Robert Walpole - Knowledge

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corruption to a system. Such was their cant. But he was far from governing by corruption. He governed by party attachments. The charge of systematic corruption is less applicable to him, perhaps, than to any minister who ever served the crown for so great a length of time. He gained over very few from the Opposition. Without being a genius of the first class, he was an intelligent, prudent, and safe minister. He loved peace; and he helped to communicate the same disposition to nations at least as warlike and restless as that in which he had the chief direction of affairs. ... With many virtues, public and private, he had his faults; but his faults were superficial. A careless, coarse, and over familiar style of discourse, without sufficient regard to persons or occasions, and an almost total want of political decorum, were the errours [

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reduced the land tax from four shillings in 1721, to 3s in 1728, 2s in 1731 and finally to only 1s in 1732. His long-term goal was to replace the land tax, which was paid by the local gentry, with excise and customs taxes, which were paid by merchants and ultimately by consumers. Walpole joked that the landed gentry resembled hogs, which squealed loudly whenever anyone laid hands on them. By contrast, he said, merchants were like sheep, and yielded their wool without complaint. The joke backfired in 1733 when he was defeated in a major battle to impose

8673: 8351: 67: 2283:(1718–1794). Sir John Shorter (c. 1625–1688), Lord Mayor of London, married Isabel Birkhead, a sister of Edward Birkhead (d.1662) of Richmond House, Twickenham, Serjeant-at-Arms in the House of Commons in 1648, a Quaker Magistrate and the principal landowner in the parish of Twickenham. Catherine's youngest son Horace later built Strawberry Hill House on land purchased by him at Twickenham. Catherine Shorter died on 20 August 1737 and was buried at Houghton, with a monument in the south aisle of the King 949: 2159:

both the ablest Parliament man, and the ablest manager of a Parliament, that I believe ever lived ... Money, not prerogative, was the chief engine of his administration, and he employed it with a success that in a manner disgraced humanity ... When he found any body proof, against pecuniary temptations, which alass! was but seldom, he had recourse to still a worse art. For he laughed at and ridiculed all notions of publick virtue, and the love of one's country, calling them the

1904:. They defended Walpole from the charge of evil political corruption by arguing that corruption is the universal human condition. Furthermore, they argued, political divisiveness was also universal and inevitable because of selfish passions that were integral to human nature. Arnall argued that government must be strong enough to control conflict, and in that regard, Walpole was quite successful. This style of "court" political rhetoric continued through the 18th century. 1461: 6787: 1623:), and even Lords Stanhope and Sunderland (the heads of the Ministry). Both Craggs the Elder and Craggs the Younger died in disgrace; the remainder were impeached for their corruption. Aislabie was found guilty and imprisoned, but the personal influence of Walpole saved both Stanhope and Sunderland. For his role in preventing these individuals and others from being punished, Walpole gained the nickname of "The Screen", or "Screenmaster-General". 2104: 1423: 2430: 2253: 1107:, on the same day. On 25 May 1698, he left Cambridge after the death of his only remaining older brother, Edward, so that he could help his father administer the family estate to which he had become the heir. Walpole had planned to become a clergyman but as he was now the eldest surviving son in the family, he abandoned the idea. In November 1700 his father died, and Robert succeeded to inherit the 1868:"weighing 168 ounces, gilt, and finely exchased, to the city of Norwich – on the cup part of it are Sir Robert's arms, and the arms of the city; it was first carried before Mayor Philip Meadows Esq. on the 29th of May". However, despite these great occasions, Walpole's broader popularity had begun to wane. In 1736 an increase in the tax on gin inspired riots in London. The even more serious 2064:. A committee was created to inquire into Walpole's ministry but no substantial evidence of wrongdoing or corruption was discovered. Though no longer a member of the Cabinet, Orford continued to maintain personal influence with George II and was often dubbed the "Minister behind the Curtain" for this advice and influence. In 1744 he managed to secure the dismissal of Carteret and the appointment of 2146:] by which he was most hurt in the public opinion: and those through which his enemies obtained the greatest advantage over him. But justice must be done. The prudence, steadiness, and vigilance of that man, joined to the greatest possible lenity in his character and his politics, preserved the crown to this royal family; and with it, their laws and liberties to this country. 2011:

supporters. Behind these political enemies were opposition Whigs, Tories and Jacobites. Walpole was alleged to have presided over an immense increase in corruption and to have enriched himself enormously whilst in office. Parliamentary committees were formed to investigate these charges. In 1742 when the House of Commons was prepared to determine the validity of a by-election in

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affectation. She was devout, tho' without bigotry to any sect, and was without prejudice to any party tho' the wife of a minister, whose power she esteemed but when she could employ it to benefit the miserable or to reward the meritorious. She loved a private life, tho' born to shine in public; and was an ornament to courts, untainted by them. She died 20 August 1737.

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Walpole's policies sought moderation, he worked for peace, lower taxes and growing exports and allowed a little more tolerance for Protestant Dissenters. He mostly avoided controversy and high-intensity disputes as his middle way attracted moderates from both the Whig and Tory camps, but his appointment to Chancellor of the Exchequer after the

2584:, &c. The house were five hours in a committee and were amuse’d and banter’d by questions and amendments propos’d by the skreen, &c. so that they rose at last without coming to any resolution. the kingdom is like to be very happy, when the skreen, and the gentleman with the bloody nose, act in perfect concert together 1127:, which monopolised trade with Spain, the Caribbean, and South America. The speculative market for slaves, rum, and mahogany spawned a frenzy that had ramifications throughout Europe when it collapsed. However, Walpole had bought at the bottom and sold at the top, adding greatly to his inherited wealth and allowing him to create 2557:

As a young man, Sir Robert bought shares of the South Seas Co., which monopolized trade with Spain, the Caribbean, and South America. The speculative market for slaves, rum, and mahogany spawned a frenzy that had ramifications throughout Europe when it collapsed. "But Walpole bought at the bottom and

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expressed scepticism as to whether "an impartial Character of Sr Robert Walpole, will or can be transmitted to Posterity, for he governed this Kingdom so long that the various passions of Mankind mingled, and in a manner incorporated themselves, with every thing that was said or writt concerning him.

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wrote that Walpole's uninterrupted run of 20 years as prime minister "is rightly regarded as one of the major feats of British political history. Explanations are usually offered in terms of his expert handling of the political system after 1720, his unique blending of the surviving powers

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since before 1728, and married at some time before March 1738. She died on 4 June 1739 following a miscarriage. Walpole considered her "indispensable to his happiness", and her loss plunged him into a "deplorable and comfortless condition", which led to a severe illness. By Maria Skerritt he had one

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In private life he was good natured, chearfull, social. Inelegant in his manners, loose in his morals. He had a coarse wit, which he was too free of for a man in his station, as it is always inconsistent with dignity. He was very able as a Minister, but without a certain elevation of mind ... He was

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broke out in Edinburgh after the King pardoned a captain of the guard (John Porteous) who had commanded his troops to shoot a group of protesters. Though these events diminished Walpole's popularity, they failed to shake his majority in Parliament. Walpole's domination over the House of Commons was

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on the other. Foreign policy was the primary issue of contention; George I was thought to be conducting foreign affairs with the interests of his German territories, rather than those of Great Britain, at heart. The Stanhope–Sunderland faction, however, had the King's support. In 1716 Townshend had

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Although no longer First Lord of the Treasury, Walpole remained politically involved as an advisor. His former colleagues were still pleased to see him, perhaps in part because he retained the king's favour. After his resignation, his main political roles were to support the government by means of

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in 1733, because it was a dispute between the Bourbons and the Habsburgs. He boasted, "There are 50,000 men slain in Europe this year, and not one Englishman." By avoiding wars, Walpole could lower taxes. He reduced the national debt with a sinking fund, and by negotiating lower interest rates. He

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Even this change did not appease Stanhope and Sunderland, who secured the dismissal of Townshend from the Lord-Lieutenancy in April 1717. On the next day, Walpole resigned from the Cabinet to join the Opposition "because I could not connive at some things that were carrying on", and by joining the

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During this time, Walpole also made two interventions in the Lords. The first was in January 1744 in the debate on Hanoverian troops being kept in British pay. Walpole prevented them from losing the troops. In his second intervention, Walpole, with fear of a Jacobite-inspired invasion in February

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During the remainder of George I's reign, Walpole's ascendancy continued; the political power of the monarch was gradually diminishing and that of his ministers gradually increasing. In 1724 the primary political rival of Walpole and Townshend in the Cabinet, Lord Carteret, was dismissed from the

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and looked to country gentlemen for his political base. Historian F. O'Gorman says his leadership in Parliament reflected his "reasonable and persuasive oratory, his ability to move both the emotions as well as the minds of men, and, above all, his extraordinary self-confidence". Hoppit says

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represents another part of Walpole's legacy. George II offered this home to Walpole as a personal gift in 1732, but Walpole accepted it only as the official residence of the First Lord of the Treasury, taking up his residence there on 22 September 1735. His immediate successors did not

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on wine and tobacco. To reduce the threat of smuggling, the tax was to be collected not at ports but at warehouses. This new proposal, however, was extremely unpopular and aroused the opposition of the nation's merchants. Walpole agreed to withdraw the bill before Parliament voted on it, but he

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After all the pains that have been taken to detect the villanys of the directors and their friends, I am afraid they will at last flip thro’ their fingers, and that nothing further will be done as to confiscation, hanging, &c. There certainly is a majority in the house of commons, that are

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To the memory of Catherine Lady Walpole, eldest daughter of John Shorter, Esqr. of Bybrook in Kent and first wife of Sir Robert Walpole, afterwards Earl of Orford, Horace her youngest son consecrates this monument. She had beauty and wit without vice or vanity, and cultivated the Arts without

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Walpole has attracted attention from heterodox economists as a pioneer of protectionist policies, in the form of tariffs and subsidies to woollen manufacturers. As a result, the industry became Britain's primary export, enabling the country to import the raw materials and food that fueled the

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He was an honorable man and a sound Whig. He was not, as the Jacobites and discontented Whigs of his time have represented him, and as ill-informed people still represent him, a prodigal and corrupt minister. They charged him in their libels and seditious conversations as having first reduced

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In the new Parliament, many Whigs thought the ageing Prime Minister incapable of leading the military campaign. Moreover, his majority was not as strong as it had formerly been, his detractors – such as William Pulteney, earl of Bath, and Lord Perceval – being approximately as numerous as his

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tenure as "prime minister" is often dated to his appointment as First Lord of the Treasury in 1721, though he himself rejected that title (it was originally a term of abuse), stating in 1741: "I unequivocally deny that I am sole and prime minister." His brother-in-law Lord Townshend served as

1596:. The Government had established a plan whereby the South Sea Company would assume the national debt of Great Britain in exchange for lucrative bonds. It was widely believed that the company would eventually reap an enormous profit through international trade in cloth, agricultural goods, and 2075:

Along with his political interests in his last years, Walpole enjoyed the pleasures of the hunt. Back at his recently rebuilt country seat in Houghton, Norfolk, such pastimes were denied him due to "dismal weather". He also enjoyed the beauties of the countryside. His art collection gave him

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whose previous attempts at rebellion (most notably the risings of 1715 and 1719) had also failed. The Tory Party was equally unfortunate even though Lord Bolingbroke, a Tory leader who fled to France to avoid punishment for his Jacobite sympathies, was permitted to return to Britain in 1723.

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was less momentous, even though he is regarded as Great Britain's first prime minister. He relied primarily on the favour of the King, rather than the support of the House of Commons. His power stemmed from his personal influence instead of the influence of his office. Most of his immediate

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in 1725. Walpole was not consulted and stated that Townshend was "too precipitate" in his actions. Great Britain, free from Jacobite threats, from war, and from financial crises, grew prosperous, and Robert Walpole acquired the favour of George I. In 1725 he persuaded the king to revive the

2271:(the son of Sir John Shorter (1625–1688), Lord Mayor of London) by his wife Elizabeth Philipps (born c. 1664), a daughter of Sir Erasmus Philipps, 3rd Baronet. She was described as "a woman of exquisite beauty and accomplished manners". Her £20,000 dowry was, according to Walpole's brother 2171:. And thus he was more dangerous to the morals, than to the libertys of his country, to which I am persuaded that he meaned no ill in his heart. ... His name will not be recorded in history among the best men, or the best Ministers, but much much less ought it to be ranked among the worst. 2567:

Sir Philip Meadows Jnr. (d. 1757) – the son of Sir Philip Meadows Snr. (d. 1718) – was a commissioner of excise from 1698 to 1700, was on 2 July 1700 appointed knight-marshal of the king's household, and formally knighted by William III on 23 Dec. 1700 at Hampton

2625:"Sir Robert Walpole married, in 1737, Maria, daughter and sole heir of Thomas Skerret, who died in 1738; he had a daughter from her before marriage, Maria, his Majesty's housekeeper at Windsor, and wife of Charles Churchill. She was legitimated, and given the rank of an Earl's daughter." 1405:. Walpole brought about a temporary abandonment of the bill in 1719 and the outright rejection of the bill by the House of Commons. This defeat led Stanhope and Sunderland to reconcile with their opponents; Walpole returned as Paymaster of the Forces and Townshend was appointed 1225:

and corruption in the matter of two forage contracts for Scotland. Although it was proven that he had retained none of the money, Walpole was pronounced "guilty of a high breach of trust and notorious corruption". He was impeached by the House of Commons and found guilty by the

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1744, made a speech on the situation. Frederick, Prince of Wales, usually hostile to Walpole, warmly received him at his court the next day, most likely because his father's throne, and the future of the whole Hanoverian dynasty, was at risk from the Stuart Pretender.

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In 1734, a new silver mace, weighing 168 ounces, gilt and finely exchased, was presented to the city by the right honourable Sir Rob. Walpole; on the cup part of it are Sir Robert's arms, and the arms of the city; it was first carried before the Mayor on 29

2605:"In five of the niches, on pedestals, are, I. A cart in plaifter bronzed of Catharine Lady Walpole, the model of her statue in Westminster Abbey, executed at Rome by Valory, and taken from the Livia or Pudicitia in the Villa Mattei" (now called Villa Celimontana). 1626:

The resignation of Sunderland and the death of Stanhope in 1721 left Walpole as the most important figure in the administration. On 3 April 1721 he was appointed First Lord of the Treasury, Chancellor of the Exchequer and Leader of the House of Commons. Walpole's

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secured the election of members opposed to Walpole in some parts of Scotland. Walpole's new majority was difficult to determine because of the uncertain loyalties of many new members, but contemporaries and historians estimated it as low as fourteen to eighteen.

1765:. Gradually Walpole became the clearly dominant partner in government. His colleague retired on 15 May 1730 and this date is sometimes given as the beginning of Walpole's unofficial tenure as prime minister. Townshend's departure enabled Walpole to conclude the 2982:

archive.org: "A Report from the Committee of Secrecy, appointed by order of the House of Commons: to examine several books and papers laid before the House, relating to the late negotiations of peace and commerce, &c. : reported on the ninth of June,

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willing to do themselves and the kingdom justice; but they act so little in concert together He is the spring that gives motion to the whole body; and the only man that either can or will set matters in a true light, and expose and baffle the schemes of the

1600:. Many in the country, including Walpole himself (who sold at the top of the market and made 1,000 per cent profit), frenziedly invested in the company. By the latter part of 1720, however, the company had begun to collapse as the price of its shares plunged. 1234:

for six months and expelled from Parliament. While in the Tower he was regarded as a political martyr, and visited by all the Whig leaders. After he was released, Walpole wrote and published anonymous pamphlets attacking the Harley ministry and assisted Sir

1761:, the King agreed to keep him in office. Although the King disliked Townshend, he retained him as well. Over the next years Walpole continued to share power with Townshend but the two clashed over British foreign affairs, especially over policy regarding 1056:(1688). He established stable political supremacy for the Whig party and taught succeeding ministers how best to establish an effective working relationship between Crown and Parliament". Some scholars rank him highly among British prime ministers. 2420:(24 September 1717 – 2 March 1797), of Strawberry Hill House, Twickenham, youngest son, the diarist known to history as "Horace Walpole". He became the 4th and last Earl of Orford on his nephew's death in 1791, and died unmarried and without issue. 1940:. Though her death did not end his personal influence with George II, who had grown loyal to the Prime Minister during the preceding years, Walpole's domination of government continued to decline. His opponents acquired a vocal leader in the 1273:. George I distrusted the Tories, who he believed opposed his right to succeed to the Throne. The year of George's accession, 1714, marked the ascendancy of the Whigs who would remain in power for the next fifty years. Robert Walpole became a 1051:

sums up his historical role by saying that "Walpole was one of the greatest politicians in British history. He played a significant role in sustaining the Whig party, safeguarding the Hanoverian succession, and defending the principles of the

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always reside in Number 10 (preferring their larger private residences), but the home has nevertheless become established as the official residence of the prime minister (in his or her capacity as First Lord of the Treasury).

1963:, Great Britain agreed not to trade with the Spanish colonies in North America. Spain claimed the right to board and search British vessels to ensure compliance with this provision. Disputes, however, broke out over trade with the 2114:

Walpole exercised a tremendous influence on the politics of his day. The Tories became a minor insignificant faction, and the Whigs became a dominant and largely unopposed party. His influence on the development of the uncodified

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After the general elections of 1734, Walpole's supporters still formed a majority in the House of Commons although they were less numerous than before. He maintained both his parliamentary supremacy and his popularity in

1218:, but Walpole rejected the offers, instead becoming one of the most outspoken members of the Whig Opposition. He effectively defended Lord Godolphin against Tory attacks in parliamentary debate, as well as in the press. 2023:

also prompted the end of his political career. King George II wept on his resignation and begged to see him frequently. As part of his resignation the King agreed to elevate him to the House of Lords as the

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Never was Man more flattered nor more abused, and his long power, was probably the chief cause of both". Chesterfield claimed he was "much acquainted with him both in his publick and his private life":

1179:. After having been singled out in a struggle between the Whigs and the government, Walpole became the intermediary for reconciling the government to the Whig leaders. His abilities were recognised by 1967:. Walpole attempted to prevent war but was opposed by the King, the House of Commons, and by a faction in his own Cabinet. In 1739 Walpole abandoned all efforts to stop the conflict and commenced the 2087:

estate. His earldom passed to his eldest son Robert who was in turn succeeded by his only son George. Upon the death of the third Earl, the earldom was inherited by the first Earl's younger son

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Soon after Walpole's resignation, a bitter family quarrel between the King and the Prince of Wales, split the royal family. Walpole and others who opposed the Government often congregated at

1355:, a device to reduce the national debt. The Cabinet of which he was a member was often divided over most important issues. Normally, Walpole and Townshend were on one side, with Stanhope and 1214:, removed Walpole from his office of Secretary at War but he remained Treasurer of the Navy until 2 January 1711. Harley had first attempted to entice him and then threatened him to join the 1723:

behind the scenes and cause harm to Walpole's power. Walpole was able to recover from these events by removing the patent. However, Irish sentiment was situated against the English control.

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highlighted by the ease with which he secured the rejection of Sir John Barnard's plan to reduce the interest on the national debt. Walpole was also able to persuade Parliament to pass the

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successors were, comparatively speaking, extremely weak. It would take several decades more for the premiership to develop into the most powerful and most important office in the country.

1376:, dividing the dominant party for three years. In the new Cabinet, Sunderland and Stanhope (who was created an Earl) were the effective heads. Walpole reversed his earlier support for the 6864: 2076:

particular pleasure. He had spent much money in the 1720s and 1730s in building up a collection of Old Masters from all over Europe. Walpole also concerned himself with estate matters.

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post of Southern Secretary and once again appointed to the lesser office of Lord Lieutenant of Ireland. In Ireland, Lord Carteret used his power to secretly aid in the controversy over

1409:. By accepting the position of Paymaster, however, Walpole lost the favour of the Prince of Wales (the future King George II), who still harboured disdain for his father's Government. 1020: 9722: 2068:

whom he regarded as a political protégé. He advised Pelham to make use of his seat in the Commons to serve as a bridge between the King and Parliament, just as Walpole had done.

6166: 2217:, Russia. In 2013 the Hermitage loaned the collection to Houghton for display, following the original William Kent hanging plan, which had been recently discovered at Houghton. 1632:

Secretary of State for the Northern Department and controlled the nation's foreign affairs. The two also had to contend with the Secretary of State for the Southern Department,

2224:?" may allude to the fall of Walpole, who carried the popular nickname "Cock Robin". (Contemporaries satirised the Walpole regime as the "Robinocracy" or as the "Robinarchy".) 5788: 5774: 1877:

under which London theatres were regulated. The Act revealed a disdain for Swift, Pope, Fielding, and other literary figures who had attacked his government in their works.

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His health, never good, deteriorated rapidly toward the end of 1744. Walpole died in London on 18 March 1745 from a bladder stone, aged 68 years, and was buried at the

5882: 4711: 385: 1111:. A paper in his father's handwriting, dated 9 June 1700, shows the family estate in Norfolk and Suffolk to have been nine manors in Norfolk and one in Suffolk. 10054: 10039: 1397:

Walpole continued to be an influential figure in the House of Commons. He was especially active in opposing one of the Government's more significant proposals, the

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Walpole secured the support of the people and of the House of Commons with a policy of avoiding war. He used his influence to prevent George II from entering the

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Although the exact dates of Walpole's dominance, dubbed the "Robinocracy", are a matter of scholarly debate, the period 1721–1742 is often used. He dominated the

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in which they incessantly denounced the Prime Minister's policies. Walpole was also satirised and parodied extensively; he was often compared to the criminal

2888: 1670:. The crisis had gravely damaged the credibility of the King and of the Whig Party, but Walpole defended both with skilful oratory in the House of Commons. 1348:. Philip Medows, the deputy ranger of the park and son of Walpole's political ally, Sir Philip Meadowes, lived at Great Lodge after Walpole had vacated it. 10079: 8619: 6281: 6253: 5697: 5681: 5240: 5214: 4405: 3839: 10149: 10044: 9567: 9107: 7127: 6859: 6159: 2444:(d. 1738), a fashionable socialite of wit and beauty, with an independent fortune of £30,000, the daughter and sole heiress of Thomas Skeritt (d. 1738) ( 2123:

Walpole's strategy of keeping Great Britain at peace contributed greatly to the country's prosperity. Walpole also managed to secure the position of the

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dismissed the politicians who had dared to oppose it in the first place. Thus, Walpole lost a considerable element of his Whig Party to the Opposition.

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In 1721 a committee investigated the scandal, finding that there was corruption on the part of many in the Cabinet. Among those implicated were

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Burke, Sir Bernard, The General Armory, London, 1884, p. 931: "Skerett/Skerit of Peter Tavy, near Tavistock and of Buckland Monachorum, Devon".

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Maria Walpole, who after her legitimation acquired the style of the daughter of an earl, as Lady Maria Walpole. In 1746 she married Colonel

1932:, solicitor to the Treasury, and his refusal to answer questions from the Committee of Secrecy enquiring into the conduct of Robert Walpole. 8983: 7738: 7474: 7044: 6448: 1377: 10134: 9888: 8931: 8719: 8339: 7218: 6232: 6218: 5795: 5753: 1153: 547: 5312: 3406: 10109: 8306: 7958: 7938: 7928: 7589: 7429: 7233: 6817: 6469: 6455: 5784: 5770: 5762: 5746: 5688: 2390: 1149: 656: 4789:"A description of the villa of Horace Walpole, youngest son of Sir Robert Walpole earl of Orford, at Strawberry-hill, near Twickenham" 3063:

Maid of Honour – 172; Meadows, Mary. Transferred from household of Princess 1727. First occ. 1728 (Chamberlayne (1728), pt. iii, 264).

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of Houghton in the County of Norfolk, this occurred on 6 February 1742. Five days later he formally relinquished the seals of office.

10104: 10099: 9934: 9642: 9412: 9251: 9083: 8800: 8788: 8694: 8636: 8560: 8554: 8448: 7223: 6225: 5712: 2150: 1293:. Walpole was also appointed chairman of a secret committee formed to investigate the actions of the previous Tory ministry in 1715. 1286: 4025: 2019:. As Walpole was defeated on the vote, he agreed to resign from the Government. The news of the naval disaster against Spain in the 10084: 9707: 9687: 9672: 8881: 8612: 8460: 8367: 7122: 7094: 7049: 6546: 6483: 6462: 6441: 6406: 6385: 5972: 4879:

The Present Peerages: With Plates of Arms, and an Introduction to Heraldry; Together with Several Useful Lists Incident to the Work

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Skerret, Skeritt, etc), a wealthy Irish merchant living in Dover Street, Mayfair, London. They had been living together openly in

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his supporters secured an increase in votes in constituencies that were decided by mass electorates but failed to win in many

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Despite his personal clout, however, Walpole could not stop Lord Godolphin and the Whigs from pressing for the prosecution of

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Soon after Walpole returned to the Cabinet, Britain was swept by a wave of over-enthusiastic speculation which led to the

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Townshend, working with the king, helped keep Great Britain at peace, especially by negotiating a treaty with France and

1100: 10089: 10024: 10019: 10014: 9989: 9984: 9979: 9974: 9969: 9964: 9959: 9954: 9949: 9842: 9677: 9321: 9197: 9167: 9149: 9137: 9101: 8597: 7379: 7279: 7069: 7059: 6097: 5955: 5899: 4005:(Report). Vol. 3, the History of the City and County of Norwich, Part I. London: W. Miller. 1806. pp. 443–454 2489: 2346: 2328: 2272: 2202: 2116: 2088: 1786: 1325: 1320:

established in 1717 to investigate the abuse of pay. Walpole's fellow members, appointed by the Prince of Wales (later

1085: 860: 342: 17: 2002:). These constituencies returned members of parliament hostile to the Prime Minister. Similarly, the influence of the 1959:

Walpole's failure to maintain a policy of avoiding military conflict eventually led to his fall from power. Under the

10074: 9667: 9155: 9143: 9053: 8906: 8862: 8856: 8713: 8516: 8510: 8263: 8198: 7802: 7790: 7152: 6994: 6260: 5926: 5878: 5851: 5721: 5653: 5175: 4615: 4002: 3964: 3076:"A Genealogical and Heraldic Dictionary of the Peerage and Baronetage of the British Empire (Earl Manvers – Lineage)" 2787: 2496: 2061: 2003: 1945: 1633: 1290: 1202:, a minister who preached anti-Whig sermons. The trial was extremely unpopular with much of the country, causing the 966: 428: 222: 52: 5055:

The Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom, extant, extinct or dormant

4117:

Horne, Thomas (October–December 1980). "Politics in a corrupt society: William Arnall's defense of Robert Walpole".

10069: 9727: 9697: 9537: 9311: 8392: 7142: 7137: 7132: 7034: 5936: 5306: 5185: 4788: 4648: 3035: 2402: 1215: 287: 4860:

Memorials: Archaeological and Ecclesiastical of the West Winch Manors from the Earliest Ages to the Present Period

1924: 948: 10139: 10004: 9717: 9547: 9326: 9191: 9161: 9089: 8806: 8794: 8769: 8417: 8108: 7770: 7353: 7174: 7117: 7099: 7024: 6969: 6046: 5990: 5163: 5057:. Vol. 2 (Bass to Canning) (2nd ed.). London: The St. Catherine Press. p. 462, note (b). 4363: 3619: 2462: 1972: 1912: 1547: 1164: 1160:

that would re-elect him for the remainder of his political career. Voters and politicians nicknamed him "Robin".

989: 985: 774: 264: 91: 31: 1394:. In 1720 he improved his position by bringing about a reconciliation between the Prince of Wales and the King. 1308:

Halifax, the titular head of the administration, died in 1715 and by 1716 Walpole was appointed to the posts of

10049: 9552: 9275: 9185: 9095: 9009: 8999: 8842: 8653: 8502: 8299: 7923: 7913: 7903: 7754: 7544: 7347: 6476: 6434: 6060: 5677: 5498: 1645: 1274: 1069: 1012: 1001: 973: 516: 56: 4739: 3053:. University of London) The Institute of Historical Research (IHR, Senate House, Malet Street, London WC1E 7HU 9762: 9572: 9407: 9280: 9227: 9013: 8755: 8628: 8466: 8409: 8315: 8138: 7998: 7464: 7449: 7009: 6239: 2020: 1991: 1979: 1436: 1406: 1380:, the former first minister, and joined with the Tory opposition in securing an acquittal in July 1717. 5634: 5238:

Handley, Stuart; Rowe, M. J.; McBryde, W. H. (October 2007), "Pulteney, William, earl of Bath (1684–1764)",

4210: 3837:

Handley, Stuart; Rowe, M. J.; McBryde, W. H. (October 2007), "Pulteney, William, earl of Bath (1684–1764)",

2732: 9617: 9512: 8284: 7812: 7785: 5805: 5702: 3508: 3464: 3436: 1847: 1168: 1104: 917: 2258:

Sable, a lion rampant or ducally crowned argent between three battle axes of the last headed of the second

9772: 9376: 9316: 9301: 9044: 8649: 7873: 7847: 7827: 7243: 7185: 6979: 6833: 6392: 6274: 6036: 5943: 5733: 5725: 3318: 3029: 1651: 1313: 1077: 997: 691: 229: 3560: 1662:

were used to relieve the suffering of the victims, and the stock of the company was divided between the

9752: 9747: 9587: 9392: 9285: 9022: 8744: 8645: 8386: 6017: 5916: 5545: 3748: 3730: 1941: 1754: 1527: 1365: 1321: 1309: 1210:

and the Whig Party in the general election of 1710. The new ministry, under the leadership of the Tory

993: 154: 120: 5622: 3586: 3227: 2091:, who is now remembered for his many thousands of insightful letters, published in 48 volumes by 10009: 9742: 9602: 9507: 8292: 6959: 5301: 4898:

Debrett's Peerage of England, Scotland, and Ireland. revised, corrected and continued by G. W. Collen

3647: 3127:

Meadows Pedigree – Collins's Peerage of England; Genealogical, Biographical, and Historical, Volume 5

3000:"The History of England: During the Reigns of King William and Queen Mary, Queen Anne, King George I" 2384: 1714: 1523: 1472: 1270: 115: 4689:

The Complete Peerage, or a history of the House of Lords and all its members from the earliest times

2044: 10144: 9577: 9038: 8008: 7863: 7853: 7273: 7263: 7253: 7019: 6567: 6336: 6322: 6302: 6188: 6070: 5809: 5425: 5405: 5272: 4483: 2521: 2441: 1960: 1616: 1372:

opposition he did not intend "to make the king uneasy or to embarrass his affairs." This began the

1172: 982: 881: 679: 580: 5443:. For an inventory of Houghton Hall two months after Walpole's death in 1745, see pp. 170–84. 4901: 3131: 3050: 10124: 9919: 9862: 9787: 9607: 9336: 8873: 8527: 8118: 7993: 7978: 7973: 7963: 7953: 7943: 7796: 7454: 7434: 7424: 7404: 7389: 6539: 6525: 6511: 6497: 5962: 5889: 5174: 4985: 3805: 2659: 2128: 2016: 1881: 1782: 1770: 1766: 1278: 1152:

in Norfolk. He left Castle Rising in 1702 so that he could represent the neighbouring borough of

319: 4691:. Vol. 10 (Oakham to Richmond) (2nd ed.). London: The St. Catherine Press. p. 83. 10119: 9792: 9270: 7394: 7004: 6144: 4607: 2232: 2206: 1968: 1785:, such as Lord Bolingbroke (who had been his political enemy since the days of Queen Anne) and 1608: 1258: 9832: 5085:

Aotes, Jonathan (April 2006). "Sir Robert Walpole after his fall from power, 1742–1745".

5029: 4863: 4844: 4672:

Burke, Sir Bernard, The General Armory, London, 1884, p. 924 "Shorter of London, granted 1687"

4196: 4160: 3102: 3075: 2999: 2777: 9497: 9296: 8148: 7029: 6849: 5858: 5668: 5513: 5004: 4882: 4825: 3954: 3937: 3535: 2310: 2236: 2092: 1803: 1192: 405: 72: 4475: 3282: 1884:" attacked Walpole relentlessly, he subsidised writers and lesser-known journalists such as 1636:. Townshend and Walpole were thus restored to power and "annihilated the opposing faction". 9929: 9924: 9592: 9452: 7822: 7337: 6909: 6894: 2187: 1719: 1384: 1044:

stock-market crisis drew attention to perceived protection of political allies by Walpole.

1035:

class who was first elected to Parliament in 1701 and held many senior positions. He was a

43: 9827: 5649: 5305: 4710:

All her brothers died unmarried, see "Walpole Pedigree, 1776 Strawberry Hill, Twickenham"

2393:(d. 1807) (Duchess of Gloucester and Edinburgh), the second daughter, who married firstly 2209:

in 1779. This collection – then regarded as one of the finest in Europe – now lies in the

2169:

well are you to be an old Roman? a patriot? you will soon come off of that, and grow wiser

8: 10129: 8948: 8058: 7539: 7519: 7258: 7248: 6929: 6630: 5031:

The Peerage of the United Kingdom of Great Britain & Ireland: In Two Volumes. England

4476: 4299:

Aotes, Jonathan (April 2006). "Sir Robert Walpole after his fall from power, 1742–1745".

2292: 1998:

where many constituencies were obedient to the will of the Prince of Wales (who was also

1937: 1781:

Walpole, a polarising figure, had many opponents, the most important of whom were in the

1758: 1736: 1682: 1441: 1431: 1391: 1341: 1329: 1184: 1053: 8627: 5539: 5490:(1960) ends in 1734; vol 3 was never finished; 1972 reprint combined vol 1 and vol 2 as 4001:"The city of Norwich, chapter 37: Of the city in the time of King George II". 3799: 3125: 2291:, erected by her son Horatio, in the form of a life-size white marble statue, a copy by 1261:, which excluded Roman Catholics from the line of succession, Anne was succeeded by her 9782: 9597: 9522: 9371: 8023: 7584: 7504: 7489: 7479: 7213: 7201: 7191: 7163: 6919: 6581: 6029: 5329: 4600: 4544: 4524: 4134: 4099: 4091: 2845: 2541: 2198: 2036:

advice, to dole out some patronage and to speak on the ministry's behalf in the Lords.

1978:

Walpole's influence continued to dramatically decline even after the war began. In the

1975:, a Welsh mariner, claimed that a Spaniard inspecting his vessel had severed his ear). 1917: 1874: 1836: 1667: 1612: 1597: 1554: 1351:

In his new political positions, and encouraged by his advisers, Walpole introduced the

1266: 252: 8672: 8350: 5212:

Taylor, Stephen (January 2008) , "Walpole, Robert, first earl of Orford (1676–1745)",

5111: 4403:

Taylor, Stephen (January 2008) , "Walpole, Robert, first earl of Orford (1676–1745)",

9767: 9627: 9532: 9462: 9341: 8063: 7948: 7933: 7918: 7893: 7868: 7843: 7832: 7599: 7529: 7409: 7399: 7384: 7238: 6914: 6707: 6672: 6651: 6637: 6504: 6490: 5521: 5494: 5452: 5436: 5429: 5387: 5372: 5354: 5335: 5280: 5118: 5098: 5008: 4841:

A General and Heraldic Dictionary of the Peerage and Baronetage of the British Empire

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in 1708; for a short period of time in 1710 he also simultaneously held the post of

1072:, a member of the local gentry and a Whig politician who represented the borough of 66: 9857: 9612: 9582: 9517: 9417: 9402: 8923: 8577: 8188: 8113: 8088: 8083: 8078: 8048: 8038: 7878: 7817: 7807: 7659: 7579: 7494: 7414: 7290: 7228: 6939: 6924: 6899: 6665: 6616: 6602: 6357: 6246: 5831: 5419: 5245: 5219: 5094: 4410: 4308: 4269: 4260:

Oates, Jonathan (2006). "Sir Robert Walpole after his Fall from Power, 1742–1745".

4126: 4083: 3911: 3878: 3844: 2449: 2364: 2284: 2214: 2210: 2124: 1999: 1949: 1748: 1655: 1593: 1537: 1188: 1092: 1081: 1016: 447: 7723: 5295:

At Power's Elbow: Aides to the Prime Minister from Robert Walpole to David Cameron

5256: 5230: 4421: 4235: 3855: 3731:"This month in history: Sir Robert Walpole becomes Britain's first prime minister" 1753:

Walpole's position was threatened in 1727 when George I died and was succeeded by

1739:, earning him the nickname "Sir Bluestring". His eldest son was granted a barony. 9837: 9737: 9732: 9487: 9427: 8968: 8780: 8730: 8434: 8378: 8258: 8243: 8068: 8053: 8043: 8033: 7858: 7604: 7564: 7514: 7268: 7084: 6999: 6984: 6879: 6700: 6623: 6609: 6595: 6329: 4175: 3024: 2758: 2374: 2360: 2190:, where he and other notable Parliamentarians look on at visitors to Parliament. 1944:

who was estranged from his father, the King. Several young politicians including

1897: 1889: 1865: 1757:. For a few days it seemed that Walpole would be dismissed but, on the advice of 1706: 1663: 1239:

in crafting political pamphlets. Walpole was re-elected for King's Lynn in 1713.

1231: 1120: 1048: 5659: 1187:

and leader of the Cabinet) and he was subsequently appointed to the position of

1080:. His wife Mary Burwell was the daughter and heiress of Sir Geoffrey Burwell of 9632: 9557: 9527: 9447: 8268: 8248: 8238: 8228: 8218: 8003: 7988: 7888: 7689: 7669: 7664: 7649: 7619: 7569: 7374: 7342: 7325: 7014: 6874: 6802: 6644: 6560: 6371: 6313: 6106: 6083: 5249: 5223: 4686: 4595: 4414: 4152: 3848: 2663: 2511: 2470: 2417: 2370: 2025: 1983: 1885: 1869: 1820: 1816: 1812: 1808: 1674: 1390:

Walpole also became an adviser and close friend of the Prince of Wales's wife,

1337: 1333: 1236: 1227: 1157: 1108: 895: 868: 864: 3882: 2267:(1682–1737), the eldest daughter and co-heiress of John Shorter of Bybrook in 9913: 9852: 9817: 9797: 9757: 9647: 9472: 9442: 9366: 9306: 9032: 8491: 8233: 8168: 8013: 7699: 7684: 7644: 7629: 7549: 7484: 7439: 7157: 6989: 6974: 6964: 6954: 6884: 6869: 6854: 6749: 6735: 6693: 6679: 6574: 6117: 5465: 5106: 4026:"The Suffolk Bartholomeans: A Memoir of the Ministerial and Domestic History" 3314: 2453: 2342: 2268: 2228: 2194: 2084: 2029: 1953: 1901: 1893: 1794: 1698: 1673:

Walpole's first year as prime minister was also marked by the discovery of a

1604: 1495: 1345: 1262: 1128: 1073: 1032: 824: 8314: 6131: 5619:

Memoirs of the Life and Administration of Sir Robert Walpole, Earl of Orford

3801:

Memoirs of the Life and Administration of Sir Robert Walpole: Earl of Orford

3700:

Memoirs of the Life and Administration of Sir Robert Walpole, Earl of Orford

2775: 2558:

sold at the top," Tinterow said. That fortune enabled him to build Houghton.

1068:, in 1676. One of 19 children, he was the third son and fifth child of 9883: 9847: 9822: 9812: 9437: 9355: 9331: 8898: 8546: 8535: 8163: 8143: 8103: 8098: 8073: 7775: 7654: 7634: 7624: 7614: 7594: 7179: 6904: 6770: 6728: 6686: 6658: 6211: 5196:

The Long Eighteenth Century: British political and social history 1688–1832

4926:, p. 205) cites a letter from Bishop Hare to F. Naylor, 9 March 1738, 4602:

Bolingbroke and His Circle: The Politics of Nostalgia in the Age of Walpole

3824:

Bolingbroke and His Circle: The Politics of Nostalgia in the Age of Walpole

2697:

The Long Eighteenth Century: British political and social history 1688–1832

2132: 2065: 1398: 1352: 1144:

Walpole's political career began in January 1701 when he won a seat in the

1096: 905: 4028:. Illustrative Outline of the Meadows Pedigree. W. Pickering. pp. 4–6 9802: 9562: 9502: 9467: 8273: 8158: 8153: 8128: 7908: 7898: 7694: 7679: 7674: 7609: 7559: 7419: 7359: 6949: 6763: 6742: 6427: 6413: 5440: 3774:"Robert Walpole, 2nd Earl of Orford – Person – National Portrait Gallery" 2981: 2853: 2677: 2049: 1964: 1852: 1024: 5421:

Noble Households: Eighteenth-Century Inventories of Great English Houses

2373:, who died unmarried but had four illegitimate children by his mistress 1460: 1344:. A keen huntsman, Walpole built for himself Great Lodge (Old Lodge) in 9807: 9482: 9397: 8253: 8213: 8208: 8203: 8193: 8093: 7639: 7574: 7074: 6721: 6714: 5180: 4744:

The history centre for Twickenham, Whitton, Teddington and the Hamptons

4687:

Cokayne, G. E.; Doubleday, H. A.; de Walden, Howard, eds. (1945).

4138: 2227:

Various locations are named after Walpole, including Walpole Street in

2221: 1686: 1373: 1036: 912: 5603: 5593: 5583: 5573: 5563: 5553: 4095: 10060:

Members of the Parliament of Great Britain for English constituencies

9361: 9245: 8133: 8028: 8018: 7499: 6756: 6588: 5644: 2779:

Understanding Prime-Ministerial Performance: Comparative perspectives

2103: 4130: 9351: 4682: 4680: 4678: 4087: 2337: 2205:, sold many of the works in this collection to the Russian Empress 1995: 1798: 1222: 4797:

With an inventory of the furniture, pictures, curiosities, &c.

4629:

Walpole's system was depicted as a unique form of government, the

4177:

Sir Robert Walpole; the Making of a Statesman: The King's Minister

4023: 3587:"BBC – History – Historic Figures: Sir Robert Walpole (1676–1745)" 2457:

daughter, born before the marriage, but subsequently legitimated:

1920:, alluding to his reluctance to engage Spain and France militarily 1401:, which would have limited the power of the monarch to create new 4003:

An Essay Towards A Topographical History of the County of Norfolk

3620:"Henry Saint John, 1st Viscount Bolingbroke | British politician" 2440:

Prior to the death of his first wife Walpole took on a mistress,

2301: 1861: 1762: 1727: 1402: 977:(26 August 1676 – 18 March 1745), known between 1725 and 1742 as 6174: 5001:

The Memoirs and Speeches of James, 2nd Earl Waldegrave 1742–1763

4675: 4517:

Art Sales: A history of sales of pictures and other works of art

1735:

and was himself invested with the order, and in 1726 was made a

5639: 5635:

Robert Walpole's biography on the UK history of government blog

5189:, vol. 59, London: Smith, Elder & Co, pp. 178–207 3956:

The Cambridge Modern History: Volume VI: the Eighteenth Century

3513: 3214:

Robert Harley. Speaker, Secretary of State and Premier Minister

2653: 2480:(1752–1822), of the third creation of that earldom, the son of 1864:, his home county. In May 1734, he presented a new silver 2429: 2252: 1654:

attempted to deal with the financial crisis brought on by the

2495:

Mary Churchill, who on 10 May 1777 became the second wife of

2349:(1730–1791), who left no legitimate children and died insane. 2296: 1987: 5053:

Cokayne, G. E.; Gibbs, Vicary, eds. (1912). "Earl Cadogan".

4045: 4043: 1387:, the home of the Prince of Wales, to form political plans. 1028:

of the crown with the increasing influence of the Commons".

5052: 4455: 3642: 3640: 5598:"The Foreign Policy of England under Walpole (Continued)" 5588:"The Foreign Policy of England under Walpole (Continued)" 5568:"The Foreign Policy of England under Walpole (Continued)" 5558:"The Foreign Policy of England under Walpole (Continued)" 5518:

Command of the Ocean: A Naval History of Britain 1649–1815

4961: 4712:

File:Walpole Pedigree 1776 Strawberry Hill, Twickenham.png

3407:"The Birth Of Modern Politics: The Rise of Robert Walpole" 3309: 3307: 3305: 3303: 2906: 2776:

Strangio, Paul; 't Hart, Paul; Walter, James (2013).

2324:

By Catherine Shorter he had two daughters and three sons:

4770: 4768: 4766: 4764: 4762: 4760: 4758: 4756: 4754: 4752: 4040: 2918: 2727: 2725: 2723: 2721: 2347:

George Walpole, 3rd Earl of Orford and 16th Baron Clinton

2142: 4515:

Redford, George (1888). "Sale of the Houghton Gallery".

4388:

Smith, W. H. (1983). "Horace Walpole's Correspondence".

3713: 3711: 3709: 3637: 3264: 3262: 3260: 3258: 3256: 3254: 3252: 3250: 3248: 3163: 3161: 2965: 2963: 2950: 2948: 2867: 2865: 2863: 2813: 2811: 2796: 2465:(1720–1812) of Chalfont, an illegitimate son of General 2352:

Katherine Walpole, who died unmarried and without issue;

2201:

which he had assembled during his career. His grandson,

1990:

but this was not enough to overturn the reverses of the

1336:

of the King's Palace, whose daughter, Mary Meadows, was

1103:. He left Eton on 2 April 1696 and matriculated at 4443: 4280: 4074:

Crean, P.J. (1938). "The Stage Licensing Act of 1737".

3912:"A petition to remove Sir Robert Walpole (part 1)" 3300: 2828: 2826: 5506:

The Growth of Political Stability in England 1675–1725

5402:

The age of oligarchy: pre-industrial Britain 1722–1783

5320:

Dickinson, Harry T. (1972) "Walpole and his critics",

5161: 4749: 3996: 3994: 3382:"Sir Robert Walpole, first Earl of Orford (1676–1745)" 2882: 2880: 2761:(2003). "Walpole, Sir Robert". In Loads, David (ed.). 2718: 2618:

to this second marriage of Sir Robert Walpole; but in

2399:

Prince William Henry, Duke of Gloucester and Edinburgh

2197:

in Norfolk as his country seat. He also left behind a

1936:

The year 1737 saw the death of Walpole's close friend

1685:. The exposure of the scheme crushed the hopes of the 1328:, Secretary at War; General Lumley; General Erle; and 3706: 3600: 3337: 3283:"Diaries reveal passions at the court of King George" 3245: 3158: 2960: 2945: 2860: 2808: 5324:(3 June 1972), Vol. 22, Issue 6, pp. 410–419 online. 4701:

Per inscription on her monument in Westminster Abbey

4157:

British Political Leaders: A biographical dictionary

3483:"Sir Robert Walpole: Britain's first Prime Minister" 3130:. F. C. and J. Rivington, Otridge and son. pp. 2823: 2473:. By Charles Churchill she had daughters including: 2135:"admitted him into the whig pantheon". Burke wrote: 2015:, Walpole and others agreed to treat the issue as a 1163:

Like his father, Robert Walpole was a member of the

10035:

Expelled members of the Parliament of Great Britain

7753: 5193: 4643: 4641: 4478:

23 Things They Don't Tell You about Capitalism

3991: 3804:. Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, & Brown. p. 2877: 2694: 2161:

chimerical school boy flights of classical learning

1295:

Robert Harley, 1st Earl of Oxford and Earl Mortimer

8998: 5237: 5152:A Polite and Commercial People: England, 1727–1783 5110: 4599: 3985:A Polite and Commercial People: England, 1727–1783 3935: 3836: 3749:"Hall of fame: Robert Walpole, Britain's first PM" 5316:. Vol. 20 (11th ed.). pp. 254–256. 5134:Lord Chesterfield. His character and 'characters' 4024:Taylor; Taylor; Fairfax; Fairfax-Meadows (1840). 3019: 3017: 2889:"'Houghton Hall' peeks at a real 'Downton Abbey'" 2380:Edward, born in 1737, died in 1771 without issue; 1091:As a child, Walpole attended a private school at 27:Prime Minister of Great Britain from 1721 to 1742 10055:Leaders of the House of Commons of Great Britain 10040:Freemasons of the Premier Grand Lodge of England 9911: 6832: 5548:. "The Foreign Policy of England under Walpole" 5415:(2nd ed. 1974), pp. 101–191, political narrative 4638: 3978: 3976: 3357:"Walpole, Robert (1676–1745), of Houghton, Norf" 2757: 2335:(17 January 1709 – 13 January 1781), later 2281:Francis Seymour-Conway, 1st Marquess of Hertford 1956:" and joined the Prince of Wales in opposition. 1916:1740 political cartoon depicting Walpole as the 1701:calling upon Sir Robert Walpole to Speak in the 5351:The Kit-Cat Club: Friends who imagined a nation 4786: 4514: 4259: 4230: 4228: 3507:Blick, Andrew; Jones, George (1 January 2012). 2739:(blog). History of government. 20 November 2014 2486:Horatio Walpole, 1st Baron Walpole of Wolterton 2383:Laura, the eldest daughter, who married Bishop 2355:Mary Walpole, who on 14 September 1723 married 2313:is the following inscription written by Horace: 2056:Lord Orford was succeeded as prime minister by 1242: 1171:to be a member of the council for her husband, 9871: 5578:"The Foreign Policy of England under Walpole" 5140: 4820:Toynbee, Helen ("Mrs. Paget Toynbee") (1903). 4473: 4439:. The Library of Liberal Arts. pp. 62–63. 4364:"Church of St. Martin, Houghton, Norfolk" 3211: 3014: 2709: 2408:Charlotte, the youngest daughter, who married 10065:Members of the Privy Council of Great Britain 9995:Chancellors of the Exchequer of Great Britain 8984: 8613: 8300: 7739: 6818: 6160: 6136: 5484:Sir Robert Walpole: The Making of a Statesman 4895: 4649:"British Prime Ministers: Sir Robert Walpole" 4392:. Vol. 58, no. 1/2. pp. 17–28. 4324: 4322: 4236:"British Prime Ministers: Sir Robert Walpole" 3973: 2517:List of prime ministers of the United Kingdom 2357:George Cholmondeley, 3rd Earl of Cholmondeley 2279:(1679–1731/2), by whom she was the mother of 2239:(incorporated in 1761) in the United States. 5482:; the standard scholarly biography; vol. 1: 5244:(online ed.), Oxford University Press, 5218:(online ed.), Oxford University Press, 5202: 4409:(online ed.), Oxford University Press, 4387: 4225: 3869:Varey, Simon (April 1993). "The Craftsman". 3843:(online ed.), Oxford University Press, 3459: 3457: 2936: 2676: 1299:Henry St John, 1st Viscount Bolingbroke 10080:Peers of Great Britain created by George II 5384:Sir Robert Walpole: Sole and Prime Minister 5307:"Orford, Robert Walpole, 1st Earl of" 5003:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 46, 2476:Sophia Churchill, who married her relative 2331:, eldest son and heir, who in 1724 married 1892:as well as two men he named to the role of 1430:It has been suggested that this section be 30:For other people named Robert Walpole, see 10150:Whig prime ministers of the United Kingdom 10045:Knights Companion of the Order of the Bath 8991: 8977: 8620: 8606: 8307: 8293: 7746: 7732: 6825: 6811: 6167: 6153: 5475: 5154:. Oxford University Press. pp. 9–58. 4570:Opie, Iona Archibald; Opie, Peter (1997). 4529:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 4319: 3952: 3506: 3434: 1494: 1412: 1206:, and was followed by the downfall of the 65: 5542:; pp 180–212; covers his ministry 1721–42 5327: 4876: 3454: 2060:in an administration whose true head was 1310:First Commissioner (Lord) of the Treasury 1287:Charles Townshend, 2nd Viscount Townshend 460:25 February 1708 – 8 August 1710 418:21 January 1710 – 2 January 1711 367:3 October 1714 – 17 October 1715 7713:Interim Chancellor of the Exchequer, as 5300: 5149: 5131: 5117:. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. 5105: 5072: 4594: 4569: 4461: 4449: 4286: 4193:Stability and Strife: England, 1714–1760 4151: 3982: 3821: 3471:, 24 May 1721. Coxe (1798), ii. 216–217. 3430: 3428: 3023: 2997: 2886: 2832: 2428: 2277:Francis Seymour-Conway, 1st Baron Conway 2251: 2102: 2043: 1923: 1911: 1830: 1692: 1515:3 April 1727 – 11 February 1742 1360:been removed from the important post of 1291:James Stanhope (later 1st Earl Stanhope) 593:11 February 1712 – 6 March 1712 277:12 October 1715 – 15 April 1717 242:3 April 1721 – 12 February 1742 200:10 October 1715 – 12 April 1717 167:3 April 1721 – 11 February 1742 104:3 April 1721 – 11 February 1742 10115:Residents of White Lodge, Richmond Park 10030:English politicians convicted of crimes 5488:Sir Robert Walpole, The King's Minister 5241:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 5215:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 5205:Stability and Strife: England 1714–1760 5168:. Shamrock Eden – via Amazon.com. 5136:. Aldershot: Scolar Press. p. 114. 5027: 4819: 4437:An Appeal from the New to the Old Whigs 4406:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 3840:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 3480: 3313: 3123: 3082:. Henry Colburn. 1839. pp. 684–685 2993: 2991: 2939:Stability and Strife: England 1714–1760 2682:Stability and Strife: England 1714–1760 2544:, after which the title was renamed as 2469:, and became the king's housekeeper at 1357:Charles Spencer, 3rd Earl of Sunderland 1008:first prime minister of Great Britain. 529:3 April 1721 – 6 February 1742 14: 9912: 5689:Member of Parliament for Castle Rising 5512: 5446: 5334:. London: English Universities Press. 5211: 5172: 5165:Sir Robert Walpole – a short biography 4979: 4967: 4939: 4923: 4795:. p. 76 – via archive.org. 4774: 4725:, p. 180) cites Horace Walpole's 4722: 4490: 4402: 4064:, pp. 195–196) 10 Geo. II, c. 28. 4061: 4049: 3895: 3717: 3682: 3606: 3343: 3280: 3268: 3195: 3179: 3167: 3152: 3105:. Oxford University Press. p. 370 2969: 2954: 2924: 2912: 2871: 2817: 2802: 2733:"Sir Robert Walpole (Whig, 1721–1742)" 2242: 2163:; declaring himself at the same time, 1658:. The estates of the directors of the 1021:longest-serving British prime minister 811: 10000:Earls in the Peerage of Great Britain 8972: 8601: 8288: 7727: 6806: 6176:Prime ministers of the United Kingdom 6148: 6135: 5503: 5413:Eighteenth Century England, 1714–1784 5400:Holmes, Geoffrey, and Daniel Szechi. 5348: 5271: 5084: 4998: 4896:Debrett, John; Collen, G. W. (1840). 4857: 4843:. H. Colburn and R. Bentley. p. 4838: 4434: 4298: 4190: 4173: 4116: 4073: 3868: 3425: 3216:. Yale University Press. p. 330. 3100: 3051:"Household of Queen Caroline 1727–37" 2410:Lionel Tollemache, 5th Earl of Dysart 2395:James Waldegrave, 2nd Earl Waldegrave 1434:out into another article titled 992:from 1721 to 1742. He also served as 332:11 June 1720 – 19 April 1721 9945:British and English royal favourites 9290:The Constitutions of the Free-Masons 5796:Member of Parliament for King's Lynn 5754:Member of Parliament for King's Lynn 5602:16#53 (July 1901), pp. 439–451 5592:16#62 (Apr. 1901), pp. 308–327 5572:59#60 (Oct. 1900), pp. 665–698 5562:15#59 (July 1900), pp. 479–494 5552:15#58 (Apr. 1900), pp. 251–276 5381: 5143:A Land of Liberty? England 1689–1727 4808:See image www.westminster-abbey.org 4606:. Cornell University Press. p. 4330:"Robert Walpole, 1st Earl of Orford" 3797: 3697: 3667: 3319:"Robert Walpole, 1st Earl of Orford" 3002:. Great Britain: T. Cox. p. 627 2988: 2712:A Land of Liberty? England 1689–1727 2546:Prime Minister of the United Kingdom 2247: 2131:. Later in the century, the Whig MP 1455: 1416: 1283:Charles Montagu, 1st Earl of Halifax 1167:. In 1705, Walpole was appointed by 807: 765:St Martin at Tours' Church, Houghton 9940:Alumni of King's College, Cambridge 9433:Sir Thomas Prendergast, 2nd Baronet 5176:"Walpole, Robert (1676–1745)" 4572:Oxford Dictionary of Nursery Rhymes 4390:The Yale University Library Gazette 3561:"John Carteret, 2nd Earl Granville" 3509:"The Institution of Prime Minister" 3281:Thorpe, Vanessa (3 December 2006). 2482:Horatio Walpole, 1st Earl of Orford 2478:Horatio Walpole, 2nd Earl of Orford 2418:Horatio Walpole, 4th Earl of Orford 2309:in Rome. On the plinth sculpted by 2256:Arms of Shorter, of Bybrook, Kent: 2095:. The title died with him in 1797. 1807:. Walpole's other enemies included 1607:(the Chancellor of the Exchequer), 1257:Queen Anne died in 1714. Under the 1253:Second Stanhope–Sunderland ministry 1139: 1119:As a young man, Walpole had bought 1114: 1004:, and is generally regarded as the 24: 10135:Whig (British political party) MPs 9322:Worshipful Society of Apothecaries 9008:Active 1717–1813, united with the 5650:Robert Walpole, 1st Earl of Orford 5611: 5582:16#61 (Jan. 1901), pp. 67–83 5265: 4982:Portraits in Suffolk houses (West) 4482:. London, UK: Allen Lane. p. 4213:. Government of the United Kingdom 4013:– via british-history.ac.uk. 2490:Robert Walpole, 1st Earl of Orford 2329:Robert Walpole, 2nd Earl of Orford 1326:William Pulteney, 1st Earl of Bath 1249:First Stanhope–Sunderland ministry 1086:Horatio Walpole, 1st Baron Walpole 962:Robert Walpole, 1st Earl of Orford 840: 25: 10161: 10110:Residents of Thatched House Lodge 5628: 5449:The Great Man: Sir Robert Walpole 5293:Blick, Andrew, and George Jones. 3361:www.historyofparliamentonline.org 3325:. prime minister of Great Britain 3039:. Vol. 37. pp. 192–194. 2763:Readers' Guide to British History 2497:Charles Cadogan, 1st Earl Cadogan 2424: 2263:On 30 July 1700, Walpole married 2165:no Saint, no Spartan, no reformer 2110:, a contemporary political satire 844: 10105:Prisoners in the Tower of London 10100:Prime ministers of Great Britain 9935:18th-century heads of government 9312:Society of Antiquaries of London 9120:Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne 8676: 8671: 8349: 6786: 6785: 5186:Dictionary of National Biography 5099:10.1111/j.1468-229x.2006.00364.x 5046: 5021: 4992: 4973: 4933: 4917: 4908: 4889: 4870: 4851: 4832: 4813: 4802: 4780: 4732: 4716: 4704: 4695: 4313:10.1111/j.1468-229x.2006.00364.x 4274:10.1111/j.1468-229X.2006.00364.x 3959:. University Press. p. 46. 3898:Jonathan Swift: Political Writer 3810:robert walpole treaty of vienna. 3036:Dictionary of National Biography 2887:Glentzer, Molly (20 June 2014). 2782:. Oxford U. Press. p. 225. 2737:Government of the United Kingdom 2608: 2599: 2488:, 9th brother of Prime Minister 1459: 1421: 1364:and put in the lesser office of 1289:(Walpole's brother-in-law), and 1230:; he was then imprisoned in the 1221:In 1712, Walpole was accused of 947: 10085:People educated at Eton College 9718:Sir Arthur Acheson, 5th Baronet 7755:Leaders of the House of Commons 5991:Prime Minister of Great Britain 5408:; "The Age of Walpole" pp. 3–88 5173:Leadam, Isaac Saunders (1899), 5162:Leadam, Isaac Saunders (1899). 4666: 4588: 4563: 4537: 4519:. London, UK. pp. 356–357. 4508: 4467: 4428: 4396: 4381: 4356: 4347: 4292: 4253: 4211:"History of Sir Robert Walpole" 4203: 4184: 4167: 4145: 4119:Journal of the History of Ideas 4110: 4067: 4055: 4017: 3946: 3929: 3904: 3889: 3862: 3830: 3815: 3791: 3766: 3741: 3723: 3691: 3676: 3661: 3612: 3579: 3553: 3528: 3500: 3481:Marples, Alice (1 April 2021). 3474: 3399: 3374: 3349: 3274: 3220: 3205: 3189: 3173: 3146: 3117: 3094: 3068: 3043: 2975: 2930: 2848:(programme by) (2 April 2021). 2838: 2589: 2571: 2561: 2551: 1952:formed a faction known as the " 1650:Under the guidance of Walpole, 1134: 990:Prime Minister of Great Britain 836: 803: 626:1702 – 17 January 1712 560:1713 – 6 February 1742 92:Prime Minister of Great Britain 32:Robert Walpole (disambiguation) 9723:Sir Robert Lawley, 4th Baronet 9276:Antient Grand Lodge of England 9010:Ancient Grand Lodge of England 9000:Premier Grand Lodge of England 8843:Master-General of the Ordnance 8654:Leader of the House of Commons 8503:Master-General of the Ordnance 6061:Leader of the House of Commons 5331:Walpole and the Whig Supremacy 3437:"The South Sea Bubble of 1720" 2769: 2751: 2703: 2688: 2670: 2641: 2534: 1742: 1281:in a Cabinet nominally led by 1019:, and holds the record as the 1002:Leader of the House of Commons 517:Leader of the House of Commons 13: 1: 10095:People from Houghton, Norfolk 9281:United Grand Lodge of England 9014:United Grand Lodge of England 8756:Lord President of the Council 8410:Lord President of the Council 5279:. Stroud: Sutton Publishing. 4999:Clark, J. C. D. (July 2002). 4822:The Letters of Horace Walpole 4195:. Harvard U. Press. pp. 3939:England under the Hanoverians 2634: 2614:No issue is given in Burke's 2117:constitution of Great Britain 2039: 2021:Battle of Cartagena de Indias 1776: 1639: 1510:Premiership of Robert Walpole 1437:Premiership of Robert Walpole 1407:Lord President of the Council 1332:, Controller of the Army and 1059: 669:February 1701 – 1702 76: 9618:Sir Robert Rich, 4th Baronet 9327:Spalding Gentlemen's Society 6834:Chancellors of the Exchequer 5536:The Whig Supremacy 1714–1760 5367:Hartop, Christopher (2014), 5328:Dickinson, Harry T. (1973). 5257:UK public library membership 5231:UK public library membership 5074:"Walpole, Robert (WLPL695R)" 4422:UK public library membership 3856:UK public library membership 2998:Oldmixon, Mr (John) (1735). 2231:, England; and the towns of 2081:Church of St Martin at Tours 1848:War of the Polish Succession 1835:Walpole with his secretary, 1378:impeachment of Robert Harley 1285:, but actually dominated by 1277:and rose to the position of 1243:Stanhope–Sunderland ministry 1031:Walpole was a Whig from the 1015:, as well as the subsequent 309:Further ministerial offices 7: 9377:Unlawful Societies Act 1799 9317:Royal College of Physicians 9045:John Theophilus Desaguliers 8818:First Lord of the Admiralty 8650:Chancellor of the Exchequer 8478:First Lord of the Admiralty 8467:The Lord Hervey of Ickworth 7797:Vacant (caretaker ministry) 6037:Chancellor of the Exchequer 5944:Chancellor of the Exchequer 5734:Parliament of Great Britain 5660:Ancestors of Robert Walpole 5508:. London: Macmillan and Co. 5386:. London: Hamish Hamilton. 5369:Sir Robert Walpole's Silver 5297:(Biteback Publishing, 2013) 5078:A Cambridge Alumni Database 4574:. Oxford University Press. 3936:C. Grant Robertson (1921). 2985:by Robert Walpole, Chairman 2505: 2363:in 1731, and was buried at 2203:the 3rd Earl of Orford 2186:Walpole is immortalised in 1314:Chancellor of the Exchequer 1088:, was his younger brother. 998:Chancellor of the Exchequer 230:Chancellor of the Exchequer 10: 10166: 9748:Frederick, Prince of Wales 9012:(1751–1813) to create the 8669: 8646:First Lord of the Treasury 8347: 6018:First Lord of the Treasury 5917:First Lord of the Treasury 5476:Plumb, J. H. (1956–1960). 5371:, London: Silver Society, 5302:Courtney, William Prideaux 5080:. University of Cambridge. 5065: 5034:. G. Woodfall. p. 327 4877:Edmondson, Joseph (1785). 4862:. Thew & Son. p. 4353:BL Add. MS 63750, fo. 34r. 3987:. Oxford University Press. 3670:Jonathan Swift and Ireland 3648:"BBC – History – George I" 3487:The National Archives blog 2435:Or, a chief indented sable 1907: 1826: 1746: 1646:Walpole–Townshend ministry 1643: 1366:Lord Lieutenant of Ireland 1246: 1013:Walpole–Townshend ministry 994:First Lord of the Treasury 155:First Lord of the Treasury 29: 10090:People from Castle Rising 9743:Walter Calverley-Blackett 9385: 9261: 9021: 9006: 8947: 8922: 8897: 8872: 8841: 8816: 8779: 8754: 8729: 8704: 8685: 8644: 8576: 8545: 8526: 8501: 8476: 8433: 8408: 8377: 8358: 8330: 7761: 7708: 7304: 7108: 6840: 6780: 6312: 6187: 6142: 6137:Links to related articles 6115: 6104: 6094: 6081: 6076: 6069: 6058: 6053: 6043: 6034: 6026: 6015: 6007: 5997: 5988: 5979: 5969: 5960: 5952: 5941: 5933: 5923: 5914: 5906: 5896: 5887: 5875: 5865: 5856: 5848: 5838: 5829: 5821: 5816: 5802: 5793: 5781: 5767: 5751: 5739: 5732: 5718: 5686: 5674: 5667: 5654:National Portrait Gallery 5600:English Historical Review 5590:English Historical Review 5580:English Historical Review 5570:English Historical Review 5560:English Historical Review 5550:English Historical Review 5520:. London: Penguin Books. 4498:"St. Stephen's Hall" 4334:National Portrait Gallery 3883:10.1080/01440359308586487 3202:(16 April 1717) vii. 449. 2850:The Prime Minister at 300 2098: 1585: 1565: 1553: 1543: 1533: 1519: 1506: 1502: 1493: 1318:Board of General Officers 1316:. He was a member of the 1105:King's College, Cambridge 988:politician who served as 955: 943: 923: 918:King's College, Cambridge 911: 901: 891: 874: 855: 780: 770: 760: 746: 726: 721: 717: 713: 709: 705: 701: 685: 673: 662: 652: 640: 630: 619: 609: 597: 586: 574: 564: 553: 543: 533: 522: 515: 511: 504: 500: 496: 492: 476: 464: 453: 446: 434: 422: 411: 404: 394: 371: 360: 348: 336: 325: 318: 314: 307: 303: 293: 281: 270: 258: 246: 235: 228: 216: 204: 193: 183: 171: 160: 153: 141: 129: 108: 97: 90: 86: 64: 41: 10075:Paymasters of the Forces 9302:Freemasons' Hall, London 9050:George Payne (1720–1721) 8739:The Earl of Macclesfield 8555:The Earl of Chesterfield 6261:Chatham (Pitt the Elder) 6071:Peerage of Great Britain 5480:. London: Cresset Press. 5472:(Oct 1951) 1#10 pp. 9–16 5194:O'Gorman, Frank (1997). 5132:Franklin, Colin (1993). 4954:, iii. 141 note 1; 4787:Walpole, Horace (1774). 4368:British Listed Buildings 3822:Kramnick, Isaac (1992). 3124:Collins, Arthur (1812). 2695:O'Gorman, Frank (1997). 2527: 2522:Marquess of Cholmondeley 1961:Treaty of Seville (1729) 1617:James Craggs the Younger 1413:Premiership (1721–1742) 1173:Prince George of Denmark 1146:English general election 10070:MPs for rotten boroughs 9863:Nathan Mayer Rothschild 9788:Robert Boyle-Walsingham 9246:George, Prince of Wales 8874:Paymaster of the Forces 8851:The Duke of Marlborough 8832:The Viscount Torrington 8528:Paymaster of the Forces 8486:The Viscount Torrington 6505:Disraeli (Beaconsfield) 5963:Paymaster of the Forces 5890:Paymaster of the Forces 5486:(1956) to 1722; vol 2: 5447:Pearce, Edward (2008). 5382:Hill, Brian W. (1989). 5349:Field, Ophelia (2008). 5313:Encyclopædia Britannica 5150:Langford, Paul (1998). 5141:Hoppit, Julian (2000). 4984:. B. Quaritch. p. 4980:Farrer, Edmund (1908). 4946:(1734, p. 50); Hervey, 4740:"The Twickenham Museum" 4474:Chang, Ha-Joon (2010). 3983:Langford, Paul (1998). 3624:Encyclopedia Britannica 3565:Encyclopedia Britannica 3323:Encyclopedia Britannica 3212:Hill, Brian W. (1998). 3101:White, William (1858). 3030:"Meadows, Philip" 2710:Hoppit, Julian (2000). 2660:Oxford University Press 2235:(founded in 1724), and 2183:industrial revolution. 2028:, Viscount Walpole and 2017:motion of no confidence 1771:Anglo-Austrian alliance 1279:Paymaster of the Forces 1099:in 1690 where he was a 320:Paymaster of the Forces 10140:Lords of the Admiralty 10005:English art collectors 9793:Sir Robert de Cornwall 9271:History of Freemasonry 8957:The Earl of Scarbrough 8888:The Earl of Wilmington 8801:The Duke of Devonshire 8789:The Viscount Townshend 8695:The Viscount Townshend 8637:The Viscount Townshend 8561:The Duke of Devonshire 8449:The Duke of Devonshire 8443:The Earl of Wilmington 8424:The Earl of Wilmington 6011:The Earl of Sunderland 6001:The Earl of Wilmington 5985:None recognised before 5713:Marquess of Hartington 5418:Murdoch, Tessa (ed.). 5250:10.1093/ref:odnb/22889 5224:10.1093/ref:odnb/28601 5028:Debrett, John (1814). 4881:. J. Dodsley. p. 4858:Eller, George (1861). 4435:Burke, Edmund (1962). 4415:10.1093/ref:odnb/28601 3849:10.1093/ref:odnb/22889 3798:Coxe, William (1816). 3698:Coxe, William (1978). 3186:(9 May 1717) vii. 460. 2437: 2260: 2233:Walpole, Massachusetts 2211:State Hermitage Museum 2173: 2148: 2111: 2053: 1994:and further losses in 1946:William Pitt the Elder 1933: 1921: 1843: 1733:Knighthood of the Bath 1709: 1609:James Craggs the Elder 1259:Act of Settlement 1701 506:Parliamentary offices 189:The Earl of Wilmington 148:The Earl of Wilmington 10050:Knights of the Garter 10025:English MPs 1705–1707 10020:English MPs 1702–1705 10015:English MPs 1701–1702 9990:British MPs 1741–1747 9985:British MPs 1734–1741 9980:British MPs 1727–1734 9975:British MPs 1722–1727 9970:British MPs 1715–1722 9965:British MPs 1713–1715 9960:British MPs 1710–1713 9955:British MPs 1708–1710 9950:British MPs 1707–1708 9337:English Enlightenment 8932:The Duke of Newcastle 8720:The Duke of Newcastle 8461:The Earl of Godolphin 8455:The Viscount Lonsdale 8340:The Duke of Newcastle 6850:Eustace of Fauconberg 5927:The Viscount Stanhope 5859:Treasurer of the Navy 5669:Parliament of England 5538:(1939; 2nd ed. 1962) 5504:Plumb, J. H. (1967). 5468:"Sir Robert Walpole" 5203:Speck, W. A. (1977). 5113:The Duke of Newcastle 4942:, p. 205) cites 4191:Speck, W. A. (1977). 4159:. ABC-CLIO. pp. 3896:Downie, J.A. (1986). 3198:, p. 185) cites 3182:, p. 185) cites 3155:, pp. 184, 186). 2937:Speck, W. T. (1977). 2656:UK English Dictionary 2432: 2311:John Michael Rysbrack 2295:of a Roman statue of 2255: 2237:Orford, New Hampshire 2222:Who Killed Cock Robin 2156: 2137: 2106: 2093:Yale University Press 2047: 1980:1741 general election 1927: 1915: 1875:Licensing Act of 1737 1834: 1747:Further information: 1696: 1644:Further information: 1340:to Walpole's friend, 1297:, was impeached, and 1193:Treasurer of the Navy 406:Treasurer of the Navy 73:Jean-Baptiste van Loo 9778:Marquess of Hastings 9543:Lord James Cavendish 9493:Earl of Macclesfield 9413:Earl of Chesterfield 9198:Marquis of Carnarvon 9150:Marquis of Carnarvon 8826:The Earl of Berkeley 8764:The Duke of Kingston 5910:The Earl of Carlisle 5852:Sir Thomas Littleton 5722:Sir Thomas Littleton 5708:The Earl of Ranelagh 4839:Burke, John (1833). 4551:. Special exhibition 4545:"Houghton revisited" 4174:Plumb, J.H. (1960). 3668:Ferguson, Oliver W. 2915:, pp. 180, 181. 2401:the brother of King 1801:did in his farcical 1737:Knight of the Garter 1064:Walpole was born in 843:; died 810:; died 653:Member of Parliament 544:Member of Parliament 429:Sir Thomas Littleton 211:The Earl of Carlisle 44:The Right Honourable 9833:Meyer Löw Schomberg 9703:Marquess of Lothian 9688:Duke of Marlborough 9673:Duke of Queensberry 8949:Master of the Horse 8938:The Duke of Grafton 8882:The Lord Cornwallis 8586:The Duke of Grafton 8517:The Duke of Montagu 8368:The Lord Harrington 5973:The Lord Cornwallis 5956:The Earl of Lincoln 5900:The Earl of Lincoln 5645:Cholmondeley Castle 5451:. London: Pimlico. 5411:Marshall, Dorothy. 4970:, pp. 205–206. 4464:, pp. 114–115. 4052:, pp. 195–196. 3953:A. W. Ward (1909). 3683:Ehrenpreis, Irvin. 3567:. British statesman 3536:"Charles Townshend" 2941:. pp. 206–209. 2927:, pp. 181–182. 2833:ACAD & WLPL695R 2805:, pp. 178–179. 2345:. They had one son 2293:Filippo della Valle 2243:Marriages and issue 2220:The nursery rhyme " 1971:(so called because 1969:War of Jenkins' Ear 1683:bishop of Rochester 1330:Sir Philip Meadowes 1301:, suffered from an 1208:Duke of Marlborough 1185:Lord High Treasurer 1093:Massingham, Norfolk 1054:Glorious Revolution 882:Col. Robert Walpole 400:The Earl of Lincoln 355:The Lord Cornwallis 343:The Earl of Lincoln 9783:James Moore Smythe 9713:Earl of Winchilsea 9663:Earl of Burlington 9643:Viscount Townshend 9598:John Baptist Grano 9553:William Richardson 9523:Richard Manningham 9372:Foundling Hospital 9347:Walpole ministries 9297:Freemasons' Tavern 9240:Duke of Cumberland 9234:Duke of Manchester 8913:The Duke of Dorset 8907:The Duke of Argyll 8863:The Duke of Argyll 8714:The Earl Granville 8706:Southern Secretary 8687:Northern Secretary 8662:Sir Robert Walpole 8633:Sir Robert Walpole 8567:The Duke of Dorset 8511:The Duke of Argyll 8399:The Lord Hardwicke 8360:Northern Secretary 8332:Southern Secretary 8323:Sir Robert Walpole 8009:Campbell-Bannerman 7715:Lord Chief Justice 6568:Campbell-Bannerman 5937:Sir Richard Onslow 5817:Political offices 5785:Sir Charles Turner 5771:Sir Charles Turner 5763:Sir Charles Turner 5760:Served alongside: 5747:Sir Charles Turner 5492:Sir Robert Walpole 5478:Sir Robert Walpole 5353:. Harper Collins. 3103:"Noes and Queries" 2846:Sir Anthony Seldon 2542:Acts of Union 1800 2438: 2433:Arms of Skerritt: 2261: 2125:Hanoverian dynasty 2112: 2054: 2048:Robert Walpole by 1934: 1922: 1918:Colossus of Rhodes 1844: 1837:Henry Bilson-Legge 1710: 1668:East India Company 1621:Southern Secretary 1613:Postmaster General 1576:Earl of Wilmington 1571:Office established 1471:. You can help by 1362:Northern Secretary 1267:Elector of Hanover 1095:. Walpole entered 979:Sir Robert Walpole 299:The Earl Stanhope 288:Sir Richard Onslow 136:Office established 48:The Earl of Orford 18:Sir Robert Walpole 9907: 9906: 9901: 9900: 9897: 9896: 9889:Duke of Newcastle 9828:Hipólito da Costa 9768:Thomas Dunckerley 9708:Earl of Balcarres 9678:Earl of Deloraine 9628:Francis Columbine 9533:Richard Rawlinson 9463:Richard Cantillon 9342:Order of the Bath 9084:Earl of Inchiquin 8966: 8965: 8795:The Lord Carleton 8595: 8594: 8492:Sir Charles Wager 8282: 8281: 7721: 7720: 6800: 6799: 6130: 6129: 6095:Succeeded by 6044:Succeeded by 5998:Succeeded by 5970:Succeeded by 5924:Succeeded by 5897:Succeeded by 5866:Succeeded by 5839:Succeeded by 5803:Succeeded by 5768:Succeeded by 5758:1702–1712 5719:Succeeded by 5693:1701–1702 5534:Williams, Basil. 5527:978-0-14-102690-9 5458:978-1-84413-405-2 5434:978-0-9524322-5-8 5393:978-0-241-12738-4 5377:978-0-9549144-3-1 5360:978-0-00-717892-6 5341:978-0-340-11515-2 5286:978-0-7509-2523-5 5255:(Subscription or 5229:(Subscription or 5124:978-0-300-01746-5 5014:978-0-521-52689-0 4581:978-0-19-860088-6 4549:www.christies.com 4420:(Subscription or 3916:samueljohnson.com 3854:(Subscription or 3413:. 2 February 2015 3411:Plantagenet Lions 3386:historyhome.co.uk 2893:Houston Chronicle 2666:on 6 August 2020. 2467:Charles Churchill 2463:Charles Churchill 2289:Westminster Abbey 2265:Catherine Shorter 2248:Catherine Shorter 2207:Catherine II 2199:collection of art 2188:St Stephen's Hall 2176:10 Downing Street 2151:Lord Chesterfield 2129:rebellion of 1745 1841:Stephen Slaughter 1797:as, for example, 1720:Drapier's Letters 1679:Francis Atterbury 1660:South Sea Company 1590: 1589: 1560:10 Downing Street 1489: 1488: 1454: 1453: 1449: 1204:Sacheverell riots 1200:Henry Sacheverell 1177:Lord High Admiral 1125:South Sea Company 1066:Houghton, Norfolk 959: 958: 792:Catherine Shorter 740:Houghton, Norfolk 697: 696: 488: 487: 381:John Grubham Howe 223:The Earl Stanhope 16:(Redirected from 10157: 10010:English MPs 1701 9869: 9868: 9858:Moses Montefiore 9728:Alexander Brodie 9683:Earl of Portmore 9658:Duke of Kingston 9638:Earl of Pembroke 9613:Adolphus Oughton 9583:George Shelvocke 9568:Duke of Ancaster 9548:Earl of Hopetoun 9538:Charles Stanhope 9518:Ephraim Chambers 9513:Alexander Stuart 9418:Charles Delafaye 9403:William Stukeley 9286:James Anderson's 9222:Duke of Beaufort 9126:Earl of Crawford 9114:Viscount Montagu 9072:Duke of Richmond 9066:Earl of Dalkeith 8993: 8986: 8979: 8970: 8969: 8924:Lord Chamberlain 8857:The Earl Cadogan 8680: 8675: 8622: 8615: 8608: 8599: 8598: 8578:Lord Chamberlain 8353: 8309: 8302: 8295: 8286: 8285: 7864:Pitt the Younger 7854:Pitt the Younger 7748: 7741: 7734: 7725: 7724: 7110:of Great Britain 6827: 6820: 6813: 6804: 6803: 6793: 6789: 6788: 6773: 6766: 6759: 6752: 6745: 6738: 6731: 6724: 6717: 6710: 6703: 6696: 6689: 6682: 6675: 6668: 6661: 6654: 6647: 6640: 6633: 6626: 6619: 6612: 6605: 6598: 6591: 6584: 6577: 6570: 6563: 6556: 6549: 6542: 6535: 6528: 6521: 6514: 6507: 6500: 6493: 6486: 6479: 6472: 6465: 6458: 6451: 6444: 6437: 6430: 6423: 6416: 6409: 6402: 6395: 6388: 6381: 6374: 6367: 6360: 6353: 6346: 6339: 6337:Pitt the Younger 6332: 6325: 6323:Pitt the Younger 6305: 6303:Pitt the Younger 6298: 6291: 6284: 6277: 6270: 6263: 6256: 6249: 6242: 6235: 6228: 6221: 6214: 6207: 6200: 6198:Walpole (Orford) 6169: 6162: 6155: 6146: 6145: 6133: 6132: 6107:Viscount Walpole 6027:Preceded by 6008:Preceded by 5953:Preceded by 5934:Preceded by 5907:Preceded by 5876:Preceded by 5849:Preceded by 5842:George Granville 5832:Secretary at War 5822:Preceded by 5782:Preceded by 5740:Preceded by 5675:Preceded by 5665: 5664: 5531: 5514:Rodger, N. A. M. 5509: 5481: 5462: 5397: 5364: 5345: 5317: 5309: 5290: 5277:Walpole in Power 5260: 5252: 5234: 5226: 5208: 5199: 5190: 5178: 5169: 5158: 5146: 5137: 5128: 5116: 5102: 5093:(302): 218–230. 5081: 5059: 5058: 5050: 5044: 5043: 5041: 5039: 5025: 5019: 5018: 4996: 4990: 4989: 4977: 4971: 4965: 4959: 4950:, i. 115; Pope, 4937: 4931: 4921: 4915: 4912: 4906: 4905: 4893: 4887: 4886: 4874: 4868: 4867: 4855: 4849: 4848: 4836: 4830: 4829: 4817: 4811: 4806: 4800: 4799: 4784: 4778: 4772: 4747: 4746: 4736: 4730: 4720: 4714: 4708: 4702: 4699: 4693: 4692: 4684: 4673: 4670: 4664: 4663: 4661: 4659: 4653:historytoday.com 4645: 4636: 4635: 4626: 4624: 4605: 4592: 4586: 4585: 4567: 4561: 4560: 4558: 4556: 4541: 4535: 4534: 4528: 4520: 4512: 4506: 4505: 4494: 4488: 4487: 4481: 4471: 4465: 4459: 4453: 4447: 4441: 4440: 4432: 4426: 4425: 4417: 4400: 4394: 4393: 4385: 4379: 4378: 4376: 4374: 4360: 4354: 4351: 4345: 4344: 4342: 4340: 4326: 4317: 4316: 4307:(302): 218–230. 4296: 4290: 4284: 4278: 4277: 4268:(302): 218–230. 4257: 4251: 4250: 4248: 4246: 4232: 4223: 4222: 4220: 4218: 4207: 4201: 4200: 4188: 4182: 4181: 4180:. Cresset Press. 4171: 4165: 4164: 4149: 4143: 4142: 4114: 4108: 4107: 4076:Modern Philology 4071: 4065: 4059: 4053: 4047: 4038: 4037: 4035: 4033: 4021: 4015: 4014: 4012: 4010: 3998: 3989: 3988: 3980: 3971: 3970: 3950: 3944: 3943: 3933: 3927: 3926: 3924: 3922: 3908: 3902: 3901: 3893: 3887: 3886: 3866: 3860: 3859: 3851: 3834: 3828: 3827: 3819: 3813: 3812: 3795: 3789: 3788: 3786: 3784: 3770: 3764: 3763: 3761: 3759: 3753:thegazette.co.uk 3745: 3739: 3738: 3727: 3721: 3715: 3704: 3703: 3695: 3689: 3688: 3687:. Vol. III. 3680: 3674: 3673: 3665: 3659: 3658: 3656: 3654: 3644: 3635: 3634: 3632: 3630: 3616: 3610: 3604: 3598: 3597: 3595: 3593: 3583: 3577: 3576: 3574: 3572: 3557: 3551: 3550: 3548: 3546: 3532: 3526: 3525: 3523: 3521: 3504: 3498: 3497: 3495: 3493: 3478: 3472: 3465:St John Brodrick 3461: 3452: 3451: 3449: 3447: 3435:Stewart, Terry. 3432: 3423: 3422: 3420: 3418: 3403: 3397: 3396: 3394: 3392: 3378: 3372: 3371: 3369: 3367: 3353: 3347: 3341: 3335: 3334: 3332: 3330: 3311: 3298: 3297: 3295: 3293: 3278: 3272: 3266: 3243: 3242: 3240: 3238: 3224: 3218: 3217: 3209: 3203: 3193: 3187: 3177: 3171: 3165: 3156: 3150: 3144: 3143: 3141: 3139: 3121: 3115: 3114: 3112: 3110: 3098: 3092: 3091: 3089: 3087: 3072: 3066: 3065: 3060: 3058: 3047: 3041: 3040: 3032: 3025:Seccombe, Thomas 3021: 3012: 3011: 3009: 3007: 2995: 2986: 2979: 2973: 2967: 2958: 2952: 2943: 2942: 2934: 2928: 2922: 2916: 2910: 2904: 2903: 2901: 2899: 2884: 2875: 2869: 2858: 2857: 2842: 2836: 2830: 2821: 2815: 2806: 2800: 2794: 2793: 2773: 2767: 2766: 2759:Dickinson, H. T. 2755: 2749: 2748: 2746: 2744: 2729: 2716: 2715: 2707: 2701: 2700: 2692: 2686: 2685: 2674: 2668: 2667: 2662:. Archived from 2645: 2628: 2620:Ancient Peerages 2612: 2606: 2603: 2597: 2593: 2587: 2575: 2569: 2565: 2559: 2555: 2549: 2538: 2385:Frederick Keppel 2365:Malpas, Cheshire 2343:Baroness Clinton 2285:Henry VII Chapel 2215:Saint Petersburg 2000:Duke of Cornwall 1950:George Grenville 1787:William Pulteney 1767:Treaty of Vienna 1749:Walpole ministry 1715:Wood's Halfpence 1703:House of Commons 1656:South Sea Bubble 1594:South Sea Bubble 1538:Walpole ministry 1513: 1511: 1498: 1491: 1490: 1484: 1481: 1463: 1456: 1445: 1425: 1424: 1417: 1303:act of attainder 1275:Privy Councillor 1189:Secretary at War 1140:Political career 1115:Business success 1082:Rougham, Suffolk 1078:House of Commons 1042:South Sea Bubble 1025:W. A. Speck 1017:Walpole ministry 976: 971: 951: 848: 846: 842: 838: 815: 813: 809: 805: 753: 736: 734: 722:Personal details 688: 676: 667: 643: 633: 624: 612: 600: 591: 577: 567: 558: 536: 527: 502: 501: 483:George Granville 479: 467: 458: 448:Secretary at War 437: 425: 416: 397: 374: 365: 351: 339: 330: 305: 304: 296: 284: 275: 261: 249: 240: 219: 207: 198: 186: 174: 165: 144: 132: 102: 81: 78: 69: 59: 39: 38: 21: 10165: 10164: 10160: 10159: 10158: 10156: 10155: 10154: 10145:Earls of Orford 9910: 9909: 9908: 9903: 9902: 9893: 9872:Prime ministers 9867: 9843:Sampson Eardley 9838:Joseph Salvador 9773:William Preston 9738:Charles Labelye 9733:William Hogarth 9693:Baron Baltimore 9653:Earl Waldegrave 9623:Viscount Cobham 9578:Edmund Prideaux 9488:James Thornhill 9458:Earl Cornwallis 9428:William Billers 9423:Baron Carpenter 9381: 9263: 9257: 9192:Baron Carysfort 9162:Earl of Kintore 9144:Earl of Darnley 9138:Earl of Loudoun 9102:Duke of Norfolk 9060:Duke of Wharton 9054:Duke of Montagu 9024: 9017: 9002: 8997: 8967: 8962: 8943: 8918: 8893: 8868: 8837: 8812: 8807:The Lord Trevor 8781:Lord Privy Seal 8775: 8770:The Lord Trevor 8750: 8731:Lord Chancellor 8725: 8700: 8681: 8667: 8652: 8648: 8640: 8626: 8596: 8591: 8572: 8541: 8522: 8497: 8472: 8435:Lord Privy Seal 8429: 8418:The Lord Trevor 8404: 8393:The Lord Talbot 8379:Lord Chancellor 8373: 8354: 8345: 8326: 8313: 8283: 8278: 7757: 7752: 7722: 7717: 7704: 7590:Heathcoat-Amory 7307: 7300: 7104: 6836: 6831: 6801: 6796: 6784: 6776: 6769: 6762: 6755: 6748: 6741: 6734: 6727: 6720: 6713: 6706: 6699: 6692: 6685: 6678: 6671: 6664: 6657: 6650: 6643: 6636: 6629: 6622: 6615: 6608: 6601: 6594: 6587: 6580: 6573: 6566: 6559: 6552: 6545: 6538: 6531: 6524: 6517: 6510: 6503: 6496: 6489: 6482: 6475: 6468: 6461: 6454: 6447: 6440: 6433: 6426: 6419: 6412: 6405: 6398: 6391: 6384: 6377: 6370: 6363: 6356: 6349: 6342: 6335: 6328: 6321: 6308: 6301: 6294: 6287: 6280: 6273: 6266: 6259: 6252: 6245: 6238: 6231: 6224: 6217: 6210: 6203: 6196: 6183: 6173: 6138: 6125: 6121: 6110: 6100: 6091: 6087: 6064: 6049: 6040: 6032: 6021: 6013: 6003: 5994: 5986: 5983: 5975: 5966: 5958: 5947: 5939: 5929: 5920: 5912: 5902: 5893: 5885: 5881: 5871: 5862: 5854: 5844: 5835: 5827: 5812: 5808: 5806:Sir John Turner 5799: 5791: 5789:Sir John Turner 5787: 5777: 5775:Sir John Turner 5773: 5759: 5757: 5749: 5745: 5743:Sir John Turner 5728: 5726:Horatio Walpole 5724: 5711: 5706: 5701: 5694: 5692: 5684: 5680: 5631: 5617:Coxe, William. 5614: 5612:Primary sources 5546:Williams, Basil 5528: 5459: 5394: 5361: 5342: 5287: 5268: 5266:Further reading 5263: 5254: 5228: 5125: 5068: 5063: 5062: 5051: 5047: 5037: 5035: 5026: 5022: 5015: 4997: 4993: 4978: 4974: 4966: 4962: 4958:(1738, p. 324). 4938: 4934: 4922: 4918: 4913: 4909: 4894: 4890: 4875: 4871: 4856: 4852: 4837: 4833: 4818: 4814: 4807: 4803: 4785: 4781: 4773: 4750: 4738: 4737: 4733: 4721: 4717: 4709: 4705: 4700: 4696: 4685: 4676: 4671: 4667: 4657: 4655: 4647: 4646: 4639: 4622: 4620: 4618: 4596:Kramnick, Isaac 4593: 4589: 4582: 4568: 4564: 4554: 4552: 4543: 4542: 4538: 4522: 4521: 4513: 4509: 4496: 4495: 4491: 4472: 4468: 4462:Franklin (1993) 4460: 4456: 4450:Franklin (1993) 4448: 4444: 4433: 4429: 4419: 4401: 4397: 4386: 4382: 4372: 4370: 4362: 4361: 4357: 4352: 4348: 4338: 4336: 4328: 4327: 4320: 4297: 4293: 4287:Browning (1975) 4285: 4281: 4258: 4254: 4244: 4242: 4234: 4233: 4226: 4216: 4214: 4209: 4208: 4204: 4189: 4185: 4172: 4168: 4153:Laybourn, Keith 4150: 4146: 4131:10.2307/2709276 4115: 4111: 4072: 4068: 4060: 4056: 4048: 4041: 4031: 4029: 4022: 4018: 4008: 4006: 4000: 3999: 3992: 3981: 3974: 3967: 3951: 3947: 3934: 3930: 3920: 3918: 3910: 3909: 3905: 3894: 3890: 3867: 3863: 3853: 3835: 3831: 3820: 3816: 3796: 3792: 3782: 3780: 3772: 3771: 3767: 3757: 3755: 3747: 3746: 3742: 3729: 3728: 3724: 3716: 3707: 3696: 3692: 3681: 3677: 3666: 3662: 3652: 3650: 3646: 3645: 3638: 3628: 3626: 3618: 3617: 3613: 3605: 3601: 3591: 3589: 3585: 3584: 3580: 3570: 3568: 3559: 3558: 3554: 3544: 3542: 3534: 3533: 3529: 3519: 3517: 3505: 3501: 3491: 3489: 3479: 3475: 3462: 3455: 3445: 3443: 3433: 3426: 3416: 3414: 3405: 3404: 3400: 3390: 3388: 3380: 3379: 3375: 3365: 3363: 3355: 3354: 3350: 3342: 3338: 3328: 3326: 3312: 3301: 3291: 3289: 3279: 3275: 3267: 3246: 3236: 3234: 3226: 3225: 3221: 3210: 3206: 3194: 3190: 3178: 3174: 3166: 3159: 3151: 3147: 3137: 3135: 3122: 3118: 3108: 3106: 3099: 3095: 3085: 3083: 3074: 3073: 3069: 3056: 3054: 3049: 3048: 3044: 3022: 3015: 3005: 3003: 2996: 2989: 2980: 2976: 2968: 2961: 2953: 2946: 2935: 2931: 2923: 2919: 2911: 2907: 2897: 2895: 2885: 2878: 2870: 2861: 2844: 2843: 2839: 2831: 2824: 2816: 2809: 2801: 2797: 2790: 2774: 2770: 2765:. p. 1338. 2756: 2752: 2742: 2740: 2731: 2730: 2719: 2708: 2704: 2693: 2689: 2675: 2671: 2647: 2646: 2642: 2637: 2632: 2631: 2616:Extinct Peerage 2613: 2609: 2604: 2600: 2594: 2590: 2576: 2572: 2568:Court. ... 2566: 2562: 2556: 2552: 2539: 2535: 2530: 2508: 2427: 2403:King George III 2375:Dorothy Clement 2361:Aix-en-Provence 2320: 2314: 2273:Horatio Walpole 2250: 2245: 2108:Walpole's reign 2101: 2058:Lord Wilmington 2042: 1984:pocket boroughs 1942:Prince of Wales 1930:Nicholas Paxton 1910: 1898:Laurence Eusden 1890:Benjamin Hoadly 1829: 1779: 1769:, creating the 1751: 1745: 1707:William Hogarth 1664:Bank of England 1648: 1642: 1581: 1580: 1579: 1573: 1514: 1509: 1507: 1485: 1479: 1476: 1469:needs expansion 1450: 1426: 1422: 1415: 1385:Leicester House 1255: 1247:Main articles: 1245: 1232:Tower of London 1142: 1137: 1131:as seen today. 1117: 1062: 1049:H. T. Dickinson 969: 965: 939: 887: 851: 850: 834: 830: 827: 817: 801: 797: 794: 771:Political party 756:London, England 755: 751: 738: 732: 730: 692:Horatio Walpole 686: 674: 668: 663: 654: 641: 636:Sir John Turner 631: 625: 620: 610: 598: 592: 587: 575: 565: 559: 554: 545: 534: 528: 523: 507: 477: 465: 459: 454: 435: 423: 417: 412: 395: 390: 372: 366: 361: 349: 337: 331: 326: 310: 294: 282: 276: 271: 259: 247: 241: 236: 217: 205: 199: 194: 184: 178:Charles Spencer 172: 166: 161: 142: 130: 125: 103: 98: 82: 79: 60: 51: 49: 46: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 10163: 10153: 10152: 10147: 10142: 10137: 10132: 10127: 10125:Walpole family 10122: 10117: 10112: 10107: 10102: 10097: 10092: 10087: 10082: 10077: 10072: 10067: 10062: 10057: 10052: 10047: 10042: 10037: 10032: 10027: 10022: 10017: 10012: 10007: 10002: 9997: 9992: 9987: 9982: 9977: 9972: 9967: 9962: 9957: 9952: 9947: 9942: 9937: 9932: 9927: 9922: 9920:Robert Walpole 9905: 9904: 9899: 9898: 9895: 9894: 9892: 9891: 9886: 9881: 9879:Robert Walpole 9875: 9873: 9866: 9865: 9860: 9855: 9850: 9845: 9840: 9835: 9830: 9825: 9820: 9815: 9810: 9805: 9800: 9795: 9790: 9785: 9780: 9775: 9770: 9765: 9760: 9755: 9750: 9745: 9740: 9735: 9730: 9725: 9720: 9715: 9710: 9705: 9700: 9698:Duke of Atholl 9695: 9690: 9685: 9680: 9675: 9670: 9665: 9660: 9655: 9650: 9645: 9640: 9635: 9633:Hugh Warburton 9630: 9625: 9620: 9615: 9610: 9608:Jacques Leblon 9605: 9600: 9595: 9590: 9585: 9580: 9575: 9570: 9565: 9560: 9558:William Becket 9555: 9550: 9545: 9540: 9535: 9530: 9528:Frank Nicholls 9525: 9520: 9515: 9510: 9505: 9500: 9495: 9490: 9485: 9480: 9475: 9470: 9465: 9460: 9455: 9450: 9448:John Arbuthnot 9445: 9440: 9435: 9430: 9425: 9420: 9415: 9410: 9405: 9400: 9395: 9393:James Anderson 9389: 9387: 9383: 9382: 9380: 9379: 9374: 9369: 9364: 9359: 9349: 9344: 9339: 9334: 9329: 9324: 9319: 9314: 9309: 9304: 9299: 9294: 9283: 9278: 9273: 9267: 9265: 9259: 9258: 9256: 9255: 9252:Duke of Sussex 9249: 9243: 9237: 9231: 9225: 9219: 9213: 9207: 9201: 9195: 9189: 9183: 9180:Lord Cranstoun 9177: 9171: 9168:Earl of Morton 9165: 9159: 9153: 9147: 9141: 9135: 9129: 9123: 9117: 9111: 9105: 9099: 9096:Baron Kingston 9093: 9090:Baron Colerane 9087: 9081: 9075: 9069: 9063: 9057: 9051: 9048: 9042: 9036: 9029: 9027: 9019: 9018: 9016:(1813–present) 9007: 9004: 9003: 8996: 8995: 8988: 8981: 8973: 8964: 8963: 8961: 8960: 8953: 8951: 8945: 8944: 8942: 8941: 8935: 8928: 8926: 8920: 8919: 8917: 8916: 8910: 8903: 8901: 8895: 8894: 8892: 8891: 8885: 8878: 8876: 8870: 8869: 8867: 8866: 8860: 8854: 8847: 8845: 8839: 8838: 8836: 8835: 8829: 8822: 8820: 8814: 8813: 8811: 8810: 8804: 8798: 8792: 8785: 8783: 8777: 8776: 8774: 8773: 8767: 8760: 8758: 8752: 8751: 8749: 8748: 8742: 8735: 8733: 8727: 8726: 8724: 8723: 8717: 8710: 8708: 8702: 8701: 8699: 8698: 8691: 8689: 8683: 8682: 8670: 8668: 8666: 8665: 8658: 8656: 8642: 8641: 8625: 8624: 8617: 8610: 8602: 8593: 8592: 8590: 8589: 8582: 8580: 8574: 8573: 8571: 8570: 8564: 8558: 8551: 8549: 8543: 8542: 8540: 8539: 8532: 8530: 8524: 8523: 8521: 8520: 8514: 8507: 8505: 8499: 8498: 8496: 8495: 8489: 8482: 8480: 8474: 8473: 8471: 8470: 8464: 8458: 8452: 8446: 8439: 8437: 8431: 8430: 8428: 8427: 8421: 8414: 8412: 8406: 8405: 8403: 8402: 8396: 8390: 8383: 8381: 8375: 8374: 8372: 8371: 8364: 8362: 8356: 8355: 8348: 8346: 8344: 8343: 8336: 8334: 8328: 8327: 8320:Prime Minister 8312: 8311: 8304: 8297: 8289: 8280: 8279: 8277: 8276: 8271: 8266: 8261: 8256: 8251: 8246: 8241: 8236: 8231: 8226: 8221: 8216: 8211: 8206: 8201: 8196: 8191: 8186: 8181: 8176: 8171: 8166: 8161: 8156: 8151: 8149:St John-Stevas 8146: 8141: 8136: 8131: 8126: 8121: 8116: 8111: 8106: 8101: 8096: 8091: 8086: 8081: 8076: 8071: 8066: 8061: 8059:N. Chamberlain 8056: 8051: 8046: 8041: 8036: 8031: 8026: 8024:A. Chamberlain 8021: 8016: 8011: 8006: 8001: 7996: 7991: 7986: 7981: 7976: 7971: 7966: 7961: 7956: 7951: 7946: 7941: 7936: 7931: 7926: 7921: 7916: 7911: 7906: 7901: 7896: 7891: 7886: 7881: 7876: 7871: 7866: 7861: 7856: 7851: 7840: 7835: 7830: 7825: 7820: 7815: 7810: 7805: 7803:Pitt the Elder 7800: 7793: 7791:Pitt the Elder 7788: 7783: 7778: 7773: 7768: 7762: 7759: 7758: 7751: 7750: 7743: 7736: 7728: 7719: 7718: 7709: 7706: 7705: 7703: 7702: 7697: 7692: 7687: 7682: 7677: 7672: 7667: 7662: 7657: 7652: 7647: 7642: 7637: 7632: 7627: 7622: 7617: 7612: 7607: 7602: 7597: 7592: 7587: 7582: 7577: 7572: 7567: 7562: 7557: 7552: 7547: 7542: 7540:N. Chamberlain 7537: 7532: 7527: 7522: 7520:N. Chamberlain 7517: 7512: 7507: 7505:A. Chamberlain 7502: 7497: 7492: 7487: 7482: 7480:A. Chamberlain 7477: 7472: 7467: 7462: 7457: 7452: 7447: 7442: 7437: 7432: 7427: 7422: 7417: 7412: 7407: 7402: 7397: 7392: 7387: 7382: 7377: 7372: 7367: 7362: 7357: 7350: 7345: 7340: 7335: 7328: 7323: 7318: 7312: 7310: 7308:United Kingdom 7302: 7301: 7299: 7298: 7293: 7288: 7283: 7276: 7271: 7266: 7261: 7256: 7251: 7246: 7241: 7236: 7231: 7226: 7221: 7216: 7211: 7204: 7199: 7194: 7189: 7182: 7177: 7172: 7167: 7160: 7155: 7150: 7145: 7140: 7135: 7130: 7125: 7120: 7114: 7112: 7106: 7105: 7103: 7102: 7097: 7092: 7087: 7082: 7077: 7072: 7067: 7062: 7057: 7052: 7047: 7042: 7037: 7032: 7027: 7022: 7017: 7012: 7007: 7002: 6997: 6992: 6987: 6982: 6977: 6972: 6967: 6962: 6957: 6952: 6947: 6942: 6937: 6932: 6927: 6922: 6917: 6912: 6907: 6902: 6897: 6892: 6887: 6882: 6877: 6872: 6867: 6862: 6857: 6852: 6846: 6844: 6838: 6837: 6830: 6829: 6822: 6815: 6807: 6798: 6797: 6795: 6794: 6781: 6778: 6777: 6775: 6774: 6767: 6760: 6753: 6746: 6739: 6732: 6725: 6718: 6711: 6704: 6697: 6690: 6683: 6676: 6669: 6662: 6655: 6648: 6641: 6634: 6627: 6620: 6613: 6606: 6599: 6592: 6585: 6578: 6571: 6564: 6557: 6550: 6543: 6536: 6529: 6522: 6515: 6508: 6501: 6494: 6487: 6480: 6473: 6466: 6459: 6452: 6445: 6438: 6431: 6424: 6417: 6410: 6403: 6396: 6389: 6382: 6375: 6368: 6361: 6354: 6347: 6344:Lord Grenville 6340: 6333: 6326: 6318: 6316: 6314:United Kingdom 6310: 6309: 6307: 6306: 6299: 6292: 6285: 6278: 6271: 6264: 6257: 6250: 6243: 6236: 6229: 6222: 6215: 6208: 6201: 6193: 6191: 6185: 6184: 6172: 6171: 6164: 6157: 6149: 6143: 6140: 6139: 6128: 6127: 6113: 6112: 6102: 6101: 6098:Robert Walpole 6096: 6093: 6084:Earl of Orford 6080: 6074: 6073: 6067: 6066: 6057: 6051: 6050: 6045: 6042: 6033: 6030:Sir John Pratt 6028: 6024: 6023: 6014: 6009: 6005: 6004: 5999: 5996: 5987: 5984: 5977: 5976: 5971: 5968: 5959: 5954: 5950: 5949: 5940: 5935: 5931: 5930: 5925: 5922: 5913: 5908: 5904: 5903: 5898: 5895: 5886: 5877: 5873: 5872: 5869:Charles Caesar 5867: 5864: 5855: 5850: 5846: 5845: 5840: 5837: 5828: 5823: 5819: 5818: 5814: 5813: 5804: 5801: 5792: 5783: 5779: 5778: 5769: 5766: 5750: 5741: 5737: 5736: 5730: 5729: 5720: 5717: 5685: 5678:Robert Walpole 5676: 5672: 5671: 5663: 5662: 5657: 5647: 5642: 5637: 5630: 5629:External links 5627: 5626: 5625: 5613: 5610: 5609: 5608: 5607: 5606: 5596: 5586: 5576: 5566: 5543: 5540:online edition 5532: 5526: 5510: 5501: 5473: 5463: 5457: 5444: 5416: 5409: 5398: 5392: 5379: 5365: 5359: 5346: 5340: 5325: 5318: 5298: 5291: 5285: 5267: 5264: 5262: 5261: 5235: 5209: 5200: 5191: 5170: 5159: 5156:Robin's Reign 5147: 5138: 5129: 5123: 5107:Browning, Reed 5103: 5082: 5069: 5067: 5064: 5061: 5060: 5045: 5020: 5013: 4991: 4972: 4960: 4932: 4916: 4907: 4888: 4869: 4850: 4831: 4812: 4801: 4779: 4777:, p. 205. 4748: 4731: 4715: 4703: 4694: 4674: 4665: 4637: 4633:or Robinarchy. 4616: 4587: 4580: 4562: 4536: 4507: 4489: 4466: 4454: 4452:, p. 114. 4442: 4427: 4395: 4380: 4355: 4346: 4318: 4291: 4289:, p. 117. 4279: 4252: 4224: 4202: 4183: 4166: 4144: 4125:(4): 601–614. 4109: 4088:10.1086/388315 4082:(3): 239–255. 4066: 4054: 4039: 4016: 3990: 3972: 3965: 3945: 3928: 3903: 3888: 3861: 3829: 3814: 3790: 3765: 3740: 3722: 3720:, p. 190. 3705: 3690: 3685:Jonathan Swift 3675: 3660: 3636: 3611: 3609:, p. 188. 3599: 3578: 3552: 3527: 3499: 3473: 3453: 3424: 3398: 3373: 3348: 3346:, p. 186. 3336: 3299: 3273: 3271:, p. 187. 3244: 3219: 3204: 3188: 3172: 3170:, p. 185. 3157: 3145: 3116: 3093: 3067: 3042: 3013: 2987: 2974: 2972:, p. 184. 2959: 2957:, p. 183. 2944: 2929: 2917: 2905: 2876: 2874:, p. 180. 2859: 2837: 2822: 2820:, p. 179. 2807: 2795: 2788: 2768: 2750: 2717: 2714:. p. 410. 2702: 2687: 2684:. p. 203. 2669: 2639: 2638: 2636: 2633: 2630: 2629: 2627: 2626: 2607: 2598: 2588: 2570: 2560: 2550: 2532: 2531: 2529: 2526: 2525: 2524: 2519: 2514: 2512:Baron Delamere 2507: 2504: 2503: 2502: 2501: 2500: 2493: 2471:Windsor Castle 2426: 2425:Maria Skerritt 2423: 2422: 2421: 2415: 2414: 2413: 2406: 2388: 2381: 2371:Edward Walpole 2368: 2353: 2350: 2333:Margaret Rolle 2322: 2321: 2249: 2246: 2244: 2241: 2193:Walpole built 2100: 2097: 2089:Horace Walpole 2041: 2038: 2026:Earl of Orford 2004:Duke of Argyll 1973:Robert Jenkins 1938:Queen Caroline 1909: 1906: 1886:William Arnall 1870:Porteous riots 1828: 1825: 1821:Samuel Johnson 1817:Henry Fielding 1813:Alexander Pope 1809:Jonathan Swift 1804:Beggar's Opera 1778: 1775: 1759:Queen Caroline 1744: 1741: 1641: 1638: 1588: 1587: 1586: 1583: 1582: 1574: 1568: 1567: 1566: 1563: 1562: 1557: 1551: 1550: 1545: 1541: 1540: 1535: 1531: 1530: 1521: 1517: 1516: 1504: 1503: 1500: 1499: 1487: 1486: 1466: 1464: 1452: 1451: 1429: 1427: 1420: 1414: 1411: 1342:Queen Caroline 1338:maid-of-honour 1334:Knight Marshal 1322:George II 1244: 1241: 1237:Richard Steele 1228:House of Lords 1181:Lord Godolphin 1158:pocket borough 1141: 1138: 1136: 1133: 1116: 1113: 1109:Walpole estate 1101:King's Scholar 1070:Robert Walpole 1061: 1058: 1037:country squire 957: 956: 953: 952: 945: 941: 940: 938: 937: 934: 931: 927: 925: 921: 920: 915: 909: 908: 903: 899: 898: 896:Walpole family 893: 889: 888: 886: 885: 878: 876: 872: 871: 857: 853: 852: 832: 828: 823: 822: 821: 820: 799: 795: 790: 789: 788: 787: 784: 782: 778: 777: 772: 768: 767: 762: 758: 757: 754:(aged 68) 748: 744: 743: 737:26 August 1676 728: 724: 723: 719: 718: 715: 714: 711: 710: 707: 706: 703: 702: 699: 698: 695: 694: 689: 683: 682: 680:Robert Walpole 677: 671: 670: 660: 659: 650: 649: 644: 638: 637: 634: 628: 627: 617: 616: 613: 607: 606: 601: 595: 594: 584: 583: 578: 572: 571: 568: 562: 561: 551: 550: 541: 540: 537: 531: 530: 520: 519: 513: 512: 509: 508: 505: 498: 497: 494: 493: 490: 489: 486: 485: 480: 474: 473: 468: 462: 461: 451: 450: 444: 443: 441:Charles Caesar 438: 432: 431: 426: 420: 419: 409: 408: 402: 401: 398: 392: 391: 389: 388: 383: 377: 375: 369: 368: 358: 357: 352: 346: 345: 340: 334: 333: 323: 322: 316: 315: 312: 311: 308: 301: 300: 297: 291: 290: 285: 279: 278: 268: 267: 262: 256: 255: 253:Sir John Pratt 250: 244: 243: 233: 232: 226: 225: 220: 214: 213: 208: 202: 201: 191: 190: 187: 181: 180: 175: 169: 168: 158: 157: 151: 150: 145: 139: 138: 133: 127: 126: 124: 123: 118: 112: 110: 106: 105: 95: 94: 88: 87: 84: 83: 70: 62: 61: 50: 47: 42: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 10162: 10151: 10148: 10146: 10143: 10141: 10138: 10136: 10133: 10131: 10128: 10126: 10123: 10121: 10120:Richmond Park 10118: 10116: 10113: 10111: 10108: 10106: 10103: 10101: 10098: 10096: 10093: 10091: 10088: 10086: 10083: 10081: 10078: 10076: 10073: 10071: 10068: 10066: 10063: 10061: 10058: 10056: 10053: 10051: 10048: 10046: 10043: 10041: 10038: 10036: 10033: 10031: 10028: 10026: 10023: 10021: 10018: 10016: 10013: 10011: 10008: 10006: 10003: 10001: 9998: 9996: 9993: 9991: 9988: 9986: 9983: 9981: 9978: 9976: 9973: 9971: 9968: 9966: 9963: 9961: 9958: 9956: 9953: 9951: 9948: 9946: 9943: 9941: 9938: 9936: 9933: 9931: 9928: 9926: 9923: 9921: 9918: 9917: 9915: 9890: 9887: 9885: 9882: 9880: 9877: 9876: 9874: 9870: 9864: 9861: 9859: 9856: 9854: 9853:Meyer Solomon 9851: 9849: 9846: 9844: 9841: 9839: 9836: 9834: 9831: 9829: 9826: 9824: 9821: 9819: 9818:Johan Zoffany 9816: 9814: 9811: 9809: 9806: 9804: 9801: 9799: 9798:Batty Langley 9796: 9794: 9791: 9789: 9786: 9784: 9781: 9779: 9776: 9774: 9771: 9769: 9766: 9764: 9761: 9759: 9758:Edward Gibbon 9756: 9754: 9753:Thomas Wright 9751: 9749: 9746: 9744: 9741: 9739: 9736: 9734: 9731: 9729: 9726: 9724: 9721: 9719: 9716: 9714: 9711: 9709: 9706: 9704: 9701: 9699: 9696: 9694: 9691: 9689: 9686: 9684: 9681: 9679: 9676: 9674: 9671: 9669: 9668:Earl of Essex 9666: 9664: 9661: 9659: 9656: 9654: 9651: 9649: 9648:Martin Bladen 9646: 9644: 9641: 9639: 9636: 9634: 9631: 9629: 9626: 9624: 9621: 9619: 9616: 9614: 9611: 9609: 9606: 9604: 9601: 9599: 9596: 9594: 9591: 9589: 9588:John Woodward 9586: 9584: 9581: 9579: 9576: 9574: 9573:Charles Hayes 9571: 9569: 9566: 9564: 9561: 9559: 9556: 9554: 9551: 9549: 9546: 9544: 9541: 9539: 9536: 9534: 9531: 9529: 9526: 9524: 9521: 9519: 9516: 9514: 9511: 9509: 9508:James Douglas 9506: 9504: 9501: 9499: 9496: 9494: 9491: 9489: 9486: 9484: 9481: 9479: 9476: 9474: 9473:William Rutty 9471: 9469: 9466: 9464: 9461: 9459: 9456: 9454: 9451: 9449: 9446: 9444: 9443:Martin Folkes 9441: 9439: 9436: 9434: 9431: 9429: 9426: 9424: 9421: 9419: 9416: 9414: 9411: 9409: 9408:William Jones 9406: 9404: 9401: 9399: 9396: 9394: 9391: 9390: 9388: 9384: 9378: 9375: 9373: 9370: 9368: 9367:Hellfire Club 9365: 9363: 9360: 9357: 9353: 9350: 9348: 9345: 9343: 9340: 9338: 9335: 9333: 9330: 9328: 9325: 9323: 9320: 9318: 9315: 9313: 9310: 9308: 9307:Royal Society 9305: 9303: 9300: 9298: 9295: 9292: 9291: 9287: 9284: 9282: 9279: 9277: 9274: 9272: 9269: 9268: 9266: 9260: 9253: 9250: 9247: 9244: 9241: 9238: 9235: 9232: 9229: 9226: 9223: 9220: 9217: 9216:Baron Blayney 9214: 9211: 9208: 9205: 9204:Lord Aberdour 9202: 9199: 9196: 9193: 9190: 9187: 9184: 9181: 9178: 9175: 9172: 9169: 9166: 9163: 9160: 9157: 9156:Baron Raymond 9154: 9151: 9148: 9145: 9142: 9139: 9136: 9133: 9132:Lord Weymouth 9130: 9127: 9124: 9121: 9118: 9115: 9112: 9109: 9106: 9103: 9100: 9097: 9094: 9091: 9088: 9085: 9082: 9079: 9076: 9073: 9070: 9067: 9064: 9061: 9058: 9055: 9052: 9049: 9046: 9043: 9040: 9037: 9034: 9033:Anthony Sayer 9031: 9030: 9028: 9026: 9020: 9015: 9011: 9005: 9001: 8994: 8989: 8987: 8982: 8980: 8975: 8974: 8971: 8958: 8955: 8954: 8952: 8950: 8946: 8939: 8936: 8933: 8930: 8929: 8927: 8925: 8921: 8914: 8911: 8908: 8905: 8904: 8902: 8900: 8896: 8889: 8886: 8883: 8880: 8879: 8877: 8875: 8871: 8864: 8861: 8858: 8855: 8852: 8849: 8848: 8846: 8844: 8840: 8833: 8830: 8827: 8824: 8823: 8821: 8819: 8815: 8808: 8805: 8802: 8799: 8796: 8793: 8790: 8787: 8786: 8784: 8782: 8778: 8771: 8768: 8765: 8762: 8761: 8759: 8757: 8753: 8746: 8745:The Lord King 8743: 8740: 8737: 8736: 8734: 8732: 8728: 8721: 8718: 8715: 8712: 8711: 8709: 8707: 8703: 8696: 8693: 8692: 8690: 8688: 8684: 8679: 8674: 8663: 8660: 8659: 8657: 8655: 8651: 8647: 8643: 8638: 8634: 8630: 8623: 8618: 8616: 8611: 8609: 8604: 8603: 8600: 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4004: 3997: 3995: 3986: 3979: 3977: 3968: 3966:9780521078146 3962: 3958: 3957: 3949: 3942:. p. 66. 3941: 3940: 3932: 3917: 3913: 3907: 3899: 3892: 3884: 3880: 3876: 3872: 3871:Prose Studies 3865: 3857: 3850: 3846: 3842: 3841: 3833: 3825: 3818: 3811: 3807: 3803: 3802: 3794: 3779: 3775: 3769: 3754: 3750: 3744: 3736: 3732: 3726: 3719: 3718:Leadam (1899) 3714: 3712: 3710: 3701: 3694: 3686: 3679: 3671: 3664: 3649: 3643: 3641: 3625: 3621: 3615: 3608: 3607:Leadam (1899) 3603: 3588: 3582: 3566: 3562: 3556: 3541: 3537: 3531: 3516: 3515: 3510: 3503: 3488: 3484: 3477: 3470: 3469:Lord Midleton 3466: 3460: 3458: 3442: 3438: 3431: 3429: 3412: 3408: 3402: 3387: 3383: 3377: 3362: 3358: 3352: 3345: 3344:Leadam (1899) 3340: 3324: 3320: 3316: 3310: 3308: 3306: 3304: 3288: 3284: 3277: 3270: 3269:Leadam (1899) 3265: 3263: 3261: 3259: 3257: 3255: 3253: 3251: 3249: 3233: 3229: 3223: 3215: 3208: 3201: 3197: 3192: 3185: 3181: 3176: 3169: 3168:Leadam (1899) 3164: 3162: 3154: 3149: 3133: 3129: 3128: 3120: 3104: 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Episode 1. 2851: 2847: 2841: 2834: 2829: 2827: 2819: 2818:Leadam (1899) 2814: 2812: 2804: 2803:Leadam (1899) 2799: 2791: 2789:9780199666423 2785: 2781: 2780: 2772: 2764: 2760: 2754: 2738: 2734: 2728: 2726: 2724: 2722: 2713: 2706: 2699:. p. 71. 2698: 2691: 2683: 2679: 2673: 2665: 2661: 2657: 2655: 2650: 2649:"Robinocracy" 2644: 2640: 2624: 2623: 2621: 2617: 2611: 2602: 2592: 2585: 2581: 2574: 2564: 2554: 2547: 2543: 2537: 2533: 2523: 2520: 2518: 2515: 2513: 2510: 2509: 2498: 2494: 2491: 2487: 2483: 2479: 2475: 2474: 2472: 2468: 2464: 2460: 2459: 2458: 2455: 2454:Houghton Hall 2451: 2450:Richmond Park 2447: 2443: 2442:Maria Skeritt 2436: 2431: 2419: 2416: 2411: 2407: 2404: 2400: 2397:and secondly 2396: 2392: 2391:Maria Walpole 2389: 2386: 2382: 2379: 2378: 2376: 2372: 2369: 2366: 2362: 2358: 2354: 2351: 2348: 2344: 2340: 2339: 2334: 2330: 2327: 2326: 2325: 2317: 2316: 2315: 2312: 2308: 2304: 2303: 2298: 2294: 2290: 2286: 2282: 2278: 2274: 2270: 2269:Ashford, Kent 2266: 2259: 2254: 2240: 2238: 2234: 2230: 2229:Wolverhampton 2225: 2223: 2218: 2216: 2212: 2208: 2204: 2200: 2196: 2195:Houghton Hall 2191: 2189: 2184: 2180: 2177: 2172: 2170: 2166: 2162: 2155: 2152: 2147: 2145: 2144: 2136: 2134: 2130: 2126: 2121: 2118: 2109: 2105: 2096: 2094: 2090: 2086: 2082: 2077: 2073: 2069: 2067: 2063: 2062:Lord Carteret 2059: 2051: 2046: 2037: 2033: 2031: 2030:Baron Walpole 2027: 2022: 2018: 2014: 2008: 2005: 2001: 1997: 1993: 1992:1734 election 1989: 1985: 1981: 1976: 1974: 1970: 1966: 1962: 1957: 1955: 1951: 1947: 1943: 1939: 1931: 1926: 1919: 1914: 1905: 1903: 1902:Colley Cibber 1899: 1895: 1894:poet laureate 1891: 1887: 1883: 1882:country party 1878: 1876: 1871: 1867: 1863: 1857: 1854: 1849: 1842: 1838: 1833: 1824: 1822: 1818: 1814: 1810: 1806: 1805: 1800: 1796: 1795:Jonathan Wild 1792: 1791:The Craftsman 1788: 1784: 1783:Country Party 1774: 1772: 1768: 1764: 1760: 1756: 1750: 1740: 1738: 1734: 1729: 1724: 1722: 1721: 1716: 1708: 1704: 1700: 1699:Arthur Onslow 1695: 1691: 1688: 1684: 1680: 1676: 1671: 1669: 1665: 1661: 1657: 1653: 1647: 1637: 1635: 1634:Lord Carteret 1630: 1624: 1622: 1618: 1614: 1610: 1606: 1605:John Aislabie 1601: 1599: 1595: 1584: 1578: → 1577: 1572: 1569:← 1564: 1561: 1558: 1556: 1552: 1549: 1546: 1542: 1539: 1536: 1532: 1529: 1525: 1522: 1518: 1512: 1505: 1501: 1497: 1492: 1483: 1474: 1470: 1467:This section 1465: 1462: 1458: 1457: 1448: 1447:(August 2024) 1443: 1439: 1438: 1433: 1428: 1419: 1418: 1410: 1408: 1404: 1400: 1395: 1393: 1388: 1386: 1381: 1379: 1375: 1369: 1367: 1363: 1358: 1354: 1349: 1347: 1346:Richmond Park 1343: 1339: 1335: 1331: 1327: 1323: 1319: 1315: 1311: 1306: 1304: 1300: 1296: 1292: 1288: 1284: 1280: 1276: 1272: 1268: 1264: 1263:second cousin 1260: 1254: 1250: 1240: 1238: 1233: 1229: 1224: 1219: 1217: 1213: 1212:Robert Harley 1209: 1205: 1201: 1196: 1194: 1190: 1186: 1182: 1178: 1174: 1170: 1166: 1161: 1159: 1155: 1151: 1150:Castle Rising 1147: 1132: 1130: 1129:Houghton Hall 1126: 1122: 1112: 1110: 1106: 1102: 1098: 1094: 1089: 1087: 1083: 1079: 1075: 1074:Castle Rising 1071: 1067: 1057: 1055: 1050: 1045: 1043: 1038: 1034: 1029: 1026: 1022: 1018: 1014: 1009: 1007: 1003: 999: 995: 991: 987: 984: 980: 975: 968: 963: 954: 950: 946: 942: 935: 932: 929: 928: 926: 922: 919: 916: 914: 910: 907: 904: 900: 897: 894: 890: 883: 880: 879: 877: 873: 870: 866: 862: 859:6, including 858: 854: 826: 825:Maria Skerret 819: 818: 793: 786: 785: 783: 779: 776: 773: 769: 766: 763: 761:Resting place 759: 750:18 March 1745 749: 745: 741: 729: 725: 720: 716: 712: 708: 704: 700: 693: 690: 684: 681: 678: 672: 666: 661: 658: 657:Castle Rising 651: 648: 645: 639: 635: 629: 623: 618: 614: 608: 605: 602: 596: 590: 585: 582: 579: 573: 569: 563: 557: 552: 549: 542: 539:Samuel Sandys 538: 532: 526: 521: 518: 514: 510: 503: 499: 495: 491: 484: 481: 475: 472: 471:Henry St John 469: 463: 457: 452: 449: 445: 442: 439: 433: 430: 427: 421: 415: 410: 407: 403: 399: 393: 387: 384: 382: 379: 378: 376: 370: 364: 359: 356: 353: 347: 344: 341: 335: 329: 324: 321: 317: 313: 306: 302: 298: 292: 289: 286: 280: 274: 269: 266: 265:Samuel Sandys 263: 257: 254: 251: 245: 239: 234: 231: 227: 224: 221: 215: 212: 209: 203: 197: 192: 188: 182: 179: 176: 170: 164: 159: 156: 152: 149: 146: 140: 137: 134: 128: 122: 119: 117: 114: 113: 111: 107: 101: 96: 93: 89: 85: 74: 68: 63: 58: 54: 45: 40: 37: 33: 19: 9884:Henry Pelham 9878: 9848:Moses Mendez 9823:John Coustos 9813:Joseph Banks 9763:Baron Hervey 9478:James Vernon 9438:Brook Taylor 9356:Kit-Cat Club 9346: 9332:Newtonianism 9288: 9210:Earl Ferrers 9108:Baron Lovell 9078:Lord Paisley 9039:George Payne 8899:Lord Steward 8661: 8632: 8547:Lord Steward 8536:Henry Pelham 8322: 8064:W. Churchill 7979:R. Churchill 7795: 7765: 7710: 7585:Thorneycroft 7530:W. Churchill 7490:Lloyd George 7455:R. Churchill 7352: 7330: 7280:Ellenborough 7278: 7214:Bilson-Legge 7206: 7202:Bilson-Legge 7192:Bilson-Legge 7184: 7169: 7162: 7147: 6673:Douglas-Home 6582:Lloyd George 6247:G. Grenville 6197: 6122: 6116: 6105: 6089:2nd creation 6088: 6082: 6078:New creation 6077: 6059: 6054: 6035: 6016: 5989: 5980: 5961: 5942: 5915: 5888: 5883:Thomas Moore 5857: 5830: 5810:Edward Bacon 5794: 5761: 5752: 5703:Robert Cecil 5696: 5687: 5618: 5599: 5589: 5579: 5569: 5559: 5549: 5535: 5517: 5505: 5491: 5487: 5483: 5477: 5469: 5466:Plumb, J. H. 5448: 5426:John Adamson 5424:(Cambridge, 5420: 5412: 5401: 5383: 5368: 5350: 5330: 5321: 5311: 5294: 5276: 5239: 5213: 5204: 5195: 5184: 5164: 5155: 5151: 5142: 5133: 5112: 5090: 5086: 5077: 5054: 5048: 5036:. Retrieved 5030: 5023: 5000: 4994: 4981: 4975: 4963: 4955: 4951: 4947: 4943: 4940:Leadam (1899 4935: 4927: 4924:Leadam (1899 4919: 4910: 4897: 4891: 4878: 4872: 4859: 4853: 4840: 4834: 4821: 4815: 4804: 4796: 4792: 4782: 4743: 4734: 4726: 4723:Leadam (1899 4718: 4706: 4697: 4688: 4668: 4658:10 September 4656:. Retrieved 4652: 4630: 4628: 4621:. Retrieved 4601: 4590: 4571: 4565: 4555:10 September 4553:. Retrieved 4548: 4539: 4516: 4510: 4501: 4492: 4477: 4469: 4457: 4445: 4436: 4430: 4404: 4398: 4389: 4383: 4371:. Retrieved 4367: 4358: 4349: 4339:10 September 4337:. Retrieved 4333: 4304: 4300: 4294: 4282: 4265: 4261: 4255: 4245:10 September 4243:. Retrieved 4239: 4217:10 September 4215:. Retrieved 4205: 4192: 4186: 4176: 4169: 4156: 4147: 4122: 4118: 4112: 4079: 4075: 4069: 4062:Leadam (1899 4057: 4030:. Retrieved 4019: 4007:. Retrieved 3984: 3955: 3948: 3938: 3931: 3921:10 September 3919:. 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