196:
63:
44:
434:
600:
33:
866:
292:
456:
ecoregions, or in areas of fast-draining sandy soils in more humid regions. These scrublands are characterized by plants with adaptations to the dry climate, which include small leaves to limit water loss, thorns to protect them from grazing animals, succulent leaves or stems,
126:
in a particular region and remain stable over time, or a transitional community that occurs temporarily as the result of a disturbance, such as fire. A stable state may be maintained by regular natural disturbance such as fire or
798:
483:
regions of the world. Scrublands are most common near the seacoast, and have often adapted to the wind and salt air of the ocean. Low, soft-leaved scrublands around the
831:
806:
473:
713:
898:
756:
736:
839:
402:
In some places shrubland is the mature vegetation type, and in other places the result of degradation of former
131:. Shrubland may be unsuitable for human habitation because of the danger of fire. The term was coined in 1903.
368:
200:
453:
870:
207:
For shrubs that are 2–8 metres (6.6–26.2 ft) high, the following structural forms are categorized:
911:
891:
236:
For shrubs less than 2 metres (6.6 ft) high, the following structural forms are categorized:
195:
122:. Shrubland may either occur naturally or be the result of human activity. It may be the mature
1193:
522:
24:
701:
62:
43:
480:
876:
128:
8:
1277:
1231:
884:
835:
802:
554:
484:
433:
422:
186:
103:
1198:
526:
390:
52:
20:
769:
1241:
1041:
1009:
1001:
752:
732:
709:
381:
646:
617:
546:
337:
178:
115:
1251:
651:
599:
568:
occur naturally in semi-arid areas where soils are nutrient-poor, such as on the
438:
386:
243:
182:
123:
96:
32:
1140:
995:
907:
1271:
1046:
588:
458:
345:
1175:
1074:
661:
542:
538:
363:
1246:
1157:
1031:
957:
666:
656:
612:
604:
415:
304:
303:
plant group. In this context, shrublands are dense thickets of evergreen
159:
1256:
1105:
1068:
970:
534:
530:
315:
163:
139:
135:
100:
1146:
1134:
1036:
974:
934:
625:
311:
174:
1208:
1203:
1079:
1026:
961:
929:
671:
629:
621:
581:
577:
573:
569:
489:
407:
395:
320:
167:
119:
67:
1115:
1110:
1100:
1084:
1064:
991:
982:
948:
584:
550:
411:
377:
350:
189:
166:. Tall shrubs are mostly 2–8 m high, small shrubs 1–2 m high and
155:
1005:
978:
925:
865:
641:
624:
518:
502:
494:
403:
372:
359:
341:
328:
299:
Similarly, shrubland is a category used to describe a type of
185:, plus the height and foliage cover of the tallest stratum or
151:
48:
37:
1236:
1213:
944:
906:
690:
Merriam-Webster's
Collegiate Dictionary, 11th Edition (2003).
510:
476:
354:
332:
324:
300:
111:
107:
70:
56:
731:, Vol.4 ed. Gwen J. Harden, Royal Botanic Gardens, Sydney
291:
461:
to store water, and long taproots to reach groundwater.
177:
to describe different types of vegetation is based on
616:: low-growing or creeping shrubs. These include the
425:biomes are characterized as shrublands, including:
749:Native trees and shrubs of South-Eastern Australia
699:
134:Shrubland species generally show a wide range of
1269:
173:There is a descriptive system widely adopted in
19:"Scrublands" redirects here. For the novel, see
892:
708:. University of Oklahoma Press. p. 215.
832:"Mediterranean Forests, Woodlands and Scrub"
145:
591:is another example of interior scrublands.
899:
885:
162:less than 8 m high and usually with many
598:
432:
290:
194:
138:to fire, such as heavy seed production,
61:
42:
31:
793:
791:
677:
1270:
826:
824:
279:very sparse foliage cover (<10%) —
229:very sparse foliage cover (<10%) —
158:a shrub is defined as a much-branched
880:
788:
767:
610:Some vegetation types are formed of
286:
821:
258:mid-dense foliage cover (30–70%) —
217:mid-dense foliage cover (30–70%) —
13:
14:
1289:
858:
418:, or disturbance by major fires.
864:
307:shrubs and small trees, called:
273:sparse foliage cover (10–30%) —
240:dense foliage cover (70–100%) —
223:sparse foliage cover (10–30%) —
211:dense foliage cover (70–100%) —
142:, and fire-induced germination.
700:Mares, Michael S., ed. (1999).
1163:Orthophyll, hyptiophyll leaves
799:"Deserts and Xeric Shrublands"
761:
741:
722:
693:
684:
16:Vegetation dominated by shrubs
1:
1171:Aciculifolious, needle-leaved
369:Eastern Suburbs Banksia Scrub
454:deserts and xeric shrublands
7:
635:
66:Mediterranean shrubland in
10:
1294:
1000:Scarcely vegetated areas,
770:"Mediterranean Shrublands"
179:structural characteristics
18:
1224:
1186:
1124:
1093:
1055:
1019:
918:
912:Vegetation classification
747:Costermans, L. F. (1993)
344:and elsewhere around the
146:Botanical structural form
23:. For the TV series, see
729:Flora of New South Wales
470:Mediterranean scrublands
465:Mediterranean scrublands
706:Encyclopedia of deserts
576:which are underlain by
472:occur naturally in the
264:mid-dense low shrubland
110:, often also including
1194:Terrestrial vegetation
971:Herbaceous communities
607:
545:, coastal matorral in
523:Northern coastal scrub
479:, located in the five
442:
398:in northeastern Brazil
296:
295:Fynbos in South Africa
204:
73:
59:
47:Scrub vegetation with
40:
25:Scrublands (TV series)
602:
549:, and sand-heath and
481:Mediterranean climate
452:occur in the world's
436:
294:
198:
65:
46:
35:
1232:Biogeographic realms
873:at Wikimedia Commons
776:. Radford University
678:Notes and references
249:closed low shrubland
201:Prince Edward County
170:less than 1 m high.
1143:, semicaducifolious
836:World Wildlife Fund
803:World Wildlife Fund
566:Interior scrublands
561:Interior scrublands
555:Southwest Australia
485:Mediterranean Basin
474:Mediterranean scrub
423:World Wildlife Fund
231:tall open shrubland
1242:Floristic kingdoms
1199:Aquatic vegetation
842:on 11 January 2017
608:
527:coastal sage scrub
443:
391:Texas Hill Country
297:
281:low open shrubland
205:
74:
60:
41:
21:Scrublands (novel)
1265:
1264:
1010:Barren vegetation
1002:desert vegetation
869:Media related to
809:on 2 January 2011
768:Woodward, Susan.
715:978-0-8061-3146-7
450:desert scrublands
429:Desert scrublands
287:Biome plant group
99:characterized by
36:Low shrubland in
1285:
1252:Plant life-forms
1149:, perennifolious
964:, dwarf-scrubs,
901:
894:
887:
878:
877:
868:
852:
851:
849:
847:
838:. Archived from
828:
819:
818:
816:
814:
805:. Archived from
795:
786:
785:
783:
781:
765:
759:
745:
739:
726:
720:
719:
697:
691:
688:
529:occur along the
1293:
1292:
1288:
1287:
1286:
1284:
1283:
1282:
1268:
1267:
1266:
1261:
1220:
1182:
1137:, caducifolious
1131:Loss of leaves
1120:
1089:
1057:
1051:
1015:
958:Dwarf-shrubland
914:
905:
861:
856:
855:
845:
843:
830:
829:
822:
812:
810:
797:
796:
789:
779:
777:
766:
762:
746:
742:
727:
723:
716:
698:
694:
689:
685:
680:
652:Prostrate shrub
638:
439:Nullarbor plain
289:
183:plant life-form
148:
124:vegetation type
97:plant community
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1291:
1281:
1280:
1263:
1262:
1260:
1259:
1254:
1249:
1244:
1239:
1234:
1228:
1226:
1222:
1221:
1219:
1218:
1217:
1216:
1211:
1206:
1196:
1190:
1188:
1184:
1183:
1181:
1180:
1179:
1178:
1172:
1166:
1165:
1164:
1161:
1160:, stiff leaves
1154:Leaf hardness
1152:
1151:
1150:
1144:
1141:Semi-deciduous
1138:
1128:
1126:
1122:
1121:
1119:
1118:
1113:
1108:
1103:
1097:
1095:
1091:
1090:
1088:
1087:
1082:
1077:
1072:
1071:, ombrophilous
1061:
1059:
1053:
1052:
1050:
1049:
1044:
1039:
1034:
1029:
1023:
1021:
1017:
1016:
1014:
1013:
998:
989:
968:
955:
938:
922:
920:
916:
915:
908:Phytogeography
904:
903:
896:
889:
881:
875:
874:
860:
859:External links
857:
854:
853:
820:
787:
760:
740:
721:
714:
692:
682:
681:
679:
676:
675:
674:
669:
664:
659:
654:
649:
644:
637:
634:
597:
596:
563:
562:
467:
466:
459:storage organs
431:
430:
400:
399:
393:
384:
375:
366:
357:
348:
335:
318:
288:
285:
284:
283:
277:
271:
256:
234:
233:
227:
225:tall shrubland
221:
215:
147:
144:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1290:
1279:
1276:
1275:
1273:
1258:
1255:
1253:
1250:
1248:
1245:
1243:
1240:
1238:
1235:
1233:
1230:
1229:
1227:
1223:
1215:
1212:
1210:
1207:
1205:
1202:
1201:
1200:
1197:
1195:
1192:
1191:
1189:
1185:
1177:
1174:Latifolious,
1173:
1170:
1169:
1167:
1162:
1159:
1156:
1155:
1153:
1148:
1145:
1142:
1139:
1136:
1133:
1132:
1130:
1129:
1127:
1123:
1117:
1114:
1112:
1109:
1107:
1104:
1102:
1099:
1098:
1096:
1092:
1086:
1083:
1081:
1078:
1076:
1073:
1070:
1066:
1063:
1062:
1060:
1054:
1048:
1045:
1043:
1040:
1038:
1035:
1033:
1030:
1028:
1025:
1024:
1022:
1018:
1011:
1007:
1003:
999:
997:
993:
990:
988:
984:
980:
976:
972:
969:
967:
966:suffruticetum
963:
962:subshrublands
959:
956:
954:
950:
946:
942:
939:
937:
936:
931:
927:
924:
923:
921:
917:
913:
909:
902:
897:
895:
890:
888:
883:
882:
879:
872:
867:
863:
862:
841:
837:
833:
827:
825:
808:
804:
800:
794:
792:
775:
774:Geography 235
771:
764:
758:
757:0-947116-76-1
754:
750:
744:
738:
737:0-86840-188-9
734:
730:
725:
717:
711:
707:
703:
696:
687:
683:
673:
670:
668:
665:
663:
660:
658:
655:
653:
650:
648:
645:
643:
640:
639:
633:
631:
627:
623:
619:
615:
614:
606:
601:
594:
593:
592:
590:
589:Florida scrub
586:
583:
579:
575:
571:
567:
560:
559:
558:
556:
552:
548:
547:central Chile
544:
540:
536:
532:
528:
524:
520:
516:
512:
508:
504:
500:
496:
492:
491:
487:are known as
486:
482:
478:
475:
471:
464:
463:
462:
460:
455:
451:
447:
440:
435:
428:
427:
426:
424:
419:
417:
413:
409:
405:
397:
394:
392:
388:
385:
383:
380:in Southwest
379:
376:
374:
370:
367:
365:
361:
358:
356:
352:
349:
347:
346:Mediterranean
343:
339:
336:
334:
330:
326:
322:
319:
317:
313:
310:
309:
308:
306:
302:
293:
282:
278:
276:
275:low shrubland
272:
269:
268:North America
265:
261:
257:
254:
253:North America
250:
246:
245:
239:
238:
237:
232:
228:
226:
222:
220:
216:
214:
213:closed-shrubs
210:
209:
208:
202:
199:Shrubland in
197:
193:
191:
188:
184:
180:
176:
171:
169:
165:
161:
157:
153:
143:
141:
137:
132:
130:
125:
121:
117:
113:
109:
105:
102:
98:
94:
90:
86:
82:
78:
72:
69:
64:
58:
54:
50:
45:
39:
34:
30:
26:
22:
1247:Plant habits
1176:broad-leaved
986:
965:
952:
940:
933:
844:. Retrieved
840:the original
811:. Retrieved
807:the original
778:. Retrieved
773:
763:
748:
743:
728:
724:
705:
695:
686:
662:Shrub-steppe
613:dwarf-shrubs
611:
609:
603:Moorland on
595:Dwarf shrubs
565:
564:
543:South Africa
539:Western Cape
514:
506:
498:
488:
469:
468:
449:
445:
444:
441:in Australia
421:A number of
420:
401:
364:South Africa
298:
280:
274:
267:
263:
259:
252:
248:
241:
235:
230:
224:
218:
212:
206:
172:
149:
133:
92:
88:
84:
80:
76:
75:
29:
1158:Sclerophyll
1032:Subtropical
919:Physiognomy
751:. rev. ed.
667:Shrub swamp
657:Semi-desert
605:Kilimanjaro
416:overgrazing
387:Cedar scrub
305:sclerophyll
219:open-shrubs
160:woody plant
140:lignotubers
136:adaptations
53:Webb County
1278:Shrublands
1257:Vegetation
1168:Leaf form
1106:Submontane
975:grasslands
953:fruticetum
947:, scrubs,
941:Shrublands
871:Shrublands
535:strandveld
531:California
507:tomillares
316:California
260:open-heath
203:, Ontario.
101:vegetation
1187:Substrate
1147:Evergreen
1135:Deciduous
1037:Temperate
996:parklands
935:arboretum
930:woodlands
846:7 October
813:7 October
780:7 October
626:heathland
622:garrigues
382:Australia
312:Chaparral
181:based on
175:Australia
168:subshrubs
120:geophytes
104:dominated
81:scrubland
77:Shrubland
55:in south
1272:Category
1225:See also
1209:Mangrove
1204:Riparian
1094:Altitude
1080:Seasonal
1056:Climatic
1042:Subpolar
1027:Tropical
1020:Latitude
992:Savannas
987:herbetum
983:prairies
949:thickets
672:Moorland
636:See also
630:moorland
582:Silurian
578:Cambrian
574:Portugal
499:phrygana
490:garrigue
408:woodland
396:Caatinga
321:Matorral
187:dominant
129:browsing
68:Sardinia
1116:Coastal
1111:Lowland
1101:Montane
1085:Drought
1065:Pluvial
979:steppes
926:Forests
585:schists
551:kwongan
537:in the
533:coast,
412:logging
378:Kwongan
351:Macchia
242:closed-
190:species
156:ecology
112:grasses
1237:Biomes
1214:Swampy
1125:Leaves
1075:Cloudy
1058:regime
1006:Desert
755:
735:
712:
702:"Fire"
647:Maquis
642:Fynbos
618:maquis
519:Israel
513:, and
503:Greece
495:France
404:forest
373:Sydney
360:Fynbos
342:France
338:Maquis
331:, and
329:Mexico
152:botany
118:, and
108:shrubs
49:cactus
38:Hawaii
1069:rainy
1047:Polar
945:heath
570:matas
515:batha
511:Spain
477:biome
446:Xeric
355:Italy
333:Spain
325:Chile
301:biome
244:heath
164:stems
116:herbs
95:is a
91:, or
89:brush
85:scrub
71:Italy
57:Texas
848:2010
815:2010
782:2010
753:ISBN
733:ISBN
710:ISBN
628:and
620:and
580:and
525:and
437:The
154:and
93:bush
572:of
553:in
541:of
517:in
509:in
501:in
493:in
448:or
414:or
410:by
406:or
389:in
371:in
362:in
353:in
340:in
323:in
314:in
262:or
247:or
150:In
106:by
51:in
1274::
1067:,
1008:,
994:,
985:,
981:,
977:,
973:,
960:,
951:,
943:,
932:,
928:,
910::
834:.
823:^
801:.
790:^
772:.
704:.
632:.
587:.
557:.
521:.
505:,
497:,
327:,
266:—(
251:—(
192:.
114:,
87:,
83:,
79:,
1012:)
1004:(
900:e
893:t
886:v
850:.
817:.
784:.
718:.
270:)
255:)
27:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
.jpg)