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The battlefield was the walled city of
Lachish, situated on a hill. The northern part of the hill is steeper than the southern side and due to that the gate is situated there. On top of the fact that the hill as of itself is quite high, the wall further makes the city hard to breach. Inside the city
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The
British Museum has a superb set of relief carvings which depicted the siege in some detail. It shows the Assyrian soldiers firing arrows, and slingstones, and approaching the walls of Lachish using mudbrick ramps. The attackers shelter behind wicker shields, and deploy battering rams. The walls
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Sennacherib, on a magnificent throne, watches as prisoners are brought before him and sometimes executed. There is a tent behind him, his chariot is in the foreground, and his bodyguard are stationed around. The King's face has been deliberately slashed, perhaps by an enemy soldier at the fall of
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This panel, which closes the
Lachish series, shows the base camp from which the siege was conducted. It is fortified, with a road through the middle. Servants are at work in tents, and two priests are performing a ceremony in front of the chariots on which are mounted the standards of the gods.
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The siege and capture of the town of
Lachish, one of the fortress towns protecting the approaches to Jerusalem, is unique in that it is mentioned in the Hebrew Bible (II Kings 18; II Chronicles 32)( MICAH 1:13 ) and in the Annals of the Assyrian king, Sennacherib. Not only that but the event is
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Due to the steepness of the northern side of
Lachish the Assyrian Army attacked from the south, where the Jewish defenders situated themselves on the walls. The Jewish defenders threw stones and shot arrows at the advancing Assyrians; the Assyrians started shooting arrows and stones themselves,
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The procession of prisoners from
Lachish continues, moving through a rocky landscape with vines, fig trees, and perhaps olives in the background. Officials regarded as responsible for the rebellion against Assyria are treated more severely: two of them are being flayed alive.
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The Judean military force was insignificant compared to the professional and massive
Assyrian army and mostly included local militias and mercenaries. There were barely any cavalrymen and chariots in the Judean army which mostly included infantry, either for close combat
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The reliefs continues showing the looting of the city, and defenders are shown being thrown over the ramparts, impaled, having their throats cut and asking for mercy. A bird's eye plan of the city is shown with house interiors shown in section.
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Assyrian siege-engine attacking the city wall of
Lachish, part of the ascending assaulting wave. Detail of a wall relief dating back to the reign of Sennacherib, 700-692 BCE. From Nineveh, Iraq, currently housed in the British
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creating a skirmish between the two armies. Meanwhile, Assyrian military engineers built a ramp to the east of the main gate where
Assyrian and Jewish troops began engaging in close combat. The Assyrians meanwhile brought
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The city was captured by the
Assyrians, its inhabitants led into captivity and the leaders of Lachish tortured to death. The town was abandoned, but resettled after the return from
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Siege of Lachish (701 BCE). Inscription: "Sennacherib King of the Universe, King of Assyria, sits on a throne and the spoils of Lachish are paraded before him." British Museum
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1085:, round shields, a chariot, a throne, and a pair of incense-burners. Below, Judean prisoners move in families, taking their goods and animals with them into exile."
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to the ramp and broke the wall; the Jewish defenders could not hold the Assyrian army and retreated, with some attempting to escape from the other side of the hill.
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The Fire Signals of Lachish: Studies In the Archaeology and History of Israel In the Late Bronze Age, Iron Age, and Persian Period In Honor of David Ussishkin.
1162:, it was identified by the text in it: "Sennacherib King of the Universe, King of Assyria, sits on a throne and the spoils of Lachish are paraded before him."
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Edelman, Diana. 2000. "What If We Had No Accounts of Sennacherib's Third Campaign or the Palace Reliefs Depicting his Capture of Lachish?"
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Cavalry; Assyrian cavalry were among the finest in the ancient Middle East and included both close-combat cavalry units with spears and
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and towers of Lachish are shown crowded with defenders shooting arrows, throwing rocks and torches on the heads of the attackers.
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king Senncharib. In retribution, he initiated a campaign to re-subjugate the rebelling kingdoms, among them the
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Judean captives being led away into slavery by the Assyrians after the siege of Lachish in 701 B.C. This
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1464:"Constructing the Assyrian siege ramp at Lachish: Texts, Iconography, Archaeology and Photogrammetry"
1241:"Constructing the Assyrian Siege Ramp at Lachish: Texts, Iconography, Archaeology and Photogrammetry"
814:). The infantry was highly trained and worked alongside military engineers in order to breach sieges.
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1324:"The Assyrian Attack on Lachish: The Archaeological Evidence from the Southwest Corner of the Site"
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was the most effective force of its time and was divided mostly into three different categories:
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Garfinkel, Yosef; Carroll, Jon W.; Pytlik, Michael; Mumcuoglu, Madeleine (2021-10-14).
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The Illustrated Dictionary and Concordance of the Bible – Page 566 by Geoffrey Wigoder
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Biblical Lachish: A Tale of Construction, Destruction, Excavation and Restoration.
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Garfinkel, Yosef; Carroll, Jon W.; Pytlik, Michael; Mumcuoglu, Madeleine (2021).
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Chariots, which were not used as much in sieges as in regular land engagements.
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Neo-Assyrian Empire's siege and conquest of the town of Lachish in 701 BCE
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clearly show battering rams attacking the vulnerable parts of the city.
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636:, came across Lachish: the second most important of the Jewish cities.
1447:--. 2015. "Sennacherib's Campaign in Judah: The Conquest of Lachish."
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Walton, John H.; Matthews, Victor H.; Chavalas, Mark W. (2000-11-08).
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Judaean people being deported into exile after the capture of Lachish
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in 701 BCE. The siege is documented in several sources including the
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Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible – Page 157, by David Noel Freedman
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The fall of Lachish, King Sennacherib reviews Judaean prisoners.
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The Siege of Lachish is the subject of an eponymous song (and
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After the capture of Lachish, Assyrian soldiers carry off
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depicted on the walls of Sennacherib’s palace at Nineveh.
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Tel-Aviv: Tel Aviv University, Institute of Archaeology.
1158:- A relief that was featured in Sennacherib's palace in
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The captions for the relief at the British Museum say:
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1361:
Dalley, Stephanie (2017-05-18), Frahm, Eckart (ed.),
1454:
Ussishkin, David, and Miriam Feinberg Vamosh. 2015.
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1289:The IVP Bible Background Commentary: Old Testament
711:itself there was a castle with significant walls.
1905:
908:), they were also significantly less organized.
1067:Booty from Lachish" Assyrian, about 700-692 BC
1011:is important for the knowledge of Judean dress.
1433:Finkelstein, Israel, and Nadav Na'aman. 2011.
1059:Siege of Lachish Relief in the British Museum.
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1174:Further sources for the conflict in general:
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950:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
867:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
770:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
678:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
580:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
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1215:List of artifacts significant to the Bible
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1546:Images of the Assyrian Reliefs of Lachish
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1038:Assyrian reliefs portraying the siege of
970:Learn how and when to remove this message
887:Learn how and when to remove this message
790:Learn how and when to remove this message
698:Learn how and when to remove this message
600:Learn how and when to remove this message
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
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1081:from the governor's palace: a bundle of
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1442:The Conquest of Lachish by Sennacherib.
1369:(1 ed.), Wiley, pp. 522–533,
1919:8th century BC in the Kingdom of Judah
1906:
1458:Jerusalem: Israel Exploration Society.
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1129:
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518:'s siege and conquest of the town of
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948:adding citations to reliable sources
915:
865:adding citations to reliable sources
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768:adding citations to reliable sources
735:
676:adding citations to reliable sources
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578:adding citations to reliable sources
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386:Sennacherib's campaign in the Levant
131:Sennacherib's campaign in the Levant
47:adding citations to reliable sources
18:
13:
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1220:List of conflicts in the Near East
1149:
14:
1965:
1680:Gideon's campaign (Well of Harod)
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1070:From Nineveh, South West Palace,
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1690:Benjamite War / Battle of Gibeah
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624:. After defeating the rebels of
550:
526:, Assyrian documents and in the
354:Campaigns of Tiglath-Pileser III
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23:
1836:Judah's revolts against Babylon
1814:Sennacherib's campaign in Judah
34:needs additional citations for
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1:
1754:Battle of the Wood of Ephraim
1670:Battle of the Waters of Merom
1469:Oxford Journal of Archaeology
1437:Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns.
1245:Oxford Journal of Archaeology
1225:
723:Assyrian arrowheads Lachish,
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318:Campaigns of Ashurnasirpal II
1685:Micah's Idol / Sack of Laish
1536:Resources in other libraries
1113:
330:Campaigns of Shalmaneser III
7:
1846:Siege of Jerusalem (587 BC)
1841:Siege of Jerusalem (597 BC)
1824:Assyrian siege of Jerusalem
1769:Shishak's raid of Jerusalem
1208:
616:ceased to pay taxes to the
342:Campaigns of Shamshi-Adad V
10:
1970:
1831:Battle of Megiddo (609 BC)
1632:War against the Midianites
1375:10.1002/9781118325216.ch26
1340:10.1179/tav.1990.1990.1.53
1929:Battles involving Assyria
1888:
1877:
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1784:
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1531:Resources in your library
1322:Ussishkin, David (1990).
440:Campaigns of Ashurbanipal
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250:
233:
216:
199:
148:
136:
128:
123:
1924:8th-century BC conflicts
1774:Battle of Mount Zemaraim
1440:Ussishkin, David. 1982.
911:
904:) or long range combat (
612:Several kingdoms in the
467:Medo-Babylonian conquest
381:Campaigns of Sennacherib
1428:Biblical Interpretation
1199:Antiquities of the Jews
423:Campaigns of Esarhaddon
1949:Wars of ancient Israel
1739:Battle of Mount Gilboa
1367:A Companion to Assyria
1292:. InterVarsity Press.
1203:Titus Flavius Josephus
1171:
1075:
1073:Room XXXVI, Panels 8-9
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987:
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376:Campaigns of Sargon II
217:Commanders and leaders
1804:Israelite–Aramean War
1675:Battle of Mount Tabor
1582:The Bible and warfare
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1006:
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251:Casualties and losses
1934:Hebrew Bible battles
1617:Crossing the Red Sea
1449:Journal for Semitics
1430:8, nos. 1–2: 88–103.
1412:The Siege of Lachish
944:improve this section
861:improve this section
764:improve this section
672:improve this section
574:improve this section
43:improve this article
1809:Syro-Ephraimite War
1194:Sennacherib's Prism
1130:Cultural references
1099:Nineveh in 612 BC.
986:Assyrian siege ramp
715:Forces of each side
516:Neo-Assyrian Empire
313:Rise of Neo-Assyria
301:Neo-Assyrian Empire
206:Neo-Assyrian Empire
1719:Battle of Michmash
1603:Torah / Pentateuch
1482:10.1111/ojoa.12231
1451:24, no. 2: 719–58.
1363:"Assyrian Warfare"
1257:10.1111/ojoa.12231
1189:Book of Chronicles
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58:"Siege of Lachish"
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1799:Battle of Zephath
1764:Jeroboam's Revolt
1655:Battle of Jericho
1622:Battle of Refidim
1512:Library resources
1384:978-1-4443-3593-4
1299:978-0-8308-1419-0
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804:Assyrian Army
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749:This section
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732:Assyrian army
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657:This section
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590:November 2021
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559:This section
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534:'s palace at
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347:Dur-Papsukkal
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60: –
59:
55:
54:Find sources:
48:
44:
38:
37:
32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
1901:
1892:Bible Portal
1890:
1818:
1759:Baal-perazim
1726:
1660:Battle of Ai
1526:Online books
1516:
1473:
1467:
1455:
1448:
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1427:
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1398:
1388:, retrieved
1366:
1356:
1334:(1): 53–86.
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1090:
1088:Panels 9–10
1087:
1076:
1072:
1069:
1066:
1062:
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1030:
989:
966:
957:
942:Please help
930:
898:
883:
874:
859:Please help
847:
801:
786:
777:
762:Please help
750:
709:
694:
685:
670:Please help
658:
611:
596:
587:
572:Please help
560:
524:Hebrew Bible
511:
509:
406:Diyala River
395:
256:
244:
239:
227:
200:Belligerents
105:
96:
86:
79:
72:
65:
53:
41:Please help
36:verification
33:
1954:Tel Lachish
1939:Sennacherib
1627:Golden calf
1122:to capture
999:Subjugation
960:August 2020
877:August 2020
829:Judean army
780:August 2020
688:August 2020
640:Battlefield
532:Sennacherib
472:2nd Babylon
416:1st Babylon
223:Sennacherib
1908:Categories
1390:2023-02-26
1226:References
542:Background
99:March 2020
69:newspapers
1498:239247575
1490:0262-5253
1348:0334-4355
1273:239247575
1265:0262-5253
1144:Melechesh
1124:Jerusalem
1120:rabshakeh
1114:Aftermath
1083:scimitars
1033:Babylonia
931:does not
848:does not
751:does not
659:does not
634:Jerusalem
630:Philistia
561:does not
401:Jerusalem
1328:Tel Aviv
1209:See also
902:spearmen
812:slingers
618:Assyrian
514:was the
234:Strength
161:Location
129:Part of
1914:700s BC
1734:Goliath
1732:versus
1730:Elhanan
1648:battles
1605:battles
1594:battles
1160:Nineveh
1079:plunder
1040:Lachish
952:removed
937:sources
906:archers
869:removed
854:sources
772:removed
757:sources
680:removed
665:sources
582:removed
567:sources
536:Nineveh
520:Lachish
492:Nineveh
482:Tarbisu
477:Arrapha
396:Lachish
257:Unknown
245:Unknown
240:Unknown
228:Unknown
166:Lachish
156:701 BCE
144:Museum.
83:scholar
1944:Sieges
1792:period
1786:Israel
1712:period
1646:Judges
1642:Joshua
1590:Hebrew
1514:about
1496:
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1381:
1346:
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1271:
1263:
1136:single
1009:relief
614:Levant
455:Ashdod
411:Halule
391:Azekah
335:Qarqar
177:Result
85:
78:
71:
64:
56:
1866:war (
1864:Purim
1790:Judah
1724:David
1592:Bible
1494:S2CID
1269:S2CID
1142:band
1140:metal
1138:) by
912:Siege
626:Ekron
487:Assur
460:Egypt
433:Egypt
359:Gezer
261:Heavy
90:JSTOR
76:books
1788:and
1644:and
1486:ISSN
1379:ISBN
1344:ISSN
1294:ISBN
1261:ISSN
935:any
933:cite
852:any
850:cite
802:The
755:any
753:cite
663:any
661:cite
565:any
563:cite
510:The
450:Susa
445:Ulai
323:Suru
153:Date
62:news
1478:doi
1371:doi
1336:doi
1253:doi
946:by
863:by
766:by
674:by
628:in
576:by
45:by
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39:.
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