169:
143:
132:
106:
335:
313:
221:
On
October 6, 1921, Simko's forces launched a surprise raid on Suj Bulagh, marching 70 miles from southeast Urumiah. They quickly defeated the gendarmerie, executing around 500 surrendering soldiers with machine guns and looting the town. The violence also impacted the American Lutheran Mission,
243:
222:
where attackers assaulted three
American women, severely beat a Frenchman, and traumatized his wife, reportedly driving her to madness. These brutal acts sparked international condemnation, especially from the United States, leading to widespread outrage.
297:
280:
213:
launched a large-scale attack on Suj Bulagh with the support of several powerful tribes. His forces targeted the
Persian soldiers stationed in the town and captured many during the Raid.
263:
426:
299:
The Clash of
Empires and the Rise of Kurdish Proto-Nationalism, 1905–1926: Ismail Agha Simko and the Campaign for an Independent Kurdish State
372:
436:
431:
25:
451:
441:
365:
396:
421:
406:
401:
346:
358:
416:
411:
446:
391:
8:
173:
148:
342:
96:
88:
83:
385:
210:
122:
136:
110:
334:
49:
279:
Dixon, Jeffrey S.; Sarkees, Meredith Reid (September 25, 2016).
53:
262:
Kreyenbroek, Philip G.; Sperl, Stefan (August 17, 2005).
341:
This article about a battle in
Iranian history is a
248:. Oxford University Press – via Google Books.
383:
261:
318:. September 25, 1921 – via Google Books.
366:
278:
245:The Kurds: An Historical and Political Study
302:. Springer Nature – via Google Books.
373:
359:
427:20th-century prisoner of war massacres
384:
237:
235:
268:. Routledge – via Google Books.
329:
257:
255:
241:
295:
242:Arfa, Hassan (September 25, 1966).
232:
19:Simko Shikak Raid on Mahabad (1921)
13:
296:Kia, Mehrdad (November 19, 2023).
265:The Kurds: A Contemporary Overview
14:
463:
252:
437:20th-century mass murder in Iran
333:
285:. SAGE – via Google Books.
167:
141:
130:
104:
26:Simko Shikak revolt (1918–1922)
306:
289:
272:
1:
225:
345:. You can help Knowledge by
7:
282:A Guide to Intra-state Wars
10:
468:
432:Kurdish separatism in Iran
328:
192:
185:Approximately 3900 Troops
179:
158:
116:
72:
31:
23:
18:
216:
147:Major Malakzadeh
452:Iranian military stubs
188:900 Gendarme or higher
117:Commanders and leaders
442:Iranian history stubs
193:Casualties and losses
126:Seyyed Taha Shamzini
397:History of Mahabad
422:Massacres in Iran
407:Conflicts in 1921
402:Massacres in 1921
354:
353:
209:In October 1921,
207:
206:
68:
67:
459:
375:
368:
361:
337:
330:
320:
319:
310:
304:
303:
293:
287:
286:
276:
270:
269:
259:
250:
249:
239:
172:
171:
170:
153:
146:
145:
144:
135:
134:
133:
109:
108:
107:
79:Kurdish Tribes
33:
32:
16:
15:
467:
466:
462:
461:
460:
458:
457:
456:
417:Looting in Asia
382:
381:
380:
379:
326:
324:
323:
312:
311:
307:
294:
290:
277:
273:
260:
253:
240:
233:
228:
219:
202:
168:
166:
149:
142:
140:
139:
131:
129:
125:
105:
103:
64:Kurdish victory
56:
39:October 7, 1921
12:
11:
5:
465:
455:
454:
449:
444:
439:
434:
429:
424:
419:
414:
412:Military raids
409:
404:
399:
394:
378:
377:
370:
363:
355:
352:
351:
338:
322:
321:
305:
288:
271:
251:
230:
229:
227:
224:
218:
215:
205:
204:
201:400-500 killed
199:
195:
194:
190:
189:
186:
182:
181:
177:
176:
164:
161:
160:
159:Units involved
156:
155:
127:
119:
118:
114:
113:
101:
100:
99:
94:
91:
86:
75:
74:
70:
69:
66:
65:
62:
58:
57:
47:
45:
41:
40:
37:
29:
28:
21:
20:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
464:
453:
450:
448:
445:
443:
440:
438:
435:
433:
430:
428:
425:
423:
420:
418:
415:
413:
410:
408:
405:
403:
400:
398:
395:
393:
390:
389:
387:
376:
371:
369:
364:
362:
357:
356:
350:
348:
344:
339:
336:
332:
331:
327:
317:
316:
315:The Near East
309:
301:
300:
292:
284:
283:
275:
267:
266:
258:
256:
247:
246:
238:
236:
231:
223:
214:
212:
200:
197:
196:
191:
187:
184:
183:
178:
175:
165:
163:
162:
157:
154:
152:
138:
128:
124:
121:
120:
115:
112:
102:
98:
95:
92:
90:
87:
85:
82:
81:
80:
77:
76:
71:
63:
60:
59:
55:
51:
46:
43:
42:
38:
35:
34:
30:
27:
22:
17:
447:Battle stubs
392:1921 in Iran
347:expanding it
340:
325:
314:
308:
298:
291:
281:
274:
264:
244:
220:
211:Simko Shikak
208:
150:
123:Simko Shikak
84:Shikak Tribe
78:
73:Belligerents
203:385 escaped
174:Gendarmerie
137:Amir Arshad
48:Suj Bulagh
386:Categories
226:References
180:Strength
93:Dohbukri
44:Location
24:Part of
198:Unknown
151:†
50:Mahabad
97:Mamash
89:Mangur
61:Result
343:stub
217:Raid
111:Iran
54:Iran
36:Date
388::
254:^
234:^
52:,
374:e
367:t
360:v
349:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
