85:
1610:
2317:
849:
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3944:. Inspired by Montesquieu, Bolívar believed that a government should conform to the needs and character of its region and inhabitants; in the Cartagena Manifesto, Bolívar stated that federalism as practiced in the United States was the "perfect" government but was unworkable in Spanish America because, he believed, Spanish imperialism had left Spanish Americans unprepared for federalism. Bolívar sought to prepare Colombia for a more liberal democracy via free, public education. Over the 1820s, Bolívar became increasingly disillusioned and authoritarian until, in 1830, he declared to Flores, "all who have served the Revolution have plowed the sea."
1792:
13352:
15918:
1883:", Bolívar first established a provisional government in Bogotá with Santander, and then left to resume campaigning against the Royalists in Venezuela on 20 September 1819. En route, he learned that Zea had been replaced as vice president in September 1819 by Arismendi, who was conspiring with Mariño against Urdaneta and Bermúdez. Bolívar arrived in Angostura on 11 December and, by being conciliatory, defused the plot. He then proposed the merging of New Granada and Venezuela to the congress on 14 December, which was approved. On 17 December, the congress issued a decree creating the Republic of
2419:
359:
1964:. All Royalist forces remaining in Venezuela were eliminated by August 1823. Bolívar entered Caracas in triumph on 29 June, and issued a decree on 16 July dividing Venezuela into three military zones governed by Páez, Bermúdez, and Mariño. Bolívar then met with the Congress of Cúcuta, which had ratified the formation of Gran Colombia and elected him as president and Santander as vice president in September. Bolívar accepted and was sworn in on 3 October, although he protested the establishment of a precedent of military leaders as head of the Colombian state.
4205:
1349:
Guaira on 6 July. Believing the republic to be doomed, Miranda decided to capitulate, shocking Bolívar and other
Republican officers. After formally surrendering his command to Monteverde on 25 July, Miranda made his way to La Guaira, where a group of officers including Bolívar arrested Miranda on 30 July on charges of treason against the republic. La Guaira declared for the Royalists the next day and closed its port on Monteverde's orders. Miranda was taken into Spanish custody and moved to a prison in Cádiz, where he died on 16 July 1816.
1028:
1477:
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1218:, a political organization advocating for independence from Spain, Bolívar and Miranda campaigned for and secured the latter's election to the congress. The congress first met on 2 March 1811 and declared its allegiance to Ferdinand VII. After it was discovered that one of the men leading the congress was a Spanish agent who had escaped with military documents, however, discourse – which Bolívar was prominent in – changed decidedly in favor of independence over 3 and 4 July. Finally, on 5 July, the congress
2340:, a Bolívar loyalist and the governor of New Granada, called a meeting of the city's elite that denounced the Convention of Ocaña and called on Bolívar to assume absolute power in Colombia. Bolívar returned to Bogotá on 24 June and on 27 August assumed supreme power as the "president-liberator" of Colombia, abolished the office of the vice president, and assigned Santander to a diplomatic posting in Washington, D.C. On 25 September 1828, a group of young liberals that included Santander's secretary made
2024:
1179:. Subsequent meetings produced no recognition or concrete support from Britain. Finding that he had many shared beliefs with Miranda, however, Bolívar convinced him to come back to Venezuela. On 22 September 1810, Bolívar left for Venezuela while López and Bello remained in London as diplomats, and arrived in La Guaira on 5 December. Although the British government wanted Miranda to remain in Britain, they could not prevent his departure, and he arrived in Venezuela later in December.
2280:
sentences. As he approached Bogotá, Bolívar was met by
Santander, who hoped to persuade Bolívar to his cause in the conflict with Páez. Although Santander was annoyed at Bolívar for his desire to return to power and ratify a version of the Bolivian constitution in Colombia, they reconciled and agreed that Bolívar would resume the presidency of Colombia; congress had reelected them to a second four-year term beginning on 2 January 1827. Bolívar arrived in Bogotá on 14 November 1826.
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1511:, a Venezuelan Republican who had fought Monteverde in the east throughout 1813 and was unwilling to subordinate himself to Bolívar. Venezuela was economically devastated and could not support the republic's armies, and people of color remained disenfranchised and thus unsupportive of the republic. The republic was assailed from all sides by slave revolts and Royalist forces, especially the Legion of Hell, an army of
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1429:, outlining what he believed to be the causes of the Venezuelan republic's defeat and his political program. In particular, Bolívar called for the disparate New Granadan republics to help him invade Venezuela to prevent a Royalist invasion of New Granada. Bolívar arrived on the Magdalena River on 21 December and, in spite of orders from Labatut to not act without his direction, launched
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2043:, the wife of a British merchant, with whom he began a lasting affair. From Quito, Bolívar traveled to Guayaquil in anticipation of a meeting with San Martín to discuss the city's status and to rally support for its annexation by Colombia. When San Martín arrived in Guayaquil on 26 July, Bolívar had already secured Guayaquil for Colombia, and the two-day
801:, on the northern coast of Spain, in May 1799. A little over a week later, he arrived in Madrid and joined Esteban, who found Bolívar to be "very ignorant." Esteban asked Gerónimo Enrique de Uztáriz y Tovar, a Caracas native and government official, to educate Bolívar. Bolívar moved into Uztáriz's residence in February 1800 and was educated in the
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July, Bolívar was informed that Sucre had been assassinated near Pasto while en route to Quito, and wrote to Flores to ask him to avenge Sucre. In
September, Urdaneta installed a conservative government in Bogotá and asked Bolívar to return, but he refused. With his health deteriorating and no ship forthcoming, Bolívar was moved by his staff to
1960:, he learned that Royalist-controlled Maracaibo had defected to Colombia and been occupied by Urdaneta. La Torre protested to Bolívar, who refused to return Maracaibo, leading to a renewal of hostilities on 28 April. Over May and June, Colombia's armies made rapid progress until, on 24 June, Bolívar and Páez decisively defeated La Torre at the
1082:, Bolívar returned to Philadelphia and sailed for Venezuela, where he arrived in June 1807. He began to meet with other creole elites to discuss independence from Spain. Finding himself to be far more radical than the rest of Caracas high society, however, Bolívar occupied himself with a property dispute with a neighbor,
1379:. Bolívar and Casa León convinced Francisco Iturbe, a friend of the Bolívar family and of Monteverde, to intercede on Bolívar's behalf and secure escape from Venezuela for him. Iturbe persuaded Monteverde to issue Bolívar a passport for his role in Miranda's arrest, and on 27 August he sailed for the island of
1465:, ordering the death of all Spaniards in South America not actively aiding his forces. Within six months, Bolívar pushed all the way to Caracas, which he entered on 6 August, and then drove Monteverde out of Venezuela in October. Bolívar returned to Caracas on 14 October and was named "The Liberator" (
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Determined to go into exile, Bolívar, who had given away or lost his fortune over his career, sold most of his remaining possessions and departed from Bogotá on 8 May 1830. He traveled down the
Magdalena to Cartagena, where he arrived by the end of June to wait for a ship to take him to England. On 1
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in early 1828 to modify the
Colombian constitution. The elections for this congress were held in November 1827 and, as Bolívar declined to campaign because he did not wish to be perceived as personally influencing the elections, were very favorable to his political opponents. In January 1828, Bolívar
2283:
On 25 November, Bolívar left Bogotá with an army supplied by
Santander and arrived at Puerto Cabello on 31 December, where he issued a general amnesty to Páez and his allies if they submitted to his authority. Páez accepted and in January 1827, Bolívar confirmed Páez's military authority in Venezuela
2140:
On 24 October, Bolívar received a letter from
Santander informing him that because he had accepted the dictatorship of Peru the Colombian congress had stripped him of his military and civil authority in favor of Sucre and Santander, respectively. Although indignant and resentful of Santander, Bolívar
1708:
Even with their combined forces, however, Bolívar, Mariño, and Bermúdez could not hold
Barcelona. Instead, on 25 March 1817, Bolívar began moving south to join Piar in Guayana, Piar's power base, and establish his own economic and political base there. Bolívar met Piar on 4 April, promoted him to the
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celebrating his return and the amnesty. That amnesty, and clashes over
Santander's handling of Colombia's finances, caused a break between Bolívar and Santander that became an open enmity in 1827. In February 1827, Bolívar submitted his resignation from the Presidency of Colombia, which its congress
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in March. News of the mutiny and its consequences arrived in
Colombia in March and was followed by orders from Spain to Morillo to publicize the constitution and negotiate a peace that would return Colombia to the Spanish Empire. Bolívar and Morillo, seeking to gain leverage over each other, delayed
1898:
Day, 1819, Bolívar left Angostura to direct campaigns against Royalist forces along the Caribbean coasts of Venezuela and New Granada. He met with Santander in Bogotá in March 1820, then rode to Cúcuta and inspected Republican forces in northern Colombia over April and May 1820. Meanwhile, Morillo's
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Bolívar returned to Haiti by early September, where Pétion again agreed to assist him. In his absence, the Republican leaders scattered across Venezuela, concentrating in the Llanos, and became disunited warlords. Unwilling to recognize Mariño's leadership, Arismendi wrote to Bolívar and dispatched
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In early 1825, Bolívar resigned from his offices in Colombia and Peru, but neither nation's congress accepted his resignation; on 10 February 1825, the Peruvian congress extended his dictatorship for another year. Accepting the extension, Bolívar settled into governing Peru and passing reforms that
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on 13 August. As a condition of assuming command of the Republican forces, Miranda had Bolívar stripped of his command of a militia unit. Bolívar nonetheless fought in the Valencia campaign as part of del Toro's militia and was selected by Miranda to bring news of its recapture to Caracas, where he
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Throughout his political career, Bolívar concerned himself with the construction of liberal democracy in Latin America and the region's place in the Atlantic world. By the 1820s, his goal was to create a federation of Latin American republics in Spanish America, each governed by a strong executive
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on 20 December 1830. In 1842, Páez secured the repatriation of Bolívar's remains, which were paraded through Caracas and then laid to rest in its cathedral in December together with his wife and parents; Bolívar's heart remained in Santa Marta. His remains were moved again in October 1876 into the
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on 16 March. He escaped assassination by Spanish infiltrators in April. Illness and additional Republican defeats obliged Bolívar to return to Angostura in May. For the rest of the year, he focused on administering the republic, rebuilding its armed forces, and organizing elections for a national
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Initial historical evaluations of Bolívar were at first negative, consisting of criticism of his conduct of the war, execution of Piar, betrayal of Miranda, and authoritarianism. These and other criticisms endure in studies of Bolívar. Beginning in 1842, however, popular opinion about Bolívar in
1348:
Bolívar arrived at Puerto Cabello on 4 May 1812. On 30 June, an officer of the fort's garrison loyal to the Royalists released its prisoners, armed them, and turned its cannons on Puerto Cabello. Weakened by shelling, defections, and lack of supplies, Bolívar and his remaining troops fled for La
3954:
Bolívar is the preeminent symbol of Latin America and the focus of what could seem almost unrivaled posthumous attention, seen from his own times forward as a force now for liberalism or other forms of modernity, now for old regime values and authoritarianism, now for a mix of the two, with the
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devastated Republican Venezuela; Caracas itself was almost totally destroyed. Bolívar, who was still near Caracas, rushed into the city to participate in the rescue of survivors and exhumation of the dead. The earthquake destroyed public support for the republic, as it was believed to have been
879:
Bolívar arrived in Spain in December 1803, then traveled to Madrid to console his father-in-law. In March 1804, the municipal authorities of Madrid ordered all non-residents in the city to leave to alleviate a bread shortage brought about by Spain's resumed hostilities with Britain. Over April,
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whom he viewed as both a motherly and fatherly figure. On 6 July 1792, María de la Concepción also died of tuberculosis. Believing that his family would inherit the Bolívars' wealth, Feliciano Palacios arranged marriages for María Antonia and Juana and, before dying on 5 December 1793, assigned
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In the aftermath of the attempted coup, Santander and the conspirators were arrested. Bolívar, depressed and ill, considered resigning from politics and pardoning the conspirators, but was dissuaded from this by his officers. Padilla, though uninvolved with the attempted coup, was executed for
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Bolívar arrived in Guayaquil on 13 September 1826 and heard complaints against Santander's governance from the people of Guayaquil and Quito, who declared him their dictator. From Ecuador, he continued north and heard more complaints, promoted civil and military officers, and commuted prison
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Styled as Liberator President of the Republic of Colombia, Liberator of Peru, and Charged with the Supreme Command of it. The term "president" was not in common use at the time of Bolívar's designation. Whether this then makes Bolívar not the first president is a minor source of academic
1625:, on 14 May 1815 and, as in his earlier exile on Curaçao, ruminated on the fall of the Venezuelan and New Granadan republics. He wrote extensively, requesting assistance from Britain and corresponding with merchants based in the Caribbean. This culminated in September 1815 with the
1876:. On 10 August, Bolívar entered Bogotá, which the Spanish officials had hastily abandoned, and captured the viceregal treasury and armories. After sending forces to secure Republican control of central New Granada, Bolívar paraded through Bogotá on 18 September with Santander.
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In November 1823, Riva Agüero, who plotted with the Royalists against Bolívar, was betrayed by his officers to Bolívar and exiled from Peru. While Bolívar was bedridden with fever over the first two months of 1824, Tagle defected to the Royalists with the garrison and city of
723:. In June 1795, Bolívar fled his uncle's custody for the house of his sister María Antonia and her husband. The couple sought formal recognition of his change of residence, but the Real Audiencia decided the matter in favor of Palacios, who sent Simón to live with Rodríguez.
1717:) on 2 May. Meanwhile, Mariño went east to reestablish his power base and on 8 May convened a congress of ten men, including Brión and Zea, that named Mariño as supreme commander of the Republican forces. This backfired and provoked the defection of 30 officers, including
2098:
and briefly took Lima. In response, the Peruvian congress named Bolívar dictator of Peru on 10 February 1824. Bolívar moved to northern Peru in March and began assembling an army. His repeated demands for additional men and money strained his relationship with Santander.
2395:. In November, Bolívar ordered the council to cease its planning; instead they resigned. Venezuelans, encouraged by a circular letter Bolívar had published in October, voted to secede from Colombia. On 15 January 1830, Bolívar arrived in Bogotá and on 20 January the
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asked Bolívar several times in 1823 to assume command of their forces. Bolívar responded by sending an army under Sucre to assist, then delayed his own departure to Peru until he obtained permission from the Colombian congress on 3 August. When Bolívar arrived in
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and Peru, and Bolívar feared San Martín would absorb Ecuador into Peru. In October 1821, after congress empowered him to secure Ecuador for Colombia, Bolívar assembled an army in Bogotá that departed on 13 December 1821. His advance was halted by illness and a
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as Simón José Antonio de la Santísima Trinidad Bolívar y Palacios on 30 July. The first of Bolívar's family to have emigrated to the Americas was a similarly named minor Spanish governmental official named Simón de Bolívar, who had been a notary in the Spanish
532:
In his final years, Bolívar became increasingly disillusioned with the South American republics, and distanced from them because of his centralist ideology. He was successively removed from his offices until he resigned the presidency of Colombia and died of
3928:. The tutelage of Simón Rodríguez, a student of Rousseau, has been traditionally seen as foundational for Bolívar's beliefs. Also important to Bolívar's intellectual development were his stays in Paris from 1804 to 1806 and in London in 1810. Bolívar was an
726:
After two months there, the Real Audiencia directed that he be returned to the Palacios family home. Bolívar promised the Real Audiencia that he would focus on his education and was subsequently taught full-time by Rodríguez and the Venezuelan intellectuals
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From Potosí, Bolívar traveled to Chuquisaca and appointed Sucre to govern Bolivia on 29 December 1825; he departed for Peru on 1 January 1826. Bolívar arrived in Lima on 10 February and dispatched his draft of the Bolivian constitution to Sucre on 12 May.
3980:. He has been memorialized across the world in literature, public monuments, and historiography, and paid tribute to in the names of towns, cities, provinces, and other people. The Quinta near Santa Marta has been preserved as a museum to Bolívar and
589:, and who had later arrived in Venezuela in the 1580s. The earlier Simón de Bolívar's descendants had served in the colonial bureaucracy and had married into various wealthy Caracas families over the years. By the time Simón Bolívar was born, the
2301:
was joined in Bogotá by Sáenz, but on 16 March 1828 he left the capital after being informed of a Spanish-backed rebellion in Venezuela. As that revolt was crushed before he arrived, Bolívar turned his attention to the occupation of Cartagena by
2050:
Over the rest of 1822, Bolívar traveled around Ecuador to complete its annexation while dispatching officers to suppress repeated rebellions in Pasto and resisting calls to return to Bogotá or Venezuela. Meanwhile, Royalist forces under general
1162:
The three delegates first met Miranda at his London residence, despite instructions from the Supreme Junta to avoid him, and thereafter received the benefit of his connections and consultation. On 16 July 1810, the Venezuelan delegation met the
1263:, to command these forces, which opened a breach between Bolívar and Miranda. Bolívar and del Toro were close friends, while del Toro and Miranda and their families were enemies. After he failed to suppress a Royalist uprising in the city of
541:
throughout Latin America; the nations of Bolivia and Venezuela (as the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela) are named after him, and he has been memorialized all over the world in the form of public art or street names and in popular culture.
1140:, Bolívar and his brother returned to the city and offered their services to the Supreme Junta as diplomats. In May 1810, Juan Vicente was sent to the United States to buy weapons, while Simón secured a place in a diplomatic mission to
876:, one of his generals and biographers, that he swore to never remarry. By July 1803, Bolívar had decided to leave Venezuela for Europe. He entrusted his estates to an agent and his brother and in October boarded a ship bound for Cádiz.
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Returning to Les Cayes, Bolívar held a conference with the Republican leaders in Haiti and was made supreme leader with Mariño as his chief of staff. The Republicans departed Les Cayes for Venezuela on 31 March 1816 and followed the
1840:
was beginning in the Llanos, Bolívar met with his officers and revealed his intention to invade and liberate New Granada from Royalist occupation, which he had prepared for by sending Santander to build up Republican forces in
1824:
and racial equality, and relinquished civil authority to the congress. On 16 February, the congress elected Bolívar as president and Zea as vice president. On 27 February, Bolívar left Angostura to rejoin Páez in the west and
520:
in 1819. Bolívar and his allies defeated the Spanish in New Granada in 1819, Venezuela and Panama in 1821, Ecuador in 1822, Peru in 1824, and Bolivia in 1825. Venezuela, New Granada, Ecuador, and Panama were merged into the
1296:... I climbed over the ruins and entered, and I immediately saw about forty persons dead or dying under the rubble. I climbed out again and I shall never forget that moment. On the top of the ruins I found Don Simón Bolívar
1116:, the Captain-General of Venezuela, and were arrested. Bolívar, though he did not sign the petition and thus was not arrested, was warned to cease hosting or attending seditious meetings. In May 1809, Casas was replaced by
2480:
set up a commission to investigate his claim that Bolívar had been poisoned by "New Granada traitors." The commission exhumed Bolívar's remains on 16 July 2010. The results, made public on 26 July 2011, were inconclusive;
1448:
In early March 1813, Bolívar set up his headquarters in Cúcuta and sent José Félix Ribas to request permission to invade Venezuela. Though rewarded with honorary citizenship in New Granada and a promotion to the rank of
2364:. He left behind a council of ministers led by Urdaneta to govern Colombia and announced that a congress would convene in January 1830 to devise a new constitution. Over 1829, Obando was defeated by Colombian general
1131:
for Ferdinand VII. This news, and two delegates that included Carlos de Montúfar, arrived in Venezuela on 17 April 1810. Two days later, the creoles succeeded in deposing and then expelling Emparán, and created the
1552:, declared Bolívar and Mariño to be traitors and forced them to return to the mainland. There, Ribas also accused Bolívar and Mariño of treachery, confiscated the treasure, and then exiled the two on 8 September.
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570:
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Biographers disagree on the exact date Miranda arrived in Venezuela in December 1810. Arana says 10 December, Lynch says 11 December, Masur and Langley say 12 December, Slatta and de Grummond say 13 December.
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2492:, citing a paper by infectious disease specialist Paul Auwaerter. Following Chávez's remarks, Auwaerter stated that the arsenic likely came from medicines Bolívar had ingested to treat his illnesses.
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for six weeks. His change of focus allowed the Royalist forces to regain control of the Magdalena. On 8 May, Bolívar made a truce with del Castillo, resigned his command, and sailed for self-exile on
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Bolívar departed Venezuela to return to Bogotá in July 1827. He arrived on 10 September with an army he had gathered at Cartagena and secured the calling of a new congress to meet at the city of
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Venezuela became overwhelmingly positive and eventually became what has been described by scholars as the "cult of Bolívar", led by succeeding heads of the Venezuelan state. In 1998, President
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by a mutual friend. Bolívar and Pétion impressed and befriended each other and, after Bolívar pledged to free every slave in the areas he occupied, Pétion gave him money and military supplies.
1418:, to give Bolívar a military command. Labatut, a former partisan of Miranda, begrudgingly obliged and on 1 December 1812 placed Bolívar in command of the 70-man garrison of a town on the lower
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in early August. Angostura became the provisional Republican capital and in September, Bolívar began creating formal political and military structures for the republic. Following a meeting at
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treason for his earlier rebellion; Santander, whom Bolívar thought responsible for the plot, was pardoned but exiled from Colombia. In December 1828, Bolívar left Bogotá to respond to Peru's
1229:. It had a weak base of support and enemies in conservative whites, disenfranchised people of color, and the already hostile Venezuelan provinces, which received troops and supplies from the
12801:
1112:, sought to form their own local government in place of the existing Spanish government. On 24 November 1808, a group of creoles presented a petition demanding an independent government to
812:, her previous favorite, returned to power. As members of Mallo's faction at court, Esteban was arrested on pretense, and Bolívar was banished from court following a public incident at the
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and pursued to Barcelona by a larger Royalist force. At Bolívar's request, Mariño arrived on 8 February with Bermúdez, who then reconciled with Bolívar, and forced a Royalist withdrawal.
1453:, that permission did not come until 7 May because of del Castillo's opposition to the invasion. When a limited invasion was permitted, Castillo resigned his command and was succeeded by
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and its Royalist leanings during the wars of independence, he sought to co-opt its social capital for the benefit of the republics he established rather than dismember the Church.
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convened in the city. Bolívar submitted his resignation from the presidency, which the congress did not accept until 27 April, following the appointment of New Granadan politician
1525:. Beginning in February 1814, Boves surged out of the Llanos and overwhelmed the republic, occupying Caracas on 16 July and then destroying Mariño's powerbase on 5 December at the
1242:
559:
13022:
2233:
1988:. Pasto and Quito were Royalist strongholds, while Guayaquil had declared its independence on 9 October 1820 and had been garrisoned by Sucre on Bolívar's orders in January 1821.
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was ratified with modification by the Bolivian congress in July 1826. Peru, whose elites chafed at Bolívar's rule and the presence of his soldiers, was also induced to accept
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709:
2305:, a New Granadan admiral and Santander loyalist. Padilla's rebellion was also crushed before Bolívar arrived, however, and he was arrested and imprisoned in Bogotá. As the
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wrote to him on 10 November to communicate his acquiescence and reoccupied Lima on 5 December 1824. On 9 December, Sucre decisively defeated La Serna's Royalists at the
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on 24 May 1822, and occupied Quito. On 6 June, Pasto surrendered, and ten days later Bolívar paraded through Quito with Sucre. He also met the Ecuadorian Republican
1404:
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economic reforms and began to hold elections for representatives to a congress to be held in Caracas. It had also alienated Caracas from the Venezuelan provinces of
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Masur, Langley, and Arana state that Bolívar issued his proclamation of emancipation in early June. Slatta, de Grummond, and Lynch state that it was issued in July.
1925:
1900:
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732:
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3932:, and sought British aid in securing Latin American independence. The extent of Bolívar's religiosity is debated; while Bolívar resented the social capital of the
1306:
1145:
461:. In 1807, Bolívar returned to Venezuela and promoted Venezuelan independence to other wealthy creoles. When the Spanish authority in the Americas weakened due to
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4261:"Ley Disponiendo Que El Ejecutivo Comunique A Bolívar La Abolición De La Constitución Vitalicia Y La Elección De Presidente De La República, 22 de Junio de 1827"
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1939:
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forced him to go into exile, and Bolívar was enrolled in an honorary militia force. When he was commissioned as an officer after a year, his uncles Carlos and
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succeed Bolívar on his death as King of Colombia. This plan was widely unpopular, and inspired Córdova to launch a revolt that was crushed in October 1829 by
2047:
produced no agreement between Bolívar and San Martín. Ill, politically isolated, and disillusioned, San Martín resigned from his offices and went into exile.
433:) but lost both parents as a child. Bolívar was educated abroad and lived in Spain, as was common for men of upper-class families in his day. While living in
16146:
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As a child, Bolívar was notoriously unruly and neglected his studies. Before his mother died, he spent two years under the tutelage of the Venezuelan lawyer
1120:
and his staff, which included Fernando Rodríguez del Toro. The creoles also resisted Emparán's government, despite his friendlier disposition towards them.
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1920:
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at his request, and then issued an arrest warrant on 23 July after Piar began fomenting rebellion, alleging that Bolívar had dismissed him because of his
836:
in 1801, Bolívar himself left for Bilbao and remained there when the del Toros returned to the capital in August 1801. Early in 1802, Bolívar traveled to
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1701:, who controlled most of the western Llanos, to unite under his leadership. On 8 January 1817, Bolívar marched towards Caracas but was defeated at the
2261:. On 3 September, responding to pleas for his return to Colombia, Bolívar departed Peru and left it under a governing council led by Bolivian general
1596:
1567:, and was given command of New Granada's armies in January 1815. Bolívar next grappled with del Castillo, who had taken control of Cartagena. Bolívar
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eastward. After a delay to allow a lover of Bolívar's to join the fleet, it arrived on 2 May at Margarita Island, controlled by Republican commander
1253:
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as "at once privileged and deprived." Juan Vicente died of tuberculosis on 19 January 1786, leaving María de la Concepción Palacios and her father,
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1826:
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512:. After promising to abolish slavery in Spanish America, Bolívar received military support from Pétion and returned to Venezuela. He established a
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517:
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1665:. Bolívar next moved to the mainland, where he declared the emancipation of all slaves and annulled of the Decree of War to the Death. He seized
11593:
16171:
16076:
2035:
To the south, Sucre, who had been trapped in Guayaquil by Royalist advances from Quito, now advanced, decisively defeated the Royalists at the
900:
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15808:
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11173:
817:
442:
321:
11550:
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to face Bolívar. Heavy rainfall in September halted Bolívar's advance, and on 6 October he gave command of the army to Sucre and moved to
1433:
that secured control of the Magdalena River from Royalist forces by 8 January 1813. In February, he joined forces with Republican colonel
7879:
1337:
overran western Venezuela. Miranda, retreating east with a disintegrating army, ordered Bolívar to assume command of the coastal city of
1141:
2156:
of all Royalist forces in Peru. The garrison of Callao and Olañeta ignored the surrender. Shortly after arriving in Lima, Bolívar began
2087:
16206:
16121:
16101:
15674:
10413:
10134:
4357:
4000:, who had made extensive use of Bolívar's image for government projects and initiatives, changed the official name of Venezuela to the
1560:
13373:
1693:, a Dutch merchant, and arrived ten days later at Barcelona. There, Bolívar announced his return and called for a congress for a new,
123:
15442:
1168:
10038:
3968:
Bolívar has had an immense legacy, becoming the essential personality of Latin America. The currencies of Venezuela and Bolivia—the
2344:
and overthrow his government. The attempt was thwarted by Sáenz, who bought time for Bolívar to escape as the assassins entered the
1005:, and Humboldt again. Rome's sites and history excited Bolívar. On 18 August 1805, when he, del Toro, and Rodríguez traveled to the
84:
16126:
15603:
13254:
11527:
11013:
1238:
481:
13890:
9180:
4352:
16091:
12908:
12028:
3436:
1175:. Led by Bolívar, the Venezuelans argued in favor of Venezuelan independence, which Wellesley stated that it was intolerable for
868:
on 15 June and sailed for La Guaira, where they arrived on 12 July. They settled in Caracas, where del Toro fell ill and died of
13947:
7755:
51:
16071:
15583:
15528:
13054:
12806:
3989:
2580:
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announced that the commission could not prove Chávez's claim. Chávez continued to claim that Bolívar had been assassinated via
1219:
627:
14285:
13842:
10881:
2452:
1629:, in which Bolívar again laid out his ideology and vision of the future of the Americas. On 9 December, the Venezuelan pirate
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12608:
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1733:
heritage. Piar was captured on 27 September as he fled to join Mariño and was brought to Angostura, where he was executed by
1022:
654:(born 1781), and Simón – were raised separately from each other and their mother, and, following colonial custom, by African
473:
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12451:
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As Boves approached Caracas, Bolívar ordered the city stripped of its gold and silver, which was moved through La Guaira to
1324:
Beginning in November 1811, Royalist forces began pushing back the Republicans from the north and east. On 26 March 1812, a
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1108:. This news arrived in Venezuela in July 1808. Napoleonic rule was rejected and Venezuelan creoles, though still loyal to
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that was managed by Simón Rodríguez. In April 1825, Bolívar began a tour of southern Peru that took him to the cities of
1540:. Bolívar then led 20,000 of its citizens east. He arrived in Barcelona on 2 August, but following another defeat at the
1207:
35:
14402:
12828:
12395:
Racine, Karen. "Simón Bolívar, Englishman: Elite Responsibility and Social Reform in Spanish American Independence". In
11353:
2348:, and the Colombian Army. Bolívar spent the night hiding under a bridge until soldiers loyal to his regime rescued him.
2328:
The convention appeared likely to adopt a federalist system. To prevent this, on 11 June 1828 Bolívar's allies staged a
2160:
that lasted until January 1826, and sent Sucre into Upper Peru to eliminate Olañeta. However, Oleñeta was killed at the
649:
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15507:
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on 30 January 1818, Páez recognized Bolívar as supreme leader. In February 1818, the Republicans moved north and took
1247:
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on 15 February 1819. There, Bolívar gave a speech in which he advocated for a centralized government modeled on the
1737:
on 16 October. Bolívar then sent Sucre to reconcile with Mariño, who pledged loyalty to Bolívar on 26 January 1818.
886:
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12725:
5383:
5323:
4001:
3981:
3933:
3705:
3376:
2066:
1821:
1230:
681:, respectively. Bolívar came to loathe Carlos Palacios, who had no interest in the boy other than his inheritance.
12583:"La encrucijada del cambio: Simón Bolívar entre dos paradigmas (una reflexión ante la encrucijada postindustrial)"
11237:
10686:
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3617:
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2321:
17:
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15793:
15745:
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15538:
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12629:
Racine, Karen. "Simón Bolívar and friends: Recent biographies of independence figures in Colombia and Venezuela"
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While Bolívar was away, Urdaneta and the council of ministers planned with French envoys to have a member of the
2289:
rejected. Meanwhile, the Colombian soldiers garrisoned in Lima mutinied, arrested their Venezuelan officers, and
2129:
on 6 August, driving them out of Peru. Choosing to ignore Olañeta, la Serna ordered his forces to concentrate at
1507:, and Guayana was controlled by Republicans, Bolívar only governed western Venezuela. The east was controlled by
1396:
1088:
860:
Bolívar and del Toro, aged 18 and 21 respectively, were married in Madrid on 26 May 1802. The couple boarded the
586:
493:
14337:
13537:
12428:"Don Gerónimo Enrique de Uztáriz y Tovar. II Marqués de Uztáriz. Protector y maestro de Simón Bolívar en Madrid"
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14363:
14064:
13921:
13769:
13585:
13567:
13552:
13107:
13099:
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12938:
12197:
11389:
11137:
3865:
2711:
2459:
2353:
1857:
1777:
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555:
477:
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286:
252:
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15250:
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of the Andes on 22 June and began a grueling crossing. On 6 July, the Republicans descended from the Andes at
1637:. Bolívar tentatively accepted and escaped assassination that night when his manservant mistakenly killed his
1042:
By April 1806, Bolívar had returned to Paris and desired passage to Venezuela, where Venezuelan revolutionary
947:... that I will not rest body or soul until I have broken the chains binding us to the will of Spanish might!
537:
in 1830. His legacy is diverse and far-reaching within Latin America and beyond. He is regarded as a hero and
15435:
14848:
14762:
14324:
14038:
13296:
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12540:
Gómez Pernia, Alejandro E. "The Liberator's Sword: The Most Precious Relic of the Bolivarian Revolution". In
12220:
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9739:
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9436:
8783:
8519:
8467:
3002:
2165:
1993:
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Bolívar escaped La Guaira early on 31 July 1812 and rode to Caracas, where he hid from arrest in the home of
1215:
978:
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15335:
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13512:
13502:
13479:
13426:
13316:
7827:
3612:
1374:
848:
743:
16196:
16161:
16131:
15205:
14792:
14012:
13610:
13416:
13411:
13388:
13336:
13080:
12970:
12965:
12872:
11583:
8543:
7619:
6631:
4573:
4005:
3827:
3790:
3710:
3670:
3572:
3567:
1911:
1801:
1678:
1496:
1454:
1437:, who requested Bolívar's assistance with stopping a Royalist advance into New Granada from Venezuela, and
1409:
1155:
and Andrés Bello by paying for the mission. The trio boarded a British warship in June 1810 and arrived at
918:, and Simón Rodríguez, who joined Bolívar and del Toro in their apartment. While in Paris, Bolívar began a
752:
699:
489:
382:
December 1830) was a Venezuelan statesman and military officer who led what are currently the countries of
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15255:
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12817:
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2192:
and Cuzco by August. As Bolívar approached Upper Peru, a congress gathered in the city of Chuquisaca (now
1609:
638:
16061:
16041:
15735:
15190:
15175:
15160:
14925:
14867:
13934:
13421:
13205:
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12518:
10110:
9851:
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respectively—are named after Bolívar. In the English-speaking world, Bolívar is known as Latin America's
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2337:
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2116:
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2001:
1905:
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1226:
676:
513:
485:
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15180:
14281:
14077:
13973:
13705:
13635:
13547:
13464:
13446:
10493:
10491:
1400:
31:
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15725:
15679:
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15480:
15475:
15320:
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parties respectively. Bolívar continued to have such a cultural influence in Colombia that in 1974 the
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1977:
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1462:
1434:
1334:
1059:
784:
16106:
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15005:
14311:
13995:
13700:
13685:
13557:
11416:
10909:
2365:
737:
15760:
15750:
15300:
15135:
15130:
15020:
14985:
14636:
14502:
13640:
13494:
13484:
11490:
11325:
10488:
10246:
8876:
8607:
8275:
7500:
3675:
3642:
3542:
3537:
3207:
2824:
1311:
1234:
1164:
1150:
694:
14376:
13943:
13886:
13860:
13838:
13730:
13660:
13650:
8031:
7552:
2302:
2213:
1273:
165:
15428:
14727:
14649:
14571:
12843:
12622:
12314:
7248:
7116:
5647:
5535:
3901:
3700:
3695:
3690:
3592:
3167:
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1956:
In February 1821, as Bolívar was traveling from Bogotá to Cúcuta in anticipation of the opening of
1944:
1214:, which professed loyalty to the regency council, and began hostilities with them. Co-founding the
664:
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14229:
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11419:[Venezuela Exhumes Body of Simón Bolívar to Investigate If He Was Poisoned with Arsenic].
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were largely not carried out, such as a school system based on the principles of English educator
2103:
2015:
1722:
220:
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15803:
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15200:
15145:
15010:
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13982:
13695:
13615:
13456:
13431:
13403:
13301:
12868:
12278:
12140:
11560:
11201:
10705:
8367:
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8207:
8107:
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1997:
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brought Bolívar news from New Granada and asked him to join the Republican community in exile in
1333:
for declaring independence from Spain. By April, a Royalist army under the Spanish naval officer
1325:
1176:
15240:
15220:
14990:
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13562:
7695:
5575:
4898:
4783:
2262:
1485:
1384:
1036:
15310:
15285:
15230:
15155:
15125:
14779:
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13680:
13655:
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12158:
7783:
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2341:
2293:, allowing Bolívar's opponents in Peru to depose him as president and repeal his constitution.
2274:
2255:
organized by Bolívar convened without his attendance and produced no change in the hemispheric
2157:
1762:
1698:
1345:, which contained Royalist prisoners and most of the republic's remaining arms and ammunition.
1317:
1258:
1109:
1101:
927:
891:, a childhood friend and relative of his wife, made their way to Paris and arrived in time for
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2168:
serving as his second in command, Sucre completed the liberation of Upper Peru in April 1825.
1852:
Bolívar entered Casanare Province with his army on 4 June 1819, then met up with Santander at
1831:
15375:
15330:
15140:
15105:
15090:
14298:
14255:
13908:
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13715:
13675:
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13270:
13131:
13005:
12673:
12170:
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10801:
10659:
10345:
10090:
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9400:
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3992:"to reward an activity of outstanding merit in accordance with the ideals of Simón Bolívar."
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arrived on 1 September. Late in October, the exiles arranged for passage west to the city of
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1992:
declared its independence on 28 November 1821 and joined Colombia. Peru had been invaded by
1957:
1669:
on 31 May and sent Mariño and Piar into Guayana to build their own army, then took and held
1555:
Bolívar arrived in Cartagena on 19 September and then met with the New Granadan congress in
1469:) by its town council, a title first given to him by the citizens of the Venezuelan town of
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2010:
1938:. Bolívar and Morillo signed the treaties on 25 and 26 November, then met the next day at
1300:... He saw me and , "We will fight nature itself if it opposes us, and force it to obey."
1136:, independent from the Spanish regency but not Ferdinand VII. Absent from Caracas for the
1002:
8:
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1985:
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and left Páez, Mariño, Urdaneta, and Bermúdez to tie down Morillo's forces in Venezuela.
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1470:
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at Bolívar's direction in January and then pardoned, while Sucre and Venezuelan general
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as a result of this error. In July, 8,000 Spanish soldiers commanded by Spanish general
1438:
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from 1799 to 1804. Bolívar allegedly discussed Spanish American independence with them.
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2142:
1961:
1950:
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1330:
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65:
57:
15690:
Initiative for the Integration of the Regional Infrastructure of South America (IIRSA)
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to convince him to return. Bolívar and Zea set sail for Venezuela on 21 December with
1508:
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1117:
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United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC, CEPAL)
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12121:
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1342:
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over the wearing of diamonds without royal permission. Bolívar also at this time met
142:
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15030:
14955:
14915:
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13123:
12596:. Caracas: Ministerio del Poder Popular para la Comunicación y la Información, 2009.
11417:"Exhuman el cadáver de Simón Bolívar para investigar si fue envenenado con arsénico"
3102:
2560:
2418:
1887:, including the regions of Venezuela, New Granada, and the still Spanish-controlled
1845:
in August 1818. On 27 May, Bolívar marched with more than 2,000 soldiers toward the
1714:
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177:
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from 6 to 14 July, when it was recaptured by the Royalists. Bolívar fled by sea to
1614:
1545:
1499:, which retained the weaknesses of the first republic. Though all of Venezuela but
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in October and then, at the invitation of a Spanish landowner in the area, to the
2284:
and entered Caracas with him to much jubilation; for two months, Bolívar attended
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Safford, Frank. "Bolívar as Triumphal State Maker and Despairing "Democrat"". In
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2083:
2006:
1973:
1864:
and into the plains of New Granada. After a brief convalescence, the Republicans
1718:
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1419:
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935:
905:
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458:
135:
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near Santa Marta. There, on 17 December 1830, at the age of 47, Bolívar died of
2171:
2122:
1771:. Bolívar next advanced towards Caracas, but was defeated while en route at the
1713:, and then joined a force of Piar's troops besieging the city of Angostura (now
772:
728:
15910:
15898:
15874:
15395:
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15195:
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14632:
13725:
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Bolívar's Afterlife in the Americas: Biography, Ideology, and the Public Sphere
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2221:
2074:, Peru's capital, on 1 September, Peru was split between two rival presidents,
1630:
1626:
1415:
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4016:, an insurgent leftist group that later joined an alliance thereof called the
3997:
3077:
2477:
1544:
on 17 August 1814, he moved to Cumaná. On 26 August, he sailed with Mariño to
872:
on 22 January 1803. Bolívar was devastated by del Toro's death and later told
843:
16035:
15934:
15486:
15400:
15385:
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9148:
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8587:
8503:
8399:
8239:
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8087:
7715:
7603:
4727:
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4326:
4004:. In Colombia, allegiance or opposition to Bolívar formed the bedrock of the
3905:
3893:
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3456:
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3192:
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2511:
1880:
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1203:
1133:
1113:
1079:
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while he awaited permission to return to Madrid, which was granted in April.
526:
273:
15115:
13745:
13226:
7863:
6752:
5847:
5423:
4878:
2485:
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Bolívar's death has been the subject of conspiracy theories advanced by the
1690:
14112:
13605:
12892:
11457:
6367:
6351:
5098:
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3292:
3272:
3257:
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372:
Simón José Antonio de la Santísima Trinidad Bolívar Palacios Ponte y Blanco
42:
12603:. London: University of London Institute of Latin American Studies, 1983.
11712:
10397:
5971:
5719:
5671:
5559:
5439:
5239:
5118:
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was opened as a museum and archive of his papers on 5 July 1921. In 1978,
1476:
1013:
in the 4th century BC, Bolívar swore to end Spanish rule in the Americas.
865:
15946:
15618:
14775:
14749:
14710:
14554:
14541:
13239:
12404:
Jaksic, Iván. "Simón Bolívar and Andrés Bello: The Republican Ideal". In
12252:
12105:
11660:
8415:
4954:
4819:
3921:
3770:
3307:
3247:
3197:
3142:
2937:
2869:
2595:
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2310:
1949:. After this meeting, Morillo turned his command over to Spanish general
1891:, and elected Bolívar and Zea president and vice president respectively.
1587:
1549:
1279:
argued for more punitive and forceful campaigning against the Royalists.
1237:. On 13 July 1811, the republic raised militias to fight the pro-Spanish
977:. The trio arrived on 26 May 1805 and witnessed Napoleon's coronation as
825:
655:
269:
13761:
11764:
3850:
2208:, and asked him to write a constitution for Bolivia. Bolívar arrived in
1677:
where, on 22 August, he was deposed by Mariño and Venezuelan Republican
1666:
1641:
as part of a Spanish plot. He left Jamaica eight days later, arrived in
1604:
1123:
By February 1810, French victories in Spain prompted the dissolution of
824:
in August 1800, but were separated when the del Toros left Madrid for a
15588:
14294:
12338:
3929:
3917:
3810:
3800:
3262:
3227:
3152:
3137:
3072:
2997:
2942:
2844:
2789:
2668:
2653:
2257:
2248:
2107:
1935:
1837:
1199:
1192:
1156:
1006:
970:
958:
853:
670:
custody of Juan Vicente and Simón to his sons, Juan Félix Palacios and
450:
12571:(Second edition). Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 1994.
11931:
11608:
10725:
7004:
1915:
talks until 21 November, when Colombian and Royalist delegates met in
1380:
798:
15783:
15623:
14859:
14801:
12634:
12613:
12495:
12064:
11453:"Hugo Chávez Claims Simón Bolívar Was Murdered Not Backed by Science"
11157:
9707:
9092:
8731:
7907:
5599:
4076:
as Supreme Political and Military Authority of the Peruvian Republic.
3282:
2962:
2658:
2550:
2121:
against la Serna. Bolívar seized the opportunity to advance into the
2023:
1972:
After the Battle of Carabobo, Bolívar turned his attention south, to
1895:
1642:
1638:
1500:
1399:
against the Royalists. They arrived in November and were welcomed by
1187:
982:
790:
766:
387:
12305:
Armillas-Tiseyra, Magalí (Fall 2013). "Introduction: Dislocations".
6591:
5815:
2209:
1674:
1564:
1537:
1442:
1292:... I saw the church of San Jacinto collapse on its own foundations.
15669:
15593:
13577:
12904:
11935:
11522:
5086:
3127:
2884:
2648:
2585:
2189:
2134:
1884:
1753:
1658:
1492:
1267:
later in July, the congress replaced del Toro with Miranda, and he
990:
957:
In April 1805, Bolívar left Paris with Rodríguez and del Toro on a
892:
802:
684:
581:
383:
15789:
Dominican Republic–Central America Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA-DR)
15420:
11354:"Chávez, Assailed on Many Fronts, Is Riveted by 19th-Century Idol"
7452:
6928:
6047:
5755:
5074:
4673:
4671:
794:
11221:
10472:
10266:
9875:
9384:
9164:
8920:
8843:
8691:
8647:
8451:
8315:
7679:
7579:
6944:
6323:
6307:
6279:
5499:
5455:
4362:
2446:
Bolívar's body, dressed in a borrowed shirt, was interred in the
2329:
2201:
1981:
1730:
1579:
1513:
1055:
1046:
had just attempted an invasion with American volunteers. British
821:
551:
501:
422:
403:
391:
248:
46:
15574:
Forum for the Progress and Integration of South America (PROSUR)
12710:
11740:
7196:
6868:
6703:
6575:
6495:
6479:
6267:
2324:
through which Bolívar escaped assassination on 25 September 1828
2220:, who tried without success to convince him to intervene in the
11977:
6123:
6007:
5227:
4711:
4668:
4549:
4513:
3985:
2804:
2333:
2095:
1989:
1518:
1075:
986:
833:
829:
758:
434:
399:
11863:
5943:
5907:
5275:
5211:
4922:
4839:
4767:
4683:
4121:
3955:
debate over the meaning of his figure having no end in sight.
1601:, which capitulated on 6 December; del Castillo was executed.
15964:
15699:
12515:
Simón Bolívar: Travels and Transformations of a Cultural Icon
12356:
Simón Bolívar: Essays on the Life and Legacy of the Liberator
10583:
10571:
10214:
10162:
9664:
9540:
9208:
9080:
9032:
8807:
8679:
8387:
7540:
7488:
7420:
2193:
2130:
1861:
1846:
1836:
against Morillo, albeit ineffectively. In May, as the annual
1634:
1556:
974:
962:
837:
602:
Simón Bolívar's childhood was described by British historian
505:
12076:
10446:
10444:
10335:
10333:
9920:
9918:
9681:
9679:
8866:
8864:
8862:
4178:
4130:
820:, the daughter of another wealthy Caracas creole. They were
529:), with Bolívar as president there and in Peru and Bolivia.
15543:
15513:
United States involvement in regime change in Latin America
14894:
6722:
6720:
6718:
6619:
6443:
6339:
4166:
2071:
1563:. On 12 December, Bolívar captured Cundinamarca's capital,
1137:
994:
966:
844:
Return to Venezuela and second journey to Europe: 1802–1805
832:. After Uztáriz left Madrid for a government assignment in
621:
over the Bolívar children's inheritances. Those children –
465:, Bolívar became a zealous combatant and politician in the
454:
395:
11996:
4109:
2376:
in February, leading to an armistice in July and then the
1899:
military and political position was fatally undermined by
808:
At the same time, Mallo fell out of the Queen's favor and
742:. In 1797, Rodríguez's connection to the pro-independence
508:, Bolívar met and befriended Haitian revolutionary leader
15741:
Development Bank of Latin America and the Caribbean (CAF)
12377:
Collier, Simon. "Simón Bolívar as Political Thinker". In
11792:
11518:"Venezuela Hero Simón Bolívar 'Death Tests' Inconclusive"
10441:
10385:
10330:
9915:
9676:
9608:
9460:
8859:
8771:
8719:
8491:
8227:
8055:
7851:
7388:
7364:
7300:
7272:
7236:
6667:
4293:(in Spanish). Santa Cruz de la Sierra. 19 December 2011.
4172:
4115:
1548:
with the treasure. The officer in control of the island,
1191:
Oil on canvas "Terremoto de 1812", by Venezuelan painter
15559:
Community of Latin American and Caribbean States (CELAC)
12569:
The Emergence of Latin America in the Nineteenth Century
11648:
11486:"Venezuela Unable to Determine Cause of Bolívar's Death"
6715:
6511:
6467:
6295:
4289:[Debate Ignites over Simón Bolívar's Position].
1967:
1856:, on 11 June. The combined Republican force reached the
1645:
on 24 December, and on 2 January 1816 was introduced to
1054:, however, obliged Bolívar to board an American ship in
783:
On 19 January 1799, Bolívar boarded the Spanish warship
12386:
Ewell, Judith. "Bolívar's Atlantic Word Diplomacy". In
12137:
Simón Bolívar: Venezuelan Rebel, American Revolutionary
12052:
11636:
7376:
5959:
2247:
of Bolívar's constitution on 16 August. In Venezuela,
1352:
1198:
While Bolívar was in England, the Supreme Junta passed
11932:"Venezuela Honors Simón Bolívar's Lover Manuela Saenz"
11780:
11752:
11728:
11624:
6255:
5201:
5199:
5197:
4638:
4636:
4561:
3484:
15846:
12513:
Shanahan, Maureen G.; Reyes, Ana Maria, eds. (2017).
11954:
11839:
11829:
11827:
10693:(in Spanish). Government of Bolivia. 19 December 1825
9783:
8956:
7591:
7060:
6383:
5707:
4287:"Se enciende el debate por el cargo de Simón Bolívar"
4187:
4140:
2065:. After initially refusing Colombian assistance, the
1872:
until, on 7 August, the Royalists were routed at the
1767:, who had returned to Venezuela a year earlier after
1605:
Jamaica, Haiti, Venezuela, and New Granada: 1815–1819
27:
Venezuelan statesman and military officer (1783–1830)
12215:
Slatta, Richard W.; de Grummond, Jane Lucas (2003).
7352:
6655:
6455:
6243:
6231:
6219:
4175:
4169:
4163:
4127:
4118:
4112:
4106:
1901:
the mutiny of Spanish soldiers in Cádiz on 1 January
1879:
Desiring to merge New Granada and Venezuela into a "
16142:
People of the Spanish American wars of independence
13216:
List of places and things named after Simón Bolivar
12651:(In Spanish) –12,000+ transcribed documents of the
11911:
11851:
6607:
5635:
5411:
5351:
5291:
5194:
5062:
4974:
4807:
4699:
4633:
4409:
4160:
4103:
1395:to offer their services as military leaders to the
12626:, Vol. III. New York: D. Appleton & Co., 1858.
12354:Bushnell, David; Langley, Lester D., eds. (2008).
12189:
12162:
12109:
11824:
10691:Gaceta Oficial del Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia
4481:
1930:on 25 November, establishing a six-month truce, a
1425:While en route to his posting, Bolívar issued the
1288:... and the earth began to shake with a huge roar.
1225:The declaration of independence created the first
708:in Caracas. In 1793, Carlos enrolled Bolívar at a
449:in 1803. From 1803 to 1805, Bolívar embarked on a
429:into a wealthy family of American-born Spaniards (
12425:
12214:
12070:
12034:
11901:
11881:
11331:
11291:
11247:
11207:
11183:
11143:
11123:
11071:
11047:
11023:
11003:
10983:
10959:
10943:
10891:
10871:
10851:
10811:
10787:
10751:
10715:
10669:
10645:
10605:
10557:
10537:
10521:
10501:
10466:
10423:
10355:
10312:
10288:
10256:
10236:
10204:
10184:
10144:
10120:
10100:
10076:
10048:
10012:
9984:
9940:
9901:
9861:
9837:
9821:
9773:
9749:
9729:
9697:
9650:
9630:
9598:
9582:
9558:
9526:
9506:
9482:
9446:
9426:
9410:
9370:
9350:
9326:
9306:
9250:
9226:
9190:
9158:
9134:
9114:
9050:
9022:
9002:
8978:
8946:
8886:
8829:
8793:
8757:
8709:
8697:
8669:
8653:
8637:
8617:
8573:
8553:
8529:
8513:
8477:
8437:
8405:
8373:
8357:
8341:
8305:
8285:
8265:
8217:
8201:
8181:
8137:
8113:
8077:
8041:
8021:
7993:
7969:
7929:
7913:
7889:
7869:
7837:
7813:
7789:
7765:
7741:
7705:
7665:
7649:
7629:
7609:
7585:
7565:
7526:
7506:
7474:
7410:
7338:
7318:
7290:
7258:
7218:
7202:
7182:
7162:
7142:
7126:
7102:
7046:
7026:
6990:
6970:
6894:
6854:
6838:
6818:
6798:
6774:
6758:
6709:
6689:
6637:
6561:
6533:
6433:
6405:
6377:
6357:
6273:
6205:
6189:
6165:
6145:
6093:
6069:
6029:
6013:
5993:
5977:
5933:
5893:
5873:
5837:
5801:
5781:
5741:
5725:
5693:
5677:
5657:
5621:
5585:
5565:
5545:
5521:
5481:
5445:
5429:
5393:
5369:
5333:
5309:
5265:
5245:
5233:
5184:
5164:
5144:
5124:
5092:
5080:
5048:
5024:
5008:
4992:
4944:
4908:
4793:
4677:
4658:
4603:
4583:
4555:
4499:
4451:
4431:
4391:
4221:, and that is the pronunciation in the recording.
1744:to Bolívar's forces, which gained control of the
1697:. He wrote to the Republican leaders, especially
16033:
12304:
11869:
2212:on 5 October and met with two Argentine agents,
1016:
899:on 18 May 1804. They rented an apartment on the
685:Education and first journey to Europe: 1793–1802
15604:Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States (OECS)
12414:
12405:
12396:
12387:
12378:
12353:
12097:
11584:"Why Venezuela's Chávez Dug Up Bolívar's Bones"
11451:Phillips, Tom; Lopez, Virginia (26 July 2011).
2164:prior to Sucre's arrival. With Irish volunteer
1725:, to Bolívar. On 30 June, Bolívar granted Piar
922:with the Countess Dervieu du Villars, at whose
593:was one of the wealthiest and most prestigious
55: and the second or maternal family name is
15584:Latin American Integration Association (ALADI)
2313:to monitor its proceedings through his aides.
1062:, in January 1807, and from there traveled to
852:Wedding of Bolívar and del Toro as painted by
757:decided to send Bolívar to join the latter in
30:"Bolívar" redirects here. For other uses, see
16112:Burials at the National Pantheon of Venezuela
15809:United States–Mexico–Canada Agreement (USMCA)
15529:Amazon Cooperation Treaty Organization (ACTO)
15436:
14875:
13777:
13255:
13231:
12726:
12541:
12512:
11450:
3873:
16147:People of the Venezuelan War of Independence
12539:
12082:
11551:"Building a New History by Exhuming Bolívar"
10687:"Decreto Supremo de 29 de diciembre de 1825"
3892:Bolívar's personal beliefs were liberal and
2309:opened on 9 April, Bolívar based himself at
1521:, to the south – led by the Spanish warlord
15609:Organization of Ibero-American States (OEI)
15544:Bolivarian Alliance for the Americas (ALBA)
12561:The Liberator, Simón Bolívar: Man and Image
2102:In May 1823, conservative Royalist general
1786:
1559:, which tasked him with subduing the rival
910:and met with other South Americans such as
599:(creole) families in the Spanish Americas.
155:10 February 1824 – 27 January 1827
16137:People of the Peruvian War of Independence
15779:Caribbean Free Trade Association (CARIFTA)
15675:Central America-4 Border Control Agreement
15554:Central American Integration System (SICA)
15443:
15429:
14882:
14868:
14844:
13784:
13770:
13269:
13262:
13248:
12733:
12719:
11974:"International UNESCO/Simón Bolívar Prize"
4358:Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English
4018:Simón Bolívar Guerrilla Coordinating Board
3880:
3866:
1561:Free and Independent State of Cundinamarca
550:Simón Bolívar was born on 24 July 1783 in
500:in 1815, Bolívar was forced into exile on
83:
13791:
13181:Statue of Simón Bolívar, Washington, D.C.
12489:
12239:
11386:"Bolívar and Chávez, a Worthy Comparison"
10589:
10577:
10450:
10339:
10220:
10168:
9924:
9685:
9670:
9614:
9546:
9466:
9214:
9086:
9038:
8870:
8813:
8777:
8725:
8685:
8497:
8393:
8233:
8061:
7857:
7546:
7494:
7426:
7394:
7370:
7306:
7278:
7242:
6726:
6625:
6517:
6449:
6345:
6301:
5965:
2360:and a revolt in Popayán and Pasto led by
2268:
1414:, who instructed his commanding general,
198:6 August 1825 – 29 December 1825
113:16 February 1819 – 27 April 1830
15629:Union of South American Nations (UNASUR)
12794:María Teresa Rodríguez del Toro y Alaysa
12779:María de la Concepción Palacios y Blanco
12275:El Libertador: Writings of Simón Bolívar
12269:
12249:The Bolívarian Revolution: Simón Bolívar
5505:
2417:
2315:
2170:
2022:
1790:
1608:
1491:On 2 January 1814, Bolívar was made the
1475:
1186:
1026:
847:
818:María Teresa Rodríguez del Toro y Alaysa
771:
761:. There, Esteban was friends with Queen
571:María de la Concepción Palacios y Blanco
545:
443:María Teresa Rodríguez del Toro y Alaysa
437:from 1800 to 1802, he was introduced to
322:María Teresa Rodríguez del Toro y Alaysa
13374:Estanislao Vergara y Sanz de Santamaría
12601:Simón Bolívar and the Age of Revolution
12492:War and Independence in Spanish America
12412:
12376:
12134:
12058:
12042:
12018:
11885:
11786:
11770:
11758:
11746:
11734:
11722:
11682:
11630:
11614:
11581:
11446:
11444:
11191:
11103:
11079:
11031:
10923:
10899:
10431:
10320:
10296:
10152:
10128:
10056:
9992:
9841:
9198:
9070:
8165:
8145:
8001:
7973:
7897:
7817:
7773:
7729:
7530:
7478:
7462:
7442:
7226:
6994:
6938:
6645:
6541:
6537:
6413:
6333:
6317:
6289:
6261:
6149:
6113:
6037:
5713:
5489:
5433:
5401:
5341:
5168:
5108:
5052:
4757:
4737:
4717:
4623:
4607:
4539:
4519:
4503:
4471:
4455:
4415:
4399:
3437:Perpetual Peace: A Philosophical Sketch
2422:Bolívar's death, by Venezuelan painter
2291:occupied Guayaquil until September 1827
1953:and departed for Spain on 17 December.
1910:, which forced Ferdinand VII to accept
1182:
336: 1802; died 1803)
124:Estanislao Vergara y Sanz de Santamaría
14:
16034:
14889:
12432:Presente y Pasado: Revista de Historia
12403:
12394:
11718:
11690:
11654:
11618:
11548:
11351:
4031:alleged to belong to Bolívar from his
2020:in southern Colombia on 7 April 1822.
1868:against the forces of Spanish colonel
516:in 1817 and then crossed the Andes to
16172:Venezuelan people of Canarian descent
16077:19th-century deaths from tuberculosis
15599:Organization of American States (OAS)
15579:Latin American Economic System (SELA)
15539:Association of Caribbean States (ACS)
15466:Spanish American wars of independence
15424:
14863:
13765:
13243:
13230:
12714:
12567:Bushnell, David and Macaulay, Neill.
12426:Cardozo Uzcátegui, Alejandro (2011).
12385:
12246:
12187:
12157:
12104:
12046:
12038:
12022:
12014:
12002:
11960:
11929:
11905:
11889:
11845:
11818:
11814:
11810:
11798:
11774:
11706:
11702:
11686:
11670:
11666:
11642:
11483:
11414:
11366:from the original on 12 November 2012
11339:
11335:
11319:
11315:
11311:
11299:
11295:
11287:
11275:
11271:
11267:
11255:
11251:
11243:
11231:
11227:
11215:
11211:
11195:
11187:
11179:
11167:
11163:
11151:
11147:
11131:
11127:
11119:
11107:
11099:
11095:
11083:
11075:
11067:
11055:
11051:
11035:
11027:
11019:
11007:
10991:
10987:
10979:
10967:
10963:
10955:
10939:
10927:
10919:
10915:
10903:
10895:
10887:
10875:
10859:
10855:
10847:
10835:
10831:
10827:
10815:
10807:
10795:
10791:
10783:
10771:
10767:
10763:
10747:
10735:
10731:
10719:
10711:
10673:
10665:
10653:
10649:
10641:
10629:
10625:
10613:
10609:
10601:
10565:
10561:
10553:
10541:
10525:
10509:
10505:
10497:
10482:
10478:
10462:
10435:
10427:
10419:
10407:
10403:
10391:
10379:
10375:
10371:
10359:
10351:
10324:
10316:
10300:
10292:
10276:
10272:
10260:
10252:
10240:
10232:
10208:
10192:
10188:
10180:
10156:
10148:
10140:
10124:
10116:
10104:
10096:
10084:
10080:
10072:
10060:
10052:
10044:
10032:
10028:
10024:
10008:
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9988:
9980:
9968:
9964:
9960:
9948:
9944:
9936:
9909:
9905:
9897:
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9869:
9865:
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9845:
9825:
9817:
9805:
9801:
9789:
9777:
9769:
9757:
9753:
9745:
9733:
9717:
9713:
9701:
9658:
9654:
9646:
9634:
9626:
9602:
9594:
9578:
9566:
9562:
9534:
9530:
9522:
9510:
9502:
9490:
9486:
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9450:
9442:
9430:
9414:
9406:
9394:
9390:
9378:
9374:
9366:
9354:
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9334:
9330:
9322:
9310:
9294:
9290:
9286:
9274:
9270:
9266:
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9234:
9230:
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9186:
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9170:
9154:
9142:
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9130:
9118:
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9098:
9074:
9066:
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9026:
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9006:
8998:
8986:
8982:
8974:
8962:
8950:
8942:
8930:
8926:
8914:
8910:
8906:
8894:
8890:
8882:
8853:
8849:
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8825:
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8765:
8761:
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8665:
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8613:
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8593:
8581:
8577:
8569:
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8461:
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8425:
8421:
8409:
8381:
8377:
8361:
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8337:
8325:
8321:
8309:
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8245:
8221:
8213:
8197:
8185:
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8161:
8149:
8141:
8133:
8121:
8117:
8101:
8097:
8093:
8081:
8073:
8049:
8045:
8037:
8025:
8017:
8005:
7997:
7989:
7977:
7957:
7953:
7949:
7937:
7933:
7925:
7901:
7893:
7885:
7873:
7845:
7841:
7833:
7821:
7809:
7797:
7793:
7777:
7769:
7761:
7749:
7745:
7725:
7721:
7709:
7701:
7689:
7685:
7673:
7669:
7653:
7637:
7633:
7625:
7613:
7597:
7573:
7569:
7561:
7534:
7514:
7510:
7482:
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7446:
7438:
7414:
7406:
7382:
7358:
7346:
7342:
7334:
7322:
7294:
7266:
7262:
7254:
7230:
7222:
7214:
7190:
7186:
7178:
7166:
7158:
7146:
7130:
7122:
7110:
7106:
7098:
7086:
7082:
7078:
7066:
7054:
7050:
7042:
7030:
7014:
7010:
6998:
6978:
6974:
6966:
6954:
6950:
6934:
6922:
6918:
6914:
6902:
6898:
6890:
6878:
6874:
6862:
6858:
6842:
6834:
6822:
6814:
6802:
6794:
6782:
6778:
6762:
6746:
6742:
6738:
6697:
6693:
6685:
6673:
6661:
6649:
6641:
6613:
6601:
6597:
6585:
6581:
6569:
6565:
6557:
6545:
6529:
6505:
6501:
6489:
6485:
6473:
6461:
6437:
6429:
6417:
6409:
6401:
6389:
6373:
6361:
6329:
6313:
6285:
6249:
6237:
6225:
6213:
6209:
6193:
6185:
6173:
6169:
6153:
6133:
6129:
6117:
6109:
6097:
6089:
6077:
6073:
6057:
6053:
6041:
6033:
6025:
6001:
5997:
5981:
5953:
5949:
5937:
5929:
5917:
5913:
5901:
5897:
5881:
5877:
5861:
5857:
5853:
5841:
5825:
5821:
5809:
5805:
5789:
5785:
5777:
5765:
5761:
5749:
5745:
5729:
5701:
5697:
5681:
5665:
5661:
5653:
5641:
5629:
5625:
5609:
5605:
5593:
5589:
5581:
5569:
5553:
5549:
5541:
5529:
5525:
5509:
5493:
5485:
5477:
5465:
5461:
5449:
5417:
5405:
5397:
5389:
5377:
5373:
5357:
5345:
5337:
5329:
5317:
5313:
5297:
5285:
5281:
5269:
5261:
5249:
5221:
5217:
5205:
5188:
5180:
5160:
5148:
5140:
5128:
5112:
5104:
5068:
5056:
5044:
5032:
5028:
5012:
4996:
4980:
4968:
4964:
4960:
4948:
4932:
4928:
4916:
4912:
4904:
4892:
4888:
4884:
4872:
4868:
4864:
4849:
4845:
4833:
4829:
4825:
4813:
4801:
4797:
4789:
4777:
4773:
4761:
4753:
4741:
4733:
4721:
4705:
4693:
4689:
4662:
4654:
4642:
4627:
4619:
4591:
4587:
4579:
4567:
4543:
4535:
4523:
4507:
4487:
4475:
4467:
4447:
4435:
4427:
4403:
4395:
4387:
4297:from the original on 14 February 2023
4216:
4198:
3588:1946 Italian institutional referendum
3528:Spanish American wars of independence
1968:Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia: 1821–1826
981:. From Milan, they traveled down the
467:Spanish-American wars of independence
16177:Venezuelan people of Spanish descent
15971:
13307:Felipe de Vergara Azcarate y Caycedo
12466:
12297:
11917:
11857:
11833:
11441:
4345:
4309:
2125:, where he defeated Canterac at the
1353:New Granada and Venezuela: 1812–1815
1058:in October 1806. Bolívar arrived in
658:; Simón was raised by a slave named
476:in 1810 as a militia officer in the
16167:Venezuelan people of Basque descent
15450:
12440:University of the Andes (Venezuela)
3962:Bolívar's Afterlife in the Americas
3357:The Tenure of Kings and Magistrates
2495:
2474:United Socialist Party of Venezuela
2413:
2332:, leaving the convention without a
997:, where Bolívar met, among others,
934:, who had traveled through much of
558:, the fourth and youngest child of
24:
15508:Inter-American Commission of Women
13166:Bust of Simón Bolívar, Houston, TX
12635:https://doi.org/10.1111/hic3.12608
12564:. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1970.
12552:
11498:from the original on 28 March 2023
11429:from the original on 28 March 2022
10786:, pp. 407, 414–415, 423–426;
3940:and a constitution modeled on the
3904:; among his favorite authors were
1795:Equestrian portrait of Bolívar by
1783:congress that would meet in 1819.
1457:. On 14 May, Bolívar launched the
1125:the anti-French Spanish government
805:, literature, and social studies.
25:
16218:
16207:Viceroyalty of New Granada people
16122:Venezuelan independence activists
16102:Anti-imperialism in South America
15665:CARICOM Single Market and Economy
15639:United States Pirate Party (USPP)
13055:International Simón Bolívar Prize
12943:Spanish reconquest of New Granada
12740:
12640:
11984:from the original on 13 June 2023
11596:from the original on 2 April 2023
11530:from the original on 2 April 2023
11465:from the original on 2 April 2023
11352:Forero, Juan (23 February 2008).
3990:International Simón Bolívar Prize
2462:in Caracas, created that year by
2448:Cathedral Basilica of Santa Marta
2342:an attempt to assassinate Bolívar
2056:overwhelmed the Peruvian republic
1769:conquering Republican New Granada
1284:I left my house for the Cathedral
1231:Captaincy-Generals of Puerto Rico
1220:declared Venezuela's independence
16014:
15997:
15980:
15952:
15940:
15928:
15916:
15904:
15892:
15880:
15868:
15856:
15685:Eastern Caribbean Currency Union
15409:
14843:
14834:
14833:
14816:
13350:
12454:from the original on 31 May 2022
11966:
11942:from the original on 31 May 2022
11923:
11575:
11542:
11510:
11477:
11408:
11392:. 11 August 2011. Archived from
11378:
11345:
10679:
4233:
4224:
4156:
4099:
4002:Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela
3849:
3377:Discourses Concerning Government
1023:Military career of Simón Bolívar
357:
16127:Tuberculosis deaths in Colombia
15799:Free Trade Area of the Americas
15794:Economic Partnership Agreements
15746:Inter-American Development Bank
13279:United Provinces of New Granada
13176:Statue of Simón Bolívar, London
12217:Simón Bolívar's Quest for Glory
12092:
11549:Romero, Simon (3 August 2010).
3643:Barbadian Republic Proclamation
2437:Quinta de San Pedro Alejandrino
2249:Páez revolted against Santander
2200:the region to be the nation of
1397:United Provinces of New Granada
1011:the plebs had seceded from Rome
494:United Provinces of New Granada
333:
16092:19th-century Venezuelan people
15471:Decolonization of the Americas
13023:Constitution of Bolivia (1826)
12961:Ecuadorian War of Independence
12939:Venezuelan War of Independence
12802:María Antonia Bolívar Palacios
12221:Texas A&M University Press
12198:University of New Mexico Press
11484:Gupta, Girish (26 July 2011).
11390:Council on Hemispheric Affairs
4279:
4253:
4089:
4079:
4067:
3982:the house in which he was born
3578:1935 Greek coup d'état attempt
3558:German Revolution of 1918–1919
2460:National Pantheon of Venezuela
2372:defeated the Peruvians at the
2253:a congress of American nations
2082:, and the Royalists under the
926:he likely met the naturalists
556:Captaincy General of Venezuela
478:Venezuelan War of Independence
427:Captaincy General of Venezuela
410:. He is known colloquially as
287:National Pantheon of Venezuela
253:Captaincy General of Venezuela
36:Simón Bolívar (disambiguation)
13:
1:
16072:19th-century Colombian people
15549:Caribbean Community (CARICOM)
13830:José María Pérez de Urdininea
12824:Juan Vicente Bolívar Palacios
12415:Bushnell & Langley (2008)
12406:Bushnell & Langley (2008)
12397:Bushnell & Langley (2008)
12388:Bushnell & Langley (2008)
12379:Bushnell & Langley (2008)
12071:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
12045:, pp. 109–110, 119–120;
12035:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
11902:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
11882:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
11582:Padgett, Tim (17 July 2010).
11415:Lopez, Jaime (17 July 2010).
11332:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
11292:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
11248:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
11208:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
11198:, pp. 427–430, 432, 435.
11184:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
11154:, pp. 414–417, 424, 426.
11144:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
11124:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
11078:, pp. 237–238, 240–241;
11072:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
11048:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
11024:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
11004:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
10990:, pp. 229–230, 232–233;
10984:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
10982:, pp. 437–438, 444–445;
10960:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
10944:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
10892:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
10872:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
10852:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
10812:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
10794:, pp. 213–215, 222–223;
10788:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
10752:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
10716:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
10670:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
10646:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
10606:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
10558:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
10538:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
10522:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
10502:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
10467:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
10424:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
10356:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
10313:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
10289:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
10257:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
10237:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
10205:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
10185:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
10145:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
10121:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
10101:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
10077:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
10049:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
10013:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
9985:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
9941:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
9902:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
9862:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
9838:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
9822:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
9774:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
9750:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
9730:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
9698:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
9651:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
9631:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
9599:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
9583:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
9559:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
9527:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
9507:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
9483:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
9447:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
9427:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
9411:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
9371:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
9351:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
9327:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
9307:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
9251:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
9227:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
9191:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
9159:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
9135:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
9115:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
9051:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
9023:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
9003:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
8979:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
8947:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
8887:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
8830:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
8794:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
8758:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
8710:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
8698:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
8670:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
8654:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
8638:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
8618:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
8574:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
8554:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
8530:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
8514:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
8478:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
8438:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
8406:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
8374:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
8358:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
8342:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
8306:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
8286:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
8266:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
8218:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
8202:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
8182:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
8138:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
8114:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
8078:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
8042:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
8022:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
7994:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
7970:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
7930:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
7914:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
7890:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
7870:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
7838:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
7814:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
7790:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
7766:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
7742:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
7706:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
7666:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
7650:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
7630:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
7610:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
7586:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
7566:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
7529:, pp. 100–104, 106–112;
7527:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
7507:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
7475:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
7411:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
7339:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
7319:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
7291:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
7259:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
7219:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
7203:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
7183:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
7163:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
7143:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
7127:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
7103:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
7047:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
7027:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
6991:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
6971:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
6895:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
6855:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
6839:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
6819:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
6799:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
6775:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
6759:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
6710:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
6690:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
6638:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
6562:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
6534:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
6434:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
6406:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
6378:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
6358:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
6274:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
6206:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
6190:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
6166:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
6146:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
6094:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
6070:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
6030:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
6014:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
5994:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
5978:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
5934:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
5894:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
5874:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
5838:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
5802:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
5782:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
5742:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
5726:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
5694:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
5678:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
5658:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
5622:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
5586:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
5566:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
5546:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
5522:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
5482:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
5446:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
5430:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
5394:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
5370:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
5334:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
5310:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
5266:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
5246:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
5185:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
5165:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
5145:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
5125:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
5049:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
5025:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
5009:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
4993:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
4945:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
4909:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
4794:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
4678:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
4659:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
4604:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
4584:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
4556:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
4500:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
4452:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
4432:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
4392:Slatta & de Grummond 2003
4060:
2476:. In January 2008, President
2137:to manage political affairs.
1807:
1542:Battle of Aragua de Barcelona
1098:invaded the Iberian peninsula
1017:Political and military career
952:Simón Bolívar, 15 August 1805
492:Venezuelan republics and the
445:, who died in Venezuela from
378:July 1783 – 17
16087:19th-century Peruvian people
16067:19th-century Bolivian people
13538:Santiago Pérez de Manosalbas
13412:Francisco de Paula Santander
13389:Francisco de Paula Santander
13116:Bolívar, a Tropical Symphony
13081:The General in His Labyrinth
12971:Bolivian War of Independence
12966:Peruvian War of Independence
12873:Francisco de Paula Santander
12768:Juan Vicente Bolívar y Ponte
12358:. Rowman & Littlefield.
12247:Brown, Matthew, ed. (2009).
12098:Biographies of Simón Bolívar
11086:, pp. 393–394, 396–403.
7537:, pp. 156–159, 163–164.
3828:Republic without republicans
3573:11 September 1922 Revolution
3568:Mongolian Revolution of 1921
1881:greater republic of Colombia
1497:Second Republic of Venezuela
1455:Francisco de Paula Santander
1243:Francisco Rodríguez del Toro
1102:replaced the rulers of Spain
969:, they traveled through the
560:Juan Vicente Bolívar y Ponte
459:Spanish rule in the Americas
457:, where he swore to end the
45:, the first or paternal
7:
16117:Guerrilla warfare theorists
16057:Presidents of Gran Colombia
15736:Central American Parliament
13201:Birthplace of Simón Bolívar
13028:Constitution of Peru (1826)
12581:Gómez Martínez, José Luis.
12542:Shanahan & Reyes (2017)
12519:University Press of Florida
12490:McFarlane, Anthony (2014).
12135:Langley, Lester D. (2009).
12112:Bolívar: American Liberator
11930:Grant, Will (5 July 2010).
4038:
3563:Turkish War of Independence
3485:
2483:Vice President of Venezuela
1936:basic rights for combatants
882:Fernando Rodríguez del Toro
719:run by Venezuelan educator
10:
16223:
16187:Venezuelan Roman Catholics
16182:Venezuelan revolutionaries
15731:Caribbean Development Bank
15726:Caribbean Court of Justice
15680:Central America-4 passport
15481:North American integration
15476:Latin American integration
13596:Manuel Antonio Sanclemente
13513:Tomás Cipriano de Mosquera
13503:Tomás Cipriano de Mosquera
13480:Tomás Cipriano de Mosquera
13427:Tomás Cipriano de Mosquera
13317:Manuel de Bernardo Álvarez
4322:Collins English Dictionary
3618:1970 Cambodian coup d'état
3367:The Commonwealth of Oceana
2272:
2166:Francisco Burdett O'Connor
2031:by Marco Salas Yepes, 1960
1978:Free Province of Guayaquil
1919:. The delegates completed
1870:José María Barreiro Manjón
1463:Decree of War to the Death
1435:Manuel del Castillo y Rada
1335:Juan Domingo de Monteverde
1078:. After six months in the
1060:Charleston, South Carolina
1020:
744:Gual and España conspiracy
710:rudimentary primary school
539:national and cultural icon
421:Simón Bolívar was born in
63:
40:
29:
16082:19th-century male writers
15817:
15769:
15761:South American Parliament
15751:Latin American Parliament
15708:
15647:
15521:
15458:
15407:
14901:
14829:
14814:
14737:Gonzalo Sánchez de Lozada
14698:Gonzalo Sánchez de Lozada
14503:Luis Adolfo Siles Salinas
13803:
13799:
13576:
13495:United States of Colombia
13493:
13485:Ignacio Gutierrez Vergara
13455:
13402:
13361:Republic of Gran Colombia
13359:
13348:
13277:
13237:
13232:Links to related articles
13193:
13158:
13091:
13072:
13063:
13040:
13015:
12986:
12979:
12947:Liberation of New Granada
12929:
12854:
12755:
12749:Family and contemporaries
12748:
12699:
12690:
12680:
12671:
12666:
12661:
12323:10.2979/globalsouth.7.2.1
11817:, pp. 259–262, 276;
11491:Christian Science Monitor
11126:, pp. 277, 281–284;
10958:, pp. 435–436, 443;
10652:, pp. 195–196, 199;
10628:, pp. 195–196, 208;
10556:, pp. 378–379, 383;
10143:, pp. 331, 338–341;
10075:, pp. 328, 330–331;
10055:, pp. 171, 178–179;
8828:, pp. 235–237, 243;
8556:, pp. 153–154, 156;
7888:, pp. 184–185, 190;
4215:is pronounced as Spanish
3947:
3791:The Emperor's New Clothes
3543:5 October 1910 revolution
3538:French Revolution of 1848
2561:Liberty as non-domination
2106:, based in the region of
1996:led by Argentine general
1818:congress met in Angostura
1773:Third Battle of La Puerta
1461:, in which he issued the
1359:Esteban Fernández de León
1241:. The congress appointed
1165:British foreign secretary
748:Esteban Palacios y Blanco
695:Real Audiencia of Caracas
608:Feliciano Palacios y Sojo
463:Napoleon's Peninsular War
406:to independence from the
365:
353:
343:
315:
292:
282:
259:
235:
230:
226:
214:
202:
191:
183:
171:
159:
148:
141:
129:
117:
106:
98:
94:
89:Posthumous portrait, 1922
82:
75:
14763:Eduardo Rodríguez Veltzé
14282:José Luis Tejada Sorzano
13706:Julio César Turbay Ayala
13636:Pedro Nel Ospina Vázquez
13548:Julián Trujillo Largacha
13465:Mariano Ospina Rodríguez
13447:Mariano Ospina Rodríguez
13297:Antonio Nariño y Álvarez
13171:Simón Bolívar (Tadolini)
12623:New American Cyclopaedia
12467:Conn, Robert T. (2020).
12315:Indiana University Press
12188:Masur, Gerhard (1969) .
12141:Rowman & Littlefield
11749:, pp. 15–19, 25–27.
11302:, pp. 448, 450–454.
10994:, pp. 376–378, 388.
10970:, pp. 362, 372–373.
10438:, pp. 320, 326–328.
10382:, pp. 315, 317–318.
9808:, pp. 138–139, 168.
9493:, pp. 248, 253–254.
4246:
4200:[siˈmomboˈliβaɾ]
3902:Enlightenment philosophy
3633:1987 Fijian coups d'état
3593:1952 Egyptian revolution
2571:Political representation
1787:Gran Colombia: 1819–1830
1685:New Granadan Republican
1401:Manuel Rodríguez Torices
1134:Supreme Junta of Caracas
1050:resulting from the 1805
706:Spanish court of appeals
693:at the direction of the
672:Carlos Palacios y Blanco
439:Enlightenment philosophy
64:Not to be confused with
32:Bolívar (disambiguation)
16192:Venezuelan nationalists
16157:Presidents of Venezuela
15804:G3 Free Trade Agreement
15569:Contadora support group
13701:Alfonso López Michelsen
13696:Misael Pastrana Borrero
13686:Guillermo León Valencia
13616:Carlos Eugenio Restrepo
13611:Ramón González Valencia
13558:Francisco Javier Zaldúa
13457:Granadine Confederation
13417:José Ignacio de Márquez
13404:Republic of New Granada
13337:Liborio Mejía Gutiérrez
13302:Luis de Ayala y Vergara
12592:Lacroix, Luis Perú de.
12279:Oxford University Press
11709:, pp. 78, 244–249.
3613:1969 Libyan coup d'état
3397:Discourse on Inequality
2546:Consent of the governed
2389:Daniel Florence O'Leary
2354:intervention in Bolivia
2175:Portrait of Bolívar by
1889:Real Audiencia of Quito
1679:José Francisco Bermúdez
1663:Juan Bautista Arismendi
1613:Portrait of Bolívar by
1405:Free State of Cartagena
1177:Anglo-Spanish relations
1127:in favor of a five-man
1084:Antonio Nicolás Briceño
496:. After Spanish forces
15534:Andean Community (CAN)
14961:Gutiérrez de la Fuente
13944:José Miguel de Velasco
13887:José Miguel de Velasco
13861:José Miguel de Velasco
13839:José Miguel de Velasco
13731:Andrés Pastrana Arango
13691:Carlos Lleras Restrepo
13681:Alberto Lleras Camargo
13661:Alfonso López Pumarejo
13656:Eduardo Santos Montejo
13651:Alfonso López Pumarejo
13422:Pedro Alcántara Herrán
13342:Fernando Serrano Uribe
13271:Presidents of Colombia
13206:Crown of Simón Bolívar
12917:Alexander von Humboldt
12813:Juana Bolívar Palacios
12648:Archivo del Libertador
12240:Works by Simón Bolívar
11689:, pp. 38–39, 47;
7509:, pp. 85–87, 97;
5234:Cardozo Uzcátegui 2011
5093:Cardozo Uzcátegui 2011
5081:Cardozo Uzcátegui 2011
4055:Crown of Simón Bolívar
4014:19th of April Movement
3957:
2427:
2410:as interim President.
2338:Pedro Alcántara Herrán
2325:
2303:José Prudencio Padilla
2275:Septembrine Conspiracy
2269:Final years: 1826–1830
2218:José Miguel Díaz Vélez
2214:Carlos María de Alvear
2180:
2080:José Bernardo de Tagle
2076:José de la Riva Agüero
2032:
1912:a liberal constitution
1813:
1618:
1517:– the horsemen of the
1488:
1302:
1195:
1110:Ferdinand VII of Spain
1039:
949:
928:Alexander von Humboldt
857:
780:
305:Venezuelan (1813–1819)
166:José Bernardo de Tagle
16202:Congress of Angostura
16152:Presidents of Bolivia
15830:Pan-American Congress
14672:Víctor Paz Estenssoro
14516:Alfredo Ovando Candía
14477:Alfredo Ovando Candía
14451:Víctor Paz Estenssoro
14425:Víctor Paz Estenssoro
14399:Mamerto Urriolagoitía
14256:Carlos Blanco Galindo
14230:Felipe Segundo Guzmán
14204:José Gutiérrez Guerra
13909:Mariano Enrique Calvo
13821:Antonio José de Sucre
13793:Presidents of Bolivia
13716:Virgilio Barco Vargas
13676:Gustavo Rojas Pinilla
13646:Enrique Olaya Herrera
13601:José Manuel Marroquín
13332:Antonio Villavicencio
13327:José Fernández Madrid
13312:Camilo Torres Tenorio
12980:Politics and ideology
12703:Antonio José de Sucre
12674:President of Colombia
12594:Diario de Bucaramanga
12171:Yale University Press
12165:Simón Bolívar: A Life
12037:, pp. 305, 308;
11870:Armillas-Tiseyra 2013
10830:, pp. 421, 426;
10770:, pp. 209, 211;
10406:, pp. 368, 370;
10051:, pp. 228, 230;
9908:, pp. 146, 168;
9804:, pp. 302, 319;
9289:, pp. 277, 280;
9253:, pp. 193, 195;
8552:, pp. 211, 213;
7013:, pp. 107, 112;
5496:, pp. 54, 57–58.
3952:
3781:Criticism of monarchy
3603:North Yemen civil war
3417:The Federalist Papers
2712:Federal parliamentary
2467:Antonio Guzmán Blanco
2421:
2346:Palacio de San Carlos
2322:Palacio de San Carlos
2319:
2174:
2104:Pedro Antonio Olañeta
2026:
1940:Santa Ana de Trujillo
1794:
1758:they defeated Morillo
1723:Antonio José de Sucre
1687:Francisco Antonio Zea
1612:
1479:
1383:. He and his uncles'
1282:
1227:Republic of Venezuela
1190:
1096:In 1807–08, Napoleon
1030:
941:
897:Emperor of the French
874:Louis Peru de Lacroix
851:
775:
546:Early life and family
308:Colombian (from 1819)
255:, Spanish Empire
221:Antonio José de Sucre
101:President of Colombia
15695:Interoceanic Highway
14607:Lidia Gueiler Tejada
14347:Gualberto Villarroel
14243:Hernando Siles Reyes
13957:Manuel Isidoro Belzu
13874:Andrés de Santa Cruz
13666:Mariano Ospina Pérez
13641:Miguel Abadía Méndez
13578:Republic of Colombia
13563:José Eusebio Otalora
13092:Films and television
12909:Marquis de Lafayette
12865:Francisco de Miranda
12693:President of Bolivia
12655:, from 1799 to 1830.
12587:Cuadernos Americanos
12196:(Revised ed.).
12118:Simon & Schuster
12041:, pp. 299–304;
12017:, pp. 281–283;
12005:, pp. 455, 458.
11904:, pp. 303–304;
11821:, pp. 447, 450.
11705:, pp. 181–182;
11669:, pp. 412–414;
11338:, pp. 300–301;
11334:, pp. 295–301;
11298:, pp. 275–278;
11294:, pp. 290–291;
11290:, pp. 485–487;
11270:, pp. 483–484;
11258:, pp. 440, 449.
11254:, pp. 274–275;
11246:, pp. 481–482;
11210:, pp. 272–273;
11190:, pp. 270–272;
11186:, pp. 287–289;
11182:, pp. 472–476;
11150:, pp. 262–266;
11146:, pp. 286–287;
11130:, pp. 253–259;
11122:, pp. 460–464;
11102:, pp. 241–242;
11098:, pp. 456–458;
11082:, pp. 102–103;
11074:, pp. 276–280;
11070:, pp. 451–456;
11030:, pp. 233–236;
11026:, pp. 275–276;
11022:, pp. 445–447;
10986:, pp. 273–274;
10922:, pp. 227–228;
10918:, pp. 433–435;
10898:, pp. 225–226;
10890:, pp. 430–431;
10858:, pp. 218–219;
10854:, pp. 268–269;
10850:, pp. 427–428;
10790:, pp. 265–267;
10738:, pp. 348, 350.
10718:, pp. 261–262;
10714:, pp. 391–392;
10668:, pp. 388–390;
10644:, pp. 386–388;
10612:, pp. 194–195;
10608:, pp. 256–257;
10604:, pp. 381–382;
10564:, pp. 194–195;
10560:, pp. 252–256;
10430:, pp. 191–193;
10426:, pp. 247–250;
10422:, pp. 372–375;
10378:, pp. 186–187;
10374:, pp. 364–366;
10315:, pp. 243–244;
10291:, pp. 243–244;
10259:, pp. 242–243;
10255:, pp. 354–356;
10211:, pp. 305, 308.
10191:, pp. 175–176;
10187:, pp. 240–241;
10183:, pp. 343–345;
10151:, pp. 173–175;
10147:, pp. 235–237;
10083:, pp. 171–172;
10031:, pp. 170–171;
10011:, pp. 325–326;
9987:, pp. 226–227;
9939:, pp. 323–325;
9864:, pp. 224–225;
9840:, pp. 213–215;
9772:, pp. 313–314;
9756:, pp. 145–146;
9748:, pp. 308–310;
9716:, pp. 141–142;
9657:, pp. 139–140;
9653:, pp. 218–220;
9649:, pp. 304–307;
9597:, pp. 302–303;
9529:, pp. 209–210;
9489:, pp. 136–137;
9485:, pp. 204–209;
9481:, pp. 292–297;
9445:, pp. 291–292;
9433:, pp. 134, 136.
9429:, pp. 201–202;
9413:, pp. 200–201;
9353:, pp. 197–198;
9333:, pp. 132–133;
9329:, pp. 196–197;
9325:, pp. 282–283;
9237:, pp. 235, 237.
9197:, pp. 128–130;
9193:, pp. 188–193;
9189:, pp. 268–273;
8981:, pp. 180–181;
8977:, pp. 255–258;
8913:, pp. 120–122;
8909:, pp. 246–253;
8836:, pp. 116–117;
8832:, pp. 174–180;
8792:, pp. 234–235;
8760:, pp. 171–172;
8756:, pp. 231–232;
8740:, pp. 113–114;
8620:, pp. 158–160;
8616:, pp. 217–218;
8572:, pp. 213–214;
8536:, pp. 103–104;
8484:, pp. 102–103;
8476:, pp. 207–208;
8424:, pp. 208–209;
8376:, pp. 146–147;
8360:, pp. 151–152;
8344:, pp. 150–151;
8268:, pp. 147–148;
8220:, pp. 141–144;
8216:, pp. 198–200;
8140:, pp. 141–142;
8136:, pp. 197–198;
8116:, pp. 137–138;
8080:, pp. 131–132;
8076:, pp. 194–195;
8020:, pp. 192–193;
7892:, pp. 124–127;
7836:, pp. 173–174;
7812:, pp. 170–171;
7768:, pp. 113–114;
7764:, pp. 168–170;
7744:, pp. 111–113;
7708:, pp. 110–111;
7704:, pp. 165–166;
7652:, pp. 108–109;
7628:, pp. 161–162;
7409:, pp. 138–139;
7337:, pp. 122–123;
7181:, pp. 119–120;
7125:, pp. 118–119;
7101:, pp. 116–117;
7045:, pp. 113–115;
7033:, pp. 129, 132.
6969:, pp. 105–106;
6917:, pp. 104–105;
6893:, pp. 103–104;
4050:Toussaint Louverture
3942:British constitution
3766:Classical radicalism
3508:Republic of Florence
3447:Democracy in America
2606:Separation of powers
2581:Public participation
2424:Antonio Herrera Toro
2263:Andrés de Santa Cruz
2045:Guayaquil Conference
1958:a new congress there
1797:José Hilarión Ibarra
1536:, and from there to
1534:Barcelona, Venezuela
1529:, where Boves died.
1486:Martín Tovar y Tovar
1445:from the Royalists.
1370:Marquis de Casa León
1183:Venezuela: 1811–1812
1044:Francisco de Miranda
1037:Martín Tovar y Tovar
1033:Francisco de Miranda
733:Francisco de Andújar
523:Republic of Colombia
518:liberate New Granada
416:Liberator of America
186:President of Bolivia
16197:Venezuelan soldiers
16162:Venezuelan generals
16132:People from Caracas
15756:Mercosur Parliament
15291:Bustamante y Rivero
14951:Salazar y Baquíjano
13621:José Vicente Concha
13591:Miguel Antonio Caro
13533:Manuel Murillo Toro
13508:Manuel Murillo Toro
13475:Juan José Nieto Gil
13065:Cultural depictions
12994:Cartagena Manifesto
12073:, pp. 305–306.
12049:, pp. 460–463.
11801:, pp. 285–286.
11773:, pp. 16, 18;
11725:, pp. 101–102.
11685:, pp. 19, 27;
11673:, pp. 216–217.
11617:, pp. 13, 15;
11359:The Washington Post
11342:, pp. 459–461.
11278:, pp. 445–446.
11218:, pp. 433–436.
11170:, pp. 425–426.
11134:, pp. 411–415.
11110:, pp. 403–408.
11038:, pp. 390–391.
10930:, pp. 370–372.
10906:, pp. 367–369.
10862:, pp. 364–365.
10838:, pp. 363–364.
10818:, pp. 362–364.
10798:, pp. 353–358.
10774:, pp. 356–357.
10656:, pp. 343–346.
10632:, pp. 342–343.
10592:, pp. 404–405.
10580:, pp. 402–405.
10568:, pp. 331–335.
10410:, pp. 189–190.
10394:, pp. 189–190.
10362:, pp. 185–186.
10303:, pp. 310–311.
10263:, pp. 308–309.
10223:, pp. 395–396.
10195:, pp. 306–307.
10171:, pp. 394–395.
10159:, pp. 295–305.
10107:, pp. 295–296.
10063:, pp. 289–290.
10035:, pp. 287–288.
9951:, pp. 281–283.
9912:, pp. 278–279.
9848:, pp. 271–277.
9673:, pp. 391–392.
9661:, pp. 263–265.
9549:, pp. 388–389.
9537:, pp. 254–255.
9457:, pp. 247–248.
9381:, pp. 246–247.
9337:, pp. 245–246.
9313:, pp. 131–132.
9297:, pp. 240–241.
9277:, pp. 238–239.
9257:, pp. 130–131.
9217:, pp. 327–328.
9205:, pp. 232–235.
9145:, pp. 230–231.
9105:, pp. 229–230.
9089:, pp. 326–327.
9041:, pp. 324–325.
9013:, pp. 228–229.
8989:, pp. 226–228.
8917:, pp. 222–225.
8840:, pp. 212–217.
8816:, pp. 321–322.
8804:, pp. 211–212.
8768:, pp. 209–211.
8716:, pp. 110–112.
8688:, pp. 317–318.
8644:, pp. 202–203.
8624:, pp. 197–199.
8560:, pp. 200–202.
8540:, pp. 195–196.
8428:, pp. 192–193.
8396:, pp. 313–315.
8384:, pp. 191–192.
8348:, pp. 190–191.
8312:, pp. 190–191.
8204:, pp. 139–140.
8124:, pp. 183–184.
8008:, pp. 178–179.
7960:, pp. 177–178.
7916:, pp. 128–129.
7904:, pp. 174–176.
7896:, pp. 92, 95;
7824:, pp. 170–171.
7800:, pp. 169–170.
7780:, pp. 169–170.
7676:, pp. 162–163.
7549:, pp. 126–129.
7517:, pp. 151–152.
7497:, pp. 123–124.
7429:, pp. 118–119.
7413:, pp. 75, 85;
7233:, pp. 142–143.
7193:, pp. 138–139.
7133:, pp. 136–138.
7113:, pp. 132–133.
7089:, pp. 131–132.
7057:, pp. 130–131.
7001:, pp. 126–128.
6981:, pp. 124–126.
6905:, pp. 120–122.
6805:, pp. 114–115.
6700:, pp. 109–110.
6676:, pp. 108–109.
6652:, pp. 107–109.
6604:, pp. 105–106.
6572:, pp. 104–105.
6564:, pp. 48, 52;
6420:, pp. 100–101.
4594:, pp. 7–8, 22.
4390:, pp. 20, 22;
3856:Politics portal
3661:Antigua and Barbuda
3608:Zanzibar Revolution
3518:American Revolution
3407:The Social Contract
2576:Popular sovereignty
2378:Treaty of Guayaquil
2358:invasion of Ecuador
2307:Convention of Ocaña
2196:); on 6 August, it
2037:Battle of Pichincha
1986:Viceroyalty of Peru
1917:Trujillo, Venezuela
1866:made rapid progress
1827:resumed campaigning
1711:general of the army
1671:Ocumare de la Costa
1649:, President of the
1621:Bolívar arrived in
1427:Cartagena Manifesto
1403:, president of the
1326:powerful earthquake
1305:Royalist historian
1269:recaptured Valencia
1052:Battle of Trafalgar
1048:control of the seas
993:, and then finally
498:subdued New Granada
474:his military career
16062:Presidents of Peru
15825:Pan American Games
15498:José de San Martín
14659:Hernán Siles Zuazo
14438:Hernán Siles Zuazo
14321:Carlos Quintanilla
13996:José María de Achá
13983:José María Linares
13741:Juan Manuel Santos
13711:Belisario Betancur
13626:Marco Fidel Suárez
13432:José Hilario López
13292:Jorge Tadeo Lozano
12955:Battle of Carabobo
12869:José de San Martín
12662:Political offices
12589:104 (2004): 11–32.
12544:, pp. 215–30.
12473:Palgrave Macmillan
12417:, pp. 99–120.
12021:, pp. 44–45;
11888:, pp. ix–xi;
11721:, pp. 63–64;
11556:The New York Times
10323:, pp. 86–87;
9995:, pp. 80–81;
7936:, pp. 96–97;
7900:, pp. 55–57;
7796:, pp. 89–90;
7772:, pp. 89–90;
7748:, pp. 88–89;
7636:, pp. 86–87;
7513:, pp. 81–82;
7481:, pp. 48–49;
7321:, pp. 84–85;
7293:, pp. 82–84;
7189:, pp. 70–71;
7185:, pp. 74–76;
7145:, pp. 73–74;
7129:, pp. 72–73;
7109:, pp. 69–70;
7105:, pp. 71–72;
7053:, pp. 66–68;
6977:, pp. 62–63;
6901:, pp. 61–62;
6897:, pp. 64–65;
6821:, pp. 58–59;
6741:, pp. 97–98;
6688:, pp. 95–96;
6648:, pp. 35–36;
6476:, pp. 99–100.
6404:, pp. 87–88;
6208:, pp. 41–42;
6188:, pp. 80–81;
6116:, pp. 30–31;
6076:, pp. 51–52;
6072:, pp. 39–40;
6056:, pp. 49–50;
6036:, pp. 48–49;
6028:, pp. 72–73;
5936:, pp. 36–37;
5932:, pp. 68–69;
5856:, pp. 65–66;
5840:, pp. 33–34;
5824:, pp. 45–46;
5804:, pp. 31–32;
5784:, pp. 26–27;
5780:, pp. 61–62;
5768:, pp. 77, 81.
5744:, pp. 33–34;
5656:, pp. 55–56;
5612:, pp. 63, 65.
5608:, pp. 41–42;
5484:, pp. 21–22;
5480:, pp. 36–37;
5392:, pp. 33–34;
5372:, pp. 19–20;
5336:, pp. 19–20;
5187:, pp. 18–19;
5163:, pp. 30–31;
5095:, pp. 14, 19.
4871:, pp. 16–17;
4867:, pp. 24–25;
4756:, pp. 23–24;
4736:, pp. 23–24;
4586:, pp. 11–12;
4582:, pp. 22–23;
4454:, pp. 10–11;
4144:-iv-ər, -ar
3822:Primus inter pares
3638:Nepalese Civil War
3628:Iranian Revolution
3598:14 July Revolution
3553:Russian Revolution
3548:Chinese Revolution
3498:Republic of Venice
3347:Discourses on Livy
2428:
2397:Admirable Congress
2366:José María Córdova
2336:. Two days later,
2326:
2320:The window of the
2245:a modified version
2181:
2177:José Gil de Castro
2143:Battle of Ayacucho
2033:
1998:José de San Martín
1962:Battle of Carabobo
1951:Miguel de la Torre
1822:British government
1814:
1750:San Juan de Payara
1703:Battle of Clarines
1619:
1592:besieged Cartagena
1489:
1459:Admirable Campaign
1331:divine retribution
1196:
1104:with his brother,
1040:
943:I swear before you
916:Vicente Rocafuerte
912:Carlos de Montúfar
858:
781:
779:of Bolívar in 1800
777:Miniature portrait
209:Office established
66:Simone de Beauvoir
15844:
15843:
15838:
15837:
15721:Bank of the South
15716:Andean Parliament
15418:
15417:
14936:Bernardo de Tagle
14921:Bernardo de Tagle
14857:
14856:
14825:
14824:
14334:Enrique Peñaranda
14217:Bautista Saavedra
14178:Eliodoro Villazón
14152:José Manuel Pando
14009:Mariano Melgarejo
13852:Pedro Blanco Soto
13759:
13758:
13437:José María Obando
13224:
13223:
13211:Quinta de Bolívar
13189:
13188:
13036:
13035:
13006:Angostura Address
12925:
12924:
12877:José Antonio Páez
12709:
12708:
12700:Succeeded by
12681:Succeeded by
12618:"Bolívar y Ponte"
12609:978-0-901145-54-3
12577:978-0-19-508402-3
12558:Bushnell, David.
12528:978-0-8130-5449-0
12505:978-1-85728-783-7
12482:978-3-030-26217-4
12408:, pp. 75–98.
12399:, pp. 55–72.
12390:, pp. 35–54.
12381:, pp. 13–34.
12365:978-0-7425-5619-5
12298:General reference
12288:978-0-19-514480-2
12262:978-1-84467-381-0
12230:978-1-58544-239-3
12207:978-0-8263-0131-4
12180:978-0-300-12604-4
12150:978-0-7425-6655-2
12127:978-1-4391-1020-1
12083:Gómez Pernia 2017
11777:, pp. 38–40.
11693:, pp. 57–58.
11657:, pp. 58–59.
11645:, pp. 28–38.
10131:, pp. 81–82.
9999:, pp. 28–88.
7417:, pp. 76–78.
7385:, pp. 77–78.
6628:, pp. 91–92.
6452:, pp. 88–91.
6348:, pp. 87–88.
6216:, pp. 96–97.
6196:, pp. 53–54.
6120:, pp. 93–94.
6100:, pp. 52–53.
6080:, pp. 88–90.
6044:, pp. 87–88.
5940:, pp. 84–86.
5904:, pp. 83–84.
5884:, pp. 82–83.
5844:, pp. 46–47.
5828:, pp. 79–80.
5792:, pp. 77–78.
5632:, pp. 65–66.
5556:, pp. 61–62.
5468:, pp. 53–54.
5408:, pp. 51–52.
5348:, pp. 50–51.
5320:, pp. 49–50.
5191:, pp. 46–47.
5083:, pp. 17–18.
4895:, pp. 36–37.
4875:, pp. 34–35.
4764:, pp. 22–23.
4570:, pp. 22–23.
4478:, pp. 7, 17.
4369:on 21 August 2019
3978:George Washington
3890:
3889:
3833:Republican empire
3806:List of republics
3655:National variants
3583:Spanish Civil War
3523:French Revolution
3503:Republic of Genoa
3387:The Spirit of Law
3320:Theoretical works
2664:Neo-republicanism
2490:arsenic poisoning
2362:José María Obando
2251:, and in Panama,
2234:That constitution
2162:Battle of Tumusla
2158:a siege of Callao
2067:Peruvian congress
2011:Battle of Bomboná
1994:a Republican army
1932:prisoner exchange
1843:Casanare Province
1740:On 17 July 1817,
1699:José Antonio Páez
1651:Republic of Haiti
1623:Kingston, Jamaica
1569:besieged the city
1451:brigadier general
1307:José Domingo Díaz
1216:Patriotic Society
1169:Richard Wellesley
1159:on 10 July 1810.
1146:Luis López Méndez
1003:Germaine de Staël
895:to be proclaimed
554:, capital of the
369:
368:
143:President of Peru
16:(Redirected from
16214:
16027:
16019:
16018:
16017:
16010:
16002:
16001:
16000:
15993:
15985:
15984:
15983:
15973:
15957:
15956:
15955:
15945:
15944:
15943:
15933:
15932:
15931:
15921:
15920:
15919:
15909:
15908:
15907:
15897:
15896:
15895:
15885:
15884:
15883:
15873:
15872:
15871:
15861:
15860:
15859:
15852:
15771:Free trade areas
15660:CARICOM passport
15614:Pacific Alliance
15445:
15438:
15431:
15422:
15421:
15413:
15336:Morales-Bermúdez
15181:Morales Bermúdez
14884:
14877:
14870:
14861:
14860:
14847:
14846:
14837:
14836:
14820:
14800:
14787:
14774:
14761:
14748:
14735:
14722:
14709:
14696:
14685:Jaime Paz Zamora
14683:
14670:
14657:
14644:
14631:
14620:Luis García Meza
14618:
14605:
14592:
14579:
14566:
14553:
14540:
14529:Juan José Torres
14527:
14514:
14501:
14488:
14475:
14462:
14449:
14436:
14423:
14410:
14397:
14384:
14371:
14358:
14345:
14332:
14319:
14306:
14293:
14280:
14269:Daniel Salamanca
14267:
14254:
14241:
14228:
14215:
14202:
14189:
14176:
14163:
14150:
14139:Severo Fernández
14137:
14126:Mariano Baptista
14124:
14111:
14100:Gregorio Pacheco
14098:
14085:
14072:
14059:
14048:Adolfo Ballivián
14046:
14033:
14020:
14007:
13994:
13981:
13968:
13955:
13942:
13931:Eusebio Guilarte
13929:
13916:
13907:
13900:Sebastián Ágreda
13898:
13885:
13872:
13859:
13850:
13837:
13828:
13819:
13810:
13801:
13800:
13786:
13779:
13772:
13763:
13762:
13528:Eustorgio Salgar
13523:Santos Gutiérrez
13379:Joaquín Mosquera
13354:
13264:
13257:
13250:
13241:
13240:
13228:
13227:
13151:(2019 TV series)
13132:Bolívar el héroe
13070:
13069:
12987:Bolivarian canon
12984:
12983:
12951:Battle of Boyacá
12931:Battles and wars
12847:
12839:Hipólita Bolívar
12832:
12821:
12810:
12787:
12776:
12753:
12752:
12735:
12728:
12721:
12712:
12711:
12659:
12658:
12633:18#3 (Feb 2020)
12545:
12532:
12509:
12486:
12463:
12461:
12459:
12418:
12409:
12400:
12391:
12382:
12369:
12350:
12307:The Global South
12292:
12266:
12234:
12211:
12195:
12184:
12168:
12154:
12131:
12115:
12086:
12080:
12074:
12068:
12062:
12056:
12050:
12032:
12026:
12012:
12006:
12000:
11994:
11993:
11991:
11989:
11970:
11964:
11958:
11952:
11951:
11949:
11947:
11927:
11921:
11915:
11909:
11899:
11893:
11884:, pp. 3–8;
11879:
11873:
11867:
11861:
11855:
11849:
11843:
11837:
11831:
11822:
11808:
11802:
11796:
11790:
11784:
11778:
11768:
11762:
11756:
11750:
11744:
11738:
11732:
11726:
11716:
11710:
11700:
11694:
11680:
11674:
11664:
11658:
11652:
11646:
11640:
11634:
11628:
11622:
11612:
11606:
11605:
11603:
11601:
11579:
11573:
11572:
11570:
11568:
11559:. Archived from
11546:
11540:
11539:
11537:
11535:
11526:. 26 July 2011.
11514:
11508:
11507:
11505:
11503:
11481:
11475:
11474:
11472:
11470:
11448:
11439:
11438:
11436:
11434:
11412:
11406:
11405:
11403:
11401:
11396:on 30 March 2012
11382:
11376:
11375:
11373:
11371:
11349:
11343:
11329:
11323:
11309:
11303:
11285:
11279:
11265:
11259:
11241:
11235:
11225:
11219:
11205:
11199:
11177:
11171:
11161:
11155:
11141:
11135:
11117:
11111:
11093:
11087:
11065:
11059:
11045:
11039:
11017:
11011:
11001:
10995:
10977:
10971:
10953:
10947:
10937:
10931:
10913:
10907:
10885:
10879:
10869:
10863:
10845:
10839:
10825:
10819:
10805:
10799:
10781:
10775:
10761:
10755:
10745:
10739:
10729:
10723:
10709:
10703:
10702:
10700:
10698:
10683:
10677:
10663:
10657:
10639:
10633:
10623:
10617:
10599:
10593:
10587:
10581:
10575:
10569:
10551:
10545:
10535:
10529:
10519:
10513:
10495:
10486:
10476:
10470:
10460:
10454:
10448:
10439:
10417:
10411:
10401:
10395:
10389:
10383:
10369:
10363:
10349:
10343:
10337:
10328:
10310:
10304:
10286:
10280:
10270:
10264:
10250:
10244:
10230:
10224:
10218:
10212:
10202:
10196:
10178:
10172:
10166:
10160:
10138:
10132:
10114:
10108:
10094:
10088:
10070:
10064:
10042:
10036:
10022:
10016:
10006:
10000:
9978:
9972:
9958:
9952:
9934:
9928:
9922:
9913:
9895:
9889:
9879:
9873:
9855:
9849:
9835:
9829:
9815:
9809:
9799:
9793:
9787:
9781:
9767:
9761:
9743:
9737:
9727:
9721:
9711:
9705:
9695:
9689:
9683:
9674:
9668:
9662:
9644:
9638:
9624:
9618:
9612:
9606:
9592:
9586:
9576:
9570:
9556:
9550:
9544:
9538:
9520:
9514:
9500:
9494:
9476:
9470:
9464:
9458:
9440:
9434:
9424:
9418:
9404:
9398:
9388:
9382:
9364:
9358:
9344:
9338:
9320:
9314:
9304:
9298:
9284:
9278:
9264:
9258:
9244:
9238:
9224:
9218:
9212:
9206:
9184:
9178:
9168:
9162:
9152:
9146:
9128:
9122:
9112:
9106:
9096:
9090:
9084:
9078:
9064:
9058:
9048:
9042:
9036:
9030:
9020:
9014:
8996:
8990:
8972:
8966:
8960:
8954:
8940:
8934:
8924:
8918:
8904:
8898:
8880:
8874:
8868:
8857:
8847:
8841:
8823:
8817:
8811:
8805:
8787:
8781:
8775:
8769:
8751:
8745:
8735:
8729:
8723:
8717:
8707:
8701:
8695:
8689:
8683:
8677:
8663:
8657:
8651:
8645:
8631:
8625:
8611:
8605:
8591:
8585:
8567:
8561:
8547:
8541:
8523:
8517:
8507:
8501:
8495:
8489:
8471:
8465:
8455:
8449:
8435:
8429:
8419:
8413:
8403:
8397:
8391:
8385:
8371:
8365:
8355:
8349:
8335:
8329:
8319:
8313:
8303:
8297:
8279:
8273:
8263:
8257:
8243:
8237:
8231:
8225:
8211:
8205:
8195:
8189:
8179:
8173:
8159:
8153:
8131:
8125:
8111:
8105:
8091:
8085:
8071:
8065:
8059:
8053:
8035:
8029:
8015:
8009:
7987:
7981:
7967:
7961:
7947:
7941:
7923:
7917:
7911:
7905:
7883:
7877:
7867:
7861:
7855:
7849:
7831:
7825:
7807:
7801:
7787:
7781:
7759:
7753:
7739:
7733:
7719:
7713:
7699:
7693:
7683:
7677:
7663:
7657:
7647:
7641:
7623:
7617:
7607:
7601:
7595:
7589:
7583:
7577:
7559:
7550:
7544:
7538:
7524:
7518:
7504:
7498:
7492:
7486:
7472:
7466:
7456:
7450:
7436:
7430:
7424:
7418:
7404:
7398:
7392:
7386:
7380:
7374:
7368:
7362:
7356:
7350:
7332:
7326:
7316:
7310:
7304:
7298:
7288:
7282:
7276:
7270:
7252:
7246:
7240:
7234:
7212:
7206:
7200:
7194:
7176:
7170:
7156:
7150:
7140:
7134:
7120:
7114:
7096:
7090:
7076:
7070:
7064:
7058:
7040:
7034:
7024:
7018:
7008:
7002:
6988:
6982:
6964:
6958:
6948:
6942:
6932:
6926:
6912:
6906:
6888:
6882:
6872:
6866:
6852:
6846:
6832:
6826:
6812:
6806:
6792:
6786:
6772:
6766:
6756:
6750:
6736:
6730:
6724:
6713:
6707:
6701:
6683:
6677:
6671:
6665:
6659:
6653:
6635:
6629:
6623:
6617:
6611:
6605:
6595:
6589:
6579:
6573:
6555:
6549:
6527:
6521:
6515:
6509:
6499:
6493:
6483:
6477:
6471:
6465:
6459:
6453:
6447:
6441:
6427:
6421:
6399:
6393:
6387:
6381:
6371:
6365:
6355:
6349:
6343:
6337:
6327:
6321:
6311:
6305:
6299:
6293:
6283:
6277:
6271:
6265:
6259:
6253:
6247:
6241:
6235:
6229:
6223:
6217:
6203:
6197:
6183:
6177:
6163:
6157:
6143:
6137:
6127:
6121:
6107:
6101:
6087:
6081:
6067:
6061:
6051:
6045:
6023:
6017:
6011:
6005:
5991:
5985:
5975:
5969:
5963:
5957:
5947:
5941:
5927:
5921:
5911:
5905:
5891:
5885:
5871:
5865:
5851:
5845:
5835:
5829:
5819:
5813:
5799:
5793:
5775:
5769:
5759:
5753:
5739:
5733:
5723:
5717:
5711:
5705:
5691:
5685:
5675:
5669:
5651:
5645:
5639:
5633:
5619:
5613:
5603:
5597:
5579:
5573:
5563:
5557:
5539:
5533:
5519:
5513:
5503:
5497:
5475:
5469:
5459:
5453:
5443:
5437:
5427:
5421:
5415:
5409:
5387:
5381:
5367:
5361:
5355:
5349:
5327:
5321:
5307:
5301:
5295:
5289:
5279:
5273:
5259:
5253:
5243:
5237:
5231:
5225:
5215:
5209:
5203:
5192:
5178:
5172:
5158:
5152:
5138:
5132:
5122:
5116:
5102:
5096:
5090:
5084:
5078:
5072:
5066:
5060:
5042:
5036:
5022:
5016:
5006:
5000:
4990:
4984:
4978:
4972:
4958:
4952:
4942:
4936:
4926:
4920:
4902:
4896:
4882:
4876:
4862:
4853:
4843:
4837:
4823:
4817:
4811:
4805:
4787:
4781:
4771:
4765:
4751:
4745:
4731:
4725:
4715:
4709:
4703:
4697:
4687:
4681:
4675:
4666:
4652:
4646:
4640:
4631:
4617:
4611:
4601:
4595:
4577:
4571:
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4559:
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4547:
4533:
4527:
4517:
4511:
4497:
4491:
4485:
4479:
4465:
4459:
4445:
4439:
4425:
4419:
4413:
4407:
4385:
4379:
4378:
4376:
4374:
4365:. Archived from
4353:"Bolívar, Simón"
4349:
4343:
4342:
4340:
4338:
4329:. Archived from
4313:
4307:
4306:
4304:
4302:
4283:
4277:
4276:
4274:
4272:
4265:Congress of Peru
4257:
4240:
4237:
4231:
4228:
4222:
4220:
4218:[siˈmon]
4211:. In isolation,
4210:
4209:
4208:
4202:
4197:
4190:
4185:
4184:
4181:
4180:
4177:
4174:
4171:
4168:
4165:
4162:
4155:
4147:
4143:
4137:
4136:
4133:
4132:
4129:
4124:
4123:
4120:
4117:
4114:
4111:
4108:
4105:
4098:
4093:
4087:
4083:
4077:
4071:
4033:Bogotá residence
4030:
3964:
3960:Robert T. Conn,
3896:, and formed by
3882:
3875:
3868:
3854:
3853:
3838:Republican Party
3816:Peasant republic
3776:Communitarianism
3493:Classical Athens
3488:
3462:
3452:
3442:
3432:
3422:
3412:
3402:
3392:
3382:
3372:
3362:
3352:
3342:
3332:
2566:Mixed government
2500:
2499:
2496:Personal beliefs
2456:
2414:Death and burial
2405:
2385:House of Bourbon
2374:Battle of Tarqui
2370:Juan José Flores
2242:
2226:Empire of Brazil
2204:, named Bolívar
2186:Joseph Lancaster
2155:
2120:
2088:José de la Serna
2064:
2053:José de Canterac
2019:
1976:; Quito and the
1948:
1929:
1909:
1874:Battle of Boyacá
1835:
1812:
1809:
1805:
1781:
1766:
1727:leave of absence
1647:Alexandre Pétion
1615:Arturo Michelena
1600:
1577:
1546:Margarita Island
1523:José Tomás Boves
1413:
1389:José Félix Ribas
1378:
1367:
1320:
1315:
1299:
1295:
1291:
1287:
1277:
1262:
1251:
1154:
1144:with the lawyer
1092:
1064:Washington, D.C.
1001:, French writer
953:
946:
909:
890:
814:Puerta de Toledo
797:. He arrived in
769:, Manuel Mallo.
756:
741:
718:
703:
691:Miguel José Sanz
680:
668:
653:
642:
631:
616:
579:
568:
510:Alexandre Pétion
381:
377:
361:
344:Domestic partner
337:
335:
278:
266:
263:17 December 1830
245:
243:
231:Personal details
217:
205:
196:
174:
162:
153:
132:
120:
111:
87:
73:
72:
21:
16222:
16221:
16217:
16216:
16215:
16213:
16212:
16211:
16032:
16031:
16030:
16026:from Wikisource
16020:
16015:
16013:
16003:
15998:
15996:
15986:
15981:
15979:
15976:
15972:sister projects
15969:at Knowledge's
15963:
15953:
15951:
15941:
15939:
15929:
15927:
15917:
15915:
15905:
15903:
15893:
15891:
15881:
15879:
15869:
15867:
15857:
15855:
15847:
15845:
15840:
15839:
15834:
15813:
15765:
15704:
15655:Andean passport
15643:
15589:Lima Group (LG)
15564:Contadora group
15517:
15454:
15452:Pan-Americanism
15449:
15419:
15414:
15405:
15311:Prado Ugarteche
15286:Prado Ugarteche
15241:Pardo y Barreda
15221:Pardo y Barreda
15151:García Calderón
15126:F. Diez Canseco
15111:P. Diez Canseco
15101:P. Diez Canseco
15081:P. Diez Canseco
14897:
14888:
14858:
14853:
14821:
14812:
14811:
14798:
14785:
14772:
14759:
14746:
14733:
14720:
14707:
14694:
14681:
14668:
14655:
14642:
14629:
14616:
14603:
14594:Alberto Natusch
14590:
14577:
14564:
14551:
14538:
14525:
14512:
14499:
14490:René Barrientos
14486:
14473:
14464:René Barrientos
14460:
14447:
14434:
14421:
14408:
14395:
14386:Enrique Hertzog
14382:
14369:
14356:
14343:
14330:
14317:
14304:
14291:
14278:
14265:
14252:
14239:
14226:
14213:
14200:
14187:
14174:
14161:
14148:
14135:
14122:
14109:
14096:
14087:Narciso Campero
14083:
14070:
14057:
14044:
14031:
14022:Agustín Morales
14018:
14005:
13992:
13979:
13966:
13953:
13940:
13927:
13914:
13905:
13896:
13883:
13870:
13857:
13848:
13835:
13826:
13817:
13808:
13795:
13790:
13760:
13755:
13572:
13489:
13470:Bartolomé Calvo
13451:
13442:José María Melo
13398:
13394:Domingo Caycedo
13384:Rafael Urdaneta
13355:
13346:
13322:Joaquin Camacho
13287:José Miguel Pey
13273:
13268:
13233:
13225:
13220:
13185:
13154:
13087:
13059:
13032:
13011:
12975:
12921:
12890:North American:
12885:Simón Rodríguez
12862:Latin American:
12850:
12841:
12826:
12815:
12804:
12781:
12770:
12744:
12739:
12705:
12696:
12686:
12684:Domingo Caycedo
12677:
12643:
12631:History Compass
12555:
12553:Further reading
12550:
12529:
12506:
12483:
12457:
12455:
12366:
12300:
12295:
12289:
12271:Bushnell, David
12263:
12242:
12237:
12231:
12208:
12181:
12151:
12128:
12100:
12095:
12090:
12089:
12081:
12077:
12069:
12065:
12057:
12053:
12033:
12029:
12013:
12009:
12001:
11997:
11987:
11985:
11972:
11971:
11967:
11959:
11955:
11945:
11943:
11928:
11924:
11916:
11912:
11900:
11896:
11892:, pp. 4–6.
11880:
11876:
11868:
11864:
11856:
11852:
11844:
11840:
11832:
11825:
11813:, p. 484;
11809:
11805:
11797:
11793:
11785:
11781:
11769:
11765:
11757:
11753:
11745:
11741:
11733:
11729:
11717:
11713:
11701:
11697:
11681:
11677:
11665:
11661:
11653:
11649:
11641:
11637:
11629:
11625:
11613:
11609:
11599:
11597:
11580:
11576:
11566:
11564:
11563:on 2 April 2023
11547:
11543:
11533:
11531:
11516:
11515:
11511:
11501:
11499:
11482:
11478:
11468:
11466:
11449:
11442:
11432:
11430:
11413:
11409:
11399:
11397:
11384:
11383:
11379:
11369:
11367:
11350:
11346:
11330:
11326:
11318:, p. 278;
11314:, p. 487;
11310:
11306:
11286:
11282:
11274:, p. 275;
11266:
11262:
11250:, p. 290;
11242:
11238:
11230:, p. 274;
11226:
11222:
11214:, p. 273;
11206:
11202:
11194:, p. 105;
11178:
11174:
11166:, p. 267;
11162:
11158:
11142:
11138:
11118:
11114:
11106:, p. 103;
11094:
11090:
11066:
11062:
11054:, p. 237;
11050:, p. 276;
11046:
11042:
11034:, p. 102;
11018:
11014:
11006:, p. 274;
11002:
10998:
10978:
10974:
10966:, p. 228;
10962:, p. 272;
10954:
10950:
10942:, p. 436;
10938:
10934:
10914:
10910:
10894:, p. 270;
10886:
10882:
10874:, p. 270;
10870:
10866:
10846:
10842:
10834:, p. 218;
10826:
10822:
10814:, p. 268;
10810:, p. 426;
10806:
10802:
10782:
10778:
10766:, p. 406;
10762:
10758:
10750:, p. 394;
10746:
10742:
10734:, p. 201;
10730:
10726:
10710:
10706:
10696:
10694:
10685:
10684:
10680:
10672:, p. 257;
10664:
10660:
10648:, p. 257;
10640:
10636:
10624:
10620:
10600:
10596:
10588:
10584:
10576:
10572:
10552:
10548:
10540:, p. 252;
10536:
10532:
10524:, p. 252;
10520:
10516:
10508:, p. 193;
10504:, p. 251;
10500:, p. 376;
10496:
10489:
10481:, p. 376;
10477:
10473:
10465:, p. 375;
10461:
10457:
10449:
10442:
10418:
10414:
10402:
10398:
10390:
10386:
10370:
10366:
10358:, p. 244;
10354:, p. 362;
10350:
10346:
10338:
10331:
10319:, p. 185;
10311:
10307:
10295:, p. 185;
10287:
10283:
10275:, p. 356;
10271:
10267:
10251:
10247:
10239:, p. 241;
10235:, p. 353;
10231:
10227:
10219:
10215:
10207:, p. 243;
10203:
10199:
10179:
10175:
10167:
10163:
10139:
10135:
10127:, p. 172;
10123:, p. 235;
10119:, p. 331;
10115:
10111:
10103:, p. 235;
10099:, p. 331;
10095:
10091:
10079:, p. 234;
10071:
10067:
10047:, p. 327;
10043:
10039:
10027:, p. 327;
10023:
10019:
10007:
10003:
9991:, p. 170;
9983:, p. 325;
9979:
9975:
9967:, p. 168;
9963:, p. 320;
9959:
9955:
9947:, p. 169;
9943:, p. 226;
9935:
9931:
9923:
9916:
9904:, p. 221;
9900:, p. 321;
9896:
9892:
9884:, p. 312;
9880:
9876:
9868:, p. 167;
9860:, p. 317;
9856:
9852:
9836:
9832:
9824:, p. 222;
9820:, p. 317;
9816:
9812:
9800:
9796:
9788:
9784:
9776:, p. 224;
9768:
9764:
9752:, p. 221;
9744:
9740:
9732:, p. 221;
9728:
9724:
9712:
9708:
9700:, p. 221;
9696:
9692:
9684:
9677:
9669:
9665:
9645:
9641:
9633:, p. 218;
9629:, p. 304;
9625:
9621:
9613:
9609:
9601:, p. 216;
9593:
9589:
9581:, p. 303;
9577:
9573:
9565:, p. 138;
9561:, p. 211;
9557:
9553:
9545:
9541:
9533:, p. 137;
9525:, p. 297;
9521:
9517:
9509:, p. 209;
9505:, p. 297;
9501:
9497:
9477:
9473:
9465:
9461:
9453:, p. 136;
9449:, p. 204;
9441:
9437:
9425:
9421:
9409:, p. 290;
9405:
9401:
9393:, p. 290;
9389:
9385:
9377:, p. 134;
9373:, p. 198;
9369:, p. 284;
9365:
9361:
9349:, p. 283;
9345:
9341:
9321:
9317:
9309:, p. 195;
9305:
9301:
9293:, p. 131;
9285:
9281:
9273:, p. 130;
9269:, p. 280;
9265:
9261:
9249:, p. 276;
9245:
9241:
9233:, p. 130;
9229:, p. 193;
9225:
9221:
9213:
9209:
9185:
9181:
9173:, p. 128;
9169:
9165:
9157:, p. 166;
9153:
9149:
9141:, p. 128;
9137:, p. 184;
9133:, p. 264;
9129:
9125:
9117:, p. 184;
9113:
9109:
9101:, p. 127;
9097:
9093:
9085:
9081:
9069:, p. 127;
9065:
9061:
9053:, p. 183;
9049:
9045:
9037:
9033:
9025:, p. 176;
9021:
9017:
9009:, p. 127;
9005:, p. 183;
9001:, p. 263;
8997:
8993:
8985:, p. 126;
8973:
8969:
8961:
8957:
8949:, p. 180;
8945:, p. 254;
8941:
8937:
8929:, p. 246;
8925:
8921:
8905:
8901:
8893:, p. 119;
8889:, p. 180;
8885:, p. 245;
8881:
8877:
8869:
8860:
8852:, p. 244;
8848:
8844:
8824:
8820:
8812:
8808:
8800:, p. 116;
8796:, p. 173;
8788:
8784:
8776:
8772:
8764:, p. 115;
8752:
8748:
8736:
8732:
8724:
8720:
8712:, p. 163;
8708:
8704:
8696:
8692:
8684:
8680:
8672:, p. 157;
8668:, p. 215;
8664:
8660:
8652:
8648:
8640:, p. 160;
8636:, p. 220;
8632:
8628:
8612:
8608:
8600:, p. 106;
8596:, p. 217;
8592:
8588:
8580:, p. 104;
8576:, p. 156;
8568:
8564:
8548:
8544:
8532:, p. 155;
8528:, p. 211;
8524:
8520:
8512:, p. 210;
8508:
8504:
8496:
8492:
8480:, p. 153;
8472:
8468:
8460:, p. 210;
8456:
8452:
8444:, p. 102;
8440:, p. 153;
8436:
8432:
8420:
8416:
8408:, p. 152;
8404:
8400:
8392:
8388:
8380:, p. 102;
8372:
8368:
8356:
8352:
8340:, p. 203;
8336:
8332:
8324:, p. 203;
8320:
8316:
8308:, p. 146;
8304:
8300:
8292:, p. 101;
8288:, p. 146;
8284:, p. 203;
8280:
8276:
8264:
8260:
8252:, p. 101;
8248:, p. 202;
8244:
8240:
8232:
8228:
8212:
8208:
8200:, p. 197;
8196:
8192:
8184:, p. 142;
8180:
8176:
8164:, p. 197;
8160:
8156:
8144:, p. 100;
8132:
8128:
8120:, p. 100;
8112:
8108:
8100:, p. 100;
8096:, p. 195;
8092:
8088:
8072:
8068:
8060:
8056:
8044:, p. 130;
8040:, p. 193;
8036:
8032:
8024:, p. 130;
8016:
8012:
7996:, p. 130;
7992:, p. 192;
7988:
7984:
7972:, p. 129;
7968:
7964:
7952:, p. 191;
7948:
7944:
7932:, p. 129;
7928:, p. 183;
7924:
7920:
7912:
7908:
7884:
7880:
7872:, p. 116;
7868:
7864:
7856:
7852:
7840:, p. 115;
7832:
7828:
7816:, p. 114;
7808:
7804:
7792:, p. 114;
7788:
7784:
7760:
7756:
7740:
7736:
7724:, p. 167;
7720:
7716:
7700:
7696:
7688:, p. 163;
7684:
7680:
7668:, p. 109;
7664:
7660:
7648:
7644:
7632:, p. 108;
7624:
7620:
7612:, p. 108;
7608:
7604:
7596:
7592:
7584:
7580:
7568:, p. 106;
7564:, p. 161;
7560:
7553:
7545:
7541:
7525:
7521:
7505:
7501:
7493:
7489:
7473:
7469:
7461:, p. 135;
7457:
7453:
7441:, p. 140;
7437:
7433:
7425:
7421:
7405:
7401:
7393:
7389:
7381:
7377:
7369:
7365:
7357:
7353:
7333:
7329:
7317:
7313:
7305:
7301:
7289:
7285:
7277:
7273:
7257:, p. 129;
7253:
7249:
7241:
7237:
7217:, p. 124;
7213:
7209:
7201:
7197:
7177:
7173:
7161:, p. 119;
7157:
7153:
7141:
7137:
7121:
7117:
7097:
7093:
7081:, p. 116;
7077:
7073:
7065:
7061:
7041:
7037:
7025:
7021:
7009:
7005:
6989:
6985:
6965:
6961:
6953:, p. 105;
6949:
6945:
6937:, p. 105;
6933:
6929:
6913:
6909:
6889:
6885:
6873:
6869:
6853:
6849:
6837:, p. 103;
6833:
6829:
6817:, p. 101;
6813:
6809:
6797:, p. 100;
6793:
6789:
6773:
6769:
6757:
6753:
6737:
6733:
6725:
6716:
6708:
6704:
6684:
6680:
6672:
6668:
6660:
6656:
6636:
6632:
6624:
6620:
6612:
6608:
6596:
6592:
6580:
6576:
6556:
6552:
6528:
6524:
6516:
6512:
6500:
6496:
6484:
6480:
6472:
6468:
6460:
6456:
6448:
6444:
6428:
6424:
6400:
6396:
6388:
6384:
6372:
6368:
6356:
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6340:
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6312:
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6284:
6280:
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6260:
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6128:
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6108:
6104:
6088:
6084:
6068:
6064:
6052:
6048:
6024:
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6012:
6008:
5992:
5988:
5976:
5972:
5964:
5960:
5948:
5944:
5928:
5924:
5912:
5908:
5892:
5888:
5872:
5868:
5852:
5848:
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5820:
5816:
5800:
5796:
5776:
5772:
5760:
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5740:
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5708:
5692:
5688:
5676:
5672:
5652:
5648:
5640:
5636:
5620:
5616:
5604:
5600:
5580:
5576:
5564:
5560:
5540:
5536:
5520:
5516:
5508:, p. 114;
5504:
5500:
5476:
5472:
5460:
5456:
5444:
5440:
5428:
5424:
5416:
5412:
5388:
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5328:
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5216:
5212:
5204:
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5179:
5175:
5159:
5155:
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5135:
5123:
5119:
5103:
5099:
5091:
5087:
5079:
5075:
5067:
5063:
5043:
5039:
5023:
5019:
5007:
5003:
4991:
4987:
4979:
4975:
4959:
4955:
4943:
4939:
4927:
4923:
4903:
4899:
4883:
4879:
4863:
4856:
4844:
4840:
4824:
4820:
4812:
4808:
4788:
4784:
4772:
4768:
4752:
4748:
4732:
4728:
4716:
4712:
4704:
4700:
4688:
4684:
4676:
4669:
4653:
4649:
4641:
4634:
4618:
4614:
4602:
4598:
4578:
4574:
4566:
4562:
4554:
4550:
4534:
4530:
4518:
4514:
4506:, p. xix;
4502:, p. 311;
4498:
4494:
4486:
4482:
4466:
4462:
4446:
4442:
4438:, pp. 8–9.
4426:
4422:
4414:
4410:
4406:, pp. 6–8.
4394:, p. 311;
4386:
4382:
4372:
4370:
4351:
4350:
4346:
4336:
4334:
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4094:
4090:
4084:
4080:
4072:
4068:
4063:
4041:
4024:
3966:
3959:
3950:
3934:Catholic Church
3914:Baron d'Holbach
3886:
3848:
3843:
3842:
3761:
3753:
3752:
3656:
3648:
3647:
3533:Trienio Liberal
3474:
3466:
3465:
3460:
3450:
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3430:
3420:
3410:
3400:
3390:
3380:
3370:
3360:
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3321:
3313:
3312:
3048:Flynn (Stephen)
2933:
2925:
2924:
2765:
2757:
2756:
2682:
2674:
2673:
2629:
2621:
2620:
2616:Social equality
2611:Social contract
2601:Self-governance
2556:Democratization
2531:Anti-corruption
2526:Anti-monarchism
2521:
2505:Politics series
2498:
2450:
2416:
2408:Domingo Caycedo
2399:
2277:
2271:
2236:
2149:
2127:Battle of Junín
2114:
2084:Viceroy of Peru
2058:
2013:
2007:Pyrrhic victory
2002:liberated Chile
1974:Pasto, Colombia
1970:
1942:
1923:
1903:
1829:
1810:
1799:
1789:
1775:
1760:
1719:Rafael Urdaneta
1607:
1594:
1571:
1527:Battle of Urica
1509:Santiago Mariño
1482:Santiago Mariño
1420:Magdalena River
1407:
1372:
1361:
1355:
1322:
1309:
1304:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1285:
1271:
1256:
1254:Marquis of Toro
1245:
1185:
1148:
1129:regency council
1118:Vicente Emparán
1086:
1025:
1019:
965:. Beginning in
955:
951:
944:
936:Spanish America
903:
884:
846:
789:at the port of
750:
735:
721:Simón Rodríguez
712:
697:
687:
674:
662:
647:
636:
625:
619:legal guardians
610:
573:
562:
548:
484:forces for the
379:
375:
339:
331:
327:
324:
311:
276:
268:
264:
247:
241:
239:
215:
203:
197:
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160:
154:
149:
136:Domingo Caycedo
130:
118:
112:
107:
90:
78:
69:
62:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
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16159:
16154:
16149:
16144:
16139:
16134:
16129:
16124:
16119:
16114:
16109:
16107:Bolívar family
16104:
16099:
16094:
16089:
16084:
16079:
16074:
16069:
16064:
16059:
16054:
16049:
16044:
16029:
16028:
16011:
16009:from Wikiquote
15994:
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15393:
15388:
15383:
15378:
15373:
15368:
15363:
15358:
15353:
15348:
15343:
15341:Belaúnde Terry
15338:
15333:
15328:
15326:Belaúnde Terry
15323:
15318:
15313:
15308:
15303:
15298:
15293:
15288:
15283:
15278:
15273:
15271:Samanez Ocampo
15268:
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14855:
14854:
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14851:
14841:
14830:
14827:
14826:
14823:
14822:
14815:
14813:
14810:
14809:
14796:
14783:
14770:
14757:
14744:
14731:
14718:
14705:
14692:
14679:
14666:
14653:
14640:
14633:Celso Torrelio
14627:
14614:
14601:
14588:
14581:Wálter Guevara
14575:
14562:
14549:
14536:
14523:
14510:
14497:
14484:
14471:
14458:
14445:
14432:
14419:
14412:Hugo Ballivián
14406:
14393:
14380:
14367:
14360:Néstor Guillén
14354:
14341:
14328:
14315:
14302:
14289:
14276:
14263:
14250:
14237:
14224:
14211:
14198:
14185:
14172:
14159:
14146:
14133:
14120:
14107:
14094:
14081:
14068:
14055:
14042:
14029:
14016:
14003:
13990:
13977:
13964:
13951:
13938:
13925:
13918:José Ballivián
13912:
13903:
13894:
13881:
13868:
13855:
13846:
13833:
13824:
13815:
13805:
13804:
13797:
13796:
13789:
13788:
13781:
13774:
13766:
13757:
13756:
13754:
13753:
13748:
13743:
13738:
13733:
13728:
13726:Ernesto Samper
13723:
13718:
13713:
13708:
13703:
13698:
13693:
13688:
13683:
13678:
13673:
13671:Laureano Gómez
13668:
13663:
13658:
13653:
13648:
13643:
13638:
13633:
13628:
13623:
13618:
13613:
13608:
13603:
13598:
13593:
13588:
13582:
13580:
13574:
13573:
13571:
13570:
13565:
13560:
13555:
13550:
13545:
13540:
13535:
13530:
13525:
13520:
13515:
13510:
13505:
13499:
13497:
13491:
13490:
13488:
13487:
13482:
13477:
13472:
13467:
13461:
13459:
13453:
13452:
13450:
13449:
13444:
13439:
13434:
13429:
13424:
13419:
13414:
13408:
13406:
13400:
13399:
13397:
13396:
13391:
13386:
13381:
13376:
13371:
13365:
13363:
13357:
13356:
13349:
13347:
13345:
13344:
13339:
13334:
13329:
13324:
13319:
13314:
13309:
13304:
13299:
13294:
13289:
13283:
13281:
13275:
13274:
13267:
13266:
13259:
13252:
13244:
13238:
13235:
13234:
13222:
13221:
13219:
13218:
13213:
13208:
13203:
13197:
13195:
13191:
13190:
13187:
13186:
13184:
13183:
13178:
13173:
13168:
13162:
13160:
13156:
13155:
13153:
13152:
13144:
13136:
13128:
13124:Bolívar soy yo
13120:
13112:
13104:
13095:
13093:
13089:
13088:
13086:
13085:
13076:
13074:
13067:
13061:
13060:
13058:
13057:
13052:
13046:
13044:
13038:
13037:
13034:
13033:
13031:
13030:
13025:
13019:
13017:
13013:
13012:
13010:
13009:
13003:
13000:Jamaica Letter
12997:
12990:
12988:
12981:
12977:
12976:
12974:
12973:
12968:
12963:
12958:
12935:
12933:
12927:
12926:
12923:
12922:
12920:
12919:
12913:George Canning
12899:
12897:Andrew Jackson
12887:
12858:
12856:
12855:Contemporaries
12852:
12851:
12849:
12848:
12833:
12796:
12788:
12761:
12759:
12750:
12746:
12745:
12738:
12737:
12730:
12723:
12715:
12707:
12706:
12701:
12698:
12688:
12687:
12682:
12679:
12670:
12664:
12663:
12657:
12656:
12642:
12641:External links
12639:
12638:
12637:
12627:
12611:
12597:
12590:
12579:
12565:
12554:
12551:
12549:
12548:
12547:
12546:
12534:
12533:
12527:
12510:
12504:
12487:
12481:
12464:
12434:(in Spanish).
12422:
12421:
12420:
12419:
12410:
12401:
12392:
12383:
12371:
12370:
12364:
12351:
12301:
12299:
12296:
12294:
12293:
12287:
12273:, ed. (2003).
12267:
12261:
12243:
12241:
12238:
12236:
12235:
12229:
12212:
12206:
12185:
12179:
12155:
12149:
12132:
12126:
12101:
12099:
12096:
12094:
12091:
12088:
12087:
12085:, p. 206.
12075:
12063:
12061:, p. 111.
12051:
12027:
12025:, p. 458.
12007:
11995:
11965:
11963:, p. 302.
11953:
11922:
11910:
11908:, p. 459.
11894:
11874:
11862:
11850:
11848:, p. 460.
11838:
11823:
11803:
11791:
11779:
11763:
11751:
11739:
11727:
11711:
11695:
11675:
11659:
11647:
11635:
11623:
11607:
11574:
11541:
11509:
11476:
11440:
11425:(in Spanish).
11407:
11377:
11344:
11324:
11322:, p. 456.
11304:
11280:
11260:
11236:
11234:, p. 439.
11220:
11200:
11172:
11156:
11136:
11112:
11088:
11060:
11058:, p. 393.
11040:
11012:
11010:, p. 231.
10996:
10972:
10948:
10946:, p. 272.
10932:
10926:, p. 99;
10908:
10902:, p. 99;
10880:
10878:, p. 367.
10864:
10840:
10820:
10800:
10776:
10756:
10754:, p. 264.
10740:
10724:
10722:, p. 201.
10704:
10678:
10676:, p. 200.
10658:
10634:
10618:
10616:, p. 339.
10594:
10590:McFarlane 2014
10582:
10578:McFarlane 2014
10570:
10546:
10544:, p. 331.
10530:
10528:, p. 193.
10514:
10512:, p. 329.
10487:
10485:, p. 329.
10471:
10469:, p. 250.
10455:
10453:, p. 402.
10451:McFarlane 2014
10440:
10434:, p. 88;
10412:
10396:
10384:
10364:
10344:
10342:, p. 398.
10340:McFarlane 2014
10329:
10327:, p. 312.
10305:
10299:, p. 86;
10281:
10279:, p. 184.
10265:
10245:
10243:, p. 183.
10225:
10221:McFarlane 2014
10213:
10197:
10173:
10169:McFarlane 2014
10161:
10155:, p. 82;
10133:
10109:
10089:
10087:, p. 292.
10065:
10059:, p. 81;
10037:
10017:
10015:, p. 227.
10001:
9973:
9971:, p. 280.
9953:
9929:
9927:, p. 393.
9925:McFarlane 2014
9914:
9890:
9888:, p. 146.
9874:
9872:, p. 278.
9850:
9844:, p. 79;
9830:
9828:, p. 167.
9810:
9794:
9792:, p. 167.
9782:
9780:, p. 167.
9762:
9760:, p. 271.
9738:
9736:, p. 271.
9722:
9720:, p. 266.
9706:
9704:, p. 267.
9690:
9688:, p. 392.
9686:McFarlane 2014
9675:
9671:McFarlane 2014
9663:
9639:
9637:, p. 263.
9619:
9617:, p. 391.
9615:McFarlane 2014
9607:
9605:, p. 139.
9587:
9585:, p. 216.
9571:
9569:, p. 257.
9551:
9547:McFarlane 2014
9539:
9515:
9513:, p. 254.
9495:
9471:
9469:, p. 368.
9467:McFarlane 2014
9459:
9435:
9419:
9417:, p. 247.
9399:
9397:, p. 247.
9383:
9359:
9357:, p. 246.
9339:
9315:
9299:
9279:
9259:
9239:
9219:
9215:McFarlane 2014
9207:
9201:, p. 75;
9179:
9177:, p. 232.
9163:
9161:, p. 185.
9147:
9123:
9121:, p. 230.
9107:
9091:
9087:McFarlane 2014
9079:
9077:, p. 228.
9073:, p. 75;
9059:
9057:, p. 127.
9043:
9039:McFarlane 2014
9031:
9029:, p. 124.
9015:
8991:
8967:
8965:, p. 255.
8955:
8953:, p. 225.
8935:
8933:, p. 222.
8919:
8899:
8897:, p. 222.
8875:
8873:, p. 325.
8871:McFarlane 2014
8858:
8856:, p. 117.
8842:
8818:
8814:McFarlane 2014
8806:
8782:
8780:, p. 317.
8778:McFarlane 2014
8770:
8746:
8744:, p. 207.
8730:
8728:, p. 319.
8726:McFarlane 2014
8718:
8702:
8700:, p. 163.
8690:
8686:McFarlane 2014
8678:
8676:, p. 201.
8658:
8656:, p. 160.
8646:
8626:
8606:
8604:, p. 197.
8586:
8584:, p. 202.
8562:
8542:
8518:
8516:, p. 154.
8502:
8500:, p. 315.
8498:McFarlane 2014
8490:
8488:, p. 193.
8466:
8464:, p. 195.
8450:
8448:, p. 193.
8430:
8414:
8412:, p. 192.
8398:
8394:McFarlane 2014
8386:
8366:
8364:, p. 102.
8350:
8330:
8328:, p. 191.
8314:
8298:
8296:, p. 189.
8274:
8272:, p. 190.
8258:
8256:, p. 189.
8238:
8236:, p. 314.
8234:McFarlane 2014
8226:
8224:, p. 100.
8206:
8190:
8188:, p. 100.
8174:
8172:, p. 186.
8168:, p. 60;
8154:
8152:, p. 186.
8148:, p. 60;
8126:
8106:
8104:, p. 183.
8086:
8084:, p. 179.
8066:
8064:, p. 313.
8062:McFarlane 2014
8054:
8052:, p. 179.
8048:, p. 97;
8030:
8028:, p. 179.
8010:
8004:, p. 59;
8000:, p. 97;
7982:
7980:, p. 178.
7976:, p. 59;
7962:
7956:, p. 97;
7942:
7940:, p. 177.
7918:
7906:
7878:
7862:
7860:, p. 138.
7858:McFarlane 2014
7850:
7844:, p. 90;
7826:
7820:, p. 55;
7802:
7782:
7776:, p. 55;
7754:
7752:, p. 168.
7734:
7728:, p. 89;
7714:
7694:
7692:, p. 163.
7678:
7672:, p. 87;
7658:
7642:
7640:, p. 161.
7618:
7616:, p. 160.
7602:
7600:, p. 162.
7590:
7588:, p. 107.
7578:
7576:, p. 159.
7572:, p. 86;
7551:
7547:McFarlane 2014
7539:
7533:, p. 50;
7519:
7499:
7495:McFarlane 2014
7487:
7485:, p. 153.
7477:, p. 86;
7467:
7451:
7449:, p. 150.
7445:, p. 47;
7431:
7427:McFarlane 2014
7419:
7399:
7397:, p. 122.
7395:McFarlane 2014
7387:
7375:
7373:, p. 125.
7371:McFarlane 2014
7363:
7351:
7349:, p. 140.
7345:, p. 72;
7341:, p. 76;
7327:
7311:
7309:, p. 123.
7307:McFarlane 2014
7299:
7283:
7281:, p. 120.
7279:McFarlane 2014
7271:
7269:, p. 146.
7265:, p. 75;
7261:, p. 75;
7247:
7245:, p. 115.
7243:McFarlane 2014
7235:
7229:, p. 46;
7225:, p. 73;
7221:, p. 77;
7207:
7195:
7171:
7169:, p. 138.
7165:, p. 74;
7151:
7135:
7115:
7091:
7085:, p. 69;
7071:
7069:, p. 116.
7059:
7049:, p. 70;
7035:
7029:, p. 71;
7019:
7017:, p. 128.
7003:
6997:, p. 42;
6993:, p. 67;
6983:
6973:, p. 67;
6959:
6957:, p. 122.
6943:
6927:
6925:, p. 122.
6921:, p. 62;
6907:
6883:
6881:, p. 118.
6877:, p. 61;
6867:
6865:, p. 119.
6861:, p. 61;
6857:, p. 64;
6847:
6845:, p. 118.
6841:, p. 63;
6827:
6807:
6801:, p. 58;
6787:
6785:, p. 112.
6781:, p. 60;
6777:, p. 57;
6767:
6765:, p. 112.
6761:, p. 57;
6751:
6749:, p. 112.
6745:, p. 60;
6731:
6727:McFarlane 2014
6714:
6702:
6696:, p. 59;
6692:, p. 56;
6678:
6666:
6654:
6644:, p. 59;
6640:, p. 55;
6630:
6626:McFarlane 2014
6618:
6606:
6600:, p. 93;
6590:
6588:, p. 105.
6584:, p. 92;
6574:
6568:, p. 58;
6560:, p. 92;
6550:
6548:, p. 104.
6544:, p. 34;
6540:, p. 34;
6536:, p. 48;
6532:, p. 91;
6522:
6518:McFarlane 2014
6510:
6508:, p. 104.
6504:, p. 91;
6494:
6492:, p. 100.
6488:, p. 58;
6478:
6466:
6454:
6450:McFarlane 2014
6442:
6440:, p. 101.
6436:, p. 47;
6432:, p. 88;
6422:
6416:, p. 33;
6412:, p. 55;
6408:, p. 47;
6394:
6392:, p. 100.
6382:
6376:, p. 86;
6366:
6360:, p. 46;
6350:
6346:McFarlane 2014
6338:
6332:, p. 84;
6322:
6316:, p. 83;
6306:
6302:McFarlane 2014
6294:
6288:, p. 54;
6278:
6266:
6254:
6242:
6230:
6218:
6212:, p. 54;
6198:
6192:, p. 41;
6178:
6172:, p. 53;
6168:, p. 41;
6158:
6152:, p. 31;
6148:, p. 41;
6138:
6132:, p. 53;
6122:
6112:, p. 50;
6102:
6096:, p. 40;
6092:, p. 77;
6082:
6062:
6046:
6040:, p. 28;
6032:, p. 38;
6018:
6006:
6000:, p. 48;
5996:, p. 38;
5986:
5980:, p. 38;
5970:
5966:McFarlane 2014
5958:
5952:, p. 48;
5942:
5922:
5916:, p. 67;
5906:
5900:, p. 47;
5896:, p. 35;
5886:
5880:, p. 47;
5876:, p. 35;
5866:
5860:, p. 46;
5846:
5830:
5814:
5808:, p. 45;
5794:
5788:, p. 44;
5770:
5764:, p. 41;
5754:
5748:, p. 41;
5734:
5728:, p. 26;
5718:
5706:
5700:, p. 39;
5696:, p. 25;
5686:
5680:, p. 25;
5670:
5664:, p. 39;
5660:, p. 30;
5646:
5634:
5628:, p. 26;
5624:, p. 24;
5614:
5598:
5592:, p. 26;
5588:, p. 24;
5584:, p. 41;
5574:
5568:, p. 24;
5558:
5552:, p. 25;
5548:, p. 24;
5544:, p. 41;
5534:
5528:, p. 25;
5524:, p. 24;
5514:
5498:
5492:, p. 15;
5488:, p. 23;
5470:
5464:, p. 23;
5454:
5448:, p. 20;
5438:
5432:, p. 20;
5422:
5410:
5404:, p. 15;
5400:, p. 22;
5396:, p. 20;
5382:
5376:, p. 22;
5362:
5350:
5344:, p. 14;
5340:, p. 21;
5332:, p. 31;
5322:
5316:, p. 20;
5312:, p. 19;
5302:
5290:
5284:, p. 20;
5274:
5268:, p. 19;
5264:, p. 31;
5254:
5248:, p. 19;
5238:
5226:
5220:, p. 20;
5210:
5193:
5183:, p. 30;
5173:
5167:, p. 19;
5153:
5147:, p. 18;
5143:, p. 30;
5133:
5127:, p. 19;
5117:
5111:, p. 13;
5107:, p. 28;
5097:
5085:
5073:
5061:
5055:, p. 13;
5051:, p. 18;
5047:, p. 28;
5037:
5031:, p. 19;
5027:, p. 18;
5017:
5011:, p. 18;
5001:
4995:, p. 18;
4985:
4973:
4967:, p. 18;
4963:, p. 27;
4953:
4947:, p. 17;
4937:
4931:, p. 18;
4921:
4915:, p. 18;
4911:, p. 17;
4907:, p. 27;
4897:
4891:, p. 17;
4887:, p. 27;
4877:
4854:
4848:, p. 25;
4838:
4832:, p. 17;
4828:, p. 25;
4818:
4806:
4800:, p. 17;
4796:, p. 14;
4792:, p. 25;
4782:
4776:, p. 17;
4766:
4746:
4726:
4710:
4698:
4692:, p. 24;
4682:
4667:
4661:, p. 13;
4657:, p. 23;
4647:
4632:
4622:, p. 23;
4612:
4610:, p. xix.
4606:, p. 12;
4596:
4590:, p. 16;
4572:
4560:
4548:
4538:, p. 23;
4528:
4512:
4492:
4480:
4470:, p. 20;
4460:
4450:, p. 20;
4440:
4434:, p. 10;
4430:, p. 20;
4420:
4408:
4380:
4344:
4333:on 31 May 2019
4308:
4278:
4267:. 22 June 1827
4263:(in Spanish).
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3786:Egalitarianism
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3760:Related topics
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2412:
2380:in September.
2270:
2267:
2222:Cisplatine War
1969:
1966:
1788:
1785:
1742:Angostura fell
1715:Ciudad Bolívar
1695:third republic
1631:Renato Beluche
1627:Jamaica Letter
1606:
1603:
1416:Pierre Labatut
1354:
1351:
1339:Puerto Cabello
1281:
1184:
1181:
1021:Main article:
1018:
1015:
940:
845:
842:
686:
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591:Bolívar family
547:
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514:third republic
472:Bolívar began
453:that ended in
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15276:Sánchez Cerro
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14724:Jorge Quiroga
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14664:
14660:
14654:
14651:
14647:
14646:Guido Vildoso
14641:
14638:
14634:
14628:
14625:
14621:
14615:
14612:
14608:
14602:
14599:
14595:
14589:
14586:
14582:
14576:
14573:
14569:
14568:David Padilla
14563:
14560:
14556:
14550:
14547:
14543:
14537:
14534:
14530:
14524:
14521:
14517:
14511:
14508:
14504:
14498:
14495:
14491:
14485:
14482:
14478:
14472:
14469:
14465:
14459:
14456:
14452:
14446:
14443:
14439:
14433:
14430:
14426:
14420:
14417:
14413:
14407:
14404:
14400:
14394:
14391:
14387:
14381:
14378:
14374:
14368:
14365:
14361:
14355:
14352:
14348:
14342:
14339:
14335:
14329:
14326:
14322:
14316:
14313:
14309:
14303:
14300:
14296:
14290:
14287:
14283:
14277:
14274:
14270:
14264:
14261:
14257:
14251:
14248:
14244:
14238:
14235:
14231:
14225:
14222:
14218:
14212:
14209:
14205:
14199:
14196:
14192:
14191:Ismael Montes
14186:
14183:
14179:
14173:
14170:
14166:
14165:Ismael Montes
14160:
14157:
14153:
14147:
14144:
14140:
14134:
14131:
14127:
14121:
14118:
14114:
14108:
14105:
14101:
14095:
14092:
14088:
14082:
14079:
14075:
14074:Hilarión Daza
14069:
14066:
14062:
14056:
14053:
14049:
14043:
14040:
14036:
14030:
14027:
14023:
14017:
14014:
14010:
14004:
14001:
13997:
13991:
13988:
13984:
13978:
13975:
13971:
13970:Jorge Córdova
13965:
13962:
13958:
13952:
13949:
13945:
13939:
13936:
13932:
13926:
13923:
13919:
13913:
13910:
13904:
13901:
13895:
13892:
13888:
13882:
13879:
13875:
13869:
13866:
13862:
13856:
13853:
13847:
13844:
13840:
13834:
13831:
13825:
13822:
13816:
13813:
13812:Simón Bolívar
13807:
13806:
13802:
13798:
13794:
13787:
13782:
13780:
13775:
13773:
13768:
13767:
13764:
13752:
13751:Gustavo Petro
13749:
13747:
13744:
13742:
13739:
13737:
13734:
13732:
13729:
13727:
13724:
13722:
13721:César Gaviria
13719:
13717:
13714:
13712:
13709:
13707:
13704:
13702:
13699:
13697:
13694:
13692:
13689:
13687:
13684:
13682:
13679:
13677:
13674:
13672:
13669:
13667:
13664:
13662:
13659:
13657:
13654:
13652:
13649:
13647:
13644:
13642:
13639:
13637:
13634:
13632:
13631:Jorge Holguín
13629:
13627:
13624:
13622:
13619:
13617:
13614:
13612:
13609:
13607:
13604:
13602:
13599:
13597:
13594:
13592:
13589:
13587:
13584:
13583:
13581:
13579:
13575:
13569:
13566:
13564:
13561:
13559:
13556:
13554:
13551:
13549:
13546:
13544:
13543:Aquileo Parra
13541:
13539:
13536:
13534:
13531:
13529:
13526:
13524:
13521:
13519:
13518:Santos Acosta
13516:
13514:
13511:
13509:
13506:
13504:
13501:
13500:
13498:
13496:
13492:
13486:
13483:
13481:
13478:
13476:
13473:
13471:
13468:
13466:
13463:
13462:
13460:
13458:
13454:
13448:
13445:
13443:
13440:
13438:
13435:
13433:
13430:
13428:
13425:
13423:
13420:
13418:
13415:
13413:
13410:
13409:
13407:
13405:
13401:
13395:
13392:
13390:
13387:
13385:
13382:
13380:
13377:
13375:
13372:
13370:
13369:Simón Bolívar
13367:
13366:
13364:
13362:
13358:
13353:
13343:
13340:
13338:
13335:
13333:
13330:
13328:
13325:
13323:
13320:
13318:
13315:
13313:
13310:
13308:
13305:
13303:
13300:
13298:
13295:
13293:
13290:
13288:
13285:
13284:
13282:
13280:
13276:
13272:
13265:
13260:
13258:
13253:
13251:
13246:
13245:
13242:
13236:
13229:
13217:
13214:
13212:
13209:
13207:
13204:
13202:
13199:
13198:
13196:
13192:
13182:
13179:
13177:
13174:
13172:
13169:
13167:
13164:
13163:
13161:
13157:
13150:
13149:
13145:
13142:
13141:
13140:The Liberator
13137:
13134:
13133:
13129:
13126:
13125:
13121:
13118:
13117:
13113:
13110:
13109:
13108:Simón Bolívar
13105:
13102:
13101:
13100:Simón Bolívar
13097:
13096:
13094:
13090:
13083:
13082:
13078:
13077:
13075:
13071:
13068:
13066:
13062:
13056:
13053:
13051:
13050:Bolivarianism
13048:
13047:
13045:
13043:
13039:
13029:
13026:
13024:
13021:
13020:
13018:
13016:Constitutions
13014:
13007:
13004:
13001:
12998:
12995:
12992:
12991:
12989:
12985:
12982:
12978:
12972:
12969:
12967:
12964:
12962:
12959:
12956:
12952:
12948:
12944:
12940:
12937:
12936:
12934:
12932:
12928:
12918:
12914:
12910:
12906:
12903:
12900:
12898:
12894:
12891:
12888:
12886:
12882:
12878:
12874:
12870:
12866:
12863:
12860:
12859:
12857:
12853:
12845:
12840:
12837:
12834:
12830:
12825:
12819:
12814:
12808:
12803:
12800:
12797:
12795:
12792:
12789:
12785:
12780:
12774:
12769:
12766:
12763:
12762:
12760:
12758:
12754:
12751:
12747:
12743:
12742:Simón Bolívar
12736:
12731:
12729:
12724:
12722:
12717:
12716:
12713:
12704:
12695:
12694:
12689:
12685:
12676:
12675:
12669:
12665:
12660:
12654:
12650:
12649:
12645:
12644:
12636:
12632:
12628:
12625:
12624:
12619:
12615:
12612:
12610:
12606:
12602:
12599:Lynch, John.
12598:
12595:
12591:
12588:
12584:
12580:
12578:
12574:
12570:
12566:
12563:
12562:
12557:
12556:
12543:
12538:
12537:
12536:
12535:
12530:
12524:
12520:
12516:
12511:
12507:
12501:
12497:
12493:
12488:
12484:
12478:
12474:
12470:
12465:
12453:
12449:
12445:
12441:
12437:
12433:
12429:
12424:
12423:
12416:
12411:
12407:
12402:
12398:
12393:
12389:
12384:
12380:
12375:
12374:
12373:
12372:
12367:
12361:
12357:
12352:
12348:
12344:
12340:
12336:
12332:
12328:
12324:
12320:
12316:
12312:
12308:
12303:
12302:
12290:
12284:
12280:
12276:
12272:
12268:
12264:
12258:
12254:
12250:
12245:
12244:
12232:
12226:
12222:
12218:
12213:
12209:
12203:
12199:
12194:
12193:
12192:Simón Bolívar
12186:
12182:
12176:
12172:
12167:
12166:
12160:
12156:
12152:
12146:
12142:
12138:
12133:
12129:
12123:
12119:
12114:
12113:
12107:
12103:
12102:
12084:
12079:
12072:
12067:
12060:
12055:
12048:
12044:
12040:
12036:
12031:
12024:
12020:
12016:
12011:
12004:
11999:
11983:
11979:
11975:
11969:
11962:
11957:
11941:
11937:
11933:
11926:
11920:, p. 13.
11919:
11914:
11907:
11903:
11898:
11891:
11887:
11883:
11878:
11871:
11866:
11860:, p. 90.
11859:
11854:
11847:
11842:
11835:
11830:
11828:
11820:
11816:
11812:
11807:
11800:
11795:
11789:, p. 44.
11788:
11783:
11776:
11772:
11767:
11761:, p. 18.
11760:
11755:
11748:
11743:
11737:, p. 14.
11736:
11731:
11724:
11720:
11715:
11708:
11704:
11699:
11692:
11688:
11684:
11679:
11672:
11668:
11663:
11656:
11651:
11644:
11639:
11633:, p. 15.
11632:
11627:
11621:, p. 84.
11620:
11616:
11611:
11595:
11591:
11590:
11589:Time Magazine
11585:
11578:
11562:
11558:
11557:
11552:
11545:
11529:
11525:
11524:
11519:
11513:
11497:
11493:
11492:
11487:
11480:
11464:
11460:
11459:
11454:
11447:
11445:
11428:
11424:
11423:
11418:
11411:
11395:
11391:
11387:
11381:
11365:
11361:
11360:
11355:
11348:
11341:
11337:
11333:
11328:
11321:
11317:
11313:
11308:
11301:
11297:
11293:
11289:
11284:
11277:
11273:
11269:
11264:
11257:
11253:
11249:
11245:
11240:
11233:
11229:
11224:
11217:
11213:
11209:
11204:
11197:
11193:
11189:
11185:
11181:
11176:
11169:
11165:
11160:
11153:
11149:
11145:
11140:
11133:
11129:
11125:
11121:
11116:
11109:
11105:
11101:
11097:
11092:
11085:
11081:
11077:
11073:
11069:
11064:
11057:
11053:
11049:
11044:
11037:
11033:
11029:
11025:
11021:
11016:
11009:
11005:
11000:
10993:
10989:
10985:
10981:
10976:
10969:
10965:
10961:
10957:
10952:
10945:
10941:
10936:
10929:
10925:
10921:
10917:
10912:
10905:
10901:
10897:
10893:
10889:
10884:
10877:
10873:
10868:
10861:
10857:
10853:
10849:
10844:
10837:
10833:
10829:
10824:
10817:
10813:
10809:
10804:
10797:
10793:
10789:
10785:
10780:
10773:
10769:
10765:
10760:
10753:
10749:
10744:
10737:
10733:
10728:
10721:
10717:
10713:
10708:
10692:
10688:
10682:
10675:
10671:
10667:
10662:
10655:
10651:
10647:
10643:
10638:
10631:
10627:
10622:
10615:
10611:
10607:
10603:
10598:
10591:
10586:
10579:
10574:
10567:
10563:
10559:
10555:
10550:
10543:
10539:
10534:
10527:
10523:
10518:
10511:
10507:
10503:
10499:
10494:
10492:
10484:
10480:
10475:
10468:
10464:
10459:
10452:
10447:
10445:
10437:
10433:
10429:
10425:
10421:
10416:
10409:
10405:
10400:
10393:
10388:
10381:
10377:
10373:
10368:
10361:
10357:
10353:
10348:
10341:
10336:
10334:
10326:
10322:
10318:
10314:
10309:
10302:
10298:
10294:
10290:
10285:
10278:
10274:
10269:
10262:
10258:
10254:
10249:
10242:
10238:
10234:
10229:
10222:
10217:
10210:
10206:
10201:
10194:
10190:
10186:
10182:
10177:
10170:
10165:
10158:
10154:
10150:
10146:
10142:
10137:
10130:
10126:
10122:
10118:
10113:
10106:
10102:
10098:
10093:
10086:
10082:
10078:
10074:
10069:
10062:
10058:
10054:
10050:
10046:
10041:
10034:
10030:
10026:
10021:
10014:
10010:
10005:
9998:
9994:
9990:
9986:
9982:
9977:
9970:
9966:
9962:
9957:
9950:
9946:
9942:
9938:
9933:
9926:
9921:
9919:
9911:
9907:
9903:
9899:
9894:
9887:
9883:
9878:
9871:
9867:
9863:
9859:
9854:
9847:
9843:
9839:
9834:
9827:
9823:
9819:
9814:
9807:
9803:
9798:
9791:
9786:
9779:
9775:
9771:
9766:
9759:
9755:
9751:
9747:
9742:
9735:
9731:
9726:
9719:
9715:
9710:
9703:
9699:
9694:
9687:
9682:
9680:
9672:
9667:
9660:
9656:
9652:
9648:
9643:
9636:
9632:
9628:
9623:
9616:
9611:
9604:
9600:
9596:
9591:
9584:
9580:
9575:
9568:
9564:
9560:
9555:
9548:
9543:
9536:
9532:
9528:
9524:
9519:
9512:
9508:
9504:
9499:
9492:
9488:
9484:
9480:
9475:
9468:
9463:
9456:
9452:
9448:
9444:
9439:
9432:
9428:
9423:
9416:
9412:
9408:
9403:
9396:
9392:
9387:
9380:
9376:
9372:
9368:
9363:
9356:
9352:
9348:
9343:
9336:
9332:
9328:
9324:
9319:
9312:
9308:
9303:
9296:
9292:
9288:
9283:
9276:
9272:
9268:
9263:
9256:
9252:
9248:
9243:
9236:
9232:
9228:
9223:
9216:
9211:
9204:
9200:
9196:
9192:
9188:
9183:
9176:
9172:
9167:
9160:
9156:
9151:
9144:
9140:
9136:
9132:
9127:
9120:
9116:
9111:
9104:
9100:
9095:
9088:
9083:
9076:
9072:
9068:
9063:
9056:
9052:
9047:
9040:
9035:
9028:
9024:
9019:
9012:
9008:
9004:
9000:
8995:
8988:
8984:
8980:
8976:
8971:
8964:
8959:
8952:
8948:
8944:
8939:
8932:
8928:
8923:
8916:
8912:
8908:
8903:
8896:
8892:
8888:
8884:
8879:
8872:
8867:
8865:
8863:
8855:
8851:
8846:
8839:
8835:
8831:
8827:
8822:
8815:
8810:
8803:
8799:
8795:
8791:
8786:
8779:
8774:
8767:
8763:
8759:
8755:
8750:
8743:
8739:
8734:
8727:
8722:
8715:
8711:
8706:
8699:
8694:
8687:
8682:
8675:
8671:
8667:
8662:
8655:
8650:
8643:
8639:
8635:
8630:
8623:
8619:
8615:
8610:
8603:
8599:
8595:
8590:
8583:
8579:
8575:
8571:
8566:
8559:
8555:
8551:
8546:
8539:
8535:
8531:
8527:
8522:
8515:
8511:
8506:
8499:
8494:
8487:
8483:
8479:
8475:
8470:
8463:
8459:
8454:
8447:
8443:
8439:
8434:
8427:
8423:
8418:
8411:
8407:
8402:
8395:
8390:
8383:
8379:
8375:
8370:
8363:
8359:
8354:
8347:
8343:
8339:
8334:
8327:
8323:
8318:
8311:
8307:
8302:
8295:
8291:
8287:
8283:
8278:
8271:
8267:
8262:
8255:
8251:
8247:
8242:
8235:
8230:
8223:
8219:
8215:
8210:
8203:
8199:
8194:
8187:
8183:
8178:
8171:
8167:
8163:
8158:
8151:
8147:
8143:
8139:
8135:
8130:
8123:
8119:
8115:
8110:
8103:
8099:
8095:
8090:
8083:
8079:
8075:
8070:
8063:
8058:
8051:
8047:
8043:
8039:
8034:
8027:
8023:
8019:
8014:
8007:
8003:
7999:
7995:
7991:
7986:
7979:
7975:
7971:
7966:
7959:
7955:
7951:
7946:
7939:
7935:
7931:
7927:
7922:
7915:
7910:
7903:
7899:
7895:
7891:
7887:
7882:
7876:, p. 90.
7875:
7871:
7866:
7859:
7854:
7847:
7843:
7839:
7835:
7830:
7823:
7819:
7815:
7811:
7806:
7799:
7795:
7791:
7786:
7779:
7775:
7771:
7767:
7763:
7758:
7751:
7747:
7743:
7738:
7732:, p. 54.
7731:
7727:
7723:
7718:
7712:, p. 88.
7711:
7707:
7703:
7698:
7691:
7687:
7682:
7675:
7671:
7667:
7662:
7656:, p. 87.
7655:
7651:
7646:
7639:
7635:
7631:
7627:
7622:
7615:
7611:
7606:
7599:
7594:
7587:
7582:
7575:
7571:
7567:
7563:
7558:
7556:
7548:
7543:
7536:
7532:
7528:
7523:
7516:
7512:
7508:
7503:
7496:
7491:
7484:
7480:
7476:
7471:
7465:, p. 49.
7464:
7460:
7455:
7448:
7444:
7440:
7435:
7428:
7423:
7416:
7412:
7408:
7403:
7396:
7391:
7384:
7379:
7372:
7367:
7361:, p. 77.
7360:
7355:
7348:
7344:
7340:
7336:
7331:
7325:, p. 79.
7324:
7320:
7315:
7308:
7303:
7297:, p. 84.
7296:
7292:
7287:
7280:
7275:
7268:
7264:
7260:
7256:
7251:
7244:
7239:
7232:
7228:
7224:
7220:
7216:
7211:
7205:, p. 75.
7204:
7199:
7192:
7188:
7184:
7180:
7175:
7168:
7164:
7160:
7155:
7149:, p. 70.
7148:
7144:
7139:
7132:
7128:
7124:
7119:
7112:
7108:
7104:
7100:
7095:
7088:
7084:
7080:
7075:
7068:
7063:
7056:
7052:
7048:
7044:
7039:
7032:
7028:
7023:
7016:
7012:
7007:
7000:
6996:
6992:
6987:
6980:
6976:
6972:
6968:
6963:
6956:
6952:
6947:
6941:, p. 38.
6940:
6936:
6931:
6924:
6920:
6916:
6911:
6904:
6900:
6896:
6892:
6887:
6880:
6876:
6871:
6864:
6860:
6856:
6851:
6844:
6840:
6836:
6831:
6824:
6820:
6816:
6811:
6804:
6800:
6796:
6791:
6784:
6780:
6776:
6771:
6764:
6760:
6755:
6748:
6744:
6740:
6735:
6729:, p. 93.
6728:
6723:
6721:
6719:
6712:, p. 57.
6711:
6706:
6699:
6695:
6691:
6687:
6682:
6675:
6670:
6664:, p. 96.
6663:
6658:
6651:
6647:
6643:
6639:
6634:
6627:
6622:
6615:
6610:
6603:
6599:
6594:
6587:
6583:
6578:
6571:
6567:
6563:
6559:
6554:
6547:
6543:
6539:
6535:
6531:
6526:
6520:, p. 91.
6519:
6514:
6507:
6503:
6498:
6491:
6487:
6482:
6475:
6470:
6464:, p. 56.
6463:
6458:
6451:
6446:
6439:
6435:
6431:
6426:
6419:
6415:
6411:
6407:
6403:
6398:
6391:
6386:
6380:, p. 46.
6379:
6375:
6370:
6364:, p. 97.
6363:
6359:
6354:
6347:
6342:
6336:, p. 31.
6335:
6331:
6326:
6320:, p. 31.
6319:
6315:
6310:
6304:, p. 87.
6303:
6298:
6292:, p. 31.
6291:
6287:
6282:
6276:, p. 42.
6275:
6270:
6264:, p. 32.
6263:
6258:
6252:, p. 85.
6251:
6246:
6240:, p. 54.
6239:
6234:
6228:, p. 95.
6227:
6222:
6215:
6211:
6207:
6202:
6195:
6191:
6187:
6182:
6176:, p. 95.
6175:
6171:
6167:
6162:
6156:, p. 95.
6155:
6151:
6147:
6142:
6136:, p. 95.
6135:
6131:
6126:
6119:
6115:
6111:
6106:
6099:
6095:
6091:
6086:
6079:
6075:
6071:
6066:
6060:, p. 92.
6059:
6055:
6050:
6043:
6039:
6035:
6031:
6027:
6022:
6016:, p. 38.
6015:
6010:
6004:, p. 87.
6003:
5999:
5995:
5990:
5984:, p. 48.
5983:
5979:
5974:
5968:, p. 85.
5967:
5962:
5956:, p. 86.
5955:
5951:
5946:
5939:
5935:
5931:
5926:
5920:, p. 84.
5919:
5915:
5910:
5903:
5899:
5895:
5890:
5883:
5879:
5875:
5870:
5864:, p. 81.
5863:
5859:
5855:
5850:
5843:
5839:
5834:
5827:
5823:
5818:
5812:, p. 79.
5811:
5807:
5803:
5798:
5791:
5787:
5783:
5779:
5774:
5767:
5763:
5758:
5752:, p. 80.
5751:
5747:
5743:
5738:
5732:, p. 77.
5731:
5727:
5722:
5716:, p. 18.
5715:
5710:
5704:, p. 72.
5703:
5699:
5695:
5690:
5684:, p. 71.
5683:
5679:
5674:
5668:, p. 70.
5667:
5663:
5659:
5655:
5650:
5644:, p. 27.
5643:
5638:
5631:
5627:
5623:
5618:
5611:
5607:
5602:
5596:, p. 63.
5595:
5591:
5587:
5583:
5578:
5572:, p. 62.
5571:
5567:
5562:
5555:
5551:
5547:
5543:
5538:
5532:, p. 61.
5531:
5527:
5523:
5518:
5511:
5507:
5506:Bushnell 2003
5502:
5495:
5491:
5487:
5483:
5479:
5474:
5467:
5463:
5458:
5452:, p. 52.
5451:
5447:
5442:
5436:, p. 15.
5435:
5431:
5426:
5420:, p. 52.
5419:
5414:
5407:
5403:
5399:
5395:
5391:
5386:
5380:, p. 51.
5379:
5375:
5371:
5366:
5360:, p. 51.
5359:
5354:
5347:
5343:
5339:
5335:
5331:
5326:
5319:
5315:
5311:
5306:
5300:, p. 48.
5299:
5294:
5288:, p. 48.
5287:
5283:
5278:
5272:, p. 20.
5271:
5267:
5263:
5258:
5252:, p. 47.
5251:
5247:
5242:
5236:, p. 18.
5235:
5230:
5224:, p. 47.
5223:
5219:
5214:
5208:, p. 20.
5207:
5202:
5200:
5198:
5190:
5186:
5182:
5177:
5171:, p. 13.
5170:
5166:
5162:
5157:
5151:, p. 46.
5150:
5146:
5142:
5137:
5131:, p. 46.
5130:
5126:
5121:
5115:, p. 44.
5114:
5110:
5106:
5101:
5094:
5089:
5082:
5077:
5071:, p. 44.
5070:
5065:
5059:, p. 44.
5058:
5054:
5050:
5046:
5041:
5035:, p. 43.
5034:
5030:
5026:
5021:
5015:, p. 43.
5014:
5010:
5005:
4999:, p. 18.
4998:
4994:
4989:
4983:, p. 37.
4982:
4977:
4971:, p. 38.
4970:
4966:
4962:
4957:
4951:, p. 42.
4950:
4946:
4941:
4935:, p. 37.
4934:
4930:
4925:
4919:, p. 37.
4918:
4914:
4910:
4906:
4901:
4894:
4890:
4886:
4881:
4874:
4870:
4866:
4861:
4859:
4852:, p. 34.
4851:
4847:
4842:
4836:, p. 33.
4835:
4831:
4827:
4822:
4816:, p. 32.
4815:
4810:
4804:, p. 32.
4803:
4799:
4795:
4791:
4786:
4780:, p. 32.
4779:
4775:
4770:
4763:
4760:, p. 9;
4759:
4755:
4750:
4744:, p. 22.
4743:
4740:, p. 9;
4739:
4735:
4730:
4724:, p. 25.
4723:
4720:, p. 9;
4719:
4714:
4708:, p. 17.
4707:
4702:
4696:, p. 25.
4695:
4691:
4686:
4680:, p. 13.
4679:
4674:
4672:
4665:, p. 24.
4664:
4660:
4656:
4651:
4645:, p. 25.
4644:
4639:
4637:
4630:, p. 24.
4629:
4626:, p. 9;
4625:
4621:
4616:
4609:
4605:
4600:
4593:
4589:
4585:
4581:
4576:
4569:
4564:
4558:, p. 11.
4557:
4552:
4546:, p. 18.
4545:
4542:, p. 9;
4541:
4537:
4532:
4526:, p. 18.
4525:
4522:, p. 9;
4521:
4516:
4510:, p. 21.
4509:
4505:
4501:
4496:
4489:
4484:
4477:
4474:, p. 4;
4473:
4469:
4464:
4457:
4453:
4449:
4444:
4437:
4433:
4429:
4424:
4417:
4412:
4405:
4402:, p. 4;
4401:
4398:, p. 2;
4397:
4393:
4389:
4384:
4368:
4364:
4360:
4359:
4354:
4348:
4332:
4328:
4327:HarperCollins
4324:
4323:
4318:
4312:
4296:
4292:
4288:
4282:
4266:
4262:
4256:
4252:
4236:
4227:
4219:
4214:
4207:
4201:
4193:
4192:
4183:
4153:
4146:
4145:
4135:
4092:
4082:
4075:
4070:
4066:
4056:
4053:
4051:
4048:
4046:
4043:
4042:
4036:
4034:
4028:
4023:
4022:stole a sword
4019:
4015:
4011:
4007:
4003:
3999:
3993:
3991:
3987:
3983:
3979:
3975:
3971:
3965:
3963:
3956:
3945:
3943:
3937:
3935:
3931:
3927:
3923:
3919:
3915:
3911:
3907:
3903:
3899:
3895:
3883:
3878:
3876:
3871:
3869:
3864:
3863:
3861:
3860:
3857:
3852:
3847:
3846:
3839:
3836:
3834:
3831:
3829:
3826:
3824:
3823:
3819:
3817:
3814:
3812:
3809:
3807:
3804:
3802:
3799:
3797:
3794:
3792:
3789:
3787:
3784:
3782:
3779:
3777:
3774:
3772:
3769:
3767:
3764:
3763:
3757:
3756:
3749:
3748:United States
3746:
3742:
3739:
3737:
3734:
3733:
3732:
3729:
3727:
3724:
3722:
3719:
3717:
3714:
3712:
3709:
3707:
3704:
3702:
3699:
3697:
3694:
3692:
3689:
3687:
3684:
3682:
3679:
3677:
3674:
3672:
3669:
3667:
3664:
3662:
3659:
3658:
3652:
3651:
3644:
3641:
3639:
3636:
3634:
3631:
3629:
3626:
3624:
3623:Metapolitefsi
3621:
3619:
3616:
3614:
3611:
3609:
3606:
3604:
3601:
3599:
3596:
3594:
3591:
3589:
3586:
3584:
3581:
3579:
3576:
3574:
3571:
3569:
3566:
3564:
3561:
3559:
3556:
3554:
3551:
3549:
3546:
3544:
3541:
3539:
3536:
3534:
3531:
3529:
3526:
3524:
3521:
3519:
3516:
3514:
3511:
3509:
3506:
3504:
3501:
3499:
3496:
3494:
3491:
3489:
3487:
3482:
3480:
3477:
3476:
3470:
3469:
3459:
3458:
3457:On Revolution
3454:
3449:
3448:
3444:
3439:
3438:
3434:
3429:
3428:
3427:Rights of Man
3424:
3419:
3418:
3414:
3409:
3408:
3404:
3399:
3398:
3394:
3389:
3388:
3384:
3379:
3378:
3374:
3369:
3368:
3364:
3359:
3358:
3354:
3349:
3348:
3344:
3339:
3338:
3337:De re publica
3334:
3329:
3328:
3324:
3323:
3317:
3316:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3301:
3299:
3296:
3294:
3291:
3289:
3286:
3284:
3281:
3279:
3276:
3274:
3271:
3269:
3266:
3264:
3261:
3259:
3256:
3254:
3251:
3249:
3246:
3244:
3241:
3239:
3236:
3234:
3231:
3229:
3226:
3224:
3221:
3219:
3216:
3214:
3211:
3209:
3206:
3204:
3201:
3199:
3196:
3194:
3191:
3189:
3186:
3184:
3181:
3179:
3176:
3174:
3171:
3169:
3166:
3164:
3161:
3159:
3156:
3154:
3151:
3149:
3146:
3144:
3143:Jones (Lynne)
3141:
3139:
3136:
3134:
3131:
3129:
3126:
3124:
3121:
3119:
3116:
3114:
3111:
3109:
3106:
3104:
3101:
3099:
3096:
3094:
3091:
3089:
3086:
3084:
3081:
3079:
3076:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3046:
3044:
3041:
3039:
3036:
3034:
3031:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2971:
2969:
2966:
2964:
2961:
2959:
2956:
2954:
2951:
2949:
2946:
2944:
2941:
2939:
2938:Adams (Gerry)
2936:
2935:
2929:
2928:
2921:
2918:
2916:
2913:
2911:
2908:
2906:
2903:
2901:
2898:
2896:
2893:
2891:
2888:
2886:
2883:
2881:
2878:
2876:
2873:
2871:
2868:
2866:
2863:
2861:
2858:
2856:
2853:
2851:
2848:
2846:
2843:
2841:
2838:
2836:
2833:
2831:
2828:
2826:
2823:
2821:
2818:
2816:
2813:
2811:
2808:
2806:
2803:
2801:
2798:
2796:
2793:
2791:
2788:
2786:
2783:
2781:
2778:
2776:
2773:
2771:
2768:
2767:
2761:
2760:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2745:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2737:Revolutionary
2735:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2727:Parliamentary
2725:
2723:
2720:
2718:
2715:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2700:
2698:
2695:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2685:
2684:
2678:
2677:
2670:
2667:
2665:
2662:
2660:
2657:
2655:
2652:
2650:
2647:
2645:
2642:
2640:
2637:
2635:
2632:
2631:
2625:
2624:
2617:
2614:
2612:
2609:
2607:
2604:
2602:
2599:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2589:
2587:
2584:
2582:
2579:
2577:
2574:
2572:
2569:
2567:
2564:
2562:
2559:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2549:
2547:
2544:
2542:
2539:
2537:
2536:Civil society
2534:
2532:
2529:
2527:
2524:
2523:
2517:
2516:
2513:
2512:Republicanism
2510:
2509:
2506:
2502:
2501:
2493:
2491:
2487:
2484:
2479:
2475:
2470:
2468:
2465:
2461:
2454:
2449:
2444:
2442:
2438:
2434:
2425:
2420:
2411:
2409:
2403:
2398:
2394:
2390:
2386:
2381:
2379:
2375:
2371:
2367:
2363:
2359:
2355:
2349:
2347:
2343:
2339:
2335:
2331:
2323:
2318:
2314:
2312:
2308:
2304:
2299:
2294:
2292:
2287:
2281:
2276:
2266:
2264:
2260:
2259:
2254:
2250:
2246:
2240:
2235:
2229:
2227:
2223:
2219:
2215:
2211:
2207:
2203:
2199:
2195:
2191:
2187:
2178:
2173:
2169:
2167:
2163:
2159:
2153:
2148:
2147:the surrender
2145:and accepted
2144:
2138:
2136:
2132:
2128:
2124:
2118:
2113:
2109:
2105:
2100:
2097:
2091:
2089:
2085:
2081:
2077:
2073:
2068:
2062:
2057:
2054:
2048:
2046:
2042:
2041:Manuela Sáenz
2038:
2030:
2029:Manuela Sáenz
2025:
2021:
2017:
2012:
2008:
2003:
1999:
1995:
1991:
1987:
1983:
1979:
1975:
1965:
1963:
1959:
1954:
1952:
1946:
1941:
1937:
1933:
1927:
1922:
1918:
1913:
1907:
1902:
1897:
1892:
1890:
1886:
1882:
1877:
1875:
1871:
1867:
1863:
1859:
1858:Eastern Range
1855:
1850:
1848:
1844:
1839:
1833:
1828:
1823:
1819:
1803:
1798:
1793:
1784:
1779:
1774:
1770:
1764:
1759:
1755:
1751:
1747:
1746:Orinoco River
1743:
1738:
1736:
1732:
1728:
1724:
1720:
1716:
1712:
1706:
1704:
1700:
1696:
1692:
1688:
1682:
1680:
1676:
1672:
1668:
1664:
1660:
1654:
1652:
1648:
1644:
1640:
1636:
1632:
1628:
1624:
1616:
1611:
1602:
1598:
1593:
1589:
1585:
1584:Pablo Morillo
1581:
1575:
1570:
1566:
1562:
1558:
1553:
1551:
1547:
1543:
1539:
1535:
1530:
1528:
1524:
1520:
1516:
1515:
1510:
1506:
1502:
1498:
1494:
1487:
1483:
1478:
1474:
1472:
1468:
1467:El Libertador
1464:
1460:
1456:
1452:
1446:
1444:
1440:
1436:
1432:
1428:
1423:
1421:
1417:
1411:
1406:
1402:
1398:
1394:
1390:
1386:
1382:
1376:
1371:
1365:
1360:
1350:
1346:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1332:
1327:
1321:
1319:
1313:
1308:
1301:
1280:
1275:
1270:
1266:
1260:
1255:
1249:
1244:
1240:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1223:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1194:
1189:
1180:
1178:
1174:
1173:his residence
1170:
1166:
1160:
1158:
1152:
1147:
1143:
1142:Great Britain
1139:
1135:
1130:
1126:
1121:
1119:
1115:
1114:Juan de Casas
1111:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1094:
1090:
1085:
1081:
1080:United States
1077:
1073:
1072:New York City
1069:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1038:
1034:
1029:
1024:
1014:
1012:
1008:
1004:
1000:
999:Pope Pius VII
996:
992:
988:
984:
980:
979:King of Italy
976:
972:
968:
964:
960:
954:
948:
939:
937:
933:
932:Aimé Bonpland
929:
925:
921:
917:
913:
907:
902:
898:
894:
888:
883:
877:
875:
871:
867:
863:
862:San Ildefonso
855:
850:
841:
839:
835:
831:
827:
823:
819:
815:
811:
806:
804:
800:
796:
792:
788:
787:
786:San Ildefonso
778:
774:
770:
768:
764:
760:
754:
749:
745:
739:
734:
730:
724:
722:
716:
711:
707:
701:
696:
692:
682:
678:
673:
666:
661:
657:
651:
646:
643:(born 1779),
640:
635:
632:(born 1777),
629:
624:
623:María Antonia
620:
614:
609:
605:
600:
598:
597:
592:
588:
587:Basque region
583:
577:
572:
566:
561:
557:
553:
543:
540:
536:
530:
528:
527:Gran Colombia
524:
519:
515:
511:
507:
503:
499:
495:
491:
487:
483:
479:
475:
470:
468:
464:
460:
456:
452:
448:
444:
440:
436:
432:
428:
424:
419:
417:
413:
412:El Libertador
409:
405:
401:
397:
393:
389:
385:
373:
364:
360:
356:
352:
349:
348:Manuela Sáenz
346:
342:
323:
318:
314:
307:
304:
301:
298:
297:
295:
291:
288:
285:
283:Resting place
281:
275:
274:Gran Colombia
271:
262:
258:
254:
250:
238:
234:
229:
225:
222:
219:
213:
210:
207:
201:
195:
190:
187:
182:
179:
176:
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167:
164:
158:
152:
147:
144:
140:
137:
134:
128:
125:
122:
116:
110:
105:
102:
97:
93:
86:
81:
77:Simón Bolívar
74:
71:
67:
60:
59:
54:
53:
48:
44:
37:
33:
19:
18:Simón Bolivar
16021:
16004:
15992:from Commons
15987:
15966:
15709:Institutions
15503:Lucas Alamán
15492:
15485:
15231:Billinghurst
14971:Luna Pizarro
14940:
14911:Luna Pizarro
14806:2020–present
14789:Jeanine Áñez
14308:Germán Busch
14113:Aniceto Arce
13811:
13736:Álvaro Uribe
13606:Rafael Reyes
13586:Rafael Núñez
13568:Rafael Núñez
13553:Rafael Núñez
13368:
13146:
13138:
13130:
13122:
13114:
13106:
13098:
13079:
12901:
12893:James Monroe
12889:
12881:Andrés Bello
12861:
12835:
12798:
12790:
12764:
12741:
12691:
12672:
12667:
12652:
12647:
12630:
12621:
12600:
12593:
12586:
12568:
12559:
12514:
12491:
12468:
12456:. Retrieved
12435:
12431:
12355:
12310:
12306:
12274:
12248:
12216:
12191:
12164:
12136:
12111:
12106:Arana, Marie
12093:Bibliography
12078:
12066:
12059:Langley 2009
12054:
12043:Langley 2009
12030:
12019:Langley 2009
12010:
11998:
11986:. Retrieved
11968:
11956:
11944:. Retrieved
11925:
11913:
11897:
11886:Langley 2009
11877:
11872:, p. 1.
11865:
11853:
11841:
11836:, p. 2.
11806:
11794:
11787:Langley 2009
11782:
11771:Collier 2008
11766:
11759:Collier 2008
11754:
11747:Collier 2008
11742:
11735:Collier 2008
11730:
11723:Safford 2008
11714:
11698:
11683:Collier 2008
11678:
11662:
11650:
11638:
11631:Collier 2008
11626:
11615:Collier 2008
11610:
11598:. Retrieved
11587:
11577:
11565:. Retrieved
11561:the original
11554:
11544:
11532:. Retrieved
11521:
11512:
11500:. Retrieved
11489:
11479:
11467:. Retrieved
11458:The Guardian
11456:
11431:. Retrieved
11420:
11410:
11398:. Retrieved
11394:the original
11380:
11368:. Retrieved
11357:
11347:
11327:
11307:
11283:
11263:
11239:
11223:
11203:
11192:Langley 2009
11175:
11159:
11139:
11115:
11104:Langley 2009
11091:
11080:Langley 2009
11063:
11043:
11032:Langley 2009
11015:
10999:
10975:
10951:
10935:
10924:Langley 2009
10911:
10900:Langley 2009
10883:
10867:
10843:
10823:
10803:
10779:
10759:
10743:
10727:
10707:
10695:. Retrieved
10690:
10681:
10661:
10637:
10621:
10597:
10585:
10573:
10549:
10533:
10517:
10474:
10458:
10432:Langley 2009
10415:
10399:
10387:
10367:
10347:
10321:Langley 2009
10308:
10297:Langley 2009
10284:
10268:
10248:
10228:
10216:
10200:
10176:
10164:
10153:Langley 2009
10136:
10129:Langley 2009
10112:
10092:
10068:
10057:Langley 2009
10040:
10020:
10004:
9993:Langley 2009
9976:
9956:
9932:
9893:
9877:
9853:
9842:Langley 2009
9833:
9813:
9797:
9785:
9765:
9741:
9725:
9709:
9693:
9666:
9642:
9622:
9610:
9590:
9574:
9554:
9542:
9518:
9498:
9474:
9462:
9438:
9422:
9402:
9386:
9362:
9342:
9318:
9302:
9282:
9262:
9242:
9222:
9210:
9199:Langley 2009
9182:
9166:
9150:
9126:
9110:
9094:
9082:
9071:Langley 2009
9062:
9046:
9034:
9018:
8994:
8970:
8958:
8938:
8922:
8902:
8878:
8845:
8821:
8809:
8785:
8773:
8749:
8733:
8721:
8705:
8693:
8681:
8661:
8649:
8629:
8609:
8589:
8565:
8545:
8521:
8505:
8493:
8469:
8453:
8433:
8417:
8401:
8389:
8369:
8353:
8333:
8317:
8301:
8277:
8261:
8241:
8229:
8209:
8193:
8177:
8166:Langley 2009
8157:
8146:Langley 2009
8129:
8109:
8089:
8069:
8057:
8033:
8013:
8002:Langley 2009
7985:
7974:Langley 2009
7965:
7945:
7921:
7909:
7898:Langley 2009
7881:
7865:
7853:
7829:
7818:Langley 2009
7805:
7785:
7774:Langley 2009
7757:
7737:
7730:Langley 2009
7717:
7697:
7681:
7661:
7645:
7621:
7605:
7593:
7581:
7542:
7531:Langley 2009
7522:
7502:
7490:
7479:Langley 2009
7470:
7463:Langley 2009
7454:
7443:Langley 2009
7434:
7422:
7402:
7390:
7378:
7366:
7354:
7330:
7314:
7302:
7286:
7274:
7250:
7238:
7227:Langley 2009
7210:
7198:
7174:
7154:
7138:
7118:
7094:
7074:
7062:
7038:
7022:
7006:
6995:Langley 2009
6986:
6962:
6946:
6939:Langley 2009
6930:
6910:
6886:
6870:
6850:
6830:
6810:
6790:
6770:
6754:
6734:
6705:
6681:
6669:
6657:
6646:Langley 2009
6633:
6621:
6616:, p. 1.
6609:
6593:
6577:
6553:
6542:Langley 2009
6538:Langley 2009
6525:
6513:
6497:
6481:
6469:
6457:
6445:
6425:
6414:Langley 2009
6397:
6385:
6369:
6353:
6341:
6334:Langley 2009
6325:
6318:Langley 2009
6309:
6297:
6290:Langley 2009
6281:
6269:
6262:Langley 2009
6257:
6245:
6233:
6221:
6201:
6181:
6161:
6150:Langley 2009
6141:
6125:
6114:Langley 2009
6105:
6085:
6065:
6049:
6038:Langley 2009
6021:
6009:
5989:
5973:
5961:
5945:
5925:
5909:
5889:
5869:
5849:
5833:
5817:
5797:
5773:
5757:
5737:
5721:
5714:Langley 2009
5709:
5689:
5673:
5649:
5637:
5617:
5601:
5577:
5561:
5537:
5517:
5512:, p. 4.
5501:
5490:Langley 2009
5473:
5457:
5441:
5434:Langley 2009
5425:
5413:
5402:Langley 2009
5385:
5365:
5353:
5342:Langley 2009
5325:
5305:
5293:
5277:
5257:
5241:
5229:
5213:
5176:
5169:Langley 2009
5156:
5136:
5120:
5109:Langley 2009
5100:
5088:
5076:
5064:
5053:Langley 2009
5040:
5020:
5004:
4988:
4976:
4956:
4940:
4924:
4900:
4880:
4841:
4821:
4809:
4785:
4769:
4758:Langley 2009
4749:
4738:Langley 2009
4729:
4718:Langley 2009
4713:
4701:
4685:
4650:
4624:Langley 2009
4615:
4608:Langley 2009
4599:
4575:
4563:
4551:
4540:Langley 2009
4531:
4520:Langley 2009
4515:
4504:Langley 2009
4495:
4490:, p. 7.
4483:
4472:Langley 2009
4463:
4458:, p. 4.
4456:Langley 2009
4443:
4423:
4418:, p. 4.
4416:Langley 2009
4411:
4400:Langley 2009
4383:
4371:. Retrieved
4367:the original
4356:
4347:
4335:. Retrieved
4331:the original
4320:
4311:
4299:. Retrieved
4290:
4281:
4269:. Retrieved
4255:
4235:
4226:
4212:
4091:
4081:
4069:
4045:Libertadores
4006:Conservative
3994:
3988:created the
3967:
3961:
3958:
3953:
3938:
3891:
3820:
3455:
3445:
3435:
3425:
3415:
3405:
3395:
3385:
3375:
3365:
3355:
3345:
3335:
3325:
3138:Jones (Elin)
3043:Flynn (Paul)
3003:Clarke (Tom)
2998:Clark (Katy)
2977:
2943:Adams (John)
2764:Philosophers
2541:Civic virtue
2503:Part of the
2471:
2445:
2441:tuberculosis
2433:Barranquilla
2429:
2393:aide-de-camp
2391:, Bolívar's
2382:
2350:
2327:
2295:
2282:
2278:
2256:
2230:
2224:against the
2182:
2139:
2123:Junín region
2101:
2092:
2049:
2034:
2027:Portrait of
1971:
1955:
1921:two treaties
1893:
1878:
1854:Tame, Arauca
1851:
1815:
1739:
1735:firing squad
1707:
1683:
1655:
1620:
1554:
1531:
1512:
1490:
1480:Portrait of
1466:
1447:
1441:the city of
1431:an offensive
1424:
1356:
1347:
1343:its fortress
1323:
1316:, quoted by
1303:
1283:
1224:
1197:
1161:
1122:
1095:
1068:Philadelphia
1041:
1031:Portrait of
973:and then to
956:
950:
942:
901:Rue Vivienne
880:Bolívar and
878:
870:yellow fever
861:
859:
810:Manuel Godoy
807:
793:, bound for
785:
782:
729:Andrés Bello
725:
688:
656:house slaves
645:Juan Vicente
601:
594:
549:
535:tuberculosis
531:
471:
447:yellow fever
441:and married
420:
415:
411:
371:
370:
302:(until 1810)
265:(1830-12-17)
246:24 July 1783
216:Succeeded by
208:
193:
173:Succeeded by
150:
131:Succeeded by
108:
70:
56:
50:
43:Spanish name
16052:1830 deaths
16047:1783 births
15619:Petrocaribe
15316:Pérez Godoy
15261:Elías Arias
15216:S. Calderón
14926:Riva Agüero
14776:Evo Morales
14750:Carlos Mesa
14711:Hugo Banzer
14555:Juan Pereda
14542:Hugo Banzer
14373:Tomás Monje
14061:Tomás Frías
14035:Tomás Frías
13854:(1828–1829)
13823:(1825–1828)
13143:(2013 film)
13135:(2003 film)
13127:(2002 film)
13119:(1980 film)
13111:(1969 film)
13103:(1942 film)
12949:(1819–20),
12945:(1815–16),
12842: [
12827: [
12816: [
12805: [
12782: [
12771: [
12253:Verso Books
12159:Lynch, John
11719:Racine 2008
11691:Racine 2008
11655:Racine 2008
11619:Jaksic 2008
11433:12 November
4301:14 February
4025: [
3998:Hugo Chávez
3922:Montesquieu
3771:Common good
3711:New Zealand
3706:Netherlands
3451:(1835–1840)
3421:(1787–1788)
3331:(c. 375 BC)
3253:Robespierre
3028:Etherington
2963:Benn (Tony)
2932:Politicians
2910:Tocqueville
2870:Montesquieu
2850:Machiavelli
2596:Rule of law
2591:Res publica
2478:Hugo Chávez
2451: [
2400: [
2311:Bucaramanga
2237: [
2150: [
2115: [
2059: [
2014: [
1943: [
1924: [
1904: [
1830: [
1811: 1826
1800: [
1776: [
1761: [
1595: [
1588:Santa Marta
1572: [
1550:Manuel Piar
1473:on 23 May.
1408: [
1373: [
1362: [
1310: [
1272: [
1257: [
1246: [
1149: [
1087: [
904: [
885: [
826:summer home
763:Maria Luisa
751: [
736: [
713: [
698: [
675: [
663: [
648: [
637: [
626: [
611: [
574: [
563: [
480:, fighting
293:Nationality
270:Santa Marta
204:Preceded by
161:Preceded by
119:Preceded by
16036:Categories
16006:Quotations
14991:Santa Cruz
14946:Santa Cruz
14906:San Martín
14891:Presidents
14295:David Toro
13746:Iván Duque
13159:Sculptures
13073:Literature
12678:1819–1830
12668:New office
12653:Libertador
12614:Marx, Karl
12047:Arana 2013
12039:Lynch 2006
12023:Arana 2013
12015:Lynch 2006
12003:Arana 2013
11961:Lynch 2006
11906:Arana 2013
11890:Arana 2013
11846:Arana 2013
11819:Arana 2013
11815:Lynch 2006
11811:Masur 1969
11799:Lynch 2006
11775:Ewell 2008
11707:Lynch 2006
11703:Masur 1969
11687:Ewell 2008
11671:Lynch 2006
11667:Masur 1969
11643:Lynch 2006
11340:Arana 2013
11336:Lynch 2006
11320:Arana 2013
11316:Lynch 2006
11312:Masur 1969
11300:Arana 2013
11296:Lynch 2006
11288:Masur 1969
11276:Arana 2013
11272:Lynch 2006
11268:Masur 1969
11256:Arana 2013
11252:Lynch 2006
11244:Masur 1969
11232:Arana 2013
11228:Lynch 2006
11216:Arana 2013
11212:Lynch 2006
11196:Arana 2013
11188:Lynch 2006
11180:Masur 1969
11168:Arana 2013
11164:Lynch 2006
11152:Arana 2013
11148:Lynch 2006
11132:Arana 2013
11128:Lynch 2006
11120:Masur 1969
11108:Arana 2013
11100:Lynch 2006
11096:Masur 1969
11084:Arana 2013
11076:Lynch 2006
11068:Masur 1969
11056:Arana 2013
11052:Lynch 2006
11036:Arana 2013
11028:Lynch 2006
11020:Masur 1969
11008:Lynch 2006
10992:Arana 2013
10988:Lynch 2006
10980:Masur 1969
10968:Arana 2013
10964:Lynch 2006
10956:Masur 1969
10940:Masur 1969
10928:Arana 2013
10920:Lynch 2006
10916:Masur 1969
10904:Arana 2013
10896:Lynch 2006
10888:Masur 1969
10876:Arana 2013
10860:Arana 2013
10856:Lynch 2006
10848:Masur 1969
10836:Arana 2013
10832:Lynch 2006
10828:Masur 1969
10816:Arana 2013
10808:Masur 1969
10796:Arana 2013
10792:Lynch 2006
10784:Masur 1969
10772:Arana 2013
10768:Lynch 2006
10764:Masur 1969
10748:Masur 1969
10736:Arana 2013
10732:Lynch 2006
10720:Lynch 2006
10712:Masur 1969
10697:4 February
10674:Lynch 2006
10666:Masur 1969
10654:Arana 2013
10650:Lynch 2006
10642:Masur 1969
10630:Arana 2013
10626:Lynch 2006
10614:Arana 2013
10610:Lynch 2006
10602:Masur 1969
10566:Arana 2013
10562:Lynch 2006
10554:Masur 1969
10542:Arana 2013
10526:Lynch 2006
10510:Arana 2013
10506:Lynch 2006
10498:Masur 1969
10483:Arana 2013
10479:Masur 1969
10463:Masur 1969
10436:Arana 2013
10428:Lynch 2006
10420:Masur 1969
10408:Lynch 2006
10404:Masur 1969
10392:Lynch 2006
10380:Arana 2013
10376:Lynch 2006
10372:Masur 1969
10360:Lynch 2006
10352:Masur 1969
10325:Arana 2013
10317:Lynch 2006
10301:Arana 2013
10293:Lynch 2006
10277:Lynch 2006
10273:Masur 1969
10261:Arana 2013
10253:Masur 1969
10241:Lynch 2006
10233:Masur 1969
10209:Arana 2013
10193:Arana 2013
10189:Lynch 2006
10181:Masur 1969
10157:Arana 2013
10149:Lynch 2006
10141:Masur 1969
10125:Lynch 2006
10117:Masur 1969
10105:Arana 2013
10097:Masur 1969
10085:Arana 2013
10081:Lynch 2006
10073:Masur 1969
10061:Arana 2013
10053:Lynch 2006
10045:Masur 1969
10033:Arana 2013
10029:Lynch 2006
10025:Masur 1969
10009:Masur 1969
9997:Arana 2013
9989:Lynch 2006
9981:Masur 1969
9969:Arana 2013
9965:Lynch 2006
9961:Masur 1969
9949:Arana 2013
9945:Lynch 2006
9937:Masur 1969
9910:Arana 2013
9906:Lynch 2006
9898:Masur 1969
9886:Lynch 2006
9882:Masur 1969
9870:Arana 2013
9866:Lynch 2006
9858:Masur 1969
9846:Arana 2013
9826:Lynch 2006
9818:Masur 1969
9806:Lynch 2006
9802:Masur 1969
9790:Lynch 2006
9778:Lynch 2006
9770:Masur 1969
9758:Arana 2013
9754:Lynch 2006
9746:Masur 1969
9734:Arana 2013
9718:Arana 2013
9714:Lynch 2006
9702:Arana 2013
9659:Arana 2013
9655:Lynch 2006
9647:Masur 1969
9635:Arana 2013
9627:Masur 1969
9603:Lynch 2006
9595:Masur 1969
9579:Masur 1969
9567:Arana 2013
9563:Lynch 2006
9535:Arana 2013
9531:Lynch 2006
9523:Masur 1969
9511:Arana 2013
9503:Masur 1969
9491:Arana 2013
9487:Lynch 2006
9479:Masur 1969
9455:Arana 2013
9451:Lynch 2006
9443:Masur 1969
9431:Lynch 2006
9415:Arana 2013
9407:Masur 1969
9395:Arana 2013
9391:Masur 1969
9379:Arana 2013
9375:Lynch 2006
9367:Masur 1969
9355:Arana 2013
9347:Masur 1969
9335:Arana 2013
9331:Lynch 2006
9323:Masur 1969
9311:Lynch 2006
9295:Arana 2013
9291:Lynch 2006
9287:Masur 1969
9275:Arana 2013
9271:Lynch 2006
9267:Masur 1969
9255:Lynch 2006
9247:Masur 1969
9235:Arana 2013
9231:Lynch 2006
9203:Arana 2013
9195:Lynch 2006
9187:Masur 1969
9175:Arana 2013
9171:Lynch 2006
9155:Masur 1969
9143:Arana 2013
9139:Lynch 2006
9131:Masur 1969
9119:Arana 2013
9103:Arana 2013
9099:Lynch 2006
9075:Arana 2013
9067:Lynch 2006
9055:Lynch 2006
9027:Lynch 2006
9011:Arana 2013
9007:Lynch 2006
8999:Masur 1969
8987:Arana 2013
8983:Lynch 2006
8975:Masur 1969
8963:Masur 1969
8951:Arana 2013
8943:Masur 1969
8931:Arana 2013
8927:Masur 1969
8915:Arana 2013
8911:Lynch 2006
8907:Masur 1969
8895:Arana 2013
8891:Lynch 2006
8883:Masur 1969
8854:Lynch 2006
8850:Masur 1969
8838:Arana 2013
8834:Lynch 2006
8826:Masur 1969
8802:Arana 2013
8798:Lynch 2006
8790:Masur 1969
8766:Arana 2013
8762:Lynch 2006
8754:Masur 1969
8742:Arana 2013
8738:Lynch 2006
8714:Lynch 2006
8674:Arana 2013
8666:Masur 1969
8642:Arana 2013
8634:Masur 1969
8622:Arana 2013
8614:Masur 1969
8602:Arana 2013
8598:Lynch 2006
8594:Masur 1969
8582:Arana 2013
8578:Lynch 2006
8570:Masur 1969
8558:Arana 2013
8550:Masur 1969
8538:Arana 2013
8534:Lynch 2006
8526:Masur 1969
8510:Masur 1969
8486:Arana 2013
8482:Lynch 2006
8474:Masur 1969
8462:Arana 2013
8458:Masur 1969
8446:Arana 2013
8442:Lynch 2006
8426:Arana 2013
8422:Masur 1969
8410:Arana 2013
8382:Arana 2013
8378:Lynch 2006
8362:Lynch 2006
8346:Arana 2013
8338:Masur 1969
8326:Arana 2013
8322:Masur 1969
8310:Arana 2013
8294:Arana 2013
8290:Lynch 2006
8282:Masur 1969
8270:Arana 2013
8254:Arana 2013
8250:Lynch 2006
8246:Masur 1969
8222:Lynch 2006
8214:Masur 1969
8198:Masur 1969
8186:Lynch 2006
8170:Arana 2013
8162:Masur 1969
8150:Arana 2013
8142:Lynch 2006
8134:Masur 1969
8122:Arana 2013
8118:Lynch 2006
8102:Arana 2013
8098:Lynch 2006
8094:Masur 1969
8082:Arana 2013
8074:Masur 1969
8050:Arana 2013
8046:Lynch 2006
8038:Masur 1969
8026:Arana 2013
8018:Masur 1969
8006:Arana 2013
7998:Lynch 2006
7990:Masur 1969
7978:Arana 2013
7958:Arana 2013
7954:Lynch 2006
7950:Masur 1969
7938:Arana 2013
7934:Lynch 2006
7926:Masur 1969
7902:Arana 2013
7894:Lynch 2006
7886:Masur 1969
7874:Lynch 2006
7846:Arana 2013
7842:Lynch 2006
7834:Masur 1969
7822:Arana 2013
7810:Masur 1969
7798:Arana 2013
7794:Lynch 2006
7778:Arana 2013
7770:Lynch 2006
7762:Masur 1969
7750:Arana 2013
7746:Lynch 2006
7726:Lynch 2006
7722:Masur 1969
7710:Lynch 2006
7702:Masur 1969
7690:Arana 2013
7686:Masur 1969
7674:Arana 2013
7670:Lynch 2006
7654:Lynch 2006
7638:Arana 2013
7634:Lynch 2006
7626:Masur 1969
7614:Arana 2013
7598:Masur 1969
7574:Arana 2013
7570:Lynch 2006
7562:Masur 1969
7535:Arana 2013
7515:Arana 2013
7511:Lynch 2006
7483:Arana 2013
7459:Masur 1969
7447:Arana 2013
7439:Masur 1969
7415:Lynch 2006
7407:Masur 1969
7383:Lynch 2006
7359:Lynch 2006
7347:Arana 2013
7343:Lynch 2006
7335:Masur 1969
7323:Lynch 2006
7295:Lynch 2006
7267:Arana 2013
7263:Lynch 2006
7255:Masur 1969
7231:Arana 2013
7223:Lynch 2006
7215:Masur 1969
7191:Arana 2013
7187:Lynch 2006
7179:Masur 1969
7167:Arana 2013
7159:Masur 1969
7147:Lynch 2006
7131:Arana 2013
7123:Masur 1969
7111:Arana 2013
7107:Lynch 2006
7099:Masur 1969
7087:Arana 2013
7083:Lynch 2006
7079:Masur 1969
7067:Masur 1969
7055:Arana 2013
7051:Lynch 2006
7043:Masur 1969
7031:Arana 2013
7015:Arana 2013
7011:Masur 1969
6999:Arana 2013
6979:Arana 2013
6975:Lynch 2006
6967:Masur 1969
6955:Arana 2013
6951:Masur 1969
6935:Masur 1969
6923:Arana 2013
6919:Lynch 2006
6915:Masur 1969
6903:Arana 2013
6899:Lynch 2006
6891:Masur 1969
6879:Arana 2013
6875:Lynch 2006
6863:Arana 2013
6859:Lynch 2006
6843:Arana 2013
6835:Masur 1969
6823:Arana 2013
6815:Masur 1969
6803:Arana 2013
6795:Masur 1969
6783:Arana 2013
6779:Lynch 2006
6763:Arana 2013
6747:Arana 2013
6743:Lynch 2006
6739:Masur 1969
6698:Arana 2013
6694:Lynch 2006
6686:Masur 1969
6674:Arana 2013
6662:Masur 1969
6650:Arana 2013
6642:Lynch 2006
6614:Lynch 2006
6602:Arana 2013
6598:Masur 1969
6586:Arana 2013
6582:Masur 1969
6570:Arana 2013
6566:Lynch 2006
6558:Masur 1969
6546:Arana 2013
6530:Masur 1969
6506:Arana 2013
6502:Masur 1969
6490:Arana 2013
6486:Lynch 2006
6474:Arana 2013
6462:Lynch 2006
6438:Arana 2013
6430:Masur 1969
6418:Arana 2013
6410:Lynch 2006
6402:Masur 1969
6390:Arana 2013
6374:Masur 1969
6362:Arana 2013
6330:Masur 1969
6314:Masur 1969
6286:Lynch 2006
6250:Masur 1969
6238:Lynch 2006
6226:Arana 2013
6214:Arana 2013
6210:Lynch 2006
6194:Lynch 2006
6186:Masur 1969
6174:Arana 2013
6170:Lynch 2006
6154:Arana 2013
6134:Arana 2013
6130:Lynch 2006
6118:Arana 2013
6110:Lynch 2006
6098:Lynch 2006
6090:Masur 1969
6078:Arana 2013
6074:Lynch 2006
6058:Arana 2013
6054:Lynch 2006
6042:Arana 2013
6034:Lynch 2006
6026:Masur 1969
6002:Arana 2013
5998:Lynch 2006
5982:Lynch 2006
5954:Arana 2013
5950:Lynch 2006
5938:Arana 2013
5930:Masur 1969
5918:Arana 2013
5914:Masur 1969
5902:Arana 2013
5898:Lynch 2006
5882:Arana 2013
5878:Lynch 2006
5862:Arana 2013
5858:Lynch 2006
5854:Masur 1969
5842:Lynch 2006
5826:Arana 2013
5822:Lynch 2006
5810:Arana 2013
5806:Lynch 2006
5790:Arana 2013
5786:Lynch 2006
5778:Masur 1969
5766:Arana 2013
5762:Lynch 2006
5750:Arana 2013
5746:Lynch 2006
5730:Arana 2013
5702:Arana 2013
5698:Lynch 2006
5682:Arana 2013
5666:Arana 2013
5662:Lynch 2006
5654:Masur 1969
5642:Lynch 2006
5630:Arana 2013
5626:Lynch 2006
5610:Arana 2013
5606:Masur 1969
5594:Arana 2013
5590:Lynch 2006
5582:Masur 1969
5570:Arana 2013
5554:Arana 2013
5550:Lynch 2006
5542:Masur 1969
5530:Arana 2013
5526:Lynch 2006
5510:Brown 2009
5494:Arana 2013
5486:Lynch 2006
5478:Masur 1969
5466:Arana 2013
5462:Lynch 2006
5450:Arana 2013
5418:Arana 2013
5406:Arana 2013
5398:Lynch 2006
5390:Masur 1969
5378:Arana 2013
5374:Lynch 2006
5358:Arana 2013
5346:Arana 2013
5338:Lynch 2006
5330:Masur 1969
5318:Arana 2013
5314:Lynch 2006
5298:Arana 2013
5286:Arana 2013
5282:Lynch 2006
5270:Lynch 2006
5262:Masur 1969
5250:Arana 2013
5222:Arana 2013
5218:Lynch 2006
5206:Lynch 2006
5189:Arana 2013
5181:Masur 1969
5161:Masur 1969
5149:Arana 2013
5141:Masur 1969
5129:Arana 2013
5113:Arana 2013
5105:Masur 1969
5069:Arana 2013
5057:Arana 2013
5045:Masur 1969
5033:Arana 2013
5029:Lynch 2006
5013:Arana 2013
4997:Lynch 2006
4981:Arana 2013
4969:Arana 2013
4965:Lynch 2006
4961:Masur 1969
4949:Arana 2013
4933:Arana 2013
4929:Lynch 2006
4917:Arana 2013
4913:Lynch 2006
4905:Masur 1969
4893:Arana 2013
4889:Lynch 2006
4885:Masur 1969
4873:Arana 2013
4869:Lynch 2006
4865:Masur 1969
4850:Arana 2013
4846:Masur 1969
4834:Arana 2013
4830:Lynch 2006
4826:Masur 1969
4814:Arana 2013
4802:Arana 2013
4798:Lynch 2006
4790:Masur 1969
4778:Arana 2013
4774:Lynch 2006
4762:Arana 2013
4754:Masur 1969
4742:Arana 2013
4734:Masur 1969
4722:Arana 2013
4706:Lynch 2006
4694:Arana 2013
4690:Masur 1969
4663:Arana 2013
4655:Masur 1969
4643:Arana 2013
4628:Arana 2013
4620:Masur 1969
4592:Arana 2013
4588:Lynch 2006
4580:Masur 1969
4568:Masur 1969
4544:Arana 2013
4536:Masur 1969
4524:Arana 2013
4508:Arana 2013
4488:Lynch 2006
4476:Arana 2013
4468:Masur 1969
4448:Masur 1969
4436:Arana 2013
4428:Masur 1969
4404:Arana 2013
4396:Lynch 2006
4388:Masur 1969
4061:References
3930:anglophile
3894:republican
3811:Monarchism
3801:Liberalism
3796:Jacobinism
3486:Gaṇasaṅgha
3341:(54–51 BC)
2825:Harrington
2702:Democratic
2692:Capitalist
2687:Autonomous
2669:Venizelism
2654:Khomeinism
2486:Elías Jaua
2273:See also:
2258:status quo
2108:Upper Peru
2000:, who had
1984:; and the
1838:wet season
1691:Luis Brión
1586:landed at
1318:John Lynch
1193:Tito Salas
1157:Portsmouth
1007:Mons Sacer
989:, then to
971:Savoy Alps
959:Grand Tour
854:Tito Salas
604:John Lynch
451:Grand Tour
242:1783-07-24
15959:Venezuela
15863:Biography
15784:CARIFORUM
15624:Rio Group
15376:Kuczynski
15281:Benavides
15236:Benavides
15121:Gutiérrez
15071:San Román
15061:Echenique
15046:Figuerola
15016:Figuerola
14986:Salaverry
14802:Luis Arce
14793:2019–2020
14780:2006–2019
14767:2005–2006
14754:2003–2005
14741:2002–2003
14728:2001–2002
14715:1997–2001
14702:1993–1997
14689:1989–1993
14676:1985–1989
14663:1982–1985
14637:1981–1982
14624:1980–1981
14611:1979–1980
14572:1978–1979
14546:1971–1978
14533:1970–1971
14520:1969–1970
14494:1966–1969
14468:1964–1966
14455:1960–1964
14442:1956–1960
14429:1952–1956
14416:1951–1952
14403:1949–1951
14390:1947–1949
14377:1946–1947
14351:1943–1946
14338:1940–1943
14325:1939–1940
14312:1937–1939
14299:1936–1937
14286:1934–1936
14273:1931–1934
14260:1930–1931
14247:1926–1930
14234:1925–1926
14221:1921–1925
14208:1917–1920
14195:1913–1917
14182:1909–1913
14169:1904–1909
14156:1899–1904
14143:1896–1899
14130:1892–1896
14117:1888–1892
14104:1884–1888
14091:1880–1884
14078:1876–1879
14065:1874–1876
14052:1873–1874
14039:1872–1873
14026:1871–1872
14013:1864–1871
14000:1861–1864
13987:1857–1861
13974:1855–1857
13961:1848–1855
13935:1847–1848
13922:1841–1847
13891:1839–1841
13878:1829–1839
12902:European:
12799:Siblings:
12496:Routledge
12448:1316-1369
12442:: 11–36.
12347:261249096
12331:1932-8656
11918:Conn 2020
11858:Conn 2020
11834:Conn 2020
4373:21 August
4337:21 August
4317:"Bolívar"
4097:English:
3974:boliviano
3898:Classical
3666:Australia
3298:Venizelos
3288:Spadolini
3278:Slaughter
3223:McDonnell
3188:Mackenzie
3133:Jefferson
3088:Griffiths
3068:de Gaulle
3063:Garibaldi
3023:Drakeford
2915:Warburton
2835:Jefferson
2830:Honderich
2810:Condorcet
2697:Christian
2659:Nasserism
2634:Classical
2551:Democracy
2464:President
2206:President
1896:Christmas
1643:Les Cayes
1639:paymaster
1590:and then
1501:Maracaibo
1393:Cartagena
1385:Francisco
1239:Royalists
1208:Maracaibo
983:Po Valley
920:dalliance
866:La Coruña
791:La Guaira
580:. He was
414:, or the
388:Venezuela
354:Signature
194:In office
151:In office
109:In office
16097:Radicals
15887:Colombia
15670:CARIPASS
15648:Projects
15594:Mercosur
15401:Boluarte
15396:Castillo
15381:Vizcarra
15356:Paniagua
15351:Fujimori
15166:Iglesias
15131:Zevallos
15076:Castilla
15066:Castilla
15056:Castilla
15051:Menéndez
15041:Menéndez
15031:Castilla
15001:Menéndez
14981:Bermúdez
14976:Orbegoso
14839:Category
12953:(1819),
12905:Napoleon
12765:Parents:
12458:23 April
12452:Archived
12317:: 1–10.
12161:(2006).
12108:(2013).
11982:Archived
11940:Archived
11936:BBC News
11594:Archived
11528:Archived
11523:BBC News
11496:Archived
11463:Archived
11427:Archived
11422:El Mundo
11364:Archived
4295:Archived
4271:29 March
4196:Spanish:
4086:dispute.
4039:See also
3926:Rousseau
3736:Scotland
3676:Barbados
3327:Republic
3243:Prescott
3213:Naysmith
3203:McKechin
3163:La Malfa
3158:Khomeini
3118:Iorwerth
3083:Griffith
3058:Gambetta
3053:Galloway
3038:Ferguson
3018:Davidson
3013:Cromwell
3008:Connolly
2988:Campbell
2905:Sunstein
2890:Rousseau
2885:Polybius
2820:Franklin
2800:Chappell
2795:Cattaneo
2732:People's
2717:Imperial
2649:Kemalism
2586:Republic
2520:Concepts
2198:declared
2190:Arequipa
2135:Huancayo
2112:rebelled
1885:Colombia
1756:, where
1754:Calabozo
1709:rank of
1667:Carúpano
1659:Antilles
1514:llaneros
1493:dictator
1439:captured
1265:Valencia
1009:, where
991:Florence
893:Napoleon
803:Classics
767:favorite
660:Hipólita
582:baptized
482:Royalist
384:Colombia
99:1st
58:Palacios
41:In this
15911:History
15899:Ecuador
15875:Bolivia
15849:Portals
15459:History
15391:Sagasti
15331:Velasco
15321:Lindley
15301:Noriega
15266:Jiménez
15211:Candamo
15201:Piérola
15196:Candamo
15191:Cáceres
15186:Borgoño
15176:Cáceres
15161:Cáceres
15156:Montero
15146:Piérola
15021:Vivanco
15006:Torrico
14996:Gamarra
14966:Gamarra
14941:Bolívar
13148:Bolívar
12957:(1822))
12620:in the
12339:10.2979
11988:13 June
11946:17 July
11600:13 June
11567:13 June
11534:13 June
11502:13 June
11469:13 June
11400:9 April
11370:17 July
4363:Longman
4191:-liv-ar
4010:Liberal
3970:bolívar
3910:Spinoza
3701:Morocco
3691:Jamaica
3686:Ireland
3671:Bahamas
3473:History
3293:Taverne
3268:Skinner
3248:Ritchie
3193:Madison
3173:Lincoln
3123:Jackson
3113:Huppert
3108:Hopkins
3033:Fabiani
2993:Chapman
2978:Bolívar
2968:Bennett
2958:Bartley
2948:Atatürk
2860:Mazzini
2855:Madison
2785:Bentham
2775:Baggini
2742:Secular
2722:Islamic
2707:Federal
2644:Federal
2628:Schools
2330:walkout
2202:Bolivia
2009:at the
1982:Ecuador
1731:mulatto
1580:Jamaica
1381:Curaçao
1212:Guayana
1200:liberal
1056:Hamburg
822:engaged
799:Santoña
596:criollo
552:Caracas
502:Jamaica
431:criollo
425:in the
423:Caracas
404:Bolivia
392:Ecuador
338:
330:
326:
300:Spanish
249:Caracas
52:Bolívar
47:surname
15935:Panama
15818:Events
15386:Merino
15371:Humala
15366:García
15361:Toledo
15346:García
15246:Leguía
15226:Leguía
15206:Romaña
15171:Arenas
14956:La Mar
14916:La Mar
13911:(1841)
13902:(1841)
13832:(1828)
13814:(1825)
13084:(1989)
13042:Legacy
13008:(1819)
13002:(1815)
12996:(1812)
12836:Slave:
12757:Family
12607:
12575:
12525:
12502:
12479:
12446:
12438:(31).
12362:
12345:
12337:
12329:
12285:
12259:
12227:
12204:
12177:
12147:
12124:
11978:UNESCO
4291:El Día
4074:Styled
3986:UNESCO
3948:Legacy
3924:, and
3912:, the
3906:Hobbes
3726:Sweden
3716:Norway
3681:Canada
3461:(1963)
3441:(1794)
3431:(1791)
3411:(1762)
3401:(1755)
3391:(1748)
3381:(1698)
3371:(1656)
3361:(1649)
3351:(1531)
3303:Wilson
3273:Slater
3263:Skates
3218:Mannin
3208:Mullin
3183:Mackay
3148:Juárez
3103:Hébert
3098:Hatton
3093:Harvie
2983:Burgon
2900:Sidney
2895:Sandel
2880:Pettit
2805:Cicero
2770:Arendt
2752:Soviet
2747:Sister
2639:Modern
2426:, 1889
2334:quorum
2210:Potosí
2179:, 1825
2096:Callao
1990:Panama
1934:, and
1894:After
1675:Güiria
1617:, 1895
1565:Bogotá
1538:Cumaná
1519:Llanos
1471:Mérida
1443:Cúcuta
1368:, the
1298:
1294:
1290:
1286:
1252:, the
1210:, and
1106:Joseph
1076:Boston
1074:, and
987:Venice
945:
856:, 1921
834:Teruel
830:Bilbao
759:Madrid
704:, the
490:second
435:Madrid
402:, and
400:Panama
380:
376:
316:Spouse
16023:Texts
15989:Media
15700:SUCRE
15306:Odría
15296:Odría
15251:Ponce
15141:Prado
15136:Pardo
15116:Balta
15106:Prado
15096:Pezet
15091:Prado
15086:Pezet
15036:Elías
15026:Nieto
15011:Vidal
14931:Sucre
13194:Other
12846:]
12831:]
12820:]
12809:]
12791:Wife:
12786:]
12775:]
12697:1825
12343:S2CID
12335:JSTOR
12313:(2).
4247:Notes
4213:Simón
4029:]
3741:Wales
3721:Spain
3696:Japan
3283:Smith
3258:Sayed
3238:Pound
3233:Nehru
3228:Nandy
3198:Magid
3178:Lucas
3168:Lewis
3078:Grévy
3073:Greer
2973:Black
2953:Azaña
2875:Paine
2845:Locke
2815:Crick
2790:Bodin
2780:Bello
2681:Types
2455:]
2404:]
2298:Ocaña
2286:balls
2241:]
2194:Sucre
2154:]
2131:Cuzco
2119:]
2063:]
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