Siege of Delhi - Knowledge

1570: 801: 1542: 980: 1522: 252: 234: 153: 335: 317: 299: 281: 167: 1596:, 6 miles (9.7 km) south of Delhi. Although he was urged to accompany Bakht Khan and rally more troops, the aged Emperor was persuaded that the British were seeking vengeance only against the sepoys they regarded as mutineers, and he would be spared. On 20 September, a party under William Hodson took him into custody on promise of clemency and brought him back to the city. The next day, Hodson also took prisoner two of Bahadur Shah's sons and a grandson, but with no guarantee of any sort. On the pretext that a mob was about to release them, Hodson executed the three princes at 1349: 926: 693: 1085: 263: 223: 212: 200: 764:, which contained artillery, stocks of firearms and ammunition. They found that their troops and labourers were deserting, using ladders provided from the palace to climb over the walls. The officers opened fire on their own troops and the mobs to prevent the arsenal falling intact into the rebels' hands. After five hours, they had run out of ammunition and blew up their magazine, killing many rioters and onlookers, and badly damaging nearby buildings. Only three of them escaped and received the 995:, a veteran artillery officer of the company's army. (In the British Indian artillery, North Indian Muslims were generaIIy preferred and had been the majority of the establishment.) Pleased with the loot they brought with them, Bahadur Shah made Bakht Khan the new commander-in-chief. Bakht Khan was able to replenish the city's finances and inspire the rebel soldiers to renewed efforts. Bahadur Shah however, was growing discouraged, and turned away offers of assistance from other rebel leaders. 142: 2274: 72: 327: 309: 914: 838: 666: 1357: 291: 938: 1566:

way of feeding them until order was restored to the entire area. The British, Sikh and Pakhtun soldiers were all fairly callous with regard to life. For four days, after the fall of the city, there was extensive looting, although many British soldiers were more interested in drink than material possessions. Prize agents later moved into the city behind the troops, and organised the search for concealed treasure on a more systematic basis.

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battery proper was established, 700 yards (640 m) from the Mori Bastion. Opening fire on 8 September, four of its guns engaged the artillery on the Kashmir Bastion, while six guns and a heavy mortar silenced the rebels' guns on the Mori Bastion after a long duel. The direction of this attack also deceived the rebels into believing that the storming attempt would be made from the east, rather than the north.

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surprise had been lost and these batteries were being enfiladed from across the river, the Indian sappers and pioneers who carried out much of the work of constructing the second and third batteries and moving the guns into position suffered over 300 casualties, but the batteries quickly made breaches in the bastions and walls. Fifty guns continued to fire day and night, and the walls began to crumble away.

821:, to be commander-in-chief of his forces, but Mirza Mughal had little military experience and was treated with little respect by the sepoys. Nor did the sepoys agree on any overall commander, with each regiment refusing to accept orders from any but their own officers. Although Mirza Mughal made efforts to put the civil administration in order, his writ extended no further than the city. Outside, 629:, and on 9 May 1857 they were sentenced to long periods of imprisonment and were paraded in irons before the British and Bengal regiments in the garrison. On the evening of the following day, soldiers of the Bengal regiments (3rd Light Cavalry, 11th and 20th Infantry) rebelled, releasing the imprisoned troopers and killing their British officers and many British civilians in their cantonment. 1391:), led a suicidal mission, a small party of British and Indian sappers which placed four gunpowder charges and sandbags against the gate under fire from just 10 feet (3.0 m) away. Several of them were wounded or killed trying to light the fuse. The explosion demolished part of the gate, a bugler with the party signalled success and the third column charged in. 959:. As each new contingent arrived, the rebels made attacks on Hindu Rao's house and other outposts on several successive days. A major attack was mounted from three directions on 19 June, and nearly forced the exhausted besiegers to retreat, but the rebels did not know how close they came to success. Another major attack was made on 23 June, the centenary of the 644:, they had assumed that at Meerut, where the proportion of European to Indian troops was higher than anywhere else in India, the Bengal units would not risk open revolt. They were fortunate that they did not suffer disaster. The Bengal regiments broke into rebellion on Sunday, when European troops customarily attended evening 1419: 1099:, had drawn up a plan to breach the city walls and make an assault. Wilson was unwilling to risk any attack, but was urged by Nicholson to agree to Baird Smith's plan. There were moves among the British officers, in which Nicholson was prominent, to replace Wilson as commander if he failed to agree to make the attack. 1398:, its commander, was seriously injured, and the column retired. The rebels followed up, capturing four guns from the Kashmiri troops, and threatened to attack the British camp, which had been emptied of its guards to form the assault force. The artillery batteries at Hindu Rao's House (directed by Chamberlain from a 740:(troopers) of the 3rd Light Cavalry halted under the windows of the Palace and called on the Emperor to lead them. Bahadur Shah called for them to go to another palace outside the city, where their case would be heard later. Company officials then tried to close all the city gates, but were too late to prevent the 951:. Barnard ordered a dawn assault on 13 June, but the orders were confused and failed to reach most of his subordinates in time. The attack had to be called off, amidst much recrimination. After this, it was accepted that the odds were too great for any assault to be successful until the besiegers were reinforced. 1562:

the final assault. Of that total of 3,817 casualties during the capture of the city, 1,677 were loyalist Indian soldiers. It is almost impossible to say how many rebels and their supporters were killed during the siege, but the number was far greater. Unofficial sources place the rebel casualties at over 5,000.

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The cost to the British, Company, and loyal Indian armies in besieging Delhi from the start of the siege to the capture of the city was 1,254 killed, and 4,493 wounded, of which 992 were killed, 2,795 were wounded and 30 missing in action during the last six days of brutal fighting in the city during

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The British and Company forces were disordered. Many British officers had been killed or wounded, and their units were now in confusion. The British foothold included many of the liquor stores and over the next two days, many British soldiers became drunk and incapacitated on looted spirits. However,

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The opening of this phase of the siege seems to have coincided with the exhaustion of the ammunition the rebels had captured from the magazine, as the rebel fire became suddenly much less effective. By this time also, the rebels had become depressed through lack of supplies and money and by defeatist

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It is also impossible to estimate how many civilians died during the fighting in Delhi, which included those killed by the rebels, the British, or in the cross-fire. After the siege, many civilians were subsequently expelled from the city to makeshift camps in the nearby countryside, as there was no

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for extinguishing a fire in the magazine whilst under musket fire. Bahadur Shah and his entourage abandoned the palace on 18 September, and a British force captured the great mosque, the Jama Masjid, and the abandoned palace the next day. They also captured the Selimgarh Fort, attached to the palace

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In spite of this reverse, Nicholson was keen to press on into the city. He led a detachment down a narrow lane to try to capture the Burn Bastion, on the walls north of the Kabul Gate. Rebel soldiers held most of the flat rooftops and walled compounds, and guns mounted on the bastion fired grapeshot

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mortars was set up near the old Custom House less than 200 yards (180 m) from the city walls, and opened fire against the Water Bastion near the Yamuna next day. A fourth battery of ten heavy mortars was set up in cover near the Khudsia Bagh, opening fire on 11 September. Because the element of

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River 3 miles (4.8 km) north of the city. Fortunately for the besiegers, a canal ran from the Yamuna west of their encampments, protecting the rear of their camp and also providing drinking water. The besiegers occupied various fortified posts along the top of the ridge. The nearest to the city

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on 5 July. His successor, Reed, was also stricken with cholera and forced to hand over command to Archdale Wilson, who was promoted to major general. Although Wilson made efforts to clear the unburied corpses and other refuse from the ridge and encampment and reorganise the outposts and reliefs, he

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6 miles (9.7 km) west of Delhi, and captured Delhi ridge 2 miles (3.2 km) north of the city and the Bengal infantry barracks to the west of it. As a gesture of defiance and contempt, they set fire to the barracks. This was a senseless act, as it condemned the besiegers (and all their sick

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News of the rebellion at Meerut and the capture of Delhi spread rapidly throughout India. Rumours and envoys from the rebels spread the tidings fast and precipitated widespread rebellions and uprisings, but the Company learned of the events at Delhi even more quickly, thanks to the telegraph. Where

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Some Company officers and civilians tried to take refuge in the Main Guard, but the sepoys there joined the revolt, and they were slaughtered. Other officers arrived from the barracks, accompanied by two field guns and several companies of sepoys who had not yet joined the rebellion, and recaptured

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This made the siege decisive for two reasons. Firstly, large numbers of rebels were committed to the defence of a single fixed point, perhaps to the detriment of their prospects elsewhere, and their defeat at Delhi was thus a very major military setback. Secondly, the British recapture of Delhi and

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The attack was supposed to be launched at dawn, but the defenders had repaired some of the breaches overnight with sandbags, and further bombardment was required. Eventually, Nicholson gave the signal and the attackers charged. The first column stormed through the breach in the Kashmir Bastion and

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As a preliminary step, on 6 September the Company forces constructed "Reid's Battery", or the "Sammy House Battery", of two 24-pounder and four 9-pounder guns, near the southern end of the ridge, to silence the guns on the Mori Bastion. Under cover of Reid's Battery, on 7 September the first siege

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On 12 May, Bahadur Shah held his first formal audience in several years. It was attended by several excited sepoys who treated him familiarly or even disrespectfully. Although Bahadur Shah was dismayed by the looting and disorder, he gave his public support to the rebellion. On 16 May, sepoys and

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had been cut, but dispatch riders could easily have reached Delhi before the sepoys, had they been sent immediately.) When they had rallied the British troops in the cantonment and prepared to disperse the sepoys on 11 May, they found that Meerut was quiet and the sepoys had marched off to Delhi.

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Temporarily repulsed, the British now withdrew to the Church of Saint James, just inside the walls of the Kashmir Bastion. They had suffered 1,170 casualties in the attack. Archdale Wilson moved to the Church, and faced with the setback, he wished to order a withdrawal. When he heard of Wilson's

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About half the European civilians in Delhi and in the cantonments and Civil Lines were able to flee, first to the Flagstaff Tower on the ridge to the north-west of Delhi where telegraph operators were trying to warn other British stations of the uprising. After it became clear that no help could

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Large contingents of rebellious sepoys and volunteers continued to arrive in Delhi. The majority of no less than ten regiments of cavalry and fifteen of infantry of the Bengal Army rebelled and made their way to Delhi during June and July, along with large numbers of irregulars, mainly Muslim

1372:, a former summer residence of the Mughal Kings, about a quarter of a mile from the north walls. The fourth column was intended to attack only when the Kabul Gate on the west of the city walls was opened from behind by the other columns. The fifth column and the cavalry were in reserve. 868:

by a force from Meerut, which had fought several skirmishes en route. The Meerut force was led by Brigadier Archdale Wilson, who had conspicuously failed to prevent the rebel sepoys' move to Delhi on 11 May. Anson died of cholera at Karnal on 27 May. Under his successor, Major General

1581:, and elsewhere in India, were in no mood to take prisoners. Several hundred rebel prisoners as well as suspected rebels and sympathisers were subsequently hanged without trial or much legal process. In many cases, the officers of the "Queen's" Army were inclined to be lenient, but 685:, who was 82, had been informed by the East India Company that the title would die with him. At the time, Delhi was not a major centre of Company administration, although Company officials controlled the city's finances and courts. They and their families lived in the " 1007:, which had been annexed by the East India Company only eight years before, the Bengal Native units were quickly disarmed to prevent them rebelling or were defeated when they did rebel. Most of the available Company units were stationed there, along with units of the 648:

without arms. Due to the increasingly hot summer weather, the church services on 10 May took place half an hour later than on previous weeks, and when the outbreak occurred, the British troops had not yet left their barracks and could quickly be mustered and armed.

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Although there were several Company units available in the cool "hill stations" in the foothills of the Himalayas, it took time before any action could be taken to recapture Delhi. This was partly due to lack of transport and supplies. After the end of the

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By recapturing the Indian capital city, the British and Company forces dealt the Indian Army mutineers a major military and psychological blow, while releasing troops to assist in the relief of Lucknow, thus contributing to another British victory.

853:, the Bengal Army's transport units had been disbanded as an economy measure, and transport had to be improvised from scratch. Also, many of the senior British officers were widely regarded as dotards, far too senile to act decisively or sensibly. 1434:

Wilson eventually ordered all liquor to be destroyed, and discipline was restored. Slowly, the attackers began to clear the rebels from the city. They captured the magazine on 16 September. Another Victoria Cross was earned here, by Lieutenant

1402:) stopped them until Hope Grant's cavalry and horse artillery could move up to replace Reid's column. The cavalry remained in position under fire from guns on the Kabul Gate and suffered heavy casualties, until relieved by infantry. 783:

Shortly after this, the troops at the Main Guard were ordered to withdraw. The sepoys there, who had hitherto remained aloof from the revolt, turned on their officers, a few of whom escaped after the sepoys left to join the looting.

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regiments (the 38th, 54th and 74th) were stationed in barracks 2 miles (3.2 km) north-west of the city. They provided guards, working parties and other details to a "Main Guard" building just inside the walls near the

1060:. Nicholson himself arrived on 14 August. The rebels had heard of the imminent arrival of the siege train and sent a force out of the city to intercept it. On 25 August, Nicholson led a force against their position at the 966:

Although all these attacks were beaten off, the besiegers were ground down through exhaustion and disease. Conditions on the ridge and in the encampment were extremely unhealthy and unpleasant. General Barnard died of

1064:. Although the monsoon had broken and the roads and fields were flooded, Nicholson drove his force to make a rapid march and gained an easy victory, raising European morale and lowering that of the rebels. 813:

in front of the palace, despite Bahadur Shah's protests. The avowed aim of the killers was to implicate Bahadur Shah in the killings, making it impossible for him to seek any compromise with the company.

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Meanwhile, in Delhi, there had been some loss of morale due to the failures of Mirza Moghul and Bahadur Shah's equally unmilitary grandson, Mirza Abu Bakr. A large party of reinforcements arrived from

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to continue the struggle deprived the rebellion of much of its national character. Although the rebels still held large areas, there was little co-ordination between them, and the British were able to

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rifle. The cartridges for this were widely believed to be greased with a mixture of cow and pig fat, and to bite them open when loading the rifle (as required by the drill books) would defile both

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on the northern circuit of walls, the arsenal in the city and other buildings. By coincidence, when the regiments paraded early in the morning of 11 May, their officers read out to them the

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arrive from Meerut or elsewhere, and the cart carrying the bodies of the officers killed at the Main Guard in the morning arrived at the tower by mistake, most of the Europeans fled to

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Meanwhile, the fourth column encountered a rebel force in the suburb of Kishangunj outside the Kabul Gate before the other columns attacked, and was thrown into disorder. Major

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the second through that in the Water Bastion by the Jumna River, but this was not without difficulty, as most of the scaling ladders were broken before they could be emplaced.

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The senior Company officers at Meerut were taken by surprise. Although they had ample warning of disaffection among the Bengal Army after earlier outbreaks of unrest at

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The administration of the city and its new occupying army was chaotic, although it continued to function haphazardly. The Emperor nominated his eldest surviving son,

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Other than defending their own barracks and armouries, the company's commanders at Meerut took little action, not even notifying nearby garrisons or stations. (The

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indecision, the dying Nicholson threatened to shoot him. Eventually, Baird Smith, Chamberlain and other officers persuaded Wilson to hold on to the British gains.

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The ridge was of hard rock, about 60 feet (18 m) high, and ran from a point only 1,200 yards (1,100 m) east of the Kabul Gate on the city walls to the

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were induced to support the East India Company, sending contingents of their armies to secure the lines of communication between the besiegers and the Punjab.

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A second battery, consisting of nine 24-pounder guns, two 18-pounder guns and seven 8-inch howitzers, was set up near a flamboyantly designed house known as "

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palace servants killed 52 British who had been held prisoner within the palace or who had been discovered hiding in the city. The killings took place under a

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The attack was scheduled for 3 a.m. on 14 September. The storming columns moved into position during the night of 13 September. The future Field Marshal

1602:(Bloody Gate). Their heads were later presented to Bahadur Shah, who was subsequently put on trial by the British Military Commission. He was exiled to 876:

On 8 June, they found the mutineers had entrenched themselves outside the city. They drove the large but disorganised rebel force from the field at the

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By early September, the British had assembled a force of some 9,000, which consisted of 3,000 regular troops and 6,000 Sikhs, Punjabis, and Ghurkas.

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over the River Yamuna. Most rebels who had not already left the city now did so before the Company forces captured all the gates and trapped them.

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down the lanes between the houses. After two rushes were stopped with heavy casualties, Nicholson led a third charge and was mortally wounded.

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himself was scarcely capable of exercising command, and in every letter he wrote, he complained of his exhaustion and prostration. Brigadier

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As the situation in the Punjab stabilised, units could be dispatched to reinforce the besiegers at Delhi. Also, the rulers of the states of

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the commanders of stations were energetic and distrustful of their sepoys, they were able to forestall some of the most dangerous revolts.

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the Main Guard, sending the bodies of the dead officers to the cantonments in a cart. In the city meanwhile nine British officers from the

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earlier in the year, and the disbandment of his regiment, the 34th Bengal Native Infantry. This produced much muttering in the ranks.

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A total of 29 Victoria Crosses were awarded to recipients for bravery in the Siege of Delhi. A Delhi clasp was authorised for the

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Mutiny at the Margins: New Perspectives on the Indian Uprising of 1857: Volume I: Anticipations and Experiences in the Locality

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defended their fortified compounds with great determination, but could not be organised to make a coordinated counter-attack.

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to borders of Delhi). Seeking a symbol around which to rally, the first sepoys to rebel sought to reinstate the power of the

17: 2767: 1174: 963:. (It was believed that the presence of East India Company in India would end one hundred years after this famous battle). 761: 1202: 1132: 976:, a much younger officer who might have provided better leadership, was severely wounded repelling a sortie on 14 July. 3322: 1395: 1232: 1841: 1733: 800: 2203: 2165: 2143: 2124: 2100: 1931: 1825: 1782: 1508: 1490: 1292:, totalling 200, preceded all the columns, as skirmishers. Engineers and sappers were attached to lead each column. 3259: 2940: 42: 3332: 2802: 2613: 2578: 2436: 2029: 1482: 1242: 1042: 526: 2241: 3327: 3188: 3105: 2777: 2553: 2184: 1486: 3198: 2110: 2016: 1811: 1530: 1120: 979: 902: 255: 570:

in the previous centuries. Lacking overall direction, many who subsequently rebelled also flocked to Delhi.

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The first three columns, under Nicholson's overall command, gathered in and behind a building known as the

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was widespread through much of Northern India, but essentially it was sparked by the mass uprising by the

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herders began levying their own tolls on traffic, and it became increasingly difficult to feed the city.

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the rebel sepoy regiments had become discouraged by their defeats and lack of food, while the irregular

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The major force dispatched from the Punjab to Delhi were a "Flying Column" of 4,200 men under Brigadier

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The city was finally declared to be captured on 21 September. John Nicholson died the next day.

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The third column attacked the Kashmiri Gate on the north wall. Two sapper officers, Lieutenants

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The British, eager to avenge the killing of several hundred of their countryfolk in Delhi,

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The siege train arrived at the beginning of September, comprising six 24-pounders, eight

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It was quickly apparent that Delhi was too well-fortified and strongly held to fall to a

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were quickly joined by mobs which began attacking Company officials and looting bazaars.

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Later in the morning, the rebels from Meerut arrived quite unexpectedly, crossing the

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The outline of the siege with the British camp (cantonment) just north of the city

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and wounded and noncombatants) to live in tents through the hot weather and

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The Bengal Fusiliers were "European" infantry, mainly Irish, raised by the

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King of Delhi and his suite at the time of his capture by the English army

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stationed at Meerut refused to accept their cartridges. They were hastily

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and the most exposed was known as "Hindu Rao's house", defended by the

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Cavalry in the Procession of the Mughal king under the British Resident

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gaining entry through the Rajghat Gate to the south. Once inside, the

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or "European" units of the East India Company forces at Delhi. Three

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Commanding officer of the 52nd Foot, not to be confused with Sir

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of the Bengal Army, which the company had itself raised in its

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War, Culture and Society in Early Modern South Asia, 1740-1849

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to Karnal starting on 17 May. On 7 June, they were joined at

611: 559: 551: 389: 176: 103: 1734:"Analysis of the 1857 War of Independence – Defence Journal" 2880: 1135:, then a junior staff officer, recorded their composition: 1119:

rumours which were spread by agents and spies organised by

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Memoirs of an Indian translator for the East India Company

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Before the Siege – The Illustrated London News 16 Jan 1858

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Bahadur Shah and three of his sons had taken refuge at

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Sikh officers of the British army by Felice Beato, 1858

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Perrett, Bryan (1993). "3: The Walls of Delhi, 1857".

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observatory in Delhi in 1858, damaged in the fighting.

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The Kashmir Gate: Lieutenant Home & the Delhi VCs

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After several years of increasing tension among the

1610:in 1858, after being convicted on several charges. 2032:, soon to be appointed Commander-in-chief in India 2011: 2009: 1295:There was also a cavalry brigade in reserve under 1681:"Delhi Day – Gurkhas at the Siege of Delhi, 1857" 1041:The first reinforcements to arrive at Delhi, the 998: 941:Bank of Delhi was attacked by mortar and gunfire. 660: 3299: 2019:. They were later absorbed into the British Army 2006: 908: 1890:. Chatham: The Institution of Royal Engineers. 1352:Blowing of Kashmir gate by Sergeant Carmichael 1126: 721:, who had attempted to start a rebellion near 2257: 2196:At All Costs! Stories of Impossible Victories 1888:History of the Corps of Royal Engineers Vol I 546:. The rebellion against the authority of the 436: 2071:Justice System and Mutinies in British India 1716:The Last Mughal-Fall of a dynasty Delhi 1857 856:Nevertheless, a Company force under General 585: 450: 1919: 1806: 1804: 1802: 1800: 1798: 1796: 1794: 1489:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 2264: 2250: 1413: 443: 429: 2109: 2048:. SAGE Publications India. pp. 3–4. 1956: 1954: 1952: 1810: 1765: 1763: 1761: 1759: 1757: 1755: 1698: 1685:Welcome to the Gurkha Brigade Association 1509:Learn how and when to remove this message 1253:Plus Kashmir contingent in reserve – 1000 1139:1st Column – Brigadier General Nicholson 696:View of Delhi, from the Palace Gate, 1858 558:(which actually covered a vast area from 542:was one of the decisive conflicts of the 2457: 2133: 1791: 1568: 1540: 1520: 1417: 1355: 1347: 1279:Baluch Battalion (one "wing" only) – 300 1083: 978: 936: 924: 912: 873:, the combined force advanced on Delhi. 836: 799: 691: 664: 3308:Battles of the Indian Rebellion of 1857 2225: 2193: 2174: 2152: 1881: 1879: 1877: 1875: 1873: 1871: 1869: 1867: 1865: 1863: 1769: 1074: 574:the refusal of the aged Mughal Emperor 14: 3300: 1949: 1885: 1752: 1678: 2245: 2087: 2041: 1713: 795: 424: 27:Conflict of the 1857 Indian Rebellion 1926:. Taylor & Francis. p. 49. 1894: 1860: 1487:adding citations to reliable sources 1454: 3313:Sieges involving the United Kingdom 1387:(both of whom subsequently won the 24: 2226:Roberts, Frederick Sleigh (1893). 2068: 1886:Porter, Maj Gen Whitworth (1889). 1679:Latter, Mick (14 September 2020). 1644:Metro Plus Delhi. 28 October 2006. 1079: 1019:who had little in common with the 717:announcing the execution of sepoy 25: 3344: 2213: 1260:5th Column – Brigadier Longfield 1095:Wilson's chief Engineer Officer, 594:(Indian soldiers) of the British 2272: 2179:. Picton Publishing Chippenham. 2042:Bates, Crispin (26 March 2013). 1960: 1459: 1305:6th Carbineers (one "wing" only) 1003:In one vital area of India, the 832: 415:approx. 5,000 killed and wounded 333: 325: 315: 307: 297: 289: 279: 261: 250: 232: 221: 210: 198: 165: 151: 140: 70: 43:Battle of Delhi (disambiguation) 2569:Suppression of Tilpat rebellion 2062: 2035: 2022: 1981: 1963:"Pakistan Army Defence Journal" 1940: 1913: 1299:, which probably consisted of: 1023:of the Bengal Native Infantry. 3106:List of tombs of Mughal Empire 2564:Mughal–Safavid war (1649–1653) 2559:Mughal–Safavid war (1622–1623) 2237:– via Project Gutenberg. 1834: 1726: 1707: 1672: 1647: 1631: 1343: 1199:3rd Column – Colonel Campbell 999:The siege: August to September 661:Capture of Delhi by the rebels 566:, which had ruled much of the 13: 1: 2158:The Great Mutiny – India 1857 2081: 2017:Honourable East India Company 1775:The Great Mutiny – India 1857 1171:2nd Column – Brigadier Jones 903:8th (Sirmoor) Local Battalion 677:Delhi was the capital of the 394:approx. 30,000 irregulars or 2222:(archived 26 September 2007) 2136:Battles of the Indian Mutiny 1624: 1557:for their part in the battle 1450: 909:The siege: June through July 689:" to the north of the city. 7: 2614:Mughal–Portuguese conflicts 1127:Preparation for the assault 700:There were no units of the 10: 3349: 3013:Alamgir Mosque, Aurangabad 2134:Edwardes, Michael (1963). 1989:"Siege of Delhi | Summary" 1655:"Siege of Delhi | Summary" 1238:Sirmur Battalion (Gurkhas) 1209:Kumaon Battalion (Gurkhas) 94:8 June – 21 September 1857 40: 29: 3323:Military history of Delhi 3222: 3156: 3114: 3051: 3033:Shah Jahan Mosque, Thatta 3003: 2962: 2953: 2826: 2755: 2622: 2536: 2402: 2284: 2198:. Arms and Armour Press. 1011:, which were formed from 586:Outbreak of the rebellion 462: 404: 348: 217:Sir Henry William Barnard 188: 133: 86: 69: 57: 52: 30:For the siege during the 2604:Indian Rebellion of 1857 2549:Mughal conquest of Malwa 1608:British-controlled Burma 878:Battle of Badli-ki-Serai 580:overcome them separately 544:Indian Rebellion of 1857 454:Indian Rebellion of 1857 60:Indian Rebellion of 1857 32:Second Anglo-Maratha War 2579:Tibet–Ladakh–Mughal war 2175:Perkins, Roger (1983). 1993:Encyclopædia Britannica 1659:Encyclopædia Britannica 1414:The capture of the city 762:Defence of the Magazine 621:Eighty-five men of the 3333:Sieges involving Nepal 1574: 1558: 1545:Two British soldiers, 1538: 1423: 1422:Capture of Delhi, 1857 1365: 1353: 1089: 1009:Punjab Irregular Force 984: 942: 934: 922: 845: 805: 706:Bengal Native Infantry 697: 674: 189:Commanders and leaders 3328:19th century in Delhi 3091:Tomb of Salim Chishti 2574:Ahom–Mughal conflicts 2324:Aurangzeb (Alamgir I) 1907:19 April 2007 at the 1720:Bloomsbury Publishing 1704:Roberts (1893), p.116 1572: 1544: 1524: 1421: 1359: 1351: 1087: 982: 940: 928: 916: 851:Second Anglo-Sikh War 840: 803: 695: 668: 405:Casualties and losses 77:Battle damage to the 36:Siege of Delhi (1804) 18:Siege of Delhi (1857) 3053:Tombs and mausoleums 2154:Hibbert, Christopher 1946:Roberts (1893), p.57 1920:Kaushik Roy (2011). 1771:Hibbert, Christopher 1714:Dalrymple, William. 1537:on 20 September 1857 1483:improve this section 1181:2nd Bengal Fusiliers 1149:1st Bengal Fusiliers 1075:The capture of Delhi 1069:18-pounder long guns 760:were conducting the 608:Pattern 1853 Enfield 41:For other uses, see 3018:Jama Masjid (Delhi) 2584:Mughal–Maratha wars 1722:. pp. 269–270. 1619:Indian Mutiny Medal 1587:Theophilus Metcalfe 1440:and dominating the 1288:Detachments of the 1270:4th Punjab Infantry 1215:1st Punjab Infantry 1155:2nd Punjab Infantry 1097:Richard Baird Smith 1062:Battle of Najafgarh 974:Neville Chamberlain 568:Indian subcontinent 3270:Nizam of Hyderabad 2544:Mughal-Rajput wars 2364:Ahmad Shah Bahadur 2329:Muhammad Azam Shah 2119:. Viking Penguin. 2111:Dalrymple, William 1900:Major A. H. Amin, 1820:. Viking Penguin. 1812:Dalrymple, William 1585:officials such as 1583:East India Company 1575: 1559: 1547:James Hills-Johnes 1539: 1527:Bahadur Shah Zafar 1424: 1366: 1354: 1337:(irregular levies) 1329:5th Punjab Cavalry 1323:2nd Punjab Cavalry 1317:1st Punjab Cavalry 1247:Collected picquets 1090: 985: 943: 935: 923: 846: 806: 796:Mughal restoration 698: 675: 623:3rd Bengal Cavalry 596:East India Company 548:East India Company 322:Mirza Khizr Sultan 157:East India Company 3293: 3292: 3280:Kingdom of Mysore 3214:Foreign relations 3152: 3151: 3101:Tomb of Nur Jahan 3096:Tomb of Aurangzeb 3043:Wazir Khan Mosque 2963:Forts and palaces 2949: 2948: 2921:Guru Gobind Singh 2849:Bayazid of Sylhet 2532: 2531: 2432:Foreign relations 2055:978-81-321-1336-2 1969:on 9 October 2012 1842:"Defence Journal" 1553:were awarded the 1519: 1518: 1511: 1021:high caste Hindus 961:Battle of Plassey 758:George Willoughby 556:Bengal Presidency 535: 534: 419: 418: 129: 128: 64:Anglo-Indian wars 16:(Redirected from 3340: 3260:Nawabs of Bengal 3223:Successor states 3127:Shalimar Gardens 3071:Gardens of Babur 2960: 2959: 2906:Lachit Borphukan 2620: 2619: 2609:Mughal–Sikh wars 2554:Gujarat conquest 2455: 2454: 2447:Mughal artillery 2276: 2266: 2259: 2252: 2243: 2242: 2238: 2236: 2234: 2209: 2190: 2171: 2149: 2130: 2106: 2075: 2074: 2066: 2060: 2059: 2039: 2033: 2026: 2020: 2013: 2004: 2003: 2001: 1999: 1985: 1979: 1978: 1976: 1974: 1965:. 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Archived from 1730: 1724: 1723: 1711: 1705: 1702: 1696: 1695: 1693: 1691: 1676: 1670: 1669: 1667: 1665: 1651: 1645: 1635: 1529:and his sons by 1514: 1507: 1503: 1500: 1494: 1463: 1455: 1297:James Hope Grant 627:court martialled 602:, the sepoys at 457: 455: 445: 438: 431: 422: 421: 400:approx. 100 guns 338: 337: 336: 329: 320: 319: 318: 311: 302: 301: 300: 293: 284: 283: 282: 268:James Hope Grant 266: 265: 254: 246: 236: 226: 225: 215: 214: 203: 202: 170: 169: 168: 155: 146: 144: 143: 88: 87: 74: 50: 49: 21: 3348: 3347: 3343: 3342: 3341: 3339: 3338: 3337: 3298: 3297: 3294: 3289: 3265:Nawabs of Awadh 3218: 3199:Persian Mughals 3148: 3132:Achabal Gardens 3110: 3081:Jahangir's Tomb 3066:Bibi Ka Maqbara 3047: 3028:Badshahi Mosque 2999: 2945: 2911:Khushal Khattak 2886:Maharana Pratap 2822: 2751: 2732:Thanesar (1710) 2727:Thanesar (1567) 2618: 2528: 2453: 2398: 2394:Bahadur Shah II 2349:Rafi ud-Darajat 2280: 2270: 2232: 2230: 2216: 2206: 2187: 2168: 2146: 2127: 2116:The Last Mughal 2103: 2084: 2079: 2078: 2067: 2063: 2056: 2040: 2036: 2027: 2023: 2014: 2007: 1997: 1995: 1987: 1986: 1982: 1972: 1970: 1959: 1950: 1945: 1941: 1934: 1918: 1914: 1909:Wayback Machine 1899: 1895: 1884: 1861: 1851: 1849: 1840: 1839: 1835: 1828: 1817:The Last Mughal 1809: 1792: 1785: 1768: 1753: 1743: 1741: 1732: 1731: 1727: 1712: 1708: 1703: 1699: 1689: 1687: 1677: 1673: 1663: 1661: 1653: 1652: 1648: 1636: 1632: 1627: 1589:were vengeful. 1549:(pictured) and 1515: 1504: 1498: 1495: 1480: 1464: 1453: 1442:bridge of boats 1416: 1346: 1243:Guides Infantry 1159:Greene's Rifles 1129: 1082: 1080:The bombardment 1077: 1043:Corps of Guides 1001: 911: 835: 798: 730:bridge of boats 683:Bahadur Shah II 671:Flagstaff Tower 663: 588: 576:Bahadur Shah II 536: 531: 458: 453: 451: 449: 411: 399: 393: 381: 376: 368: 355: 344: 334: 332: 316: 314: 298: 296: 286:Bahadur Shah II 280: 278: 272: 260: 242: 228:Archdale Wilson 220: 219: 209: 197: 184: 166: 164: 150: 141: 139: 110: 81:in Delhi, 1857. 75: 46: 39: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 3346: 3336: 3335: 3330: 3325: 3320: 3315: 3310: 3291: 3290: 3288: 3287: 3282: 3277: 3272: 3267: 3262: 3257: 3252: 3247: 3242: 3240:Maratha Empire 3237: 3226: 3224: 3220: 3219: 3217: 3216: 3211: 3206: 3201: 3196: 3191: 3186: 3181: 3176: 3171: 3166: 3160: 3158: 3154: 3153: 3150: 3149: 3147: 3146: 3139: 3134: 3129: 3124: 3122:Fatehpur Sikri 3118: 3116: 3112: 3111: 3109: 3108: 3103: 3098: 3093: 3088: 3083: 3078: 3076:Humayun's Tomb 3073: 3068: 3063: 3057: 3055: 3049: 3048: 3046: 3045: 3040: 3038:Sunehri Masjid 3035: 3030: 3025: 3020: 3015: 3009: 3007: 3001: 3000: 2998: 2997: 2992: 2990:Jahangir Mahal 2987: 2982: 2977: 2972: 2966: 2964: 2957: 2951: 2950: 2947: 2946: 2944: 2943: 2938: 2933: 2928: 2923: 2918: 2913: 2908: 2903: 2898: 2893: 2888: 2883: 2878: 2876:Sher Shah Suri 2873: 2868: 2863: 2862: 2861: 2856: 2851: 2846: 2841: 2830: 2828: 2824: 2823: 2821: 2820: 2815: 2810: 2805: 2800: 2795: 2790: 2785: 2780: 2775: 2770: 2765: 2759: 2757: 2753: 2752: 2750: 2749: 2744: 2739: 2734: 2729: 2724: 2719: 2714: 2709: 2704: 2702:Panipat (1761) 2699: 2697:Panipat (1556) 2694: 2692:Panipat (1526) 2689: 2684: 2679: 2674: 2669: 2664: 2659: 2654: 2649: 2644: 2639: 2637:Badli-ki-Serai 2634: 2628: 2626: 2617: 2616: 2611: 2606: 2601: 2596: 2591: 2586: 2581: 2576: 2571: 2566: 2561: 2556: 2551: 2546: 2540: 2538: 2534: 2533: 2530: 2529: 2527: 2526: 2521: 2516: 2511: 2506: 2501: 2496: 2491: 2486: 2481: 2476: 2471: 2465: 2463: 2452: 2451: 2450: 2449: 2439: 2434: 2429: 2424: 2419: 2418: 2417: 2406: 2404: 2403:Administration 2400: 2399: 2397: 2396: 2391: 2386: 2381: 2376: 2374:Shah Jahan III 2371: 2366: 2361: 2356: 2351: 2346: 2341: 2336: 2334:Bahadur Shah I 2331: 2326: 2321: 2316: 2311: 2306: 2301: 2296: 2290: 2288: 2282: 2281: 2269: 2268: 2261: 2254: 2246: 2240: 2239: 2223: 2215: 2214:External links 2212: 2211: 2210: 2204: 2191: 2185: 2172: 2166: 2150: 2144: 2131: 2125: 2107: 2101: 2093:Soldier Sahibs 2089:Allen, Charles 2083: 2080: 2077: 2076: 2073:. p. 204. 2061: 2054: 2034: 2030:Colin Campbell 2021: 2005: 1980: 1948: 1939: 1932: 1912: 1893: 1859: 1848:on 29 May 2007 1833: 1826: 1790: 1783: 1751: 1740:on 29 May 2007 1725: 1706: 1697: 1671: 1646: 1629: 1628: 1626: 1623: 1599:Khooni Darwaza 1594:Humayun's Tomb 1555:Victoria Cross 1535:Humayun's tomb 1531:William Hodson 1517: 1516: 1467: 1465: 1458: 1452: 1449: 1415: 1412: 1389:Victoria Cross 1345: 1342: 1341: 1340: 1339: 1338: 1335:Hodson's Horse 1332: 1331:(one squadron) 1326: 1325:(one squadron) 1320: 1319:(one squadron) 1314: 1313:Guides Cavalry 1311: 1306: 1286: 1285: 1284: 1283: 1280: 1277: 1274:Wilde's Rifles 1267: 1257: 1256: 1255: 1254: 1251: 1248: 1245: 1240: 1228: 1227: 1226: 1225: 1222: 1212: 1206: 1196: 1195: 1194: 1193: 1190: 1184: 1178: 1168: 1167: 1166: 1165: 1162: 1152: 1146: 1128: 1125: 1121:William Hodson 1081: 1078: 1076: 1073: 1054:John Nicholson 1000: 997: 910: 907: 885:rain seasons. 834: 831: 797: 794: 778:William Raynor 774:George Forrest 766:Victoria Cross 754:Ordnance Corps 736:. The leading 662: 659: 587: 584: 540:Siege of Delhi 533: 532: 530: 529: 524: 519: 514: 509: 504: 499: 494: 489: 484: 479: 477:Badli-ki-Serai 474: 469: 463: 460: 459: 448: 447: 440: 433: 425: 417: 416: 413: 407: 406: 402: 401: 386: 354:3,000 regular 351: 350: 346: 345: 343: 342: 330: 312: 294: 275: 273: 271: 270: 258: 256:William Hodson 248: 238:John Nicholson 230: 207: 194: 191: 190: 186: 185: 183: 182: 174: 161: 159: 148:British Empire 136: 135: 131: 130: 127: 126: 116: 112: 111: 102: 100: 96: 95: 92: 84: 83: 67: 66: 55: 54: 53:Siege of Delhi 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 3345: 3334: 3331: 3329: 3326: 3324: 3321: 3319: 3318:1857 in India 3316: 3314: 3311: 3309: 3306: 3305: 3303: 3296: 3286: 3283: 3281: 3278: 3276: 3273: 3271: 3268: 3266: 3263: 3261: 3258: 3256: 3253: 3251: 3248: 3246: 3245:Rajput states 3243: 3241: 3238: 3235: 3231: 3228: 3227: 3225: 3221: 3215: 3212: 3210: 3207: 3205: 3202: 3200: 3197: 3195: 3192: 3190: 3187: 3185: 3182: 3180: 3177: 3175: 3172: 3170: 3167: 3165: 3162: 3161: 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412:4,493 wounded 409: 408: 403: 397: 391: 387: 385: 380: 375: 372: 367: 363: 359: 358:Punjabi Sikhs 353: 352: 347: 341: 331: 328: 323: 313: 310: 305: 295: 292: 287: 277: 276: 274: 269: 264: 259: 257: 253: 249: 247: 245: 239: 235: 231: 229: 224: 218: 213: 208: 206: 201: 196: 195: 193: 192: 187: 181: 178: 175: 173: 172:Mughal Empire 163: 162: 160: 158: 154: 149: 138: 137: 132: 124: 120: 117: 114: 113: 109: 108:Mughal Empire 105: 101: 98: 97: 93: 90: 89: 85: 82: 80: 79:Kashmiri Gate 73: 68: 65: 61: 56: 51: 48: 44: 37: 33: 19: 3295: 3233: 3141: 3137:Shahi Bridge 3061:Akbar's Tomb 3023:Chawk Mosque 2995:Sheesh Mahal 2980:Lalbagh Fort 2955:Architecture 2941:Hector Munro 2916:Josiah Child 2866:Ibrahim Lodi 2859:Pratapaditya 2844:Khwaja Usman 2772: 2642:Bhuchar Mori 2458: 2379:Shah Alam II 2344:Farrukhsiyar 2231:. Retrieved 2195: 2176: 2157: 2135: 2115: 2092: 2070: 2064: 2044: 2037: 2024: 1996:. Retrieved 1992: 1983: 1971:. Retrieved 1967:the original 1942: 1922: 1915: 1896: 1887: 1850:. Retrieved 1846:the original 1836: 1816: 1774: 1742:. Retrieved 1738:the original 1728: 1715: 1709: 1700: 1688:. Retrieved 1684: 1674: 1662:. Retrieved 1658: 1649: 1633: 1616: 1612: 1597: 1591: 1576: 1564: 1560: 1505: 1496: 1481:Please help 1469: 1446: 1433: 1428: 1425: 1408: 1404: 1393: 1378: 1374: 1370:Khudsia Bagh 1367: 1294: 1287: 1282:Total – 1000 1273: 1218: 1164:Total – 1000 1158: 1133:Lord Roberts 1130: 1117: 1105: 1101: 1094: 1091: 1066: 1051: 1040: 1025: 1002: 986: 965: 956: 953: 948:coup de main 946: 944: 917:The City of 887: 875: 858:George Anson 855: 847: 827: 819:Mirza Mughal 816: 807: 786: 782: 770:John Buckley 750: 745: 741: 737: 727: 702:British Army 699: 676: 651: 631: 620: 589: 572: 539: 537: 517:2nd Cawnpore 481: 472:1st Cawnpore 410:1,254 killed 304:Mirza Mughal 243: 205:George Anson 134:Belligerents 76: 58:Part of the 47: 3255:Sikh Empire 3234:interrupted 2975:Lahore Fort 2926:Henry Every 2891:Malik Ambar 2834:Baro-Bhuyan 2827:Adversaries 2813:Ranthambore 2768:Chittorgarh 2589:Child's war 2415:family tree 2160:. Penguin. 1961:Amin, A.H. 1777:. Penguin. 1551:Henry Tombs 1525:Capture of 1344:The assault 1309:9th Lancers 1290:60th Rifles 1250:Total – 850 1224:Total – 950 1192:Total – 850 1058:siege train 895:60th Rifles 811:peepul tree 734:Jumna River 723:Barrackpore 687:Civil Lines 600:Bengal Army 522:2nd Lucknow 467:1st Lucknow 3302:Categories 3285:Rohilkhand 3230:Sur Empire 2936:Nader Shah 2871:Rana Sanga 2783:Daulatabad 2667:Haldighati 2599:Bengal war 2437:Government 2369:Alamgir II 2319:Shah Jahan 2186:0902633872 2095:. Abacus. 2082:References 1638:God's Acre 1429:mujahhadin 1360:Plaque at 1233:Major Reid 993:Bakht Khan 957:mujahaddin 638:Barrackpur 618:soldiers. 396:mujahideen 384:siege guns 379:field guns 374:irregulars 340:Bakht Khan 3086:Taj Mahal 2970:Agra Fort 2931:Bajirao I 2854:Musa Khan 2808:Purandhar 2712:Raj Mahal 2687:Najafgarh 2537:Conflicts 2504:Hyderabad 2460:Provinces 1902:orbat.com 1642:The Hindu 1625:Footnotes 1499:July 2020 1470:does not 1451:Aftermath 1437:Thackerey 1264:61st Foot 1203:52nd Foot 1187:4th Sikhs 1143:75th Foot 842:Hindu Rao 756:, led by 732:over the 654:telegraph 634:Berhampur 512:Najafgarh 180:mutineers 3275:Carnatic 3194:Painting 3189:Language 3157:See also 2985:Red Fort 2839:Isa Khan 2803:Kandahar 2788:Golconda 2717:Samugarh 2652:Chanderi 2442:Military 2389:Akbar II 2314:Shahryar 2309:Jahangir 2286:Emperors 2156:(1980). 2113:(2006). 2091:(2000). 1905:Archived 1814:(2006). 1773:(1980). 1579:Cawnpore 1175:8th Foot 1017:Pakhtuns 989:Bareilly 371:Kashmiri 362:Pashtuns 349:Strength 99:Location 3209:Weapons 3184:Gardens 3179:Fashion 3174:Culture 3169:Cuisine 3005:Mosques 2901:Shivaji 2818:Sambhal 2793:Hooghly 2763:Bijapur 2737:Tukaroi 2722:Sirhind 2707:Plassey 2624:Battles 2494:Gujarat 2422:Economy 2410:Dynasty 2299:Humayun 2138:. Pan. 1973:30 July 1604:Rangoon 1491:removed 1476:sources 1385:Salkeld 1276:) – 450 1221:) – 500 1161:) – 450 1112:Coehorn 1047:Ramadan 1028:Patiala 969:cholera 901:of the 899:Gurkhas 883:monsoon 487:Chinhat 388:12,000 366:Gurkhas 244:† 125:victory 119:British 3115:Others 2896:Gokula 2756:Sieges 2747:Bhulua 2682:Khanwa 2677:Khajwa 2672:Karnal 2662:Ghagra 2657:Chausa 2519:Multan 2509:Lahore 2484:Bengal 2233:7 June 2202: 2183: 2164: 2142: 2123: 2099: 2052: 1998:4 June 1930: 1852:30 May 1824: 1781: 1744:30 May 1690:7 June 1664:7 June 1400:doolie 1056:and a 1005:Punjab 991:under 890:Yamuna 866:Alipur 862:Ambala 823:Gujjar 790:Karnal 746:sowars 742:sowars 738:sowars 642:Ambala 616:Muslim 604:Meerut 592:sepoys 552:sepoys 492:Jhelum 390:sepoys 369:2,200 364:, and 324: 306: 288: 240: 145: 115:Result 34:, see 3204:Tribe 2798:Jinji 2778:Daman 2773:Delhi 2742:Bakla 2647:Buxar 2514:Malwa 2499:Delhi 2489:Berar 2479:Awadh 2474:Ajmer 2304:Akbar 2294:Babur 1266:– 250 1211:– 250 1205:– 200 1189:– 350 1183:– 250 1177:– 250 1151:– 250 1145:– 300 1036:Nabha 1032:Jhind 1013:Sikhs 919:Delhi 612:Hindu 560:Assam 502:Arrah 482:Delhi 356:6000 177:Sepoy 104:Delhi 3250:Jats 3143:more 2881:Hemu 2632:Agra 2524:Sira 2469:Agra 2427:Flag 2235:2021 2200:ISBN 2181:ISBN 2162:ISBN 2140:ISBN 2121:ISBN 2097:ISBN 2050:ISBN 2000:2021 1975:2009 1928:ISBN 1854:2007 1822:ISBN 1779:ISBN 1746:2007 1692:2021 1666:2021 1474:any 1472:cite 1396:Reid 1383:and 1381:Home 1034:and 1015:and 929:The 897:and 776:and 669:The 640:and 614:and 538:The 507:Agra 497:Aong 91:Date 62:and 3164:Art 1606:in 1533:at 1485:by 598:'s 382:60 377:42 123:EIC 3304:: 2008:^ 1991:. 1951:^ 1862:^ 1793:^ 1754:^ 1718:. 1683:. 1657:. 1640:. 1621:. 1123:. 1030:, 780:. 772:, 768:: 636:, 582:. 360:, 106:, 3236:) 3232:( 2265:e 2258:t 2251:v 2208:. 2189:. 2170:. 2148:. 2129:. 2105:. 2058:. 2002:. 1977:. 1936:. 1856:. 1830:. 1787:. 1748:. 1694:. 1668:. 1512:) 1506:( 1501:) 1497:( 1493:. 1479:. 1272:( 1217:( 1157:( 444:e 437:t 430:v 398:, 392:, 121:- 45:. 38:. 20:)

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