Shingon Buddhism - Knowledge

3972: 4103: 5641: 6469: 4560: 3537: 6062: 6054: 2929: 4898: 3566:, prayers for the surrender of enemy nations were frequently held at various temples. After the war, both Ko-Gyō and Shin-Gyō schools continued to separate, and some established their own unique doctrines and traditions. There are now around eighteen major Shingon schools with their own headquarter temples (honzan) in Japan. Yamasaki estimated the number of Shingon followers at ten million and the number of priests at sixteen thousand in around eleven thousand temples (in his 1988 book). In Japan, there are also several new Shingon influenced groups classified as 'New Religions'. Some of these new movements include 5263: 4906: 3154:, in present-day Wakayama province, so that he could establish a true monastic center away from the disturbances of the capital and this was soon granted. Kūkai and his disciples soon began to build the new monastic complex, which they imagined and modeled on the two mandalas, the womb and vajra. This mountain center soon became the key center for Shingon study and practice. In his later life, Kūkai continued to actively promote the efficacy of Shingon ritual among the elite even while also working to build Kōyasan into a major center. Kūkai eventually achieved control of 4619: 4020:. Ultimately, the whole phenomenal world itself and all the sounds and movements in it are also considered to be the teaching of Vairocana Buddha, which is identical with the cosmic body of the Buddha. Thus, for Kūkai, the entire universe, together with all actions, persons and Buddhas in it, are all part of Vairocana's cosmic sermon to its manifestations. In Shingon, this idea that all phenomena in the universe are constantly revealing the presence of the Dharmakaya Buddha, is part of the doctrine of "the dharmakaya's expounding of the Dharma" ( 64: 3552: 1224: 5518: 3177: 3474: 3106: 5147:(kai). For Kūkai, keeping Buddhist precepts is essential for meditation and for living in harmony with one's true nature. Kūkai writes: "If we aspire to go far, unless we depend on our feet, we cannot advance; if we wish to walk the Way of Buddha, unless we observe the precepts, we cannot reach the goal." He even goes so far as to say that we should not break the precepts even to save our lives, and that those who do break them are not disciples of the Buddha and he will not be their teacher. 4372:) on the part of sentient beings." Kūkai compares this process to rays of sun (the Buddha's power) shining on water (sentient beings) and the water's ability to retain the heat of the rays. Kūkai also holds that faith comes through the power of the Buddha; it is not something acquired by one's own efforts. Indeed, for Kūkai, the three mysteries are innate in all beings, and the fact that these are united with the macrocosmic three mysteries of the Dharmakaya is what makes faith possible. 33: 569: 5455: 6489: 2114: 9374: 12506: 5369: 12517: 6449: 3440:. Meanwhile, on Kōyasan, Yūkai (1345–1416) was responsible for revitalizing Shingon doctrinal study and also for driving away all of the nembutsu hiriji (now mostly following the Ji sect) who had been living on the mountain. He also purged the tradition of all traces of the heterodox Tachikawa school (even burning their texts). The Tachikawa school was known for teaching a mixed form of esotericism which made use of Daoist and sexual practices. 4985: 9915: 9902: 6388: 6075: 6477: 2695: 9892: 3524:(abolish Buddhism and destroy Shākyamuni). Some Shingon temples that were affiliated with Shintō shrines were converted into shrines. Some Shinto monks left the Buddhist priesthood to become Shintō priests, or they returned to secular life. The government enforced the confiscation of temple land and this led to the closure of many Shingon temples. Those who survived had to turn to the regular population for support. 3097:) on the fifth month of 805, Huiguo was sixty and on the verge of death. Huiguo exclaimed to Kūkai that he had been waiting for him and immediately initiated him into the esoteric mandalas. In the short space of three months, Huiguo initiated and taught Kūkai everything he knew on the doctrines and practices of esoteric Buddhism. During this time Kūkai also learned Sanskrit from some Indian masters living in China. 3872: 4571: 4777:). Yamasaki also adds that while the womb realm generally represents the five material elements, the vajra realm represents the mind and consciousness elements. However, both mandalas are not a duality, but are ultimately seen as non-dual. As such, "the two mandalas together thus signify the indissoluble unity of Truth and Wisdom, the inseparability of Matter and Mind, the resolution of mystical paradox." 4423: 4213: 4786: 3447:(1467 to 1615), all the Shingon temples in or near the capital were destroyed or stripped of all lands, while the Shingon centers in the mountains like Kōya and Negoro were forced to raise militaries for self defense, though sometimes they used these forces to attempt to expand the lands holdings of their temples. Mount Negoro, the center of Shingi Shingon, was sacked by the 3264:. Through his connections with high-ranking nobles in Kyoto, Kakuban was appointed abbot of Mount Kōya. The leadership at Kongōbu-ji opposed him and after several conflicts (some of which involved the burning down of temples of Kakuban's faction), Kakuban's group left the mountain for Mount Negoro to the northwest, where they constructed a new temple complex now known as 4916:("seals") are hand gestures which represent the secret of the Buddha's body and, as such, symbolize and enact Buddha activity. There are numerous mudras used in the various Shingon practices. According to Yamasaki, mudras "symbolically identify the individual with the universe. In this way, the human body functions as a living symbol of the macrocosm." The term 5286:(esoteric master), it is required to undergo a period of academic study and religious discipline—or formal training in a temple for a longer period of time—after having already received novice ordination and monastic precepts; and, as well, full completion of the rigorous four-fold preliminary training and retreat known as 3924:. Hakeda also writes that in Shingon, Dainichi is "at the center of a multitude of Buddhas, bodhisattvas, and powers; He is the source of enlightenment and the unity underlying all variety. To attain enlightenment means to realize Mahāvairocana, the implication being that Mahāvairocana is originally within man." 4012:, Dharma body), Vairocana also constantly teaches the Dharma in inconceivable ways throughout the universe, including through the secret mysteries of Shingon esotericism. The Dharmakaya is embodied absolute reality and truth and is mostly ineffable but can be experienced through esoteric practices such as 5127:

or other methods associated with Amitabha and his Pure Land. In Shingon, this practice is understood through the lens of esoteric Buddhism—hence seeing the Buddha Amitabha (who is equated with Mahavairocana) as being immanent in the human "heart-mind", and the pure land of Sukhavati as being non-dual

4653:. These are known as the "three modes of action" and are the central methods of Shingon esoteric practice. These three "ritual technologies" are equivalent to the concept of the "three mysteries", the secrets of body, speech and mind (of the Buddha Vairocana) and these are introduced in the ritual of 3497:

implemented new religious control measures for the Buddhist community. Tokugawa Ieyasu issued regulations for the Shingon school in 1615, incorporating it into its administrative temple system. Under this new peace, Shingon study was revived in the various temples. Hase-dera became a major center for

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By reciting the voiced syllables with clear understanding, one manifests the truth. What is called "the truth of the voiced syllable" is the three secrets in which all things and the Buddha are equal. This is the original essence of all beings. For this reason, Dainichi Nyorai's teaching of the true

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The non-dual nature of all mandalas and the interpenetration of all phenomena embodied as Mahavairocana's body and functions is a key Shingon view which also underlies its understanding of the practice of the three secrets. As such, Kūkai explains how Shingon practice enacts the unity of all actions

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All Shingon rituals and ceremonies are organized as a sequence of smaller liturgical procedures that typically consist of an incantation (a mantra, dharani, hymn, etc.) accompanied by a hand gesture (mudra) and a guided contemplation (kanso). The four initiations that comprise the Shidokegyo—namely

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while blindfolded and throwing a flower into the mandala, which lands on a specific deity depicted in the mandala. After the consecration, the esoteric initiate is taught how to visualize the deities and mandalas, along with the secret mudras and mantras of his deity, and these secrets are revealed

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This means that Buddhahood can be attained because all beings already have enlightenment and "all embracing wisdom" within which is "originally pure and bright" according to Kūkai. With the help of a genuine teacher and through proper training, one can reclaim and liberate this enlightened capacity

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The constant preaching of the Dharmakaya Buddha throughout the cosmos is described in Shingon as the "three mysteries" (sanmi 三密). Hakeda describes these three as "the suprarational activities or functions of the Body, Speech, and Mind of Mahāvairocana." The three mysteries are found throughout the

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between seemingly different phenomena like mind and matter, humanity and nature, sentient and insentient, and so on. Thus, Kūkai writes: "matter is no other than mind; mind is no other than matter. Without any obstruction, they are interrelated." This interrelation is one of macrocosmic harmony, an

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through studying Japanese Shingon. This “tantric revival movement” (mijiao fuxing yundong 密教復興運動) was mainly propagated by Chinese Buddhists who traveled to Japan to be trained, initiated, and receive dharma transmission as acharyas in the Shingon tradition and who then return home to establish the

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The hand gestures themselves are either termed samaya mudra (when it refers to a deity's attribute, like a sword, lotus, etc) or karma mudra (when it symbolizes their activity). Each hand and finger has various symbolic associations in Shingon; e.g., the right hand generally represents the Buddha,

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in India. Like all major East Asian Buddhist tradition, the Shingon tradition developed a list of "patriarchs" which were considered to be the key figures in the transmission of their lineage. Shingon recognizes two groups of eight great patriarchs – one group of lineage holders and one group of

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According to Yamasaki, the "Great Compassion Womb Repository Birth Mandala": "represents the enlightened universe from the viewpoint of compassion". It is also associated with skillful means and the lotus is its key symbol. Regarding the Vajra Realm mandala, Yamasaki writes that it "embodies the

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ritual practices. Shingon practice thus depends on receiving secret doctrines, methods and instructions, from the school's ordained masters. The "Three Mysteries" of body, speech, and mind participate simultaneously in the subsequent process of revealing one's nature: the body through devotional

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are another key element of Shingon praxis (corresponding to the speech of the Dharmakaya Buddha). Kūkai understood mantras as the most concentrated form of the teachings of the Dharmakaya Buddha. According to Kūkai, Shingon mantras contain the entire meaning of all the scriptures and indeed the

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During the Meiji period, the government also adopted the "one sect, one leader" rule which forced all Shingon schools to merge under a single leader which was called a "Chōja" (Superintendent). This led to some internal political conflict among the various sub-schools of Shingon, some of which

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After Kūkai, the main Shingon temples were taken over by key disciples like Jitsue, Shinzen, Shinzai, Eon and Shōhō. The main leadership after his death was Shinnen (804–891) and already at this time there was some conflict between Tō-ji and Kōyasan. Some Shingon monks also followed in Kūkai's

5182:, which is understood as both the intention to become a Buddha for the sake of all beings and the originally enlightened mind itself (respectively, they are the subjective and objective aspects of bodhicitta, they are understood as being non-dual). This is the most important samaya for Kūkai. 4975:

mudra also enacts the unity of Buddha and living beings: in this mudra, the breath of life (symbolized by the index finger on the left hand, which stands for the air element) touches the all-encompassing emptiness (symbolized by the thumb tucked within the right fist, representing the space

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During this period, monks like Jōgen and Onkō (1718–1804) focused on studying and promoting Buddhist precepts and monastic discipline. This renewed interest in precepts study was likely a response to Confucian critiques of Buddhism at the time. Onkō was also a well known scholar of Sanskrit.

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in 810. Kūkai began to give esoteric initiations (abhiseka) at this time, including to elite laymen and to Saicho and his students. He also began to organize a new school of esoteric Buddhism centered around Jingo-ji and wrote some key works which outlined the main teachings of Shingon.

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mandalas. According to Kūkai, Mahāvairocana is also the Universal Principle which underlies all Buddhist teachings. Thus, other Buddhist deities can be thought of as manifestations of Dainichi, each with their own attributes. As Kūkai writes, "the great Self is one, yet can be many".

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entire universe (which is itself the preaching of the Dharmakaya). Kūkai argues that mantras are effective because: "a mantra is suprarational; it eliminates ignorance when meditated upon and recited. A single word contains a thousand truths; one can realize Suchness here and now."

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Kūkai returned to Japan after Huiguo's death in 806. He brought back numerous Buddhist texts, mandalas, ritual items and other books. After returning, Kūkai asked the imperial court for permission to establish a new Buddhist school and waited three years for a response in

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The enlightened mind is the cause, great compassion is the root, and skillful means is the ultimate...enlightenment is to know your own mind as it really is...Seek in your own mind enlightenment and all-embracing wisdom. Why? Because it is originally pure and bright.

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and minister as Chinese branches of Japanese Shingon, but others have chosen to create independent and distinct schools. Today, these revivalist lineages exist in Hong Kong, Taiwan and Malaysia. Though they draw mainly from Shingon teachings, they have also adopted some

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After the death of Kakuban in 1143, attempts to make peace were unsuccessful and after further conflicts, the Negoro faction (led by Raiyu) founded the new Shingi Shingon School based on Kakuban's teachings. As such, Shingon became divided into two major sub-schools,

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in Shingon is a committed and experienced teacher who is authorized to guide and teach practitioners. In the Kōyasan tradition, one must be an ācārya for a number of years at least before one can request to be tested at Mount Kōya for the possibility to qualify as a

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The reason that only the Mantra Gate fulfills the secret is that by empowerment with the truth. If mantras are recited only in one's mouth, without contemplation of their meaning, then only their worldly effect can be accomplished – but the adamantine body-nature

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to be none other than the expression of the body-speech-mind of the Buddha. Through the consecration and use of these three mysteries, the initiate is said to ritually replicate the body, speech, and mind of the Buddha, achieving buddhahood in this very existence.

5236:) into each of these practices under the guidance of a qualified ācārya before they may begin to learn and practice them. As with all schools of Esoteric Buddhism, great emphasis is placed on initiation and oral transmission of teachings from teacher to student. 4527:("skillful means"), teachings adapted to the needs of beings according to their capacities and time. The esoteric doctrines, in comparison, are the truth itself—a direct communication of the innermost secrets of the Dharmakaya, and his timeless eternally present 4541:

Esoteric Buddhism contains within it all the teachings of exoteric Buddhism, and more. Exoteric Buddhist schools lack the special methods of esoteric Buddhism, which is the highest expression of Buddhism. These esoteric rituals—involving the use of mantras,

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Kūkai systematized and categorized all Buddhist teachings into ten stages of spiritual realization, from the lowest type of worldly mind to the highest mind of exoteric Buddhism (the view of Huayan/Kegon) to the supreme mind attained through Shingon.

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to describe the infinite interrelation of all existence, meaning that the Dharmakaya Mahāvairocana and every sentient being in the universe "are not identical but are nevertheless identical; they are not different but are nevertheless different."

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Apart from basic meditations, prayers, and the reading and recitation of Mahayana sutras, there are mantras and ritualistic meditative techniques that are available for laypersons to practice on their own under the supervision of a Shingon priest

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for the Shingon school, which was a major temple within the capital. His final request before his death in 832 was to construct a Shingon hall in Imperial palace grounds in order to accommodate the practice of the seven day ritual of chanting the

3239:(1095–1143) was one Shingon scholar who responded to the rise in Pure Land devotionalism. He studied Shingon along with Tendai and also incorporated Pure Land practice into his Shingon system, as well as promoting an esoteric interpretation of 4414:("Interpretation of the Mahavairocana Sutra"). Yamasaki calls this "a subtle process of the self, the deity, and the universe" in which "in striving 'upward', the individual perceives an energy flowing 'downward' as if to aid his striving." 5429:

fire to be the purifying wisdom of the Buddha; hence, the ritual is performed for the purpose of destroying detrimental thoughts and desires, and for the making of secular requests and blessings. The central deity invoked herein is usually

5050:). While the writings of Kukai do discuss the letter A and how it is important for esoteric practice, they do not provide step-by-step meditation instructions. The earliest source for the details of this practice is Jitsue's (実恵, 786–849) 3520:) and abolished the Chokusai Hōe (Imperial Rituals). The Shingon school was significantly affected by these changes (since it was closely connected with many Shinto shrines), as well as by the Meiji era anti-buddhist persecutions known as 5640: 4299:

entire universe as the movements of natural phenomena, natural sounds and as all experiences. Kūkai compares it to a sacred book "being painted by brushes of mountains, by ink of oceans", which have heaven and earth as the bindings.

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Esoteric Buddhism has the highest view of the ultimate truth, which sees the mind of Mahāvairocana as united with the mind of all beings, and the body of Mahāvairocana as being the body of the universe (which contains all sentient

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to holy sites, especially to mountains which were seen as the homes of deities, developed throughout the history of Shingon and many pilgrimage routes remain a key part of Shingon practice today. One such pilgrimage route is the

5058:, 阿字觀用心口決, Taisho no. 2423). It details the contemplation of a letter "A" inside of a white moon disk, which itself sits on a lotus flower. The moon represents the awakened mind (bodhicitta) and the lotus represents the heart ( 5239:

As such, all Shingon followers who desire to practice the esoteric methods must gradually develop a teacher-student relationship, formal or informal, whereby a teacher permitted to transmit the abhiseka (i.e. a mahācārya, Jp:

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tradition. Some important figures of this revival include Wang Hongyuan 王弘願 (1876–1937), and Guru Wuguang (悟光上師 (1918–2000), both trained in Shingon and went on to spread Shingon teachings in the Chinese speaking world.

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the broad study of all of Buddhism and also of secular topics. Meanwhile in Kōyasan, the Ji sect hiriji were allowed to return and were incorporated into the Shingon school, though this would lead to conflict later on.

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The practice of the Shingon school stresses that one is able to attain "buddhahood in this very body" (sokushin jōbutsu) through its practices, especially those which make use of the "three mysteries" (Jp: sanmi 三密) of

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and that therefore one had to be reborn in a pure land to attain enlightenment. This also informs his positive view of the natural world, as well as of the arts, all of which he saw as manifestations of the Buddha.

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Buddha created this teaching out of his desire to convert non-Buddhists and allow them to distinguish the true from the false. Thus he taught them the true Goma The Buddha himself taught the very foundation of the

4162:): the wisdom which is free of discrimination and sees all objects of mind without discrimination / conceptualization. It is represented by Amitabha and is associated with the mental consciousness (manovijñana). 7860: 4277:

Another perspective with which to understand the Dharmakaya is through the four mandalas (circles, ranges, spheres) which stand for the cosmic Buddha Vairocana's extension, intention, communication and action:

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footsteps and visited China to receive more teachings and texts. Likewise, several Tendai monks also visited China and brought back esoteric teachings, making Tendai esotericism a major competitor to Shingon.

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A statue of a Buddha performing the Dharma Realm Samadhi mudra, which embodies how "the space between the thumbtips encompasses the universe where Buddha and self interpenetrate without obstruction" (Yamasaki)

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of esoteric Buddhist doctrine that began in India and then spread to China and Japan. Shingon or Orthodox Esoteric Buddhism maintains that the expounder of the doctrine was originally the Universal Buddha

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for the benefit of individuals, the state or all sentient beings in general. The consecrated fire is believed to have a powerful cleansing effect, since esoteric Buddhist sources like Yi Xing consider the

4237:) are earth, water, fire, wind, space, and consciousness, and they are the universal elements out of which all beings and matter are made. These great elements are all in a state of perfect interfusion ( 4534:

Exoteric teachings are gradual (and may take aeons); esoteric methods are the "sudden approach"—or, at the very least, provide a much faster way to enlightenment. Even the most depraved of beings, the

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According to Kūkai, the Buddha's light illuminates and pervades all, like the light of the sun (hence his name). The immanent presence also means that every being already has "original enlightenment"

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Finally, the works of Kūkai are key sources in Shingon Buddhism, including his various commentaries on the key esoteric texts of Shingon as well as original works like his magnum opus, the ten volume

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the Juhachido (eighteen methods), Kongokai (vajra-realm practice), Taizokai (matrix-realm practice), and Goma (fire ceremony)—consist of hundreds of such segments of varying duration and complexity.

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Following in Kakuban's footsteps, the Koyasan monk Dōhan 道範 (1179–1252) has been seen as a key figure in the promotion of what has been called an “esoteric Pure Land culture”, a Shingon variety of

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Under Kangen (853–925), Tō-ji temple rose to become the head temple of Shingon. Mount Kōya experienced a period of decline afterwards, until it recovered in the 11th century through the support of

4573: 3082:. He was able to obtain a copy in Chinese (and Sanskrit) but large portions of the text were undecipherable to him and thus he decided to go to China to find someone who could explain it to him. 3390:

started to develop and the influence of Shingon was one major element in its development. Shingon was especially influential on the Tōzan branch of Shugendō. which was centered on Mount Kinbu.

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attempted to form their own separate official sects. Some of these eventually succeeded in attaining independence and eventually the unified Shingon sect split into various sub-sects again.

4064:) – it has two aspects: the bliss aspect, a state of absolute samadhi, and the participation aspect, which is how the Dharmakaya appears to the most advanced bodhisattvas as Buddha forms. 4121:). According to this teaching, the Dharmakaya has five wisdoms, each one is associated with a Buddha and four of them are associated with a type of mundane consciousness (drawn from the 5719:: Hāṃ; Sanskrit mantra: namaḥ samanta vajrāṇāṃ caṇḍa mahāroṣaṇa sphoṭaya hūṃ traṭ hāṃ māṃ (Shingon transliteration: nōmaku samanda bazaratan senda makaroshada sowataya untarata kanman) 5164:(daśa-kuśala-karmapatha). Furthermore, the very essence of all the precepts can be reduced to the fact that "the essential nature of our mind is not distinct from that of the Buddha." 4169:): the wisdom manifested as actions that help all sentient beings and guide them to Buddhahood. It is represented by Amoghasiddhi and is associated with the five sense consciousnesses. 3920:

This ultimate reality does not exist independently of all things, but is immanent in them. Dainichi is worshipped as the supreme Buddha and also appears as the central figure of the

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Dainichi is the ultimate source of all Buddhas and bodhisattvas, and of the entire cosmos. The centrality of Dainichi is seen in the fact that he appears at the centre of both the

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imagery found in the later tantras. Nevertheless, the concept of "great bliss" (tairaku) and the transformation of desire (and other defilements) into wisdom is found in Shingon.

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However, in Shingon, it is not solely through the Buddha's power that one accumulates merit and attains enlightenment; rather, it is through a conjunction of "the three powers" (

4930:). As such, the Commentary on the Mahavairocana sutra states: "Mudra is none other than a symbol of the Dharma Realm. Using mudra, one points to the body of the Dharma Realm." 4155:): the wisdom which sees the identity and sameness of all phenomena and beings. It is represented by Ratnasambhava Buddha and is associated with the ego consciousness (manas). 3076:

During this early period of intense study, prayer and practice, Kūkai sought the highest truth to be found in Buddhism. One day he dreamt of a man telling him to seek out the

4199:) is symbolized by a lotus and stands for "compassion, potentiality, growth and creativity" according to Hakeda. For Kūkai, both of these bodies are non-dual. Kūkai writes: 3232:

with devotion to Kūkai and were also involved in raising funds for the rebuilding of many temples. Kōya-san soon became a major center for pilgrimage for all Japanese.

4514:, and are "simplified" skillful means. Exoteric Mahayana sutras also contain hidden esoteric meanings which Kūkai discusses in his works. For example, the title of the 4102: 3406:

school. This new tradition stressed the importance of keeping the monastic Vinaya, along with esoteric practice. It was promoted by figures like Shunjō (1166–1227) and

4333:, a practitioner unifies his body, speech and mind with those of the Buddha's Dharmakaya. Kūkai states that "the three secrets bring about the response of empowerment 3418:

carried on the work of this tradition, which was known for its many public works projects, including building hospitals, hostels for the poor and animal sanctuaries.

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The essence of Shingon practice is to experience the Dharmakaya, the ultimate reality, by emulating the inner realization of the Dharmakaya through the synchronized

1181: 5296:), which must be completed under the guidance of a qualified master. The training involves esoteric rites focused on invoking specific buddhas or bodhisattvas (the 3327:. Over time, the two Shingon sub-schools also diverged doctrinally on such issues as the attainment of buddhahood through a single mantra and the theory of how the 4922:

can have multiple meanings, as well; in some cases, it is a very general term, referring to the Buddha's Dharmakaya (whereupon it may be called the "great mudra",

4403:, the interfused self-nature in which self and Buddha are non-dual. As such, in Shingon, self-power and other-power are not two separate powers but are non-dual. 4231:). This means that for Kūkai, the Dharmakaya consists of the six great elements which "are interfused and are in a state of eternal harmony". The great elements ( 3917:

no. 1796:39.580). According to Hakeda, Kūkai identified the Dharmakaya with "the eternal Dharma, the uncreated, imperishable, beginningless, and endless Truth".

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sutra in 150 lines which was translated by Amoghavajra and which contains various verses and seed syllables which encapsulate the Prajñaparamita teaching. The

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The goal of Shingon is the realization that one's true nature is identical with the universal Mahāvairocana Buddha, a goal that is achieved through esoteric

3425:(1234–1289) made Kōya-san their home, joining with the Kōya hiriji groups, and many halls for Amida centered Pure Land practice were built on the mountain. 9314: 3465:

in 1585. After this show of force, Kōyasan, the last major Shingon temple left standing at this time, submitted to Hideyoshi, and was spared destruction.

10656: 7897: 6963: 5160:) along with special mantrayana esoteric samayas (vows). According to Kūkai, "all of these precepts have their foundation in the Ten Precepts", i.e. the 3050:

college (daigaku). He converted to Buddhism in his 20s and was inspired to practice asceticism in the mountains and wander the countryside as an ascetic

4769:. These two mandalas are considered to be a compact expression of the entirety of Buddhahood as well as a representation of the totality of existence. 11571: 10046: 8645:

Ronald S Green. "The Shingon Ajikan, Meditation on the Syllable ‘A’: An analysis of components and development." The Matheson Trust (2017) p. 1 - 33.

5244:) learns the disposition of the student and teaches esoteric practices accordingly. For lay practitioners, there is no initiation ceremony beyond the 6057:

Painting of Hui Kuo, from a series of artworks entitled Shingon Hassozō (The Eight Patriarchs of Shingon). Japan, Kamakura Period, 13th–14th century.

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Never avoid benefiting sentient beings (and never harm them), especially through the "four embracing acts" (i.e. the "four ways of attracting", Skt.

3547:. It is the temple where Huigo transmitted Shingon to Kukai. It has recently seen a revival of Chinese esotericism, based partly on Japanese Shingon. 3243:

and Pure Land. Unlike other Pure Land schools, Kakuban held that the Pure Land exists in this very world and he also taught that Vairocana is Amida.

1550: 9148: 3950:, even for the most depraved persons. All beings thus have the potential to become Buddhas through their own effort and through the power / grace ( 3943:. As Kūkai writes: "Where is the Dharmakaya? It is not far away; it is in our body. The source of wisdom? In our mind; indeed, it is close to us!" 2080: 13011: 11575: 4319:

All things are naturally endowed with bodhisattva wisdom transcending the essential mind, the subsidiary minds , and the objects of the senses.

6468: 1557: 11799: 9116: 8662: 7985: 4137:): the eternal Source of knowledge and light at the center of all things. It is represented by Mahāvairocana Buddha in the Vajradhatu Mandala. 2176: 9226:

Orzech, Charles D; Sorensen, Henrik Hjort; Payne, Richard Karl (2011). Esoteric Buddhism and the tantras in East Asia. Leiden; Boston: Brill.

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of the Dharmakaya. Sentient beings, as microcosmic manifestations of the Dharmakaya, can tune in to that harmony through practicing samadhi.

13471: 9132: 3209:), particularly among the nobility, and contributed greatly to the art and literature of the time, influencing other communities such as the 5413:

Thus, while the Goma resembles Vedic rituals, if properly understood, it communicates the true inner intent of the Buddha. According to the

4909:

A statue of Dainichi Nyorai performing the Wisdom Fist mudra (chiken-in), which embodies the non-duality of living beings and Buddha wisdom

10016: 5688:

in Shingon which are used in these rituals. Thirteen Buddha Rites became popular throughout Japanese Buddhism during the Edo Period and .

4449:

is present within all beings. Kūkai describes this immanent reality within all beings as "the glorious mind, the most secret and sacred".

4203:

That which realizes is Wisdom and that which is to be realized is Principle. The names differ, but they are one in their essential nature.

2871:. Another influential doctrine introduced by Shingon was the idea that all beings are originally enlightened, a doctrine that was known as 13183: 7463:

in Richard K. Payne & Kenneth K. Tanaka (2004) "Approaching the Land of Bliss: Religious Praxis in the Cult of Amitābha" (pp. 77-119).

5135:

translated the popular "Amitabha Pure Land Rebirth Dharani", along with numerous other texts that teach methods for rebirth in Sukhavati.

4955:) which symbolizes the unity of the Buddha realm with the world of phenomena and sentient beings. There are actually various forms of the 4773:

vajra-wisdom that illuminates the universe". This is the Buddha's wisdom body which is indestructible like the mythic adamantine weapon (

3485:(1603–1868), the Shingi Shingon monks from Mount Negoro had escaped and took their lineages elsewere, eventually founding new schools at 533: 4285:

Samayamandala – the ultimate intention of the Dharmakaya Buddha which is omnipresent throughout the universe and is universal compassion

4144:): the wisdom which reflects things as they are without any distortion. It is represented by Aksobhya Buddha and is associated with the 3562:

In March 1941, under the government's religious policy, Shingon schools were forcibly merged to form the 'Dai-Shingon' sect. During the

13178: 13173: 10124: 9003:"Vidyaraja (Jp. = Myo-o, Myoo). Wisdom Kings, Mantra Kings, Protecting Dainichi Nyorai. Japanese Buddhism & Buddha Statues Project" 8852: 9859: 5669:, which is actually a grouping of Buddhas, bodhisattvas and Wisdom Kings which are found in the womb-realm and vajra-realm mandalas. 1223: 9881: 4071:) – how the Buddha appears to lower level bodhisattvas, sravakas and ordinary people. This includes the historical Buddha Shakyamuni. 3536: 9200: 9307: 820: 12391: 11843: 4665:

states: "the three modes of action are simply the three secrets, and the three secrets are simply the three modes of action. The

8330: 5128:

with this world. "Esoteric Pure Land" practice was taught by Shingon figures such as Kakuban (1095–1143) and Dōhan (1179–1252).

5064:). Since then, over a hundred Ajikan manuals have been written, and Ajikan has become a central practice in the Shingon school. 12046: 10026: 5267: 5077:, "Full Moon Visualization"), an image of the moon (an important symbol of the enlightened mind) is used for visualization. In 4610:. These methods allow a Shingon contemplative to realize that his body-mind is none other than the body-mind of Mahāvairocana. 13481: 9141: 5313:

between a master and a student, a process aided by numerous ritual manuals and texts. Depending on the lines of transmission

4689:

Visualizing a mandala corresponds to the mental activity of the Buddha. The most important Shingon mandalas are known as the

1566: 1338: 7861:

English Translations of Kūkai: Contents of The Complete Works of Kōbō .Daishi Kūkai with links to English and Chinese texts.

5955:

There are numerous Indian Buddhist deities found in the Shingon pantheon and in Shingon mandalas. They include figures like

4288:

Dharmamandala – the universal sphere in which the Dharmakaya Buddha's preaching and revelation of the Dharma is taking place

10209: 10051: 7941: 2073: 6033:

Apart from Indian Buddhist deities, there are also many Shinto deities which were assimilated into Shingon Buddhism, like

3432:(1336 to 1573), the Shingon schools continued to develop, some under the support of elite families or even emperors, like 12888: 12386: 9300: 8683: 4967:. Another important mudra in Shingon (one also used in other traditions such as Zen) is the "Dharmadhatu Samadhi" mudra ( 4727: 3078: 1188: 7682:"From China to Japan and Back Again: An Energetic Example of Bidirectional Sino-Japanese Esoteric Buddhist Transmission" 5860:), Bīja: Trāḥ; Mantra: namo ākāśagarbhāya oṃ ārya kāmāri mauli svāhā (nōbō akyasha kyarabaya on ari kyamari bori sowaka) 5562:. Many of these deities have vital roles as they are regularly invoked by the practitioner for various rituals like the 5447:). The ritual is performed in most major Shingon temples; larger scale ceremonies often include the constant beating of 5175:

Never abandoning the True Dharma. One should master all the teachings of the Buddha without forsaking a single teaching.

4942:

Truth, Phenomenal Realm, Moon, and Womb Realm mandala. The fingers may represent the five senses and the five elements.

12283: 11833: 9928: 6061: 3832: 2725: 2171: 2128: 8947: 4295:

These four mandalas are all said to be deeply interconnected or as Kūkai writes "inseparably related to one another".

1603: 10129: 9186: 9171: 9157: 9095: 9066: 8765: 8172: 8111: 6435: 6409: 6122: 6096: 4466:

for the benefit of oneself and others. When cultivated, the luminous enlightened mind manifests as awakened wisdom.

3357:

During the Heian period, the adoption of Shinto deities into Buddhism became popular, something that became known as

12376: 8472: 8044:

Krummel, John, "Kûkai", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Fall 2014 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.), URL=<

6417: 6104: 12061: 11806: 6053: 5345:

However, other Shingon schools outside the Kōyasan tradition may use different terminology, and for them, the term

5185:

Never withholding or being "tight fisted" regarding the teaching of Dharma to others. One must always share Dharma.

4506:

Buddha, Vairocana, and are "secret & profound, containing the final truth". Exoteric teachings are preached by

1922: 494: 8790: 7827:

Reformulating the Appropriated and Relinking the Chain: Challenges of Lineage and Legitimacy in Zhenyan Revivalism

4185:, Indra's indestructible adamantine weapon, and it represents the dynamic function of penetrating insight. In the 2880:

The Shingon school's teachings and rituals had an influence on other Japanese traditions, especially those of the

1382: 1057: 12453: 12443: 10272: 4117:

Another important feature of the Dharmakaya in Kūkai's buddhology is his analysis of Vairocana's body of wisdom (

3825:

Sutra of the Vow of Fulfilling the Great Perpetual Enjoyment and Benefiting All Sentient Beings Without Exception

3624: 3129:). This temple would become his major center of operations near the capital. Kūkai's fortunes rose steadily when 2928: 2066: 526: 163: 4971:) which symbolizes the union of self with Buddha, the phenomenal world with the Buddha Realm. The "Wisdom Fist" 1486: 653: 12718: 12554: 12398: 12051: 11853: 11744: 11689: 10262: 9125: 8697: 8080: 8022: 6413: 6100: 4546:, and mandalas—are the direct communication of the Dharmakaya, and provide direct access to the ultimate truth. 3073:, Taisho no.1145). While he was practicing in the mountains, he had a vision of the bodhisattva flying at him. 2781: 389: 5492:

ritual was also adopted by other schools of Japanese Buddhism, and it is still practiced in some Zen temples.

12368: 12066: 11749: 10041: 9874: 4813:, but manifest the power and blessings of the Buddha, being full embodiments of the Buddha. According to the 2654: 2349: 1050: 805: 507: 7942:

Distribution and Preservation of the Shi Moheyan Lun 釋摩訶衍論 Texts in East Asia: Did They Read the Same Text?*

4976:

element), which also symbolizes the Buddha's wisdom (itself inseparable from emptiness, and all-pervasive).

4934:

while the left hand symbolizes ordinary beings, including the yogin themselves. Other associations include:

1511: 1298: 12990: 11951: 11823: 11794: 11496: 5417:"The meaning of goma is to burn the firewood of delusion with the wisdom flame, consuming it completely." 5409:, and in that way manifested the correct principles and method of the true Goma. This is the "Buddha Veda". 5271: 3815:

is used extensively in Shingon as part of daily recitation and ritual practice. The full Sanskrit title is

3773: 2599: 2374: 2334: 680: 610: 604: 5521: 2988:

that became immediately influential with the island's elites. Shingon followers usually refer to Kūkai as

1617: 439: 11642: 11551: 11021: 10666: 10179: 10074: 9402: 7259: 1596: 1543: 1432: 11186: 9149:

Two Esoteric Sutras: The Adamantine Pinnacle Sutra (T 18, no 865), The Susiddhikara Sutra (T 18, no 893)

4291:

Karmamandala – the universal activities of the Dharmakaya Buddha, i.e. all the movements of the universe

12491: 11971: 11447: 10933: 10056: 9889: 9323: 8689: 8072: 5672:

They are widely invoked in several liturgies and rituals, including the popular Thirteen Buddha Rites (

5553: 5161: 5117: 4356:) of the Buddha, which according to Kūkai "indicates great compassion on the part of the Tathagata and 4227:

According to Kūkai, the Dharmakaya can further be explained terms of the "Body of Six Great Elements" (

4086:

metaphors, Shingon does not see the Dharmakaya Buddha as a separate or individual personal entity or a

3540: 519: 384: 11381: 5104:

Shingon Buddhist temples also perform liturgical rites which include the chanting of sutras and other

3367:

and buddhas"). This movement saw local Japanese deities as manifestations of the Buddhas. For example

1967: 13466: 13402: 13270: 12381: 12194: 12184: 12056: 11039: 10619: 10380: 10355: 7159: 5746: 5459: 4690: 4344:

The three mysteries are also interpreted as tapping into the energy, grace or sustaining power (Skt.

3581: 2981: 2829:. These esoteric teachings would later flourish in Japan under the auspices of a Buddhist monk named 2810: 2474: 1732: 1064: 621: 394: 10405: 8333:" (Principle of Attaining Buddhahood with the Present Body), Asia Major (New Series) 17 (2), 190-215 4241:, 圓融, i.e. they are all harmoniously interconnected), a teaching which was first articulated in the 2284: 1283: 13198: 12997: 12687: 12486: 11838: 11652: 11630: 11623: 11526: 11059: 10679: 10495: 10440: 10061: 9867: 9520: 6506: 6398: 6085: 4753: 4715: 3589: 2479: 2429: 1148: 701: 7180: 7014: 5262: 4897: 4078:) – bodies emanating from the Dharmakaya in many forms, including nonhuman beings and hell beings. 3346:

Shingon Risshu. This esoteric pure land culture included esoteric uses and interpretations of the

1273: 13060: 12423: 12403: 11734: 11714: 11471: 11201: 10445: 6402: 6089: 4498:) Buddhism. For him, the differences between exoteric and esoteric can be summarised as follows: 3636: 2639: 1917: 1022: 17: 9208:"Si-do-in-dzou; gestes de l'officiant dans les cérémonies mystiques des sectes Tendaï et Singon" 8663:"The Shingon Ajikan, Meditation on the Syllable ‘A’: An analysis of components and development." 4008:

school, Shingon sees Dainichi's body as being equal to the entire universe. As Dharmakaya (Jpn:

3914: 1043: 103: 13422: 12814: 12433: 12273: 11941: 11911: 11684: 11635: 11476: 11424: 11419: 11181: 11002: 10899: 10651: 10646: 10395: 8164: 8158: 8103: 8097: 4582: 3959: 3946:

Because of this, there is the possibility of "becoming Buddha in this very embodied existence"

3632: 2718: 2454: 2439: 2419: 2344: 2339: 2254: 2161: 953: 158: 10763: 8721:

Proffitt, Aaron P. (2023). Esoteric Pure Land Buddhism, pp. 83-85. University of Hawaii Press.

8712:

Proffitt, Aaron P. (2023). Esoteric Pure Land Buddhism, pp. 35-36. University of Hawaii Press.

5390:) fire ritual is an important and recognizable ritual in Shingon. Goma has roots in the Vedic 2952:(774–835 CE) who traveled to China in 804 to study Esoteric Buddhist practices in the city of 1892: 1518: 13208: 12824: 12579: 12438: 12408: 11989: 11921: 11754: 11669: 11664: 11588: 11583: 11501: 10031: 8045: 5791:), Bīja: Bhai; Mantra: oṃ huru huru caṇḍāli mātangi svāhā (on korokoro sendari matōgi sowaka) 5300:

or “principal deity”) and also include pilgrimages to holy sites. According to Robert Sharf:

5156: 4882: 4145: 4126: 3746: 3436:(1267–1324), who entered the priesthood at Tō-ji and helped revitalize the temple as well as 3193: 3054:(though he also visited cities to study texts). During this time his main meditation was the 2659: 2649: 2604: 2047: 1832: 1582: 1533: 1141: 938: 687: 379: 11054: 8881: 8856: 6340: 5349:

may have no such special meaning. It is also possible that the creation of the specialized

4662: 4347: 3951: 3899: 3712: 3375:

by Buddhists. Major Shingon centers participated in this development, with key deities like

3220:

was becoming very popular and Shingon was also influenced by this popular devotional trend.

2818: 1882: 13407: 13390: 13004: 12461: 12428: 12413: 11931: 11828: 11774: 11659: 11598: 11566: 11561: 11546: 11531: 11521: 11486: 11399: 11091: 11014: 10317: 10257: 10006: 9973: 9923: 9477: 7841:. International Journal of Buddhist Thought & Culture September 2006, Vol.7, pp. 55-94. 7768: 7046: 6219: 5610: 5544:), the wrathful manifestation of Mahavairocana, and the principal deity invoked during the 5151: 4989: 4507: 3666: 3593: 3359: 2669: 2629: 2624: 2589: 2434: 2314: 2222: 2207: 2151: 2123: 2052: 2042: 2037: 1694: 1308: 657: 429: 409: 12301: 10916: 10785: 10711: 10587: 10325: 9543: 5466:

Adopting the practice from Shingon Buddhism, adherents the syncretic Japanese religion of

4111: 3338:

that became very popular during this period and influenced other figures and schools like

1036: 98: 8: 13025: 12268: 12147: 11981: 11956: 11946: 11906: 11883: 11766: 11739: 11699: 11618: 11608: 11536: 11463: 10894: 10751: 10532: 10510: 10462: 10282: 10082: 9938: 9918: 9507: 7124: 6136: 4905: 4406:

Kūkai describes this as "the Buddha entering the self and the self entering the Buddha" (

3921: 3769: 2936:

from a set of scrolls depicting the first eight patriarchs of the Shingon school. Japan,

2852: 2765: 2679: 2634: 2572: 2512: 2449: 2394: 2389: 2144: 2133: 2012: 1502: 1493: 1278: 1015: 10242: 10169: 9538: 9422: 9207: 8924: 8789:

Koda, Yuun (1982). Hoju Nimon no Chuin-Ryu, Journal of esoteric Buddhism 139, pp.27-42.

5851: 3062: 1427: 1318: 301: 13097: 12969: 12866: 12760: 12547: 12331: 12236: 12078: 12041: 12036: 11966: 11916: 11863: 11858: 11729: 11724: 11719: 11709: 11694: 11679: 11674: 11613: 11593: 11556: 11481: 11286: 10987: 10911: 10789: 10731: 10572: 10472: 10400: 10375: 10021: 9951: 9846: 9825: 9437: 9412: 7511: 5623: 5506: 5021: 4886: 4860: 4765: 4618: 4307:

The six symbolic elements interpenetrate without obstruction and are in eternal union.

4174: 3689: 3661: 3588:

Some of these Chinese acharyas have chosen to officially remain under the oversight of

3494: 3453: 3335: 3217: 3161: 2664: 2644: 2584: 2579: 2467: 2369: 2362: 2289: 2279: 2186: 2032: 1997: 1659: 1589: 1174: 1071: 1029: 841: 694: 661: 550: 12130: 9363: 9164:

Kukai: Major Works, Translated, With an Account of His Life and a Study of His Thought

5878: 4107: 336: 316: 13412: 13318: 13046: 12851: 12671: 12509: 12471: 12167: 12152: 12115: 12100: 11873: 11789: 11704: 11541: 11506: 11491: 11218: 11208: 10889: 10736: 10721: 10592: 10515: 10435: 10370: 10302: 10189: 9946: 9839: 9611: 9571: 9548: 9457: 9231: 9182: 9167: 9153: 9137: 9121: 9091: 9062: 9002: 8965: 8761: 8693: 8168: 8107: 8076: 8018: 8014: 7795:"Buddhist Master Wuguang's (1918–2000) Taiwanese Web of the Colonial, Exilic and Han" 7749: 7134: 5848:), Bīja: A; Mantra: oṃ a vi ra hūṃ khaṃ vajradhātu vaṃ (on abiraunken basara datoban) 5254:), which aims to help create the bond between the follower and Mahavairocana Buddha. 4947: 4744: 4736: 4706: 4698: 4394: 4384: 4357: 4057:) – the ultimate wisdom body of all the Buddhas out which the entire cosmos manifests 3620: 3615:

During the 20th century, Shingon Buddhism also spread to the West, especially to the

3511: 3125:. In 809 Kūkai was allowed to reside at a temple near Kyoto known as Takaosanji (now 2985: 2757: 2711: 2609: 2594: 2399: 2274: 2217: 2181: 2166: 2097: 2022: 2007: 2002: 1985: 1664: 1575: 1525: 1205: 138: 123: 63: 55: 13476: 11453: 10247: 10147: 9741: 9533: 9397: 7981: 5794: 5108:. This may be accompanied by instruments such as the taiko drum. A popular style of 4538:, can attain awakening through the simplest esoteric method: recitation of a mantra. 4441:

to approach but it is a real possibility within this very life. This is because the

4207: 3886:(Sanskrit for "Great Illuminator"), also known as Dainichi Nyorai (大日如来, "Great Sun 3551: 3085:

In 804, Kūkai set sail on a fleet of four ships to China. The future Tendai founder

1402: 356: 181: 13367: 13305: 13053: 13018: 12931: 12792: 12755: 12701: 12157: 12110: 12105: 11961: 11926: 11901: 11896: 11647: 11603: 11516: 11191: 10847: 10840: 10614: 10500: 10164: 10036: 9427: 9227: 8666: 8646: 8630: 7806: 7739: 7693: 7129: 7119: 5874: 5806: 5692: 5677: 5649: 5559: 4835: 4083: 4042:

was considered a manifestation of Dainichi Nyorai along with other Shinto deities.

3765: 3598: 3521: 3429: 3371:

was seen as an emanation of Vairocana in Shingon. This emanation theory was called

2909: 2674: 2619: 2549: 2539: 2404: 2017: 1990: 1857: 1674: 1478: 1442: 1078: 786: 781: 647: 642: 489: 321: 306: 12604: 11236: 8811: 7839:

Esoteric Buddhism under the Koryŏ in the Light of the Greater East Asian Tradition

5731:), Bīja: Bhaḥ; Mantra: namaḥ samanta buddhānāṃ bhaḥ (nōmaku sanmanda bodanan baku) 5695:(more accurately "thirteen deities") along with their mantras and seed syllables ( 2768:. It is sometimes also called Japanese Esoteric Buddhism, or Eastern Esotericism ( 1722: 13357: 13323: 12819: 12609: 12521: 12466: 12418: 12346: 12216: 12014: 11994: 11936: 11848: 11511: 11409: 11256: 10992: 10975: 10960: 10938: 10490: 10360: 10194: 10174: 9563: 9417: 8951: 8670: 8650: 7139: 5900: 5758: 5600: 5517: 5144: 4623: 3734: 3580:

Another recent modern development is the phenomenon of Chinese students reviving

3516: 3399: 3351: 2937: 2699: 2614: 2414: 2324: 2269: 1962: 1897: 1737: 1455: 1437: 1422: 1313: 1293: 484: 11266: 10420: 10410: 8758:

The Weaving of Mantra: Kukai and the Construction of Esoteric Buddhist Discourse

5192:; generosity, loving words, beneficial acts, adapting oneself to other's needs). 4848:. Some deities have multiple seed mantras as well along with different mantras. 4838:; for example, the seed syllable of Mahavairocana in the Garbhadhātu Mandala is 2264: 1757: 291: 236: 13362: 13350: 13340: 13335: 13328: 13039: 12831: 12738: 12476: 12179: 12029: 11811: 11391: 11371: 11291: 10980: 10970: 10904: 10741: 10227: 10090: 9791: 9708: 9616: 7461:

By the Power of One's Last Nenbutsu: Deathbed Practices in Early Medieval Japan

5722: 5509:

which is associated with devotion to Kūkai and includes a total of 88 locales.

5131:

Various Chinese masters also taught dharanis related to Amitabha; for example,

5109: 5094: 5037: 4805:

meaning of the voiced syllable will startle into awakening those long sleeping.

4282:

Mahāmandala – the entire physical universe as the body of the Dharmakaya Buddha

4250: 4233: 3808: 3793: 3608:, where two recent esoteric schools have been founded, the Chinŏn (眞言) and the 3473: 3444: 3433: 3403: 3105: 2917: 2559: 2489: 2444: 2302: 2027: 1942: 1699: 1463: 1362: 1263: 997: 635: 341: 12881: 9221:

The Ritual Books of Four Preliminary Practices: Sambo-in Lineage Kenjin School

7811: 7794: 6038: 331: 286: 216: 13460: 13431: 13373: 13218: 13113: 13032: 12983: 12809: 12694: 12680: 12599: 12540: 12246: 12095: 11404: 11306: 11164: 10965: 10943: 10879: 10550: 10345: 10340: 10232: 9901: 9645: 9601: 9512: 9467: 9353: 9292: 8628:

The Shingon Ajikan: Diagrammatic Analysis of Ritual Syntax. , 29(3), 215–229.

7753: 7154: 7149: 6481: 5910: 5895: 5782: 5563: 5545: 5392: 5025: 4732: 4670: 4442: 4427: 4325:

Since it is the power of the perfect mirror, this is true enlightened wisdom.

4030: 3980: 3940: 3781: 3616: 3372: 3189: 3176: 3027: 2384: 2379: 2319: 1927: 1912: 1852: 1684: 1644: 1387: 1328: 1268: 1253: 862: 855: 404: 281: 128: 118: 10704: 10694: 10066: 9653: 8395:, Journal of the International Association of Buddhist Studies 26 (1), 59-62 7728:"The Reception of the Mantra of Light in Republican Period Chinese Buddhism" 7235:

Dogen's Pure Standards for the Zen Community: A Translation of Eihei Shingi,

5451:

and mass chanting of the mantra of Acala by priests and lay practitioners.

5029: 4831: 3910: 3328: 3261: 3257: 3221: 3142: 2848: 2524: 2329: 974: 41: 37: 32: 13438: 13395: 12976: 12893: 12782: 12336: 12321: 12291: 12241: 12231: 12073: 11868: 11361: 11196: 11074: 10862: 10857: 10684: 10555: 10430: 9891: 9804: 9703: 9090:, International Academy of Indian Culture and Aditya Prakashan, New Delhi, 8944: 8634: 5949: 5870: 5767:), Bīja: Ha; Mantra: oṃ ha ha ha vismaye svāhā (on kakaka bisanmaei sowaka) 4313:

Through practice of three-secrets empowerment, they manifest immediately.

3609: 3563: 3200: 3130: 3043: 2963: 2945: 2913: 2897: 2840: 2424: 2309: 2227: 2113: 1952: 1937: 1777: 589: 479: 459: 351: 13102: 12787: 12661: 11119: 11104: 11064: 10761: 10425: 10001: 9606: 9215:

A Study of the Ritual Mudras in the Shingon Tradition and Their Symbolism.

6817: 5927: 5454: 5328: 5321: 5280: 5216: 5095: 5088: 5059: 5045: 4924: 4917: 4843: 4361: 4345: 4186: 4175: 3952: 3887: 3224:

soon became the center for groups of wandering holy men called Kōya Hijiri

1767: 1563: 1531: 1499: 1476: 449: 13296: 13107: 12950: 12871: 12841: 12648: 12635: 12594: 12571: 12306: 12135: 11276: 11261: 11044: 10852: 10780: 10560: 10390: 10292: 10139: 10011: 9736: 9447: 9432: 9382: 9120:, Berkeley, Calif.: Numata Center for Buddhist Translation and Research. 7769:"Replanting the Bodhi Tree: Buddhist Sectarianism and Zhenyan Revivalism" 6991: 6488: 6283: 6249: 6164: 5996: 5992: 5827:), Bīja: Trāḥ; Mantra: oṃ amṛta teje hara hūṃ (on amirita teisei kara un) 5703: 5590: 5580: 5132: 5113: 4810: 4789:

Vaṃ – the seed syllable mantra of Mahavairocana in the Vajradhātu Mandala

4516: 4491: 3876: 3785: 3752: 3739: 3640: 3605: 3490: 3113: 3094: 3059: 2977: 2826: 2814: 2494: 1812: 1787: 1772: 1469: 1412: 1355: 1238: 1160: 756: 374: 346: 186: 78: 12296: 10756: 9832: 9373: 9348: 9282: 9272: 7744: 7727: 7714:

Replanting the Bodhi Tree: Buddhist Sectarianism and Zhenyan Revivalism.

7698: 7681: 7515: 5818: 5467: 5150:

Shingon ethical teachings rely on the basic Buddhist precepts, Mahayana

4564: 3387: 3229: 3134: 2885: 1367: 153: 148: 13417: 13228: 13223: 13188: 12960: 12926: 12797: 12750: 12653: 12643: 12251: 12209: 12085: 11891: 11816: 11430: 11414: 11376: 11356: 11251: 11226: 11134: 11069: 11049: 10795: 10726: 10597: 10480: 10450: 10385: 10335: 9993: 9983: 9956: 9731: 9553: 9482: 9343: 9277: 8882:"Thirteen Deities Of The Shingon Tradition Giclee Print by Pasang Lama" 7144: 6781: 6492:

The main hall of Gokuraku-ji, the head temple of the Ishizuchisan sect.

6352: 6237: 6009: 5976: 5815:), Bīja: Saḥ; Mantra: oṃ saṃ jaṃ jaṃ saḥ svāhā (on san zan saku sowaka) 5570: 5501: 5179: 5014: 4694: 4635: 4630:, approximately 17th–18th century. This is a popular mantra in Shingon. 4627: 4607: 4590: 4585:

in Nagoya. A monk is rhythmically beating a drum while chanting sutras.

4535: 4511: 4434: 4258: 4216: 4133:

The Wisdom that Perceives the Essential Nature of the World of Dharma (

4025: 3984: 3936: 3891: 3575: 3567: 3482: 3437: 2822: 2499: 2259: 2156: 1932: 1842: 1827: 1752: 1747: 1624: 1372: 1351: 1248: 1243: 992: 960: 931: 834: 827: 763: 751: 726: 424: 206: 13345: 11271: 10267: 6448: 5529: 5368: 5223:). However, many esoteric practices require the student to undergo an 2843:

and received these esoteric transmissions from a Chinese master named

1762: 1303: 917: 665: 13260: 13203: 13162: 13135: 13084: 12943: 12938: 12876: 12846: 12745: 12226: 12199: 11366: 11241: 10953: 10869: 10746: 10636: 10609: 10602: 10565: 10522: 10485: 10252: 10217: 10184: 10159: 10114: 9726: 9528: 9487: 9407: 9358: 7083: 6665: 6328: 6225: 6209: 6145: 6141: 6042: 6022: 6018: 5922: 5830: 5734: 5224: 5087:, "Visualization of the Five Elements Arrayed in the Body," from the 5033: 4923: 4654: 4602:) and the use of ritual instruments, speech through sacred formulas ( 4594: 4495: 4181:, the illumination of the Buddha's body of wisdom is symbolized as a 4122: 4039: 3883: 3849: 3761: 3486: 3411: 3368: 3343: 3265: 3116:, the first major temple in which Kūkai worked on his return to Japan 2855:), which remains the central pilgrimage center of Shingon Buddhism. 2761: 2544: 2519: 1957: 1717: 1669: 1407: 1397: 1392: 1377: 1323: 924: 595: 558: 474: 133: 11999: 10835: 10689: 10455: 10237: 10106: 10098: 9751: 9287: 8850: 6387: 6074: 3449: 3415: 3086: 1887: 1817: 464: 246: 196: 13245: 13124: 13075: 12836: 12626: 12516: 12356: 12311: 12256: 12221: 12125: 11784: 11351: 11346: 11296: 11231: 11149: 11114: 11109: 10770: 10641: 10629: 10540: 10199: 9896: 9786: 9586: 9472: 9392: 6673: 6476: 6461: 6034: 6005: 5937: 5770: 5644:

Silk painting of the Thirteen Deities, Nambokucho-Muromachi period.

5212: 5041: 4984: 4856: 4487: 4479: 3657: 3571: 3556: 3544: 3376: 3126: 3109: 2953: 2901: 2799: 2554: 2534: 2529: 2409: 2105: 1877: 1802: 1727: 1679: 1629: 1417: 1213: 454: 266: 12804: 12772: 11341: 11331: 11316: 11139: 11009: 10277: 9771: 9761: 9746: 7873:

Buddhist Thought: A Complete Introduction to the Indian Tradition.

6940: 6307: 6188: 5536: 5354: 3421:

Also during this period, many followers of the Ji sect founded by

3402:(1185 to 1333) saw the rise of another new Shingon tradition, the 3380: 3155: 2949: 2933: 2830: 1907: 1872: 1862: 1822: 444: 251: 221: 201: 191: 143: 13280: 13255: 13250: 13092: 12765: 12261: 12204: 12189: 11336: 11326: 11301: 11176: 11171: 11129: 11099: 11031: 10997: 10884: 10825: 10820: 10674: 10577: 10415: 10365: 10152: 9978: 9818: 9781: 9766: 9581: 9333: 9152:, Berkeley: Numata Center for Buddhist Translation and Research. 9136:, Numata Center for Buddhist Translation and Research, Berkeley, 8912:

Thirteen Buddhas: Tracing the Roots of the Thirteen Buddha Rites,

7184: 6364: 5966: 5421: 5397: 5279: 5105: 4852: 4677: 4666: 4650: 4528: 4503: 4446: 4368: 4271: 4220: 4208:

The six great elements, the four mandalas and the three mysteries

4017: 3930: 3236: 3039: 2873: 2868: 2234: 1867: 1797: 1792: 1689: 1634: 1333: 1288: 1123: 895: 874: 399: 231: 113: 10948: 10716: 5716: 5696: 5685: 5353:

rank at Kōyasan may have been a tradition which developed after

5143:

Another important element of Shingon practice is the keeping of

3871: 226: 211: 13145: 12921: 12916: 12903: 12856: 12777: 12728: 12589: 12341: 12326: 12162: 12024: 12004: 11779: 11441: 11321: 11311: 11246: 10874: 10830: 10815: 10805: 10775: 10699: 10582: 10350: 10222: 9966: 9961: 9811: 9626: 9596: 9591: 9576: 9558: 9267: 9252: 8232:, p. 189. Asiatische Forschungen 151. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. 6809: 6295: 6176: 5681: 5168: 4793: 4676:

The abhisheka includes entering a prepared ritual space with a

4661:) are undertaken by initiates. As the Indian Shingon patriarch 4658: 4642: 4638: 4603: 4483: 4246: 4242: 4035: 4013: 3992: 3628: 3347: 3240: 3210: 3122: 3090: 3055: 3051: 2980:. Kūkai returned to Japan with the teachings and scriptures of 2973: 2905: 2893: 2889: 2881: 2864: 2844: 2803: 2777: 2694: 2249: 2244: 2239: 2202: 1902: 1837: 1807: 1742: 1639: 1155: 1113: 1106: 1101: 1096: 902: 881: 798: 733: 719: 469: 419: 414: 326: 296: 108: 88: 7498:

Quinter, D. (2018). Mantras and Materialities: Saidaiji Order

6464:

is the head temple of the Daigo-ha branch of Shingon Buddhism.

5278:

In the case of disciples wishing to train to become a Shingon

4834:, or "seed-syllable" mantras) are generally associated with a 4452:

According to Kūkai, the core teaching on enlightenment in the

3514:(1868), the state forced a separation of Shinto and Buddhism ( 13313: 13238: 13233: 13213: 13150: 12861: 12733: 12723: 12616: 12584: 12481: 12316: 12174: 12140: 12120: 12090: 12019: 11436: 11281: 11159: 11154: 11124: 11079: 10926: 10921: 10800: 10505: 10330: 10297: 10287: 9776: 9756: 9497: 9462: 9179:

Foundation of Japanese Buddhism, Vol. I: The Aristocratic Age

8461:"Shingon Mikkyō's Twofold Maṇḍala: Paradoxes and Integration" 6457: 6453: 5956: 5885: 5779:), Bīja: Yu; Mantra: oṃ maitreya svāhā (on maitareiya sowaka) 5706: 5569:

In Shingon, divine beings are grouped into six main classes:

5541: 5525: 5448: 5432: 5406: 5396:

ritual and this was acknowledged by traditional authors like

4913: 4774: 4646: 4599: 4543: 4524: 4182: 4000: 3958:) of the Buddha. Kūkai thus rejected the idea we lived in an 3789: 3612:(眞覺), both of which are largely based on Shingon teachings. 3422: 3407: 3339: 3047: 3038:

Kūkai was born to a family of the aristocratic Saeki clan in

2860: 2484: 1947: 1847: 1782: 1258: 1118: 967: 946: 888: 793: 568: 434: 311: 271: 261: 256: 241: 93: 83: 9262: 9257: 8465:

Journal of the International Association of Buddhist Studies

4959:

apart from the standard palm to palm version, including the

3246:

Kakuban, and his faction of priests centered at the Denbō-in

3026:, the posthumous name given to him years after his death by 12911: 12563: 12351: 11144: 10810: 10307: 7865: 6153:

The Eight Great Doctrine-Expounding Patriarchs (Fuho-Hasso

5648:

The most important set of deities in Shingon is called the

5067:

There are other forms of Shingon practice. For example, in

4785: 4438: 4422: 4322:

Each of the Five Wisdoms is endowed with unlimited wisdom.

4267: 4212: 3764:(then known as Mantrayana, the Vehicle of Mantras). Unlike 3364: 909: 276: 8853:"Jusan Butsu – The Thirteen Buddhas of the Shingon School" 8046:

http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2014/entries/kukai/

7261:

Kūkai in China, What He Studied and Brought Back to Japan.

5755:), Bīja: Aṃ; Mantra: oṃ samayas tvaṃ (on sanmaya satoban) 5028:

in Mahayana and in esoteric Buddhism, which signifies the

4257:

For Kūkai, the consequence of this doctrine is a complete

4045:

Kūkai explains the Dharmakaya as having four main bodies (

3848:, Taisho no. 1668), which was traditionally attributed to 3165:

His request was eventually granted, a year after his death

12009: 10545: 8066: 5921:) "The Conqueror of The Three Planes" – Manifestation of 5803:), Bīja: Sa; Mantra: oṃ ārolik svāhā (on arorikya sowaka) 5309:

These complex rites are taught through oral transmission

4979: 4087: 3966: 3133:

became his patron and Kūkai was appointed as the head of

1649: 8945:

The Koyasan Shingon-shu Lay Practitioner's Daily Service

7831: 7264:

Education About ASIA, Volume 26, Number 3 Winter 2021.

6472:

Chishaku-in is the head temple of Shingon-shū Chizan-ha.

5909:) "The Dispenser of Heavenly Nectar" – Manifestation of 5839:), Bīja: Hūṃ; Mantra: oṃ akṣobhya hūṃ (on akishubiya un) 3386:

Also during the Heian period, the syncretic religion of

3033: 12532: 9181:. Buddhist Books International, Los Angeles und Tokio. 8966:"Kings of Brightness in Japanese Esoteric Buddhist Art" 6222:

from Vajrasattva inside an Iron Stupa in Southern India

4613: 3830:

Another important source for the Shingon school is the

3199:

Shingon Buddhism enjoyed immense popularity during the

9203:", Pacific World Journal, Third Series, No 6, 105–227. 5743:), Bīja: Maṃ; Mantra: oṃ a ra pa ca na (on arahashanō) 4758: 4720: 4410:, literally "entering-self and self-entering") in his 4223:

with Mahāvairocana located at the center of the circle

4090:

standing apart from the universe. Instead, the Buddha

3935:

within. This is also known as the "enligthened mind" (

3875:

12th century painting of Mahāvairocana, Heian period,

2813:

was founded in China (c. 7th–8th centuries) by Indian

7716:

Pacific World: Third Series Number 20 (2018): 95-129.

5676:十三仏事) that are associated with the deceased and with 5010: 4993: 9109:

Beginner's Handbook for the Shido Kegyo of Chuin-ryu

8163:. New York, NY: Columbia University Press. pp. 8102:. New York, NY: Columbia University Press. pp. 4999:

Another important meditative practice of Shingon is

4938:

Wisdom, Buddha-Realm, Sun, and Vajra Realm mandala;

4097: 3909:) states that Mahāvairocana is “the original ground 3807:, Taishō vol. 8, no. 243). This is a late "tantric" 8230:

Reflecting Mirrors: Perspectives on Huayan Buddhism

4310:They are not apart from any of the Four Mandalas. 3531: 9196:. Los Angeles/Tokyo: Buddhist Books International. 9114:Giebel, Rolf W.; Todaro, Dale A.; transl. (2004). 9059:Koyasan Shingon Buddhism: A Handbook for Followers 6144:, but the first human to receive the doctrine was 5123:Shingon practice may also include the practice of 4473: 4329:As such, through the Shingon "three-secrets yoga" 4191:, meanwhile, the Buddha's Body of Principle (Jp.: 3772:, which are tantras that arose at a later date of 3543:(青龍寺; Qīnglóng Sì; lit. 'Green Dragon Temple') in 9177:Matsunaga, Daigan; and Matsunaga, Alicia (1974). 8954:, Shingon Buddhist International Institute (1999) 8681: 7799:The e-Journal of East and Central Asian Religions 4881:). However, the pronunciation of mantras is in a 4563:Shingon altar with Vairocana Buddha and Acala at 3861:Hizō hōyaku (Precious Key to the Secret Treasury) 3852:(though it is likely an East Asian composition). 3776:, Shingon bases itself on earlier works like the 13458: 6272:The Eight Great Lineage Patriarchs (Denji-Hasso 5317:, the specific details of each rite may differ. 4478:Kūkai wrote at length on the difference between 4437:is not a distant, foreign reality that can take 4339: 3760:Shingon derives form the early period of Indian 13012:Hatha Yoga: The Report of a Personal Experience 9043:. Kuperard. pp. 20, 69. ISBN 978-1-85733-433-3. 8008: 5660: 4303:and things in the following important passage: 3997: 3866: 3724: 3701: 3678: 3493:(the Chisan-ha school). In the Edo period, the 3316: 3293: 3256:soon came into conflict with the leadership at 3019: 3000: 2749: 40:, the head temple of the Kōyasan sect based in 9322: 8760:. Columbia University Press. pp. 43, 44. 7986:Japanese Architecture and Art Net Users System 7101: 7092: 7077: 7068: 7059: 7050: 7036: 7027: 7018: 7004: 6995: 6983: 6970: 6953: 6944: 6930: 6921: 6910: 6901: 6890: 6881: 6870: 6861: 6850: 6841: 6830: 6821: 6803: 6794: 6785: 6771: 6762: 6753: 6742: 6733: 6722: 6713: 6704: 6695: 6686: 6677: 6659: 6650: 6641: 6630: 6624: 6615: 6604: 6595: 6586: 6577: 6568: 6559: 6550: 6541: 6532: 6519: 6510: 6498: 6368: 6356: 6344: 6332: 6320: 6311: 6299: 6287: 6273: 6253: 6241: 6229: 6213: 6201: 6192: 6180: 6168: 6154: 6025: 6012: 5999: 5986: 5980: 5970: 5960: 5948:) "The Devourer of Demons" – Manifestation of 5943: 5931: 5916: 5904: 5889: 5855: 5843: 5834: 5822: 5810: 5798: 5786: 5774: 5762: 5750: 5738: 5726: 5710: 5654: 5627: 5617: 5604: 5594: 5584: 5574: 5480:ritual, of which two types are prominent: the 5471: 5442: 5437: 5385: 5337: 5291: 5249: 5231: 5206: 5101:) as manifestations of the Buddha Vairocana. 5082: 5072: 5004: 4876: 4867: 4316:The universal web is what we call this body. 3975:Dainichi-nyorai (Vairocana) image in Kume-dera 3718: 3695: 3672: 3458: 3310: 3287: 3270: 3249: 3204: 3147: 3141:In 818, Kūkai asked emperor Saga to grant him 3013: 2994: 2847:(746–805). Kūkai established his tradition at 2834: 2743: 12548: 9875: 9308: 9088:The Esoteric Iconography of Japanese Mandalas 8040: 8038: 8036: 8034: 8004: 8002: 5936:) "The Defeater of Death" – Manifestation of 4336:and he quickly attains great enlightenment". 3898:) Buddha that is the basis of all phenomena. 3857:Jūjū shinron (Treatise on Ten Levels of Mind) 3393: 3350:along with the popularization and use of the 2967: 2957: 2948:(794–1185) by a Japanese Buddhist monk named 2792: 2785: 2719: 2074: 1182: 527: 10657:Basic points unifying Theravāda and Mahāyāna 9206:Toki, Hôryû; Kawamura, Seiichi, tr, (1899). 9076:. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. 7900:Sino-Indian Studies. Volume 5, Part 2, 1956. 7233:Taigen Dan Leighton; Shohaku Okumura (1996) 6576:Samboin-Ryu Shingen-Gata Kōya-Sojo Lineage ( 6540:Nishinoin-Ryu Genyu-Gata Kōya-Sojo Lineage ( 6531:Nishinoin-Ryu Nozen-Gata Kōya-Sojo Lineage ( 6030:Patron deity of Knowledge, Art and Music). 4379:): the power of Buddha's blessing or grace ( 3089:was on the same fleet. When Kūkai first met 2908:). Shingon Buddhism also influenced broader 9253:Koyasan Shingon Sect Main Temple Kongobu-ji 9083:, Bukkyō Dendō Kyōkai America Incorporated. 9074:The Religious Traditions of Japan: 500–1600 8452: 6558:Samboin-Ryu Kenjin-Gata Kōya-Sojo Lineage ( 6549:Nishinoin-Ryu Enyu-Gata Kōya-Sojo Lineage ( 6484:is the head temple of Shingon-shū Buzan-ha. 6416:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 6103:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 5420:Goma is performed by qualified priests and 5171:), there are four main samayas in Shingon: 12555: 12541: 9882: 9868: 9315: 9301: 8851:Shingon Buddhist International Institute. 8031: 7999: 5024:: 𑖀) written using the Siddhaṃ alphabet. 4249:. Like Fazang, Kūkai uses the metaphor of 3799:Another important sutra in Shingon is the 3228:who merged Pure Land practices focused on 2976:, a student of the Indian esoteric master 2912:, including medieval Japanese aesthetics, 2726: 2712: 2081: 2067: 1189: 1175: 534: 520: 8990:Myōō: Buddhist Deities of Wrath and Love 8846: 8844: 7810: 7743: 7697: 7663:Deal, William E.; Ruppert, Brian (2015). 6567:Samboin-Ryu Ikyo-Gata Kōya-Sojo Lineage ( 6436:Learn how and when to remove this message 6123:Learn how and when to remove this message 5894:) "The Immovable One" – Manifestation of 4626:(Japanese: kōmyō shingon, 光明眞言) mandala, 4060:The Dharmakaya in Bliss / Participation ( 3002:Great Master of the Propagation of Dharma 8011:Buddhism: Flammarion Iconographic Guides 7974: 7665:A Cultural History of Japanese Buddhism, 6761:Saidaiji-Ryu Lineage (already extinct) ( 6487: 6475: 6467: 6447: 6060: 6052: 5639: 5566:fire ritual and in liturgical services. 5535: 5522:A Kamakura era statue of Dainichi Nyorai 5516: 5453: 5367: 5342:)—the highest rank of Shingon practice. 5261: 5196: 5052:Record of Oral Instruction on the Ajikan 4983: 4904: 4896: 4784: 4617: 4569: 4558: 4523:Kūkai held that exoteric doctrines were 4421: 4211: 4101: 3970: 3870: 3821:Dale jingang bukong zhenshi sanmohe jing 3623:). There are now various temples on the 3550: 3535: 3472: 3175: 3104: 2927: 31: 11844:Banishment of Buddhist monks from Nepal 9521:Twelve Heavenly Generals (Jūni Shinshō) 9241:, Boston/London: Shambala Publications. 9234:ISBN 978-90-04-20401-0. OCLC 731667667. 9166:, New York: Columbia University Press, 8925:"The 13 Buddhas – The Thirteen Buddhas" 8834: 8832: 8733: 8731: 8729: 8727: 8613: 8611: 8601: 8599: 8597: 8569: 8567: 8565: 8563: 5680:making. Each figure also has their own 5635: 5558:The Shingon pantheon includes numerous 5266:A priest from the Chuin-ryu lineage at 5257: 4842:while a key mantra of Mahavairocana is 4502:Esoteric teachings are preached by the 3757:Kūkai wrote commentaries on all three. 14: 13459: 12047:List of Buddhist architecture in China 9525:Twenty-Eight Legions (Nijūhachi-Bushū) 8963: 8906: 8904: 8902: 8876: 8874: 8841: 8458: 8387: 8385: 8383: 8381: 8379: 8377: 8375: 8373: 8371: 8369: 8350: 8348: 8307: 8305: 8295: 8293: 8283: 8281: 8279: 8242: 8240: 8238: 8197: 8195: 8193: 8156: 8125: 8123: 8095: 7967: 7965: 7963: 7961: 7959: 7908: 7906: 7883: 7881: 7675: 7673: 7527: 7525: 7523: 6982:The Reformed (Shingi) Shingon School ( 5842:Mahavairocana Buddha (Dainichi-Nyorai 5415:Commentary on the Mahavairocana Sutra: 5093:), the focus is on the five elements ( 4980:Ajikan and other contemplative methods 4399:); and the power of the Dharma realm ( 4082:Although portrayed through the use of 3967:Activities and forms of the Dharmakaya 3656:The teachings of Shingon are based on 12536: 9863: 9296: 9194:Shingon Buddhism: Theory and Practice 8665:The Matheson Trust (2017) p. 1 - 33. 7792: 7766: 7679: 7605: 7603: 7593: 7591: 7504:Japanese Journal of Religious Studies 7485: 7483: 7473: 7471: 7469: 7446: 7444: 7419: 7417: 7335: 7333: 6065:Amoghavajra, from the Shingon Hassozō 5400:(8th century). According to Yi Xing: 4815:Commentary to the Mahavairocana Sutra 4649:(hand gestures) and visualization of 3604:A similar phenomenon has occurred in 3071:Ākāśagarbha Memory-Retention Practice 3034:Kūkai's early days and visit to China 13472:Schools of Buddhism founded in Japan 9162:Hakeda, Yoshito S., transl. (1972). 8829: 8749: 8724: 8608: 8594: 8560: 7871:Williams, Paul, and Tribe, Anthony. 7254: 7252: 6497:The Orthodox (Kogi) Shingon School ( 6414:adding citations to reliable sources 6381: 6101:adding citations to reliable sources 6068: 5376:ritual performed Jofuku Temple (常福寺) 4614:The Three Mysteries and consecration 2944:Shingon Buddhism was founded in the 2892:. Its teachings also influenced the 9239:Shingon: Japanese Esoteric Buddhism 8992:. Nara: Nara National Museum, 2000. 8899: 8871: 8755: 8366: 8345: 8302: 8290: 8276: 8235: 8190: 8141: 8120: 7956: 7903: 7878: 7786: 7760: 7670: 7520: 5360: 5138: 5026:The letter A is an important symbol 4809:As such, mantras are also not mere 4669:are simply the wisdom of tathāgata 4657:(consecration) where tantric vows ( 4456:is found in the following passages: 3664:. The key esoteric sources are the 3555:Entrance to the Shingon Mission in 3410:(叡尊 1201–1290) and centered around 2798:), which is the translation of the 24: 11834:Silk Road transmission of Buddhism 9364:Five Wisdom Buddhas (Godai Nyorai) 9201:Ritual Syntax and Cognitive Theory 9061:, Japan: Koyasan Shingon Mission, 8067:Ten Grotenhuis, Elizabeth (1999). 7725: 7600: 7588: 7480: 7466: 7441: 7432: 7414: 7330: 6952:Nishinoin-Ryu Nozen-Gata Lineage ( 6149:great expounders of the doctrine. 6135:The Shingon lineage is an ancient 4482:, that is to say, mainstream (non- 4094:the universe properly understood. 3836:and a commentary on it called the 2177:Decline in the Indian subcontinent 2172:Silk Road transmission of Buddhism 25: 13493: 9246: 7667:Chapter 7. John Wiley & Sons. 7249: 7058:Samboin-Ryu Kenjin-Gata Lineage ( 6969:Samboin-Ryu Kenjin-Gata Lineage ( 6793:Samboin-Ryu Kenjin-Gata Lineage ( 6770:Samboin-Ryu Kenjin-Gata Lineage ( 6741:Nishinoin-Ryu Enyu-Gata Lineage ( 6694:Samboin-Ryu Kenjin-Gata Lineage ( 4098:The wisdom body of the Dharmakaya 4024:). Furthermore, according to the 3838:On the Interpretation of Mahāyāna 3817:Mahāsukhavajra-amoghasamaya-sūtra 3379:being worshipped at temples like 3100: 12515: 12505: 12504: 12062:Thai temple art and architecture 11807:Huichang persecution of Buddhism 10047:Iconography in Laos and Thailand 9913: 9900: 9890: 9372: 9232:10.1163/ej.9789004184916.i-1200. 9033: 9028:Encyclopedia of Asian Philosophy 9020: 8995: 8983: 8957: 8938: 8917: 8804: 8795: 8783: 8774: 8740: 8715: 8706: 8675: 8655: 8639: 8620: 8585: 8576: 8551: 8542: 8533: 8524: 8515: 8506: 8497: 8488: 8479: 7793:Bahir, Cody (31 December 2013). 6685:Samboin-Ryu Jozei-Gata Lineage ( 6386: 6073: 5864: 5609:), Buddha emanations (Sanskrit: 4855:, vidyas, etc.) are recorded in 4851:In Shingon, mantras (as well as 4581:Video showing prayer service at 4520:is considered a mantra by Kūkai. 3532:20th century and post-war period 2693: 2112: 1222: 869:Thought forms and visualisation: 567: 62: 9914: 9438:Vajrapāramitā (Kongō-Haramitsu) 9050: 8964:Vilbar, Sinéad (October 2013). 8443: 8434: 8425: 8416: 8407: 8398: 8393:Thinking through Shingon Ritual 8357: 8336: 8323: 8314: 8267: 8258: 8249: 8222: 8213: 8204: 8181: 8150: 8132: 8089: 8060: 8051: 7947: 7933: 7924: 7915: 7890: 7853: 7844: 7819: 7719: 7706: 7657: 7648: 7639: 7630: 7621: 7612: 7579: 7570: 7561: 7552: 7543: 7534: 7492: 7453: 7426: 7405: 7396: 7387: 7378: 7369: 7360: 7351: 7342: 7321: 7312: 7303: 7294: 7285: 7276: 4800:Furthermore, Kūkai also states: 4474:The nature of esoteric Buddhism 4433:According to Shingon doctrine, 3505: 2984:and founded a new tradition of 2756:is one of the major schools of 12052:Japanese Buddhist architecture 11854:Sinhalese Buddhist nationalism 10934:Seven Factors of Enlightenment 10125:Places where the Buddha stayed 9508:Four Heavenly Kings (Shitennō) 9354:Bhaiṣajyaguru (Yakushi Nyorai) 9146:Giebel, Rolf, transl. (2006). 9133:The Vairocanābhisaṃbodhi Sutra 9130:Giebel, Rolf, transl. (2006), 8970:The Metropolitan Museum of Art 8685:The Cambridge history of Japan 8320:Yamasaki (1988), pp. 106, 111. 7767:Bahir, Cody (1 January 2018). 7435:A History of Japan, Revised Ed 7267: 7240: 7227: 7218: 7209: 7200: 7191: 7173: 5915:Trailokyavijaya (Gōzanze Myōō 4389:); one's power of self-merit ( 4266:) which is identical with the 3171: 2754:, "True Word / Mantra School") 13: 1: 12067:Tibetan Buddhist architecture 8582:Yamasaki (1988), p. 107, 113. 8485:Yamasaki (1988), pp. 123-125. 8228:Hamar, Imre (Editor) (2007). 7187:– via Encyclopedia.com. 7166: 5942:Vajrayaksa (Kongō Yasha Myōō 5495: 5167:Regarding the esoteric vows ( 4417: 4340:Buddha's power and self-power 3477:Office of Hase-dera in spring 3468: 2760:and one of the few surviving 508:Glossary of Japanese Buddhism 13482:Buddhism in the Heian period 11824:Buddhism and the Roman world 11800:Decline of Buddhism in India 11795:History of Buddhism in India 9895: Topics in 8914:Introduction. Vivlia Limited 8671:10.6084/m9.figshare.11859951 8651:10.6084/m9.figshare.11859951 7898:Tantric Prajñaparamita texts 7282:Hakeda (1972), pp. 15, 22-23 6017:Patron deity of Wealth) and 5854:Bodhisattva (Kokūzō-Bosatsu 5809:Bodhisattva (Seishi-Bosatsu 5797:Bodhisattva (Kannon-Bosatsu 5773:Bodhisattva (Miroku-Bosatsu 5462:along the Shikoku Pilgrimage 5116:(声明), a style influenced by 5032:, the Buddha Mahavairocana, 5009:) "meditating on the letter 3867:The Dharmakaya Mahāvairocana 3646: 2962:), then called Chang-an, at 2839:, 774–835), who traveled to 2375:Buddhist Paths to liberation 681:Gateway of the Hidden Flower 605:Indonesian Esoteric Buddhism 7: 11022:Twenty-two vows of Ambedkar 10762: 9513:Eight Legions (Hachi-Bushū) 9359:Vairocana (Dainichi Nyorai) 9199:Payne, Richard K. (2004). " 8910:Hutchins, Steven J (2015). 8331:Kukai's Sokushin-Jobutsu-Gi 8157:Hakeda, Yushito S. (1972). 8096:Hakeda, Yushoto S. (1972). 7627:Yamasaki (1988), pp. 47-48. 7597:Yamasaki (1988), pp. 45-46. 7576:Yamasaki (1988), pp. 43-44. 7549:Yamasaki (1988), pp. 50-51. 7450:Yamasaki (1988), pp. 39-40. 7112: 6377: 5749:Bodhisattva (Fugen-Bosatsu 5737:Bodhisattva (Monju-Bosatsu 5661: 5512: 5438: 5329: 5322: 5281: 5217: 5096: 5089: 5060: 5046: 4925: 4918: 4844: 4759: 4721: 4554: 4362: 4346: 4187: 4176: 4148:(storehouse consciousness). 4067:Transformation Dharmakaya ( 3998: 3953: 3725: 3702: 3679: 3317: 3294: 3180:Shingon monks at Mount Koya 3020: 3001: 2793: 2750: 1564: 1532: 1500: 1477: 1136:Ordination and transmission 10: 13498: 11972:The unanswerable questions 9627:Circumstantial appearances 9325:Japanese Buddhist pantheon 8812:"Ascetic Practice of Fire" 8690:Cambridge University Press 8682:John Whitney Hall (1988). 8471:(1): 91–92. Archived from 8391:Sharf, Robert, H. (2003). 8073:University of Hawaii Press 6526:decided after World War II 6319:Nagabodhi (Ryūchi-Bosatsu 6200:Nagabodhi (Ryūchi-Bosatsu 6048: 5873:" (Godai Myō-ō, 五大明王) are 5761:Bodhisattva (Jizō-Bosatsu 5554:Japanese Buddhist pantheon 5551: 5162:ten wholesome dharma paths 5118:traditional Japanese music 4885:, not any Indian style of 4821:大日經疏, T. 1796) of Yi Xing: 4684: 4510:(emanation) Buddhas, like 4383:, which is "other power," 4245:school by patriarchs like 3651: 3489:(the Buzan school) and at 3394:Kamakura to Sengoku period 2923: 611:Filipino Esoteric Buddhism 13403:International Day of Yoga 13383: 13304: 13295: 13161: 13123: 13083: 13074: 12959: 12902: 12711: 12670: 12634: 12625: 12570: 12500: 12452: 12367: 12282: 12057:Buddhist temples in Korea 11980: 11882: 11765: 11462: 11390: 11217: 11090: 11030: 10665: 10620:Chinese Esoteric Buddhism 10531: 10523:Three planes of existence 10471: 10316: 10208: 10138: 10130:Buddha in world religions 9992: 9937: 9909: 9800: 9717: 9625: 9496: 9488:Yamāntaka (Daiitoku-Myoō) 9446: 9428:Mahāsthāmaprāpta (Seishi) 9381: 9370: 9332: 9072:Bowring, Richard (2008). 9007:www.onmarkproductions.com 8780:Hakeda (1972), pp. 95-96. 8626:Richard K. Payne (1999). 8363:Hakeda (1972), pp. 61-74. 8273:Hakeda (1972), pp. 90-91. 8187:Hakeda (1972), pp. 83-84. 8129:Hakeda (1972), pp. 78-79. 8057:Hakeda (1972), pp. 77-78. 7812:10.2218/ejecar.2013.1.737 7726:An, Saiping (July 2023). 7384:Hakeda (1972), pp. 46-47. 7375:Hakeda (1972), pp. 44-46. 7339:Hakeda (1972), pp. 32-33. 7327:Hakeda (1972), pp. 31-32. 7291:Hakeda (1972), pp. 16-20. 7102: 7093: 7078: 7069: 7060: 7051: 7037: 7035:Samboin-Ryu Nisshu-Sojo ( 7028: 7019: 7005: 6996: 6984: 6971: 6954: 6945: 6931: 6922: 6911: 6902: 6891: 6882: 6871: 6862: 6851: 6842: 6831: 6822: 6804: 6795: 6786: 6772: 6763: 6754: 6743: 6734: 6723: 6714: 6705: 6696: 6687: 6678: 6660: 6651: 6642: 6631: 6625: 6623:Shinanshoji-Ryu Lineage ( 6616: 6605: 6596: 6587: 6578: 6569: 6560: 6551: 6542: 6533: 6520: 6511: 6499: 6369: 6357: 6345: 6333: 6321: 6312: 6300: 6288: 6274: 6254: 6242: 6230: 6214: 6202: 6193: 6181: 6169: 6155: 6026: 6013: 6000: 5987: 5981: 5975:, Goddess of the Earth), 5971: 5961: 5944: 5932: 5917: 5905: 5890: 5888:or Acalanatha (Fudō Myōō 5856: 5844: 5835: 5823: 5811: 5799: 5787: 5775: 5763: 5751: 5739: 5727: 5711: 5655: 5628: 5618: 5605: 5595: 5585: 5575: 5472: 5443: 5386: 5338: 5292: 5268:Shigisan Chosonshi Temple 5250: 5232: 5207: 5145:Buddhist ethical precepts 5083: 5073: 5005: 4877: 4868: 4780: 4748: 4740: 4710: 4702: 4691:Mandala of the Two Realms 3780:which generally lack the 3719: 3696: 3673: 3582:Chinese Esoteric Buddhism 3459: 3311: 3288: 3271: 3250: 3205: 3148: 3042:and received a classical 3014: 2995: 2982:Chinese Esoteric Buddhism 2968: 2958: 2835: 2786: 2744: 27:Sect of Japanese Buddhism 13423:Yoga scholars (template) 12688:Yoga Sutras of Patanjali 12562: 11839:Persecution of Buddhists 11060:Four stages of awakening 10441:Three marks of existence 10027:Physical characteristics 9534:Vaiśravaṇa (Bishamonten) 9483:Mahāmāyūrī (Kujaku-Myoō) 9433:Vajrasattva (Kongōsatta) 9413:Mahāpratisarā (Daizuigu) 9344:Śākyamuni (Shaka Nyorai) 9237:Yamasaki, Taiko (1988). 9107:Dreitlein, Eijo (2011). 9100:Dreitlein, Eijo (2011). 9086:Chandra, Lokesh (2003). 8617:Yamasaki (1988), p. 114. 8605:Yamasaki (1988), p. 113. 8591:Yamasaki (1988), p. 112. 8573:Yamasaki (1988), p. 115. 8557:Yamasaki (1988), p. 117. 8539:Yamasaki (1988), p. 116. 8503:Yamasaki (1988), p. 138. 8494:Yamasaki (1988), p. 128. 8311:Yamasaki (1988), p. 110. 8009:Frédéric, Louis (1995). 7393:Hakeda (1972), pp. 49-50 7273:Hakeda (1972), pp. 14-15 7076:Daidenboin-Ryu Lineage ( 6629:, established by Jogon ( 4892: 3859:and the shorter summary 3801:Prajñāpāramitānaya-sūtra 2817:(esoteric masters) like 1149:Pointing-out instruction 702:True Awakening Tradition 13061:Yogasopana Purvacatuska 11202:Ten principal disciples 10085:(aunt, adoptive mother) 9549:Maheśvara (Daijizaiten) 9517:Twelve Devas (Jūni-ten) 9473:Ucchuṣma (Ususama-Myōō) 9398:Avalokiteśvara (Kannon) 9349:Amitābha (Amida Nyorai) 9213:Miyata, Taisen (1998). 9192:Kiyota, Minoru (1978). 9026:Leaman, Oliver (2006). 8838:Yamasaki (1988), p. 54. 8801:Yamasaki (1988), p. 74. 8548:Yamasaki (1988), p. 77. 8521:Yamasaki (1988), p. 149 8512:Yamasaki (1988), p. 149 8459:Kiyota, Minoru (1987). 8329:Inagaki Hisao (1972). " 8299:Yamasaki (1988), p. 106 7953:Yamasaki (1988), p. 32. 7930:Yamasaki (1988), p. 24. 7887:Yamasaki (1988), p. 72. 7850:Yamasaki (1988), p. 35. 7654:Yamasaki (1988), p. 49. 7645:Yamasaki (1988), p. 48. 7636:Yamasaki (1988), p. 48. 7618:Yamasaki (1988), p. 47. 7609:Yamasaki (1988), p. 46. 7585:Yamasaki (1988), p. 44. 7567:Yamasaki (1988), p. 43. 7558:Yamasaki (1988), p. 40. 7540:Yamasaki (1988), p. 50. 7531:Yamasaki (1988), p. 52. 7489:Yamasaki (1988), p. 42. 7477:Yamasaki (1988), p. 41. 7423:Bowring (2005), p. 152. 7411:Bowring (2005), p. 151. 7402:Bowring (2005), p. 147. 6829:Zuishinin-Ryu Lineage ( 6712:Kongoouin-Ryu Lineage ( 6658:Zuishinin-Ryu Lineage ( 5875:wrathful manifestations 5785:Buddha (Yakushi-Nyorai 5500:The practice of making 4763:) mandala based on the 4725:) mandala based on the 4426:An illustration of the 4262:eternal natural order ( 4158:Wisdom of Observation ( 3882:In Shingon, the Buddha 3768:, which focuses on the 3737:in Shingon include the 3637:Koyasan Beikoku Betsuin 3319:Reformed Shingon school 3216:During the late Heian, 2904:(through the figure of 2395:Philosophical reasoning 1567:Śūraṅgama Samādhi Sūtra 11912:Buddhism and democracy 11425:Tibetan Buddhist canon 11420:Chinese Buddhist canon 10652:Pre-sectarian Buddhism 10647:Early Buddhist schools 9720:高僧・祖師部 (Kōsō・Soshi-bu) 9602:Kalaviṅka (Karyōbinga) 8635:10.1006/reli.1998.0179 8449:Orzech (2011), p. 277. 8354:Hakeda (1972), pp. 87. 7825:Bahir, Cody R. (2018) 7224:Hakeda (1972), pp. 5-8 7067:Chushoin-Ryu Lineage ( 7026:Chushoin-Ryu Lineage ( 7003:Chushoin-Ryu Lineage ( 6849:Kanshuji-Ryu Lineage ( 6594:Chuinhon-Ryu Lineage ( 6493: 6485: 6473: 6465: 6066: 6058: 5833:Buddha (Ashuku-Nyorai 5645: 5549: 5533: 5463: 5411: 5377: 5333:, or "great teacher" ( 5307: 5275: 4996: 4910: 4902: 4887:Sanskrit pronunciation 4828: 4807: 4790: 4631: 4586: 4567: 4463: 4447:original enlightenment 4430: 4327: 4224: 4205: 4114: 4074:Emanation Dharmakaya ( 3976: 3879: 3635:(built 1915–1918) and 3633:Hawaii Shingon Mission 3559: 3548: 3478: 3363:(神仏習合, "syncretism of 3296:Ancient Shingon school 3181: 3162:Sutra of Golden Light. 3117: 2941: 2940:(13th–14th centuries). 2162:Pre-sectarian Buddhism 1597:Tathāgataguhyaka Sūtra 1544:Tathāgatagarbha sūtras 582:Historical traditions: 159:Japanese new religions 44: 11922:Eight Consciousnesses 10032:Life of Buddha in art 9630:垂迹身部 (Suijakushin-bu) 9554:Mahākāla (Daikokuten) 9529:Sarasvatī (Benzaiten) 9478:Hayagrīva (Batō-Myōō) 9468:Rāgarāja (Aizen-Myōō) 9403:Samantabhadra (Fugen) 9283:Chogosonshi-ji Temple 9219:Maeda, Shuwa (2019). 9041:Simple Guides: Shinto 8756:Abe, Ryuichi (1999). 8746:Hakeda (1972), p. 95. 8737:Hakeda (1972), p. 94. 8530:Hakeda (1972), p. 79. 8440:Orzech (2011), p. 85. 8431:Orzech (2011), p. 84. 8422:Orzech (2011), p. 85. 8413:Orzech (2011), p. 76. 8404:Hakeda (1972), p. 74. 8342:Hakeda (1972), p. 77. 8287:Hakeda (1972), p. 91. 8264:Hakeda (1972), p. 90. 8255:Hakeda (1972), p. 89. 8246:Hakeda (1972), p. 92. 8219:Hakeda (1972), p. 89. 8210:Hakeda (1972), p. 88. 8201:Hakeda (1972), p. 85. 8147:Hakeda (1972), p. 83. 8138:Hakeda (1972), p. 81. 7971:Hakeda (1972), p. 82. 7459:Stone, Jacqueline I. 7366:Hakeda (1972), p. 39. 7357:Hakeda (1972), p. 38. 7348:Hakeda (1972), p. 34. 7318:Hakeda (1972), p. 29. 7309:Hakeda (1972), p. 27. 7300:Hakeda (1972), p. 26. 7246:Hakeda (1972), p. 4-5 6703:Rishoin-Ryu Lineage ( 6603:Jimyoin-Ryu Lineage ( 6585:Anshoji-Ryu Lineage ( 6491: 6479: 6471: 6451: 6064: 6056: 5821:Buddha (Amida-Nyorai 5643: 5539: 5520: 5457: 5402: 5371: 5302: 5265: 5197:Esoteric transmission 5112:in Shingon is called 4987: 4908: 4900: 4823: 4802: 4788: 4621: 4580: 4562: 4458: 4428:Diamond Realm Mandala 4425: 4393:, i.e. "self-power", 4305: 4215: 4201: 4127:eight consciousnesses 4105: 4053:Absolute Dharmakaya ( 3974: 3960:age of Dharma decline 3913:.” (薄伽梵即毘盧遮那本地法身, at 3874: 3554: 3539: 3476: 3260:, the head temple at 3194:Fujiwara no Michinaga 3179: 3108: 2931: 2430:Aids to Enlightenment 2255:Dependent Origination 1558:Mahāparinirvāṇa Sūtra 1535:Saṃdhinirmocana Sūtra 1479:Buddhāvataṃsaka Sūtra 1464:Prajñāpāramitā sūtras 1142:Esoteric transmission 1065:Tattvasaṃgraha Tantra 35: 13408:List of yoga schools 13174:Kriyayoga (Buddhist) 13005:Hatha Yoga Pradipika 12399:East Asian religions 11829:Buddhism in the West 11400:Early Buddhist texts 11015:Four Right Exertions 10481:Ten spiritual realms 9974:Noble Eightfold Path 9423:Ākāśagarbha (Kokūzō) 9057:Arai, Yusei (1997). 9039:Reader, Ian (2008). 9030:, p. 498. Routledge. 8017:. pp. 127–132. 7680:Bahir, Cody (2021). 7206:Orzech (2011), p. 85 6802:Hojuin-Ryu Lineage ( 6721:Jizoin-Ryu Lineage ( 6649:Jizoin-Ryu Lineage ( 6410:improve this section 6220:Mahavairocana Tantra 6097:improve this section 6041:and the sun goddess 5911:Buddha Ratnasambhava 5896:Buddha Mahavairocana 5636:The Thirteen Buddhas 5476:) also practice the 5258:Training for ācāryas 5152:bodhisattva precepts 5090:Mahavairocana Tantra 5056:Ajikan yōjin kuketsu 4606:), and mind through 4151:Wisdom of Equality ( 3890:") is the universal 3770:Anuttarayoga Tantras 3594:Shingon-shu Buzan-ha 3443:During the war torn 3331:teaches the Dharma. 3067:Kokūzō-gumonji no hō 2400:Devotional practices 2223:Noble Eightfold Path 1309:Bodhisattva Precepts 1269:Transcendent Virtues 688:New Kadampa Buddhism 13209:Six Yogas of Naropa 12991:Hathabhyasapaddhati 12522:Religion portal 12269:Temple of the Tooth 12148:Jaya Sri Maha Bodhi 11187:Upāsaka and Upāsikā 10680:Bodhipakkhiyādhammā 10463:Two truths doctrine 10283:Mahapajapati Gotamī 10083:Mahapajapati Gotamī 9732:Vasubandhu (Seshin) 9639:Ishizuchi Daigongen 9612:Mārīcī (Marishiten) 9592:Hārītī (Kishimojin) 9587:Gaṇapati (Kankiten) 9539:Śakra (Taishakuten) 9210:, Paris, E. Leroux. 8475:on 25 January 2014. 7745:10.3390/rel14070818 7699:10.3390/rel12090675 7437:. pp. 106–107. 7215:Hakeda (1972), p. 6 7197:Hakeda (1972), p. 6 7125:Eastern esotericism 6929:Chuin-Ryu Lineage ( 6909:Chuin-Ryu Lineage ( 6889:Chuin-Ryu Lineage ( 6869:Chuin-Ryu Lineage ( 6518:Chuin-Ryu Lineage ( 5950:Buddha Amoghasiddhi 4945:A key mudra is the 4883:Sino-Japanese style 4728:Mahavairocana Sutra 4454:Mahāvairocana sutra 4412:Dainichi-kyo Kaidai 4188:Mahavairocana Sutra 4140:Mirrorlike Wisdom ( 3922:Five Wisdom Buddhas 3667:Mahāvairocana Sūtra 3619:(a move led by the 3590:Kōyasan Shingon-shū 3079:Mahavairocana Sutra 2884:school, as well as 2853:Wakayama Prefecture 2778:Japanese reading of 2766:East Asian Buddhism 2700:Buddhism portal 2573:Buddhism by country 2335:Sanskrit literature 1980:Regional traditions 1519:Lalitavistara Sūtra 1494:Mahāsaṃnipāta Sūtra 1487:Mahāratnakūṭa Sūtra 1383:Prajñāpāramitā Devī 1299:Non-abiding Nirvana 1264:Transcendent Wisdom 1058:Mañjuśrīnāmasamgīti 1051:Mañjuśrī-mūla-kalpa 1023:Cakrasaṃvara Tantra 1016:Anuttarayoga Tantra 50:Part of a series on 13098:Samadhi (Buddhism) 12970:Amaraugha Prabodha 12444:Western philosophy 12042:Dzong architecture 11864:Vipassana movement 11859:Buddhist modernism 11287:Emperor Wen of Sui 11055:Pratyekabuddhayāna 10988:Threefold Training 10790:Vipassana movement 10506:Hungry Ghost realm 10326:Avidyā (Ignorance) 10273:Puṇṇa Mantānīputta 10022:Great Renunciation 10017:Eight Great Events 9899: 9848:Japanese mythology 9607:Lakṣmī (Kisshōten) 9559:Ḍākinī (Dakiniten) 9418:Kṣitigarbha (Jizō) 9102:Shido Kegyo Shidai 8950:2 May 2006 at the 8886:www.tibetanart.com 8160:Kūkai: Major Works 8099:Kūkai: Major Works 8075:. pp. 33–95. 7237:p. 23. SUNY Press. 7064:, already extinct) 6799:, already extinct) 6727:, already extinct) 6718:, already extinct) 6709:, already extinct) 6700:, already extinct) 6655:, already extinct) 6555:, already extinct) 6546:, already extinct) 6537:, already extinct) 6494: 6486: 6474: 6466: 6067: 6059: 5646: 5550: 5534: 5507:Shikoku pilgrimage 5464: 5378: 5276: 5190:catuhsamgrahavastu 4997: 4911: 4903: 4791: 4766:Vajrasekhara Sutra 4632: 4622:A painting of the 4587: 4568: 4431: 4225: 4165:Wisdom of Action ( 4115: 3977: 3948:(sokushin jōbutsu) 3880: 3833:Awakening of Faith 3713:Susiddhikara Sūtra 3690:Vajraśekhara Sūtra 3560: 3549: 3495:Tokugawa Shogunate 3479: 3454:Toyotomi Hideyoshi 3336:Pure Land Buddhism 3218:Pure Land Buddhism 3182: 3118: 2942: 2187:Buddhist modernism 1604:Kāraṇḍavyūha Sūtra 1590:Golden Light Sutra 1503:Vimalakirtinirdeśa 1319:Bodhisattva stages 1284:Consciousness-only 1072:Vajrasekhara Sutra 1030:Guhyagarbha Tantra 842:Anuttarayogatantra 814:Fourfold division: 806:Tantric techniques 695:Shambhala Buddhism 560:Vajrayana Buddhism 45: 13454: 13453: 13450: 13449: 13413:Modern yoga gurus 13291: 13290: 13070: 13069: 13047:Vasishtha Samhita 12530: 12529: 12168:Om mani padme hum 11874:Women in Buddhism 11790:Buddhist councils 11660:Western countries 11448:Madhyamakālaṃkāra 11209:Shaolin Monastery 10786:Samatha-vipassanā 10396:Pratītyasamutpāda 10200:Metteyya/Maitreya 10118: 10110: 10102: 10094: 10086: 10078: 10070: 9947:Four Noble Truths 9857: 9856: 9727:Nāgārjuna (Ryūju) 9718:Religious masters 9709:Konpira Daigongen 9577:Īśāna (Ishanaten) 9463:Acala (Fudō-Myōō) 9458:Five Wisdom Kings 9393:Maitreya (Miroku) 9278:Daikaku-ji Temple 9268:Chishakuin Temple 9142:978-1-886439-32-0 8069:Japanese Mandalas 7921:BDK (2015), p. 9. 7912:BDK (2015), p. 5. 7258:Green, Ronald S. 7135:Religion in Japan 6880:Nakayamadera-ha ( 6609:, almost extinct) 6600:, almost extinct) 6591:, almost extinct) 6582:, almost extinct) 6573:, almost extinct) 6564:, almost extinct) 6446: 6445: 6438: 6286:(Fukūkongō-Sanzō 6228:(Dainichi-Nyorai 6218:) – received the 6167:(Fukūkongō-Sanzō 6133: 6132: 6125: 5593:(Vidyaraja, Myōō 5110:Buddhist chanting 4845:"a vi ra hūṃ kha" 4757: 4719: 4578: 4488:Mahayana Buddhism 4135:hokkai taishō chi 4112:Renge-in Tanjō-ji 3844:釈摩訶衍論, Japanese: 3660:texts, and early 3643:, founded 1912). 3621:Japanese Diaspora 3512:Meiji Restoration 3235:The Shingon monk 2986:Japanese Buddhism 2758:Buddhism in Japan 2736: 2735: 2218:Four Noble Truths 2091: 2090: 1576:Laṅkāvatāra Sūtra 1551:Śrīmālādevī Sūtra 1526:Samādhirāja Sūtra 1249:Mind of Awakening 1215:Mahāyāna Buddhism 1199: 1198: 1091:Symbols and tools 1037:Kulayarāja Tantra 851: 849:Twofold division: 816: 544: 543: 56:Buddhism in Japan 16:(Redirected from 13489: 13467:Shingon Buddhism 13302: 13301: 13081: 13080: 13054:Vimanarcanakalpa 13019:Gheranda Samhita 12932:Shaiva Siddhanta 12702:Yoga Yajnavalkya 12632: 12631: 12557: 12550: 12543: 12534: 12533: 12520: 12519: 12508: 12507: 12347:Sacred languages 12195:Maya Devi Temple 12158:Mahabodhi Temple 11962:Secular Buddhism 11927:Engaged Buddhism 10767: 10615:Tibetan Buddhism 10566:Vietnamese Thiền 10165:Mahāsthāmaprāpta 10116: 10108: 10100: 10092: 10084: 10076: 10068: 9917: 9916: 9904: 9894: 9884: 9877: 9870: 9861: 9860: 9849: 9842: 9835: 9828: 9821: 9814: 9807: 9697:Shiromine Gongen 9564:Yama (Enma-Daiō) 9498:Heavenly deities 9408:Mañjuśrī (Monju) 9386:菩薩部 (Bosatsu-bu) 9376: 9326: 9317: 9310: 9303: 9294: 9293: 9288:Gokoku-ji Temple 9273:Negoro-ji Temple 9044: 9037: 9031: 9024: 9018: 9017: 9015: 9013: 8999: 8993: 8987: 8981: 8980: 8978: 8976: 8961: 8955: 8942: 8936: 8935: 8933: 8931: 8921: 8915: 8908: 8897: 8896: 8894: 8892: 8878: 8869: 8868: 8866: 8864: 8855:. Archived from 8848: 8839: 8836: 8827: 8826: 8824: 8822: 8808: 8802: 8799: 8793: 8787: 8781: 8778: 8772: 8771: 8753: 8747: 8744: 8738: 8735: 8722: 8719: 8713: 8710: 8704: 8703: 8679: 8673: 8661:Ronald S Green. 8659: 8653: 8643: 8637: 8624: 8618: 8615: 8606: 8603: 8592: 8589: 8583: 8580: 8574: 8571: 8558: 8555: 8549: 8546: 8540: 8537: 8531: 8528: 8522: 8519: 8513: 8510: 8504: 8501: 8495: 8492: 8486: 8483: 8477: 8476: 8456: 8450: 8447: 8441: 8438: 8432: 8429: 8423: 8420: 8414: 8411: 8405: 8402: 8396: 8389: 8364: 8361: 8355: 8352: 8343: 8340: 8334: 8327: 8321: 8318: 8312: 8309: 8300: 8297: 8288: 8285: 8274: 8271: 8265: 8262: 8256: 8253: 8247: 8244: 8233: 8226: 8220: 8217: 8211: 8208: 8202: 8199: 8188: 8185: 8179: 8178: 8154: 8148: 8145: 8139: 8136: 8130: 8127: 8118: 8117: 8093: 8087: 8086: 8064: 8058: 8055: 8049: 8042: 8029: 8028: 8006: 7997: 7996: 7994: 7992: 7978: 7972: 7969: 7954: 7951: 7945: 7937: 7931: 7928: 7922: 7919: 7913: 7910: 7901: 7894: 7888: 7885: 7876: 7869: 7863: 7857: 7851: 7848: 7842: 7835: 7829: 7823: 7817: 7816: 7814: 7790: 7784: 7783: 7778:. Third Series. 7773: 7764: 7758: 7757: 7747: 7723: 7717: 7710: 7704: 7703: 7701: 7677: 7668: 7661: 7655: 7652: 7646: 7643: 7637: 7634: 7628: 7625: 7619: 7616: 7610: 7607: 7598: 7595: 7586: 7583: 7577: 7574: 7568: 7565: 7559: 7556: 7550: 7547: 7541: 7538: 7532: 7529: 7518: 7496: 7490: 7487: 7478: 7475: 7464: 7457: 7451: 7448: 7439: 7438: 7430: 7424: 7421: 7412: 7409: 7403: 7400: 7394: 7391: 7385: 7382: 7376: 7373: 7367: 7364: 7358: 7355: 7349: 7346: 7340: 7337: 7328: 7325: 7319: 7316: 7310: 7307: 7301: 7298: 7292: 7289: 7283: 7280: 7274: 7271: 7265: 7256: 7247: 7244: 7238: 7231: 7225: 7222: 7216: 7213: 7207: 7204: 7198: 7195: 7189: 7188: 7177: 7130:Religion in Asia 7120:Chinese Buddhism 7105: 7104: 7096: 7095: 7081: 7080: 7072: 7071: 7063: 7062: 7054: 7053: 7040: 7039: 7031: 7030: 7022: 7021: 7008: 7007: 6999: 6998: 6987: 6986: 6974: 6973: 6957: 6956: 6948: 6947: 6934: 6933: 6925: 6924: 6914: 6913: 6905: 6904: 6894: 6893: 6885: 6884: 6874: 6873: 6865: 6864: 6854: 6853: 6845: 6844: 6834: 6833: 6825: 6824: 6807: 6806: 6798: 6797: 6789: 6788: 6775: 6774: 6766: 6765: 6757: 6756: 6746: 6745: 6737: 6736: 6726: 6725: 6717: 6716: 6708: 6707: 6699: 6698: 6690: 6689: 6681: 6680: 6663: 6662: 6654: 6653: 6645: 6644: 6634: 6633: 6628: 6627: 6619: 6618: 6608: 6607: 6599: 6598: 6590: 6589: 6581: 6580: 6572: 6571: 6563: 6562: 6554: 6553: 6545: 6544: 6536: 6535: 6527: 6523: 6522: 6514: 6513: 6502: 6501: 6441: 6434: 6430: 6427: 6421: 6390: 6382: 6372: 6371: 6360: 6359: 6355:(Kongōchi-Sanzō 6348: 6347: 6336: 6335: 6324: 6323: 6315: 6314: 6303: 6302: 6291: 6290: 6277: 6276: 6257: 6256: 6245: 6244: 6240:(Kongōchi-Sanzō 6233: 6232: 6217: 6216: 6205: 6204: 6196: 6195: 6184: 6183: 6172: 6171: 6158: 6157: 6128: 6121: 6117: 6114: 6108: 6077: 6069: 6029: 6028: 6016: 6015: 6003: 6002: 5990: 5989: 5984: 5983: 5974: 5973: 5964: 5963: 5947: 5946: 5935: 5934: 5923:Buddha Akshobhya 5920: 5919: 5908: 5907: 5893: 5892: 5869:The "Five Great 5859: 5858: 5847: 5846: 5838: 5837: 5826: 5825: 5814: 5813: 5807:Mahāsthāmaprāpta 5802: 5801: 5790: 5789: 5778: 5777: 5766: 5765: 5754: 5753: 5742: 5741: 5730: 5729: 5714: 5713: 5693:thirteen buddhas 5668: 5666: 5658: 5657: 5650:Thirteen Buddhas 5631: 5630: 5621: 5620: 5608: 5607: 5598: 5597: 5588: 5587: 5578: 5577: 5560:Buddhist deities 5486:hashiramoto goma 5475: 5474: 5446: 5445: 5441: 5389: 5388: 5341: 5340: 5332: 5325: 5295: 5294: 5284: 5253: 5252: 5235: 5234: 5222: 5210: 5209: 5178:Never giving up 5157:Brahmajala Sutra 5139:Ethical precepts 5099: 5092: 5086: 5085: 5076: 5075: 5063: 5049: 5008: 5007: 4928: 4921: 4880: 4879: 4871: 4870: 4861:Siddhaṃ alphabet 4847: 4762: 4752: 4750: 4742: 4724: 4714: 4712: 4704: 4579: 4381:nyorai kaji-riki 4365: 4351: 4190: 4179: 4007: 4005: 3956: 3900:Śubhakarasiṃha's 3766:Tibetan Buddhism 3747:Brahmajāla Sūtra 3732: 3730: 3722: 3721: 3709: 3707: 3699: 3698: 3686: 3684: 3676: 3675: 3662:Buddhist tantras 3599:Tibetan Buddhist 3564:second world war 3522:haibutsu kishaku 3464: 3462: 3461: 3430:Muromachi period 3326: 3325: 3322: 3314: 3313: 3303: 3302: 3299: 3291: 3290: 3276: 3274: 3273: 3255: 3253: 3252: 3208: 3207: 3153: 3151: 3150: 3025: 3023: 3021:The Great Master 3017: 3016: 3006: 3004: 2998: 2997: 2971: 2970: 2961: 2960: 2910:Japanese culture 2838: 2837: 2796: 2789: 2788: 2772:, 東密). The word 2755: 2753: 2747: 2746: 2728: 2721: 2714: 2698: 2697: 2425:Sublime abidings 2116: 2093: 2092: 2083: 2076: 2069: 1858:Hongzhi Zhengjue 1675:Tibetan Buddhism 1583:Ghanavyūha sūtra 1571: 1539: 1512:Pure Land Sutras 1507: 1482: 1443:Wrathful deities 1226: 1216: 1201: 1200: 1191: 1184: 1177: 1079:Yuthok Nyingthig 847: 812: 787:Completion stage 782:Generation stage 571: 561: 546: 545: 536: 529: 522: 490:Haibutsu kishaku 66: 47: 46: 21: 13497: 13496: 13492: 13491: 13490: 13488: 13487: 13486: 13457: 13456: 13455: 13446: 13379: 13358:Yoga as therapy 13324:Standing asanas 13287: 13157: 13119: 13066: 12998:Hatha Ratnavali 12955: 12898: 12820:Viparita Karani 12707: 12666: 12621: 12566: 12561: 12531: 12526: 12514: 12496: 12448: 12363: 12278: 12015:Ordination hall 11976: 11878: 11849:Buddhist crisis 11761: 11458: 11410:Mahayana sutras 11386: 11382:Thích Nhất Hạnh 11213: 11086: 11026: 10976:Bodhisattva vow 10661: 10527: 10467: 10426:Taṇhā (Craving) 10361:Five hindrances 10312: 10204: 10134: 9988: 9933: 9905: 9888: 9858: 9853: 9847: 9840: 9833: 9826: 9819: 9812: 9805: 9796: 9719: 9713: 9679:Hachiōji Gongen 9664:Tateyama Gongen 9650:Sanki Daigongen 9629: 9621: 9617:Vajrapāṇi (Niō) 9572:Skanda (Idaten) 9544:Brahmā (Bonten) 9500: 9492: 9450: 9442: 9385: 9377: 9368: 9337:如来部 (Nyorai-bu) 9336: 9328: 9324: 9321: 9263:Daigo-ji Temple 9258:Ninna-ji Temple 9249: 9244: 9053: 9048: 9047: 9038: 9034: 9025: 9021: 9011: 9009: 9001: 9000: 8996: 8988: 8984: 8974: 8972: 8962: 8958: 8952:Wayback Machine 8943: 8939: 8929: 8927: 8923: 8922: 8918: 8909: 8900: 8890: 8888: 8880: 8879: 8872: 8862: 8860: 8859:on 1 April 2013 8849: 8842: 8837: 8830: 8820: 8818: 8810: 8809: 8805: 8800: 8796: 8788: 8784: 8779: 8775: 8768: 8754: 8750: 8745: 8741: 8736: 8725: 8720: 8716: 8711: 8707: 8700: 8680: 8676: 8660: 8656: 8644: 8640: 8625: 8621: 8616: 8609: 8604: 8595: 8590: 8586: 8581: 8577: 8572: 8561: 8556: 8552: 8547: 8543: 8538: 8534: 8529: 8525: 8520: 8516: 8511: 8507: 8502: 8498: 8493: 8489: 8484: 8480: 8457: 8453: 8448: 8444: 8439: 8435: 8430: 8426: 8421: 8417: 8412: 8408: 8403: 8399: 8390: 8367: 8362: 8358: 8353: 8346: 8341: 8337: 8328: 8324: 8319: 8315: 8310: 8303: 8298: 8291: 8286: 8277: 8272: 8268: 8263: 8259: 8254: 8250: 8245: 8236: 8227: 8223: 8218: 8214: 8209: 8205: 8200: 8191: 8186: 8182: 8175: 8155: 8151: 8146: 8142: 8137: 8133: 8128: 8121: 8114: 8094: 8090: 8083: 8065: 8061: 8056: 8052: 8043: 8032: 8025: 8007: 8000: 7990: 7988: 7980: 7979: 7975: 7970: 7957: 7952: 7948: 7938: 7934: 7929: 7925: 7920: 7916: 7911: 7904: 7896:Conze, Edward. 7895: 7891: 7886: 7879: 7870: 7866: 7858: 7854: 7849: 7845: 7836: 7832: 7824: 7820: 7791: 7787: 7771: 7765: 7761: 7724: 7720: 7712:Bahir, Cody R. 7711: 7707: 7678: 7671: 7662: 7658: 7653: 7649: 7644: 7640: 7635: 7631: 7626: 7622: 7617: 7613: 7608: 7601: 7596: 7589: 7584: 7580: 7575: 7571: 7566: 7562: 7557: 7553: 7548: 7544: 7539: 7535: 7530: 7521: 7497: 7493: 7488: 7481: 7476: 7467: 7458: 7454: 7449: 7442: 7433:Caiger, Mason. 7431: 7427: 7422: 7415: 7410: 7406: 7401: 7397: 7392: 7388: 7383: 7379: 7374: 7370: 7365: 7361: 7356: 7352: 7347: 7343: 7338: 7331: 7326: 7322: 7317: 7313: 7308: 7304: 7299: 7295: 7290: 7286: 7281: 7277: 7272: 7268: 7257: 7250: 7245: 7241: 7232: 7228: 7223: 7219: 7214: 7210: 7205: 7201: 7196: 7192: 7179: 7178: 7174: 7169: 7164: 7115: 6752:Shingon-Ritsu ( 6525: 6442: 6431: 6425: 6422: 6407: 6391: 6380: 6367:(Ichigyō-Zenji 6331:(Ryūju-Bosatsu 6268: 6265: 6262: 6212:(Ryūju-Bosatsu 6129: 6118: 6112: 6109: 6094: 6078: 6051: 5938:Buddha Amitabha 5930:(Daiitoku Myōō 5867: 5652: 5638: 5556: 5515: 5498: 5366: 5335:dento dai-ajari 5260: 5199: 5141: 4982: 4895: 4783: 4693:which are: The 4687: 4624:Mantra of Light 4616: 4570: 4557: 4494:Mantrayana (or 4476: 4420: 4342: 4331:(sanmitsu yuga) 4210: 4108:Five Tathāgatas 4106:Statues of the 4100: 4084:anthropomorphic 3995: 3969: 3869: 3846:Shakumakaen-ron 3842:Shi Moheyan lun 3792:substances and 3774:Indian Buddhism 3735:Mahayana sutras 3716: 3693: 3670: 3654: 3649: 3541:Qinglong Temple 3534: 3517:shinbutsu bunri 3508: 3471: 3456: 3400:Kamakura period 3396: 3360:Shinbutsu-shūgō 3352:Mantra of Light 3323: 3308: 3300: 3285: 3268: 3247: 3174: 3145: 3103: 3036: 3011: 2992: 2938:Kamakura period 2926: 2811:Zhēnyán lineage 2741: 2732: 2692: 2685: 2684: 2575: 2565: 2564: 2515: 2505: 2504: 2470: 2460: 2459: 2365: 2355: 2354: 2325:Mahayana Sutras 2305: 2295: 2294: 2235:Five Aggregates 2213: 2212: 2192: 2191: 2182:Later Buddhists 2147: 2087: 2058: 2057: 1981: 1973: 1972: 1968:Thích Nhất Hạnh 1963:14th Dalai Lama 1898:Abhayākaragupta 1713: 1705: 1704: 1620: 1610: 1609: 1458: 1456:Mahayana sutras 1448: 1447: 1358: 1344: 1343: 1314:Bodhisattva vow 1234: 1214: 1195: 1166: 1165: 1137: 1129: 1128: 1092: 1084: 1083: 1044:Mahāmāyā Tantra 1011: 1003: 1002: 988: 980: 979: 954:Luminosity yoga 777: 769: 768: 747: 739: 738: 715: 707: 706: 579: 559: 540: 500: 499: 485:Shinbutsu bunri 410:Shinbutsu-shūgō 370: 362: 361: 337:Murakami Senshō 317:Hasegawa Tōhaku 177: 169: 168: 74: 36:Danjō garan of 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 13495: 13485: 13484: 13479: 13474: 13469: 13452: 13451: 13448: 13447: 13445: 13444: 13443: 13442: 13435: 13425: 13420: 13415: 13410: 13405: 13400: 13399: 13398: 13387: 13385: 13381: 13380: 13378: 13377: 13370: 13365: 13363:Yoga for women 13360: 13355: 13354: 13353: 13351:Hasta Vinyasas 13343: 13341:Sun Salutation 13338: 13333: 13332: 13331: 13329:List of asanas 13326: 13321: 13310: 13308: 13299: 13293: 13292: 13289: 13288: 13286: 13285: 13284: 13283: 13275: 13274: 13273: 13265: 13264: 13263: 13258: 13253: 13248: 13243: 13242: 13241: 13236: 13231: 13226: 13221: 13216: 13206: 13201: 13193: 13192: 13191: 13186: 13181: 13176: 13167: 13165: 13159: 13158: 13156: 13155: 13154: 13153: 13148: 13140: 13139: 13138: 13129: 13127: 13121: 13120: 13118: 13117: 13110: 13105: 13100: 13095: 13089: 13087: 13078: 13072: 13071: 13068: 13067: 13065: 13064: 13057: 13050: 13043: 13040:Sritattvanidhi 13036: 13029: 13026:Joga Pradipika 13022: 13015: 13008: 13001: 12994: 12987: 12980: 12973: 12965: 12963: 12957: 12956: 12954: 12953: 12948: 12947: 12946: 12936: 12935: 12934: 12929: 12919: 12914: 12908: 12906: 12900: 12899: 12897: 12896: 12891: 12886: 12885: 12884: 12879: 12874: 12869: 12864: 12859: 12854: 12844: 12839: 12834: 12829: 12828: 12827: 12822: 12817: 12812: 12802: 12801: 12800: 12795: 12790: 12785: 12775: 12770: 12769: 12768: 12763: 12758: 12753: 12748: 12743: 12742: 12741: 12739:Lotus position 12731: 12726: 12715: 12713: 12709: 12708: 12706: 12705: 12698: 12691: 12684: 12676: 12674: 12668: 12667: 12665: 12664: 12656: 12651: 12646: 12640: 12638: 12629: 12623: 12622: 12620: 12619: 12614: 12613: 12612: 12607: 12602: 12592: 12587: 12582: 12576: 12574: 12568: 12567: 12560: 12559: 12552: 12545: 12537: 12528: 12527: 12525: 12524: 12512: 12501: 12498: 12497: 12495: 12494: 12489: 12484: 12479: 12474: 12469: 12464: 12458: 12456: 12450: 12449: 12447: 12446: 12441: 12436: 12431: 12426: 12421: 12416: 12411: 12406: 12401: 12396: 12395: 12394: 12389: 12379: 12373: 12371: 12365: 12364: 12362: 12361: 12360: 12359: 12354: 12344: 12339: 12334: 12329: 12324: 12319: 12314: 12309: 12304: 12299: 12294: 12288: 12286: 12280: 12279: 12277: 12276: 12271: 12266: 12265: 12264: 12259: 12254: 12249: 12244: 12234: 12229: 12224: 12219: 12214: 12213: 12212: 12207: 12202: 12197: 12192: 12182: 12177: 12172: 12171: 12170: 12160: 12155: 12150: 12145: 12144: 12143: 12138: 12133: 12128: 12123: 12113: 12108: 12103: 12098: 12093: 12088: 12083: 12082: 12081: 12079:Greco-Buddhist 12071: 12070: 12069: 12064: 12059: 12054: 12049: 12044: 12039: 12034: 12033: 12032: 12030:Burmese pagoda 12022: 12017: 12012: 12007: 12002: 11997: 11986: 11984: 11978: 11977: 11975: 11974: 11969: 11964: 11959: 11954: 11949: 11944: 11939: 11934: 11929: 11924: 11919: 11914: 11909: 11904: 11899: 11894: 11888: 11886: 11880: 11879: 11877: 11876: 11871: 11866: 11861: 11856: 11851: 11846: 11841: 11836: 11831: 11826: 11821: 11820: 11819: 11812:Greco-Buddhism 11809: 11804: 11803: 11802: 11792: 11787: 11782: 11777: 11771: 11769: 11763: 11762: 11760: 11759: 11758: 11757: 11752: 11747: 11745:United Kingdom 11742: 11737: 11732: 11727: 11722: 11717: 11712: 11707: 11702: 11697: 11692: 11690:Czech Republic 11687: 11682: 11677: 11672: 11667: 11657: 11656: 11655: 11650: 11640: 11639: 11638: 11628: 11627: 11626: 11621: 11611: 11606: 11601: 11596: 11591: 11586: 11581: 11580: 11579: 11569: 11564: 11554: 11549: 11544: 11539: 11534: 11529: 11524: 11519: 11514: 11509: 11504: 11499: 11494: 11489: 11484: 11479: 11474: 11468: 11466: 11460: 11459: 11457: 11456: 11454:Abhidharmadīpa 11451: 11444: 11439: 11434: 11427: 11422: 11417: 11412: 11407: 11402: 11396: 11394: 11388: 11387: 11385: 11384: 11379: 11374: 11372:B. R. Ambedkar 11369: 11364: 11359: 11354: 11349: 11344: 11339: 11334: 11329: 11324: 11319: 11314: 11309: 11304: 11299: 11294: 11292:Songtsen Gampo 11289: 11284: 11279: 11274: 11269: 11264: 11259: 11254: 11249: 11244: 11239: 11234: 11229: 11223: 11221: 11215: 11214: 11212: 11211: 11206: 11205: 11204: 11194: 11189: 11184: 11179: 11174: 11169: 11168: 11167: 11157: 11152: 11147: 11142: 11137: 11132: 11127: 11122: 11117: 11112: 11107: 11102: 11096: 11094: 11088: 11087: 11085: 11084: 11083: 11082: 11077: 11072: 11067: 11057: 11052: 11047: 11042: 11036: 11034: 11028: 11027: 11025: 11024: 11019: 11018: 11017: 11007: 11006: 11005: 11000: 10995: 10985: 10984: 10983: 10978: 10973: 10971:Eight precepts 10968: 10958: 10957: 10956: 10951: 10946: 10941: 10931: 10930: 10929: 10919: 10914: 10909: 10908: 10907: 10902: 10897: 10887: 10882: 10877: 10872: 10867: 10866: 10865: 10860: 10850: 10845: 10844: 10843: 10838: 10833: 10828: 10823: 10818: 10813: 10808: 10803: 10798: 10793: 10783: 10778: 10773: 10768: 10759: 10749: 10744: 10742:Five Strengths 10739: 10734: 10729: 10724: 10719: 10714: 10709: 10708: 10707: 10702: 10697: 10692: 10682: 10677: 10671: 10669: 10663: 10662: 10660: 10659: 10654: 10649: 10644: 10639: 10634: 10633: 10632: 10627: 10622: 10617: 10607: 10606: 10605: 10600: 10595: 10590: 10585: 10580: 10575: 10570: 10569: 10568: 10563: 10558: 10553: 10537: 10535: 10529: 10528: 10526: 10525: 10520: 10519: 10518: 10513: 10508: 10503: 10498: 10493: 10483: 10477: 10475: 10469: 10468: 10466: 10465: 10460: 10459: 10458: 10453: 10448: 10438: 10433: 10428: 10423: 10418: 10413: 10408: 10403: 10398: 10393: 10388: 10383: 10381:Mental factors 10378: 10373: 10368: 10363: 10358: 10353: 10348: 10343: 10338: 10333: 10328: 10322: 10320: 10314: 10313: 10311: 10310: 10305: 10300: 10295: 10290: 10285: 10280: 10275: 10270: 10265: 10260: 10255: 10250: 10245: 10240: 10235: 10233:Mahamoggallāna 10230: 10225: 10220: 10214: 10212: 10206: 10205: 10203: 10202: 10197: 10192: 10187: 10182: 10177: 10172: 10167: 10162: 10157: 10156: 10155: 10148:Avalokiteśvara 10144: 10142: 10136: 10135: 10133: 10132: 10127: 10122: 10121: 10120: 10112: 10104: 10096: 10088: 10080: 10072: 10059: 10054: 10049: 10044: 10039: 10034: 10029: 10024: 10019: 10014: 10009: 10004: 9998: 9996: 9990: 9989: 9987: 9986: 9981: 9976: 9971: 9970: 9969: 9964: 9959: 9949: 9943: 9941: 9935: 9934: 9932: 9931: 9926: 9921: 9910: 9907: 9906: 9887: 9886: 9879: 9872: 9864: 9855: 9854: 9852: 9851: 9844: 9837: 9830: 9823: 9816: 9809: 9801: 9798: 9797: 9795: 9794: 9792:Sixteen Arhats 9789: 9784: 9779: 9774: 9769: 9764: 9759: 9754: 9749: 9744: 9742:Prince Shōtoku 9739: 9734: 9729: 9723: 9721: 9715: 9714: 9712: 9711: 9706: 9701: 9698: 9695: 9694:Hikosan Gongen 9692: 9691:Yuga Daigongen 9689: 9686: 9683: 9680: 9677: 9674: 9673:Hakusan Gongen 9671: 9668: 9665: 9662: 9659: 9656: 9651: 9648: 9643: 9642:Ochi Daigongen 9640: 9637: 9633: 9631: 9623: 9622: 9620: 9619: 9614: 9609: 9604: 9599: 9597:Apsara (Hiten) 9594: 9589: 9584: 9582:Pṛthvī (Jiten) 9579: 9574: 9569: 9566: 9561: 9556: 9551: 9546: 9541: 9536: 9531: 9526: 9523: 9518: 9515: 9510: 9504: 9502: 9494: 9493: 9491: 9490: 9485: 9480: 9475: 9470: 9465: 9460: 9454: 9452: 9444: 9443: 9441: 9440: 9435: 9430: 9425: 9420: 9415: 9410: 9405: 9400: 9395: 9389: 9387: 9379: 9378: 9371: 9369: 9367: 9366: 9361: 9356: 9351: 9346: 9340: 9338: 9330: 9329: 9320: 9319: 9312: 9305: 9297: 9291: 9290: 9285: 9280: 9275: 9270: 9265: 9260: 9255: 9248: 9247:External links 9245: 9243: 9242: 9235: 9224: 9217: 9211: 9204: 9197: 9190: 9175: 9160: 9144: 9128: 9112: 9105: 9098: 9084: 9081:Esoteric Texts 9077: 9070: 9054: 9052: 9049: 9046: 9045: 9032: 9019: 8994: 8982: 8956: 8937: 8916: 8898: 8870: 8840: 8828: 8803: 8794: 8782: 8773: 8766: 8748: 8739: 8723: 8714: 8705: 8698: 8674: 8654: 8638: 8619: 8607: 8593: 8584: 8575: 8559: 8550: 8541: 8532: 8523: 8514: 8505: 8496: 8487: 8478: 8451: 8442: 8433: 8424: 8415: 8406: 8397: 8365: 8356: 8344: 8335: 8322: 8313: 8301: 8289: 8275: 8266: 8257: 8248: 8234: 8221: 8212: 8203: 8189: 8180: 8173: 8149: 8140: 8131: 8119: 8112: 8088: 8081: 8059: 8050: 8030: 8023: 7998: 7973: 7955: 7946: 7932: 7923: 7914: 7902: 7889: 7877: 7864: 7852: 7843: 7830: 7818: 7785: 7759: 7718: 7705: 7669: 7656: 7647: 7638: 7629: 7620: 7611: 7599: 7587: 7578: 7569: 7560: 7551: 7542: 7533: 7519: 7510:(2), 309–340. 7491: 7479: 7465: 7452: 7440: 7425: 7413: 7404: 7395: 7386: 7377: 7368: 7359: 7350: 7341: 7329: 7320: 7311: 7302: 7293: 7284: 7275: 7266: 7248: 7239: 7226: 7217: 7208: 7199: 7190: 7171: 7170: 7168: 7165: 7163: 7162: 7157: 7152: 7147: 7142: 7137: 7132: 7127: 7122: 7116: 7114: 7111: 7110: 7109: 7108: 7107: 7098: 7091:Kokubunji-ha ( 7089: 7088: 7087: 7074: 7065: 7044: 7043: 7042: 7033: 7012: 7011: 7010: 6980: 6979: 6978: 6977: 6976: 6961: 6960: 6959: 6938: 6937: 6936: 6918: 6917: 6916: 6898: 6897: 6896: 6878: 6877: 6876: 6858: 6857: 6856: 6840:Yamashina-ha ( 6838: 6837: 6836: 6815: 6814: 6813: 6800: 6779: 6778: 6777: 6768: 6750: 6749: 6748: 6730: 6729: 6728: 6719: 6710: 6701: 6692: 6671: 6670: 6669: 6656: 6638: 6637: 6636: 6612: 6611: 6610: 6601: 6592: 6583: 6574: 6565: 6556: 6547: 6538: 6529: 6444: 6443: 6426:September 2021 6394: 6392: 6385: 6379: 6376: 6375: 6374: 6362: 6350: 6343:(Zenmui-Sanzō 6341:Śubhakarasiṃha 6338: 6326: 6317: 6305: 6293: 6280: 6279: 6260: 6259: 6247: 6235: 6223: 6207: 6198: 6186: 6174: 6161: 6160: 6131: 6130: 6113:September 2021 6081: 6079: 6072: 6050: 6047: 5953: 5952: 5940: 5925: 5913: 5903:(Gundari Myōō 5898: 5866: 5863: 5862: 5861: 5849: 5840: 5828: 5816: 5804: 5795:Avalokiteśvara 5792: 5780: 5768: 5756: 5744: 5732: 5725:(Shaka-Nyorai 5723:Gautama Buddha 5720: 5637: 5634: 5552:Main article: 5514: 5511: 5497: 5494: 5482:saido dai goma 5458:Map of the 88 5365: 5359: 5259: 5256: 5198: 5195: 5194: 5193: 5186: 5183: 5176: 5140: 5137: 5038:Prajñaparamita 4981: 4978: 4894: 4891: 4836:Buddhist deity 4782: 4779: 4686: 4683: 4663:Śubhākarasiṃha 4615: 4612: 4556: 4553: 4552: 4551: 4547: 4539: 4532: 4521: 4475: 4472: 4419: 4416: 4391:ga kudoku-riki 4341: 4338: 4293: 4292: 4289: 4286: 4283: 4209: 4206: 4171: 4170: 4163: 4156: 4149: 4138: 4099: 4096: 4080: 4079: 4072: 4065: 4058: 4047:shishu hosshin 3968: 3965: 3907:Dainichikyōsho 3868: 3865: 3813:Hannyarishukyō 3809:Prajñaparamita 3805:Hannyarishukyō 3794:charnel ground 3727:Soshitsuji-kyō 3653: 3650: 3648: 3645: 3533: 3530: 3507: 3504: 3470: 3467: 3445:Sengoku period 3404:Shingon-risshū 3395: 3392: 3306:Shingi Shingon 3173: 3170: 3102: 3101:Kūkai's return 3099: 3093:(a student of 3035: 3032: 2925: 2922: 2896:repertoire of 2819:Śubhakarasiṃha 2734: 2733: 2731: 2730: 2723: 2716: 2708: 2705: 2704: 2703: 2702: 2687: 2686: 2683: 2682: 2677: 2672: 2667: 2662: 2657: 2652: 2647: 2642: 2637: 2632: 2627: 2622: 2617: 2612: 2607: 2602: 2597: 2592: 2587: 2582: 2576: 2571: 2570: 2567: 2566: 2563: 2562: 2557: 2552: 2547: 2542: 2537: 2532: 2527: 2522: 2516: 2511: 2510: 2507: 2506: 2503: 2502: 2497: 2492: 2490:Pratyekabuddha 2487: 2482: 2477: 2471: 2466: 2465: 2462: 2461: 2458: 2457: 2452: 2447: 2445:Buddhist chant 2442: 2437: 2432: 2427: 2422: 2417: 2412: 2407: 2402: 2397: 2392: 2387: 2382: 2377: 2372: 2366: 2361: 2360: 2357: 2356: 2353: 2352: 2347: 2342: 2337: 2332: 2327: 2322: 2317: 2312: 2306: 2303:Buddhist texts 2301: 2300: 2297: 2296: 2293: 2292: 2287: 2282: 2277: 2272: 2267: 2262: 2257: 2252: 2247: 2242: 2237: 2232: 2231: 2230: 2220: 2214: 2211: 2210: 2205: 2199: 2198: 2197: 2194: 2193: 2190: 2189: 2184: 2179: 2174: 2169: 2164: 2159: 2154: 2148: 2143: 2142: 2139: 2138: 2137: 2136: 2131: 2126: 2118: 2117: 2109: 2108: 2102: 2101: 2089: 2088: 2086: 2085: 2078: 2071: 2063: 2060: 2059: 2056: 2055: 2050: 2045: 2040: 2035: 2030: 2025: 2020: 2015: 2010: 2005: 2000: 1995: 1994: 1993: 1982: 1979: 1978: 1975: 1974: 1971: 1970: 1965: 1960: 1955: 1950: 1945: 1940: 1935: 1930: 1925: 1923:Rangjung Dorje 1920: 1915: 1910: 1905: 1900: 1895: 1893:Ratnākaraśānti 1890: 1885: 1883:Śaṅkaranandana 1880: 1875: 1870: 1865: 1860: 1855: 1850: 1845: 1840: 1835: 1833:Shāntarakshita 1830: 1825: 1820: 1815: 1810: 1805: 1800: 1795: 1790: 1785: 1780: 1775: 1770: 1765: 1760: 1755: 1750: 1745: 1740: 1735: 1730: 1725: 1720: 1714: 1711: 1710: 1707: 1706: 1703: 1702: 1700:Chung Tai Shan 1697: 1692: 1687: 1682: 1677: 1672: 1667: 1662: 1657: 1652: 1647: 1642: 1637: 1632: 1627: 1621: 1616: 1615: 1612: 1611: 1608: 1607: 1600: 1593: 1586: 1579: 1572: 1561: 1554: 1547: 1540: 1529: 1522: 1515: 1508: 1497: 1490: 1483: 1474: 1467: 1459: 1454: 1453: 1450: 1449: 1446: 1445: 1440: 1435: 1430: 1425: 1420: 1415: 1410: 1405: 1403:Avalokiteśvara 1400: 1395: 1390: 1385: 1380: 1375: 1370: 1365: 1359: 1350: 1349: 1346: 1345: 1342: 1341: 1339:Three Turnings 1336: 1331: 1326: 1321: 1316: 1311: 1306: 1301: 1296: 1294:Three vehicles 1291: 1286: 1281: 1276: 1271: 1266: 1261: 1259:Skillful Means 1256: 1251: 1246: 1241: 1235: 1232: 1231: 1228: 1227: 1219: 1218: 1210: 1209: 1197: 1196: 1194: 1193: 1186: 1179: 1171: 1168: 1167: 1164: 1163: 1158: 1152: 1151: 1145: 1144: 1138: 1135: 1134: 1131: 1130: 1127: 1126: 1121: 1116: 1110: 1109: 1104: 1099: 1093: 1090: 1089: 1086: 1085: 1082: 1081: 1075: 1074: 1068: 1067: 1061: 1060: 1054: 1053: 1047: 1046: 1040: 1039: 1033: 1032: 1026: 1025: 1019: 1018: 1012: 1009: 1008: 1005: 1004: 1001: 1000: 998:Ullambana Puja 995: 989: 986: 985: 982: 981: 978: 977: 971: 970: 964: 963: 957: 956: 950: 949: 943: 942: 935: 934: 928: 927: 921: 920: 906: 905: 899: 898: 892: 891: 885: 884: 878: 877: 866: 865: 859: 858: 845: 844: 838: 837: 831: 830: 824: 823: 802: 801: 796: 790: 789: 784: 778: 775: 774: 771: 770: 767: 766: 760: 759: 754: 748: 745: 744: 741: 740: 737: 736: 730: 729: 723: 722: 716: 713: 712: 709: 708: 705: 704: 698: 697: 691: 690: 684: 683: 672: 671: 670: 669: 650: 639: 638: 632: 631: 630: 629: 624: 615: 614: 608: 601: 600: 599: 598: 593: 590:Burmese-Bengal 580: 577: 576: 573: 572: 564: 563: 555: 554: 542: 541: 539: 538: 531: 524: 516: 513: 512: 511: 510: 502: 501: 498: 497: 492: 487: 482: 477: 472: 467: 462: 457: 452: 447: 442: 437: 432: 427: 422: 417: 412: 407: 402: 397: 392: 387: 382: 377: 371: 368: 367: 364: 363: 360: 359: 357:Suzuki Shunryū 354: 349: 344: 342:Nishida Kitarō 339: 334: 329: 324: 319: 314: 309: 304: 299: 294: 289: 284: 279: 274: 269: 264: 259: 254: 249: 244: 239: 234: 229: 224: 219: 214: 209: 204: 199: 194: 189: 184: 178: 175: 174: 171: 170: 167: 166: 161: 156: 151: 146: 141: 136: 131: 126: 121: 116: 111: 106: 101: 96: 91: 86: 81: 75: 72: 71: 68: 67: 59: 58: 52: 51: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 13494: 13483: 13480: 13478: 13475: 13473: 13470: 13468: 13465: 13464: 13462: 13441: 13440: 13436: 13434: 13433: 13432:Asana Journal 13429: 13428: 13426: 13424: 13421: 13419: 13416: 13414: 13411: 13409: 13406: 13404: 13401: 13397: 13394: 13393: 13392: 13389: 13388: 13386: 13382: 13376: 13375: 13374:Light on Yoga 13371: 13369: 13366: 13364: 13361: 13359: 13356: 13352: 13349: 13348: 13347: 13344: 13342: 13339: 13337: 13334: 13330: 13327: 13325: 13322: 13320: 13317: 13316: 13315: 13312: 13311: 13309: 13307: 13303: 13300: 13298: 13294: 13282: 13279: 13278: 13276: 13272: 13269: 13268: 13266: 13262: 13259: 13257: 13254: 13252: 13249: 13247: 13244: 13240: 13237: 13235: 13232: 13230: 13227: 13225: 13222: 13220: 13217: 13215: 13212: 13211: 13210: 13207: 13205: 13202: 13200: 13197: 13196: 13194: 13190: 13187: 13185: 13182: 13180: 13177: 13175: 13172: 13171: 13169: 13168: 13166: 13164: 13160: 13152: 13149: 13147: 13144: 13143: 13141: 13137: 13134: 13133: 13131: 13130: 13128: 13126: 13122: 13116: 13115: 13114:Visuddhimagga 13111: 13109: 13106: 13104: 13101: 13099: 13096: 13094: 13091: 13090: 13088: 13086: 13082: 13079: 13077: 13073: 13063: 13062: 13058: 13056: 13055: 13051: 13049: 13048: 13044: 13042: 13041: 13037: 13035: 13034: 13033:Shiva Samhita 13030: 13028: 13027: 13023: 13021: 13020: 13016: 13014: 13013: 13009: 13007: 13006: 13002: 13000: 12999: 12995: 12993: 12992: 12988: 12986: 12985: 12984:Bahr al-Hayat 12981: 12979: 12978: 12974: 12972: 12971: 12967: 12966: 12964: 12962: 12958: 12952: 12949: 12945: 12942: 12941: 12940: 12937: 12933: 12930: 12928: 12925: 12924: 12923: 12920: 12918: 12915: 12913: 12910: 12909: 12907: 12905: 12901: 12895: 12892: 12890: 12887: 12883: 12880: 12878: 12875: 12873: 12870: 12868: 12865: 12863: 12860: 12858: 12855: 12853: 12850: 12849: 12848: 12845: 12843: 12840: 12838: 12835: 12833: 12830: 12826: 12823: 12821: 12818: 12816: 12813: 12811: 12808: 12807: 12806: 12803: 12799: 12796: 12794: 12791: 12789: 12786: 12784: 12781: 12780: 12779: 12776: 12774: 12771: 12767: 12764: 12762: 12759: 12757: 12754: 12752: 12749: 12747: 12744: 12740: 12737: 12736: 12735: 12732: 12730: 12727: 12725: 12722: 12721: 12720: 12717: 12716: 12714: 12710: 12704: 12703: 12699: 12697: 12696: 12695:Yoga Vasistha 12692: 12690: 12689: 12685: 12683: 12682: 12681:Bhagavad Gita 12678: 12677: 12675: 12673: 12669: 12663: 12660: 12659:and sometimes 12657: 12655: 12652: 12650: 12647: 12645: 12642: 12641: 12639: 12637: 12633: 12630: 12628: 12624: 12618: 12615: 12611: 12608: 12606: 12603: 12601: 12598: 12597: 12596: 12593: 12591: 12588: 12586: 12583: 12581: 12578: 12577: 12575: 12573: 12569: 12565: 12558: 12553: 12551: 12546: 12544: 12539: 12538: 12535: 12523: 12518: 12513: 12511: 12503: 12502: 12499: 12493: 12490: 12488: 12485: 12483: 12480: 12478: 12475: 12473: 12470: 12468: 12465: 12463: 12460: 12459: 12457: 12455: 12451: 12445: 12442: 12440: 12437: 12435: 12432: 12430: 12427: 12425: 12422: 12420: 12417: 12415: 12412: 12410: 12407: 12405: 12402: 12400: 12397: 12393: 12390: 12388: 12385: 12384: 12383: 12380: 12378: 12375: 12374: 12372: 12370: 12366: 12358: 12355: 12353: 12350: 12349: 12348: 12345: 12343: 12340: 12338: 12335: 12333: 12330: 12328: 12325: 12323: 12320: 12318: 12315: 12313: 12310: 12308: 12305: 12303: 12300: 12298: 12295: 12293: 12290: 12289: 12287: 12285: 12284:Miscellaneous 12281: 12275: 12274:Vegetarianism 12272: 12270: 12267: 12263: 12260: 12258: 12255: 12253: 12250: 12248: 12245: 12243: 12240: 12239: 12238: 12235: 12233: 12230: 12228: 12225: 12223: 12220: 12218: 12215: 12211: 12208: 12206: 12203: 12201: 12198: 12196: 12193: 12191: 12188: 12187: 12186: 12183: 12181: 12178: 12176: 12173: 12169: 12166: 12165: 12164: 12161: 12159: 12156: 12154: 12151: 12149: 12146: 12142: 12139: 12137: 12134: 12132: 12129: 12127: 12124: 12122: 12119: 12118: 12117: 12114: 12112: 12109: 12107: 12104: 12102: 12099: 12097: 12096:Buddha in art 12094: 12092: 12089: 12087: 12084: 12080: 12077: 12076: 12075: 12072: 12068: 12065: 12063: 12060: 12058: 12055: 12053: 12050: 12048: 12045: 12043: 12040: 12038: 12035: 12031: 12028: 12027: 12026: 12023: 12021: 12018: 12016: 12013: 12011: 12008: 12006: 12003: 12001: 11998: 11996: 11993: 11992: 11991: 11988: 11987: 11985: 11983: 11979: 11973: 11970: 11968: 11965: 11963: 11960: 11958: 11955: 11953: 11950: 11948: 11945: 11943: 11940: 11938: 11935: 11933: 11930: 11928: 11925: 11923: 11920: 11918: 11915: 11913: 11910: 11908: 11905: 11903: 11900: 11898: 11895: 11893: 11890: 11889: 11887: 11885: 11881: 11875: 11872: 11870: 11867: 11865: 11862: 11860: 11857: 11855: 11852: 11850: 11847: 11845: 11842: 11840: 11837: 11835: 11832: 11830: 11827: 11825: 11822: 11818: 11815: 11814: 11813: 11810: 11808: 11805: 11801: 11798: 11797: 11796: 11793: 11791: 11788: 11786: 11783: 11781: 11778: 11776: 11773: 11772: 11770: 11768: 11764: 11756: 11753: 11751: 11750:United States 11748: 11746: 11743: 11741: 11738: 11736: 11733: 11731: 11728: 11726: 11723: 11721: 11718: 11716: 11713: 11711: 11708: 11706: 11703: 11701: 11698: 11696: 11693: 11691: 11688: 11686: 11683: 11681: 11678: 11676: 11673: 11671: 11668: 11666: 11663: 11662: 11661: 11658: 11654: 11651: 11649: 11646: 11645: 11644: 11641: 11637: 11634: 11633: 11632: 11629: 11625: 11622: 11620: 11617: 11616: 11615: 11612: 11610: 11607: 11605: 11602: 11600: 11597: 11595: 11592: 11590: 11587: 11585: 11582: 11577: 11573: 11570: 11568: 11565: 11563: 11560: 11559: 11558: 11555: 11553: 11550: 11548: 11545: 11543: 11540: 11538: 11535: 11533: 11530: 11528: 11525: 11523: 11520: 11518: 11515: 11513: 11510: 11508: 11505: 11503: 11500: 11498: 11495: 11493: 11490: 11488: 11485: 11483: 11480: 11478: 11475: 11473: 11470: 11469: 11467: 11465: 11461: 11455: 11452: 11450: 11449: 11445: 11443: 11440: 11438: 11435: 11433: 11432: 11428: 11426: 11423: 11421: 11418: 11416: 11413: 11411: 11408: 11406: 11403: 11401: 11398: 11397: 11395: 11393: 11389: 11383: 11380: 11378: 11375: 11373: 11370: 11368: 11365: 11363: 11360: 11358: 11355: 11353: 11350: 11348: 11345: 11343: 11340: 11338: 11335: 11333: 11330: 11328: 11325: 11323: 11320: 11318: 11315: 11313: 11310: 11308: 11307:Padmasambhava 11305: 11303: 11300: 11298: 11295: 11293: 11290: 11288: 11285: 11283: 11280: 11278: 11275: 11273: 11270: 11268: 11265: 11263: 11260: 11258: 11255: 11253: 11250: 11248: 11245: 11243: 11240: 11238: 11235: 11233: 11230: 11228: 11225: 11224: 11222: 11220: 11219:Major figures 11216: 11210: 11207: 11203: 11200: 11199: 11198: 11195: 11193: 11190: 11188: 11185: 11183: 11180: 11178: 11175: 11173: 11170: 11166: 11165:Western tulku 11163: 11162: 11161: 11158: 11156: 11153: 11151: 11148: 11146: 11143: 11141: 11138: 11136: 11133: 11131: 11128: 11126: 11123: 11121: 11118: 11116: 11113: 11111: 11108: 11106: 11103: 11101: 11098: 11097: 11095: 11093: 11089: 11081: 11078: 11076: 11073: 11071: 11068: 11066: 11063: 11062: 11061: 11058: 11056: 11053: 11051: 11048: 11046: 11043: 11041: 11038: 11037: 11035: 11033: 11029: 11023: 11020: 11016: 11013: 11012: 11011: 11008: 11004: 11001: 10999: 10996: 10994: 10991: 10990: 10989: 10986: 10982: 10979: 10977: 10974: 10972: 10969: 10967: 10966:Five precepts 10964: 10963: 10962: 10959: 10955: 10952: 10950: 10947: 10945: 10944:Dhamma vicaya 10942: 10940: 10937: 10936: 10935: 10932: 10928: 10925: 10924: 10923: 10920: 10918: 10915: 10913: 10910: 10906: 10903: 10901: 10898: 10896: 10893: 10892: 10891: 10888: 10886: 10883: 10881: 10878: 10876: 10873: 10871: 10868: 10864: 10861: 10859: 10856: 10855: 10854: 10851: 10849: 10846: 10842: 10839: 10837: 10834: 10832: 10829: 10827: 10824: 10822: 10819: 10817: 10814: 10812: 10809: 10807: 10804: 10802: 10799: 10797: 10794: 10791: 10787: 10784: 10782: 10779: 10777: 10774: 10772: 10769: 10766: 10765: 10760: 10758: 10755: 10754: 10753: 10750: 10748: 10745: 10743: 10740: 10738: 10735: 10733: 10730: 10728: 10725: 10723: 10720: 10718: 10715: 10713: 10712:Buddhābhiṣeka 10710: 10706: 10703: 10701: 10698: 10696: 10693: 10691: 10688: 10687: 10686: 10683: 10681: 10678: 10676: 10673: 10672: 10670: 10668: 10664: 10658: 10655: 10653: 10650: 10648: 10645: 10643: 10640: 10638: 10635: 10631: 10628: 10626: 10623: 10621: 10618: 10616: 10613: 10612: 10611: 10608: 10604: 10601: 10599: 10596: 10594: 10591: 10589: 10586: 10584: 10581: 10579: 10576: 10574: 10571: 10567: 10564: 10562: 10559: 10557: 10554: 10552: 10549: 10548: 10547: 10544: 10543: 10542: 10539: 10538: 10536: 10534: 10530: 10524: 10521: 10517: 10514: 10512: 10509: 10507: 10504: 10502: 10499: 10497: 10494: 10492: 10489: 10488: 10487: 10484: 10482: 10479: 10478: 10476: 10474: 10470: 10464: 10461: 10457: 10454: 10452: 10449: 10447: 10444: 10443: 10442: 10439: 10437: 10434: 10432: 10429: 10427: 10424: 10422: 10419: 10417: 10414: 10412: 10409: 10407: 10404: 10402: 10399: 10397: 10394: 10392: 10389: 10387: 10384: 10382: 10379: 10377: 10374: 10372: 10369: 10367: 10364: 10362: 10359: 10357: 10356:Enlightenment 10354: 10352: 10349: 10347: 10346:Dhamma theory 10344: 10342: 10341:Buddha-nature 10339: 10337: 10334: 10332: 10329: 10327: 10324: 10323: 10321: 10319: 10315: 10309: 10306: 10304: 10301: 10299: 10296: 10294: 10291: 10289: 10286: 10284: 10281: 10279: 10276: 10274: 10271: 10269: 10266: 10264: 10261: 10259: 10256: 10254: 10251: 10249: 10246: 10244: 10241: 10239: 10236: 10234: 10231: 10229: 10226: 10224: 10221: 10219: 10216: 10215: 10213: 10211: 10207: 10201: 10198: 10196: 10193: 10191: 10188: 10186: 10183: 10181: 10180:Samantabhadra 10178: 10176: 10173: 10171: 10168: 10166: 10163: 10161: 10158: 10154: 10151: 10150: 10149: 10146: 10145: 10143: 10141: 10137: 10131: 10128: 10126: 10123: 10119: 10113: 10111: 10105: 10103: 10097: 10095: 10089: 10087: 10081: 10079: 10073: 10071: 10065: 10064: 10063: 10060: 10058: 10055: 10053: 10050: 10048: 10045: 10043: 10040: 10038: 10035: 10033: 10030: 10028: 10025: 10023: 10020: 10018: 10015: 10013: 10010: 10008: 10005: 10003: 10000: 9999: 9997: 9995: 9991: 9985: 9982: 9980: 9977: 9975: 9972: 9968: 9965: 9963: 9960: 9958: 9955: 9954: 9953: 9950: 9948: 9945: 9944: 9942: 9940: 9936: 9930: 9927: 9925: 9922: 9920: 9912: 9911: 9908: 9903: 9898: 9893: 9885: 9880: 9878: 9873: 9871: 9866: 9865: 9862: 9850: 9845: 9843: 9838: 9836: 9831: 9829: 9824: 9822: 9817: 9815: 9810: 9808: 9803: 9802: 9799: 9793: 9790: 9788: 9785: 9783: 9780: 9778: 9775: 9773: 9770: 9768: 9765: 9763: 9760: 9758: 9755: 9753: 9750: 9748: 9745: 9743: 9740: 9738: 9735: 9733: 9730: 9728: 9725: 9724: 9722: 9716: 9710: 9707: 9705: 9702: 9699: 9696: 9693: 9690: 9688:Futara Gongen 9687: 9684: 9681: 9678: 9676:Haguro Gongen 9675: 9672: 9669: 9667:Chimyō Gongen 9666: 9663: 9661:Seiryū Gongen 9660: 9658:Suzuka Gongen 9657: 9655: 9652: 9649: 9647: 9646:Kumano Gongen 9644: 9641: 9638: 9635: 9634: 9632: 9628: 9624: 9618: 9615: 9613: 9610: 9608: 9605: 9603: 9600: 9598: 9595: 9593: 9590: 9588: 9585: 9583: 9580: 9578: 9575: 9573: 9570: 9567: 9565: 9562: 9560: 9557: 9555: 9552: 9550: 9547: 9545: 9542: 9540: 9537: 9535: 9532: 9530: 9527: 9524: 9522: 9519: 9516: 9514: 9511: 9509: 9506: 9505: 9503: 9499: 9495: 9489: 9486: 9484: 9481: 9479: 9476: 9474: 9471: 9469: 9466: 9464: 9461: 9459: 9456: 9455: 9453: 9451:明王部 (Myōō-bu) 9449: 9445: 9439: 9436: 9434: 9431: 9429: 9426: 9424: 9421: 9419: 9416: 9414: 9411: 9409: 9406: 9404: 9401: 9399: 9396: 9394: 9391: 9390: 9388: 9384: 9380: 9375: 9365: 9362: 9360: 9357: 9355: 9352: 9350: 9347: 9345: 9342: 9341: 9339: 9335: 9331: 9327: 9318: 9313: 9311: 9306: 9304: 9299: 9298: 9295: 9289: 9286: 9284: 9281: 9279: 9276: 9274: 9271: 9269: 9266: 9264: 9261: 9259: 9256: 9254: 9251: 9250: 9240: 9236: 9233: 9229: 9225: 9222: 9218: 9216: 9212: 9209: 9205: 9202: 9198: 9195: 9191: 9188: 9187:0-914910-25-6 9184: 9180: 9176: 9173: 9172:0-231-03627-2 9169: 9165: 9161: 9159: 9158:1-886439-15-X 9155: 9151: 9150: 9145: 9143: 9139: 9135: 9134: 9129: 9127: 9123: 9119: 9118: 9117:Shingon Texts 9113: 9110: 9106: 9103: 9099: 9097: 9096:81-86471-93-6 9093: 9089: 9085: 9082: 9078: 9075: 9071: 9068: 9067:4-9900581-1-9 9064: 9060: 9056: 9055: 9042: 9036: 9029: 9023: 9008: 9004: 8998: 8991: 8986: 8971: 8967: 8960: 8953: 8949: 8946: 8941: 8926: 8920: 8913: 8907: 8905: 8903: 8887: 8883: 8877: 8875: 8858: 8854: 8847: 8845: 8835: 8833: 8817: 8813: 8807: 8798: 8792: 8786: 8777: 8769: 8767:0-231-11286-6 8763: 8759: 8752: 8743: 8734: 8732: 8730: 8728: 8718: 8709: 8701: 8695: 8691: 8687: 8686: 8678: 8672: 8668: 8664: 8658: 8652: 8648: 8642: 8636: 8632: 8629: 8623: 8614: 8612: 8602: 8600: 8598: 8588: 8579: 8570: 8568: 8566: 8564: 8554: 8545: 8536: 8527: 8518: 8509: 8500: 8491: 8482: 8474: 8470: 8466: 8462: 8455: 8446: 8437: 8428: 8419: 8410: 8401: 8394: 8388: 8386: 8384: 8382: 8380: 8378: 8376: 8374: 8372: 8370: 8360: 8351: 8349: 8339: 8332: 8326: 8317: 8308: 8306: 8296: 8294: 8284: 8282: 8280: 8270: 8261: 8252: 8243: 8241: 8239: 8231: 8225: 8216: 8207: 8198: 8196: 8194: 8184: 8176: 8174:0-231-03627-2 8170: 8166: 8162: 8161: 8153: 8144: 8135: 8126: 8124: 8115: 8113:0-231-03627-2 8109: 8105: 8101: 8100: 8092: 8084: 8078: 8074: 8070: 8063: 8054: 8047: 8041: 8039: 8037: 8035: 8026: 8020: 8016: 8012: 8005: 8003: 7987: 7983: 7977: 7968: 7966: 7964: 7962: 7960: 7950: 7944: 7943: 7936: 7927: 7918: 7909: 7907: 7899: 7893: 7884: 7882: 7874: 7868: 7862: 7856: 7847: 7840: 7834: 7828: 7822: 7813: 7808: 7804: 7800: 7796: 7789: 7781: 7777: 7776:Pacific World 7770: 7763: 7755: 7751: 7746: 7741: 7737: 7733: 7729: 7722: 7715: 7709: 7700: 7695: 7691: 7687: 7683: 7676: 7674: 7666: 7660: 7651: 7642: 7633: 7624: 7615: 7606: 7604: 7594: 7592: 7582: 7573: 7564: 7555: 7546: 7537: 7528: 7526: 7524: 7517: 7513: 7509: 7505: 7501: 7500:Kōmyō Shingon 7495: 7486: 7484: 7474: 7472: 7470: 7462: 7456: 7447: 7445: 7436: 7429: 7420: 7418: 7408: 7399: 7390: 7381: 7372: 7363: 7354: 7345: 7336: 7334: 7324: 7315: 7306: 7297: 7288: 7279: 7270: 7263: 7262: 7255: 7253: 7243: 7236: 7230: 7221: 7212: 7203: 7194: 7186: 7182: 7176: 7172: 7161: 7158: 7156: 7155:Tachikawa-ryu 7153: 7151: 7150:Sokushinbutsu 7148: 7146: 7143: 7141: 7138: 7136: 7133: 7131: 7128: 7126: 7123: 7121: 7118: 7117: 7099: 7090: 7085: 7075: 7066: 7057: 7056: 7048: 7045: 7034: 7025: 7024: 7016: 7013: 7002: 7001: 6993: 6990: 6989: 6981: 6968: 6967: 6965: 6962: 6951: 6950: 6942: 6939: 6928: 6927: 6920:Sumadera-ha ( 6919: 6908: 6907: 6899: 6888: 6887: 6879: 6868: 6867: 6859: 6848: 6847: 6839: 6828: 6827: 6819: 6816: 6811: 6801: 6792: 6791: 6783: 6780: 6769: 6760: 6759: 6751: 6740: 6739: 6731: 6720: 6711: 6702: 6693: 6684: 6683: 6675: 6672: 6667: 6657: 6648: 6647: 6640:Zentsūji-ha ( 6639: 6635:, 1639–1702)) 6622: 6621: 6613: 6602: 6593: 6584: 6575: 6566: 6557: 6548: 6539: 6530: 6517: 6516: 6508: 6505: 6504: 6496: 6495: 6490: 6483: 6482:Sakurai, Nara 6478: 6470: 6463: 6459: 6455: 6450: 6440: 6437: 6429: 6419: 6415: 6411: 6405: 6404: 6400: 6395:This section 6393: 6389: 6384: 6383: 6366: 6363: 6354: 6351: 6342: 6339: 6330: 6327: 6318: 6310:(Kōbō-Daishi 6309: 6306: 6298:(Keika-Ajari 6297: 6294: 6285: 6282: 6281: 6271: 6270: 6269: 6266: 6263: 6252:(Kongō-Satta 6251: 6248: 6239: 6236: 6227: 6224: 6221: 6211: 6208: 6199: 6191:(Kōbō-Daishi 6190: 6187: 6179:(Keika-Ajari 6178: 6175: 6166: 6163: 6162: 6152: 6151: 6150: 6147: 6143: 6138: 6127: 6124: 6116: 6106: 6102: 6098: 6092: 6091: 6087: 6082:This section 6080: 6076: 6071: 6070: 6063: 6055: 6046: 6044: 6040: 6036: 6031: 6024: 6020: 6011: 6007: 5998: 5994: 5985:or Ishanaten 5979:(Daijizaiten 5978: 5968: 5959:(Taishakuten 5958: 5951: 5941: 5939: 5929: 5926: 5924: 5914: 5912: 5902: 5901:Amrtakundalin 5899: 5897: 5887: 5884: 5883: 5882: 5880: 5876: 5872: 5865:Other deities 5853: 5850: 5841: 5832: 5829: 5820: 5817: 5808: 5805: 5796: 5793: 5784: 5783:Bhaiṣajyaguru 5781: 5772: 5769: 5760: 5757: 5748: 5747:Samantabhadra 5745: 5736: 5733: 5724: 5721: 5718: 5708: 5705: 5702: 5701: 5700: 5698: 5694: 5689: 5687: 5686:seed syllable 5683: 5679: 5675: 5674:jūsan butsuji 5670: 5665: 5664: 5651: 5642: 5633: 5625: 5615: 5612: 5602: 5592: 5582: 5572: 5567: 5565: 5561: 5555: 5547: 5543: 5538: 5531: 5527: 5523: 5519: 5510: 5508: 5503: 5493: 5491: 5488:rituals. The 5487: 5483: 5479: 5469: 5461: 5456: 5452: 5450: 5440: 5435: 5434: 5428: 5423: 5418: 5416: 5410: 5408: 5401: 5399: 5395: 5394: 5383: 5375: 5370: 5363: 5358: 5356: 5352: 5348: 5343: 5336: 5331: 5324: 5318: 5316: 5312: 5306: 5301: 5299: 5289: 5285: 5283: 5273: 5269: 5264: 5255: 5247: 5246:Kechien Kanjō 5243: 5237: 5230: 5226: 5221: 5220: 5214: 5205: 5191: 5187: 5184: 5181: 5177: 5174: 5173: 5172: 5170: 5165: 5163: 5159: 5158: 5153: 5148: 5146: 5136: 5134: 5129: 5126: 5121: 5119: 5115: 5111: 5107: 5102: 5100: 5098: 5091: 5080: 5079:Gojigonjingan 5070: 5065: 5062: 5057: 5053: 5048: 5043: 5039: 5035: 5031: 5027: 5023: 5019: 5016: 5012: 5002: 4995: 4991: 4986: 4977: 4974: 4970: 4966: 4962: 4958: 4954: 4950: 4949: 4943: 4941: 4937: 4931: 4929: 4927: 4920: 4915: 4907: 4899: 4890: 4888: 4884: 4875: 4866: 4862: 4858: 4854: 4849: 4846: 4841: 4837: 4833: 4830:Mantras (and 4827: 4822: 4820: 4819:Da Rijing shu 4816: 4812: 4806: 4801: 4798: 4795: 4787: 4778: 4776: 4770: 4768: 4767: 4761: 4755: 4746: 4738: 4734: 4733:Diamond Realm 4730: 4729: 4723: 4717: 4708: 4700: 4696: 4692: 4682: 4679: 4674: 4672: 4671:Mahavairocana 4668: 4667:three bodies 4664: 4660: 4656: 4652: 4648: 4644: 4640: 4637: 4629: 4625: 4620: 4611: 4609: 4605: 4601: 4596: 4592: 4584: 4566: 4561: 4548: 4545: 4540: 4537: 4533: 4530: 4526: 4522: 4519: 4518: 4513: 4509: 4505: 4501: 4500: 4499: 4497: 4493: 4489: 4485: 4481: 4471: 4467: 4462: 4457: 4455: 4450: 4448: 4444: 4443:buddha-nature 4440: 4436: 4429: 4424: 4415: 4413: 4409: 4404: 4402: 4398: 4397: 4392: 4388: 4387: 4382: 4378: 4373: 4371: 4370: 4364: 4363:citta-prasāda 4359: 4355: 4350: 4349: 4337: 4335: 4332: 4326: 4323: 4320: 4317: 4314: 4311: 4308: 4304: 4300: 4296: 4290: 4287: 4284: 4281: 4280: 4279: 4275: 4273: 4269: 4265: 4260: 4255: 4252: 4248: 4244: 4240: 4236: 4235: 4230: 4222: 4219:(Womb Realm) 4218: 4214: 4204: 4200: 4198: 4194: 4189: 4184: 4180: 4178: 4168: 4164: 4161: 4157: 4154: 4150: 4147: 4146:alaya-vijñana 4143: 4139: 4136: 4132: 4131: 4130: 4128: 4124: 4120: 4113: 4109: 4104: 4095: 4093: 4089: 4085: 4077: 4073: 4070: 4069:henge hosshin 4066: 4063: 4059: 4056: 4055:jishō hosshin 4052: 4051: 4050: 4048: 4043: 4041: 4037: 4033: 4032: 4031:honji suijaku 4027: 4023: 4022:hosshin seppō 4019: 4015: 4011: 4004: 4003: 4002: 3994: 3989: 3986: 3982: 3981:Diamond Realm 3973: 3964: 3961: 3957: 3955: 3949: 3944: 3942: 3941:Buddha nature 3938: 3934: 3932: 3925: 3923: 3918: 3916: 3912: 3908: 3904: 3901: 3897: 3893: 3889: 3885: 3884:Mahāvairocana 3878: 3873: 3864: 3862: 3858: 3853: 3851: 3847: 3843: 3839: 3835: 3834: 3828: 3826: 3822: 3818: 3814: 3810: 3806: 3802: 3797: 3795: 3791: 3787: 3783: 3779: 3778:Mahavairocana 3775: 3771: 3767: 3763: 3758: 3756: 3754: 3749: 3748: 3743: 3741: 3736: 3729: 3728: 3715: 3714: 3706: 3705: 3692: 3691: 3683: 3682: 3669: 3668: 3663: 3659: 3644: 3642: 3638: 3634: 3630: 3626: 3622: 3618: 3617:United States 3613: 3611: 3607: 3602: 3600: 3595: 3591: 3586: 3583: 3578: 3577: 3573: 3569: 3565: 3558: 3553: 3546: 3542: 3538: 3529: 3525: 3523: 3519: 3518: 3513: 3503: 3499: 3496: 3492: 3488: 3484: 3475: 3466: 3455: 3452: 3451: 3446: 3441: 3439: 3435: 3431: 3426: 3424: 3419: 3417: 3413: 3409: 3405: 3401: 3391: 3389: 3384: 3383:for example. 3382: 3378: 3374: 3373:honji suijaku 3370: 3366: 3362: 3361: 3355: 3353: 3349: 3345: 3341: 3337: 3332: 3330: 3321: 3320: 3307: 3298: 3297: 3284: 3278: 3267: 3263: 3259: 3244: 3242: 3238: 3233: 3231: 3227: 3223: 3219: 3214: 3212: 3202: 3197: 3195: 3191: 3190:Fujiwara clan 3186: 3178: 3169: 3168: 3164: 3163: 3157: 3144: 3139: 3136: 3132: 3128: 3124: 3115: 3111: 3107: 3098: 3096: 3092: 3088: 3083: 3081: 3080: 3074: 3072: 3068: 3065:found in the 3064: 3061: 3057: 3053: 3049: 3046:education at 3045: 3041: 3031: 3029: 3028:Emperor Daigo 3022: 3010: 3003: 2991: 2987: 2983: 2979: 2975: 2965: 2955: 2951: 2947: 2939: 2935: 2930: 2921: 2919: 2918:craftsmanship 2915: 2911: 2907: 2903: 2899: 2895: 2891: 2887: 2883: 2878: 2876: 2875: 2870: 2866: 2862: 2856: 2854: 2850: 2846: 2842: 2832: 2828: 2824: 2820: 2816: 2812: 2807: 2805: 2801: 2797: 2795: 2783: 2779: 2775: 2771: 2767: 2763: 2759: 2752: 2740: 2729: 2724: 2722: 2717: 2715: 2710: 2709: 2707: 2706: 2701: 2696: 2691: 2690: 2689: 2688: 2681: 2678: 2676: 2673: 2671: 2668: 2666: 2663: 2661: 2658: 2656: 2653: 2651: 2648: 2646: 2643: 2641: 2638: 2636: 2633: 2631: 2628: 2626: 2623: 2621: 2618: 2616: 2613: 2611: 2608: 2606: 2603: 2601: 2598: 2596: 2593: 2591: 2588: 2586: 2583: 2581: 2578: 2577: 2574: 2569: 2568: 2561: 2558: 2556: 2553: 2551: 2548: 2546: 2543: 2541: 2538: 2536: 2533: 2531: 2528: 2526: 2523: 2521: 2518: 2517: 2514: 2509: 2508: 2501: 2498: 2496: 2493: 2491: 2488: 2486: 2483: 2481: 2478: 2476: 2473: 2472: 2469: 2464: 2463: 2456: 2455:Vegetarianism 2453: 2451: 2448: 2446: 2443: 2441: 2438: 2436: 2433: 2431: 2428: 2426: 2423: 2421: 2418: 2416: 2413: 2411: 2410:Recollections 2408: 2406: 2403: 2401: 2398: 2396: 2393: 2391: 2388: 2386: 2383: 2381: 2380:Five precepts 2378: 2376: 2373: 2371: 2368: 2367: 2364: 2359: 2358: 2351: 2348: 2346: 2345:Chinese canon 2343: 2341: 2340:Tibetan canon 2338: 2336: 2333: 2331: 2328: 2326: 2323: 2321: 2318: 2316: 2313: 2311: 2308: 2307: 2304: 2299: 2298: 2291: 2288: 2286: 2283: 2281: 2278: 2276: 2273: 2271: 2268: 2266: 2263: 2261: 2258: 2256: 2253: 2251: 2248: 2246: 2243: 2241: 2238: 2236: 2233: 2229: 2226: 2225: 2224: 2221: 2219: 2216: 2215: 2209: 2206: 2204: 2201: 2200: 2196: 2195: 2188: 2185: 2183: 2180: 2178: 2175: 2173: 2170: 2168: 2165: 2163: 2160: 2158: 2155: 2153: 2150: 2149: 2146: 2141: 2140: 2135: 2132: 2130: 2127: 2125: 2122: 2121: 2120: 2119: 2115: 2111: 2110: 2107: 2104: 2103: 2099: 2095: 2094: 2084: 2079: 2077: 2072: 2070: 2065: 2064: 2062: 2061: 2054: 2051: 2049: 2046: 2044: 2041: 2039: 2036: 2034: 2031: 2029: 2026: 2024: 2021: 2019: 2016: 2014: 2011: 2009: 2006: 2004: 2001: 1999: 1996: 1992: 1989: 1988: 1987: 1984: 1983: 1977: 1976: 1969: 1966: 1964: 1961: 1959: 1956: 1954: 1951: 1949: 1946: 1944: 1941: 1939: 1936: 1934: 1931: 1929: 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1112: 1111: 1108: 1105: 1103: 1100: 1098: 1095: 1094: 1088: 1087: 1080: 1077: 1076: 1073: 1070: 1069: 1066: 1063: 1062: 1059: 1056: 1055: 1052: 1049: 1048: 1045: 1042: 1041: 1038: 1035: 1034: 1031: 1028: 1027: 1024: 1021: 1020: 1017: 1014: 1013: 1010:Tantric texts 1007: 1006: 999: 996: 994: 991: 990: 984: 983: 976: 973: 972: 969: 966: 965: 962: 959: 958: 955: 952: 951: 948: 945: 944: 940: 937: 936: 933: 930: 929: 926: 923: 922: 919: 916: 915: 914: 913: 911: 904: 901: 900: 897: 894: 893: 890: 887: 886: 883: 880: 879: 876: 873: 872: 871: 870: 864: 863:Outer Tantras 861: 860: 857: 856:Inner Tantras 854: 853: 852: 850: 843: 840: 839: 836: 833: 832: 829: 826: 825: 822: 819: 818: 817: 815: 810: 809: 807: 800: 797: 795: 792: 791: 788: 785: 783: 780: 779: 773: 772: 765: 762: 761: 758: 755: 753: 750: 749: 743: 742: 735: 732: 731: 728: 725: 724: 721: 718: 717: 711: 710: 703: 700: 699: 696: 693: 692: 689: 686: 685: 682: 679: 678: 677: 676: 675:New branches: 667: 663: 659: 655: 651: 649: 646: 645: 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9700:Izuna Gongen 9685:Sannō Gongen 9682:Hiryō Gongen 9636:Akiha Gongen 9448:Wisdom Kings 9383:Bodhisattvas 9238: 9220: 9214: 9193: 9178: 9163: 9147: 9131: 9115: 9108: 9101: 9087: 9080: 9079:BDK (2015), 9073: 9058: 9051:Bibliography 9040: 9035: 9027: 9022: 9010:. 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Retrieved 7976: 7949: 7940: 7939:Kim, Jiyun. 7935: 7926: 7917: 7892: 7875:2000. p. 271 7872: 7867: 7859:Green, Ron. 7855: 7846: 7838: 7833: 7821: 7802: 7798: 7788: 7779: 7775: 7762: 7735: 7731: 7721: 7708: 7689: 7685: 7664: 7659: 7650: 7641: 7632: 7623: 7614: 7581: 7572: 7563: 7554: 7545: 7536: 7507: 7503: 7499: 7494: 7460: 7455: 7434: 7428: 7407: 7398: 7389: 7380: 7371: 7362: 7353: 7344: 7323: 7314: 7305: 7296: 7287: 7278: 7269: 7260: 7242: 7234: 7229: 7220: 7211: 7202: 7193: 7175: 7100:Inunaki-ha ( 6964:Ishizuchisan 6782:Daikakuji-ha 6614:Reiunji-ha ( 6480:Hasedera in 6432: 6423: 6408:Please help 6396: 6267: 6264: 6261: 6137:transmission 6134: 6119: 6110: 6095:Please help 6083: 6032: 5954: 5879:Five Buddhas 5871:Wisdom Kings 5868: 5690: 5673: 5671: 5662: 5647: 5613: 5591:Wisdom Kings 5581:Bodhisattvas 5568: 5557: 5548:fire ritual. 5499: 5489: 5485: 5481: 5477: 5465: 5431: 5426: 5419: 5414: 5412: 5403: 5391: 5381: 5379: 5373: 5361: 5350: 5346: 5344: 5334: 5319: 5314: 5310: 5308: 5303: 5297: 5287: 5277: 5245: 5241: 5238: 5228: 5227:initiation ( 5218: 5203: 5200: 5189: 5166: 5155: 5149: 5142: 5130: 5124: 5122: 5103: 5078: 5068: 5066: 5055: 5051: 5017: 5000: 4998: 4972: 4969:hokkai jō-in 4968: 4965:vajra gasshō 4964: 4961:lotus gasshō 4960: 4956: 4952: 4948:añjali mudrā 4946: 4944: 4939: 4935: 4932: 4912: 4873: 4864: 4859:, using the 4850: 4839: 4829: 4824: 4818: 4814: 4811:incantations 4808: 4803: 4799: 4792: 4771: 4764: 4726: 4688: 4675: 4633: 4588: 4515: 4477: 4468: 4464: 4459: 4453: 4451: 4432: 4411: 4408:nyūga ga'nyū 4407: 4405: 4401:hokkai riki) 4400: 4395: 4390: 4385: 4380: 4376: 4374: 4367: 4353: 4343: 4334: 4330: 4328: 4324: 4321: 4318: 4315: 4312: 4309: 4306: 4301: 4297: 4294: 4276: 4264:hōni no dōri 4263: 4256: 4238: 4232: 4228: 4226: 4202: 4196: 4192: 4177:Vajrasekhara 4172: 4166: 4160:myōkanzatchi 4159: 4153:byōdōshō chi 4152: 4141: 4134: 4118: 4116: 4091: 4081: 4076:tōru hosshin 4075: 4068: 4062:juyō hosshin 4061: 4054: 4046: 4044: 4038:sun goddess 4029: 4028:doctrine of 4021: 4009: 3999: 3991:Like in the 3990: 3978: 3947: 3945: 3928: 3926: 3919: 3906: 3905:(大日經疏‎, J. 3903:Darijing shu 3902: 3895: 3881: 3860: 3856: 3854: 3845: 3841: 3837: 3831: 3829: 3824: 3820: 3816: 3812: 3804: 3800: 3798: 3777: 3759: 3751: 3745: 3738: 3733:. Important 3726: 3711: 3704:Kongōchō-kyō 3703: 3688: 3681:Dainichi-kyō 3680: 3665: 3655: 3614: 3610:Jingak Order 3603: 3587: 3579: 3576:Gedatsu-kai. 3561: 3526: 3515: 3509: 3506:Meiji period 3500: 3480: 3448: 3442: 3427: 3420: 3397: 3385: 3358: 3356: 3333: 3318: 3305: 3295: 3283:Kogi Shingon 3282: 3279: 3245: 3234: 3230:Amida Buddha 3225: 3215: 3201:Heian period 3198: 3192:nobles like 3187: 3183: 3166: 3160: 3140: 3131:Emperor Saga 3119: 3084: 3077: 3075: 3070: 3066: 3037: 3009:Odaishi-sama 3008: 2989: 2964:Azure Dragon 2946:Heian period 2943: 2932:Painting of 2900:, including 2898:Japanese Zen 2879: 2872: 2857: 2808: 2791: 2773: 2769: 2764:lineages in 2738: 2737: 2405:Merit making 2370:Three Jewels 2310:Buddhavacana 2240:Impermanence 2228:Dharma wheel 1953:D. T. Suzuki 1758:Buddhapālita 1654: 1602: 1595: 1588: 1581: 1574: 1565: 1556: 1549: 1542: 1534: 1524: 1517: 1510: 1501: 1492: 1485: 1470: 1462: 1356:Bodhisattvas 1289:Three bodies 908: 907: 868: 867: 848: 846: 813: 811: 804: 803: 674: 673: 626: 586:Ari-Acharya 581: 480:Danka system 390:Architecture 352:D. T. Suzuki 292:Sen no Rikyū 124:Jōdo Shinshū 29: 13306:As exercise 13204:Yantra yoga 13199:Devata yoga 13108:Anapanasati 12951:Sexual Yoga 12872:Kapalabhati 12842:Sama vritti 12793:Surat Shabd 12719:Eight limbs 12649:Bhakti yoga 12636:Three Yogas 12572:Subtle body 12307:Dharma talk 12136:Asalha Puja 11932:Eschatology 11735:Switzerland 11715:New Zealand 11643:Middle East 11552:Philippines 11472:Afghanistan 11277:Bodhidharma 11262:Buddhaghosa 11182:Householder 11092:Monasticism 11045:Bodhisattva 10900:Prostration 10853:Mindfulness 10781:Anapanasati 10764:Kammaṭṭhāna 10561:Korean Seon 10501:Asura realm 10496:Human realm 10436:Ten Fetters 10391:Parinirvana 10293:Uppalavanna 10258:Mahākaccana 10243:Mahākassapa 10175:Kṣitigarbha 10170:Ākāśagarbha 10067:Suddhodāna 10012:Four sights 9939:Foundations 9762:Dōgen Kigen 9737:Bodhidharma 9670:Nezu Gongen 9501:天部 (Ten-bu) 8821:23 February 7502:Practices. 6992:Shingon-shu 6818:Sennyūji-ha 6561:三宝院流憲深方高野相承 6452:Located in 6284:Amoghavajra 6250:Vajrasattva 6165:Amoghavajra 6039:Inari Ōkami 5997:Marishi-Ten 5852:Ākāśagarbha 5759:Kṣitigarbha 5709:(Fudō Myōō 5704:Wisdom King 5611:nirmāṇakāya 5540:Fudō Myōō ( 5449:taiko drums 5364:fire ritual 5288:shido kegyō 5133:Amoghavajra 5097:mahābhūtani 5069:Gachirinkan 5042:non-arising 4973:(chiken-in) 4936:right hand: 4703:Garbhadhātu 4536:icchantikas 4517:Lotus Sutra 4508:nirmanakaya 4259:non-duality 4251:Indra's Net 4234:mahābhūtani 4229:rokudaishin 4217:Garbhadhātu 3877:Nezu Museum 3786:sexual yoga 3753:Heart Sutra 3740:Lotus Sutra 3641:Los Angeles 3606:South Korea 3481:During the 3428:During the 3172:After Kūkai 3149:高野山 Kōyasan 3114:Mount Takao 3095:Amoghavajra 3063:Ākāśagarbha 3060:bodhisattva 2990:Kōbō-Daishi 2978:Amoghavajra 2827:Amoghavajra 2815:vajrācāryas 2751:Shingon-shū 2640:New Zealand 2495:Bodhisattva 2480:Four Stages 2435:Monasticism 2415:Mindfulness 2385:Perfections 2315:Early Texts 1991:Han Chinese 1813:Amoghavajra 1788:Bodhidharma 1778:Candrakīrti 1773:Dharmakīrti 1768:Bhāvaviveka 1723:Ashvaghosha 1712:Key figures 1471:Lotus Sūtra 1428:Ākāśagarbha 1423:Kṣitigarbha 1413:Vajrasattva 1304:One Vehicle 1239:Bodhisattva 1161:Vajracharya 757:Bodhisattva 643:Inner Asian 618:East Asian 375:Nihon Shoki 332:Inoue Enryō 307:Takuan Sōhō 302:Sesshū Tōyō 287:Musō Soseki 217:En no Gyōja 187:Tori Busshi 176:Key figures 13461:Categories 13418:Yoga Nidra 13224:Karmamudra 13189:Sahajayana 12961:Hatha yoga 12927:Mahasiddha 12847:Shatkarmas 12798:Aghor Yoga 12751:Pratyahara 12672:Philosophy 12654:Jnana yoga 12644:Karma yoga 12424:Psychology 12404:Gnosticism 12392:Comparison 12387:Influences 12369:Comparison 12252:Bhavacakra 12210:Kushinagar 12185:Pilgrimage 12131:Māgha Pūjā 12086:Bodhi Tree 11902:Buddhology 11892:Abhidharma 11884:Philosophy 11817:Menander I 11685:Costa Rica 11636:Uzbekistan 11477:Bangladesh 11431:Dhammapada 11415:Pali Canon 11377:Ajahn Chah 11357:Dalai Lama 11257:Kumārajīva 11252:Vasubandhu 11227:The Buddha 11135:Zen master 11070:Sakadagami 11050:Buddhahood 10981:Pratimokṣa 10796:Shikantaza 10752:Meditation 10727:Deity yoga 10598:Madhyamaka 10491:Deva realm 10386:Mindstream 10336:Bodhicitta 10248:Aṅgulimāla 10115:Devadatta 10091:Yaśodharā 9994:The Buddha 9984:Middle Way 9654:Zaō Gongen 9126:1886439249 9012:18 October 8930:18 October 8891:18 October 8699:0521223520 8082:0824820819 8024:2080135589 8015:Flammarion 7982:"Dainichi" 7837:Sørensen. 7738:(7): 818. 7692:(9): 675. 7167:References 7145:Shinnyo-en 7140:Shinjō Itō 6994:Negoroji ( 6900:Sanbōshū ( 6860:Shigisan ( 6732:Omuro-ha ( 6552:西院流円祐方高野相承 6543:西院流元瑜方高野相承 6534:西院流能禅方高野相承 6353:Vajrabodhi 6238:Vajrabodhi 6010:Daikokuten 5977:Maheshvara 5663:Jūsanbutsu 5624:Patriarchs 5502:pilgrimage 5496:Pilgrimage 5180:bodhicitta 5154:(from the 5030:Dharmakaya 4940:left hand: 4741:Vajradhātu 4695:Womb Realm 4636:meditative 4628:Edo Period 4608:meditation 4598:gestures ( 4595:mantrayana 4591:initiation 4512:Shakyamuni 4504:Dharmakaya 4435:Buddhahood 4418:Buddhahood 4348:adhiṣṭhāna 4167:jōsosa chi 4125:system of 3985:Womb Realm 3954:adhisthana 3939:) and the 3937:bodhicitta 3911:dharmakāya 3896:honji-shin 3892:primordial 3782:antinomian 3710:, and the 3625:West Coast 3601:elements. 3568:Shinnyo-en 3510:After the 3483:Edo period 3469:Edo period 3438:Daikaku-ji 3344:Saidaiji's 3329:Dharmakāya 3262:Mount Kōya 3258:Kongōbu-ji 3222:Mount Kōya 3143:Mount Kōya 2849:Mount Kōya 2841:Tang China 2823:Vajrabodhi 2513:Traditions 2450:Pilgrimage 2390:Meditation 2350:Post-canon 2330:Pāli Canon 2260:Middle Way 2157:The Buddha 1933:Longchenpa 1928:Tsongkhapa 1843:Mazu Daoyi 1828:Shāntideva 1753:Sthiramati 1748:Vasubandhu 1738:Kumārajīva 1695:Fa Gu Shan 1625:Mādhyamaka 1373:Adi-Buddha 1363:Shakyamuni 1324:Pure Lands 1279:Two truths 1244:Buddhahood 993:Ganachakra 968:Death yoga 961:Dream yoga 947:Inner heat 932:Deity yoga 835:Yogatantra 828:Charyayoga 764:Kalachakra 752:Buddhahood 727:Mahasiddha 578:Traditions 430:Zen garden 425:Death poem 369:Key topics 347:Shaku Sōen 42:Mount Kōya 38:Kongōbu-ji 13427:Journals 13261:Mahamudra 13179:Caryayoga 13163:Vajrayana 13136:Yogachara 13103:Vipassana 13085:Theravada 12944:Kundalini 12939:Laya Yoga 12877:Bhastrika 12815:Mahamudra 12746:Pranayama 12662:Rāja yoga 12492:Festivals 12472:Buddhists 12434:Theosophy 12237:Symbolism 12227:Hama yumi 12200:Bodh Gaya 11967:Socialism 11942:Evolution 11917:Economics 11755:Venezuela 11670:Australia 11665:Argentina 11589:Sri Lanka 11584:Singapore 11502:Indonesia 11464:Countries 11405:Tripiṭaka 11367:Ajahn Mun 11242:Nagarjuna 11237:Aśvaghoṣa 11120:Anagārika 11115:Śrāmaṇerī 11110:Śrāmaṇera 11105:Bhikkhunī 11065:Sotāpanna 10954:Passaddhi 10895:Offerings 10870:Nekkhamma 10747:Iddhipada 10667:Practices 10637:Theravada 10610:Vajrayana 10603:Yogachara 10573:Pure Land 10486:Six Paths 10473:Cosmology 10253:Anuruddha 10228:Sāriputta 10218:Kaundinya 10210:Disciples 10185:Vajrapāṇi 10037:Footprint 10002:Tathāgata 9827:Pure Land 8975:1 October 7805:: 81–93. 7782:: 95–129. 7754:2077-1444 7732:Religions 7686:Religions 7181:"Zhēnyán" 7084:Meiji era 7015:Chizan-ha 6966:(石鎚山真言宗） 6666:Meiji era 6397:does not 6329:Nagarjuna 6226:Vairocana 6210:Nagarjuna 6146:Nagarjuna 6142:Vairocana 6084:does not 6043:Amaterasu 6023:Benzaiten 6019:Saraswati 5928:Yamāntaka 5583:(Bosatsu 5439:Fudō Myōō 5351:dai-ajari 5347:dai-ajari 5330:mahācārya 5242:dai-ajari 5034:emptiness 4926:mahamudra 4754:romanized 4716:romanized 4655:abhisheka 4496:Vajrayana 4040:Amaterasu 4026:syncretic 3888:Tathagata 3850:Nagarjuna 3762:Vajrayana 3647:Doctrines 3487:Hase-dera 3412:Saidai-ji 3369:Amaterasu 3266:Negoro-ji 3213:school. 3044:Confucian 2762:Vajrayana 2660:Sri Lanka 2650:Singapore 2605:Indonesia 2545:Vajrayāna 2520:Theravāda 2475:Awakening 2363:Practices 2320:Tripiṭaka 2290:Cosmology 2265:Emptiness 2245:Suffering 2048:Indonesia 1958:Sheng-yen 1733:Lokakṣema 1718:Nāgārjuna 1670:Vajrayāna 1660:Pure Land 1408:Vajrapāṇi 1393:Vairocana 1378:Akshobhya 1274:Emptiness 1233:Teachings 987:Festivals 939:Six yogas 925:Guru yoga 821:Kriyayoga 776:Practices 475:Senjafuda 450:Ikkō-ikki 13246:Mahayoga 13125:Mahayana 13076:Buddhism 12837:Kumbhaka 12712:Concepts 12627:Hinduism 12605:Sushumna 12510:Category 12439:Violence 12409:Hinduism 12357:Sanskrit 12312:Hinayana 12297:Amitābha 12257:Swastika 12126:Uposatha 12116:Holidays 12101:Calendar 11947:Humanism 11785:Kanishka 11775:Timeline 11599:Thailand 11567:Kalmykia 11562:Buryatia 11547:Pakistan 11532:Mongolia 11527:Maldives 11522:Malaysia 11487:Cambodia 11352:Shamarpa 11347:Nichiren 11297:Xuanzang 11232:Nagasena 11150:Rinpoche 10880:Pāramitā 10722:Devotion 10642:Navayana 10630:Dzogchen 10593:Nichiren 10541:Mahayana 10533:Branches 10411:Saṅkhāra 10160:Mañjuśrī 10117:(cousin) 10109:(cousin) 10077:(mother) 10069:(father) 10057:Miracles 10007:Birthday 9924:Glossary 9897:Buddhism 9841:Nichiren 9834:Shugendō 9787:Nichiren 9568:Gigeiten 9223:, Japan. 9111:, Japan. 9104:, Japan. 8948:Archived 8816:Shugendo 7991:30 March 7516:26854487 7113:See also 7082:, since 7047:Buzan-ha 7038:三宝院流日秀相承 6808:, since 6674:Daigo-ha 6664:, since 6579:三宝院流真源相承 6462:Daigo-ji 6378:Branches 6035:Hachiman 6006:Mahakala 5831:Akṣobhya 5819:Amitābha 5771:Maitreya 5735:Mañjuśrī 5513:Pantheon 5468:Shugendō 5422:acharyas 5225:abhiṣeka 5213:Sanskrit 5125:nembutsu 5047:anutpada 4963:and the 4857:Sanskrit 4853:dharanis 4760:Kongōkai 4745:Japanese 4737:Sanskrit 4731:and the 4722:Taizōkai 4707:Japanese 4699:Sanskrit 4651:mandalas 4583:Kōshō-ji 4565:Enmyō-in 4555:Practice 4550:beings). 4492:esoteric 4480:exoteric 4239:yuanrong 4142:daienkyō 4123:Yogacara 3983:and the 3784:uses of 3658:Mahayana 3572:Agon-shu 3557:Honolulu 3491:Chishaku 3388:Shugendō 3377:Hachiman 3348:nembutsu 3241:nembutsu 3135:Todai-ji 3127:Jingo-ji 3110:Jingo-ji 2972:) under 2966:Temple ( 2902:Soto Zen 2886:Shugendo 2800:Sanskrit 2670:Thailand 2630:Mongolia 2625:Malaysia 2590:Cambodia 2555:Navayana 2535:Hinayana 2530:Mahāyāna 2440:Lay life 2270:Morality 2250:Not-self 2208:Concepts 2167:Councils 2152:Timeline 2124:Glossary 2106:Buddhism 2098:a series 2096:Part of 2043:Malaysia 2038:Mongolia 1878:Nichiren 1803:Xuanzang 1728:Āryadeva 1680:Dzogchen 1665:Nichiren 1630:Yogācāra 1418:Maitreya 1398:Mañjuśrī 1368:Amitabha 1206:a series 1204:Part of 975:Sex yoga 720:Tantrism 652:Altaic ( 636:Nepalese 627:Japanese 551:a series 549:Part of 455:Butsudan 420:Nenbutsu 267:Nichiren 154:Shugendo 149:Fuke-shū 139:Nichiren 119:Jōdo-shū 13384:Related 13346:Vinyāsa 13336:Drishti 13281:Shingon 13256:Atiyoga 13251:Anuyoga 13093:Samatha 12894:Sādhanā 12882:Trataka 12783:Pranava 12766:Samadhi 12756:Dhāraṇā 12610:Pingala 12487:Temples 12467:Buddhas 12429:Science 12419:Judaism 12414:Jainism 12332:Lineage 12292:Abhijñā 12262:Thangka 12205:Sarnath 12190:Lumbini 12111:Funeral 12106:Cuisine 11982:Culture 11957:Reality 11907:Creator 11897:Atomism 11767:History 11740:Ukraine 11700:Germany 11619:Senegal 11609:Vietnam 11537:Myanmar 11337:Shinran 11327:Karmapa 11302:Shandao 11272:Dignāga 11197:Śrāvaka 11177:Donchee 11172:Kappiya 11130:Sayadaw 11100:Bhikkhu 11075:Anāgāmi 11032:Nirvana 10998:Samadhi 10885:Paritta 10826:Tonglen 10821:Mandala 10776:Smarana 10757:Mantras 10705:Upekkha 10675:Bhavana 10625:Shingon 10578:Tiantai 10431:Tathātā 10421:Śūnyatā 10416:Skandha 10406:Saṃsāra 10401:Rebirth 10376:Kleshas 10366:Indriya 10268:Subhūti 10153:Guanyin 10107:Ānanda 10099:Rāhula 9979:Nirvana 9919:Outline 9820:Shingon 9782:Shinran 9767:Genshin 9334:Buddhas 7185:Cengage 7094:真言宗国分寺派 7061:三宝院流憲深方 6972:三宝院流憲深方 6941:Tōji-ha 6923:真言宗須磨寺派 6883:真言宗中山寺派 6823:真言宗泉涌寺派 6796:三宝院流憲深方 6787:真言宗大覚寺派 6773:三宝院流憲深方 6697:三宝院流憲深方 6688:三宝院流定済方 6643:真言宗善通寺派 6617:真言宗霊雲寺派 6570:三宝院流意教方 6507:Kōyasan 6418:removed 6403:sources 6365:Yi Xing 6105:removed 6090:sources 6049:Lineage 5969:(Jiten 5967:Prthivi 5877:of the 5699:) are: 5626:(Soshi 5616:Keshin 5573:(Butsu 5571:Buddhas 5530:Enjō-ji 5460:temples 5398:Yi Xing 5311:(kuden) 5211:, from 5169:samayas 5106:liturgy 5022:Siddham 5015:Nagari: 4992:letter 4990:siddhaṃ 4865:shittan 4826:cannot. 4794:Mantras 4756:: 4718:: 4685:Mandala 4678:mandala 4643:mantras 4641:use of 4529:samadhi 4484:tantric 4377:sanriki 4369:shinjin 4272:samadhi 4221:maṇḍala 4173:In the 4119:chishin 4018:mantras 4010:hosshin 3931:hongaku 3652:Sources 3237:Kakuban 3048:Kyoto's 3040:Shikoku 2924:History 2874:hongaku 2869:mandala 2794:zhēnyán 2782:Chinese 2776:is the 2774:shingon 2739:Shingon 2680:Vietnam 2635:Myanmar 2550:Tibetan 2540:Chinese 2468:Nirvāṇa 2285:Saṃsāra 2280:Rebirth 2145:History 2134:Outline 2018:Tibetan 2013:Vietnam 1943:Hanshan 1918:Dolpopa 1868:Shinran 1798:Shandao 1793:Huineng 1763:Dignāga 1690:Tzu Chi 1655:Shingon 1635:Tiantai 1352:Buddhas 1334:Dharani 1124:Yab-Yum 918:Ngöndro 896:Thangka 875:Mandala 746:Pursuit 714:History 662:b, t, k 648:Tibetan 622:Chinese 440:Daimoku 400:Hongaku 395:Temples 385:Deities 322:Sakuden 232:Shinran 182:Shōtoku 114:Shingon 79:Jōjitsu 73:Schools 18:Shingon 13297:Modern 13277:Japan 13271:Tangmi 13267:China 13195:Tibet 13170:India 13146:Tendai 13142:Japan 13132:India 12922:Siddhi 12917:Yogini 12904:Tantra 12857:Dhauti 12810:Bandha 12805:Mudras 12778:Mantra 12761:Dhyana 12729:Niyama 12590:Chakra 12482:Sutras 12477:Suttas 12342:Siddhi 12327:Koliya 12302:Brahmā 12217:Poetry 12163:Mantra 12153:Kasaya 12025:Pagoda 12005:Kyaung 12000:Vihāra 11995:Temple 11937:Ethics 11780:Ashoka 11730:Sweden 11725:Poland 11720:Norway 11710:Mexico 11695:France 11680:Canada 11675:Brazil 11614:Africa 11594:Taiwan 11557:Russia 11482:Bhutan 11442:Vinaya 11322:Naropa 11312:Saraha 11247:Asanga 11003:Prajñā 10912:Refuge 10875:Nianfo 10836:Tertön 10831:Tantra 10816:Ganana 10806:Tukdam 10732:Dhyāna 10700:Mudita 10695:Karuṇā 10588:Risshū 10583:Huayan 10516:Naraka 10456:Anattā 10451:Dukkha 10446:Anicca 10351:Dharma 10303:Channa 10238:Ānanda 10223:Assaji 10190:Skanda 10093:(wife) 10062:Family 10042:Relics 9967:Sangha 9962:Dharma 9957:Buddha 9813:Tendai 9752:Saichō 9185: 9170: 9156: 9140: 9124: 9094: 9065: 8863:5 July 8764: 8696: 8171: 8110: 8079: 8021: 7752: 7514: 7160:Tangmi 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1998:Taiwan 1938:Hakuin 1908:Atisha 1903:Nāropā 1888:Virūpa 1838:Wohnyo 1818:Saichō 1808:Fazang 1743:Asanga 1645:Huayan 1640:Tendai 1156:Samaya 1114:Phurba 1107:Melong 1102:Ghanta 1097:Damaru 903:Yantra 882:Mantra 799:Tukdam 734:Sahaja 596:Yunnan 470:Kanjin 465:Kaichō 415:Gongen 327:Tenkai 297:Rennyo 247:Ninshō 197:Saichō 129:Rinzai 109:Tendai 89:Sanron 13477:Kūkai 13368:Props 13314:Asana 13239:Phowa 13234:Bardo 13229:Milam 13214:Tummo 13151:Zazen 12889:Tapas 12867:Basti 12862:Nauli 12832:Nyasa 12773:Kriyā 12734:Asana 12617:Prana 12454:Lists 12322:Kalpa 12317:Iddhi 12180:Music 12175:Mudra 12141:Vassa 12121:Vesak 12091:Budai 12037:Candi 12020:Stupa 11952:Logic 11705:Italy 11604:Tibet 11542:Nepal 11512:Korea 11507:Japan 11497:India 11492:China 11437:Sutra 11392:Texts 11342:Dōgen 11332:Hōnen 11317:Atiśa 11282:Zhiyi 11192:Achar 11160:Tulku 11155:Geshe 11140:Rōshi 11125:Ajahn 11080:Arhat 11040:Bodhi 11010:Vīrya 10927:Sacca 10922:Satya 10917:Sādhu 10905:Music 10848:Merit 10841:Terma 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