1252: 1248: 1244: 1238: 1236: 1232: 1228: 1224: 1220: 1216: 1212: 1202: 1200: 1194: 1192: 1186: 1184: 1180: 1179: 1173: 1169: 1148: 1144: 1136: 1134: 1127: 1118: 1109: 1107: 1103: 1099: 1095: 1086: 1082: 1080: 1076: 1071: 1067: 1062: 1060: 1056: 1052: 1048: 1043: 1031: 1027: 1023: 1020: 1010: 1008: 1005:and the 1937 1004: 1000: 993: 983: 981: 977: 973: 969: 965: 961: 957: 947: 943: 939: 934: 932: 927: 925: 921: 917: 913: 909: 905: 901: 897: 893: 889: 886:, Americans, 885: 880: 871: 869: 865: 861: 853: 848: 844: 842: 838: 834: 833:demonstrators 830: 826: 821: 814: 810: 806: 804: 794: 790: 787: 783: 779: 778:Huangpu River 774: 772: 768: 764: 751: 742: 740: 736: 732: 728: 719: 715: 712: 707: 702: 700: 696: 692: 688: 687:Canton system 684: 680: 676: 672: 664: 660: 656: 652: 651: 646: 641: 627: 625: 620: 618: 614: 610: 605: 603: 598: 595: 591: 586: 584: 580: 579:Canton System 576: 572: 568: 564: 560: 555: 553: 549: 545: 541: 537: 534: 530: 522: 518: 508: 496: 492: 488: 485: 481: 473: 471: 467: 459: 457: 453: 450: 446: 441: 437: 433: 430: 426: 418: 416: 412: 408: 403: 397: 392: 385: 381: 369: 366: 364: 361: 359: 356: 354: 351: 350: 349: 346: 345: 344: 333: 331:Today part of 329: 313: 311: 308: 307: 304: 298: 295: 288: 287: 284: 281: 274: 273: 270: 269: 266: 263: 261: 258: 257: 253: 249: 245: 241: 237: 231: 227: 221: 217: 213: 209: 205: 196: 189: 185: 182: 179: • 176: 173: 169: 165: 161: 155: 151: 145: 141: 137: 133: 129: 123: 119: 115: 112: 109: 106: 104: 100: 94: 89: 79: 67: 59: 54: 51: 47: 33: 30: 19: 5766:Universities 5578:Maglev Train 5153:One Lujiazui 5148:Shanghai IFC 5015:Fahua Pagoda 5000:Huzhu Pagoda 4759:Jing'an Park 4749:Huangpu Park 4729:Century Park 4684:Moller Villa 4506:Rockbund Art 4435:Concert Hall 4430:Oriental Art 4399:Happy Valley 4374:Circus World 4343:Raffles City 4208:Huaihai Road 4203:Nanjing Road 4186:Dongmen Road 4093:Scandinavian 4050: 3973:LGBT culture 3960: 3942: 3935: 3921:demographics 3606: 3596: 3589: 3582: 3572: 3565: 3558: 3551: 3540:. 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Johnson 1753:Henry Turner 1570: 1562: 1555: 1543: 1531: 1524: 1507:Ming dynasty 1500: 1471: 1456: 1438: 1422: 1400: 1395:Huangpu Park 1373: 1364: 1353:Please help 1348:verification 1345: 1310: 1299: 1295: 1283: 1268:Legal system 1259: 1239: 1210: 1208: 1195: 1187: 1177: 1165: 1142: 1129: 1091: 1079:Little Tokyo 1078: 1063: 1042:treaty ports 1039: 1018: 1016: 995: 960:British Army 935: 928: 881: 872: 864:White Terror 857: 822: 818: 802: 799: 782:Suzhou Creek 775: 770: 766: 762: 756: 724: 703: 698: 682: 679:Qing emperor 668: 662: 659:Chinese part 658: 654: 649: 644: 621: 613:Pearl Harbor 606: 599: 587: 577:) under the 571:treaty ports 556: 516: 514: 494:Romanization 491:Shanghainese 456:Hanyu Pinyin 384:Nanking Road 265:Succeeded by 264: 259: 158:• 1925 148:• 1910 29: 6352:City-states 6134:Philippines 5786:East Normal 5737:Bund Tunnel 5439:Basketball 5366:BMW Masters 5106:Skyscrapers 4888:Expo center 4869:Grand Hyatt 4831:Guilin Park 4809:Guyi Garden 4764:Lu Xun Park 4754:Fuxing Park 4718:Urban parks 4659:Sun Yat-Sen 4643:Protected 4568:Planetarium 4389:Great World 4384:Film Studio 4333:Ciros Plaza 4245:Yan'an Road 4181:Duolun Road 4176:Wukang Road 4116:Water Town 4103:German Town 4098:Venice Town 4083:Thames Town 4024:attractions 3542:8 September 3531:: 207–229. 3507:8 September 2965:8 September 2840:18 November 2433:Qian Xuesen 1924:(1882–1883) 1714:Robert Reid 1701:John Thorne 1664:(1855–1856) 1516:overprinted 1430:copper cash 1414:Mexico City 1302:Mixed Court 1280:in Shanghai 1155: 1940 999:World War I 739:Port Arthur 569:, the five 260:Preceded by 126:• 1925 6301:Categories 5947:Visual Art 5942:Technology 5867:Leadership 5704:Stone arch 4802:Admission 4699:Xu Guangqi 4669:Zhou Enlai 4616:Transport 4603:Open House 4516:Poster Art 4283:Tianzifang 4260:Henan Road 4228:Tianzifang 4150:Bund Beach 4120:Zhujiajiao 3276:1369467847 3253:1416718873 3230:1371435956 3207:1371344324 3181:1324910318 3158:1321172660 2698:References 2411:Hu Hesheng 2387:Pat Carney 2234:H.G. Simms 1909:H.R. Hearn 1467:candareens 1319:, and the 1247:Kuomintang 904:Portuguese 470:Wade–Giles 171:Government 135:Population 5852:Fisheries 5830:Municipal 5709:Fangsheng 5459:Transport 5296:Int'l Gym 5024:Christian 4919:Places of 4819:Zuibaichi 4814:Yu Garden 4744:Expo Park 4367:Amusement 4313:IAPM Mall 4213:Xintiandi 4199:Shopping 4167:Historic 4037:Historic 3929:Architect 3813:Chongming 3798:Songjiang 3739:Changning 3714:divisions 3685:Geography 3496:: 31–64. 2703:Citations 2286:A.D. Bell 1961:A.G. Wood 1831:John Dent 1478:Weihaiwei 1444:US dollar 1221:with the 916:Canadians 647:in blue, 583:Hong Kong 575:Guangzhou 238:1941/1943 162:1,137,298 6000:Category 5973:New York 5917:Shanghai 5877:Maritime 5774:National 5685:Waibaidu 5626:Chonghai 5545:Yangshan 5514:Shanghai 5494:Jiangwan 5474:Hongqiao 5467:Airports 5407:Football 5350:Cycling 5301:Oriental 5276:Jiangwan 5255:Yuanshen 5235:Shanghai 5228:Football 5186:Plaza 66 5077:Wen Miao 4929:Buddhist 4905:National 4895:Shanghai 4864:Broadway 4690:Tomb of 4538:Shanghai 4455:Tianchan 4423:Cultural 4348:IFC Mall 4338:Plaza 66 4218:Xujiahui 4171:The Bund 4135:Fengjing 4061:Xujiahui 4041:Old City 3944:Longtang 3937:Shikumen 3808:Fengxian 3702:Politics 3695:Timeline 3664:Shanghai 3537:23902774 3502:23889659 3377:14 April 3371:Archived 3323:61578234 3272:ProQuest 3249:ProQuest 3226:ProQuest 3203:ProQuest 3177:ProQuest 3154:ProQuest 3132:Archived 2914:18 March 2568:The Bund 2493:See also 1327:Currency 1306:assessor 1262:the Bund 976:Annamite 908:Italians 813:The Bund 540:Shanghai 536:enclaves 533:American 432:Shanghai 348:Shanghai 6234:Related 5956:Private 5937:Theatre 5857:Finance 5781:Donghua 5730:Tunnels 5648:Donghai 5636:Yangtze 5631:Chongqi 5614:Bridges 5507:station 5505:Railway 5489:Longhua 5485:Closed 5414:Shenhua 5320:Qizhong 5316:Tennis 5250:Jinshan 5240:Hongkou 4921:worship 4725:Public 4620:Railway 4534:Museum 4480:Museums 4470:Library 4161:Streets 4022:Tourist 3954:Culture 3916:Culture 3822:Defunct 3793:Jinshan 3774:Jiading 3769:Baoshan 3764:Minhang 3754:Hongkou 3744:Jing'an 3729:Huangpu 3722:Current 3690:History 3680:Economy 3675:Culture 3601:excerpt 3390:Sources 2636:(novel) 1883:J. Hart 1527:dollars 1483:Nanking 1403:Spanish 1225:of the 1211:de jure 1178:Peterel 1075:Hongkew 1070:Britain 944:in the 931:Italian 912:Germans 900:Spanish 884:British 815:, 1928. 803:de jure 630:History 561:in the 559:British 529:British 521:Chinese 415:Chinese 211:History 152:501,561 103:Demonym 6187:Malaya 6047:Topics 5968:German 5912:Dianji 5887:Normal 5821:Tongji 5719:Wan'an 5695:Yangpu 5680:Songpu 5660:Fengpu 5479:Pudong 5443:Sharks 5398:Sports 5342:Tianma 5337:Street 5269:Indoor 5260:Zhabei 5245:Pudong 5221:venues 5219:Sports 5115:Pudong 4847:Hotels 4694:Lu Xun 4664:Lu Xun 4630:Maglev 4588:Postal 4141:Beach 4108:Canada 3962:Haipai 3877:Pudong 3849:Zhabei 3844:Nanhui 3839:Wusong 3829:Nanshi 3803:Qingpu 3779:Pudong 3759:Yangpu 3577:online 3535: 3500: 3470: 3440:online 3415: 3402:online 3321: 3274: 3251: 3228: 3205: 3179: 3156: 3112: 3069:online 3005: 2960:754551 2958: 2869: 2810: 2783: 2076:acting 1638:(1855) 1474:silver 1465:and 2 1229:under 1055:Peking 922:, and 896:French 876: 825:police 759: 735:Harbin 695:Daotai 525:上海公共租界 523:: 421:上海公共租界 340: 214: 191: 138: 120: 40:上海公共租界 6093:Burma 5978:Sanda 5927:Sport 5892:Ocean 5882:Music 5872:Lixin 5801:Fudan 5675:Nanpu 5670:Minpu 5556:Modes 5533:Ports 5433:Other 5400:teams 5362:Golf 5310:Other 5281:Luwan 5065:Other 4854:Peace 4647:Site 4625:Metro 4125:Jinze 4066:Qibao 4031:Areas 3982:Other 3968:Opera 3834:Luwan 3749:Putuo 3734:Xuhui 3533:JSTOR 3521:(PDF) 3498:JSTOR 3486:(PDF) 2956:JSTOR 2676:Italy 2659:Notes 1552:Music 892:Dutch 888:Danes 757:On 11 602:Japan 590:Macau 343:China 195:Latin 181:Motto 5932:Tech 5902:Poly 5897:Open 5714:Puji 5690:Xupu 5665:Lupu 5419:Port 5168:Puxi 4874:Park 4635:Auto 4548:Film 4511:Long 4487:Art 4271:Mall 3544:2018 3509:2018 3468:ISBN 3413:ISBN 3379:2024 3319:OCLC 3110:ISBN 3003:ISBN 2967:2018 2916:2010 2867:ISBN 2842:2014 2808:ISBN 2781:ISBN 2484:The 1463:mace 1459:yuan 1426:tael 1176:HMS 974:and 951:萬國商團 910:and 737:and 669:The 546:and 531:and 515:The 228:1863 117:Area 5176:K11 4900:New 4521:Yuz 4491:Art 4414:Zoo 4323:K11 3918:and 3869:SEZ 1440:Yen 1357:by 1053:in 767:SMC 611:on 538:in 6303:: 4526:OV 3529:24 3527:. 3523:. 3494:22 3492:. 3488:. 3369:. 3359:. 3340:. 3292:. 3189:^ 3034:. 2983:. 2952:21 2950:. 2946:. 2902:. 2832:. 2074:, 1420:. 1257:. 1237:. 1152:c. 1108:. 933:. 918:, 906:, 902:, 898:, 894:, 890:, 870:. 741:. 626:. 484:Wu 6105:) 6101:( 6095:) 6091:( 6034:e 6027:t 6020:v 3656:e 3649:t 3642:v 3546:. 3511:. 3476:. 3442:. 3421:. 3381:. 3325:. 3278:. 3255:. 3232:. 3209:. 3183:. 3160:. 2987:. 2969:. 2918:. 2875:. 2848:. 2816:. 2789:. 1380:) 1374:( 1369:) 1365:( 1351:. 1157:) 1081:. 948:( 765:( 519:( 197:) 193:( 20:)

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