2536:
1454:
3842:
3852:
3831:
2282:
3862:
2274:
64:
1357:
The shastras are not consistent or single-consensus documents. Dharma-sastras, for example, contain opposing views and contradictory theories. This is in part because they represent an ideal of human behaviour, while at the same time recognising the need to account for likely failings. The shastras
1322:(1991). (...) The belief in the authenticity of Kulluka's text was openly articulated by Burnell (1884, xxix): "There is then no doubt that the textus receptus, viz., that of Kulluka Bhatta, as adopted in India and by European scholars, is very near on the whole to the original text."
1289:
Shastras are predominantly post-Vedic literature, that is after about 500 BCE. However, it is unclear when various
Shastras were composed and completed. The authenticity of the manuscripts is also unclear, as many versions of the same text exist, some with major differences.
1043:. For example, Yutang Lin says that a text written by him and not given by Buddha, cannot be called a "Sutra"; it is called a "Sastra". In Buddhism, Buddhists are allowed to offer their theses as long as they are consistent with the Sutras, and those are called "Sastras."
1528:. There are many Dharmashastras, variously estimated to be 18 to about 100, with different and conflicting points of view. Each of these texts exist in many different versions, and each is rooted in Dharmasutra texts dated to 1st millennium BCE that emerged from
1349:
The shastras are both descriptive and prescriptive. Among the various
Shastras, Manu's code of law has been among the most studied as the colonial British government attempted to establish different laws in British India based on
1342:, and Shastras of various fields of knowledge from the early 1st millennium period is of great interest as it helped the emergence of diverse schools and the spread of Indian religions such as Hinduism and Buddhism in and outside
974:
referred to any treatise, book or instrument of teaching, any manual or compendium on any subject in any field of knowledge, including religious. It is often a suffix, added to the subject of the treatise, such as
1324:
This is far from the truth. Indeed, one of the great surprises of my editorial work has been to discover how few of the over fifty manuscripts that I collated actually follow the vulgate in key readings.
1658:
mentions over 100 different
Dharmasastra texts which were known by the Middle Ages in India, but most of these are lost to history and their existence is inferred from quotes and citations in
1358:
do not present life as it was lived. Rather they reveal an idea of what life should be. The shastra texts constitute one of the great bodies of literature of the ancient world.
1799:
1380:; hence sutras use short, aphoristic, evocative statements. In contrast, a Shastra is typically longer, with more detail and explanations. An example of a Sutra is
793:
2170:
Ludwik
Sternbach (1973), Subhashita – A forgotten chapter in the histories of Sanskrit literature, in Indologica Taurinensia, Torino, Vol I, pages 169–254
1464: with: Read hidden edit comment by clicking edit, expand by adding one-liner description of each listed item, expand the list, etc. You can help by
1826:
Alex
Comfort and Charles Fowkes (1993), The Illustrated Koka Shastra: Medieval Indian Writings on Love Based on the Kama Sutra, Simon & Schuster,
1310:) was the first Indian legal text introduced to the western world through the translation of Sir William Jones in 1794. (...) All the editions of the
1376:(literally "binding thread") denotes a type of literary composition distinct from Shastra. In Sanskrit, "sutra" typically referred to one or more
1813:
843:
word that means "precept, rules, manual, compendium, book or treatise" in a general sense. The word is generally used as a suffix in the
1940:
English
Translation: Winthrop Sargeant (2009), The Bhagavad Gita: Twenty-fifth–Anniversary Edition, State University of New York Press,
1314:, except for Jolly's, reproduce the text as found in the manuscript containing the commentary of Kulluka. I have called this as the "
2074:
Gaborieau, Marc (June 1985). "From Al-Beruni to Jinnah: Idiom, Ritual and
Ideology of the Hindu-Muslim Confrontation in South Asia".
966:
literature, the word referred to any precept, rule, teaching, ritual instruction or direction. In late and post Vedic literature of
786:
2154:
Olle
Quarnström (2002), The Yogaśāstra of Hemacandra: A Twelfth Century Handbook of Śvetāmbara Jainism, Harvard University Press,
1853:
Amritlal
Savchand Gopani (1989), The Yoga Shastra of Hemchandracharya: A 12th Century Guide to Jain Yoga, Prakrit Bharti Academy,
2108:
Pollock, Sheldon, From
Discourse of Ritual to Discourse of Power in Sanskrit Culture, Journal of Ritual Studies 4:2, 1990, 315-45
2001:
Patrick Olivelle (2013), King, Governance, and Law in Ancient India: Kauṭilya's Arthaśāstra, Oxford UK: Oxford University Press,
1113:
and Brihaspati who disagreed that the Vedas are a treatise of knowledge, proposing relativism instead, in the following passage:
2263:
2232:
2122:
1294:, credited with a 2005 translation of Manu Dharma-sastra, published by the Oxford University Press, states the concerns in
3886:
1318:
version". It was Kulluka's version that has been translated repeatedly: Jones (1794), Burnell (1884), Buhler (1886) and
779:
2209:
James Lochtefeld (2002), "Dharma Shastras" in The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism, Vol. 1: A-M, Rosen Publishing,
2184:
2159:
2142:
2023:
2006:
1989:
1945:
1831:
1786:
2927:
548:
2214:
1969:
1714:
3759:
3747:
3278:
1372:
Sutras are another genre of Indian texts that emerged in the 1st millennium BCE, particularly after the 600 BCE.
861:, meaning scientific and basic knowledge on a particular subject. Examples in terms of modern neologisms include
3865:
3576:
2028:
Steven Collins (1993), The discourse of what is primary, Journal of Indian philosophy, Volume 21, pages 301–393
1709:
James Lochtefeld (2002), "Shastra" in The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism, Vol. 2: N-Z, Rosen Publishing,
516:
3705:
2179:
John Bowker (2012), The Message and the Book: Sacred Texts of the World's Religions, Yale University Press,
3754:
3769:
1694:
504:
1869:
3796:
3288:
2865:
2321:
2294:
1081:
The term is found in several passages of the Rigveda (2nd millennium BCE), such as in hymn VIII.33.16.
742:
543:
3816:
2742:
2256:
2395:
3610:
3268:
3192:
2898:
2680:
2655:
821:
667:
662:
227:
207:
17:
2430:
1298:
scholarship about the presumed authenticity and reliability of manuscripts as follows (abridged):
3891:
3446:
3306:
2977:
2517:
2460:
1689:
765:
647:
598:
3341:
1570:
3789:
3742:
2952:
2675:
1593:
1501:
1039:, a "shastra" is often a commentary written at a later date to explain an earlier scripture or
938:, reflecting a misunderstanding of the IAST symbol 'ś', which corresponds to the English 'sh'.
573:
367:
232:
2241:
1910:
1465:
1403:
Shastras and Sutras are among the numerous other genres of literature that have survived from
3811:
3764:
3737:
3700:
2957:
2047:
Rudolph, Susanne Hoeber; Rudolph, Lloyd I. (August 2000). "Living with Difference in India".
578:
479:
3273:
3784:
3779:
3774:
3695:
3172:
2665:
2650:
2302:
2249:
1655:
1109:
The Maitri Upanishad (mid to late 1st millennium BCE), similarly, mentions the materialist
962:"Shastra" commonly refers to a treatise or text on a specific field of knowledge. In early
652:
217:
174:
47:
847:
literature context, for technical or specialized knowledge in a defined area of practice.
8:
3834:
3801:
3680:
3571:
3506:
3356:
3215:
3095:
2967:
2795:
2732:
2685:
588:
188:
84:
2484:
2344:
274:
3636:
3595:
2887:
2700:
2645:
2091:
1842:
558:
284:
251:
169:
2860:
2835:
1488:
1393:
3851:
3845:
3725:
3715:
3581:
3516:
2909:
2850:
2705:
2695:
2210:
2180:
2155:
2138:
2118:
2019:
2002:
1985:
1965:
1941:
1854:
1827:
1782:
1760:
1710:
1630:
1598:
1575:
835:
812:
657:
627:
593:
531:
372:
256:
246:
3316:
2366:
3586:
3496:
3387:
2987:
2982:
2947:
2922:
2808:
2765:
2452:
2312:
2117:
Doniger, Wendy, The Hindus, An Alternative History, Oxford University Press, 2010,
2083:
2056:
1750:
1330:
1291:
1130:
732:
682:
603:
568:
396:
377:
362:
314:
2770:
2018:
Robert Lingat (1973), The Classical Law of India, University of California Press,
319:
3855:
3720:
3673:
3655:
3605:
3539:
3521:
3464:
3414:
3233:
3137:
3010:
2972:
2942:
2780:
2670:
2509:
2502:
2349:
1635:
1625:
1564:
1529:
1022:
901:
722:
702:
677:
401:
329:
222:
2435:
3690:
3626:
3469:
2813:
2690:
2660:
2495:
1580:
1507:
1408:
712:
492:
212:
193:
31:
2359:
2060:
3880:
3806:
3710:
3489:
3263:
3001:
2892:
2803:
2737:
2134:
1764:
1730:
1609:
1558:
1552:
1541:
1495:
1404:
1319:
1139:
891:
727:
717:
692:
687:
642:
455:
431:
421:
416:
406:
391:
357:
279:
3361:
3326:
3223:
2840:
2137:(2000), Classical Hindu Thought: An Introduction, Oxford University Press,
1620:
1339:
1061:
Shastra is sometimes the root of compounded Sanskrit words. A custodian of
911:
697:
632:
553:
450:
445:
426:
411:
1755:
1276:
1269:
1262:
1250:
1228:
1217:
1209:
1201:
1193:
1185:
1178:
1172:
1166:
1159:
1147:
921:
912:
902:
892:
883:
874:
865:
3668:
3501:
3429:
3419:
3331:
3321:
3296:
2937:
2932:
2823:
2617:
2601:
2544:
2479:
2415:
2082:(3). Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland: 7–14.
1938:मिदमुक्तं मयानघ । एतद्बुद्ध्वा बुद्धिमान्स्यात्कृतकृत्यश्च भारत ॥ १५-२०॥;
1858:
1603:
1535:
1389:
873:
583:
563:
511:
465:
460:
117:
55:
1890:
nor mine, but in another's he delights,The man who brought us unto this.
1453:
950:
literally means "that which has been instructed/decreed", from the root
3566:
3534:
3479:
3336:
3045:
2882:
2855:
2637:
2410:
2095:
1614:
1436:
1416:
1343:
1307:
1295:
1118:बृहस्पतिर्वै शुक्रो भूत्वेन्द्रस्याभयायासुरेभ्यः क्षयायेमामविद्यामसृजत्
858:
737:
159:
146:
1984:
Patrick Olivelle (2005), Manu's Code of Law, Oxford University Press,
1388:(considered a classic Hindu treatise), while an example of Shastra is
3685:
3474:
3424:
3397:
3346:
3311:
3301:
3253:
3152:
3120:
3065:
2962:
2917:
2591:
2220:
1778:
1734:
1546:
1385:
1381:
1377:
707:
637:
538:
112:
2087:
3730:
3549:
3544:
3434:
3371:
3351:
3182:
3018:
2845:
2818:
2785:
2727:
2627:
2622:
2596:
2521:
2405:
2277:
1521:
1517:
1513:
1420:
1110:
1070:
1051:
1036:
967:
840:
499:
334:
141:
136:
107:
63:
35:
2559:
73:
3631:
3484:
3402:
3392:
3167:
3157:
3130:
3125:
3115:
3070:
3055:
3050:
2830:
2775:
2760:
2752:
2719:
2586:
2489:
2464:
2440:
2339:
2329:
1894:
1428:
1424:
1315:
1240:
1098:
1047:
672:
347:
324:
309:
302:
131:
102:
2425:
2281:
3663:
3641:
3454:
3407:
3366:
3248:
3238:
3177:
3085:
3028:
3023:
2877:
2564:
2400:
2386:
2371:
2271:
1922:
1688:
Monier Williams, Monier Williams' Sanskrit-English Dictionary,
1659:
1525:
1504:, early 20th-century, sanskrit text on "science of aeronautics"
1432:
1351:
1004:
991:
747:
78:
3559:
3554:
3258:
3228:
3162:
3142:
3080:
3060:
3033:
2872:
2574:
2474:
2420:
2376:
2354:
1412:
1367:
1235:
1040:
1028:
1010:
985:
963:
844:
620:
95:
1106:
In this Rigvedic verse, the term means rule or instruction.
3600:
3529:
3511:
3459:
3243:
3187:
3147:
3107:
3090:
3075:
3040:
2469:
2381:
1397:
1199:
uses the term to refer to astronomical treatises. The term
998:
979:
1980:
1978:
2273:
2037:
Keay, John, India, A History, New York, Grove Press, 2000
1777:
JDM Derrett (1973), Geschichte, Volume 1, Series Editor:
2334:
1975:
1962:
Between the Empires: Society in India 300 BCE to 400 CE
1843:
The Unification of Wisdom and Compassion Dr. Yutang Lin
1705:
1703:
1684:
1682:
1680:
1678:
826:
1958:
Explorations in the Early History of the Dharmaśāstra
1138:
The term is found in other Upanishads as well as in
2535:
2231:
sfn error: no target: CITEREFPatrick_Olivelle1999 (
1700:
1675:
1800:"Knowledge-Net of Amarakosha (अमरकोश-ज्ञान-जालम्)"
1338:The literature of late 1st millennium BCE such as
1054:. An example of Jaina Shastra is the 12th-century
3878:
2226:
1516:theological texts, and refers to the treatises (
1142:such as in verses 15.20, 16.23–16.24, and 17.1.
1076:
1905:
1903:
2046:
1284:
1120:तया शिवमशिवमित्युद्दिशन्त्यशिवं शिवमिति वेदादि
2257:
1725:
1723:
787:
1900:
1442:
908:'science of mechanical arts and sculpture',
2264:
2250:
1720:
1031:-shastra (theatre & dance) and others.
794:
780:
2073:
1754:
1749:(1). Society for Military History: 9–37.
918:'science of politics and economics', and
27:Sanskrit term for precepts and treatises
1729:
926:'compendium of ethics or right policy'.
14:
3879:
1964:, New York: Oxford Unuiversity Press,
1739:on War and Diplomacy in Ancient India"
1248:(etymology). An early use of the term
2245:
1244:(1.2, 14), where the reference is to
834:
1448:
1392:'s Yogasastra (considered a classic
1354:for Muslims and Manu's code of law.
1256:with reference to the literature on
3861:
1913:, Oxford University Press, page 342
1880:
1870:disctionary meaning of Shastradhari
24:
954:which means "instruction/decree".
25:
3903:
853:has a similar meaning to English
3860:
3850:
3841:
3840:
3829:
2534:
2280:
2272:
1452:
1056:Yoga Shastra of Hemchandracharya
1050:, the term means the same as in
62:
3830:
2203:
2190:
2173:
2164:
2148:
2128:
2111:
2102:
2067:
2040:
2031:
2012:
1995:
1950:
1928:
1916:
1874:
1863:
1743:The Journal of Military History
1662:and digests that have survived.
1649:
1617:(mahayana uttaratantra shastra)
1549:(mahayana uttaratantra shastra)
3755:Relations with other religions
1847:
1836:
1820:
1806:
1792:
1771:
957:
13:
1:
1814:"शासना at Spokensanskrit.org"
1669:
1191:use the term. Similarly, the
1153:(11.36; 14.30) uses the term
1077:References in the early texts
2198:History of the Dharmaśāstras
1016:Alamkara-shastra (rhetoric),
941:
7:
1586:
1498:(treatises on architecture)
1333:, Manu's Code of Law (2005)
1285:Chronology and authenticity
1277:
1270:
1263:
1251:
1229:
1218:
1210:
1202:
1194:
1186:
1179:
1173:
1167:
1160:
1148:
1124:हिंसकधर्माभिध्यानमस्त्विति
922:
913:
903:
893:
884:
875:
866:
827:
10:
3908:
3887:Sanskrit words and phrases
1571:Mahayana Buddhist Shastras
1365:
1274:, who uses the expression
56:Hindu scriptures and texts
29:
3827:
3654:
3619:
3445:
3380:
3287:
3214:
3207:
3106:
3009:
3000:
2908:
2794:
2751:
2718:
2636:
2610:
2582:
2573:
2552:
2543:
2532:
2451:
2320:
2311:
2290:
2061:10.1111/1467-923X.71.s1.4
1532:studies in the Vedic era.
1092:यो अस्मान्वीर आनयत् ॥१६॥
1065:, for example, is called
816:
2899:Yoga Sutras of Patanjali
1992:, pages 353–354, 356–382
1895:Rig Veda ऋग्वेदः मण्डल ८
1642:
1443:Major shastras by topics
1361:
1019:Kavya-shastra (poetics),
934:is sometimes spelled as
898:'architectural science',
2978:Thiruvilaiyadal Puranam
2049:The Political Quarterly
1934:Sanskrit: इति गुह्यतमं
1690:Oxford University Press
1411:. Other genres include
930:In Western literature,
766:Timeline of Hindu texts
599:Thiruvilaiyadal Puranam
2953:Eighteen Greater Texts
1336:
1136:
1104:
574:Eighteen Greater Texts
3706:Hindu gurus and sants
2958:Eighteen Lesser Texts
2229:, pp. xxiii–xxv.
2227:Patrick Olivelle 1999
1960:in P. Olivelle (ed.)
1956:Olivelle, P. (2006).
1756:10.1353/jmh.2003.0006
1300:
1115:
1083:
579:Eighteen Lesser Texts
3696:Anti-Hindu sentiment
2055:(s1). Wiley: 20–38.
1923:Maitri Upanishad 7.9
1911:Maitri Upanishad 7.9
1656:Pandurang Vaman Kane
30:For other uses, see
3802:Hinduism by country
2968:Iraiyanar Akapporul
2928:Tirumurukāṟṟuppaṭai
1555:, financial affairs
1396:treatise), both on
589:Iraiyanar Akapporul
549:Tirumurukāṟṟuppaṭai
295:Related Hindu texts
2076:Anthropology Today
1149:Ṛigvedaprātiśākhya
3874:
3873:
3650:
3649:
3203:
3202:
2996:
2995:
2910:Sangam literature
2866:Yājñavalkya Smṛti
2714:
2713:
2530:
2529:
2123:978-0-19-959334-7
1631:Samudrika Shastra
1594:Vaimānika Shāstra
1576:Samudrika Shastra
1561:, performing arts
1512:These a genre of
1502:Vaimānika Shāstra
1482:
1481:
1025:-shastra (music),
836:[ɕaːstrɐ]
825:
804:
803:
594:Abhirami Anthadhi
532:Sangam literature
385:Vaishnava puranas
16:(Redirected from
3899:
3864:
3863:
3854:
3844:
3843:
3833:
3832:
3743:Pilgrimage sites
3497:Ganesh Chaturthi
3212:
3211:
3007:
3006:
2988:Vedarthasamgraha
2983:Vinayagar Agaval
2948:Five Great Epics
2923:Divya Prabandham
2836:Minor Upanishads
2580:
2579:
2550:
2549:
2538:
2537:
2318:
2317:
2284:
2276:
2266:
2259:
2252:
2243:
2242:
2237:
2236:
2224:
2218:
2207:
2201:
2194:
2188:
2177:
2171:
2168:
2162:
2152:
2146:
2132:
2126:
2115:
2109:
2106:
2100:
2099:
2071:
2065:
2064:
2044:
2038:
2035:
2029:
2016:
2010:
1999:
1993:
1982:
1973:
1954:
1948:
1932:
1926:
1920:
1914:
1907:
1898:
1893:
1882:
1878:
1872:
1867:
1861:
1851:
1845:
1840:
1834:
1824:
1818:
1817:
1810:
1804:
1803:
1796:
1790:
1775:
1769:
1768:
1758:
1733:(January 2003).
1727:
1718:
1707:
1698:
1686:
1663:
1653:
1489:List of Shastras
1477:
1474:
1456:
1449:
1334:
1331:Patrick Olivelle
1292:Patrick Olivelle
1280:
1273:
1266:
1260:is found in the
1254:
1232:
1221:
1213:
1207:, refers to the
1205:
1203:vedāṅgaśāstrāṇām
1197:
1189:
1182:
1176:
1170:
1163:
1157:to refer to the
1151:
1134:
1131:Maitri Upanishad
1102:
1090:अन्यस्य रण्यति ।
1086:नहि षस्तव नो मम
1073:: शास्त्रधारी).
925:
916:
906:
896:
887:
878:
869:
857:, e.g. ecology,
838:
833:
830:
820:
818:
796:
789:
782:
733:Gheranda Samhita
683:Sushruta Samhita
604:Vinayagar Agaval
569:Five Great Epics
544:Divya Prabandham
475:
441:
387:
269:Other scriptures
242:
203:
184:
127:
66:
43:
42:
21:
3907:
3906:
3902:
3901:
3900:
3898:
3897:
3896:
3877:
3876:
3875:
3870:
3837:
3823:
3646:
3615:
3606:Vasant Panchami
3540:Pahela Baishakh
3522:Makar Sankranti
3441:
3376:
3283:
3199:
3102:
2992:
2973:Abhirami Antati
2943:Kamba Ramayanam
2904:
2790:
2747:
2710:
2632:
2606:
2569:
2539:
2526:
2510:Vishishtadvaita
2447:
2307:
2286:
2270:
2240:
2230:
2225:
2221:
2217:, pages 191–192
2208:
2204:
2195:
2191:
2187:, pages 179–180
2178:
2174:
2169:
2165:
2153:
2149:
2133:
2129:
2116:
2112:
2107:
2103:
2088:10.2307/3033123
2072:
2068:
2045:
2041:
2036:
2032:
2027:
2017:
2013:
2000:
1996:
1983:
1976:
1955:
1951:
1939:
1933:
1929:
1921:
1917:
1908:
1901:
1886:Neither in thy
1883:
1879:
1875:
1868:
1864:
1852:
1848:
1841:
1837:
1825:
1821:
1812:
1811:
1807:
1798:
1797:
1793:
1776:
1772:
1728:
1721:
1708:
1701:
1687:
1676:
1672:
1667:
1666:
1654:
1650:
1645:
1640:
1636:Shilpa Shastras
1626:Mahayana sutras
1589:
1565:Surya Siddantha
1530:Kalpa (Vedanga)
1511:
1484:
1478:
1472:
1469:
1462:needs expansion
1445:
1394:Svetambara Jain
1370:
1364:
1335:
1329:
1323:
1287:
1135:
1129:
1126:
1119:
1103:
1097:
1094:
1091:
1079:
960:
944:
831:
800:
771:
770:
761:
753:
752:
703:Divya Prabandha
678:Charaka Samhita
663:Vaiśeṣika Sūtra
623:
609:
608:
564:Kamba Ramayanam
539:Saiva Tirumurai
534:
524:
523:
495:
485:
484:
471:
437:
383:
350:
340:
339:
305:
290:
289:
270:
262:
261:
238:
199:
180:
162:
152:
151:
123:
98:
81:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3905:
3895:
3894:
3892:Sanskrit texts
3889:
3872:
3871:
3869:
3868:
3858:
3848:
3828:
3825:
3824:
3822:
3821:
3820:
3819:
3814:
3804:
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3767:
3762:
3752:
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3723:
3718:
3713:
3708:
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3676:
3671:
3660:
3658:
3652:
3651:
3648:
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3639:
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3617:
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3608:
3603:
3598:
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3542:
3537:
3532:
3524:
3519:
3514:
3509:
3504:
3499:
3494:
3493:
3492:
3487:
3482:
3472:
3470:Raksha Bandhan
3467:
3462:
3457:
3451:
3449:
3443:
3442:
3440:
3439:
3438:
3437:
3432:
3427:
3422:
3412:
3411:
3410:
3405:
3400:
3395:
3384:
3382:
3378:
3377:
3375:
3374:
3369:
3364:
3359:
3354:
3349:
3344:
3339:
3334:
3329:
3324:
3319:
3314:
3309:
3304:
3299:
3293:
3291:
3285:
3284:
3282:
3281:
3276:
3271:
3266:
3261:
3256:
3251:
3246:
3241:
3236:
3231:
3226:
3220:
3218:
3209:
3205:
3204:
3201:
3200:
3198:
3197:
3190:
3185:
3180:
3175:
3170:
3165:
3160:
3155:
3150:
3145:
3140:
3135:
3134:
3133:
3128:
3123:
3112:
3110:
3104:
3103:
3101:
3100:
3093:
3088:
3083:
3078:
3073:
3068:
3063:
3058:
3053:
3048:
3043:
3038:
3037:
3036:
3031:
3026:
3015:
3013:
3004:
2998:
2997:
2994:
2993:
2991:
2990:
2985:
2980:
2975:
2970:
2965:
2960:
2955:
2950:
2945:
2940:
2935:
2930:
2925:
2920:
2914:
2912:
2906:
2905:
2903:
2902:
2895:
2890:
2885:
2880:
2875:
2870:
2869:
2868:
2863:
2858:
2848:
2843:
2838:
2833:
2828:
2827:
2826:
2821:
2811:
2806:
2800:
2798:
2792:
2791:
2789:
2788:
2783:
2778:
2773:
2768:
2763:
2757:
2755:
2749:
2748:
2746:
2745:
2740:
2735:
2730:
2724:
2722:
2716:
2715:
2712:
2711:
2709:
2708:
2703:
2698:
2693:
2688:
2683:
2681:Shvetashvatara
2678:
2673:
2668:
2663:
2658:
2656:Brihadaranyaka
2653:
2648:
2642:
2640:
2634:
2633:
2631:
2630:
2625:
2620:
2614:
2612:
2608:
2607:
2605:
2604:
2599:
2594:
2589:
2583:
2577:
2571:
2570:
2568:
2567:
2562:
2556:
2554:
2553:Classification
2547:
2541:
2540:
2533:
2531:
2528:
2527:
2525:
2524:
2515:
2514:
2513:
2506:
2499:
2487:
2482:
2477:
2472:
2467:
2457:
2455:
2449:
2448:
2446:
2445:
2444:
2443:
2438:
2433:
2428:
2423:
2418:
2413:
2408:
2403:
2392:
2391:
2390:
2389:
2384:
2379:
2374:
2363:
2362:
2357:
2352:
2347:
2342:
2337:
2332:
2326:
2324:
2315:
2309:
2308:
2306:
2305:
2300:
2297:
2291:
2288:
2287:
2269:
2268:
2261:
2254:
2246:
2239:
2238:
2219:
2202:
2189:
2185:978-0300179293
2172:
2163:
2160:978-0674009349
2147:
2145:, page 205-206
2143:978-0195644418
2127:
2110:
2101:
2066:
2039:
2030:
2024:978-0520018983
2011:
2007:978-0199891825
1994:
1990:978-0195171464
1974:
1949:
1946:978-0873958318
1927:
1915:
1899:
1873:
1862:
1846:
1835:
1832:978-0684839813
1819:
1805:
1791:
1787:978-9004037403
1770:
1731:Boesche, Roger
1719:
1699:
1673:
1671:
1668:
1665:
1664:
1647:
1646:
1644:
1641:
1639:
1638:
1633:
1628:
1623:
1618:
1612:
1607:
1606:(Kama Shastra)
1601:
1596:
1590:
1588:
1585:
1584:
1583:
1581:Shilpa Shastra
1578:
1573:
1568:
1562:
1556:
1550:
1544:
1539:
1538:(Kama Shastra)
1533:
1508:Dharma Shastra
1505:
1499:
1492:
1491:
1480:
1479:
1459:
1457:
1444:
1441:
1409:medieval India
1366:Main article:
1363:
1360:
1327:
1286:
1283:
1234:" is found in
1195:Vedāṅgajyotiṣa
1127:
1116:
1095:
1084:
1078:
1075:
1033:
1032:
1026:
1020:
1017:
1014:
1008:
1002:
995:
989:
983:
959:
956:
943:
940:
928:
927:
919:
909:
899:
889:
881:
871:
867:bhautikaśāstra
802:
801:
799:
798:
791:
784:
776:
773:
772:
769:
768:
762:
759:
758:
755:
754:
751:
750:
745:
740:
735:
730:
725:
720:
715:
713:Ramcharitmanas
710:
705:
700:
695:
690:
685:
680:
675:
673:Pramana Sutras
670:
665:
660:
655:
653:Mimamsa Sutras
650:
648:Samkhya Sutras
645:
640:
635:
630:
628:Dharma Shastra
624:
615:
614:
611:
610:
607:
606:
601:
596:
591:
586:
581:
576:
571:
566:
561:
556:
551:
546:
541:
535:
530:
529:
526:
525:
522:
521:
520:
519:
509:
508:
507:
496:
491:
490:
487:
486:
483:
482:
480:Devi Bhagavata
473:Shakta puranas
469:
468:
463:
458:
453:
448:
439:Shaiva puranas
435:
434:
429:
424:
419:
414:
409:
404:
399:
394:
381:
380:
375:
370:
368:Brahmavaivarta
365:
360:
353:Brahma puranas
351:
346:
345:
342:
341:
338:
337:
332:
327:
322:
317:
312:
306:
301:
300:
297:
296:
292:
291:
288:
287:
282:
277:
271:
268:
267:
264:
263:
260:
259:
254:
249:
236:
235:
230:
228:Shvetashvatara
225:
220:
215:
210:
208:Brihadaranyaka
197:
196:
191:
178:
177:
172:
163:
158:
157:
154:
153:
150:
149:
144:
139:
134:
121:
120:
115:
110:
105:
99:
94:
93:
90:
89:
88:
87:
82:
76:
68:
67:
59:
58:
52:
51:
32:Shastra (film)
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3904:
3893:
3890:
3888:
3885:
3884:
3882:
3867:
3859:
3857:
3853:
3849:
3847:
3839:
3838:
3836:
3826:
3818:
3815:
3813:
3810:
3809:
3808:
3807:Hindu temples
3805:
3803:
3800:
3798:
3795:
3791:
3788:
3786:
3783:
3781:
3778:
3776:
3773:
3771:
3768:
3766:
3763:
3761:
3758:
3757:
3756:
3753:
3749:
3746:
3745:
3744:
3741:
3739:
3736:
3732:
3729:
3728:
3727:
3724:
3722:
3719:
3717:
3714:
3712:
3711:Hindu studies
3709:
3707:
3704:
3702:
3699:
3697:
3694:
3692:
3689:
3687:
3684:
3682:
3681:Denominations
3679:
3675:
3672:
3670:
3667:
3666:
3665:
3662:
3661:
3659:
3657:
3653:
3643:
3640:
3638:
3635:
3633:
3630:
3628:
3625:
3624:
3622:
3618:
3612:
3609:
3607:
3604:
3602:
3599:
3597:
3594:
3593:
3588:
3585:
3583:
3580:
3578:
3575:
3573:
3570:
3569:
3568:
3565:
3561:
3558:
3556:
3553:
3551:
3548:
3546:
3543:
3541:
3538:
3536:
3533:
3531:
3528:
3527:
3525:
3523:
3520:
3518:
3515:
3513:
3510:
3508:
3505:
3503:
3500:
3498:
3495:
3491:
3490:Vijayadashami
3488:
3486:
3483:
3481:
3478:
3477:
3476:
3473:
3471:
3468:
3466:
3463:
3461:
3458:
3456:
3453:
3452:
3450:
3448:
3444:
3436:
3433:
3431:
3428:
3426:
3423:
3421:
3418:
3417:
3416:
3413:
3409:
3406:
3404:
3401:
3399:
3396:
3394:
3391:
3390:
3389:
3386:
3385:
3383:
3379:
3373:
3370:
3368:
3365:
3363:
3360:
3358:
3355:
3353:
3350:
3348:
3345:
3343:
3340:
3338:
3335:
3333:
3330:
3328:
3325:
3323:
3320:
3318:
3315:
3313:
3310:
3308:
3307:Simantonayana
3305:
3303:
3300:
3298:
3295:
3294:
3292:
3290:
3286:
3280:
3277:
3275:
3272:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3257:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3247:
3245:
3242:
3240:
3237:
3235:
3232:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3222:
3221:
3219:
3217:
3213:
3210:
3206:
3196:
3195:
3191:
3189:
3186:
3184:
3181:
3179:
3176:
3174:
3171:
3169:
3166:
3164:
3161:
3159:
3156:
3154:
3151:
3149:
3146:
3144:
3141:
3139:
3136:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3118:
3117:
3114:
3113:
3111:
3109:
3105:
3099:
3098:
3094:
3092:
3089:
3087:
3084:
3082:
3079:
3077:
3074:
3072:
3069:
3067:
3064:
3062:
3059:
3057:
3054:
3052:
3049:
3047:
3044:
3042:
3039:
3035:
3032:
3030:
3027:
3025:
3022:
3021:
3020:
3017:
3016:
3014:
3012:
3008:
3005:
3003:
2999:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2971:
2969:
2966:
2964:
2961:
2959:
2956:
2954:
2951:
2949:
2946:
2944:
2941:
2939:
2936:
2934:
2931:
2929:
2926:
2924:
2921:
2919:
2916:
2915:
2913:
2911:
2907:
2901:
2900:
2896:
2894:
2893:Yoga Vasistha
2891:
2889:
2886:
2884:
2881:
2879:
2876:
2874:
2871:
2867:
2864:
2862:
2859:
2857:
2854:
2853:
2852:
2849:
2847:
2844:
2842:
2839:
2837:
2834:
2832:
2829:
2825:
2822:
2820:
2817:
2816:
2815:
2812:
2810:
2807:
2805:
2804:Bhagavad Gita
2802:
2801:
2799:
2797:
2793:
2787:
2784:
2782:
2779:
2777:
2774:
2772:
2769:
2767:
2764:
2762:
2759:
2758:
2756:
2754:
2750:
2744:
2743:Sthapatyaveda
2741:
2739:
2736:
2734:
2731:
2729:
2726:
2725:
2723:
2721:
2717:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2699:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2647:
2644:
2643:
2641:
2639:
2635:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2615:
2613:
2609:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2595:
2593:
2590:
2588:
2585:
2584:
2581:
2578:
2576:
2572:
2566:
2563:
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2558:
2557:
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2551:
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2542:
2523:
2519:
2516:
2512:
2511:
2507:
2505:
2504:
2500:
2498:
2497:
2493:
2492:
2491:
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2333:
2331:
2328:
2327:
2325:
2323:
2319:
2316:
2314:
2310:
2304:
2301:
2298:
2296:
2293:
2292:
2289:
2283:
2279:
2275:
2267:
2262:
2260:
2255:
2253:
2248:
2247:
2244:
2234:
2228:
2223:
2216:
2215:0-8239-2287-1
2212:
2206:
2200:Vol. 1 p. 304
2199:
2193:
2186:
2182:
2176:
2167:
2161:
2157:
2151:
2144:
2140:
2136:
2135:Arvind Sharma
2131:
2124:
2120:
2114:
2105:
2097:
2093:
2089:
2085:
2081:
2077:
2070:
2062:
2058:
2054:
2050:
2043:
2034:
2025:
2021:
2015:
2009:, pages 30–32
2008:
2004:
1998:
1991:
1987:
1981:
1979:
1971:
1970:0-19-568935-6
1967:
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1947:
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1829:
1823:
1815:
1809:
1801:
1795:
1789:, pages 34–36
1788:
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1610:Yoga Vasistha
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1592:
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1582:
1579:
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1574:
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1560:
1559:Natya Shastra
1557:
1554:
1553:Artha Shastra
1551:
1548:
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1543:
1542:Yoga Vasistha
1540:
1537:
1534:
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1527:
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1509:
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1500:
1497:
1496:Vastu Shastra
1494:
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1487:
1486:
1485:
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1467:
1463:
1460:This section
1458:
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1132:
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726:
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718:Yoga Vasistha
716:
714:
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709:
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693:Vastu Shastra
691:
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633:Artha Shastra
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19:
3817:Architecture
3420:Brahmacharya
3362:Samavartanam
3327:Annaprashana
3193:
3096:
2897:
2851:Dharmaśāstra
2841:Arthashastra
2676:Maitrayaniya
2508:
2501:
2494:
2416:Brahmacharya
2222:
2205:
2197:
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2033:
2014:
1997:
1961:
1957:
1952:
1935:
1930:
1918:
1909:Max Muller,
1887:
1885:
1876:
1865:
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1822:
1808:
1794:
1773:
1746:
1742:
1736:
1735:"Kautilya's
1693:
1651:
1621:Arthashastra
1599:Dharmaśāstra
1483:
1470:
1466:adding to it
1461:
1446:
1402:
1373:
1371:
1356:
1348:
1340:Arthashastra
1337:
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880:'chemistry',
854:
850:
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807:
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698:Panchatantra
658:Nyāya Sūtras
616:
554:Thiruppugazh
472:
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239:
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164:
124:
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40:
3866:WikiProject
3738:Persecution
3726:Nationalism
3716:Iconography
3596:Ratha Yatra
3507:Janmashtami
3502:Rama Navami
3430:Vanaprastha
3381:Varnashrama
3357:Ritushuddhi
3342:Vidyarambha
3332:Chudakarana
3322:Nishkramana
3297:Garbhadhana
2938:Thirukkural
2933:Thiruppugal
2861:Nāradasmṛti
2824:Mahabharata
2602:Atharvaveda
2480:Vaisheshika
2367:Puruṣārthas
2196:Kane, P.V.
1737:Arthaśāstra
1604:Kamashastra
1567:, astronomy
1536:Kamashastra
1437:Subhashitas
1390:Hemachandra
1165:tradition.
1161:prātiśākhya
958:Terminology
914:arthaśāstra
904:śilpaśāstra
894:vāstuśāstra
743:Vedantasara
668:Yoga Sutras
584:Aathichoodi
517:Historicity
512:Mahabharata
505:Historicity
201:Yajur vedic
118:Atharvaveda
3881:Categories
3567:Kumbh Mela
3535:Gudi Padwa
3480:Durga Puja
3465:Shivaratri
3337:Karnavedha
3317:Namakarana
3279:Tirthatana
3046:Dattatreya
2883:Subhashita
2856:Manusmriti
2733:Dhanurveda
2666:Taittiriya
2651:Kaushitaki
2638:Upanishads
2411:Aparigraha
2313:Philosophy
2026:, page 77;
1925:Wikisource
1897:Wikisource
1717:, page 626
1670:References
1615:Mokshopaya
1417:Upanishads
1386:Yogasutras
1344:South Asia
1308:Manusmriti
1296:postmodern
1226:The term "
1187:Aṣṭādhyāyī
923:nītiśāstra
888:'biology',
885:jīvaśāstra
876:rasaśāstra
870:'physics',
859:psychology
832:pronounced
738:Panchadasi
723:Swara yoga
559:Tirukkuṟaḷ
373:Markandeya
218:Taittiriya
182:Sama vedic
175:Kaushitaki
160:Upanishads
147:Upanishads
3790:Theosophy
3721:Mythology
3701:Criticism
3669:Etymology
3627:Svādhyāya
3526:New Year
3475:Navaratri
3447:Festivals
3425:Grihastha
3398:Kshatriya
3372:Antyeshti
3347:Upanayana
3312:Jatakarma
3302:Pumsavana
3289:Sanskaras
3254:Naivedhya
3208:Practices
3153:Mahavidya
3121:Saraswati
3108:Goddesses
3066:Kartikeya
2963:Athichudi
2918:Tirumurai
2771:Vyākaraṇa
2738:Natyaveda
2686:Chandogya
2611:Divisions
2592:Yajurveda
1781:, Brill,
1779:Jan Gonda
1765:0899-3718
1547:Moksopaya
1382:Patanjali
1378:aphorisms
1271:Kātyāyana
1174:Patañjali
1168:Kātyāyana
1111:Charvakas
1101:8.33.16,
1013:-shastra,
1007:-shastra,
1001:-shastra,
997:Koka- or
994:-shastra,
988:-shastra,
982:-shastra,
946:The word
942:Etymology
822:romanized
708:Tirumurai
638:Kamasutra
397:Bhagavata
378:Bhavishya
363:Brahmānda
320:Vyakarana
189:Chandogya
165:Rig vedic
125:Divisions
113:Yajurveda
3846:Category
3797:Glossary
3765:Buddhism
3731:Hindutva
3691:Calendar
3572:Haridwar
3550:Vaisakhi
3545:Puthandu
3435:Sannyasa
3352:Keshanta
3183:Shashthi
3019:Trimurti
2846:Nitisara
2819:Ramayana
2814:Itihasas
2786:Jyotisha
2728:Ayurveda
2720:Upavedas
2701:Mandukya
2646:Aitareya
2628:Aranyaka
2623:Brahmana
2597:Samaveda
2522:Charvaka
2322:Concepts
2303:Timeline
2295:Glossary
2278:Hinduism
1884: "
1859:21760707
1587:See also
1522:Hinduism
1514:Sanskrit
1473:May 2020
1421:Vedangas
1328:—
1264:vārttika
1128:—
1096:—
1088:शास्त्रे
1071:Sanskrit
1052:Hinduism
1037:Buddhism
968:Hinduism
841:Sanskrit
813:Sanskrit
760:Timeline
617:Shastras
500:Ramayana
402:Naradiya
335:Jyotisha
303:Vedangas
252:Mandukya
170:Aitareya
142:Aranyaka
137:Brahmana
108:Samaveda
48:a series
46:Part of
36:Shaastra
18:Shastras
3835:Outline
3785:Sikhism
3780:Judaism
3775:Jainism
3656:Related
3632:Namaste
3485:Ramlila
3415:Ashrama
3403:Vaishya
3393:Brahmin
3216:Worship
3168:Rukmini
3158:Matrika
3131:Parvati
3126:Lakshmi
3116:Tridevi
3071:Krishna
3056:Hanuman
3051:Ganesha
3002:Deities
2888:Tantras
2878:Stotras
2831:Puranas
2776:Nirukta
2766:Chandas
2761:Shiksha
2753:Vedanga
2706:Prashna
2696:Mundaka
2618:Samhita
2587:Rigveda
2518:Nāstika
2503:Advaita
2490:Vedanta
2485:Mīmāṃsā
2465:Samkhya
2453:Schools
2441:Akrodha
2360:Saṃsāra
2340:Ishvara
2330:Brahman
2096:3033123
1972:, p.169
1936:शास्त्र
1881:transl.
1518:śāstras
1433:Bhasyas
1429:Puranas
1425:Itihasa
1405:ancient
1320:Doniger
1316:vulgate
1246:Nirukta
1241:Nirukta
1219:Vedāṅga
1215:of the
1155:Shastra
1122:शास्त्र
1099:Rigveda
1063:Shastra
1048:Jainism
1023:Sangita
972:Shastra
932:Shastra
851:Shastra
839:) is a
824::
817:शास्त्र
808:Shastra
493:Itihasa
348:Puranas
325:Nirukta
315:Chandas
310:Shiksha
285:Tantras
257:Prashna
247:Mundaka
132:Samhita
103:Rigveda
3856:Portal
3760:Baháʼí
3664:Hindus
3642:Tilaka
3611:Others
3587:Ujjain
3582:Prayag
3577:Nashik
3517:Pongal
3455:Diwali
3408:Shudra
3367:Vivaha
3274:Dhyāna
3249:Bhajan
3239:Bhakti
3224:Temple
3178:Shakti
3086:Varuna
3029:Vishnu
3024:Brahma
2873:Sutras
2809:Agamas
2565:Smriti
2496:Dvaita
2461:Āstika
2406:Asteya
2401:Ahimsa
2387:Moksha
2372:Dharma
2285:topics
2213:
2183:
2158:
2141:
2121:
2094:
2022:
2005:
1988:
1968:
1944:
1888:decree
1857:
1830:
1785:
1763:
1713:
1695:zAstra
1660:bhasya
1526:dharma
1435:, and
1352:Sharia
1258:dharma
1252:śāstra
1230:śāstra
1211:śāstra
1180:Pāṇini
1005:Moksha
992:Dharma
952:Śāsana
948:Śāstra
936:Sastra
845:Indian
828:Śāstra
748:Stotra
621:sutras
456:Skanda
432:Matsya
417:Vamana
407:Garuda
392:Vishnu
358:Brahma
275:Agamas
233:Maitri
79:Smriti
74:Shruti
3770:Islam
3748:India
3637:Bindi
3620:Other
3560:Ugadi
3555:Vishu
3388:Varna
3269:Tapas
3259:Yajna
3229:Murti
3163:Radha
3143:Durga
3138:Bhumi
3081:Surya
3061:Indra
3034:Shiva
2796:Other
2781:Kalpa
2671:Katha
2575:Vedas
2560:Śruti
2545:Texts
2475:Nyaya
2431:Damah
2421:Satya
2377:Artha
2355:Karma
2345:Atman
2299:Index
2092:JSTOR
1643:Notes
1520:) of
1413:Vedas
1374:Sutra
1368:Sutra
1362:Sutra
1236:Yaska
1133:7.9,
1041:sutra
1029:Natya
1011:Artha
986:Nyaya
964:Vedic
855:-logy
451:Linga
446:Shiva
427:Kurma
412:Padma
330:Kalpa
223:Katha
96:Vedas
3812:List
3674:List
3601:Teej
3530:Bihu
3512:Onam
3460:Holi
3264:Homa
3244:Japa
3234:Puja
3194:more
3188:Sita
3173:Sati
3148:Kali
3097:more
3091:Vayu
3076:Rama
3041:Agni
3011:Gods
2691:Kena
2661:Isha
2470:Yoga
2436:Dayā
2426:Dāna
2396:Niti
2382:Kama
2350:Maya
2233:help
2211:ISBN
2181:ISBN
2156:ISBN
2139:ISBN
2119:ISBN
2020:ISBN
2003:ISBN
1986:ISBN
1966:ISBN
1942:ISBN
1855:OCLC
1828:ISBN
1783:ISBN
1761:ISSN
1711:ISBN
1407:and
1398:yoga
1302:The
1177:and
1145:The
999:Kama
980:Yoga
619:and
466:Agni
461:Vayu
213:Isha
194:Kena
85:List
34:and
3686:Law
2125:pbk
2084:doi
2057:doi
1751:doi
1524:on
1468:.
1384:'s
1312:MDh
1304:MDh
1268:of
1238:'s
1223:s.
1183:'s
1046:In
1035:In
3883::
2520::
2463::
2335:Om
2090:.
2078:.
2053:71
2051:.
1977:^
1902:^
1759:.
1747:67
1745:.
1741:.
1722:^
1702:^
1677:^
1439:.
1431:,
1427:,
1423:,
1419:,
1415:,
1400:.
1346:.
1171:,
1058:.
970:,
819:,
815::
50:on
2265:e
2258:t
2251:v
2235:)
2098:.
2086::
2080:1
2063:.
2059::
1892:"
1816:.
1802:.
1767:.
1753::
1510::
1475:)
1471:(
1306:(
1069:(
811:(
795:e
788:t
781:v
38:.
20:)
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