809:. In the extreme north and south of the species' range, nesting starts right after the rains end. In more central regions of the range, it may nest near the end of the wet season in order for the eggs to hatch around the beginning of the following wet season. Both parents engage in building the nest on a floating platform after clearing out an area of approximately 3 m (9.8 ft) across. The large, flattish nesting platform is often partially submerged in water and can be as much as 3 m (9.8 ft) deep. The nest itself is about 1 to 1.7 m (3.3 to 5.6 ft) wide. Both the nest and platform are made of aquatic vegetation. From one to three white eggs are laid. These eggs measure 80 to 90 mm (3.1 to 3.5 in) high by 56 to 61 mm (2.2 to 2.4 in) and weigh around 164 g (5.8 oz). Incubation lasts for approximately 30 days. Both parents actively brood, shade, guard and feed the nestling, though the females are perhaps slightly more attentive. Shoebills use their mandibles to cool their eggs with water during days with high temperatures around 30–33 °C (86–91 °F). They fill their mandible once, swallow the water, and fill another mandible full of water before proceeding back to their nest where they pour out the water and regurgitate the previously swallowed water onto both the nest and eggs. Food items are regurgitated whole from the gullet straight into the bill of the young. Shoebills rarely raise more than one chick but will hatch more. The younger chicks usually die and are intended as "back-ups" in case the eldest chick dies or is weak. Fledging is reached at around 105 days and the young birds can fly well by 112 days. However, they are still fed for possibly a month or more after this. It will take the young shoebills three years before they become fully sexually mature.
504:
467:
742:
between it and humans, this wader can be fairly tame. The shoebill is often attracted to poorly oxygenated waters such as swamps, marshes, and bogs where fish frequently surface to breathe. They also seem to exhibit migratory behaviors based upon differences in the surface water level. Immature shoebills abandon nesting sites which increased in the surface water level whereas adult shoebills abandon nesting sites which decreased in surface water level. It is suggested that both adult and immature shoebills prefer nesting sites with similar surface water levels. Exceptionally for a bird this large, the shoebill often stands and perches on floating vegetation, making them appear somewhat like a giant
925:) and 50 to 60 cm (20 to 24 in) long water snakes. In Uganda, lungfish and catfish were mainly fed to the young. Larger lungfish and catfish were taken in Malagarasi wetlands in western Tanzania. During this study, fish around 60 to 80 cm (24 to 31 in) were quite frequently taken and the largest fish caught by the shoebill was 99 cm long. Fish exceeding 60 cm were usually cut into sections and swallowed at intervals. The entire process from scooping to swallowing ranged from 2 to 30 minutes depending on prey size. However, these large prey are relatively hard to handle and often targeted by
767:
1024:). Habitat destruction and degradation, hunting, disturbance and illegal capture are all contributing factors to the decline of this species. Agriculture cultivation and pasture for cattle have also caused significant habitat loss. Indigenous communities that surround Shoebill habitats capture their eggs and chicks for human consumption and for trade. Frequent fires in southern Sudan and deliberate fires for grazing access contribute to habitat loss. Some swamps in Sudan are being drained for construction of a canal to control nearby waterways, causing more habitat loss.
3073:
673:. They are often found in areas of flood plain interspersed with undisturbed papyrus and reedbeds. When shoebill storks are in an area with deep water, a bed of floating vegetation is a requirement. They are also found where there is poorly oxygenated water. This causes the fish living in the water to surface for air more often, increasing the likelihood a shoebill stork will successfully capture it. The shoebill is non-migratory with limited seasonal movements due to habitat changes, food availability and disturbance by humans.
787:
255:
3704:
127:
85:
483:(or the measurement along the top of the upper mandible) is 18.8 to 24 cm (7.4 to 9.4 in), the third longest bill among extant birds after pelicans and large storks, and can outrival the pelicans in bill circumference, especially if the bill is considered as the hard, bony keratin portion. As in the pelicans, the upper mandible is strongly keeled, ending in a sharp nail. The dark coloured legs are fairly long, with a
53:
754:) is also known to stand on aquatic vegetation. Shoebills, being solitary, forage at 20 m (66 ft) or more from one another even where relatively densely populated. This species stalks its prey patiently, in a slow and lurking fashion. While hunting, the shoebill strides very slowly and is frequently motionless. Unlike some other large waders, this species hunts entirely using vision and is not known to engage in
332:
519:. The breast presents some elongated feathers, which have dark shafts. The juvenile has a similar plumage colour, but is a darker grey with a brown tinge. When they are first born, shoebills have a more modestly-sized bill, which is initially silvery-grey. The bill becomes more noticeably large when the chicks are 23 days old and becomes well developed by 43 days.
570:
558:, the shoebill flies with its neck retracted. Its flapping rate, at an estimated 150 flaps per minute, is one of the slowest of any bird, with the exception of the larger stork species. The pattern is alternating flapping and gliding cycles of approximately seven seconds each, putting its gliding distance somewhere between the larger storks and the
487:
length of 21.7 to 25.5 cm (8.5 to 10.0 in). The shoebill's feet are exceptionally large, with the middle toe reaching 16.8 to 18.5 cm (6.6 to 7.3 in) in length, likely assisting the species in its ability to stand on aquatic vegetation while hunting. The neck is relatively shorter
758:
hunting. When prey is spotted, it launches a quick violent strike. However, depending on the size of the prey, handling time after the strike can exceed 10 minutes. Around 60% of strikes yield prey. Frequently water and vegetation is snatched up during the strike and is spilled out from the edges of
474:
The shoebill is a tall bird, with a typical height range of 110 to 140 cm (43 to 55 in) and some specimens reaching as much as 152 cm (60 in). Length from tail to beak can range from 100 to 140 cm (39 to 55 in) and wingspan is 230 to 260 cm (7 ft 7 in to
404:
which lumped a massive number of unrelated taxa into their "Ciconiiformes". Based on osteological evidence, the suggestion of a pelecaniform affinity was made in 1957 by
Patricia Cottam. Microscopic analysis of eggshell structure by Konstantin Mikhailov in 1995 found that the eggshells of shoebills
1497:
Hackett, S.J.; Kimball, R.T.; Reddy, S.; Bowie, R.C.K.; Braun, E.L.; Braun, M.J.; Chojnowski, J.L.; Cox, W.A.; Han, K-L.; Harshman, J.; Huddleston, C.J.; Marks, B.D.; Miglia, K.J.; Moore, W.S.; Sheldon, F.H.; Steadman, D.W.; Witt, C.C.; Yuri, T. (2008). "A phylogenomic study of birds reveals their
741:
The shoebill is noted for its slow movements and tendency to stay still for long periods, resulting in descriptions of the species as "statue-like". They are quite sensitive to human disturbance and may abandon their nests if flushed by humans. However, while foraging, if dense vegetation stands
535:
as well as high-pitched whines. Both nestlings and adults engage in bill-clattering during the nesting season as a means of communication. When young are begging for food, they call out with a sound uncannily like human hiccups. In one case, a flying adult bird was heard uttering hoarse croaks,
945:. They are docile with humans and show no threatening behavior. Researchers were able to observe a bird on its nest at a close distance – within 2 meters (6 ft 7 in). Shoebills are often kept in zoos, but breeding is rarely reported. Shoebills have bred successfully at
475:
8 ft 6 in). Weight has reportedly ranged from 4 to 7 kg (8.8 to 15.4 lb). A male will weigh on average around 5.6 kg (12 lb) and is larger than a typical female of 4.9 kg (11 lb). The signature feature of the species is its huge, bulbous
725:. Although their distribution largely seems to correspond with the distribution of papyrus in central Africa, the species seems to avoid pure papyrus swamps and is often attracted to areas with mixed vegetation. More rarely, the species has been seen foraging in
576:
574:
571:
575:
566:). When flushed, shoebills usually try to fly no more than 100 to 500 m (330 to 1,640 ft). Long flights of the shoebill are rare, and only a few flights beyond its minimum foraging distance of 20 m (66 ft) have been recorded.
573:
812:
Shoebills are elusive when nesting, so cameras must be placed to observe them from afar to collect behavioral data. There is an advantage for birds that are early breeders, as the chicks are tended for a longer period.
1007:
individuals, the majority of which live in swamps in South Sudan, Uganda, eastern
Democratic Republic of the Congo, and Zambia. There is also a viable population in the Malagarasi wetlands in Tanzania.
805:, pelicans, and storks, which predominantly nest in colonies. The breeding pair of shoebills vigorously defends a territory of 2 to 4 km (0.77 to 1.54 sq mi) from
1388:
572:
503:
969:, in part due to its intimidating appearance and its tendency to stand still for long periods of time. One such example is a video of a shoebill standing in the rain whilst
912:
of Zambia, fish eaten by this species are commonly in the range of 15 to 50 cm (5.9 to 19.7 in). The main prey items fed to young by the parents were the catfish
908:
Given its sharp-edged beak, huge bill, and wide gape, the shoebill can hunt large prey, often targeting prey bigger than is taken by other large wading birds. In the
527:
The shoebill is normally silent, but they perform bill-clattering displays at the nest. When engaging in these displays, adult birds have also been noted to utter a
633:, a main stronghold for the species); it is also significant in wetlands of Uganda and western Tanzania. More isolated records have been reported of shoebills in
1020:, disturbance and hunting. The bird is listed under Appendix II of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (
801:
The solitary nature of shoebills extends to their breeding habits. Nests typically occur at less than three nests per square kilometre, unlike herons,
3130:
1360:
Mikhailov, Konstantin E. (1995). "Eggshell structure in the shoebill and pelecaniform birds: comparison with hamerkop, herons, ibises and storks".
3912:
3636:
2804:
3397:
3951:
409:
in having a covering of thick microglobular material over the crystalline shells. In 2003, the shoebill was again suggested as closer to the
1218:
3668:
3451:
3115:
3462:
3434:
3414:
3202:
2934:
1854:
Tomita, J.A.; Killmar, L.E.; Ball, R.; Rottman, L.A.; Kowitz, M. (2014). "Challenges and successes in the propagation of the
Shoebill
4044:
1431:
3886:
3181:
2487:
3925:
1549:
Smith, N.D.; Ksepka, D.T. (2015). "Five well-supported fossil calibrations within the "Waterbird" assemblage (Tetrapoda, Aves)".
466:
2303:
1228:
3930:
4049:
2290:
825:
but are assured predators of a considerable range of wetland vertebrates. Preferred prey species have reportedly included
2797:
2231:
1994:
Buxton, Lucinda; Slater, Jenny; Brown, Leslie H. (1978). "The breeding behaviour of the shoebill or whale-headed stork
987:
965:
Beginning in 2014 and with various interspersed surges of attention since then, the shoebill has become the subject of
4069:
2335:
2120:
1885:
Mullers, Ralf H. E.; Amar, Arjun (2015). "Parental nesting behavior, chick growth and breeding success of shoebills (
1714:
1307:
1125:
2205:
4064:
3072:
606:
3956:
347:
but was not classified until the 19th century, after skins and eventually live specimens were brought to Europe.
2790:
680:
4054:
2359:
John, Jasson; Nahonyo, Cuthbert; Lee, Woo; Msuya, Charles (March 2013). "Observations on nesting of shoebill
3703:
2782:
2480:
1786:
Acácio, Marta; Mullers, Ralf H. E.; Franco, Aldina M. A.; Willems, Frank J.; Amar, Arjun (4 August 2021).
3816:
3811:
1294:
1596:
1206:. Vol. 1 (2nd ed.). Cambridge, Massachusetts: Museum of Comparative Zoology. pp. 252–253.
1114:
417:(based on biochemical evidence). A 2008 DNA study reinforces their membership among the Pelecaniformes.
126:
1065:
3790:
3763:
389:
in compound words. Alternative common names are whalebill, shoe-billed stork and whale-headed stork.
359:. Gould provided a more detailed description in the following year. He placed the species in its own
17:
1761:
763:
may inadvertently benefit the shoebill, as submerged hippos occasionally force fish to the surface.
2265:
en latín), un ave de color gris del África tropical y oriental, lo que más destaca en la imagen de
1959:
638:
401:
2405:. Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Flora and Fauna. 14 October 2010
970:
4059:
2473:
1647:
3995:
665:
have also been sighted. The distribution of this species seems to largely coincide with that of
3917:
3798:
3725:
2582:
1009:
954:
3943:
1458:"A novel primary bile acid in the Shoebill stork and herons and its phylogenetic significance"
3990:
834:
766:
228:
3982:
2112:
1576:
Rich, P.V. (1972). "A fossil avifauna from the Upper
Miocene, Beglia Formation of Tunisia".
3860:
3803:
3772:
2441:
2376:
2066:
2038:
2007:
1799:
1656:
1615:
1507:
1407:
1253:
842:
755:
626:
597:
The shoebill is distributed in freshwater swamps of central tropical Africa, from southern
493:
1928:
552:
Its wings are held flat while soaring and, as in the pelicans and the storks of the genus
8:
2602:
2597:
2587:
1455:
1042:
1017:
74:
2445:
2380:
2144:
2070:
2033:
2011:
1803:
1731:
1660:
1619:
1511:
1411:
1257:
295:, is a large long-legged wading bird. It derives its name from its enormous shoe-shaped
2607:
2082:
2019:
1906:
1828:
1787:
1709:. London: Academic Press/Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Publishers. pp. 139–145, 305.
1531:
1423:
1269:
1183:
1013:
926:
914:
121:
89:
1474:
1457:
3977:
3834:
3263:
3150:
2814:
2592:
2453:
2341:
2331:
2324:
2299:
2295:
2190:
2126:
2116:
2100:
1833:
1815:
1710:
1523:
1479:
1303:
1224:
1121:
484:
356:
351:
very briefly described it in 1850 from the skin of a specimen collected on the upper
3777:
2105:
2086:
1910:
1427:
1302:. Vol. 1: Ostrich to Ducks. Barcelona, Spain: Lynx Edicions. pp. 466–471.
1201:
1167:
1145:
319:. The adult is mainly grey while the juveniles are more brown. It lives in tropical
3424:
2943:
2712:
2634:
2577:
2517:
2449:
2384:
2281:
2239:
2186:
2074:
2015:
1971:
1898:
1867:
1823:
1807:
1664:
1640:
1623:
1558:
1535:
1515:
1469:
1415:
1369:
1340:
1324:
1273:
1261:
1179:
1060:
941:
This species is considered to be one of the five most desirable birds in Africa by
909:
826:
786:
303:-like overall form and has previously been classified with the storks in the order
188:
3839:
3826:
4021:
3964:
3656:
2496:
2244:
2078:
982:
851:
666:
4008:
2402:
2173:
Muir, A.; King, C.E. (2013). "Management and husbandry guidelines for
Shoebills
2874:
2859:
2500:
1811:
985:. The shoebill also inspired the design of the Loftwing birds in the 2011 game
806:
795:
743:
654:
516:
497:
406:
316:
254:
178:
2257:
Pero por mucho que la forma del pico del ave esté inspirada en el picozapato (
4038:
3938:
3317:
3032:
2812:
2572:
1819:
1456:
Hagey, J. R.; Schteingart, C. D.; Ton-Nu, H.-T. & Hofmann, A. F. (2002).
1051:
966:
747:
559:
537:
480:
397:
367:
344:
304:
94:
2629:
2130:
1669:
1642:
1519:
3748:
3491:
3366:
3212:
3005:
2853:
2345:
1837:
1527:
1483:
1345:
1087:
974:
874:
760:
489:
441:
1643:"Hindlimb of a giant terrestrial bird from the Upper Eocene, Fayum, Egypt"
3969:
3899:
3757:
3645:
3547:
3404:
3359:
3352:
3243:
3139:
2995:
2983:
2952:
2913:
2822:
2676:
2521:
2285:
1902:
946:
942:
822:
726:
670:
662:
602:
554:
496:
length of 58.8 to 78 cm (23.1 to 30.7 in), and well-adapted to
320:
61:
2465:
4016:
3891:
3675:
3608:
3592:
3581:
3540:
3533:
3526:
3310:
3303:
3282:
3171:
2972:
2310:
Loftwings are modeled after birds called shoebills — Hiraoka, designer
1627:
1419:
1197:
1163:
1141:
791:
730:
715:
676:
458:
have features resembling those of the shoebill and the secretary bird.
454:
436:
352:
348:
244:
205:
65:
2388:
1871:
420:
So far, two fossilized relatives of the shoebill have been described:
3873:
3682:
3574:
3512:
3441:
3345:
3296:
3275:
3232:
3222:
3012:
2962:
2898:
2512:
1976:
1265:
898:
882:
802:
691:
much more to the north, in the wetlands that covered the present-day
422:
138:
3904:
3852:
3719:
1858:: with detailed observations from Tampa's Lowry Park Zoo, Florida".
1373:
1325:"The Pelecaniform characters of the skeleton of the Shoebill Stork,
1120:. Cairo, Egypt: American University in Cairo Press. pp. 25–26.
3878:
3742:
3625:
3618:
3601:
3557:
3505:
3482:
3381:
3338:
3331:
3324:
3289:
3252:
3191:
3023:
2841:
2818:
2763:
2754:
2708:
2428:
Guillet, A (1978). "Distribution and conservation of the
Shoebill (
1762:"Sahara - Algeria - Rock Art in Oued Derat and the Tefedest Region"
771:
710:
688:
658:
646:
642:
618:
581:
488:
and thicker than other long-legged wading birds such as herons and
445:
427:
336:
307:
based on this morphology. However, genetic evidence places it with
158:
1641:
Rasmussen, D. Tab; Simons, Elwyn L.; Hertel, F.; Judd, A. (2001).
52:
3785:
3564:
3519:
3498:
2923:
2742:
2664:
2563:
2551:
2513:
1562:
950:
902:
861:
856:
702:
684:
449:
410:
308:
3865:
705:. Almost all wetlands that attract the species have undisturbed
3471:
2835:
2707:
2232:"Traducción y paratraducción en la localización de videojuegos"
978:
894:
886:
695:
692:
650:
622:
614:
610:
528:
452:. It has been suggested that the enigmatic African fossil bird
148:
331:
4003:
3847:
3091:
3047:
2847:
2733:
2716:
2655:
2638:
2542:
2525:
1021:
890:
870:
775:
721:
634:
598:
585:
512:
479:, which is straw-coloured with erratic greyish markings. The
431:
414:
393:
374:
360:
312:
300:
111:
105:
35:
1788:"Changes in surface water drive the movements of Shoebills"
1034:
919:
866:
630:
476:
296:
168:
1785:
746:, although the similarly sized and occasionally sympatric
1853:
1496:
1333:
Bulletin of the
British Museum (Natural History) Zoology
981:, bringing a comparatively unknown species of bird into
2057:
foraging behaviour in the
Bangweulu Wetlands, Zambia".
1040:
1298:. In del Hoyo, J.; Elliott, A.; Sargatal, J. (eds.).
3664:
3614:
3570:
3553:
3447:
3430:
3420:
3410:
3393:
3271:
3228:
3218:
3208:
3198:
3187:
3177:
3167:
3127:
3111:
3001:
2991:
2968:
2958:
2910:
2894:
933:), which frequently steal large wading bird's prey.
511:
The plumage of adult birds is blue-grey with darker
2358:
1244:Feduccia, Alan (1977). "The whalebill is a stork".
701:The shoebill occurs in extensive, dense freshwater
2323:
2104:
1293:
1113:
1066:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22697583A133840708.en
2206:"Extinction, Climate Change and Shoebills Oh My!"
1993:
1704:
960:
4036:
2111:(1st ed.). New York: Random House. p.
2053:Mullers, Ralf HE; Amar, Arjun (2015). "Shoebill
1705:Hancock, J.A.; Kushan, J.A.; Kahl, M.P. (1992).
865:. Other prey eaten by this species has included
1578:Notes et mémoires du Service géologique (Tunis)
1172:Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London
536:apparently as a sign of aggression at a nearby
2321:
2280:
1849:
1847:
1597:"The phylogenetic affinities of the Shoebill (
1389:"The phylogenetic affinities of the Shoebill (
973:. These memes have since also appeared on the
2798:
2481:
1322:
1168:"On a new and remarkable form in ornithology"
687:, show that the shoebill occurred during the
1759:
1753:
1386:
1220:The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names
1196:
392:Traditionally considered as allied with the
323:in large swamps from South Sudan to Zambia.
2367:in Malagarasi wetlands, western Tanzania".
2229:
2099:
2093:
2052:
1884:
1844:
1700:
1548:
592:
339:to be the closest relative of the shoebill.
2805:
2791:
2488:
2474:
1707:Storks, Ibises and Spoonbills of the World
1698:
1696:
1694:
1692:
1690:
1688:
1686:
1684:
1682:
1680:
994:
253:
83:
51:
2495:
2326:A Field Guide to the Birds of East Africa
2243:
1989:
1987:
1975:
1827:
1668:
1473:
1359:
1344:
1064:
936:
413:(based on anatomical comparisons) or the
2172:
1243:
1223:. London: Christopher Helm. p. 66.
1111:
785:
765:
736:
568:
502:
465:
330:
2168:
2166:
2046:
1926:
1677:
1216:
999:The population is estimated at between
14:
4037:
2230:Yuste Frías, José (16 December 2014).
1984:
1957:
1922:
1920:
1889:) in the Bangweulu Wetlands, Zambia".
1291:
625:. The species is most numerous in the
3724:
3723:
3089:
2872:
2786:
2706:
2628:
2511:
2469:
2322:Williams, John G.; Arlott, N (1980).
2203:
1287:
1285:
1283:
1200:; Cottrell, G. William, eds. (1979).
1162:
1140:
2291:The Legend of Zelda: Hyrule Historia
2163:
1594:
1575:
1295:"Family Balaenicipitidae (Shoebill)"
343:The shoebill may have been known to
1917:
1729:
1052:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
24:
2873:
2421:
2330:(Rev. ed.). London: Collins.
2020:10.1111/j.1365-2028.1978.tb00440.x
1998:in the Bangweulu Swamps, Zambia".
1300:Handbook of the Birds of the World
1280:
1184:10.1111/j.1096-3642.1851.tb01123.x
988:The Legend of Zelda: Skyward Sword
25:
4081:
2461:
2204:Vidal, Nicholas (28 March 2023).
1964:Bulletin of the African Bird Club
859:, the latter mainly in the genus
547:
405:closely resembled those of other
335:Molecular studies have found the
30:"B. rex" redirects here. For the
4045:IUCN Red List vulnerable species
3702:
3071:
2191:10.1111/j.1748-1090.2012.00186.x
1203:Check-List of Birds of the World
629:and South Sudan (especially the
400:), it was retained there in the
373:. The genus name comes from the
125:
2395:
2352:
2315:
2274:
2223:
2197:
2137:
2026:
1951:
1929:"Kleptoparasitism of Shoebills
1927:John, Jasson; Lee, Woo (2019).
1878:
1779:
1723:
1634:
1588:
1569:
1542:
1490:
1449:
1380:
1353:
1316:
1041:BirdLife International (2018).
759:the mandibles. The activity of
1237:
1210:
1190:
1156:
1134:
1105:
1080:
961:Appearances in popular culture
492:. The wings are broad, with a
461:
13:
1:
1475:10.1016/S0022-2275(20)30109-7
1112:Houlihan, Patrick F. (1988).
1027:
2454:10.1016/0006-3207(78)90017-4
2269:no es su pico sino sus alas.
2245:10.5007/1980-4237.2014n15p61
2079:10.2989/00306525.2014.977364
2034:"Balaeniceps rex (Shoebill)"
1016:with the main threats being
905:have reportedly been eaten.
7:
4050:Birds of Sub-Saharan Africa
1941:Tanzania Journal of Science
1362:Canadian Journal of Zoology
781:
326:
10:
4086:
2637:: Balaenicipitidae ·
2432:) in the Southern Sudan".
2403:"Appendices I, II and III"
2369:African Journal of Ecology
2179:International Zoo Yearbook
2000:African Journal of Ecology
1860:International Zoo Yearbook
1812:10.1038/s41598-021-95093-5
1551:Palaeontologia Electronica
1217:Jobling, James A. (2010).
1116:The Birds of Ancient Egypt
29:
3732:
3698:
3655:
3635:
3591:
3481:
3461:
3389:
3380:
3262:
3242:
3158:
3149:
3126:
3102:
3098:
3090:
3085:
3068:
3046:
3022:
2982:
2942:
2933:
2909:
2885:
2881:
2868:
2830:
2752:
2732:
2728:
2702:
2674:
2654:
2650:
2624:
2561:
2541:
2537:
2507:
1958:Collar, Nigel J. (1994).
1462:Journal of Lipid Research
1059:: e.T22697583A133840708.
605:through parts of eastern
355:by the English traveller
261:
252:
234:
227:
122:Scientific classification
120:
103:
81:
72:
59:
50:
45:
4070:Taxa named by John Gould
2825:and their extinct allies
1400:Journal für Ornithologie
1146:"Scientific: Zoological"
653:. Vagrant strays to the
639:Central African Republic
593:Distribution and habitat
542:Leptoptilos crumeniferus
522:
402:Sibley-Ahlquist taxonomy
264:
4065:Birds described in 1850
2434:Biological Conservation
2238:(in Spanish) (15): 72.
1933:by African Fish Eagles
1670:10.1111/1475-4983.00182
1520:10.1126/science.1157704
1498:evolutionary history".
995:Status and conservation
971:staring into the camera
831:Protopterus aethiopicus
816:
770:A shoebill standing at
385:"head", abbreviated to
2583:American white pelican
2365:Bugeranus carunculatus
2151:. Animal Diversity Web
1608:Journal of Ornithology
1346:10.5962/bhl.part.11718
1323:Cottam, P. A. (1957).
1010:BirdLife International
955:Tampa's Lowry Park Zoo
937:Relationship to humans
821:Shoebills are largely
798:
790:A sitting shoebill in
778:
589:
508:
471:
340:
3991:Paleobiology Database
2236:Scientia Traductionis
1760:Oeschger, E. (2004).
1387:Mayr, Gerald (2003).
1012:has classified it as
885:. More rarely, small
839:Protopterus annectens
789:
769:
737:Behaviour and ecology
579:
506:
469:
334:
283:), also known as the
4055:Birds of East Africa
2039:Animal Diversity Web
1937:in Western Tanzania"
1903:10.1675/063.038.0102
1740:Animal Diversity Web
1437:on 29 September 2018
1088:"Appendices | CITES"
847:Polypterus senegalus
627:West Nile sub-region
299:. It has a somewhat
2603:Spot-billed pelican
2598:Pink-backed pelican
2588:Great white pelican
2446:1978BCons..13...39G
2381:2013AfJEc..51..184J
2288:(29 January 2013).
2071:2015Ostri..86..113M
2012:1978AfJEc..16..201B
1935:Icthyophaga vocifer
1804:2021NatSR..1115796A
1661:2001Palgy..44..325R
1620:2003JOrni.144..157M
1512:2008Sci...320.1763H
1506:(5884): 1763–1767.
1412:2003JOrni.144..157M
1292:Elliot, A. (1992).
1258:1977Natur.266..719F
1018:habitat destruction
931:Icthyophaga vocifer
923:C. mossambicus
75:Conservation status
2715:: Scopidae ·
2608:Australian pelican
2363:and wattled crane
2101:Matthiessen, Peter
1792:Scientific Reports
1628:10.1007/BF02465644
1420:10.1007/BF02465644
927:African fish eagle
915:Clarias gariepinus
799:
779:
590:
580:A shoebill at the
509:
472:
341:
289:whale-headed stork
4032:
4031:
3978:Open Tree of Life
3726:Taxon identifiers
3717:
3716:
3713:
3712:
3696:
3695:
3692:
3691:
3376:
3375:
3264:Threskiornithinae
3151:Threskiornithidae
3081:
3080:
3066:
3065:
3042:
3041:
2780:
2779:
2776:
2775:
2772:
2771:
2698:
2697:
2694:
2693:
2620:
2619:
2616:
2615:
2593:Dalmatian pelican
2389:10.1111/aje.12023
2305:978-1-6165-5041-7
2282:Miyamoto, Shigeru
1872:10.1111/izy.12038
1595:Mayr, G. (2003).
1252:(5604): 719–720.
1230:978-1-4081-2501-4
879:Varanus niloticus
577:
357:Mansfield Parkyns
345:Ancient Egyptians
293:shoe-billed stork
271:
270:
266: range
209:
115:
98:
16:(Redirected from
4077:
4025:
4024:
4012:
4011:
3999:
3998:
3986:
3985:
3973:
3972:
3960:
3959:
3947:
3946:
3934:
3933:
3921:
3920:
3908:
3907:
3895:
3894:
3882:
3881:
3869:
3868:
3856:
3855:
3843:
3842:
3830:
3829:
3820:
3819:
3807:
3806:
3794:
3793:
3791:47C7FDFD96162AC1
3781:
3780:
3768:
3767:
3766:
3753:
3752:
3751:
3721:
3720:
3708:
3706:
3666:
3616:
3572:
3555:
3449:
3432:
3422:
3412:
3395:
3387:
3386:
3273:
3230:
3220:
3210:
3200:
3189:
3179:
3169:
3156:
3155:
3129:
3113:
3100:
3099:
3087:
3086:
3076:
3075:
3003:
2993:
2970:
2960:
2944:Balaenicipitidae
2940:
2939:
2912:
2896:
2883:
2882:
2870:
2869:
2807:
2800:
2793:
2784:
2783:
2730:
2729:
2704:
2703:
2652:
2651:
2626:
2625:
2578:Peruvian pelican
2539:
2538:
2509:
2508:
2490:
2483:
2476:
2467:
2466:
2457:
2415:
2414:
2412:
2410:
2399:
2393:
2392:
2356:
2350:
2349:
2329:
2319:
2313:
2312:
2278:
2272:
2271:
2254:
2252:
2247:
2227:
2221:
2220:
2218:
2216:
2201:
2195:
2194:
2170:
2161:
2160:
2158:
2156:
2141:
2135:
2134:
2110:
2107:African Silences
2097:
2091:
2090:
2065:(1–2): 113–118.
2050:
2044:
2043:
2030:
2024:
2023:
1991:
1982:
1981:
1979:
1977:10.5962/p.308857
1955:
1949:
1948:
1924:
1915:
1914:
1882:
1876:
1875:
1851:
1842:
1841:
1831:
1783:
1777:
1776:
1766:
1757:
1751:
1750:
1748:
1746:
1730:Steffen, Angie.
1727:
1721:
1720:
1702:
1675:
1674:
1672:
1638:
1632:
1631:
1605:
1592:
1586:
1585:
1573:
1567:
1566:
1546:
1540:
1539:
1494:
1488:
1487:
1477:
1453:
1447:
1446:
1444:
1442:
1436:
1430:. Archived from
1397:
1384:
1378:
1377:
1357:
1351:
1350:
1348:
1320:
1314:
1313:
1297:
1289:
1278:
1277:
1266:10.1038/266719a0
1241:
1235:
1234:
1214:
1208:
1207:
1194:
1188:
1187:
1160:
1154:
1153:
1138:
1132:
1131:
1119:
1109:
1103:
1102:
1100:
1098:
1084:
1078:
1077:
1075:
1073:
1068:
1038:
1006:
1002:
910:Bangweulu Swamps
835:African lungfish
827:marbled lungfish
645:, south-western
578:
267:
265:
257:
240:
204:
189:Balaenicipitidae
130:
129:
109:
92:
87:
86:
55:
43:
42:
21:
4085:
4084:
4080:
4079:
4078:
4076:
4075:
4074:
4035:
4034:
4033:
4028:
4022:Balaeniceps-rex
4020:
4015:
4007:
4002:
3994:
3989:
3981:
3976:
3968:
3965:Observation.org
3963:
3955:
3950:
3942:
3937:
3929:
3924:
3916:
3911:
3903:
3898:
3890:
3885:
3877:
3872:
3864:
3859:
3851:
3846:
3838:
3833:
3825:
3823:
3815:
3810:
3802:
3797:
3789:
3784:
3776:
3771:
3764:Balaeniceps rex
3762:
3761:
3756:
3747:
3746:
3741:
3734:Balaeniceps rex
3728:
3718:
3709:
3700:
3688:
3657:Tigriornithinae
3651:
3631:
3587:
3477:
3457:
3372:
3258:
3238:
3145:
3122:
3094:
3077:
3070:
3062:
3038:
3018:
2978:
2929:
2905:
2877:
2864:
2826:
2811:
2781:
2768:
2748:
2724:
2690:
2670:
2646:
2612:
2557:
2533:
2503:
2494:
2464:
2430:Balaeniceps rex
2427:
2424:
2422:Further reading
2419:
2418:
2408:
2406:
2401:
2400:
2396:
2361:Balaeniceps rex
2357:
2353:
2338:
2320:
2316:
2306:
2279:
2275:
2263:balaeniceps rex
2250:
2248:
2228:
2224:
2214:
2212:
2210:The Montclarion
2202:
2198:
2177:in captivity".
2175:Balaeniceps rex
2171:
2164:
2154:
2152:
2147:Balaeniceps rex
2143:
2142:
2138:
2123:
2098:
2094:
2055:Balaeniceps rex
2051:
2047:
2032:
2031:
2027:
1996:Balaeniceps rex
1992:
1985:
1956:
1952:
1931:Balaeniceps rex
1925:
1918:
1887:Balaeniceps rex
1883:
1879:
1856:Balaeniceps rex
1852:
1845:
1784:
1780:
1764:
1758:
1754:
1744:
1742:
1734:Balaeniceps rex
1728:
1724:
1717:
1703:
1678:
1639:
1635:
1603:
1599:Balaeniceps rex
1593:
1589:
1574:
1570:
1547:
1543:
1495:
1491:
1454:
1450:
1440:
1438:
1434:
1395:
1391:Balaeniceps rex
1385:
1381:
1374:10.1139/z95-207
1358:
1354:
1327:Balaeniceps rex
1321:
1317:
1310:
1290:
1281:
1242:
1238:
1231:
1215:
1211:
1195:
1191:
1161:
1157:
1139:
1135:
1128:
1110:
1106:
1096:
1094:
1086:
1085:
1081:
1071:
1069:
1045:Balaeniceps rex
1039:
1035:
1030:
1004:
1000:
997:
983:popular culture
963:
939:
819:
784:
739:
707:Cyperus papyrus
595:
569:
550:
525:
517:flight feathers
464:
428:Early Oligocene
371:Balaeniceps rex
366:and coined the
329:
280:Balaeniceps rex
263:
262:
248:
242:
238:Balaeniceps rex
236:
223:
203:
124:
116:
99:
88:
84:
77:
39:
28:
27:Species of bird
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4083:
4073:
4072:
4067:
4062:
4060:Pelecaniformes
4057:
4052:
4047:
4030:
4029:
4027:
4026:
4013:
4000:
3987:
3974:
3961:
3948:
3935:
3922:
3909:
3896:
3883:
3870:
3857:
3844:
3831:
3821:
3808:
3795:
3782:
3769:
3754:
3738:
3736:
3730:
3729:
3715:
3714:
3711:
3710:
3699:
3697:
3694:
3693:
3690:
3689:
3687:
3686:
3679:
3672:
3661:
3659:
3653:
3652:
3650:
3649:
3641:
3639:
3633:
3632:
3630:
3629:
3622:
3612:
3605:
3597:
3595:
3589:
3588:
3586:
3585:
3578:
3568:
3561:
3551:
3544:
3537:
3530:
3523:
3516:
3509:
3502:
3495:
3487:
3485:
3479:
3478:
3476:
3475:
3467:
3465:
3459:
3458:
3456:
3455:
3445:
3438:
3428:
3418:
3408:
3401:
3390:
3384:
3378:
3377:
3374:
3373:
3371:
3370:
3363:
3356:
3349:
3342:
3335:
3328:
3321:
3314:
3307:
3300:
3293:
3286:
3279:
3268:
3266:
3260:
3259:
3257:
3256:
3248:
3246:
3240:
3239:
3237:
3236:
3226:
3216:
3206:
3196:
3185:
3175:
3164:
3162:
3160:incertae sedis
3153:
3147:
3146:
3144:
3143:
3135:
3133:
3131:Xenerodiopidae
3124:
3123:
3121:
3120:
3108:
3106:
3104:incertae sedis
3096:
3095:
3083:
3082:
3079:
3078:
3069:
3067:
3064:
3063:
3061:
3060:
3059:
3058:
3052:
3050:
3044:
3043:
3040:
3039:
3037:
3036:
3028:
3026:
3020:
3019:
3017:
3016:
3009:
2999:
2988:
2986:
2980:
2979:
2977:
2976:
2966:
2956:
2948:
2946:
2937:
2931:
2930:
2928:
2927:
2919:
2917:
2907:
2906:
2904:
2903:
2891:
2889:
2887:incertae sedis
2879:
2878:
2875:Pelecaniformes
2866:
2865:
2863:
2862:
2860:Pelecaniformes
2856:
2850:
2844:
2838:
2831:
2828:
2827:
2810:
2809:
2802:
2795:
2787:
2778:
2777:
2774:
2773:
2770:
2769:
2767:
2766:
2760:
2758:
2750:
2749:
2747:
2746:
2738:
2736:
2726:
2725:
2700:
2699:
2696:
2695:
2692:
2691:
2689:
2688:
2682:
2680:
2672:
2671:
2669:
2668:
2660:
2658:
2648:
2647:
2622:
2621:
2618:
2617:
2614:
2613:
2611:
2610:
2605:
2600:
2595:
2590:
2585:
2580:
2575:
2569:
2567:
2559:
2558:
2556:
2555:
2547:
2545:
2535:
2534:
2505:
2504:
2501:Pelecaniformes
2493:
2492:
2485:
2478:
2470:
2463:
2462:External links
2460:
2459:
2458:
2423:
2420:
2417:
2416:
2394:
2375:(1): 184–187.
2351:
2336:
2314:
2304:
2273:
2222:
2196:
2185:(1): 181–189.
2162:
2136:
2121:
2092:
2045:
2025:
2006:(3): 201–220.
1983:
1960:"The Shoebill"
1950:
1916:
1877:
1843:
1778:
1752:
1722:
1715:
1676:
1655:(2): 325–337.
1633:
1614:(2): 157–175.
1587:
1568:
1541:
1489:
1448:
1406:(2): 157–175.
1379:
1368:(9): 1754–70.
1352:
1315:
1308:
1279:
1236:
1229:
1209:
1189:
1155:
1133:
1126:
1104:
1079:
1032:
1031:
1029:
1026:
996:
993:
967:internet memes
962:
959:
938:
935:
843:Senegal bichir
818:
815:
796:Czech Republic
783:
780:
738:
735:
698:at that time.
689:Early Holocene
661:and the upper
655:Okavango Basin
594:
591:
564:Vultur gryphus
549:
548:Flight pattern
546:
524:
521:
481:exposed culmen
463:
460:
407:Pelecaniformes
328:
325:
317:Pelecaniformes
269:
268:
259:
258:
250:
249:
243:
232:
231:
225:
224:
217:
215:
211:
210:
196:
192:
191:
186:
182:
181:
179:Pelecaniformes
176:
172:
171:
166:
162:
161:
156:
152:
151:
146:
142:
141:
136:
132:
131:
118:
117:
104:
101:
100:
82:
79:
78:
73:
70:
69:
57:
56:
48:
47:
34:specimen, see
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4082:
4071:
4068:
4066:
4063:
4061:
4058:
4056:
4053:
4051:
4048:
4046:
4043:
4042:
4040:
4023:
4018:
4014:
4010:
4005:
4001:
3997:
3992:
3988:
3984:
3979:
3975:
3971:
3966:
3962:
3958:
3953:
3949:
3945:
3940:
3936:
3932:
3927:
3923:
3919:
3914:
3910:
3906:
3901:
3897:
3893:
3888:
3884:
3880:
3875:
3871:
3867:
3862:
3858:
3854:
3849:
3845:
3841:
3836:
3832:
3828:
3822:
3818:
3813:
3809:
3805:
3800:
3796:
3792:
3787:
3783:
3779:
3774:
3770:
3765:
3759:
3755:
3750:
3744:
3740:
3739:
3737:
3735:
3731:
3727:
3722:
3707:
3705:
3685:
3684:
3680:
3678:
3677:
3673:
3671:
3670:
3663:
3662:
3660:
3658:
3654:
3648:
3647:
3643:
3642:
3640:
3638:
3637:Cochleariinae
3634:
3628:
3627:
3623:
3621:
3620:
3613:
3611:
3610:
3606:
3604:
3603:
3599:
3598:
3596:
3594:
3590:
3584:
3583:
3579:
3577:
3576:
3569:
3567:
3566:
3562:
3560:
3559:
3552:
3550:
3549:
3545:
3543:
3542:
3538:
3536:
3535:
3531:
3529:
3528:
3524:
3522:
3521:
3517:
3515:
3514:
3510:
3508:
3507:
3503:
3501:
3500:
3496:
3494:
3493:
3489:
3488:
3486:
3484:
3480:
3474:
3473:
3469:
3468:
3466:
3464:
3460:
3454:
3453:
3446:
3444:
3443:
3439:
3437:
3436:
3429:
3427:
3426:
3419:
3417:
3416:
3409:
3407:
3406:
3402:
3400:
3399:
3392:
3391:
3388:
3385:
3383:
3379:
3369:
3368:
3364:
3362:
3361:
3357:
3355:
3354:
3350:
3348:
3347:
3343:
3341:
3340:
3336:
3334:
3333:
3329:
3327:
3326:
3322:
3320:
3319:
3318:Mesembrinibis
3315:
3313:
3312:
3308:
3306:
3305:
3301:
3299:
3298:
3294:
3292:
3291:
3287:
3285:
3284:
3280:
3278:
3277:
3270:
3269:
3267:
3265:
3261:
3255:
3254:
3250:
3249:
3247:
3245:
3241:
3235:
3234:
3227:
3225:
3224:
3217:
3215:
3214:
3207:
3205:
3204:
3197:
3194:
3193:
3186:
3184:
3183:
3176:
3174:
3173:
3166:
3165:
3163:
3161:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3148:
3142:
3141:
3137:
3136:
3134:
3132:
3125:
3118:
3117:
3110:
3109:
3107:
3105:
3101:
3097:
3093:
3088:
3084:
3074:
3056:
3055:
3054:
3053:
3051:
3049:
3045:
3035:
3034:
3030:
3029:
3027:
3025:
3021:
3015:
3014:
3010:
3008:
3007:
3000:
2998:
2997:
2990:
2989:
2987:
2985:
2981:
2975:
2974:
2967:
2965:
2964:
2957:
2955:
2954:
2950:
2949:
2947:
2945:
2941:
2938:
2936:
2932:
2926:
2925:
2921:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2908:
2901:
2900:
2893:
2892:
2890:
2888:
2884:
2880:
2876:
2871:
2867:
2861:
2857:
2855:
2851:
2849:
2845:
2843:
2839:
2837:
2833:
2832:
2829:
2824:
2820:
2816:
2808:
2803:
2801:
2796:
2794:
2789:
2788:
2785:
2765:
2762:
2761:
2759:
2757:
2756:
2751:
2745:
2744:
2740:
2739:
2737:
2735:
2731:
2727:
2722:
2718:
2714:
2710:
2705:
2701:
2687:
2684:
2683:
2681:
2679:
2678:
2673:
2667:
2666:
2662:
2661:
2659:
2657:
2653:
2649:
2644:
2640:
2636:
2632:
2627:
2623:
2609:
2606:
2604:
2601:
2599:
2596:
2594:
2591:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2581:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2573:Brown pelican
2571:
2570:
2568:
2566:
2565:
2560:
2554:
2553:
2549:
2548:
2546:
2544:
2540:
2536:
2531:
2527:
2523:
2519:
2515:
2510:
2506:
2502:
2498:
2491:
2486:
2484:
2479:
2477:
2472:
2471:
2468:
2455:
2451:
2447:
2443:
2439:
2435:
2431:
2426:
2425:
2404:
2398:
2390:
2386:
2382:
2378:
2374:
2370:
2366:
2362:
2355:
2347:
2343:
2339:
2337:0-00-219179-2
2333:
2328:
2327:
2318:
2311:
2307:
2301:
2298:. p. 9.
2297:
2293:
2292:
2287:
2283:
2277:
2270:
2268:
2264:
2260:
2246:
2241:
2237:
2233:
2226:
2211:
2207:
2200:
2192:
2188:
2184:
2180:
2176:
2169:
2167:
2150:
2148:
2140:
2132:
2128:
2124:
2122:0-679-40021-4
2118:
2114:
2109:
2108:
2102:
2096:
2088:
2084:
2080:
2076:
2072:
2068:
2064:
2060:
2056:
2049:
2041:
2040:
2035:
2029:
2021:
2017:
2013:
2009:
2005:
2001:
1997:
1990:
1988:
1978:
1973:
1969:
1965:
1961:
1954:
1947:(2): 131–143.
1946:
1942:
1938:
1936:
1932:
1923:
1921:
1912:
1908:
1904:
1900:
1896:
1892:
1888:
1881:
1873:
1869:
1865:
1861:
1857:
1850:
1848:
1839:
1835:
1830:
1825:
1821:
1817:
1813:
1809:
1805:
1801:
1797:
1793:
1789:
1782:
1774:
1770:
1763:
1756:
1741:
1737:
1735:
1726:
1718:
1716:0-12-322730-5
1712:
1708:
1701:
1699:
1697:
1695:
1693:
1691:
1689:
1687:
1685:
1683:
1681:
1671:
1666:
1662:
1658:
1654:
1650:
1649:
1648:Palaeontology
1644:
1637:
1629:
1625:
1621:
1617:
1613:
1609:
1602:
1600:
1591:
1583:
1579:
1572:
1564:
1560:
1556:
1552:
1545:
1537:
1533:
1529:
1525:
1521:
1517:
1513:
1509:
1505:
1501:
1493:
1485:
1481:
1476:
1471:
1468:(5): 685–90.
1467:
1463:
1459:
1452:
1433:
1429:
1425:
1421:
1417:
1413:
1409:
1405:
1401:
1394:
1392:
1383:
1375:
1371:
1367:
1363:
1356:
1347:
1342:
1338:
1334:
1330:
1328:
1319:
1311:
1309:84-87334-10-5
1305:
1301:
1296:
1288:
1286:
1284:
1275:
1271:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1251:
1247:
1240:
1232:
1226:
1222:
1221:
1213:
1205:
1204:
1199:
1193:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1159:
1152:(1207): 1315.
1151:
1147:
1143:
1137:
1129:
1127:9789774241857
1123:
1118:
1117:
1108:
1093:
1089:
1083:
1067:
1062:
1058:
1054:
1053:
1048:
1046:
1037:
1033:
1025:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1011:
992:
990:
989:
984:
980:
976:
972:
968:
958:
956:
952:
948:
944:
934:
932:
928:
924:
921:
917:
916:
911:
906:
904:
900:
896:
892:
888:
884:
880:
876:
875:Nile monitors
872:
868:
864:
863:
858:
854:
853:
848:
844:
840:
836:
832:
828:
824:
814:
810:
808:
804:
797:
793:
788:
777:
773:
768:
764:
762:
757:
753:
752:Ardea goliath
749:
748:Goliath heron
745:
734:
732:
728:
724:
723:
718:
717:
712:
708:
704:
699:
697:
694:
690:
686:
682:
678:
674:
672:
668:
664:
660:
656:
652:
648:
644:
640:
636:
632:
628:
624:
621:and northern
620:
616:
612:
608:
604:
600:
587:
583:
567:
565:
561:
560:Andean condor
557:
556:
545:
543:
539:
538:marabou stork
534:
530:
520:
518:
514:
505:
501:
499:
495:
491:
486:
482:
478:
468:
459:
457:
456:
451:
447:
443:
439:
438:
433:
429:
425:
424:
418:
416:
412:
408:
403:
399:
398:Ciconiiformes
395:
390:
388:
384:
381:"whale", and
380:
376:
372:
369:
368:binomial name
365:
362:
358:
354:
350:
346:
338:
333:
324:
322:
318:
314:
310:
306:
305:Ciconiiformes
302:
298:
294:
290:
286:
282:
281:
276:
260:
256:
251:
246:
241:
239:
233:
230:
229:Binomial name
226:
222:
221:
216:
213:
212:
207:
202:
201:
197:
194:
193:
190:
187:
184:
183:
180:
177:
174:
173:
170:
167:
164:
163:
160:
157:
154:
153:
150:
147:
144:
143:
140:
137:
134:
133:
128:
123:
119:
113:
107:
102:
96:
91:
80:
76:
71:
67:
63:
58:
54:
49:
44:
41:
37:
33:
32:Tyrannosaurus
19:
3733:
3701:
3681:
3674:
3667:
3644:
3624:
3617:
3607:
3600:
3580:
3573:
3563:
3556:
3546:
3539:
3532:
3525:
3518:
3511:
3504:
3497:
3490:
3470:
3450:
3440:
3433:
3423:
3413:
3403:
3398:Ardeagrandis
3396:
3367:Threskiornis
3365:
3358:
3351:
3344:
3337:
3330:
3323:
3316:
3309:
3302:
3295:
3288:
3281:
3274:
3251:
3231:
3221:
3213:Rhynchaeites
3211:
3201:
3190:
3180:
3170:
3159:
3138:
3114:
3103:
3031:
3011:
3006:Miopelecanus
3004:
2994:
2971:
2961:
2951:
2922:
2897:
2886:
2854:Aequornithes
2753:
2741:
2720:
2685:
2675:
2663:
2642:
2630:
2562:
2550:
2529:
2440:(1): 39–50.
2437:
2433:
2429:
2407:. Retrieved
2397:
2372:
2368:
2364:
2360:
2354:
2325:
2317:
2309:
2289:
2286:Aonuma, Eiji
2276:
2266:
2262:
2258:
2256:
2249:. Retrieved
2235:
2225:
2215:14 September
2213:. Retrieved
2209:
2199:
2182:
2178:
2174:
2153:. Retrieved
2146:
2139:
2106:
2095:
2062:
2058:
2054:
2048:
2037:
2028:
2003:
1999:
1995:
1970:(1): 18–20.
1967:
1963:
1953:
1944:
1940:
1934:
1930:
1894:
1890:
1886:
1880:
1866:(1): 69–82.
1863:
1859:
1855:
1798:(1): 15796.
1795:
1791:
1781:
1772:
1768:
1755:
1743:. Retrieved
1739:
1733:
1725:
1706:
1652:
1646:
1636:
1611:
1607:
1598:
1590:
1581:
1577:
1571:
1563:10.26879/483
1554:
1550:
1544:
1503:
1499:
1492:
1465:
1461:
1451:
1439:. Retrieved
1432:the original
1403:
1399:
1390:
1382:
1365:
1361:
1355:
1336:
1332:
1326:
1318:
1299:
1249:
1245:
1239:
1219:
1212:
1202:
1192:
1178:(219): 1–2.
1175:
1171:
1158:
1149:
1136:
1115:
1107:
1095:. Retrieved
1091:
1082:
1070:. Retrieved
1056:
1050:
1044:
1036:
998:
986:
975:social media
964:
957:in Florida.
943:birdwatchers
940:
930:
922:
913:
907:
878:
860:
855:species and
850:
846:
838:
830:
820:
811:
807:conspecifics
800:
761:hippopotamus
751:
740:
729:and flooded
720:
714:
706:
700:
675:
596:
563:
553:
551:
541:
532:
526:
510:
473:
453:
442:Late Miocene
435:
421:
419:
391:
386:
382:
378:
370:
363:
342:
292:
288:
284:
279:
278:
274:
272:
237:
235:
219:
218:
199:
198:
40:
31:
3900:iNaturalist
3778:Balaeniceps
3758:Wikispecies
3646:Cochlearius
3548:Pilherodius
3405:Calherodius
3360:Theristicus
3353:Thaumatibis
3244:Plataleinae
3140:Xenerodiops
3057:See below ↓
2996:Eopelecanus
2984:Pelecanidae
2953:Balaeniceps
2914:Torotigidae
2677:Balaeniceps
2643:Balaeniceps
2522:Pelecanidae
2409:20 December
2261:en inglés,
2149:(shoebill)"
1736:(shoebill)"
1557:(1): 1–21.
1198:Mayr, Ernst
1164:Gould, John
1142:Gould, John
1072:12 November
947:Pairi Daiza
881:) and baby
849:), various
823:piscivorous
731:plantations
727:rice fields
681:Oued Djerat
677:Petroglyphs
663:Congo River
641:, northern
603:South Sudan
555:Leptoptilos
462:Description
364:Balaeniceps
321:East Africa
220:B. rex
200:Balaeniceps
108:Appendix II
62:Pairi Daiza
4039:Categories
4017:Xeno-canto
3676:Tigriornis
3669:Taphophoyx
3609:Ixobrychus
3593:Botaurinae
3582:Zonerodius
3541:Nyctanassa
3534:Nycticorax
3527:Gorsachius
3452:Proardeola
3311:Lophotibis
3304:Geronticus
3283:Bostrychia
3172:Gerandibis
3116:Ardeacites
2973:Paludiavis
2813:Genera of
2296:Dark Horse
2251:28 January
1897:(1): 1–9.
1891:Waterbirds
1097:14 January
1028:References
1014:Vulnerable
883:crocodiles
803:cormorants
792:Prague Zoo
716:Phragmites
683:, eastern
617:, western
494:wing chord
455:Eremopezus
437:Paludiavis
353:White Nile
349:John Gould
90:Vulnerable
68:, Belgium
66:Brugelette
3683:Tigrisoma
3575:Zeltornis
3513:Butorides
3463:Agamiinae
3442:Oroanassa
3435:Nyctisoma
3415:Eoceornis
3346:Pseudibis
3297:Eudocimus
3276:Apteribis
3233:Xenicibis
3223:Vadaravis
3013:Pelecanus
2963:Goliathia
2899:Cladornis
2834:Kingdom:
2564:Pelecanus
2530:Pelecanus
1820:2045-2322
1769:Adoranten
1441:21 August
1339:: 49–72.
1150:Athenaeum
1092:cites.org
977:platform
899:waterfowl
711:reed beds
507:The skull
440:from the
426:from the
423:Goliathia
285:whalebill
214:Species:
145:Kingdom:
139:Eukaryota
46:Shoebill
18:Shoebills
4004:Species+
3944:22697583
3918:11279235
3804:22697583
3799:BirdLife
3743:Wikidata
3626:Zebrilus
3619:Pikaihao
3602:Botaurus
3558:Proardea
3506:Bubulcus
3483:Ardeinae
3382:Ardeidae
3339:Plegadis
3332:Phimosus
3325:Nipponia
3290:Cercibis
3253:Platalea
3203:Protibis
3192:Mopsitta
3024:Scopidae
2935:Pelecani
2842:Chordata
2840:Phylum:
2836:Animalia
2823:pelicans
2764:Hamerkop
2709:Hamerkop
2686:Shoebill
2631:Shoebill
2514:Pelicans
2267:Loftwing
2259:Shoebill
2131:22707869
2103:(1991).
2087:84194123
1911:84828980
1838:34349159
1584:: 29–66.
1528:18583609
1484:11971938
1428:36046887
1166:(1851).
1144:(1850).
897:, small
869:, water
782:Breeding
772:Ueno Zoo
671:lungfish
659:Botswana
647:Ethiopia
643:Cameroon
619:Tanzania
582:Ueno Zoo
470:Shoebill
446:Pakistan
411:pelicans
337:hamerkop
327:Taxonomy
309:pelicans
275:shoebill
185:Family:
159:Chordata
155:Phylum:
149:Animalia
135:Domain:
95:IUCN 3.1
3892:2480347
3866:1049385
3853:shoebi1
3827:shoebi1
3786:Avibase
3565:Syrigma
3520:Egretta
3499:Ardeola
2924:Torotix
2858:Order:
2852:Clade:
2846:Class:
2743:Species
2665:Species
2552:Species
2524:·
2442:Bibcode
2377:Bibcode
2346:7649557
2155:2 March
2067:Bibcode
2059:Ostrich
2008:Bibcode
1829:8338928
1800:Bibcode
1775:: 5–19.
1657:Bibcode
1616:Bibcode
1536:6472805
1508:Bibcode
1500:Science
1408:Bibcode
1274:4260563
1254:Bibcode
953:and at
951:Belgium
903:carrion
895:rodents
887:turtles
862:Clarias
857:catfish
852:Tilapia
841:), and
756:tactile
703:marshes
685:Algeria
667:papyrus
588:(video)
498:soaring
450:Tunisia
379:balaena
315:in the
195:Genus:
175:Order:
165:Class:
110: (
93: (
60:At the
3996:399812
3983:464697
3931:174891
3879:BLNCRE
3817:112810
3749:Q18700
3472:Agamia
3425:Matuku
3182:Milnea
3033:Scopus
2819:herons
2755:Scopus
2721:Scopus
2713:family
2635:family
2518:family
2344:
2334:
2302:
2129:
2119:
2085:
1909:
1836:
1826:
1818:
1713:
1534:
1526:
1482:
1426:
1306:
1272:
1246:Nature
1227:
1124:
979:TikTok
891:snails
871:snakes
744:jacana
696:Desert
693:Sahara
651:Malawi
649:, and
637:, the
623:Zambia
615:Uganda
611:Rwanda
531:-like
515:-grey
490:cranes
485:tarsus
415:herons
394:storks
377:words
313:herons
291:, and
247:, 1850
208:, 1850
3970:73529
3957:33584
3913:IRMNG
3848:eBird
3824:BOW:
3492:Ardea
3092:Ardei
3048:Ardei
2734:Genus
2717:genus
2656:Genus
2639:genus
2543:Genus
2526:genus
2497:Order
2083:S2CID
1907:S2CID
1765:(PDF)
1745:6 May
1604:(PDF)
1532:S2CID
1435:(PDF)
1424:S2CID
1396:(PDF)
1270:S2CID
1022:CITES
1005:8,000
1001:5,000
867:frogs
776:Tokyo
722:Typha
679:from
635:Kenya
607:Congo
599:Sudan
586:Tokyo
523:Voice
513:slaty
432:Egypt
387:-ceps
383:caput
375:Latin
361:genus
301:stork
245:Gould
206:Gould
112:CITES
106:CITES
36:B-rex
4009:3272
3952:NCBI
3939:IUCN
3926:ITIS
3905:4338
3887:GBIF
3874:EPPO
3840:KF8B
3812:BOLD
2848:Aves
2815:ibis
2411:2019
2342:OCLC
2332:ISBN
2300:ISBN
2253:2024
2217:2023
2157:2020
2127:OCLC
2117:ISBN
1834:PMID
1816:ISSN
1773:2004
1747:2020
1711:ISBN
1524:PMID
1480:PMID
1443:2012
1304:ISBN
1225:ISBN
1122:ISBN
1099:2022
1074:2021
1057:2018
1003:and
920:syn.
901:and
817:Diet
719:and
709:and
669:and
631:Sudd
601:and
477:bill
448:and
434:and
311:and
297:bill
273:The
169:Aves
3861:EoL
3835:CoL
3773:ADW
2450:doi
2385:doi
2240:doi
2187:doi
2075:doi
2016:doi
1972:doi
1899:doi
1868:doi
1824:PMC
1808:doi
1665:doi
1624:doi
1612:144
1559:doi
1516:doi
1504:320
1470:doi
1416:doi
1404:144
1370:doi
1341:doi
1262:doi
1250:266
1180:doi
1061:doi
949:in
918:, (
833:),
713:of
544:).
533:moo
529:cow
444:of
430:of
64:in
4041::
4019::
4006::
3993::
3980::
3967::
3954::
3941::
3928::
3915::
3902::
3889::
3876::
3863::
3850::
3837::
3814::
3801::
3788::
3775::
3760::
3745::
2821:,
2817:,
2719::
2641::
2528::
2520::
2499::
2448:.
2438:13
2436:.
2383:.
2373:51
2371:.
2340:.
2308:.
2294:.
2284:;
2255:.
2234:.
2208:.
2183:47
2181:.
2165:^
2125:.
2115:.
2113:56
2081:.
2073:.
2063:86
2061:.
2036:.
2014:.
2004:16
2002:.
1986:^
1966:.
1962:.
1945:45
1943:.
1939:.
1919:^
1905:.
1895:38
1893:.
1864:48
1862:.
1846:^
1832:.
1822:.
1814:.
1806:.
1796:11
1794:.
1790:.
1771:.
1767:.
1738:.
1679:^
1663:.
1653:44
1651:.
1645:.
1622:.
1610:.
1606:.
1601:)"
1582:35
1580:.
1555:18
1553:.
1530:.
1522:.
1514:.
1502:.
1478:.
1466:43
1464:.
1460:.
1422:.
1414:.
1402:.
1398:.
1393:)"
1366:73
1364:.
1335:.
1331:.
1282:^
1268:.
1260:.
1248:.
1176:19
1174:.
1170:.
1148:.
1090:.
1055:.
1049:.
991:.
893:,
889:,
873:,
794:,
774:,
733:.
657:,
613:,
609:,
584:,
500:.
287:,
3665:†
3615:†
3571:†
3554:†
3448:†
3431:†
3421:†
3411:†
3394:†
3272:†
3229:†
3219:†
3209:†
3199:†
3195:?
3188:†
3178:†
3168:†
3128:†
3119:?
3112:†
3002:†
2992:†
2969:†
2959:†
2916:?
2911:†
2902:?
2895:†
2806:e
2799:t
2792:v
2723:)
2711:(
2645:)
2633:(
2532:)
2516:(
2489:e
2482:t
2475:v
2456:.
2452::
2444::
2413:.
2391:.
2387::
2379::
2348:.
2242::
2219:.
2193:.
2189::
2159:.
2145:"
2133:.
2089:.
2077::
2069::
2042:.
2022:.
2018::
2010::
1980:.
1974::
1968:1
1913:.
1901::
1874:.
1870::
1840:.
1810::
1802::
1749:.
1732:"
1719:.
1673:.
1667::
1659::
1630:.
1626::
1618::
1565:.
1561::
1538:.
1518::
1510::
1486:.
1472::
1445:.
1418::
1410::
1376:.
1372::
1349:.
1343::
1337:5
1329:"
1312:.
1276:.
1264::
1256::
1233:.
1186:.
1182::
1130:.
1101:.
1076:.
1063::
1047:"
1043:"
929:(
877:(
845:(
837:(
829:(
750:(
562:(
540:(
396:(
277:(
114:)
97:)
38:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
