Hussein bin Ali, King of Hejaz

1612: 2401: 3051: 1111: 3059: 3091: 2154: 2748: 2299: 2231: 3102:. They feared that his death would not only stir resentment among Arabs towards the United Kingdom but also potentially strain their relationships with the Hashemite rulers, all of whom were allies in the Middle East. The Saudis expressed their displeasure with rumors of Hussein's repatriation, especially after Hussein expressed his wish to be buried in Mecca, an event the Saudis feared would lead to "pro-Hashemite gatherings." Eventually, the British decided to repatriate him to Amman, with Baghdad as another option they had considered. Upon his arrival, he was greeted by a large crowd that cheered him and followed him to the 3542: 3482: 3364: 2193: 8100:

décembre, il se déclare indifférent à la monarchie et libre face aux puissances européennes et va jusqu'à décliner l'offre de débarquement franco-britannique (27 décembre). Son obsession reste le califat. Sa législation en est le signe puisqu'il lance la lutte contre le péché à Médine. Le 30 octobre 1916, les cafés ne peuvent rien vendre durant les heures de prières ; le 3 mai 1917, l'alcool est interdit. Il restaure en janvier 1917 les titres traditionnels arabo-musulmans (chérif, sayyid, shaykh) et abolit les titres turcs (effendi, bey, pacha…).

7512: 7412: 7389: 7260: 7237: 7093: 7070: 7045: 6907: 1489: 3554: 3494: 3530: 3177: 1571: 2945: 3518: 3506: 14039: 1711: 1671:. Hussein was very supportive of this campaign because 'Asir traditionally belonged to the Hejaz, and al-Idrisi presence in the area severed his financial and political ties with 'Asir. He gathered an army of about 5,000 men from the Aqil and Bisha tribes, both tribes being from 'Asir, in Mecca and then began to march against al-Idrisi. After an initial defeat due to the heat and a cholera epidemic, he managed to inflict two heavy defeats on the 12612: 2525:"What is requested of you is to protect and to take good care of everyone from the Jacobite Armenian community living in your territories and frontiers and among your tribes; to help them in all of their affairs and defend them as you would defend yourselves, your properties and children, and provide everything they might need whether they are settled or moving from place to place, because they are the Protected People of the Muslims ( 2612:, notably those who already lived there and were not coming from foreign countries. However, even after an assurance by McMahon, Hussein did not receive the lands promised by their British allies. McMahon claimed that the proposed lands to be taken in by the new Arab State were not purely Arab. In actuality, McMahon refused to hand over the new lands as the areas in question had already been claimed by the new British ally, France. 2769: 1042: 10239: 12604: 12669: 11192: 11123: 8124: 441: 3027: 10231: 12750: 2091:, Hussein seized the opportunity and demanded recognition of an Arab nation that included the Hejaz and other adjacent territories as well as approval for the proclamation of an Arab Caliphate of Islam. High Commissioner McMahon accepted and assured him that his assistance would be rewarded by an Arab empire encompassing the entire span between 1547:. After a series of political assassinations among his uncles vying for the position of Sharif, he gained attention for his independence of thought and was sent back to Constantinople by the reigning uncle at that time in 1892–1893. He remained there for 15 years, until 1908, mainly focusing on raising his children, learning the politics of the 12661: 11184: 11115: 8116: 11205:في منتصف عام 1921م، وكفرصة أخيرة، وصل إلى مكة الضابط الإنجليزي توماس إدوارد لورانس.. «لورانس العرب»، الذي حمل معه رسالة أخيرة لشريف مكة، وعرض فيها إبرام معاهدة «أنجلوهاشمية»، شرط أن يوافق على نتائج الحرب ووعد بلفور، مقابل أن تضمن بريطانيا أمن وسلامة مملكة الحجاز، من هجوم عبد العزيز بن سعود، لكن الشريف رفض العرض، ولم يقبل بوعد بلفور.. 11575: 1687:

governor of Abha, Suleiman Pasha, after he began wanting to administer the territories he managed to reconquer according to Bedouin and Sharifian norms, as previously. This led to a rupture between the two commanders, and Hussein decided to withdraw from 'Asir after having pursued the defeated Idrisid forces for some time.

2689:, calling it illegitimate. After him becoming Caliph, he continued on this path, stating: "I consider Zionism unjust towards Muslims, Christians and Orthodox Jews, and as a protector of justice, I will resist this unjust Zionism". This contributed to aggravate his relationship with the Zionists towards a breaking point. 2529:) – about whom the Prophet Muhammad (may Allah grant him His blessings and peace) said: "Whosoever takes from them even a rope, I will be his adversary on the day of Judgment". This is among the most important things we require of you to do and expect you to accomplish, in view of your noble character and determination". 72: 3007:, religious books, he also read Arabic newspapers in the mornings. However, he still went to see horse-races and had brought Arabic horses in his exile that he treated "like his own family". Hussein also did some interviews with the press during his exile. He received some visitors, such as Sheikh Fuad al-Khatib, 12734: 2314:, helping themselves with their superior knowledge of the Arabian and Syrian deserts. This conflict was marked by widespread ethnic cleansing directed at non-Turkish populations in the areas affected. The troops of Hussein also committed war crimes, deciding to execute Turkish troops responsible of the 2791:

In the same perspective, he financially supported the members of the exiled Ottoman dynasty to prevent them from being ruined. Despite his complicated financial and economic situation, he provided them with 2400 liras. The claim to the title was recognized by a large part of the Hejazi, Levantine and

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to power. Upon his arrival, he met CUP representatives who greeted him as the "Constitutional Sharif," intending to gauge his response to such a designation. He replied: "Verily these are the lands of Allah in which nothing will ever stand except the Shariah of Allah The constitution of the lands of

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community; though it is possible that one exists, there is no mention of him having visited a Turkish mosque in Nicosia. He met with the Armenian Archbishop of Nicosia in 1926 and received a warm welcome, after that, he donated drums and instruments to the Armenian community of the island, including

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The services rendered by the Ottoman family to Islam and Muslims are undeniable; their heroism cannot be belittled. The recent decision regarding the family has pierced the hearts and saddened the spirits of Muslims. Therefore, we see it as an obligation of Islamic brotherhood to meet the needs of

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considers it to be the oldest declaration by a head of state to recognize the Armenian genocide. Alongside this, he gave citizenship to his Armenian subjects. According to survivors of the Armenian genocide, such as Levon Yotnakhparian, Hussein personally received him and was shocked by the news of

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By declaring an Arab revolt in 1916, Hussein bin Ali, the Hashemite governor of Hijaz , became the leader of pan-Arabism, with a plan to see the Arab territories formed into a single independent Arab state after the defeat of the Ottomans. But this scenario contradicted the aims of the clandestine

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Central File: Decimal File 867.9111, Internal Affairs Of States, Public Press., Newspapers., Turkey, Clippings And Items., March 22, 1924 – March 12, 1925. March 22, 1924 – March 12, 1925. MS Turkey: Records of the U.S. Department of State, 1802–1949: Records of the Department of State Relating to

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Dès l'automne 1916, il commence à imprimer sa marque dans le Hejâz, puisque le corps sénatorial qu'il constitue le 7 octobre est composé notamment des muftis chafite et malékite, mais pas des représentants du rite hanafte – offciel dans l'empire ottoman – ni hanbalite – celui des wahhabites. Le 23

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can only disapprove of". In this regard, he promulgated in 1917, in a decree: "In the name of Most Merciful Allah and our prophet Muhammad, we are addressing our Arab brothers (...) to take Armenian refugees in their families, to share with them their belongings – camels, food, shelter, blankets –

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When Sayyid Hussein bin Ali, the Sharif of Mecca, and the Hashemites organized an "Arab" revolt during World War II, he garnered support from across the entire region, including the Levant. By the fall of the Ottoman Empire, the Arabization of the Levant had reached the point that the traditional

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and turned out to be a potent propaganda weapon for the Hashemites, who portrayed the Ottomans as desecrating Islam's most holy site. Hashemite forces in Mecca were joined by Egyptian troops sent by the British, who provided much needed artillery support, and took Mecca on 9 July 1916. Also on 10

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Au Hedjaz, l'émir Hussein tente de faire le ménage pour donner une image correcte de son pays. Il fait tuer les chiens galeux, tente d'assurer la sécurité sur les routes pour ne plus livrer les pèlerins aux bandits qui pullulent, et cherche à dissimuler les marchés aux esclaves qui indignent les

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forces and where Suleiman Pasha, the Ottoman governor of the city, was entrenched. Overall, he was able to defeat the opposing forces. However, during this campaign, he seems to have been shocked by the violence of the Ottoman troops against the revolted and had a heated dispute with the Ottoman

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to the American Diplomatic Agency in Cairo confirming that "...Britain, France and Russia agreed to recognize the Sherif as lawful independent ruler of the Hejaz and to use the title of "King of the Hejaz" when addressing him, and a note to this effect was handed to him on December 10, 1916".

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dispatch, instead set the date as March 7, 1924, and describe Hussein bin Ali being elected as a caliph by Muslims from "Mesopotamia, Transjordan, and Hejaz". A third counting of the official date takes place when he received the homage of the majority of the Arab population in

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He later refused to sign the Anglo-Hashemite Treaty and thus was left in a very precarious position, the British decided progressively to stop supporting him after the proclamation of his caliphate and the refusal to sign any treaty with them. Thus, they decided to support

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Having received a British subsidy totalling £6.5m between 1916 and April 1919, in May 1919, the subsidy was reduced to £100K monthly (from £200K), dropped to £75K from October, £50K in November, £25K in December until February 1920 after which no more payments were made.

2111:, and the Syrian coast. However, at that time, the British scarcely thought about the promises made; their primary concern was winning the war and dismantling the Ottoman Empire. The fate of the Arab populations and the division of territory were left for a future date. 10156:

musulmans français. Officiellement interdits par le gouvernement turc en 1908, ces marchés sont tellement ancrés dans la culture locale qu'ils se poursuivent au vu et au su de tous. On y achète un homme, une femme ou un enfant pour une somme allant de 1 000 à 3 000 F.

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carried out by the Young Turks against the Arabs of the Ottoman Empire, and is not necessarily linked to British support. This support would therefore be contingent and the revolt would have still occurred without their help. This point was shared at the time by

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asked Cairo to procure Hussein's signature to both treaties and agreed to make a payment of £30,000 conditional on signature. Hussein declined and in 1921, stated that he could not be expected to "affix his name to a document assigning Palestine to the

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http://www.presidentialcommissioner.gov.cy/anthropos/anthropos.nsf/All/7572C467177529A1C225842D00303507/$ file/%CE%9F%CE%B9%20%CE%91%CF%81%CE%BC%CE%AD%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF%CE%B9%20%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82%20%CE%9A%CF%8D%CF%80%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%85.pdf?OpenElement

8137:وذكر الوثائقي أنه في 1924م، اندفع الشريف الحسين بن علي متشبثاً برداء النبوة ليعلن نفسه خليفة للمسلمين، فتلقى بيعة واسعة في الحجاز والشام، الأمر الذي زاد من غضب بن سعود، فكان إعلان الخلافة القشة التي قصمت ظهر البعير، فقرر بن سعود غزو الحجاز فوراً. 2635:

letters to the Grand Sherif could not be found; if they are still unavailable it may be somewhat awkward when King Hussein produces the originals. (...) Failing a satisfactory solution King Hussein will have some grounds for considering that

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Representation Of Hedjaz At The Peace Conference: Hussein Bin Ali's Correspondence With Colonel Wilson; Status Of Arabic Countries; King's Rejection Of 'Hedjaz' Title. Paris Peace Conference 1919: Representation Of Hedjaz, Feb. 24, 1919,

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After the fall of Aqaba, the Arab forces, supplemented with British auxiliaries and with the design of joining forces with the British main armies, which were trying to break out of Egypt and Palestine, managed to join them. During the

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aimed at rescuing Armenian deportees. According to testimonies, this method is said to have saved up to 4,000 people from the genocide, in collaboration with Hussein al-Attrache, a Druze chieftain who then disguised the refugees as

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to foreigners". He refused again to accept the Balfour Declaration in 1923, and stated : "I look at the people of Palestine as I look at my own family, without distinction between Muslim, Christian, Jewish, or nationalist".

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For his actions during the Armenian genocide, Hussein was awarded the title of "Righteous of the Armenian genocide" by Armenian researchers. On Friday 24 April 2015, on the occasion of the centennial of the Armenian genocide,

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and persecution of ethnic minorities, including Arabs. In 1916, with the promise of British support for Arab independence, although it is debated as to what extent the British were influential in his choice, he proclaimed the

3448:. A school is named after him in Ma'an. His house in Aqaba was restored in 2023 at the initiative of the Jordanian government and subsequently reopened to the public in 2024. A brigade of the Jordanian army bears his name. 2607:

respectively. Despite their explanations, he stated that Palestine should be included within the borders of the newly founded Arab Kingdom and should refuse Zionist settlers, even if he was ready to accept Jewish people in

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didn't want to allow him being buried there. Local dignitaries and leaders wanted him to be buried in the al-Aqsa mosque compound. This idea was kept and after a procession where 30,000 people took part, he was buried in

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Al-Madrasa al-Arghuniyya: endowed and built by amir Arghun al-Kamili in 1358 (it now houses the tombs of the founder and Sharif Hussein ibn Ali, the Sharif of Mecca and leader of the Arab Revolt during the First World

11635: 11377: 3146:", in a walled enclosure decorated with white marble and carpets. His son Faisal, with whom the relationship was the worse at that point, didn't attend his funerals, claiming he had "government business" to attend to. 8742: 2214:, there ensued over a month of bloody street fighting between the out-numbered, but far better armed Ottoman troops and Hussein's tribesmen. Indiscriminate Ottoman artillery fire, set fire to the veil covering the 2893:, but even provided weapons to Ibn Saud, which eventually took Mecca, Medina, and Jeddah. The British offered several times to assist him and to stop supporting the Saudis, in exchange for his recognition of the 1690:

It seems that this campaign had a very negative impact on how Hussein viewed the Ottoman presence and actions in the Levant, and it is possible that from this moment on, he was already on the verge of rebellion.

2909:, Muslim powers, and Western powers; however, they did not intervene and merely monitored the events. The British were highly negative towards him since he assumed the caliphal title and refused to support him. 10176: 1718:

was the flag of Hussein bin Ali. The flag consists of three horizontal stripes (black, white, and green) and a red triangle on the hoist side. Each color has a symbolic meaning : black represents the

10427:"Sunan Abi Dawud 3052 –Tribute, Spoils, and Rulership (Kitab Al-Kharaj, Wal-Fai' Wal-Imarah) – كتاب الخراج والإمارة والفىء – Sunnah.com – Sayings and Teachings of Prophet Muhammad (صلى الله عليه و سلم)" 2843:

in the event of a conflict, and potentially giving the Red Sea to the British. As a result, the French did not support it at all, preferring to wait and see how events unfolded. Meanwhile, they had the

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All of these points led to a violent rupture between Arab elites and the Ottoman political class, and are reflected in Hussein's later proclamation of independence, where he presented his struggle as a

10080: 12341: 3082:, attended the funeral and started making preparations and requesting the British for his repatriation, believing that he didn't have much time left to live and that they needed to be by his side. 2972:(which was recently transferred from Hijazi to Transjordanian sovereignty by the British). Britain – responding to Ibn Saud's plea that the Sharif be expelled from Aqaba – exiled him from Aqaba to 2983:

from 1925, with his sons coming to visit him at some times, even if his relationships with them were strained, except for Zeid who came to visit him the most. According to the British governor of

10769: 11740: 11261: 11136:وكشف الفيلم عن الاتفاقيات التي تمت بين عبدالعزيز بن سعود وبريطانيا والتي بدأت بالاعتراف باستقلال نجد ومد جيش عبدالعزيز بن سعود بالأموال والأسلحة شرط أن يحارب حلفاء العثمانيين في الجزيرة العربية. 7674:

The legitimacy of his Caliphate is disputed; however, the date of end can be assigned to his loss of the Harayman, in 1925 or to his death, in 1931. Both interpretations can be found in sources.

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was appointed as the Sharif, becoming the first Sharif of the Dhawu Awn branch and ending the centuries-long dominance of the Dhawu Zayd. He reigned until 1851, when he was replaced by Sharif

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population considered him to be a very wealthy man and therefore tried to win his favors. Meanwhile, he was entangled in legal matters regarding property income in Egypt, among other things.

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from Armenian survivor Levon Yotnakhparian, when he discusses the help Hussein provided to the survivors and to save victims. This book subsequently gave birth to a movie of the same name.

2432:, which was already present because of their differences in religious beliefs and with whom he had fought before the First World War, siding with fellow anti-Saudis, the Ottomans in 1910. 8938: 8361: 2764:

the family and prevent them from experiencing financial difficulties. Those who wish to participate in this great endeavor should express their intentions to our representatives in Mecca.

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and was thus arguably one of the most inclusive Islamic Congresses in history. The Congress held twelve sessions before being indefinitely adjourned due to the advance of Saudi forces.

10595: 2047:; over the period 14 July 1915 to 10 March 1916, a total of ten letters, five from each side, were exchanged between Sir Henry McMahon and Sherif Hussein. McMahon was in contact with 12184: 2326:, in September 1918, Hussein's troops led by his son Faisal, joined the British forces and managed to utterly destroy the 4th, 7th and 8th Ottoman armies, and push into retreat the 11677: 12214: 1578:

Following the removal of his predecessor in October and the sudden death of his successor shortly thereafter, Hussein was appointed grand sharif by official decree of the sultan

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Le chérif Hussein accompagne son mouvement insurrectionnel d'une proclamation officielle où il accuse les Ottomans d'impiété, mais sans aborder la question du nationalisme arabe

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Sharifa Abidiya bint Abdullah (died Constantinople, Ottoman Empire, 1888, buried there), eldest daughter of his paternal uncle, Amir Abdullah Kamil Pasha, Grand Sharif of Mecca;

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Starting at the end of the war, Hussein found himself in severe conflict with Britain's views on the subject of Palestine. In January and February 1918, Hussein received the

2227:, a hill station near Mecca, which after an initial repulse settled down into a siege. With the British-Egyptian artillery support, Abdullah took Ta'if on 22 September 1916. 1978:

claims in 1916, after his proclamation of independence, he became the leading figure behind whom the pan-Arabs rallied, and is therefore frequently regarded as the father of

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but wasn't able to take it for a year, thus impeding the operations. During this battle, the Ottomans killed and deported the civilian Arabic population of Medina into the

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Cultural Crossroads in the Middle East: The Historical, Cultural and Political Legacy of Intercultural Dialogue and Conflict from the Ancient Near East to the Present Day

9729: 10648: 10464: 10352: 3106:. There, while in Amman, he published a series of texts in al-Yarmouk, an Arabic newspaper, where he defended his actions and stated once again that he was against the 2685:

as extremist, the British and the Zionist media engaged in press campaigns against Hussein, where his positions were misrepresented. They also engaged heavily against

3200:(Constantinople, Ottoman Empire, 1879 – Larnaca, Cyprus, 12 July 1929, buried there at the Hala Sultan, Umm Haram, Tekke), daughter of Salah Bey and granddaughter of 11406: 8428: 2185:

led Hussein to fear for his life if he was deposed in favour of Ali Haidar. The revolt proper began on 10 June 1916, when Hussein proclaimed the independence of the

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During Abdullah's reign, Hussein became familiar with the politics and intrigue surrounding the Sharifian court. He also participated in numerous expeditions to the

12037: 2707:, Hussein was proclaimed as Caliph. The accounts on the official date and proceedings vary, some place the beginning of the Caliphate on 3 March 1924, when Hussein 12462: 3294: 2048: 8260:

Politically, Pan-Arabism was first endorsed by Sharif Hussein bin Ali (1908–1917), the Sharif of Mecca, who wanted to gain independence from the Ottoman Empire.

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In 1875, he married Abdullah's daughter, Abdiyah, his cousin. In 1877, Abdullah died, and Hussein, along with his cousin Ali ibn Abdullah, received the rank of

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As his health continued to deteriorate and as he was paralyzed by a stroke at age 79 in 1930, the British became increasingly inclined to send him back to the

11225: 2338:, thus leaving the Palestinian and Arabian front without defence, and finally breaking inside the Ottoman Empire. The battle happened at the same time as the 14195: 9997: 9832:

The willingness of the Ottoman government to depose Sayyed Hussein bin Ali, the Sharif of Mecca, only made the gap between the Hashemites and the Turks wider

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Proclamation of independence of Hussein, 27 June 1916. In it, Hussein only used religious reasons, and not nationalist ones, to explain why he was revolting.

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Khayr ad-Dīn az-Ziriklī, « الملك حسين / al-Malik Ḥusayn », dans الأعلام / al-A'lām, vol. 2, Bayrūt , 2002, 15th éd. (1re éd. 1967), 249–250 p.

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as the caliph, on March 11, 1924. Finally, a fourth version places the date on Friday, March 14, 1924, when Hussein is evidently enthroned as caliph in

13798: 11732: 11253: 7910: 2400: 12371: 9616: 3249: 1743:, to which Hussein bin Ali belonged. The flag became a symbol of Arab nationalism and unity and is still used today in various forms in the flags of 1523:, including the skills necessary to withstand the harsh desert environment. During his travels, he also gained a thorough knowledge of the desert's 14190: 10749:

Hussein for his part was willing to allow Jews to settle in Palestine and give them access to the Holy Places, but would not accept a Jewish state.

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Al-Shyyab, Ibrahim Ahmad (2020). Mohammad Ali Ajlouni: A Figure of the Great Arab Revolt (1893–1971). Palarch's Journal Of Archaeology Of Egypt.

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ready to assume the caliph title if necessary, offering the French a caliph who was more aligned with their interests, albeit less significant.

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where he read a letter in which "Husayn ibn Ali was recognized as sovereign of the Arab nation. Then all those present arose and proclaimed him

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Sharifa Khadija bint Abdullah (1866 – Amman, Transjordan, 4 July 1921), second daughter of Amir Abdullah Kamil Pasha, Grand Sharif of Mecca;

2916:, briefly assumed the throne of the Hejaz, but then he too had to flee from the encroachment of the Saudi forces. Another of Hussein's sons, 9794: 14100: 12176: 1928:. The relationship between Hussein and the Committee of Union and Progress worsened even more after the discovery and foiling of a plot by 10376:, Raeda Al-Nahar, Department of English Language and Literature Faculty of Arts, Middle East University for Graduate Studies, April, 2009 7694: 14200: 12983: 11800: 11693:

Strohmeier, Martin (3 September 2019). "The exile of Husayn b. Ali, ex-sharif of Mecca and ex-king of the Hijaz, in Cyprus (1925–1930)".

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Strohmeier, Martin (3 September 2019). "The exile of Husayn b. Ali, ex-sharif of Mecca and ex-king of the Hijaz, in Cyprus (1925–1930)".

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Strohmeier, Martin (3 September 2019). "The exile of Husayn b. Ali, ex-sharif of Mecca and ex-king of the Hijaz, in Cyprus (1925–1930)".

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Strohmeier, Martin (3 September 2019). "The exile of Husayn b. Ali, ex-sharif of Mecca and ex-king of the Hijaz, in Cyprus (1925–1930)".

8339: 7755: 9143:"Armenian National Institute -- ARABIC LANGUAGE ARMENIAN GENOCIDE SOURCE MATERIALS NOW AVAILABLE ON ARMENIAN NATIONAL INSTITUTE WEBSITE" 8043:"Al-Sharif, Al-Hussein Bin Ali between the Zionists and the Palestinians in 1924 A decisive year in the political history of Al-Hussein" 2497:. First, he condemned the genocide publicly as early as 1916, stating "We specifically bring to the world's condemnation the atrocities 13783: 13211: 12206: 9219: 8970:

History, Grades 10‒12, Chapters in the Modern History of the Middle East, George Salama, Maktabat Al-Khouri (Permit: 317), 2009, p. 73.

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Teitelbaum, Joshua (1998). "Sharif Husayn ibn Ali and the Hashemite Vision of the Post-Ottoman Order: From Chieftaincy to Suzerainty".

2051: 10954: 13778: 11998: 2968:. During this period, King Hussein is described as having taken over control that his son wielded, and therefore was sent to live in 2898: 2452:. He also addressed the issue of stray dogs, attempted to ensure the security of the Hajj routes, and sought to combat the prevalent 2275:, King of the Arabs". During the whole duration of the war, Hussein's troops stayed underequipped and lacking artillery – which the 14210: 13908: 13838: 13803: 10698: 10380: 9476: 9054: 2681:

and a British colonel. Despite having welcomed them with respect, he would not change his position. As his stance was seen by the

14165: 13768: 12921: 8913: 8086: 2840: 815: 8771:. Thomas Leiper Kane Collection. London: issued under the auspices of the Royal Institute of International Affairs Oxford U.P. 13280: 11915: 10885:"Factors of stability and sustainable development in Jordan in its first centenary 1921–2021 (an analytical descriptive study)" 9721: 1998: 17: 10645: 1437:

Muhammad was reinstated to power in 1856, and Hussein, then two or three years old, accompanied his father and grandfather to

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of the Kingdom of Hejaz. In October 1924, facing defeat by Ibn Saud, he abdicated and was succeeded as king by his eldest son

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up to 1914 and was convinced that it was necessary to separate from the increasingly nationalistic Ottoman administration.

2249:, future Abdullah I of Jordan. Hussein mostly stayed in Mecca to direct the operations, while his sons were fighting. The 14140: 13818: 13763: 12697: 11619: 11361: 10804:

Schiocchet, Leonardo (August 2011). "Far Middle East, brave new world: the building of the Middle East the Arab Spring".

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The sons of Sharif Hussein, King of Hejaz: King Ali of Hejaz and King Faisal I of Iraq and King Abdullah I of Transjordan

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To reinforce his proclamation and establish legal foundations for his caliphate, Hussein convened an Islamic Congress at

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rule of France and the United Kingdom. The British Government subsequently made Faisal and his brother Abdullah kings of

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after his father's death, at a young age, when his uncle Sharif Abdullah called them back, with his mother in 1861–1862.

12552: 12522: 14180: 14135: 13758: 12454: 10206: 3205: 2901:, the British not only supported Ibn Saud against Hussein bin Ali but they also supported him subsequently against the 2886: 2010: 12431: 11055:. Social, economic, and political studies of the Middle East and Asia. Translated by Greenman, Joseph. Leiden: Brill. 8620:"5.A Case Study in Centralization: The Hijaz under Young Turk Rule, 1908–1914, The Grand Sharifate of Husayn Ibn 'Ali" 2572: 14170: 14080: 14075: 13900: 13823: 12786: 12635: 9111:

Late Ottoman genocides: the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire and Young Turkish population and extermination policies

2385: 2077: 880: 62: 12582: 12146: 10849:"Correspondance d'Orient: revue économique, politique & littéraire / directeurs: Chekri-Ganem, Dr Georges Samné" 9142: 2310:

quickly and this allowed them to project themselves farther; they still ambushed Ottoman troops, such as during the

13688: 13680: 13344: 12273: 12244: 12068: 11946: 11217: 6911: 3956: 1784: 1453:

Hussein was raised at home, unlike other Hashemite youth who were typically sent outside the city to grow up among

480: 31: 9989: 9760: 9683: 14220: 14205: 8619: 7602: 3546: 3425: 3058: 2704: 2170: 1616: 1204: 1072: 13426: 10667: 10486: 10396: 2538:

what was happening. He also supported Armenian survivors and provided men and protection for expeditions in the

14145: 13848: 13204: 13083: 13044: 11596: 10518:"Armenian Diaspora in Jordan between the 'Myth of Return' and Reality in Transnationalism Era Randa Musharbash" 9753:"Agrégation d'histoire, agrégation de géographie et CAPES d'histoire-géographie Le Moyen-Orient de 1876 à 1980" 3135: 3075: 3034:

He tried to be friendly towards the various ethnic communities on the island but was particularly close to the

2973: 2073: 2062: 1293: 1017: 281: 228: 145: 110: 10434: 8982:"Türk Standartları Enstitüsünün (TSE) Kuruluşu Bağlamında Türkiye'de Standardizasyon Politikaları (1923–1960)" 14155: 14085: 3834: 2624: 2354:. Since the war was seemingly won, and the Ottoman defences were crumbling, Faisal projected himself towards 751: 13416: 13396: 13376: 8906:"Image 9 of The king of Hedjaz and Arab independence, with a facsimile of the proclamation of June 27, 1916" 7977: 7902: 2291:

in the desert ; for example by severing Ottoman supplies with the bombings of specific sections of the

13793: 13753: 13743: 13292: 12363: 10266:"The Unique Document of the Emir of Mecca from 1917: "Help the Armenians How You Would Help Your Brothers"" 9608: 8939:"Source Records of the Great War Sharif Hussein's Proclamation of Independence from Turkey, 27th June 1916" 8362:"Source Records of the Great War Sharif Hussein's Proclamation of Independence from Turkey, 27th June 1916" 6745: 3852: 2197: 1615:

Hussein bin Ali brings a holy carpet to Jerusalem in 1914; The Sharif can be seen in the carriage with the

1423: 1368: 1225: 783: 13309: 9167:

Shirinian, George N. (2015). "Turks Who Saved Armenians: Righteous Muslims during the Armenian Genocide".

1967:. They assured him of their support in case of revolt and recognized Hussein as the representative of the 13918: 13748: 13738: 12960: 3460: 2534: 2280: 830: 657: 10265: 10114: 3164:'Haḏa qabru ʾamīri ʾal-mūˈminīna ʾal-Ḥusayn bnu ʿAlī' which translates "This is the tomb of the 1430:

of the Dhawu Zayd. After being deposed, he sent his family and sons to reside in the Ottoman capital of

14225: 14160: 13889: 13882: 13813: 13492: 13254: 12846: 8406: 7935:

Mousa, Suleiman (1978). "A Matter of Principle: King Hussein of the Hijaz and the Arabs of Palestine".

7718:"Part II. The Emergence of Nationalism: Politics and Power – Nationalism in the Middle East, 1876–1945" 3498: 2733: 2153: 2122:

should not be overestimated. The deep-rooted reason for the Arab revolt, according to him, remains the

2058: 1683: 1664: 1427: 1154: 870: 11675:

https://www.aalalbayt.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/The-Papers-of-al-Sharif-Hussein-bin-Ali-ebook.pdf

11534: 2747: 2298: 2283:, among others. This lack of artillery and high mobility ; since most of the troops were mounted 2230: 14175: 14042: 13843: 13733: 13630: 13319: 13297: 13197: 11662: 8277:

The emergence of Arab nationalism; with a background study of Arab-Turkish relations in the Near East

7702: 7511: 7411: 7388: 7259: 7236: 7092: 7069: 7044: 6906: 3341: 3323: 3228: 3090: 2845: 1253: 1181:

alike. However, he received support from a large part of the Muslim population of that time and from

965: 677: 12881:

Arabia infelix: Britain Sharif Hussein and the lost opportunities of Anglo-Arab relations, 1916–1924

2732:

during the Friday prayer. In any case, all sources agree on a date in March 1924, shortly after the

14125: 13351: 13105: 12115: 10517: 10081:"The Battle of Dobro Polje – The Forgotten Balkan Skirmish That Ended WW1 – MilitaryHistoryNow.com" 9212:"From Pre-Islam to Mandate States: Examining Cultural Imperialism and Cultural Bleed in the Levant" 7434: 7282: 5593: 3583: 2913: 2869:

His Caliphate only lasted for a few months, though, because he was invaded and defeated quickly by

2323: 2080: 1237: 897: 697: 2335: 1469:. Among his teachers was Sheikh Muhammad Mahmud at-Turkizi ash-Shinqiti, with whom he studied the 14130: 14110: 14004: 13923: 13708: 9786: 7733: 7118: 3406: 3385:

In the early 21st century, Hussein was a regular character in the 'burgeoning' Jordanian cinema.

3315: 2890: 2367: 1715: 1672: 1668: 1289: 1158: 492: 11148:

Nuruzzaman, Mohammed (4 May 2017). "Conflicts in Sunni Political Islam and Their Implications".

1406:

in 1201 and were the last of the four branches of Hashemite sharifs who, together, had governed

1224:

and limiting the power of the sultan-caliph. While his armies, led by his sons, were engaged in

13431: 12401: 11053:

Islamic ecumenism in the 20th century: the Azhar and Shiism between rapprochement and restraint

8402: 7609: 3541: 3322:

upon his assassination in 1958, but never actually ruled as Iraq became a republic. Married to

2957: 2812: 2774: 2716: 2580: 2441: 2409: 2279:

didn't want to give, seing that front as utopical and not as important as the fight was in the

2211: 1871: 1820: 1277: 1170: 1098: 946: 712: 217: 11784: 11621:

Conflict and Peace in the Middle East: National Perceptions and United States-Jordan Relations

11400: 8392: 8309: 7741: 7717: 3201: 2241:

After this, and for most of the war, Hussein's sons directed the fighting ; most notably

14065: 13989: 13723: 13718: 13595: 13575: 13386: 13356: 13033: 12900: 12838: 12021: 11889: 8398: 7516: 3534: 3486: 3481: 3452: 3184:

Hussein, who had four wives, fathered five sons and three daughters with three of his wives:

3107: 3008: 2604: 2276: 2162: 1989:, Hussein initially remained allied with the Ottomans but began secret negotiations with the 1878:, who were the largest minority in the Empire, and was openly criticized by Hussein bin Ali. 1808: 1587: 1308:, on 23 December 1925, Hussein surrendered to the Saudis, bringing the Kingdom of Hejaz, the 1193: 941: 766: 550: 505: 8875: 3363: 2115: 2054:

throughout, and Grey was to authorise and be ultimately responsible for the correspondence.

1367:

in 1853 or 1854. He was the eldest son of Sharif Ali bin Muhammad, who is the second son of

1327:

kept him prisoner until his health deteriorated so much that they allowed him to go back to

14150: 14095: 14070: 14024: 13994: 13954: 13949: 13853: 13728: 13565: 12455:"King visits Al Husseini Mosque upon returning to Jordan to check aftermath of recent fire" 12334:"Lebanese Sunni Muslim Leader Speaks out on Armenian Genocide and Turkey's Founder Ataturk" 10896: 10646:

https://www.randomlengthsnews.com/archives/2017/03/17/journey-armenian-genocide-crows/16602

9211: 7635: 7074: 5938: 5419: 3648: 3464: 3237: 3079: 2961: 2929: 2712: 2645: 2506:

and share everything that you have in excess, and everything that you can give to people."

2246: 2220: 2040: 1994: 1768: 1332: 1273: 1241: 289: 11994: 9402:

Empire of the Hajj: Pilgrims, Plagues, and Pan-Islam under British Surveillance, 1865–1926

8200: 7973:

The idea of an Arab caliphate in British Middle Eastern policy in the era of the Great War

2440:

Hussein initiated a series of reforms, including measures to avoid offending Muslims from

1866:, which demonstrated their hostility towards the project. Furthermore, in April 1915, the 1795:

Although there is no formal evidence suggesting that Hussein bin Ali was inclined towards

8: 14014: 13371: 13304: 11875: 11660:

The Papers of Al-Sharif Hussein Bin Ali, Documents published together for the first time,

8624:

Arabs and Young Turks: Ottomanism, Arabism, and Islamism in the Ottoman Empire, 1908–1918

7640: 6280: 5680: 3576: 3267: 3165: 3159: 2996: 2965: 2933: 2894: 2832: 2708: 2698: 2686: 2600: 2363: 2355: 2327: 2311: 2192: 2104: 2100: 1872:

policy of extermination of the minorities in the Ottoman Empire through various genocides

1800: 1313: 1265: 1245: 1150: 1065: 951: 585: 485: 240: 152: 10927: 10900: 10884: 3436:

Several mosques bear his name to the present day, such as the Hussein bin Ali mosque in

2649: 14105: 14019: 13999: 13959: 13875: 13858: 13833: 13640: 13451: 13441: 13421: 13391: 13366: 11710: 11515: 11445: 11339: 11165: 11093: 10813: 10740: 10377: 9550: 9472: 9262: 9192: 9184: 9046: 9003: 8497: 8467: 7952: 7851: 4121: 4044: 3241: 2609: 2359: 2174: 2136: 2092: 2088: 1867: 1776: 1624: 1565: 1516: 1474: 1399: 1309: 1249: 975: 932: 902: 885: 860: 805: 761: 473: 13635: 8905: 8078: 14115: 13979: 13670: 13605: 13520: 13500: 13098: 12938: 12930: 12892: 12888: 12869: 12850: 12782: 12740: 12301: 12095: 12027: 11879: 11790: 11766: 11714: 11666: 11625: 11564: 11519: 11449: 11367: 11343: 11290: 11169: 11097: 11056: 11032: 11022: 10994: 10932: 10914: 10699:"The McMahon–Hussein Correspondence – Phase one of the Middle East Partition Process" 10625: 10144: 10060: 9942: 9870: 9648: 9575: 9505: 9454: 9444: 9380: 9350: 9325: 9295: 9285: 9196: 9124: 9114: 9091: 9081: 9026: 9007: 8815: 8805: 8782: 8772: 8681: 8627: 8559: 8471: 8420: 8410: 8331: 8290: 8280: 8251: 8241: 8180: 8170: 8004: 7956: 7884: 7874: 7811: 7801: 7745: 7695:"IRAQ – Resurgence In The Shiite World – Part 8 – Jordan & The Hashemite Factors" 7393: 5852: 3558: 3522: 3394: 3379: 3319: 3071: 3054:

Chief mourners at funeral of Hussein. His sons King Ali and Emir Abdullah among crowd

3012: 2906: 2828: 2797: 2514: 2494: 2480: 2288: 2132: 2108: 2084: 1948: 1660: 1632: 1488: 1233: 1146: 1138: 1026: 1012: 980: 927: 840: 800: 662: 273: 135: 11907: 10817: 10620:

Yotnakhparian, Levon; Chinpashean, Ishkhan; Parian, Levon; Parian, Benjamin (2012).

3424:

Maher Hammoud referenced Hussein bin Ali in his sermon condemning the genocide. The

3405:

as an example of tolerance and friendship between people also stressed by Jordanian

13913: 13620: 13585: 13555: 13550: 13525: 13334: 13220: 13132: 12884: 11995:"The Poet of Humanity and Gypsies, Arar the Leading Jordanian poet Among his Peers" 11763:

Eastward to Tartary : travels in the Balkans, the Middle East and the Caucasus

11702: 11507: 11437: 11331: 11157: 11089: 11085: 10922: 10904: 10169:"Asharq Al-Awsat Examines Grand Mosque's Architecture since the Prophet's Conquest" 9934: 9821: 9405: 9254: 9233:

tribal leadership was willing to accept the rule of the Hashemite family of Arabia.

9176: 8993: 8459: 8321: 8238:

Globalisation of nationalism: the motive-force behind twenty-first century politics

8054: 7944: 7843: 7737: 7103: 7097: 7056: 6921: 5258: 3510: 3402: 3263: 3139: 3043: 3020: 2992: 2917: 2586: 2379: 2339: 2242: 2235: 2186: 2178: 2032: 1956: 1796: 1570: 1403: 1269: 825: 820: 771: 756: 741: 650: 529: 380: 308: 297: 232: 58: 54: 13149: 12926: 11706: 11511: 11441: 11335: 11161: 10909: 10848: 8463: 1582:

in November 1908. However, the situation was peculiar for Hussein, who arrived in

13964: 13933: 13928: 13773: 13713: 13660: 13590: 13570: 13545: 13535: 13436: 13314: 13073: 12956: 12904: 12776: 12295: 11827: 11681: 11579: 11284: 10652: 10384: 10295: 9864: 9642: 9569: 9499: 7645: 7423: 7289: 7271: 7241: 7223: 7216: 7125: 7107: 6917: 6752: 6287: 6201: 6116: 6029: 5945: 5859: 5773: 5766: 5687: 5600: 5513: 5426: 5265: 4201: 3731: 3340:

Hussein wrote extensively, his most important papers were published in a book by

3150: 3122: 3103: 2948:

Hussein bin Ali posing with his retinue and his horses during his exile in Cyprus

2737: 2592: 2576: 2464: 2351: 2307: 2254: 1736: 1728: 1720: 1372: 1257: 1134: 1089: 1007: 960: 776: 736: 725: 707: 610: 555: 468: 117: 11893: 9938: 9441:

Divided loyalties: nationalism and mass politics in Syria at the close of Empire

2563:

In the aftermath of the war, the Arabs found themselves freed from centuries of

2389: 13969: 13808: 13703: 13698: 13665: 13655: 13645: 13615: 13540: 13530: 13411: 13339: 13234: 11363:

Storm from the East: The Struggle Between the Arab World and the Christian West

9245:

Shamir, Shimon (1974). "Midhat Pasha and the Anti-Turkish Agitation in Syria".

7650: 7523: 7400: 7248: 7081: 3493: 3398: 3275: 3224: 3016: 2824: 2682: 2620: 2596: 2564: 2498: 2468: 2467:

in 1920 and a restoration of the mosques of Palestine and more specifically of

2445: 2315: 2165:

immediately, because of information that he would soon be deposed as Sharif of

2119: 2069: 1990: 1952: 1941: 1925: 1905: 1882: 1847: 1804: 1579: 1431: 1364: 1324: 1261: 1217: 1200: 1166: 1142: 1058: 920: 907: 865: 810: 424: 392: 198: 194: 12896: 12691: 11036: 9757:

Agrégation d'histoire, agrégation de géographie et CAPES d'histoire-géographie

9299: 9258: 9076:

Khalidi, Rashid; Anderson, Lisa; Muslih, Muhammad Y.; Simon, Reeva S. (1991).

8184: 7948: 7888: 7847: 3553: 3529: 2521:

from persecution and allow them to settle in peace, in which he ordered :

14059: 13974: 13600: 13580: 13515: 13467: 13381: 13037: 12942: 12544: 12514: 11076:

Lapidoth, Ruth (2015). "A Recent Agreement on the Holy Places in Jerusalem".

10918: 9128: 8819: 8424: 8335: 8255: 7729: 7264: 6109: 4114: 3517: 3271: 3176: 2988: 2921: 2637: 2632: 2568: 2552: 2539: 2292: 2258: 2096: 2044: 2043:

advocated action and encouraged his father to enter into correspondence with

2020: 1909: 1843: 1828: 1640: 1636: 1628: 1548: 1482: 1470: 1384: 1297: 1208: 985: 890: 850: 170: 82: 10644:"A Journey Through the Armenian Genocide", by Melina Paris, March 17, 2017, 10198: 9458: 9095: 8706:الشريف الحسين بن علي والخلافة / ash-Sharīf al-Ḥusayn ibn 'Alī wa-al-khilāfah 8490:

Mecca in the XIVth century after the Hegire / مكة في القرن الرابع عشر الهجري

8326: 8059: 8042: 7815: 2944: 2936:. While he was in exile, he still used the title of caliph until his death. 2784:, on the approval given to Hussein's caliphate by Vehideddin, a nickname of 1912:, where Arab intellectuals and newspapers called for the restoration of the 14009: 13650: 13510: 13505: 13361: 13287: 13239: 12987: 12772: 12423: 10936: 8541:الشريف الحسين بن علي والخلافة: ash-Sharīf al-Ḥusayn ibn 'Alī wa-al-khilāfah 7049: 5506: 3505: 3375: 3279: 3216: 3197: 3143: 3067: 2925: 2836: 2823:

viewed this proclamation as "the worst possible solution," in the words of

2453: 2036: 1921: 1901: 1863: 1862:. It was built under constant threat of Arab raids, such as those from the 1551:—where he aligned with the conservative faction—and hoping to return home. 1457:

nomads. Apparently a diligent young man, he mastered the principles of the

1411: 1395: 1126: 1046: 992: 729: 461: 450: 323: 263: 71: 11283:

Sazonov, Vladimir; Mölder, Holger; Espak, Peeter; Saumets, Andres (2020).

10168: 8998: 8981: 8786: 8294: 8223:, link.gale.com/apps/doc/SC5111548903/GDCS.GRC?pg=5. Accessed 17 May 2023. 8219:

Internal Affairs of Turkey, 1910–1929. National Archives (United States).

3382:, one of the most prominents Jordanian poets, who wrote a poem about him. 2265:", or mobilization. On 30 October 1916, Emir Abdullah called a meeting of 1434:.It was there that Hussein was born to Muhammad's son, Ali, in 1853–1854. 13625: 13482: 13329: 13324: 13270: 13249: 13140: 13020: 12809: 12574: 12060: 11938: 11867: 10762:"Challenges facing Jordan: Does history repeat itself at the centennial?" 3378:, nicknamed the Prince of Poets, who wrote a poem about his funerals and 3099: 3039: 2882: 2856: 2835:. They believed that having a new influential caliph could risk reviving 2792:

more generally Arabic Muslim population. He also received the support of

2678: 2393: 2262: 2250: 2148: 2123: 1986: 1979: 1975: 1929: 1832: 1705: 1591: 1388: 1213: 1186: 1130: 788: 746: 670: 405: 361: 12718:

O'Toole, Wing Commander E.H. (March 1964). "Collar of Hussein bin Ali".

12267: 12236: 10744: 10553:"'Crows of the Desert' Sheds Light on Little-Known Hero of the Genocide" 9684:"Sharif Hussein and the campaign for a modern Arab empire | Aeon Essays" 9554: 9188: 8802:

Arab patriotism: the ideology and culture of power in late Ottoman Egypt

3070:, passed away in 1929, which exacerbated his illness. She was buried at 2768: 2302:

A flag bearer mounted on a camel leading the triumphal entry into Aqaba.

1854:

and provide a rapid response capability to reinforce their garrisons in

13560: 13477: 13472: 13401: 10059:. Contributions in military studies. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press. 9826: 9752: 9266: 9180: 8583:(in Arabic). Al-Qāhirah Cairo: al-Maṭba'ah al-'Arabīyah wa-Maktabatuhā. 7855: 3599: 3344:. Otherwise, he is known to have written a large series of articles in 2860: 2331: 1968: 1894: 1812: 1780: 1740: 1376: 1358: 793: 335: 12545:"العيسوي يتفقد مشروع اعادة تأهيل بيت الشريف الحسين بن علي طيب بالعقبة" 12116:"King receives Armenian president | King Abdullah II Official Website" 8308:

AL-Maaytah, Dr Khaled Salameh; Hjazeen, Dr Hazem Bsharah Naif (2024).

1220:, accusing the Committee of Union and Progress of violating tenets of 1203:. His relationship with the Ottoman government deteriorated after the 13244: 12978: 9409: 8678:

From ottomanism to arabism: essays on the origins of Arab nationalism

7416: 3131: 3114: 3035: 2806: 2793: 2785: 2780: 2571:, but this kingdom proved short-lived, as the Middle East came under 2518: 2490: 1913: 1710: 1644: 1301: 1229: 1182: 1178: 692: 236: 12575:"العيسوي يتفقد مشروع تأهيل بيت الشريف الحسين بن علي في العقبة - صور" 11592: 10731:

Bolton, Kerry R (2015). "Western Duplicity And Middle East Crises".

10619: 10327:كليب سعود الفواز، المراسلات المتبادلة بين الشريف حسين والعثمانيين، ص 10057:

Ordered to die: a history of the Ottoman army in the First World War

8850: 3393:

His role in the support of Armenian refugees, especially during the

3003:. He rarely left his home, lived an austere lifestyle, and read the 2189:

and ordered his supporters to attack the Ottoman garrison in Mecca.

2142: 2068:, appealed to him for assistance in the conflict on the side of the 1519:

then exerted a loose form of control. He learned the customs of the

1387:. His mother, Salah Bani-Shahar, the wife of Ali, would have been a 13984: 13693: 13189: 12269:

Crows of the Desert: A Hero's Journey through the Armenian Genocide

10426: 8310:"State Building in Ancient and Contemporary Arab Political Thought" 3949: 3441: 3346: 3149:

On the window above his tomb is written the following inscription:

3126: 2870: 2548: 2429: 2347: 2224: 2182: 2028: 1964: 1960: 1937: 1724: 1535:) of the Bedouins. He also practiced horseback riding and hunting. 1394:

He belonged to the Dhawu Awn clan of the Abadilah, a branch of the

1380: 1285: 1002: 970: 684: 618: 12237:"Prince El Hassan Congratulates Christians in Jordan on Christmas" 9818:

A history of Anti-partitionist Perspectives in Palestine 1915–1988

9347:

British miscalculations: the rise of Muslim nationalism, 1918-1925

8723:(in Arabic). al-Qāhirah : al-Maṭba'ah al-'Arabīyah wa-Maktabatuhā. 8083:

Telemme – Temps, espaces, langages Europe méridionale-Méditerranée

7798:

The new Islamic dynasties: a chronological and genealogical manual

1531:

and composed poems in humayni verse, a type of vernacular poetry (

1363:

Hussein bin Ali bin Muhammad bin Abd al-Mu'in bin Awn was born in

12736:

Orders, Decorations and Medals of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan

7971: 4063: 3456: 3418: 3026: 2980: 2912:

He chose to abdicate. After his abdication, another of his sons,

2881:

Although the British had supported Hussein from the start of the

2863: 2729: 2720: 2674: 2658: 2343: 2284: 1917: 1890: 1816: 1699: 1648: 1520: 1454: 1336: 1174: 835: 512: 330: 318: 12515:"مدرستا الحسين بن علي والصحابة إلى نهائي مسابقة المعرفة الوطنية" 12424:"صحيفة عمون: الملك يزور مسجد الشريف الحسين بن علي في معان (صور)" 10105: 9644:

The Erasure of Arab Political Identity: Colonialism and Violence

8876:"L'Histoire de l'émirat Idrisside en Arabie - The Moorish Times" 3274:

born 1912 died 4 April 1939, married his first cousin, Princess

2587:

The issue of Palestine and deterioration in British relationship

13163: 12207:"Jordan, Armenia deep friendship rooted in rich history — King" 12094:. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY: Routledge. p. 1979. 7725: 3468: 3421: 2984: 2902: 2820: 2751: 2741: 2526: 2502: 2267: 1885:

became so violent that they overshadowed those that existed in

1859: 1824: 1756: 1748: 1600: 1596: 1532: 1492: 1466: 1462: 1458: 1320: 1305: 1162: 855: 845: 634: 602: 594: 579: 573: 457: 12272:(Documentary), Travis, Ara Madzounian, Matrix Communications, 3397:, led him to be cited in 2014 and 2020 by Armenian Presidents 3066:

He began to fall ill as early as 1928, but his favorite wife,

13788: 9963:"Book by Saudi author unravels Ottoman atrocities in Madinah" 9571:

Britain, the Hashemites and Arab Rule: The Sherifian Solution

8153:. Jeddah: British Secret Service. p. FO 371/100CWE 3356. 3445: 3437: 3368: 3118: 3004: 3000: 2969: 2953: 2852: 2755: 2725: 2670: 2662: 2544: 2510: 2457: 2421: 2413: 2405: 2318:

against Arabian civilians, instead of taking them prisoners.

2215: 2203: 2166: 2127: 1886: 1875: 1855: 1851: 1836: 1788: 1772: 1764: 1760: 1744: 1732: 1583: 1544: 1528: 1524: 1512: 1496: 1478: 1442: 1438: 1407: 1335:. He died in Amman in 1931 and was buried as a Caliph in the 1328: 1221: 997: 875: 566: 524: 517: 440: 432: 213: 11563:Οι Αρμενιοι της Κυπρος, Αλέξανδρος-Μιχαήλ Χατζηλύρας, 2016, 10588:"Levon Yotnakhparian, as told by his grandson, Levon Parian" 3038:

of the island, seeing them as victims, like himself, of the

2015: 12294:

DDYAN, GRARD; Demirdjia, Ago; Saleh, Nabil (29 June 2023).

9541:

Ferro, Maurice (1947). "Puissance et Faiblesses do Monde".

3011:, who wanted to write his biography, or the Jordanian poet 2734:

abolition of the Ottoman caliphate by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk

2623:

were not disposed to fulfill their promises to Hussein, as

2449: 1752: 1679: 1659:

In 1911, Hussein became involved in an Ottoman campaign in

1508: 1122: 626: 534: 12974:

al-Ḥusayn ibn 'Alī ibn Muḥammad ibn 'Abd al-Mu'īn ibn 'Awn

12605:"منزل الشريف حسين.. إضافة نوعية للسياحة التاريخية بالعقبة" 9962: 9075: 9047:"Genocide Museum | The Armenian Genocide Museum-institute" 7786:

FO 608/97-0068 The National Archives (Kew, United Kingdom)

3451:

In 2020, a documentary was made about him and his life by

3042:. Hussein did not have any documented connection with the 2489:

Starting from 1917, Hussein made decisions to protect the

11322:

Bar, Shmuel (2016). "The implications of the Caliphate".

11282: 8851:"الثورات المناهضة للوجود العثماني في اليمن (1910- 1914م)" 4037: 3155:هَذَا قَبْرُ أَمِيرِ ٱلْمُؤْمِنِينَ ٱلْحُسَيْن بْنُ عَلِي 3074:, the largest Muslim shrine on the island. His two sons, 2816:, that reported that he supported him as the new Caliph. 1959:, met with the leaders of the revolutionary organization 1296:. After Hejaz was subsequently completely invaded by the 1226:

fighting the Ottoman and German troops in the Middle East

12957:

Newspaper clippings about Hussein bin Ali, King of Hejaz

11872:

The Arabic Press and Nationalism in Palestine, 1920-1948

10113:(Report). US State Department. p. 7. Archived from 9915: 9913: 9911: 9909: 9907: 2173:, leader of the rival Zaʻid family. The much-publicized 2031:

between Hussein and his sons in June 1915, during which

12919:

Longrigg, Steven Helmsley; Ochsenwald, William (2021).

12866:

The Rise and Fall of the Hashemite Kingdom of the Hijaz

10622:

Crows of the desert: the memoirs of Levon Yotnakhparian

8718: 8659: 8657: 8655: 8601: 8599: 8578: 7873:. New York: Columbia University Press. pp. 80–86. 3113:

He died on June 4, 1931. Hussein bin Ali was buried in

2876: 2555: ; even if that meant impeding on the war effort. 2358:

the 1st of October 1918. After this, he engaged in the

2306:

After the fall of Medina, the Arab troops were able to

2202:

depicting the sons of Hussein bin Ali as they liberate

2139:, even though he was a sympathizer of the Young Turks. 10331:

Correspondence between Sharif Hussein and the Ottomans

10199:"فلسطين بقيت حاضرة في سيرة الشريف الحسين بن علي ..صور" 8148: 7800:. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. p. 212. 2599:

in response to his requests for an explanation of the

1207:

took power, particularly because of their policies of

1157:

in 1924 and stayed in power until 1925 when Hejaz was

14121:

Honorary Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath

9904: 8703: 8538: 2648:. In August 1920, five days after the signing of the 1667:, who had recently revolted there and proclaimed the 12393: 11355: 11353: 10378:

https://meu.edu.jo/libraryTheses/586cbba72c0b5_1.pdf

9866:

The Arab Revolt 1916–18: Lawrence sets Arabia ablaze

9529:

1916 Sykes–Picot Pact signed by Britain and France.

8652: 8596: 8515: 8513: 3258:, married a European Muslim businessman from France. 1149:, even if he refused this title, from 1916 to 1924. 1103: 12662:""مملكة الحجاز".. وقــصـــة الـغــزو المـســلّـــح" 12293: 12145:Mirror-Spectator, The Armenian (13 February 2020). 11185:""مملكة الحجاز".. وقــصـــة الـغــزو المـســلّـــح" 11116:""مملكة الحجاز".. وقــصـــة الـغــزو المـســلّـــح" 11019:

Islam assembled the advent of the Muslim Congresses

8167:

Islam assembled the advent of the Muslim Congresses

8117:""مملكة الحجاز".. وقــصـــة الـغــزو المـســلّـــح" 7871:

Islam assembled the advent of the Muslim Congresses

3212:With his first wife Abidiya bint Abdullah, he had: 2889:, they not only chose not to help him to repel the 2736:. Separately, he made statements in support of the 2424:, he also declared himself King of the Arab lands ( 1185:. He is usually considered as the father of modern 13799:General Military Council for Iraqi Revolutionaries 12920: 12918: 11848: 10733:World Affairs: The Journal of International Issues 10668:"Peacemaker: The legacy of King Hussein of Jordan" 10374:Language Maintenance among the Armenians of Jordan 9990:"Seferberlik Fakhri Pasha and the siege of Medina" 9370: 9368: 9366: 3015:, among others. Hussein was ruined, but the local 2493:refugees and those residing in his lands from the 2350:defences, thus opening the Balkans and ultimately 1121:; 1 May 1854 – 4 June 1931) was an 12843:Mecca: A Literary History of the Muslim Holy Land 11350: 8986:History Studies: International Journal of History 8510: 8394:Mecca: A Literary History of the Muslim Holy Land 8307: 8198: 8036: 8034: 8032: 8030: 8028: 8026: 8024: 8022: 8020: 7937:International Journal of Middle East Studies 7722:The Oxford Handbook of the History of Nationalism 3455:, which was seen more than five million times on 2143:The Arab Revolt proper, June 1916 to October 1918 1663:; the Young Turks requested his support to fight 14057: 12144: 10991:Djihad 1914–1918: la France face au panislamisme 10624:. Tujunga (Calif.): Parian photographic design. 10141:Djihad 1914–1918: la France face au panislamisme 9108: 8001:Djihad 1914–1918: la France face au panislamisme 2991:, when he went to see Hussein, he found his son 2485:Rescue of Armenians during the Armenian genocide 2004: 12019: 11969:"Award Named After Poet Mustafa Wahbi Tal Arar" 11866: 11829:الشريف الحسين الرضي والخلافة لنضال داود المومني 11665:, Mohammad Yunes Al-Abbadi, Lamya Al-Khraisha. 10955:"How Did the Ottoman Dynasty Survive in Exile?" 10324: 9363: 9109:Schaller, Dominik J.; Zimmerer, Jürgen (2009). 8910:Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. 20540 USA 3240:, Emir (later King) of Transjordan, married to 2897:, which he refused each time. According to the 2463:He undertook the last major restoration of the 1196:, Hussein was appointed Sharif of Mecca by the 127:1 November 1908 – 3 October 1924 12659: 12609:جريدة الغد | مصدرك الأول لأخبار الأردن والعالم 12147:"Jordan's King in 'Historic' Visit to Armenia" 11593:"The Armenian Genocide and Cyprus (1915–1930)" 11182: 11113: 11050: 9023:Cairo 1921: ten days that made the Middle East 8235: 8114: 8077:Hanne, Olivier (17 November 2016). SPM (ed.). 8017: 2509:In April 1918, as part of his conquest of the 1700:Pan-Arabism and relationship with the Ottomans 1252:, and the establishment of British and French 13829:Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine 13276:Intercommunal conflict in Mandatory Palestine 13205: 11765:. New York : Vintage departures. p. 205 10883:Bani Issa, Mohammad Saleh (1 November 2023). 10012: 9987: 9647:. Taylor & Francis. pp. 155 et seq. 9501:A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Middle East 9349:. New Brunswick N.J: Transaction Publishers. 8487: 3584: 3388: 1066: 14196:Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath 12771: 9443:. Berkeley: University of California Press. 9324:. New Haven (Conn.): Yale University Press. 9282:Arabs and Ottomans: a Checkered Relationship 8769:Arabic thought in the liberal age, 1798–1939 8079:"La révolte arabe en 1916: mythe et réalité" 7709: 2644:In 1919, King Hussein refused to ratify the 2261:, an event hidden by the pretense of doing " 1417: 1383:in the 37th generation through his grandson 1347: 92:10 June 1916 – 3 October 1924 43: 14216:19th-century people from the Ottoman Empire 12717: 12636:"الملك يزور قيادة لواء الملك الحسين بن علي" 12633: 12452: 9025:. New Haven London: Yale University Press. 8708:(in Arabic). 'Ammān: al-Maṭba'ah aṣ-Ṣafadī. 8543:(in Arabic). 'Ammān: al-Maṭba'ah aṣ-Ṣafadī. 8384: 3266:, later King of Iraq and Syria, married to 3117:in 1931, as he wasn't able to be buried in 3047:the Armenian Philharmonic Melkonian School. 2905:. Hussein attempted to make appeals to the 1654: 162:3 March 1924 – 19 December 1925/4 June 1931 13212: 13198: 13176:Not widely recognized outside Middle-East 11692: 11617: 11497: 11427: 11398: 11147: 10803: 10515: 9787:"The Hashimites and the Great Arab Revolt" 9374: 8721:ما رأيت وما سمعت / Mā ra'aytu wa-mā sami't 8534: 8532: 8530: 8528: 8502:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 8449: 7833: 3591: 3577: 3030:The funeral of Hussein in Jerusalem, 1931. 2517:took place, he issued a decree to protect 2428:). This only aggravated his conflict with 2420:When Hussein declared himself King of the 2219:June, another of Hussein's sons, the Emir 1538: 1073: 1059: 12177:"Armenian President meets King of Jordan" 11532: 11051:Brunner, Rainer; Brunner, Rainer (2004). 10926: 10908: 10882: 10550: 10263: 10106:Division of Near Eastern Affairs (1931). 10044:. Grosset & Bunlap. pp. 209–211. 9825: 9784: 9166: 8997: 8581:ما رأيت وما سمعت: Mā ra'aytu wa-mā sami't 8325: 8058: 8040: 3374:Several poets wrote about him, including 3062:Funeral of Hussein, Jerusalem, the casket 2899:Institute of Contemporary Islamic Thought 2831:was better for French interests than the 2703:After the Caliphate was abolished by the 13909:Coat of arms of the United Arab Republic 13839:Supreme Command for Jihad and Liberation 13804:Independence Party (Mandatory Palestine) 11730: 11493: 11491: 11489: 11487: 11485: 11483: 11481: 11479: 11251: 11218:"Aal Saud: From British to American lap" 11075: 11012: 11010: 10988: 10551:Gregorian, Alin K. (27 September 2018). 10138: 10054: 9928: 9750: 9722:"How Did the Turks Lose the Arab Lands?" 9504:. Interlink Publishing. p. 9.3500. 9344: 8979: 8149:British Secret Service (29 March 1924). 8041:Al-Momani, Nidal Daoud Mohammad (2014). 7998: 7795: 7715: 3362: 3175: 3171: 3089: 3057: 3049: 3025: 2952:King Hussein was then forced to flee to 2943: 2767: 2746: 2740:, which had been ruined and exiled from 2558: 2399: 2297: 2229: 2191: 2152: 2014: 1920:, and especially for the acquisition of 1735:(or possibly, but it's not certain, the 1709: 1610: 1569: 1487: 14191:Recipients of the Order of the Medjidie 13784:Ba'ath Party (Syrian-dominated faction) 13769:Army of the Men of the Naqshbandi Order 12732: 12364:"The MECC to Jordan: Towards a New Era" 11782: 11726: 11724: 11655: 11653: 11477: 11475: 11473: 11471: 11469: 11467: 11465: 11463: 11461: 11459: 11247: 11245: 11243: 11109: 11107: 10984: 10982: 10980: 10948: 10946: 10878: 10876: 10874: 10843: 10841: 10839: 10829: 10827: 10726: 10724: 10696: 10662: 10660: 10615: 10613: 10232:"الثورة العربية الكبرى.. القائد والقصة" 9815: 9319: 9209: 8799: 8766: 8697: 8525: 8240:. Colchester: ECPR Press. p. 170. 8214: 8212: 7742:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199209194.013.0011 3121:, as he wanted and as was the norm for 2839:, causing instability in French Muslim 2631:"At one time, our Arabic copies of Sir 2368:taking Aleppo on the 25 of October 1918 1678:Then, he managed to break the siege of 1515:to meet the Arab tribes, over whom the 14: 14058: 13779:Ba'ath Party (Iraqi-dominated faction) 12837: 12660:الوطن, جريدة; webmaster (5 May 2020). 12297:The Righteous of the Armenian Genocide 12265: 12217:from the original on 27 September 2023 12157:from the original on 27 September 2023 12089: 11971:(in Arabic). albawaba. 8 August 2016. 11939:"لك في الأرض والسماء مآتم – أحمد شوقي" 11825: 11545:from the original on 28 September 2023 11359: 11183:الوطن, جريدة; webmaster (5 May 2020). 11114:الوطن, جريدة; webmaster (5 May 2020). 11016: 10730: 10709:from the original on 27 September 2020 10582: 10580: 10578: 10259: 10257: 10226: 10224: 10039: 10018: 9862: 9858: 9856: 9854: 9852: 9850: 9848: 9846: 9844: 9842: 9840: 9715: 9713: 9711: 9709: 9694:from the original on 29 September 2023 9678: 9676: 9636: 9634: 9606: 9438: 9315: 9313: 9311: 9309: 9244: 9020: 8966: 8964: 8916:from the original on 28 September 2023 8845: 8843: 8841: 8839: 8837: 8835: 8833: 8831: 8829: 8617: 8553: 8390: 8164: 8115:الوطن, جريدة; webmaster (5 May 2020). 7976:(Doctoral thesis). Durham University. 7868: 7699:APS Diplomat Redrawing the Islamic Map 3312:in July 1933, divorced September 1933. 2627:stated in secret correspondence : 2169:by the Ottoman government in favor of 1893:society; and many rival tribes to the 1448: 1402:since the accession of their ancestor 1398:tribe. The Banu Qatadah had ruled the 1236:and saved up to 4,000 of them. In the 14186:Recipients of the Order of Leopold II 13193: 12585:from the original on 28 December 2023 12555:from the original on 28 December 2023 12525:from the original on 28 December 2023 12465:from the original on 13 December 2023 12344:from the original on 17 December 2023 12314:from the original on 28 December 2023 12247:from the original on 17 December 2023 12187:from the original on 28 December 2023 12126:from the original on 28 December 2023 12040:from the original on 28 December 2023 11997:(in Arabic). Albayan. 19 April 2000. 11686: 11638:from the original on 28 December 2023 11599:from the original on 28 December 2023 11590: 11228:from the original on 10 November 2023 11044: 11007: 10965:from the original on 13 December 2023 10859:from the original on 11 November 2023 10772:from the original on 17 December 2023 10678:from the original on 17 December 2023 10598:from the original on 17 December 2023 10563:from the original on 17 December 2023 10532:from the original on 21 December 2023 10522:Humanities and Social Sciences Review 10457:"Al-Husayn Ibn 'Ali, Sharif of Mecca" 10437:from the original on 18 December 2023 10407:from the original on 17 December 2023 10345:"Al-Husayn Ibn 'Ali, Sharif of Mecca" 10306:from the original on 17 December 2023 10276:from the original on 17 December 2023 10209:from the original on 15 December 2023 10000:from the original on 17 December 2023 9797:from the original on 16 December 2023 9763:from the original on 19 December 2023 9567: 9540: 9427:Les 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4346: 4344: 4342: 4340: 4338: 4336: 4334: 4332: 4330: 4328: 4326: 4324: 4314: 4312: 4310: 4308: 4306: 4304: 4302: 4300: 4298: 4296: 4294: 4292: 4290: 4288: 4286: 4277: 4275: 4273: 4271: 4269: 4267: 4265: 4263: 4261: 4259: 4257: 4255: 4253: 4251: 4249: 4239: 4237: 4235: 4233: 4231: 4229: 4227: 4225: 4223: 4221: 4219: 4217: 4215: 4213: 4211: 4198: 4196: 4194: 4192: 4190: 4188: 4186: 4184: 4182: 4180: 4178: 4176: 4174: 4172: 4170: 4160: 4158: 4156: 4154: 4152: 4150: 4148: 4146: 4144: 4142: 4140: 4138: 4136: 4134: 4132: 4112: 4110: 4108: 4106: 4104: 4102: 4100: 4098: 4096: 4094: 4092: 4090: 4088: 4086: 4084: 4061: 4035: 4033: 4031: 4029: 4027: 4025: 4023: 4021: 4019: 4017: 4015: 4005: 4003: 4001: 3999: 3997: 3995: 3993: 3987: 3985: 3983: 3981: 3979: 3977: 3975: 3973: 3971: 3969: 3967: 3947: 3945: 3943: 3941: 3939: 3937: 3935: 3929: 3927: 3925: 3923: 3921: 3919: 3917: 3915: 3913: 3911: 3909: 3899: 3897: 3895: 3893: 3891: 3889: 3887: 3881: 3879: 3877: 3875: 3873: 3871: 3869: 3867: 3865: 3863: 3861: 3850: 3848: 3846: 3844: 3842: 3840: 3831: 3829: 3827: 3825: 3823: 3821: 3819: 3817: 3815: 3813: 3811: 3761: 3759: 3757: 3755: 3753: 3751: 3749: 3747: 3745: 3743: 3741: 3728: 3726: 3724: 3722: 3720: 3718: 3716: 3714: 3712: 3710: 3708: 3706: 3704: 3702: 3700: 3690: 3688: 3686: 3684: 3682: 3680: 3678: 3676: 3674: 3672: 3670: 3668: 3666: 3664: 3662: 3646: 3644: 3642: 3640: 3638: 3636: 3634: 3632: 3630: 3628: 3626: 3624: 3622: 3620: 3618: 3286:With his second wife Madiha, he had: 2796:, on March 18, 1924, one of the last 2669:In January 1924, Hussein received in 2471:, for which he funded 26,672 liras. 2370:, thus ending the war on that front. 1850:to strengthen their control over the 1137:from 1908 and, after proclaiming the 208: 13219: 12720:Orders and Medals Society of America 12615:from the original on 13 January 2024 12404:from the original on 28 January 2022 11836:from the original on 9 November 2023 11721: 11650: 11535:"Η αρμενική γενοκτονία και η Κύπρος" 11456: 11303:from the original on 9 November 2023 11264:from the original on 3 November 2023 11240: 11104: 10977: 10943: 10871: 10836: 10824: 10721: 10697:Guediri, Kawthar (21 October 2016). 10657: 10610: 10497:from the original on 27 January 2024 10467:from the original on 1 December 2022 10355:from the original on 1 December 2022 10333:] (in Arabic). pp. 161–159. 9922: 9816:Guediri, Kaoutar (8 February 2013). 9661:from the original on 9 November 2023 9640: 9588:from the original on 19 January 2023 9497: 8675: 8209: 7992: 7913:from the original on 5 December 2022 7829: 7827: 7825: 7758:from the original on 15 January 2023 2877:Defeat against Saudis and abdication 2567:rule. Hussein's son Faisal was made 2474: 2118:, the links between Hussein and the 2072:. Starting in 1915, as indicated by 1821:centralization of the Ottoman Empire 1639:education, but also allied with the 1606: 1319:Hussein was then sent into exile to 27:Sharif and Emir of Mecca (1854–1931) 14101:Arab people from the Ottoman Empire 13819:National Liberation Front (Algeria) 12878: 12753:from the original on 2 January 2024 12374:from the original on 28 August 2024 12368:The Middle East Council of Churches 12276:from the original on 4 October 2022 12001:from the original on 30 August 2021 11854: 11321: 10806:The Perspective of the World Review 10792:A History of the Modern Middle East 10575: 10254: 10221: 10191: 10083:. 23 September 2017. Archived from 10033: 9837: 9706: 9673: 9631: 9619:from the original on 10 August 2023 9399: 9306: 8980:YurtoğLu, Nadir (15 October 2018). 8961: 8826: 8712: 8680:. Urbana: Univ. of Illinois Press. 8663: 8605: 8572: 8519: 8158: 8089:from the original on 8 October 2022 7969: 7963: 3301:With his third wife Adila, he had: 3154: 3085: 2392:dated 24 October 1917 given by the 1947:Twenty days after the start of the 1908:Arab movement developed, mainly in 1739:). The red triangle represents the 1165:. His Caliphate was opposed by the 1093: 44: 30:For people with similar names, see 24: 14201:Recipients of the Legion of Honour 13759:Arab Socialist Union Party (Syria) 13281:1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine 12912: 11803:from the original on 25 April 2023 11731:Moubayed, Sami (1 December 2022). 11618:Abu-Lebdeh, Hatem Shareef (1997). 11252:Moubayed, Sami (1 December 2022). 10952: 10318: 9863:Murphy, David (18 November 2008). 9719: 9222:from the original on 29 April 2023 9210:Willman, Gabriel (1 August 2013). 9057:from the original on 24 April 2023 8928: 8757: 8745:from the original on 29 April 2023 8640:from the original on 14 April 2022 8626:. University of California Press. 8478: 8265: 8226: 8105: 8067: 7925: 7796:Bosworth, Clifford Edmund (1996). 7770: 3206:Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire 2709:would have declared himself Caliph 1694: 1155:abolition of the Ottoman Caliphate 25: 14237: 13824:Palestine Liberation Organization 12950: 12868:. C. Hurst & Co. Publishers. 12495:from the original on 14 June 2024 12092:Routledge handbook on Arab cinema 11918:from the original on 26 June 2023 11571:, p. 11. To be found here : 11409:from the original on 14 June 2024 11380:from the original on 14 June 2024 11078:Israel Journal of Foreign Affairs 10264:Avetisyan, Vigen (3 April 2019). 10179:from the original on 14 June 2024 9988:Mohamed Afifi (27 January 2021). 9883:from the original on 14 June 2024 9732:from the original on 12 June 2024 9473:"Key Documents | Balfour Project" 9284:. Piscataway, NJ: Gorgias Press. 8431:from the original on 14 June 2024 8342:from the original on 14 June 2024 7903:"Hussein et la famille Hachémite" 7822: 7789: 3318:, who succeeded in pretense King 1897:rallied behind their leadership. 1823:, the progressive prohibition of 1192:In 1908, in the aftermath of the 63:Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques 14038: 14037: 13764:Arabian Peninsula People's Union 13447:Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict 12929:; Matringe, Denis; Nawas, John; 12802: 12765: 12726: 12711: 12700:from the original on 17 May 2023 12684: 12672:from the original on 16 May 2023 12653: 12634:الأردنية (بترا), وكالة الأنباء. 12627: 12597: 12567: 12537: 12507: 12477: 12453:الأردنية (بترا), وكالة الأنباء. 12446: 12434:from the original on 17 May 2023 12416: 12386: 12356: 12326: 12287: 12259: 12229: 12199: 12169: 12138: 12108: 12083: 12071:from the original on 3 July 2017 12061:"لانت قناتك للمنون – مصطفى التل" 12058: 12052: 12013: 11987: 11975:from the original on 12 May 2022 11961: 11949:from the original on 4 July 2017 11936: 11930: 11900: 11860: 11819: 11776: 11755: 11743:from the original on 17 May 2023 11673:, 2020, Royal Library of Jordan 11611: 11584: 11557: 11526: 11421: 11392: 11315: 11276: 11210: 11195:from the original on 16 May 2023 11176: 11141: 11126:from the original on 16 May 2023 11069: 10797: 10794:, (Westview Press, 2013) p. 145 10784: 10754: 10690: 10638: 10242:from the original on 12 May 2024 9751:Nevejans, Pierre (10 May 2017). 9518:from the original on 18 May 2023 9479:from the original on 16 May 2023 8945:. 13 August 2013. Archived from 8886:from the original on 30 May 2024 8719:Khayr ad-Dīn az-Ziriklī (1923). 8579:Khayr ad-Dīn az-Ziriklī (1923). 8492:(in Arabic). Mecca. p. 291. 8368:. 13 August 2013. Archived from 8127:from the original on 16 May 2023 7510: 7410: 7387: 7258: 7235: 7091: 7068: 7043: 6905: 3552: 3540: 3528: 3516: 3504: 3492: 3480: 3440:, the Hussein bin Ali mosque in 3409:. Hussein is quoted in the book 3219:, last King of Hejaz married to 2373: 1785:Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic 1647:, at a time when adherence to a 1240:, Hussein refused to ratify the 1094:ٱلْحُسَيْن بِن عَلِي ٱلْهَاشِمِي 1040: 439: 70: 32:Hussein bin Ali (disambiguation) 14211:Muslims from the Ottoman Empire 13407:November 1963 Iraqi coup d'état 12266:Houske, Marta (15 March 2017), 11624:. University Press of America. 10544: 10509: 10479: 10449: 10419: 10389: 10367: 10337: 10288: 10161: 10132: 10099: 10073: 10048: 10024: 9981: 9955: 9895: 9809: 9778: 9744: 9600: 9561: 9534: 9491: 9465: 9432: 9416: 9393: 9338: 9273: 9238: 9203: 9160: 9135: 9102: 9078:The origins of Arab nationalism 9069: 9039: 9014: 8973: 8898: 8868: 8793: 8727: 8669: 8611: 8587: 8547: 8443: 8354: 8301: 8192: 8142: 7668: 3426:Middle East Council of Churches 3234:Hasan bin Hussein, died young. 2705:Turkish Grand National Assembly 2501:and Armenians, atrocities that 2362:, pursuing the remnants of the 2245:, future Faisal I of Iraq, and 1833:Turkish colonists in Arab areas 1819:. Additionally, the increasing 1682:, which was being conducted by 1495:of Hussein bin Ali probably in 1205:Committee of Union and Progress 14166:Politics of the Ottoman Empire 13849:Union of Arab Republics (1972) 13611:Hussein bin Ali, King of Hejaz 13172:Reason for succession failure: 13169:11 March 1924 – 3 October 1924 12937:(3rd ed.). Brill Online. 12693:مملكة الحجاز | وثائقيات العربي 12611:(in Arabic). 13 January 2024. 12026:. Twenty-First Century Books. 11908:"Aḥmad Shawqī | Egyptian poet" 11591:Hadjilyra, Alexander-Michael. 11090:10.1080/23739770.2013.11446566 9933:(in French). Éditions Perrin. 9607:Guerfi, Sarah (12 July 2023). 9169:Genocide Studies International 8804:. Princeton University Press. 8704:Niḍāl Dāwūd al-Mūminī (1996). 8676:Dawn, Clarence Ernest (1973). 8539:Niḍāl Dāwūd al-Mūminī (1996). 7895: 7862: 7687: 3474: 2995:reading him the commentary of 2887:McMahon–Hussein Correspondence 2744:. In this regard, he declared: 2011:McMahon–Hussein Correspondence 1809:Young Turks Revolution of 1908 1574:Hussein bin Ali (date unknown) 1559: 13: 1: 13030:October 1916 – 3 October 1924 12879:Kay, Shari L. (Spring 2020). 12151:The Armenian Mirror-Spectator 11707:10.1080/00263206.2019.1596895 11512:10.1080/00263206.2019.1596895 11442:10.1080/00263206.2019.1596895 11336:10.1080/01495933.2016.1133994 11289:. University of Tartu Press. 11162:10.1080/09700161.2017.1295612 11021:. Columbia University Press. 10910:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20993 10557:The Armenian Mirror-Spectator 9613:La Revue d'Histoire Militaire 9400:Low, Michael (16 July 2007). 9080:. Columbia University Press. 8464:10.1080/00263206.2019.1596895 8202:الشريف الحسين بن علي والخلافة 8169:. Columbia University Press. 7656: 3444:or the al-Husseini mosque in 3428:paid hommage to his actions. 3335: 3094:Funeral of Hussein, Jerusalem 2827:, who also defended that the 2640:has broken her pledged word." 2039:argued against rebellion and 2005:Relationship with the British 1500: 1352: 1276:were made rulers of Iraq and 1105:al-Ḥusayn bin 'Alī al-Hāshimī 260:Sharifa Khadija bint Abdullah 254:Sharifa Abdiyah bint Abdullah 13794:Federation of Arab Republics 13754:Arab Socialist Union (Libya) 13744:Arab Socialist Union (Egypt) 13345:Israeli–Palestinian conflict 13293:Arab separatism in Khuzestan 12778:The Modern History of Jordan 12739:. London: Spink. p. 6. 12640:بترا -وكالة الأنباء الأردنية 12459:بترا -وكالة الأنباء الأردنية 11402:الشريف الحسين الرضي والخلافة 10989:Le Naour, Jean-Yves (2017). 10401:sharinghistory.museumwnf.org 10139:Le Naour, Jean-Yves (2017). 10055:Erickson, Edward J. (2001). 9929:Le Naour, Jean-Yves (2017). 9785:editorial (1 October 2020). 8556:The modern history of Jordan 8397:. Princeton Legacy Library. 8391:Peters, Francis E. (2017) . 8236:Liah Greenfeld, ed. (2016). 8151:Jeddah Report 1-29 Mars 1924 7999:Le Naour, Jean-Yves (2017). 7970:Cox, Stephen Thomas (2003). 7907:www.lesclesdumoyenorient.com 7681: 3547:Order of the Nichan Iftikhar 3108:British mandate of Palestine 2719:. Other accounts, such as a 2692: 2499:committed against the Greeks 2161:Hussein decided to join the 1846:was completed, allowing the 1342: 1250:Jewish settlers in Palestine 1248:, a document supporting the 1151:He proclaimed himself Caliph 7: 14091:Arab independence activists 13919:Flag of the Arab Federation 13749:Arab Socialist Union (Iraq) 13739:Arab Socialist Action Party 13078:June 1916 – 3 October 1924 12961:20th Century Press Archives 12864:Teitelbaum, Joshua (2001). 12394:"Masjid Al Hussein Bin Ali" 12300:. Oxford University Press. 11789:. Bloomsbury. p. 160. 11761:Kaplan, Robert D. (2001). 11366:. Random House Publishing. 9939:10.3917/perri.lenao.2017.01 7720:. In Breuilly, John (ed.). 7629: 3565: 2855:in 1924, it comprised both 2535:Armenian National Institute 2448:colonies who undertook the 2346:, which managed to overrun 2027:Following deliberations at 1881:These oppositions with the 1511:and the eastern regions of 1483:completing its memorization 1288:, who promptly launched an 1104: 614:("Stories of the Prophets") 10: 14242: 14141:People from Ottoman Arabia 13890:On the Way of Resurrection 13883:The Battle for One Destiny 13814:Lebanese National Movement 13255:Third International Theory 12847:Princeton University Press 12831: 12485:"رسالةُ حُبٍّ إلى عَمَّان" 12340:(in Turkish). 9 May 2015. 12090:Mellor, Noha, ed. (2024). 11786:Palestine Across Millennia 11533:Χατζηλύρα, Μιχαήλ (2011). 10592:Armenian Museum of America 10516:Musharbash, Randa (2018). 9568:Paris, Timothy J. (2003). 8554:Ṣalībī, Kamāl aṣ- (1998). 8407:Princeton University Press 8199:نضال داود المومني (1996). 3557:Knight Grand Cross of the 3467:, is the highest order of 3389:Armenian genocide refugees 3367:Hussein bin Ali mosque in 2696: 2478: 2377: 2146: 2059:Secretary of State for War 2008: 1993:on the advice of his son, 1811:, strongly displeased the 1703: 1665:Muhammad ibn Ali al-Idrisi 1563: 1554: 1428:Abd al-Muttalib ibn Ghalib 1356: 1086:Hussein bin Ali al-Hashimi 29: 14181:People of the Arab Revolt 14136:Ottoman Arab nationalists 14033: 13942: 13899: 13867: 13844:Unified Political Command 13734:Arab Nationalist Movement 13679: 13631:Abd al-Rahman al-Kawakibi 13491: 13460: 13427:1969 Sudanese coup d'état 13298:1979 Khuzestan insurgency 13263: 13227: 13181: 13154: 13146: 13139: 13129: 13114: 13110:November 1908 – June 1916 13103: 13095: 13090: 13080: 13071: 13058: 13041: 13025: 13014: 13009: 12972: 12519:وكـالـة مـعـا الاخـبـارية 11832:(in Arabic). IslamKotob. 11578:28 September 2023 at the 10833:Teitelbaum, 2001, p. 243. 10491:www.armenian-genocide.org 10487:"View Accompanying Image" 10461:www.armenian-genocide.org 10349:www.armenian-genocide.org 10325:Hussein bin Ali (1922). 9609:"Les accords Sykes-Picot" 9574:. Routledge. p. 21. 9439:Gelvin, James L. (1998). 9345:Friedman, Isaiah (2012). 9320:ʿAllāwī, ʿAlī A. (2014). 9280:Farah, Caesar A. (2010). 9259:10.1080/00263207408700268 9147:www.armenian-genocide.org 8047:Journal of Human Sciences 7949:10.1017/S0020743800000052 7848:10.1080/00263209808701212 7566: 7564: 7475: 7473: 7352: 7350: 7342: 7340: 7332: 7330: 7190: 7188: 7180: 7178: 7170: 7168: 7158: 7156: 7018: 7016: 7014: 7008: 7006: 7004: 6998: 6996: 6994: 6992: 6984: 6980: 6978: 6976: 6974: 6972: 6970: 6968: 6962: 6960: 6958: 6956: 6870: 6868: 6795: 6793: 6709: 6707: 6632: 6630: 6555: 6553: 6480: 6478: 6405: 6403: 6330: 6328: 6244: 6242: 6160: 6158: 6072: 6070: 5988: 5986: 5902: 5900: 5816: 5814: 5730: 5728: 5643: 5641: 5557: 5555: 5469: 5467: 5383: 5381: 5308: 5306: 5222: 5220: 5147: 5145: 5072: 5070: 4995: 4993: 4920: 4918: 4845: 4843: 4770: 4768: 4695: 4693: 4620: 4618: 4545: 4543: 4470: 4468: 4395: 4393: 4318: 4316: 4243: 4241: 4164: 4162: 4080: 4078: 4072: 4070: 4059: 4057: 4055: 4053: 4051: 4009: 4007: 3991: 3989: 3933: 3931: 3903: 3901: 3885: 3883: 3805: 3803: 3801: 3799: 3797: 3795: 3793: 3785: 3781: 3779: 3777: 3771: 3769: 3767: 3694: 3692: 3431: 3353: 3342:Prince Ghazi bin Muhammad 3229:Sharif Ali bin al-Hussein 3166:Commander of the Faithful 2974:British-controlled Cyprus 2049:British Foreign Secretary 1974:When Hussein took up the 1955:, Hussein bin Ali's son, 1799:before 1916, the rise of 1461:and was also educated in 1424:Muhammad bin Abd al-Mu'in 1418:Power struggles and birth 1379:, he was a descendant of 1369:Muhammad bin Abd al-Mu'in 1348:Ascendance and early life 414: 398: 386: 376: 371: 367: 357: 349: 341: 329: 317: 272: 247: 223: 204: 188: 184: 176: 166: 158: 151: 141: 131: 123: 116: 106: 96: 88: 81: 69: 52: 39: 14171:Self-proclaimed monarchy 14081:20th-century Arab people 14076:19th-century Arab people 13352:1952 Egyptian revolution 13106:Sharif and Emir of Mecca 13074:Sharif and Emir of Mecca 12020:Jeffrey Zuehlke (2005). 11680:18 December 2023 at the 10959:www.ekrembugraekinci.com 10651:28 December 2023 at the 10397:"MWNF – Sharing History" 10326: 9993: 9726:www.ekrembugraekinci.com 9021:Faught, C. Brad (2022). 8767:Hourani, Albert (1970). 8735:"الحسين بن علي شريف مكة" 8275:Zeine, Zeine N. (1973). 7716:Roshwald, Aviel (2013). 7661: 3461:Order of Hussein bin Ali 3330: 2939: 2677:delegation led by rabbi 2099:, with the exception of 1997:, who had served in the 1932:to assassinate Hussein. 1831:, and the settlement of 1655:Campaign in 'Asir (1911) 1627:, with whom he became a 1238:aftermath of World War I 1228:, Hussein supported the 1135:Sharif and Emir of Mecca 703:Medieval Islamic science 118:Sharif and Emir of Mecca 14005:Palestinian nationalism 13924:Flag of the Arab Revolt 13417:1966 Syrian coup d'état 13397:1963 Syrian coup d'état 13377:1961 Syrian coup d'état 13027:King of the Arab Lands 12889:20.500.11929/sdsu:57703 11360:Viorst, Milton (2007). 11017:Kramer, Martin (1986). 10042:With Lawrence in Arabia 10040:Lowell, Thomas (1924). 9791:The Review of Religions 8327:10.59670/ml.v21iS1.6116 8165:Kramer, Martin (1986). 7869:Kramer, Martin (1986). 7734:Oxford University Press 3407:Prince Hassan bin Talal 2891:Saudi conquest of Hejaz 2715:winter camp in Shunah, 2435: 2356:Damascus, which he took 2334:and led at the time by 1839:throughout the empire. 1835:worried and frightened 1803:towards the end of the 1731:, and green represents 1727:, white represents the 1716:flag of the Arab Revolt 1539:Exile to Constantinople 14221:Christianity and Islam 14206:Monarchs who abdicated 13432:1969 Libyan revolution 13310:1941 Iraqi coup d'état 12935:Encyclopaedia of Islam 12839:Peters, Francis Edward 11695:Middle Eastern Studies 11500:Middle Eastern Studies 11430:Middle Eastern Studies 11222:Crescent International 10790:Cleveland, William L. 9379:. Penguin Books, Ltd. 9247:Middle Eastern Studies 9051:www.genocide-museum.am 8943:Sayyid Ahmed Amiruddin 8800:Mestyán, Ádám (2017). 8618:Kayali, Hasan (1997). 8488:Muhammad Rafi (1964). 8452:Middle Eastern Studies 8403:Woodstock, Oxfordshire 8366:Sayyid Ahmed Amiruddin 7836:Middle Eastern Studies 7701:. 2005. Archived from 7610:Crown Prince of Jordan 3371: 3358: 3181: 3095: 3063: 3055: 3031: 2949: 2788: 2766: 2759: 2754:of Hussein bin Ali in 2642: 2531: 2527:Ahl Dimmat al-Muslimin 2417: 2303: 2238: 2207: 2158: 2074:an exchange of letters 2024: 1874:. This frightened the 1829:Turkification policies 1792: 1620: 1575: 1504: 1485:before the age of 20. 1280:respectively in 1921. 713:Succession to Muhammad 18:Sherif Hussein ibn Ali 14146:Ottoman Sunni Muslims 13990:Jordanian nationalism 13724:Arab Islamic Republic 13719:Arab Higher Committee 13596:Rashid Ali al-Gaylani 13576:Salah al-Din al-Bitar 13387:North Yemen civil war 13320:Arab–Israeli conflict 13164:Caliph of the Muslims 13157:— TITULAR — 12733:Donovan, Ned (2022). 11783:Masalha, Nur (2022). 10383:22 March 2022 at the 10108:Mandate for Palestine 8999:10.9737/hist.2018.658 8399:Princeton, New Jersey 8060:10.12785/jhs/20140213 3535:Order of the Medjidie 3487:Order of Muhammad Ali 3463:, created in 1949 by 3366: 3295:Abdullah bin Muhammed 3191:Madiha, a Circassian; 3179: 3172:Marriage and children 3093: 3061: 3053: 3029: 3009:Muhammad Jamil Bayham 2947: 2771: 2761: 2750: 2629: 2605:Sykes-Picot Agreement 2559:Following World War I 2523: 2412:, before he left for 2403: 2336:Mustafa Kemal Atatürk 2301: 2287:, pushed them to use 2233: 2195: 2156: 2018: 1807:, culminating in the 1713: 1623:His main teacher was 1614: 1588:Young Turk Revolution 1573: 1491: 1375:. As a member of the 1194:Young Turk Revolution 136:Abdallah bin Muhammad 14156:People from Istanbul 14086:20th-century caliphs 14025:Tunisian nationalism 13995:Lebanese nationalism 13955:Egyptian nationalism 13950:Algerian nationalism 13854:United Arab Republic 13729:Arab Liberation Army 13709:Arab Ba'ath Movement 13566:Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr 12775:(15 December 1998). 12581:. 30 November 2023. 12551:. 30 November 2023. 12428:وكالة عمون الاخبارية 12243:. 26 December 2009. 12213:. 11 February 2020. 11733:"الشريف حسين بن علي" 11541:(in Ancient Greek). 11324:Comparative Strategy 11254:"الشريف حسين بن علي" 10302:. 12 November 1916. 10087:on 23 September 2017 9641:Hawa, Salam (2017). 9498:Hiro, Dilip (2012). 7736:. pp. 220–241. 7636:Battle of Mecca 1916 6592:Auon, Ra'i Al-Hadala 3654:(eponymous ancestor) 3497:Grand Cordon of the 3485:Grand-cordon of the 3465:Abdullah I of Jordan 3459:as of May 2023. The 3324:Fahrelnissa Kabaağaç 3280:HM King Ali of Hejaz 3221:Nafisa bint Abdullah 3202:Mustafa Rashid Pasha 3168:, Hussein bin Ali". 3138:, a building on the 2646:Treaty of Versailles 2551:and free use of the 2234:Ageyl bodyguards of 2035:counselled caution, 1769:United Arab Emirates 1590:, which brought the 1586:in the midst of the 1333:Abdullah I of Jordan 1244:, in protest of the 1242:Treaty of Versailles 752:Association football 290:Abdullah I of Jordan 76:King Hussein in 1917 45:ٱلْحُسَيْن بِن عَلِي 14015:Sahrawi nationalism 13372:1959 Mosul uprising 13305:Great Syrian Revolt 13122:as independent emir 12491:(in Arabic). 2023. 12183:. 29 October 2014. 11876:Syracuse University 11399:Islamkotob (2010). 10901:2023Heliy...920993B 9375:Avi Shlaim (2008). 7641:Sharifian Caliphate 3545:Grand Cross of the 3533:First Class of the 3521:First Class of the 3509:Grand Cross of the 3411:Crows of the Desert 3272:Ghazi, King of Iraq 3268:Huzaima bint Nasser 2934:Emir of Transjordan 2895:Balfour Declaration 2833:Sharifian Caliphate 2699:Sharifian Caliphate 2601:Balfour Declaration 2426:malik bilad-al-Arab 2386:US State Department 2364:Yildirim Army Group 2328:Yildirim Army Group 2312:battle of Wadi Musa 2101:British possessions 1801:Turkish nationalism 1449:Youth and education 1314:Sharifian Caliphate 1246:Balfour Declaration 513:Profession of Faith 486:Day of Resurrection 14020:Syrian nationalism 14000:Libyan nationalism 13960:Greater Mauritania 13876:The Arab Awakening 13859:United Arab States 13834:Rejectionist Front 13641:Gamal Abdel Nasser 13452:Yemeni unification 13442:Lebanese Civil War 13422:17 July Revolution 13392:Ramadan Revolution 13367:14 July Revolution 13141:Sunni Islam titles 13112:Ottoman-appointed 13091:Political offices 13032:Recognized by the 12925:. In Fleet, Kate; 12861:– Total pages: 473 12023:Jordan in Pictures 11912:www.britannica.com 11663:Ghazi bin Muhammad 11150:Strategic Analysis 10173:english.aawsat.com 9901:Murphy, pp. 33–34. 9475:. 18 August 2020. 9181:10.3138/gsi.9.2.03 8558:. London: Tauris. 8085:(in French): 331. 4202:Hasan Al-Mu'thanna 3372: 3310:Muhammad Atta Amin 3242:Musbah bint Nasser 3227:. Grandparents of 3182: 3096: 3064: 3056: 3032: 2950: 2871:Abdulaziz ibn Saud 2789: 2760: 2511:Syrian territories 2430:Abdulaziz ibn Saud 2418: 2360:pursuit to Haritan 2332:German Asian Corps 2304: 2239: 2208: 2196:Illustration from 2159: 2116:Ekrem Buğra Ekinci 2089:Sultanate of Egypt 2078:Lieutenant Colonel 2025: 1999:Ottoman parliament 1916:in the hands of a 1868:Ottoman government 1793: 1625:Ahmad Zayni Dahlan 1621: 1617:Mufti of Jerusalem 1576: 1566:Sharifate of Mecca 1517:Sharifate of Mecca 1505: 1475:Ahmad Zayni Dahlan 1400:Sharifate of Mecca 1331:, next to his son 1310:Sharifate of Mecca 101:Office established 14226:Islam and Judaism 14161:People from Mecca 14051: 14050: 13980:Iraqi nationalism 13671:Constantin Zureiq 13521:Abdul Rahman Arif 13501:Butrus al-Bustani 13188: 13187: 13159: 13130:Succeeded by 13125: 13115:Succeeded by 13099:Abd al-Ilah Pasha 13081:Succeeded by 13069: 13054: 13042:Succeeded by 12874:978-1-85065-460-5 12856:978-0-691-03267-2 12746:978-1-912667-89-5 12307:978-1-80526-017-2 12101:978-1-003-30202-5 12033:978-0-8225-1173-1 11885:978-1-08-385146-8 11796:978-0-7556-4296-0 11771:978-0-375-70576-2 11737:الموسوعة الدمشقية 11671:978-9957-635-52-7 11631:978-0-7618-0812-1 11569:978-9963-50-408-4 11539:www.sigmalive.com 11373:978-0-307-43185-1 11296:978-9949-03-520-5 11258:الموسوعة الدمشقية 11062:978-90-04-12548-3 11028:978-1-59740-468-6 11000:978-2-262-07083-0 10993:. Paris: Perrin. 10768:. 20 April 2021. 10631:978-0-9671782-0-2 10594:. 30 April 2020. 10150:978-2-262-07083-0 10143:. Paris: Perrin. 10066:978-0-313-31516-9 9948:978-2-262-07083-0 9876:978-1-84603-339-1 9869:. Bloomsbury US. 9654:978-1-317-39006-0 9581:978-1-135-77191-1 9511:978-1-62371-033-0 9450:978-0-520-91983-9 9386:978-0-14-101728-0 9356:978-1-4128-4749-0 9331:978-0-300-12732-4 9291:978-1-4632-2544-5 9120:978-0-415-48012-3 9087:978-0-231-07434-6 9032:978-0-300-25674-1 8949:on 9 October 2022 8811:978-1-4008-8531-2 8778:978-0-19-285039-3 8687:978-0-252-00202-1 8666:, pp. 41–44. 8633:978-0-520-20446-1 8608:, pp. 41–43. 8565:978-1-86064-331-6 8416:978-1-4008-8736-1 8372:on 9 October 2022 8314:Migration Letters 8286:978-0-88206-000-2 8279:. Caravan Books. 8247:978-1-78552-214-7 8176:978-1-59740-468-6 8010:978-2-262-07083-0 8003:. Paris: Perrin. 7880:978-1-59740-468-6 7807:978-0-7486-0684-9 7784:Manuscript Number 7751:978-0-19-175030-4 7624: 7623: 7620: 7619: 7290:pretender to Iraq 7126:pretender to Iraq 3559:Order of the Bath 3523:Order of Osmanieh 3395:Armenian genocide 3380:Mustafa Wahbi Tal 3320:Faisal II of Iraq 3163: 3072:Hala Sultan Tekke 3013:Mustafa Wahbi Tal 2907:League of Nations 2846:Sultan of Morocco 2829:Ottoman Caliphate 2515:Armenian genocide 2495:Armenian genocide 2481:Armenian genocide 2475:Armenian genocide 2330:, comprising the 2324:Battle of Megiddo 2171:Sharif Ali Haidar 2133:Abbas II of Egypt 2103:and interests in 2085:High Commissioner 2081:Sir Henry McMahon 2045:Sir Henry McMahon 1949:Armenian genocide 1922:Arab independence 1741:Hashemite dynasty 1607:Religious stances 1603:of His Prophet". 1599:of Allah and the 1592:Young Turks (CUP) 1477:, he studied the 1404:Qatadah ibn Idris 1377:Hashemite dynasty 1234:Armenian genocide 1147:King of the Hejaz 1139:Great Arab Revolt 1133:clan who was the 1102: 1083: 1082: 1013:Deobandi jihadism 418: 417: 353:Salah Bani-Shahar 336:Hashemite dynasty 241:British Palestine 55:King of the Arabs 16:(Redirected from 14233: 14176:Sharifs of Mecca 14041: 14040: 13914:Eagle of Saladin 13621:Amin al-Husseini 13586:Faisal I of Iraq 13556:Sultan al-Atrash 13551:Mansur al-Atrash 13526:Abdul Salam Arif 13335:War of Attrition 13221:Arab nationalism 13214: 13207: 13200: 13191: 13190: 13179: 13178:Haramayn invaded 13173: 13155: 13147:Preceded by 13133:Ali Haidar Pasha 13119: 13096:Preceded by 13063: 13059:Preceded by 13051:as King of Hejaz 13048: 13005: 12998: 12990: 12970: 12969: 12946: 12924: 12922:"Ḥusayn b. ʿAlī" 12908: 12860: 12826: 12825: 12823: 12821: 12816:. 1 January 2014 12806: 12800: 12799: 12797: 12795: 12769: 12763: 12762: 12760: 12758: 12730: 12724: 12723: 12715: 12709: 12708: 12707: 12705: 12688: 12682: 12681: 12679: 12677: 12657: 12651: 12650: 12648: 12646: 12631: 12625: 12624: 12622: 12620: 12601: 12595: 12594: 12592: 12590: 12571: 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2650:Treaty of Sèvres 2583:, respectively. 2380:Kingdom of Hejaz 2340:Vardar offensive 2289:guerilla tactics 2199:Le Petit Journal 2187:Kingdom of Hejaz 2179:Arab nationalist 2137:Khedive of Egypt 1797:Arab nationalism 1725:Rashidun caliphs 1651:was more fluid. 1643:and opposed the 1502: 1471:seven Mu'allaqat 1125:leader from the 1120: 1119: 1118: 1117: 1115: 1107: 1097: 1095: 1075: 1068: 1061: 1047:Islam portal 1045: 1044: 1043: 443: 420: 419: 388: 381:Kingdom of Hejaz 345:Ali bin Muhammad 298:Faisal I of Iraq 210: 180:Office abolished 74: 59:Sharifian Caliph 48: 47: 46: 37: 36: 21: 14241: 14240: 14236: 14235: 14234: 14232: 14231: 14230: 14126:House of Hashim 14056: 14055: 14052: 14047: 14029: 13965:Greater Morocco 13938: 13934:Pan-Arab colors 13929:Hawk of Quraish 13895: 13863: 13714:Arab Federation 13675: 13661:Abdullah Rimawi 13636:Mostéfa Merarda 13591:Muammar Gaddafi 13571:Ahmed Ben Bella 13546:Jamal al-Atassi 13536:Bashar al-Assad 13487: 13456: 13437:Black September 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11142: 11129: 11127: 11112: 11105: 11074: 11070: 11063: 11049: 11045: 11029: 11015: 11008: 11001: 10987: 10978: 10968: 10966: 10953:ekinci, ekrem. 10951: 10944: 10881: 10872: 10862: 10860: 10847: 10846: 10837: 10832: 10825: 10802: 10798: 10789: 10785: 10775: 10773: 10760: 10759: 10755: 10729: 10722: 10712: 10710: 10695: 10691: 10681: 10679: 10672:Middle East Eye 10666: 10665: 10658: 10653:Wayback Machine 10643: 10639: 10632: 10618: 10611: 10601: 10599: 10586: 10585: 10576: 10566: 10564: 10549: 10545: 10535: 10533: 10514: 10510: 10500: 10498: 10485: 10484: 10480: 10470: 10468: 10455: 10454: 10450: 10440: 10438: 10425: 10424: 10420: 10410: 10408: 10395: 10394: 10390: 10385:Wayback Machine 10372: 10368: 10358: 10356: 10343: 10342: 10338: 10328: 10323: 10319: 10309: 10307: 10294: 10293: 10289: 10279: 10277: 10262: 10255: 10245: 10243: 10230: 10229: 10222: 10212: 10210: 10197: 10196: 10192: 10182: 10180: 10167: 10166: 10162: 10151: 10137: 10133: 10123: 10121: 10117: 10110: 10104: 10100: 10090: 10088: 10079: 10078: 10074: 10067: 10053: 10049: 10038: 10034: 10029: 10025: 10017: 10013: 10003: 10001: 9995: 9986: 9982: 9972: 9970: 9969:. 24 March 2021 9961: 9960: 9956: 9949: 9927: 9923: 9918: 9905: 9900: 9896: 9886: 9884: 9877: 9861: 9838: 9814: 9810: 9800: 9798: 9783: 9779: 9766: 9764: 9749: 9745: 9735: 9733: 9720:ekinci, ekrem. 9718: 9707: 9697: 9695: 9682: 9681: 9674: 9664: 9662: 9655: 9639: 9632: 9622: 9620: 9605: 9601: 9591: 9589: 9582: 9566: 9562: 9549:(13): 657–673. 9539: 9535: 9521: 9519: 9512: 9496: 9492: 9482: 9480: 9471: 9470: 9466: 9451: 9437: 9433: 9421: 9417: 9398: 9394: 9387: 9373: 9364: 9357: 9343: 9339: 9332: 9318: 9307: 9292: 9278: 9274: 9243: 9239: 9225: 9223: 9208: 9204: 9165: 9161: 9151: 9149: 9141: 9140: 9136: 9121: 9107: 9103: 9088: 9074: 9070: 9060: 9058: 9045: 9044: 9040: 9033: 9019: 9015: 8978: 8974: 8969: 8962: 8952: 8950: 8937: 8936: 8929: 8919: 8917: 8904: 8903: 8899: 8889: 8887: 8874: 8873: 8869: 8859: 8857: 8849: 8848: 8827: 8812: 8798: 8794: 8779: 8765: 8758: 8748: 8746: 8733: 8732: 8728: 8717: 8713: 8702: 8698: 8688: 8674: 8670: 8662: 8653: 8643: 8641: 8634: 8616: 8612: 8604: 8597: 8592: 8588: 8577: 8573: 8566: 8552: 8548: 8537: 8526: 8518: 8511: 8495: 8494: 8486: 8479: 8448: 8444: 8434: 8432: 8417: 8409:. p. 397. 8389: 8385: 8375: 8373: 8360: 8359: 8355: 8345: 8343: 8320:(S1): 476–487. 8306: 8302: 8287: 8273: 8266: 8248: 8234: 8227: 8217: 8210: 8197: 8193: 8177: 8163: 8159: 8147: 8143: 8130: 8128: 8113: 8106: 8092: 8090: 8075: 8068: 8039: 8018: 8011: 7997: 7993: 7983: 7981: 7968: 7964: 7933: 7926: 7916: 7914: 7901: 7900: 7896: 7881: 7867: 7863: 7832: 7823: 7808: 7794: 7790: 7780: 7771: 7761: 7759: 7752: 7714: 7710: 7705:on 9 July 2012. 7693: 7692: 7688: 7684: 7679: 7678: 7673: 7669: 7664: 7659: 7646:Siege of Medina 7632: 7626: 7614: 7607: 7606: 7528: 7521: 7520: 7428: 7421: 7420: 7405: 7398: 7397: 7294: 7288: 7286: 7276: 7269: 7268: 7253: 7246: 7245: 7228: 7221: 7220: 7130: 7124: 7122: 7112: 7106: 7101: 7086: 7079: 7078: 7061: 7054: 7053: 6926: 6920: 6918:Sharif of Mecca 6915: 6757: 6753:Sharif of Mecca 6750: 6749: 6667: 6590: 6292: 6288:Sharif of Mecca 6285: 6284: 6206: 6202:Sharif of Mecca 6199: 6198: 6121: 6117:Sharif of Mecca 6114: 6113: 6107: 6034: 6030:Sharif of Mecca 6027: 6026: 5950: 5946:Sharif of Mecca 5943: 5942: 5864: 5860:Sharif of Mecca 5857: 5856: 5778: 5774:Sharif of Mecca 5771: 5770: 5692: 5688:Sharif of Mecca 5685: 5684: 5605: 5601:Sharif of Mecca 5598: 5597: 5518: 5514:Sharif of Mecca 5511: 5510: 5504: 5431: 5427:Sharif of Mecca 5424: 5423: 5270: 5266:Sharif of Mecca 5263: 5262: 5030: 4353: 4199: 4126: 4119: 4118: 4049: 4042: 4041: 3961: 3957:Islamic prophet 3954: 3953: 3832: 3732:Abd al-Muttalib 3729: 3656: 3653: 3652: 3602: 3597: 3568: 3477: 3434: 3391: 3361: 3356: 3338: 3333: 3291:Princess Saleha 3256:Princess Fatima 3250:Nahda bint Uman 3238:Prince Abdullah 3174: 3104:Raghadan Palace 3088: 3044:Turkish Cypriot 3021:Turkish Cypriot 2942: 2879: 2804:, according to 2798:Ottoman Caliphs 2738:Ottoman dynasty 2701: 2695: 2593:Hogarth Message 2589: 2561: 2487: 2477: 2465:Masjid al-Haram 2438: 2382: 2376: 2366:and ultimately 2352:Austria-Hungary 2255:siege to Medina 2212:Battle of Mecca 2151: 2145: 2013: 2007: 1737:Fatimid dynasty 1729:Umayyad dynasty 1721:Abbasid dynasty 1708: 1702: 1697: 1695:The Arab Revolt 1669:Idrisid Emirate 1657: 1609: 1568: 1562: 1557: 1541: 1459:Arabic language 1451: 1420: 1373:Sharif of Mecca 1361: 1355: 1350: 1345: 1294:Ali bin Hussein 1113: 1110: 1109: 1108: 1079: 1041: 1039: 1032: 1031: 1008:Salafi jihadism 966:Other religions 961:Arabic language 923: 913: 912: 841:Moral teachings 732: 718: 717: 708:Spread of Islam 653: 643: 642: 630:(jurisprudence) 612:Qisas al-Anbiya 561: 560: 540: 539: 508: 498: 497: 453: 410: 372:Military career 313: 302:Princess Saliha 294:Princess Fatima 268: 243: 233:Noble Sanctuary 212: 193: 146:Ali bin Hussein 111:Ali bin Hussein 77: 61: 57: 42: 41: 40:Hussein bin Ali 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 14239: 14229: 14228: 14223: 14218: 14213: 14208: 14203: 14198: 14193: 14188: 14183: 14178: 14173: 14168: 14163: 14158: 14153: 14148: 14143: 14138: 14133: 14131:Kings of Hejaz 14128: 14123: 14118: 14113: 14111:Flag designers 14108: 14103: 14098: 14093: 14088: 14083: 14078: 14073: 14068: 14049: 14048: 14046: 14045: 14034: 14031: 14030: 14028: 14027: 14022: 14017: 14012: 14007: 14002: 13997: 13992: 13987: 13982: 13977: 13972: 13967: 13962: 13957: 13952: 13946: 13944: 13943:Related topics 13940: 13939: 13937: 13936: 13931: 13926: 13921: 13916: 13911: 13905: 13903: 13897: 13896: 13894: 13893: 13886: 13879: 13871: 13869: 13865: 13864: 13862: 13861: 13856: 13851: 13846: 13841: 13836: 13831: 13826: 13821: 13816: 13811: 13809:Islamic Legion 13806: 13801: 13796: 13791: 13786: 13781: 13776: 13771: 13766: 13761: 13756: 13751: 13746: 13741: 13736: 13731: 13726: 13721: 13716: 13711: 13706: 13701: 13699:Al-Mourabitoun 13696: 13691: 13685: 13683: 13677: 13676: 13674: 13673: 13668: 13666:Hamdeen Sabahi 13663: 13658: 13656:Fuad al-Rikabi 13653: 13648: 13646:Adnan Pachachi 13643: 13638: 13633: 13628: 13623: 13618: 13616:Saddam Hussein 13613: 13608: 13606:Sati' al-Husri 13603: 13598: 13593: 13588: 13583: 13578: 13573: 13568: 13563: 13558: 13553: 13548: 13543: 13541:Hafez al-Assad 13538: 13533: 13531:Zaki al-Arsuzi 13528: 13523: 13518: 13513: 13508: 13503: 13497: 13495: 13489: 13488: 13486: 13485: 13480: 13475: 13470: 13464: 13462: 13458: 13457: 13455: 13454: 13449: 13444: 13439: 13434: 13429: 13424: 13419: 13414: 13412:Aden Emergency 13409: 13404: 13399: 13394: 13389: 13384: 13379: 13374: 13369: 13364: 13359: 13357:Iraqi Intifada 13354: 13349: 13348: 13347: 13342: 13340:Yom Kippur War 13337: 13332: 13327: 13317: 13312: 13307: 13302: 13301: 13300: 13290: 13285: 13284: 13283: 13273: 13267: 13265: 13261: 13260: 13258: 13257: 13252: 13247: 13242: 13237: 13235:Arab socialism 13231: 13229: 13225: 13224: 13217: 13216: 13209: 13202: 13194: 13186: 13185: 13180: 13153: 13148: 13144: 13143: 13137: 13136: 13131: 13127: 13126: 13116: 13113: 13102: 13097: 13093: 13092: 13088: 13087: 13082: 13079: 13070: 13060: 13056: 13055: 13043: 13040: 13024: 13019: 13012: 13011: 13010:Regnal titles 13007: 13006: 12976: 12973: 12968: 12967: 12952: 12951:External links 12949: 12948: 12947: 12927:Krämer, Gudrun 12914: 12911: 12910: 12909: 12876: 12862: 12855: 12833: 12830: 12828: 12827: 12801: 12787: 12781:. I.B.Tauris. 12764: 12745: 12725: 12710: 12696:, 4 May 2020, 12683: 12652: 12626: 12596: 12566: 12549:www.factjo.com 12536: 12506: 12489:alrainewspaper 12476: 12445: 12415: 12385: 12355: 12325: 12306: 12286: 12258: 12228: 12198: 12168: 12137: 12107: 12100: 12082: 12051: 12032: 12012: 11986: 11960: 11929: 11899: 11884: 11878:. p. 42. 11874:(PhD thesis). 11859: 11847: 11818: 11795: 11775: 11754: 11720: 11701:(5): 733–755. 11685: 11649: 11630: 11610: 11583: 11556: 11525: 11506:(5): 733–755. 11455: 11436:(5): 733–755. 11420: 11391: 11372: 11349: 11314: 11295: 11275: 11239: 11209: 11175: 11156:(3): 285–296. 11140: 11103: 11068: 11061: 11043: 11027: 11006: 10999: 10976: 10961:(in Turkish). 10942: 10895:(11): e20993. 10870: 10835: 10823: 10796: 10783: 10753: 10720: 10689: 10656: 10637: 10630: 10609: 10574: 10543: 10528:(2): 511–518. 10508: 10478: 10448: 10418: 10388: 10366: 10336: 10317: 10287: 10253: 10220: 10190: 10160: 10149: 10131: 10120:on 25 May 2019 10098: 10072: 10065: 10047: 10032: 10023: 10011: 9980: 9954: 9947: 9921: 9919:Murphy, p. 34. 9903: 9894: 9875: 9836: 9808: 9777: 9743: 9728:(in Turkish). 9705: 9672: 9653: 9630: 9599: 9580: 9560: 9533: 9510: 9490: 9464: 9449: 9431: 9429:. p. 18. 9415: 9392: 9385: 9377:Lion of Jordan 9362: 9355: 9337: 9330: 9305: 9290: 9272: 9253:(2): 115–141. 9237: 9202: 9175:(2): 208–227. 9159: 9134: 9119: 9101: 9086: 9068: 9038: 9031: 9013: 8992:(7): 241–264. 8972: 8960: 8927: 8897: 8867: 8825: 8810: 8792: 8777: 8756: 8726: 8711: 8696: 8686: 8668: 8651: 8632: 8610: 8595: 8586: 8571: 8564: 8546: 8524: 8509: 8477: 8458:(5): 733–755. 8442: 8415: 8383: 8353: 8300: 8285: 8264: 8246: 8225: 8208: 8191: 8175: 8157: 8141: 8104: 8066: 8053:(2): 312–335. 8016: 8009: 7991: 7962: 7943:(2): 184–185. 7924: 7894: 7879: 7861: 7842:(1): 103–122. 7821: 7806: 7788: 7769: 7750: 7708: 7685: 7683: 7680: 7677: 7676: 7666: 7665: 7663: 7660: 7658: 7655: 7654: 7653: 7651:Suleiman Mousa 7648: 7643: 7638: 7631: 7628: 7622: 7621: 7618: 7616: 7615: 7599: 7597: 7595: 7593: 7591: 7589: 7587: 7585: 7583: 7581: 7579: 7577: 7575: 7573: 7570: 7568: 7567: 7565: 7563: 7561: 7559: 7557: 7555: 7553: 7551: 7549: 7547: 7545: 7543: 7541: 7539: 7537: 7535: 7532: 7530: 7529: 7524:King of Jordan 7508: 7506: 7504: 7502: 7500: 7498: 7496: 7494: 7492: 7490: 7488: 7486: 7484: 7482: 7479: 7477: 7476: 7474: 7472: 7470: 7468: 7466: 7464: 7462: 7460: 7458: 7456: 7454: 7452: 7450: 7448: 7446: 7444: 7441: 7439: 7438: 7431: 7429: 7408: 7406: 7401:King of Jordan 7385: 7383: 7381: 7379: 7377: 7375: 7373: 7371: 7369: 7367: 7365: 7363: 7361: 7359: 7356: 7354: 7353: 7351: 7349: 7347: 7345: 7343: 7341: 7339: 7337: 7335: 7333: 7331: 7329: 7327: 7325: 7323: 7321: 7319: 7317: 7315: 7313: 7311: 7309: 7307: 7305: 7303: 7301: 7298: 7296: 7295: 7279: 7277: 7256: 7254: 7249:King of Jordan 7233: 7231: 7229: 7224:Regent of Iraq 7213: 7211: 7209: 7207: 7205: 7203: 7201: 7199: 7197: 7194: 7192: 7191: 7189: 7187: 7185: 7183: 7181: 7179: 7177: 7175: 7173: 7171: 7169: 7167: 7165: 7163: 7161: 7159: 7157: 7155: 7153: 7151: 7149: 7147: 7145: 7143: 7141: 7139: 7137: 7134: 7132: 7131: 7115: 7113: 7089: 7087: 7082:King of Jordan 7066: 7064: 7062: 7041: 7039: 7037: 7035: 7033: 7031: 7029: 7027: 7025: 7022: 7021: 7019: 7017: 7015: 7013: 7011: 7009: 7007: 7005: 7003: 7001: 6999: 6997: 6995: 6993: 6991: 6989: 6986: 6985: 6983: 6981: 6979: 6977: 6975: 6973: 6971: 6969: 6967: 6965: 6963: 6961: 6959: 6957: 6955: 6953: 6951: 6949: 6947: 6945: 6943: 6941: 6939: 6937: 6935: 6933: 6930: 6928: 6927: 6903: 6901: 6899: 6897: 6895: 6893: 6891: 6889: 6887: 6885: 6883: 6881: 6879: 6877: 6874: 6872: 6871: 6869: 6867: 6865: 6863: 6861: 6859: 6857: 6855: 6853: 6851: 6849: 6847: 6845: 6843: 6841: 6839: 6836: 6834: 6833: 6828: 6826: 6824: 6822: 6820: 6818: 6816: 6814: 6812: 6810: 6808: 6806: 6804: 6802: 6799: 6797: 6796: 6794: 6792: 6790: 6788: 6786: 6784: 6782: 6780: 6778: 6776: 6774: 6772: 6770: 6768: 6766: 6764: 6761: 6759: 6758: 6742: 6740: 6738: 6736: 6734: 6732: 6730: 6728: 6726: 6724: 6722: 6720: 6718: 6716: 6713: 6711: 6710: 6708: 6706: 6704: 6702: 6700: 6698: 6696: 6694: 6692: 6690: 6688: 6686: 6684: 6682: 6680: 6678: 6675: 6673: 6672: 6665: 6663: 6661: 6659: 6657: 6655: 6653: 6651: 6649: 6647: 6645: 6643: 6641: 6639: 6636: 6634: 6633: 6631: 6629: 6627: 6625: 6623: 6621: 6619: 6617: 6615: 6613: 6611: 6609: 6607: 6605: 6603: 6601: 6598: 6596: 6595: 6588: 6586: 6584: 6582: 6580: 6578: 6576: 6574: 6572: 6570: 6568: 6566: 6564: 6562: 6559: 6557: 6556: 6554: 6552: 6550: 6548: 6546: 6544: 6542: 6540: 6538: 6536: 6534: 6532: 6530: 6528: 6526: 6524: 6521: 6519: 6518: 6513: 6511: 6509: 6507: 6505: 6503: 6501: 6499: 6497: 6495: 6493: 6491: 6489: 6487: 6484: 6482: 6481: 6479: 6477: 6475: 6473: 6471: 6469: 6467: 6465: 6463: 6461: 6459: 6457: 6455: 6453: 6451: 6449: 6446: 6444: 6443: 6438: 6436: 6434: 6432: 6430: 6428: 6426: 6424: 6422: 6420: 6418: 6416: 6414: 6412: 6409: 6407: 6406: 6404: 6402: 6400: 6398: 6396: 6394: 6392: 6390: 6388: 6386: 6384: 6382: 6380: 6378: 6376: 6374: 6371: 6369: 6368: 6363: 6361: 6359: 6357: 6355: 6353: 6351: 6349: 6347: 6345: 6343: 6341: 6339: 6337: 6334: 6332: 6331: 6329: 6327: 6325: 6323: 6321: 6319: 6317: 6315: 6313: 6311: 6309: 6307: 6305: 6303: 6301: 6299: 6296: 6294: 6293: 6277: 6275: 6273: 6271: 6269: 6267: 6265: 6263: 6261: 6259: 6257: 6255: 6253: 6251: 6248: 6246: 6245: 6243: 6241: 6239: 6237: 6235: 6233: 6231: 6229: 6227: 6225: 6223: 6221: 6219: 6217: 6215: 6213: 6210: 6208: 6207: 6193: 6191: 6189: 6187: 6185: 6183: 6181: 6179: 6177: 6175: 6173: 6171: 6169: 6167: 6164: 6162: 6161: 6159: 6157: 6155: 6153: 6151: 6149: 6147: 6145: 6143: 6141: 6139: 6137: 6135: 6133: 6131: 6129: 6126: 6124: 6123: 6105: 6103: 6101: 6099: 6097: 6095: 6093: 6091: 6089: 6087: 6085: 6083: 6081: 6079: 6076: 6074: 6073: 6071: 6069: 6067: 6065: 6063: 6061: 6059: 6057: 6055: 6053: 6051: 6049: 6047: 6045: 6043: 6041: 6038: 6036: 6035: 6021: 6019: 6017: 6015: 6013: 6011: 6009: 6007: 6005: 6003: 6001: 5999: 5997: 5995: 5992: 5990: 5989: 5987: 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5203: 5201: 5199: 5197: 5195: 5193: 5191: 5188: 5186: 5185: 5180: 5178: 5176: 5174: 5172: 5170: 5168: 5166: 5164: 5162: 5160: 5158: 5156: 5154: 5151: 5149: 5148: 5146: 5144: 5142: 5140: 5138: 5136: 5134: 5132: 5130: 5128: 5126: 5124: 5122: 5120: 5118: 5116: 5113: 5111: 5110: 5105: 5103: 5101: 5099: 5097: 5095: 5093: 5091: 5089: 5087: 5085: 5083: 5081: 5079: 5076: 5074: 5073: 5071: 5069: 5067: 5065: 5063: 5061: 5059: 5057: 5055: 5053: 5051: 5049: 5047: 5045: 5043: 5041: 5038: 5036: 5035: 5028: 5026: 5024: 5022: 5020: 5018: 5016: 5014: 5012: 5010: 5008: 5006: 5004: 5002: 4999: 4997: 4996: 4994: 4992: 4990: 4988: 4986: 4984: 4982: 4980: 4978: 4976: 4974: 4972: 4970: 4968: 4966: 4964: 4961: 4959: 4958: 4953: 4951: 4949: 4947: 4945: 4943: 4941: 4939: 4937: 4935: 4933: 4931: 4929: 4927: 4924: 4922: 4921: 4919: 4917: 4915: 4913: 4911: 4909: 4907: 4905: 4903: 4901: 4899: 4897: 4895: 4893: 4891: 4889: 4886: 4884: 4883: 4878: 4876: 4874: 4872: 4870: 4868: 4866: 4864: 4862: 4860: 4858: 4856: 4854: 4852: 4849: 4847: 4846: 4844: 4842: 4840: 4838: 4836: 4834: 4832: 4830: 4828: 4826: 4824: 4822: 4820: 4818: 4816: 4814: 4811: 4809: 4808: 4803: 4801: 4799: 4797: 4795: 4793: 4791: 4789: 4787: 4785: 4783: 4781: 4779: 4777: 4774: 4772: 4771: 4769: 4767: 4765: 4763: 4761: 4759: 4757: 4755: 4753: 4751: 4749: 4747: 4745: 4743: 4741: 4739: 4736: 4734: 4733: 4728: 4726: 4724: 4722: 4720: 4718: 4716: 4714: 4712: 4710: 4708: 4706: 4704: 4702: 4699: 4697: 4696: 4694: 4692: 4690: 4688: 4686: 4684: 4682: 4680: 4678: 4676: 4674: 4672: 4670: 4668: 4666: 4664: 4661: 4659: 4658: 4653: 4651: 4649: 4647: 4645: 4643: 4641: 4639: 4637: 4635: 4633: 4631: 4629: 4627: 4624: 4622: 4621: 4619: 4617: 4615: 4613: 4611: 4609: 4607: 4605: 4603: 4601: 4599: 4597: 4595: 4593: 4591: 4589: 4586: 4584: 4583: 4578: 4576: 4574: 4572: 4570: 4568: 4566: 4564: 4562: 4560: 4558: 4556: 4554: 4552: 4549: 4547: 4546: 4544: 4542: 4540: 4538: 4536: 4534: 4532: 4530: 4528: 4526: 4524: 4522: 4520: 4518: 4516: 4514: 4511: 4509: 4508: 4503: 4501: 4499: 4497: 4495: 4493: 4491: 4489: 4487: 4485: 4483: 4481: 4479: 4477: 4474: 4472: 4471: 4469: 4467: 4465: 4463: 4461: 4459: 4457: 4455: 4453: 4451: 4449: 4447: 4445: 4443: 4441: 4439: 4436: 4434: 4433: 4428: 4426: 4424: 4422: 4420: 4418: 4416: 4414: 4412: 4410: 4408: 4406: 4404: 4402: 4399: 4397: 4396: 4394: 4392: 4390: 4388: 4386: 4384: 4382: 4380: 4378: 4376: 4374: 4372: 4370: 4368: 4366: 4364: 4361: 4359: 4358: 4351: 4349: 4347: 4345: 4343: 4341: 4339: 4337: 4335: 4333: 4331: 4329: 4327: 4325: 4322: 4320: 4319: 4317: 4315: 4313: 4311: 4309: 4307: 4305: 4303: 4301: 4299: 4297: 4295: 4293: 4291: 4289: 4287: 4284: 4282: 4281: 4276: 4274: 4272: 4270: 4268: 4266: 4264: 4262: 4260: 4258: 4256: 4254: 4252: 4250: 4247: 4245: 4244: 4242: 4240: 4238: 4236: 4234: 4232: 4230: 4228: 4226: 4224: 4222: 4220: 4218: 4216: 4214: 4212: 4209: 4207: 4206: 4197: 4195: 4193: 4191: 4189: 4187: 4185: 4183: 4181: 4179: 4177: 4175: 4173: 4171: 4168: 4166: 4165: 4163: 4161: 4159: 4157: 4155: 4153: 4151: 4149: 4147: 4145: 4143: 4141: 4139: 4137: 4135: 4133: 4130: 4128: 4127: 4111: 4109: 4107: 4105: 4103: 4101: 4099: 4097: 4095: 4093: 4091: 4089: 4087: 4085: 4082: 4081: 4079: 4077: 4075: 4073: 4071: 4068: 4067: 4060: 4058: 4056: 4054: 4052: 4050: 4034: 4032: 4030: 4028: 4026: 4024: 4022: 4020: 4018: 4016: 4013: 4011: 4010: 4008: 4006: 4004: 4002: 4000: 3998: 3996: 3994: 3992: 3990: 3988: 3986: 3984: 3982: 3980: 3978: 3976: 3974: 3972: 3970: 3968: 3965: 3963: 3962: 3946: 3944: 3942: 3940: 3938: 3936: 3934: 3932: 3930: 3928: 3926: 3924: 3922: 3920: 3918: 3916: 3914: 3912: 3910: 3907: 3905: 3904: 3902: 3900: 3898: 3896: 3894: 3892: 3890: 3888: 3886: 3884: 3882: 3880: 3878: 3876: 3874: 3872: 3870: 3868: 3866: 3864: 3862: 3859: 3857: 3856: 3849: 3847: 3845: 3843: 3841: 3839: 3830: 3828: 3826: 3824: 3822: 3820: 3818: 3816: 3814: 3812: 3809: 3808: 3806: 3804: 3802: 3800: 3798: 3796: 3794: 3792: 3790: 3787: 3786: 3784: 3782: 3780: 3778: 3776: 3774: 3772: 3770: 3768: 3766: 3764: 3762: 3760: 3758: 3756: 3754: 3752: 3750: 3748: 3746: 3744: 3742: 3739: 3737: 3736: 3727: 3725: 3723: 3721: 3719: 3717: 3715: 3713: 3711: 3709: 3707: 3705: 3703: 3701: 3698: 3696: 3695: 3693: 3691: 3689: 3687: 3685: 3683: 3681: 3679: 3677: 3675: 3673: 3671: 3669: 3667: 3665: 3663: 3660: 3658: 3657: 3645: 3643: 3641: 3639: 3637: 3635: 3633: 3631: 3629: 3627: 3625: 3623: 3621: 3619: 3612: 3611: 3608: 3607: 3604: 3603: 3598: 3596: 3595: 3588: 3581: 3573: 3567: 3564: 3563: 3562: 3550: 3538: 3526: 3514: 3502: 3490: 3476: 3473: 3433: 3430: 3399:Serzh Sargsyan 3390: 3387: 3360: 3357: 3355: 3352: 3337: 3334: 3332: 3329: 3328: 3327: 3313: 3299: 3298: 3284: 3283: 3278:, daughter of 3276:Aliya bint Ali 3260: 3259: 3253: 3235: 3232: 3225:Aliya bint Ali 3210: 3209: 3195: 3192: 3189: 3173: 3170: 3087: 3084: 2941: 2938: 2920:, was briefly 2878: 2875: 2825:Hubert Lyautey 2802:Ottoman Sultan 2697:Main article: 2694: 2691: 2683:United Kingdom 2625:Colonel Wilson 2597:Bassett Letter 2588: 2585: 2560: 2557: 2476: 2473: 2469:al-Aqsa mosque 2437: 2434: 2378:Main article: 2375: 2372: 2316:Tafas massacre 2206:, 16 July 1916 2147:Main article: 2144: 2141: 2083:, the British 2070:Triple Entente 2066:Lord Kitchener 2009:Main article: 2006: 2003: 1953:Ottoman Empire 1926:Ottoman Empire 1902:independentist 1805:Ottoman Empire 1704:Main article: 1701: 1698: 1696: 1693: 1673:Idrisid forces 1656: 1653: 1608: 1605: 1580:Abdul Hamid II 1561: 1558: 1556: 1553: 1540: 1537: 1473:. With Sheikh 1450: 1447: 1432:Constantinople 1419: 1416: 1365:Constantinople 1354: 1351: 1349: 1346: 1344: 1341: 1337:Al-Aqsa mosque 1304:armies of the 1218:Ottoman Empire 1201:Abdul Hamid II 1198:Ottoman sultan 1143:Ottoman Empire 1129:branch of the 1081: 1080: 1078: 1077: 1070: 1063: 1055: 1052: 1051: 1050: 1049: 1034: 1033: 1030: 1029: 1023: 1022: 1021: 1020: 1015: 1010: 1005: 995: 990: 989: 988: 983: 973: 968: 963: 957: 956: 955: 954: 949: 944: 936: 935: 930: 924: 921:Related topics 919: 918: 915: 914: 911: 910: 905: 903:Social welfare 900: 895: 894: 893: 883: 878: 873: 868: 863: 858: 853: 848: 843: 838: 833: 828: 823: 818: 813: 808: 803: 798: 797: 796: 791: 781: 780: 779: 769: 764: 759: 754: 749: 744: 739: 733: 724: 723: 720: 719: 716: 715: 710: 705: 700: 695: 689: 688: 681: 674: 666: 665: 660: 654: 649: 648: 645: 644: 641: 640: 632: 623: 622: 616: 608: 600: 591: 590: 570: 562: 559: 558: 553: 547: 546: 545: 542: 541: 538: 537: 532: 527: 521: 520: 515: 509: 504: 503: 500: 499: 496: 495: 493:Predestination 489: 488: 483: 477: 476: 474:Revealed Books 471: 465: 464: 454: 449: 448: 445: 444: 436: 435: 429: 428: 416: 415: 412: 411: 409: 408: 402: 400: 396: 395: 393:Sharifian Army 390: 384: 383: 378: 374: 373: 369: 368: 365: 364: 359: 355: 354: 351: 347: 346: 343: 339: 338: 333: 327: 326: 321: 315: 314: 312: 311: 306: 303: 300: 295: 292: 287: 284: 278: 276: 270: 269: 267: 266: 261: 258: 255: 251: 249: 245: 244: 227: 225: 221: 220: 211:(aged 77) 206: 202: 201: 199:Ottoman Empire 195:Constantinople 190: 186: 185: 182: 181: 178: 174: 173: 168: 164: 163: 160: 156: 155: 149: 148: 143: 139: 138: 133: 129: 128: 125: 121: 120: 114: 113: 108: 104: 103: 98: 94: 93: 90: 86: 85: 79: 78: 75: 67: 66: 50: 49: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 14238: 14227: 14224: 14222: 14219: 14217: 14214: 14212: 14209: 14207: 14204: 14202: 14199: 14197: 14194: 14192: 14189: 14187: 14184: 14182: 14179: 14177: 14174: 14172: 14169: 14167: 14164: 14162: 14159: 14157: 14154: 14152: 14149: 14147: 14144: 14142: 14139: 14137: 14134: 14132: 14129: 14127: 14124: 14122: 14119: 14117: 14114: 14112: 14109: 14107: 14104: 14102: 14099: 14097: 14094: 14092: 14089: 14087: 14084: 14082: 14079: 14077: 14074: 14072: 14069: 14067: 14064: 14063: 14061: 14054: 14044: 14036: 14035: 14032: 14026: 14023: 14021: 14018: 14016: 14013: 14011: 14008: 14006: 14003: 14001: 13998: 13996: 13993: 13991: 13988: 13986: 13983: 13981: 13978: 13976: 13975:Greater Yemen 13973: 13971: 13970:Greater Syria 13968: 13966: 13963: 13961: 13958: 13956: 13953: 13951: 13948: 13947: 13945: 13941: 13935: 13932: 13930: 13927: 13925: 13922: 13920: 13917: 13915: 13912: 13910: 13907: 13906: 13904: 13902: 13898: 13892: 13891: 13887: 13885: 13884: 13880: 13878: 13877: 13873: 13872: 13870: 13866: 13860: 13857: 13855: 13852: 13850: 13847: 13845: 13842: 13840: 13837: 13835: 13832: 13830: 13827: 13825: 13822: 13820: 13817: 13815: 13812: 13810: 13807: 13805: 13802: 13800: 13797: 13795: 13792: 13790: 13787: 13785: 13782: 13780: 13777: 13775: 13772: 13770: 13767: 13765: 13762: 13760: 13757: 13755: 13752: 13750: 13747: 13745: 13742: 13740: 13737: 13735: 13732: 13730: 13727: 13725: 13722: 13720: 13717: 13715: 13712: 13710: 13707: 13705: 13702: 13700: 13697: 13695: 13692: 13690: 13687: 13686: 13684: 13682: 13681:Organizations 13678: 13672: 13669: 13667: 13664: 13662: 13659: 13657: 13654: 13652: 13649: 13647: 13644: 13642: 13639: 13637: 13634: 13632: 13629: 13627: 13624: 13622: 13619: 13617: 13614: 13612: 13609: 13607: 13604: 13602: 13601:George Habash 13599: 13597: 13594: 13592: 13589: 13587: 13584: 13582: 13581:Izzat Darwaza 13579: 13577: 13574: 13572: 13569: 13567: 13564: 13562: 13559: 13557: 13554: 13552: 13549: 13547: 13544: 13542: 13539: 13537: 13534: 13532: 13529: 13527: 13524: 13522: 13519: 13517: 13516:Yasser Arafat 13514: 13512: 13509: 13507: 13504: 13502: 13499: 13498: 13496: 13494: 13493:Personalities 13490: 13484: 13481: 13479: 13476: 13474: 13471: 13469: 13468:Arab identity 13466: 13465: 13463: 13459: 13453: 13450: 13448: 13445: 13443: 13440: 13438: 13435: 13433: 13430: 13428: 13425: 13423: 13420: 13418: 13415: 13413: 13410: 13408: 13405: 13403: 13400: 13398: 13395: 13393: 13390: 13388: 13385: 13383: 13382:Arab Cold War 13380: 13378: 13375: 13373: 13370: 13368: 13365: 13363: 13360: 13358: 13355: 13353: 13350: 13346: 13343: 13341: 13338: 13336: 13333: 13331: 13328: 13326: 13323: 13322: 13321: 13318: 13316: 13313: 13311: 13308: 13306: 13303: 13299: 13296: 13295: 13294: 13291: 13289: 13286: 13282: 13279: 13278: 13277: 13274: 13272: 13269: 13268: 13266: 13262: 13256: 13253: 13251: 13248: 13246: 13243: 13241: 13238: 13236: 13233: 13232: 13230: 13226: 13222: 13215: 13210: 13208: 13203: 13201: 13196: 13195: 13192: 13184: 13167: 13166: 13165: 13158: 13151: 13150:Abdülmecid II 13145: 13142: 13138: 13134: 13128: 13124: 13123: 13108: 13107: 13100: 13094: 13089: 13085: 13076: 13075: 13068: 13067: 13057: 13053: 13052: 13046: 13039: 13038:King of Hejaz 13035: 13028: 13022: 13017: 13013: 13008: 13003: 12996: 12991: 12989: 12985: 12980: 12971: 12966: 12962: 12958: 12955: 12954: 12944: 12940: 12936: 12932: 12928: 12923: 12917: 12916: 12906: 12902: 12898: 12894: 12890: 12886: 12882: 12877: 12875: 12871: 12867: 12863: 12858: 12852: 12848: 12844: 12840: 12836: 12835: 12815: 12814:alhussein.gov 12811: 12810:"Family tree" 12805: 12790: 12788:9781860643316 12784: 12780: 12779: 12774: 12768: 12752: 12748: 12742: 12738: 12737: 12729: 12721: 12714: 12699: 12695: 12694: 12687: 12671: 12668:(in Arabic). 12667: 12663: 12656: 12641: 12637: 12630: 12614: 12610: 12606: 12600: 12584: 12580: 12576: 12570: 12554: 12550: 12546: 12540: 12524: 12521:(in Arabic). 12520: 12516: 12510: 12494: 12490: 12486: 12480: 12464: 12460: 12456: 12449: 12433: 12429: 12425: 12419: 12403: 12399: 12395: 12389: 12373: 12369: 12365: 12359: 12343: 12339: 12335: 12329: 12313: 12309: 12303: 12299: 12298: 12290: 12275: 12271: 12270: 12262: 12246: 12242: 12238: 12232: 12216: 12212: 12208: 12202: 12186: 12182: 12181:armenpress.am 12178: 12172: 12156: 12152: 12148: 12141: 12125: 12121: 12117: 12111: 12103: 12097: 12093: 12086: 12070: 12067:(in Arabic). 12066: 12062: 12059:التل, مصطفى. 12055: 12039: 12035: 12029: 12025: 12024: 12016: 12000: 11996: 11990: 11974: 11970: 11964: 11948: 11945:(in Arabic). 11944: 11940: 11933: 11917: 11913: 11909: 11903: 11895: 11891: 11887: 11881: 11877: 11873: 11869: 11863: 11857:, p. 78. 11856: 11851: 11835: 11831: 11830: 11822: 11815: 11802: 11798: 11792: 11788: 11787: 11779: 11772: 11768: 11764: 11758: 11742: 11739:(in Arabic). 11738: 11734: 11727: 11725: 11716: 11712: 11708: 11704: 11700: 11696: 11689: 11683: 11679: 11676: 11672: 11668: 11664: 11661: 11656: 11654: 11637: 11633: 11627: 11623: 11622: 11614: 11598: 11594: 11587: 11581: 11577: 11574: 11570: 11566: 11560: 11544: 11540: 11536: 11529: 11521: 11517: 11513: 11509: 11505: 11501: 11494: 11492: 11490: 11488: 11486: 11484: 11482: 11480: 11478: 11476: 11474: 11472: 11470: 11468: 11466: 11464: 11462: 11460: 11451: 11447: 11443: 11439: 11435: 11431: 11424: 11408: 11405:(in Arabic). 11404: 11403: 11395: 11379: 11375: 11369: 11365: 11364: 11356: 11354: 11345: 11341: 11337: 11333: 11329: 11325: 11318: 11302: 11298: 11292: 11288: 11287: 11279: 11263: 11260:(in Arabic). 11259: 11255: 11248: 11246: 11244: 11227: 11223: 11219: 11213: 11206: 11194: 11191:(in Arabic). 11190: 11186: 11179: 11171: 11167: 11163: 11159: 11155: 11151: 11144: 11137: 11125: 11122:(in Arabic). 11121: 11117: 11110: 11108: 11099: 11095: 11091: 11087: 11083: 11079: 11072: 11064: 11058: 11054: 11047: 11038: 11034: 11030: 11024: 11020: 11013: 11011: 11002: 10996: 10992: 10985: 10983: 10981: 10964: 10960: 10956: 10949: 10947: 10938: 10934: 10929: 10924: 10920: 10916: 10911: 10906: 10902: 10898: 10894: 10890: 10886: 10879: 10877: 10875: 10858: 10854: 10850: 10844: 10842: 10840: 10830: 10828: 10819: 10815: 10811: 10807: 10800: 10793: 10787: 10771: 10767: 10763: 10757: 10750: 10746: 10742: 10738: 10734: 10727: 10725: 10708: 10704: 10700: 10693: 10677: 10673: 10669: 10663: 10661: 10654: 10650: 10647: 10641: 10633: 10627: 10623: 10616: 10614: 10597: 10593: 10589: 10583: 10581: 10579: 10562: 10558: 10554: 10547: 10531: 10527: 10523: 10519: 10512: 10496: 10492: 10488: 10482: 10466: 10462: 10458: 10452: 10436: 10432: 10428: 10422: 10406: 10402: 10398: 10392: 10386: 10382: 10379: 10375: 10370: 10354: 10350: 10346: 10340: 10332: 10321: 10305: 10301: 10297: 10291: 10275: 10271: 10267: 10260: 10258: 10241: 10238:(in Arabic). 10237: 10233: 10227: 10225: 10208: 10205:(in Arabic). 10204: 10203:رؤيا الأخباري 10200: 10194: 10178: 10174: 10170: 10164: 10157: 10152: 10146: 10142: 10135: 10116: 10109: 10102: 10086: 10082: 10076: 10068: 10062: 10058: 10051: 10043: 10036: 10027: 10021:, p. 368 10020: 10015: 9999: 9991: 9984: 9968: 9964: 9958: 9950: 9944: 9940: 9936: 9932: 9925: 9916: 9914: 9912: 9910: 9908: 9898: 9882: 9878: 9872: 9868: 9867: 9859: 9857: 9855: 9853: 9851: 9849: 9847: 9845: 9843: 9841: 9833: 9828: 9823: 9819: 9812: 9796: 9792: 9788: 9781: 9774: 9762: 9759:(in French). 9758: 9754: 9747: 9731: 9727: 9723: 9716: 9714: 9712: 9710: 9693: 9689: 9685: 9679: 9677: 9660: 9656: 9650: 9646: 9645: 9637: 9635: 9618: 9615:(in French). 9614: 9610: 9603: 9587: 9583: 9577: 9573: 9572: 9564: 9556: 9552: 9548: 9544: 9537: 9530: 9517: 9513: 9507: 9503: 9502: 9494: 9478: 9474: 9468: 9460: 9456: 9452: 9446: 9442: 9435: 9428: 9424: 9419: 9411: 9407: 9403: 9396: 9388: 9382: 9378: 9371: 9369: 9367: 9358: 9352: 9348: 9341: 9333: 9327: 9323: 9316: 9314: 9312: 9310: 9301: 9297: 9293: 9287: 9283: 9276: 9268: 9264: 9260: 9256: 9252: 9248: 9241: 9234: 9221: 9217: 9216:Him 1990–2015 9213: 9206: 9198: 9194: 9190: 9186: 9182: 9178: 9174: 9170: 9163: 9148: 9144: 9138: 9130: 9126: 9122: 9116: 9113:. Routledge. 9112: 9105: 9097: 9093: 9089: 9083: 9079: 9072: 9056: 9052: 9048: 9042: 9034: 9028: 9024: 9017: 9009: 9005: 9000: 8995: 8991: 8987: 8983: 8976: 8967: 8965: 8948: 8944: 8940: 8934: 8932: 8915: 8911: 8907: 8901: 8885: 8882:(in French). 8881: 8877: 8871: 8856: 8852: 8846: 8844: 8842: 8840: 8838: 8836: 8834: 8832: 8830: 8821: 8817: 8813: 8807: 8803: 8796: 8788: 8784: 8780: 8774: 8770: 8763: 8761: 8744: 8740: 8736: 8730: 8722: 8715: 8707: 8700: 8693: 8689: 8683: 8679: 8672: 8665: 8660: 8658: 8656: 8639: 8635: 8629: 8625: 8621: 8614: 8607: 8602: 8600: 8590: 8582: 8575: 8567: 8561: 8557: 8550: 8542: 8535: 8533: 8531: 8529: 8522:, p. 49. 8521: 8516: 8514: 8505: 8499: 8491: 8484: 8482: 8473: 8469: 8465: 8461: 8457: 8453: 8446: 8430: 8426: 8422: 8418: 8412: 8408: 8404: 8400: 8396: 8395: 8387: 8371: 8367: 8363: 8357: 8341: 8337: 8333: 8328: 8323: 8319: 8315: 8311: 8304: 8296: 8292: 8288: 8282: 8278: 8271: 8269: 8261: 8257: 8253: 8249: 8243: 8239: 8232: 8230: 8222: 8215: 8213: 8204: 8203: 8195: 8186: 8182: 8178: 8172: 8168: 8161: 8152: 8145: 8138: 8126: 8123:(in Arabic). 8122: 8118: 8111: 8109: 8101: 8088: 8084: 8080: 8073: 8071: 8061: 8056: 8052: 8048: 8044: 8037: 8035: 8033: 8031: 8029: 8027: 8025: 8023: 8021: 8012: 8006: 8002: 7995: 7979: 7975: 7974: 7966: 7958: 7954: 7950: 7946: 7942: 7938: 7931: 7929: 7912: 7908: 7904: 7898: 7890: 7886: 7882: 7876: 7872: 7865: 7857: 7853: 7849: 7845: 7841: 7837: 7830: 7828: 7826: 7817: 7813: 7809: 7803: 7799: 7792: 7785: 7778: 7776: 7774: 7757: 7753: 7747: 7743: 7739: 7735: 7731: 7727: 7723: 7719: 7712: 7704: 7700: 7696: 7690: 7686: 7671: 7667: 7652: 7649: 7647: 7644: 7642: 7639: 7637: 7634: 7633: 7627: 7617: 7611: 7605: 7604: 7571: 7569: 7533: 7531: 7525: 7519: 7518: 7513: 7480: 7478: 7442: 7440: 7437: 7436: 7425: 7419: 7418: 7413: 7402: 7396: 7395: 7390: 7357: 7355: 7299: 7297: 7291: 7285: 7284: 7273: 7267: 7266: 7261: 7250: 7244: 7243: 7238: 7225: 7219: 7218: 7195: 7193: 7135: 7133: 7127: 7121: 7120: 7109: 7105: 7104:King of Syria 7100: 7099: 7094: 7083: 7077: 7076: 7071: 7058: 7057:King of Hejaz 7052: 7051: 7046: 7023: 7020: 7012: 7010: 7002: 7000: 6990: 6988: 6987: 6982: 6966: 6964: 6954: 6952: 6931: 6929: 6923: 6922:King of Hejaz 6919: 6914: 6913: 6908: 6875: 6873: 6837: 6835: 6832: 6800: 6798: 6762: 6760: 6754: 6748: 6747: 6714: 6712: 6676: 6674: 6670: 6637: 6635: 6599: 6597: 6593: 6560: 6558: 6522: 6520: 6517: 6485: 6483: 6447: 6445: 6442: 6410: 6408: 6372: 6370: 6367: 6335: 6333: 6297: 6295: 6289: 6283: 6282: 6249: 6247: 6211: 6209: 6203: 6197: 6165: 6163: 6127: 6125: 6118: 6112: 6111: 6110:Abu Numayy II 6077: 6075: 6039: 6037: 6031: 6025: 5993: 5991: 5955: 5953: 5947: 5941: 5940: 5907: 5905: 5869: 5867: 5861: 5855: 5854: 5821: 5819: 5783: 5781: 5775: 5769: 5768: 5735: 5733: 5697: 5695: 5689: 5683: 5682: 5648: 5646: 5610: 5608: 5602: 5596: 5595: 5562: 5560: 5524: 5522: 5515: 5509: 5508: 5474: 5472: 5436: 5434: 5428: 5422: 5421: 5388: 5386: 5350: 5348: 5345: 5313: 5311: 5275: 5273: 5267: 5261: 5260: 5227: 5225: 5189: 5187: 5184: 5152: 5150: 5114: 5112: 5109: 5077: 5075: 5039: 5037: 5033: 5000: 4998: 4962: 4960: 4957: 4925: 4923: 4887: 4885: 4882: 4850: 4848: 4812: 4810: 4807: 4775: 4773: 4737: 4735: 4732: 4700: 4698: 4662: 4660: 4657: 4625: 4623: 4587: 4585: 4582: 4550: 4548: 4512: 4510: 4507: 4475: 4473: 4437: 4435: 4432: 4400: 4398: 4362: 4360: 4356: 4355:Musa Al-Djawn 4323: 4321: 4285: 4283: 4280: 4248: 4246: 4210: 4208: 4204: 4203: 4169: 4167: 4131: 4129: 4123: 4117: 4116: 4083: 4076: 4074: 4069: 4066: 4065: 4046: 4045:fourth caliph 4040: 4039: 4014: 4012: 3966: 3964: 3958: 3952: 3951: 3908: 3906: 3860: 3858: 3855: 3854: 3837: 3836: 3810: 3807: 3791: 3789: 3788: 3783: 3775: 3773: 3765: 3763: 3740: 3738: 3734: 3733: 3699: 3697: 3661: 3659: 3651: 3650: 3617: 3614: 3613: 3610: 3609: 3606: 3605: 3601: 3594: 3589: 3587: 3582: 3580: 3575: 3574: 3572: 3571: 3560: 3555: 3551: 3548: 3543: 3539: 3536: 3531: 3527: 3524: 3519: 3515: 3512: 3507: 3503: 3500: 3495: 3491: 3488: 3483: 3479: 3478: 3472: 3470: 3466: 3462: 3458: 3454: 3449: 3447: 3443: 3439: 3429: 3427: 3423: 3420: 3414: 3412: 3408: 3404: 3400: 3396: 3386: 3383: 3381: 3377: 3370: 3365: 3351: 3349: 3348: 3343: 3325: 3321: 3317: 3314: 3311: 3307: 3306:Princess Sara 3304: 3303: 3302: 3296: 3292: 3289: 3288: 3287: 3281: 3277: 3273: 3270:. Parents of 3269: 3265: 3264:Prince Faisal 3262: 3261: 3257: 3254: 3251: 3247: 3243: 3239: 3236: 3233: 3230: 3226: 3223:. Parents of 3222: 3218: 3215: 3214: 3213: 3207: 3203: 3199: 3196: 3193: 3190: 3187: 3186: 3185: 3178: 3169: 3167: 3161: 3152: 3147: 3145: 3141: 3137: 3134:: inside the 3133: 3128: 3124: 3120: 3116: 3111: 3109: 3105: 3101: 3092: 3083: 3081: 3077: 3073: 3069: 3060: 3052: 3048: 3045: 3041: 3037: 3028: 3024: 3022: 3018: 3017:Greek Cypriot 3014: 3010: 3006: 3002: 2998: 2994: 2990: 2989:Ronald Storrs 2986: 2982: 2977: 2975: 2971: 2967: 2963: 2959: 2955: 2946: 2937: 2935: 2931: 2927: 2923: 2922:King of Syria 2919: 2915: 2910: 2908: 2904: 2900: 2896: 2892: 2888: 2884: 2874: 2872: 2867: 2865: 2862: 2858: 2854: 2849: 2847: 2842: 2838: 2834: 2830: 2826: 2822: 2817: 2815: 2814: 2809: 2808: 2803: 2800:and the last 2799: 2795: 2787: 2783: 2782: 2777: 2776: 2772:Testimony of 2770: 2765: 2757: 2753: 2749: 2745: 2743: 2739: 2735: 2731: 2727: 2722: 2718: 2714: 2710: 2706: 2700: 2690: 2688: 2687:his Caliphate 2684: 2680: 2676: 2672: 2667: 2664: 2660: 2655: 2651: 2647: 2641: 2639: 2638:Great Britain 2634: 2633:H. MacMahon's 2628: 2626: 2622: 2617: 2613: 2611: 2606: 2602: 2598: 2594: 2584: 2582: 2578: 2574: 2570: 2569:King of Syria 2566: 2556: 2554: 2553:Hejaz railway 2550: 2546: 2541: 2540:Syrian desert 2536: 2530: 2528: 2522: 2520: 2516: 2513:in which the 2512: 2507: 2504: 2500: 2496: 2492: 2486: 2482: 2472: 2470: 2466: 2461: 2459: 2455: 2454:slave markets 2451: 2447: 2443: 2433: 2431: 2427: 2423: 2415: 2411: 2407: 2402: 2398: 2395: 2391: 2387: 2381: 2374:King of Hejaz 2371: 2369: 2365: 2361: 2357: 2353: 2349: 2345: 2341: 2337: 2333: 2329: 2325: 2319: 2317: 2313: 2309: 2300: 2296: 2294: 2293:Hejaz railway 2290: 2286: 2282: 2281:Western front 2278: 2274: 2273:Malik al-Arab 2270: 2269: 2264: 2260: 2259:Syrian desert 2256: 2252: 2248: 2244: 2237: 2232: 2228: 2226: 2222: 2217: 2213: 2205: 2201: 2200: 2194: 2190: 2188: 2184: 2180: 2176: 2172: 2168: 2164: 2155: 2150: 2140: 2138: 2134: 2129: 2125: 2121: 2117: 2114:According to 2112: 2110: 2106: 2102: 2098: 2094: 2090: 2086: 2082: 2079: 2075: 2071: 2067: 2064: 2063:Field Marshal 2060: 2055: 2053: 2050: 2046: 2042: 2038: 2034: 2030: 2022: 2021:Khalil Gibran 2017: 2012: 2002: 2000: 1996: 1992: 1988: 1983: 1981: 1977: 1972: 1970: 1966: 1962: 1958: 1954: 1950: 1945: 1943: 1942:anti-colonial 1939: 1933: 1931: 1927: 1923: 1919: 1915: 1911: 1910:Ottoman Syria 1907: 1906:anti-colonial 1903: 1898: 1896: 1892: 1888: 1884: 1879: 1877: 1873: 1869: 1865: 1861: 1857: 1853: 1849: 1845: 1844:Hejaz Railway 1842:In 1908, the 1840: 1838: 1834: 1830: 1827:in teaching, 1826: 1822: 1818: 1814: 1810: 1806: 1802: 1798: 1790: 1786: 1782: 1778: 1774: 1770: 1766: 1762: 1758: 1754: 1750: 1746: 1742: 1738: 1734: 1730: 1726: 1722: 1717: 1712: 1707: 1692: 1688: 1685: 1681: 1676: 1674: 1670: 1666: 1662: 1652: 1650: 1646: 1642: 1638: 1634: 1630: 1626: 1618: 1613: 1604: 1602: 1598: 1595:Allah is the 1593: 1589: 1585: 1581: 1572: 1567: 1552: 1550: 1549:Sublime Porte 1546: 1536: 1534: 1530: 1526: 1522: 1518: 1514: 1510: 1498: 1494: 1490: 1486: 1484: 1480: 1476: 1472: 1468: 1464: 1460: 1456: 1446: 1444: 1440: 1435: 1433: 1429: 1425: 1415: 1413: 1409: 1405: 1401: 1397: 1392: 1390: 1386: 1385:Hasan bin Ali 1382: 1378: 1374: 1371:, the former 1370: 1366: 1360: 1340: 1338: 1334: 1330: 1326: 1322: 1317: 1315: 1311: 1307: 1303: 1299: 1295: 1291: 1287: 1281: 1279: 1275: 1271: 1267: 1263: 1259: 1255: 1251: 1247: 1243: 1239: 1235: 1231: 1227: 1223: 1219: 1215: 1210: 1209:Turkification 1206: 1202: 1199: 1195: 1190: 1188: 1184: 1180: 1176: 1173:empires, the 1172: 1168: 1164: 1160: 1156: 1152: 1148: 1144: 1140: 1136: 1132: 1128: 1124: 1116: 1114:pronunciation 1106: 1100: 1091: 1087: 1076: 1071: 1069: 1064: 1062: 1057: 1056: 1054: 1053: 1048: 1038: 1037: 1036: 1035: 1028: 1025: 1024: 1019: 1018:Military laws 1016: 1014: 1011: 1009: 1006: 1004: 1001: 1000: 999: 996: 994: 991: 987: 984: 982: 979: 978: 977: 974: 972: 969: 967: 964: 962: 959: 958: 953: 950: 948: 945: 943: 940: 939: 938: 937: 934: 931: 929: 926: 925: 922: 917: 916: 909: 906: 904: 901: 899: 896: 892: 889: 888: 887: 884: 882: 879: 877: 876:Proselytizing 874: 872: 869: 867: 864: 862: 859: 857: 854: 852: 849: 847: 844: 842: 839: 837: 834: 832: 829: 827: 824: 822: 819: 817: 814: 812: 809: 807: 804: 802: 799: 795: 792: 790: 787: 786: 785: 784:Denominations 782: 778: 775: 774: 773: 770: 768: 765: 763: 760: 758: 755: 753: 750: 748: 745: 743: 740: 738: 735: 734: 731: 727: 722: 721: 714: 711: 709: 706: 704: 701: 699: 696: 694: 691: 690: 687: 686: 682: 680: 679: 675: 673: 672: 668: 667: 664: 661: 659: 656: 655: 652: 647: 646: 639: 637: 633: 631: 629: 625: 624: 620: 617: 615: 613: 609: 607: 605: 601: 599: 597: 593: 592: 588: 587: 582: 581: 576: 575: 571: 569: 568: 564: 563: 557: 554: 552: 549: 548: 544: 543: 536: 533: 531: 528: 526: 523: 522: 519: 516: 514: 511: 510: 507: 502: 501: 494: 491: 490: 487: 484: 482: 479: 478: 475: 472: 470: 467: 466: 463: 459: 456: 455: 452: 447: 446: 442: 438: 437: 434: 431: 430: 426: 422: 421: 413: 407: 404: 403: 401: 397: 394: 391: 385: 382: 379: 375: 370: 366: 363: 360: 356: 352: 348: 344: 340: 337: 334: 332: 328: 325: 322: 320: 316: 310: 307: 305:Princess Sara 304: 301: 299: 296: 293: 291: 288: 285: 283: 280: 279: 277: 275: 271: 265: 262: 259: 256: 253: 252: 250: 246: 242: 238: 234: 230: 229:al-Arghūniyya 226: 222: 219: 215: 207: 203: 200: 196: 191: 187: 183: 179: 175: 172: 171:Abdulmejid II 169: 165: 161: 157: 154: 150: 147: 144: 140: 137: 134: 130: 126: 122: 119: 115: 112: 109: 105: 102: 99: 95: 91: 87: 84: 83:King of Hejaz 80: 73: 68: 65: 64: 60: 56: 51: 38: 33: 19: 14066:1850s births 14053: 14010:Pan-Islamism 13888: 13881: 13874: 13774:Ba'ath Party 13651:Ameen Rihani 13610: 13511:Jassem Alwan 13506:Michel Aflaq 13362:Algerian War 13288:Iraqi Revolt 13182: 13162: 13161: 13156: 13121: 13120: 13104: 13072: 13065: 13064: 13050: 13049: 13026: 13016:New creation 13015: 13001: 12994: 12988:Banu Qatadah 12986:, branch of 12977: 12934: 12880: 12865: 12842: 12818:. Retrieved 12813: 12804: 12792:. Retrieved 12777: 12773:Kamal Salibi 12767: 12755:. Retrieved 12735: 12728: 12719: 12713: 12702:, retrieved 12692: 12686: 12674:. Retrieved 12665: 12655: 12643:. Retrieved 12639: 12629: 12617:. Retrieved 12608: 12599: 12587:. Retrieved 12578: 12569: 12557:. Retrieved 12548: 12539: 12527:. Retrieved 12518: 12509: 12497:. Retrieved 12488: 12479: 12467:. Retrieved 12458: 12448: 12436:. Retrieved 12427: 12418: 12406:. Retrieved 12397: 12388: 12376:. Retrieved 12367: 12358: 12346:. Retrieved 12337: 12328: 12316:. Retrieved 12296: 12289: 12278:, retrieved 12268: 12261: 12249:. Retrieved 12240: 12231: 12221:27 September 12219:. Retrieved 12211:Jordan Times 12210: 12201: 12191:27 September 12189:. Retrieved 12180: 12171: 12161:27 September 12159:. Retrieved 12150: 12140: 12130:27 September 12128:. Retrieved 12119: 12110: 12091: 12085: 12073:. Retrieved 12064: 12054: 12042:. Retrieved 12022: 12015: 12003:. Retrieved 11989: 11977:. Retrieved 11963: 11951:. Retrieved 11942: 11937:شوقي, أحمد. 11932: 11920:. Retrieved 11911: 11902: 11871: 11862: 11850: 11838:. Retrieved 11828: 11826:IslamKotob. 11821: 11812: 11805:. Retrieved 11785: 11778: 11762: 11757: 11745:. Retrieved 11736: 11698: 11694: 11688: 11659: 11640:. Retrieved 11620: 11613: 11601:. Retrieved 11586: 11559: 11549:28 September 11547:. Retrieved 11538: 11528: 11503: 11499: 11433: 11429: 11423: 11411:. Retrieved 11401: 11394: 11382:. Retrieved 11362: 11327: 11323: 11317: 11305:. Retrieved 11285: 11278: 11266:. Retrieved 11257: 11230:. Retrieved 11221: 11212: 11204: 11197:. Retrieved 11188: 11178: 11153: 11149: 11143: 11135: 11128:. Retrieved 11119: 11084:(3): 61–70. 11081: 11077: 11071: 11052: 11046: 11018: 10990: 10967:. Retrieved 10958: 10892: 10888: 10861:. Retrieved 10852: 10809: 10805: 10799: 10791: 10786: 10774:. Retrieved 10765: 10756: 10748: 10739:(2): 72–85. 10736: 10732: 10711:. Retrieved 10702: 10692: 10680:. Retrieved 10671: 10640: 10621: 10600:. 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