33:
55:
1493:
260:
253:
267:
312:
The host's reaction to fly attacks may include systemic illness, allergic reactions or even death, presumably mediated by histamine. In humans, this systemic reaction is known as "black fly fever" and is characterized by headaches, fever, nausea, adenitis, generalized dermatitis, and allergic asthma.
963:
Ramel, Gordon John
Larkman (4 March 2007). "The Nematocera". Earth-Life Web Productions. Archived from the original on 6 August 2007. Retrieved 2007-08-21. (Beside biological data, the page mentions a legend on black flies from the
853:
accords well with the functions attributed to the ala, emphasising her malign potency – even in death – while the legend provides, reciprocally, a folkloric explanation for the genesis of so unpleasant an insect. The specific name
305:, is mixed with the blood, preventing clotting until it is ingested by the fly. These bites cause localized tissue damage, and if the number of feeding flies is sufficient, their feeding may produce a blood-loss
990:
Thompson, F. Christian (March 2001). "The Name of the Type
Species of Simulium (Diptera: Simuliidae): an historical footnote". Entomological News 112 (2): 125. Retrieved 2011-04-08.
845:
170:
41:
744:
843:
District in
Eastern Serbia. The rotting corpse of this being is said to send forth each Spring a swarm of Golubatz flies – individuals of the species
504:
669:
1568:
1390:
731:
590:
567:
491:
425:
389:
793:
757:
708:
659:
514:
481:
458:
412:
353:
327:
770:
682:
649:
613:
577:
547:
537:
445:
435:
1534:
626:
557:
524:
471:
376:
780:
639:
1558:
721:
695:
399:
363:
340:
1364:
600:
1403:
973:
Karadžić, Vuk
Stefanović (2005). Живот и обичаји народа српскога (in Serbian). Belgrade: Politika : Narodna knjiga. p. 276.
1408:
32:
1161:
1147:
1086:
1058:
1012:
978:
948:
1343:
1527:
1465:
1356:
1072:
1026:
915:"World Blackflies (Diptera: Simuliidae): A Comprehensive Revision of the Taxonomic and Geographical Inventory"
1416:
1573:
1563:
1122:
Unterschiede in
Habitatselektion und Eibiologie bei sympatrischen Kriebelmückenarten (Diptera, Simuliidae).
1520:
1273:
1250:
1104:
Dormanzformen bei
Kriebelmücken unter besonderer Berücksichtigung des Ei-Stadiums (Diptera: Simuliidae).
1278:
1457:
1470:
1431:
183:
54:
749:
153:
808:
177:
858:
signifies 'of
Golubac' (Serbian pronunciation: 'Golubatz') – the name of the village (signifying
1179:
1133:
1115:
1190:
1168:
Analyse der
Histaminanteile im Speichel verschiedener Kriebelmückenarten (Diptera: Simuliidae).
229:
1395:
914:
850:
240:
1042:
Jensen, F. ; Diptera
Simuliidae, Blackflies. pp. 209–241 in: Nilsson, A.N. (ed.):
1444:
1312:
1237:
785:
762:
736:
713:
700:
687:
674:
631:
618:
605:
582:
529:
496:
463:
450:
417:
404:
381:
368:
345:
8:
332:
1228:
205:
49:
1553:
1439:
1299:
1175:
1157:
1143:
1129:
1111:
1082:
1068:
1054:
1022:
1008:
974:
944:
824:
297:
The flies are pool feeders. Their saliva, which contains anticoagulants, a number of
1304:
218:
1508:
1172:
Mitteilungen der
Deutschen Gesellschaft für Allgemeine und Angewandte Entomologie.
1126:
Mitteilungen der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Allgemeine und Angewandte Entomologie.
1242:
1140:
Beiträge zur Taxonomie, Faunistik und Ökologie der Kriebelmücken in Mitteleuropa.
1093:
Verbreitung und Ökologie der Kriebelmücken (Diptera: Simuliidae) in Niederbayern.
889:
1421:
1255:
1504:
1351:
1338:
1213:
873:
284:
1547:
1500:
1142:
Essener Ökologische Schriften. Bd.2. Westarp Wissenschaften, Magdeburg 1993.
162:
1377:
1265:
1222:
828:
1492:
1291:
849:. The fact that the Golubatz fly is a voracious bloodsucker and disease
1369:
869:
832:
126:
835:, madness and disease) fabled to have died in a cave near the town of
1382:
1325:
1079:
Simuliidae − Key to Larvae and Pupae from Central− and Western Europe
1051:
Black flies, ecology, population management, and annotat. world list.
840:
302:
259:
252:
136:
116:
86:
66:
1184:
1330:
1286:
1207:
860:
291:
836:
306:
266:
893:
298:
96:
76:
1317:
1452:
885:
280:
1152:
Wichard, W. ; Arens, W. ; Eisenbeis, G. ;
106:
1499:
This article related to members of the fly superfamily
1044:
Aquatic Insects of North Europe. A Taxonomic Handbook
1035:
pp. 331–347 in: Papp, L. and Darvas, B. (eds.):
290:
It is a large genus with almost 2,000 species and 38
283:
of black flies, which may transmit diseases such as
924:
920:. South Carolina: Clemson University. p. 145.
1545:
1037:Contributions to a Manual of Palaearctic Diptera
930:
1049:Kim, K. C. ; Merritt, R. W. (Eds.) ;
1099:Mauch, Dinkelscherben 11.1992, pp. 1–230.
912:
1528:
943:. Wageningen University. pp. ix, 1–536.
1110:Schweizerbart, Stuttgart 12.1987, 133-142.
1039:, Volume 2. Science Herald, Budapest, 1997.
1021:CD-Rom. Gustav Fischer, Stuttgart, 1994.
1535:
1521:
31:
270:Blackfly Larvae from United Arab Emirates
1138:Timm, T. ; Rühm, W. (Hrsg.) ;
1017:Honomichl K. ; Bellmann, H. ;
265:
258:
251:
1546:
1154:Atlas zur Biologie der Wasserinsekten.
1189:
1188:
1077:Lechthaler, W. ; Car, M. ;
933:Systematics of the Blackfly Subgenus
818:
1569:Taxa named by Pierre André Latreille
1487:
1458:F61F9002-FFE7-7941-BD64-EA09BE66DAB6
1432:4cdccfad-1bb3-4a65-b1fb-b5c33b0d50ab
1357:ed5dd193-4510-4195-91c1-01ea25131b4e
1031:Jedlicka, L.; Stloukalova V. ;
1019:Biologie und Ökologie der Insekten.
884:was a notorious insect pest of the
430:Grenier & Bailly-Choumara, 1970
13:
1005:The natural history of blackflies.
931:Hernandez Triana, Luis M. (2011).
14:
1585:
1559:Insect vectors of human pathogens
831:(a female entity associated with
1491:
1053:University Park, London, 1987.
1046:. Apollo Books, Stenstrup, 1997.
937:Enderlein (Diptera: Simuliidae:
892:, bordered to the south by the
827:there is a legend concerning an
542:Coscarón & Wygodzinsky, 1984
519:Rivosecchi & Cardinali, 1975
53:
997:
1067:Academic Press, London, 1981.
984:
967:
957:
906:
316:
1:
899:
394:Rubtsov & Yankovsky, 1982
358:Takaoka & Choochote, 2005
1507:. You can help Knowledge by
896:), during the 18th century.
880:, having the same meaning).
7:
10:
1590:
1486:
509:Grenier & Rageau, 1961
1197:
1174:Bremen 6.1988, 441-442.
1128:Bremen 6.1988, 156-158.
1007:Willey, New York, 1990.
440:Takaoka & Adler, 1997
211:
204:
197:
192:
168:
161:
50:Scientific classification
48:
39:
30:
23:
1063:Laird, M. (Ed.) ;
913:Peter H. Adler (2022).
846:Simulium colombaschense
1108:Entomologia generalis.
1003:Crosskey R. W. ;
877:
271:
263:
256:
269:
262:
255:
42:Simulium trifasciatum
1352:Fauna Europaea (new)
1166:Wirtz, H. P. ;
287:(river blindness).
1574:Chironomoidea stubs
1564:Culicomorpha genera
868:a dove/pigeon (see
1033:Family Simuliidae.
941:) in the New World
819:In Balkan folklore
272:
264:
257:
1516:
1515:
1481:
1480:
1440:Open Tree of Life
1191:Taxon identifiers
1156:Stuttgart, 1994.
1091:Seitz, G. ;
882:S. colombaschense
825:Serbian mythology
799:
789:
776:
766:
753:
740:
727:
717:
704:
691:
678:
665:
655:
645:
635:
622:
609:
596:
586:
573:
563:
553:
543:
533:
520:
510:
500:
487:
477:
467:
454:
441:
431:
421:
408:
395:
385:
372:
359:
349:
336:
250:
249:
244:
233:
222:
187:
171:S. colombaschense
157:
1581:
1537:
1530:
1523:
1495:
1488:
1474:
1473:
1461:
1460:
1448:
1447:
1435:
1434:
1425:
1424:
1422:NBNSYS0000137777
1412:
1411:
1399:
1398:
1386:
1385:
1373:
1372:
1360:
1359:
1347:
1346:
1334:
1333:
1321:
1320:
1308:
1307:
1295:
1294:
1282:
1281:
1269:
1268:
1259:
1258:
1246:
1245:
1233:
1232:
1231:
1218:
1217:
1216:
1186:
1185:
1120:Timm, T. ;
1102:Timm, T. ;
991:
988:
982:
971:
965:
961:
955:
954:
928:
922:
921:
919:
910:
872:), cognate with
797:
784:
774:
761:
748:
735:
725:
712:
699:
686:
673:
663:
653:
643:
630:
617:
604:
594:
581:
571:
561:
551:
541:
528:
518:
508:
495:
485:
475:
462:
449:
439:
429:
416:
403:
393:
380:
367:
357:
344:
331:
239:
228:
217:
182:usually attrib.
181:
152:
58:
57:
35:
21:
20:
1589:
1588:
1584:
1583:
1582:
1580:
1579:
1578:
1544:
1543:
1542:
1541:
1484:
1482:
1477:
1469:
1464:
1456:
1451:
1443:
1438:
1430:
1428:
1420:
1415:
1407:
1402:
1394:
1389:
1381:
1376:
1368:
1363:
1355:
1350:
1342:
1337:
1329:
1324:
1316:
1311:
1303:
1298:
1290:
1285:
1277:
1272:
1264:
1262:
1254:
1249:
1241:
1236:
1227:
1226:
1221:
1212:
1211:
1206:
1193:
1081:. Vienna 2005,
1000:
995:
994:
989:
985:
972:
968:
962:
958:
951:
929:
925:
917:
911:
907:
902:
890:Pannonian Basin
821:
802:
505:Hebridosimulium
319:
188:
174:
151:
52:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1587:
1577:
1576:
1571:
1566:
1561:
1556:
1540:
1539:
1532:
1525:
1517:
1514:
1513:
1496:
1479:
1478:
1476:
1475:
1462:
1449:
1436:
1426:
1413:
1400:
1387:
1374:
1361:
1348:
1339:Fauna Europaea
1335:
1322:
1309:
1296:
1283:
1270:
1260:
1247:
1234:
1219:
1203:
1201:
1195:
1194:
1183:
1182:
1164:
1150:
1136:
1118:
1100:
1089:
1075:
1061:
1047:
1040:
1029:
1015:
999:
996:
993:
992:
983:
966:
956:
949:
923:
904:
903:
901:
898:
856:colombaschense
820:
817:
816:
815:
801:
800:
798:Crosskey, 1969
790:
777:
767:
754:
741:
728:
718:
705:
692:
679:
670:Psaroniocompsa
666:
656:
654:Crosskey, 1969
646:
636:
623:
610:
597:
587:
574:
564:
562:Crosskey, 1969
554:
544:
534:
521:
511:
501:
488:
486:Crosskey, 1969
478:
468:
455:
442:
432:
422:
409:
396:
386:
373:
360:
350:
337:
323:
318:
315:
285:onchocerciasis
248:
247:
246:
245:
234:
223:
209:
208:
202:
201:
195:
194:
190:
189:
175:
166:
165:
159:
158:
144:
140:
139:
134:
130:
129:
124:
120:
119:
114:
110:
109:
104:
100:
99:
94:
90:
89:
84:
80:
79:
74:
70:
69:
64:
60:
59:
46:
45:
37:
36:
28:
27:
16:Genus of flies
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1586:
1575:
1572:
1570:
1567:
1565:
1562:
1560:
1557:
1555:
1552:
1551:
1549:
1538:
1533:
1531:
1526:
1524:
1519:
1518:
1512:
1510:
1506:
1502:
1501:Chironomoidea
1497:
1494:
1490:
1489:
1485:
1472:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1454:
1450:
1446:
1441:
1437:
1433:
1427:
1423:
1418:
1414:
1410:
1405:
1401:
1397:
1392:
1388:
1384:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1366:
1362:
1358:
1353:
1349:
1345:
1340:
1336:
1332:
1327:
1323:
1319:
1314:
1310:
1306:
1301:
1297:
1293:
1288:
1284:
1280:
1275:
1271:
1267:
1261:
1257:
1252:
1248:
1244:
1239:
1235:
1230:
1224:
1220:
1215:
1209:
1205:
1204:
1202:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1187:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1163:
1162:3-437-30743-6
1159:
1155:
1151:
1149:
1148:3-89432-078-8
1145:
1141:
1137:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1098:
1097:Lauterbornia.
1094:
1090:
1088:
1087:3-9501839-3-0
1084:
1080:
1076:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1060:
1059:0-271-00417-7
1056:
1052:
1048:
1045:
1041:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1016:
1014:
1013:0-471-92755-4
1010:
1006:
1002:
1001:
987:
980:
979:86-331-1946-3
976:
970:
964:Carpathians.)
960:
952:
950:9789085858652
946:
942:
938:
934:
927:
916:
909:
905:
897:
895:
891:
888:(part of the
887:
883:
879:
875:
871:
867:
863:
862:
857:
852:
848:
847:
842:
838:
834:
830:
826:
814:
812:
807:
806:
805:
796:
795:
791:
787:
783:
782:
778:
775:Takaoka, 1983
773:
772:
768:
764:
760:
759:
755:
751:
747:
746:
742:
738:
734:
733:
732:Schoenbaueria
729:
726:Petrova, 1983
724:
723:
719:
715:
711:
710:
706:
702:
698:
697:
693:
689:
685:
684:
680:
676:
672:
671:
667:
664:Rubtsov, 1962
662:
661:
657:
652:
651:
647:
644:Rubtsov, 1947
642:
641:
637:
633:
629:
628:
624:
620:
616:
615:
611:
607:
603:
602:
598:
595:Rubtsov, 1974
593:
592:
591:Montisimulium
588:
584:
580:
579:
575:
572:Rubtsov, 1962
570:
569:
568:Meilloniellum
565:
560:
559:
555:
552:Rubtsov, 1974
550:
549:
545:
540:
539:
535:
531:
527:
526:
522:
517:
516:
512:
507:
506:
502:
498:
494:
493:
492:Gomphostilbia
489:
484:
483:
479:
476:Roubaud, 1906
474:
473:
469:
465:
461:
460:
456:
452:
448:
447:
443:
438:
437:
433:
428:
427:
426:Crosskeyellum
423:
419:
415:
414:
410:
406:
402:
401:
397:
392:
391:
390:Boreosimulium
387:
383:
379:
378:
374:
370:
366:
365:
361:
356:
355:
351:
347:
343:
342:
338:
334:
330:
329:
325:
324:
322:
314:
310:
308:
304:
300:
295:
293:
288:
286:
282:
278:
277:
268:
261:
254:
242:
238:
235:
231:
227:
224:
220:
216:
213:
212:
210:
207:
203:
200:
196:
191:
185:
179:
173:
172:
167:
164:
160:
155:
150:
149:
145:
142:
141:
138:
135:
132:
131:
128:
125:
122:
121:
118:
115:
112:
111:
108:
105:
102:
101:
98:
95:
92:
91:
88:
85:
82:
81:
78:
75:
72:
71:
68:
65:
62:
61:
56:
51:
47:
44:
43:
38:
34:
29:
26:
22:
19:
1509:expanding it
1498:
1483:
1198:
1171:
1167:
1153:
1139:
1125:
1121:
1107:
1103:
1096:
1092:
1078:
1064:
1050:
1043:
1036:
1032:
1018:
1004:
998:Bibliography
986:
969:
959:
940:
936:
935:Trichodagmia
932:
926:
908:
881:
865:
864:from Slavic
859:
855:
844:
822:
810:
803:
794:Xenosimulium
792:
779:
769:
758:Trichodagmia
756:
743:
730:
720:
709:Pternaspatha
707:
694:
681:
668:
660:Pomeroyellum
658:
648:
638:
625:
612:
599:
589:
576:
566:
556:
546:
536:
523:
515:Hellichiella
513:
503:
490:
482:Freemanellum
480:
470:
459:Edwardsellum
457:
444:
434:
424:
413:Chirostilbia
411:
398:
388:
375:
362:
354:Asiosimulium
352:
339:
328:Afrosimulium
326:
320:
311:
296:
289:
275:
274:
273:
236:
225:
214:
198:
169:
163:Type species
147:
146:
40:
24:
18:
1378:iNaturalist
1223:Wikispecies
1065:Blackflies.
829:ala (demon)
771:Wallacellum
683:Psilopelmia
650:Phoretomyia
614:Nevermannia
578:Metomphalus
548:Inseliellum
538:Inaequalium
446:Ectemnaspis
436:Daviesellum
321:Subgenera:
317:Systematics
237:Atractocera
123:Subfamily:
1548:Categories
1073:0124340601
1027:0271004177
900:References
870:Columbidae
833:hailstorms
627:Notolepria
558:Lewisellum
525:Hemicnetha
472:Eusimulium
377:Boophthora
193:Subgenera
127:Simuliinae
117:Simuliidae
87:Arthropoda
1180:0344-9084
1134:0344-9084
1116:0340-2266
841:Pozarevac
804:Species:
786:Enderlein
781:Wilhelmia
763:Enderlein
750:Latreille
737:Enderlein
714:Enderlein
701:Enderlein
688:Enderlein
675:Enderlein
640:Obuchovia
632:Enderlein
619:Enderlein
606:Enderlein
583:Enderlein
530:Enderlein
497:Enderlein
464:Enderlein
451:Enderlein
418:Enderlein
405:Enderlein
382:Enderlein
369:Enderlein
346:Enderlein
303:histamine
292:subgenera
199:See text
184:Fabricius
154:Latreille
137:Simuliini
73:Kingdom:
67:Eukaryota
1554:Simulium
1287:BugGuide
1263:BioLib:
1256:Simulium
1243:Simulium
1229:Simulium
1214:Q3280744
1208:Wikidata
1199:Simulium
939:Simulium
861:dovecote
811:Simulium
809:List of
745:Simulium
722:Rubzovia
696:Psilozia
400:Byssodon
364:Aspathia
341:Anasolen
333:Crosskey
276:Simulium
226:Melusina
206:Synonyms
180:, 1780)
148:Simulium
113:Family:
83:Phylum:
77:Animalia
63:Domain:
25:Simulium
1396:1295253
1370:5734043
878:columba
839:in the
837:Golubac
813:species
739:, 1921
307:anaemia
299:enzymes
215:Simulia
178:Scopoli
143:Genus:
133:Tribe:
107:Diptera
103:Order:
97:Insecta
93:Class:
1471:593215
1429:NZOR:
1409:126774
1344:219356
1331:1SIMUG
1292:108878
1178:
1160:
1146:
1132:
1114:
1085:
1071:
1057:
1025:
1011:
977:
947:
894:Danube
851:vector
788:, 1921
765:, 1934
752:, 1802
716:, 1930
703:, 1936
690:, 1934
677:, 1934
634:, 1930
621:, 1921
608:, 1930
601:Morops
585:, 1935
532:, 1934
499:, 1921
466:, 1921
453:, 1934
420:, 1921
407:, 1925
384:, 1921
371:, 1935
348:, 1930
335:, 1969
243:, 1803
241:Meigen
230:Hendel
221:, 1816
219:Olfers
186:, 1787
156:, 1802
1503:is a
1466:WoRMS
1453:Plazi
1445:20678
1391:IRMNG
1383:63165
1318:54681
1305:8VTZ4
1266:61182
918:(PDF)
886:Banat
874:Latin
866:golub
281:genus
279:is a
1505:stub
1404:ITIS
1365:GBIF
1326:EPPO
1279:2353
1274:BOLD
1176:ISSN
1170:in:
1158:ISBN
1144:ISBN
1130:ISSN
1124:in:
1112:ISSN
1106:in:
1095:in:
1083:ISBN
1069:ISBN
1055:ISBN
1023:ISBN
1009:ISBN
975:ISBN
945:ISBN
301:and
232:1908
1417:NBN
1313:EoL
1300:CoL
1251:AFD
1238:ADW
823:In
1550::
1468::
1455::
1442::
1419::
1406::
1393::
1380::
1367::
1354::
1341::
1328::
1315::
1302::
1289::
1276::
1253::
1240::
1225::
1210::
876::
309:.
294:.
1536:e
1529:t
1522:v
1511:.
981:.
953:.
176:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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