50:
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Upon reaching
Vinland, their intended destination, they found the now famous grapes and self-sown wheat for which the land was named. They spent a very hard winter at this site, barely surviving by fishing, hunting game inland, and gathering eggs on the island. The following summer they sailed to the
730:
Shortly thereafter, the
Norsemen were attacked by natives frightened by a bull that broke loose from the Norse encampment. They were forced to retreat to a more defensible location before engaging their attackers; at the end of the battle two of his men had been slain, while "many of the natives"
667:
There was great discussion of Leif's
Vinland voyage, and his brother Thorvald felt they had not explored enough of the land. Leif then told Thorvald, 'You go to Vinland, brother, and take my ship if you wish, but before you do so I want the ship to make a trip to the
722:
island of Hop where they had the first peaceful interactions with the native people, with whom they traded. Thorfinn forbade his men to trade their swords and spears, so they mainly exchanged red cloth for pelts. They described the aboriginal inhabitants:
365:
372:
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oon the kayaker sent out his spear in good earnest, and killed on the spot. When winter came, it was a general belief that the
Kavdlunait would come and avenge the death of their countrymen
818:
687:'I have been wounded under my arm,' he said. 'An arrow flew between the edge of the ship and the shield into my armpit. Here is the arrow, and this wound will cause my death.'
663:
Leif laid the groundwork for later colonizing efforts by establishing a foothold on
Vinland, where he constructed some "large houses." Upon his return to Greenland,
936:
1097:"The Viking discovery of America: the excavation of a Norse settlement in L'Anse aux Meadows, Newfoundland." Ingstad Helge. Checkmark Books. New York, 2001.
1028:
613:
mentions that the Inuit used "Inuit" among themselves, but used
Kalaallit when speaking to non-Inuit, stating that this was the term used by Norse settlers.
358:
594:
whom the Norse met in the early 11th century. The word subsequently became well known, and has been used in the
English language since the 18th century.
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After this adventure, they returned to
Greenland. Their three-year excursion would be the longest lasting known European colony in the New World, until
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1837:
1832:
1324:
31:
452:
1188:
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of
Greenland, Labrador, Newfoundland and the Canadian arctic islands in the years 900, 1100, 1300 and 1500. The green colour shows the
263:
726:
They were short in height with threatening features and tangled hair on their heads. Their eyes were large and their cheeks broad.
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1319:
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1142:. 2 vols. Journal of Indo-European Studies Monograph Series 20-21. Washington: Institute for the Study of Man 1997. Vol. 2.
1842:
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1082:"Skraeling: First Peoples of Helluland, Markland, and Vinland.” Odess, Daniel; Stephen Loring; and William W. Fitzhugh, in
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49:
1802:
1407:
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despite everything the land had to offer there, they would be under constant threat of attack from its prior inhabitants.
39:
683:. After attacking and killing eight of the natives, they were attacked beside their beached ships, which they defended:
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They speculated among themselves as to what land this would be, for Bjarni said he suspected this was not
Greenland.
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Fitzhugh, William W. and Elisabeth I. Ward, editors. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution, 2000. Pages 193–205.
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they encountered in North America (Canada and Greenland). In surviving sources, it is first applied to the
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Norse exploration of the New World began with the initial sighting of North America by an Icelander named
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whom the Norse encountered and fought during their expeditions there in the early 11th century.
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Kavdlunait (plural) was the Inuit word for foreigner or European. Compare modern Greenlandic
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mainland in the 13th century and were thereafter in contact with the Greenlanders. The
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group with whom the Norse coexisted in Greenland after about the 13th century. In the
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has the first contact with the native population which would come to be known as the
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were killed. As with any inhabited foreign land, Thorfinn and his men realized that
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1128:"Norse contact with Native Americans before the Viking Age" by Njord Kane, 2016 *
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Kane, Njord (2015) The Vikings: The Story of a People (Spangenhelm Publishing)
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Kane, Njord (2015) The Vikings: The Story of a People (Spangenhelm Publishing)
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nearly 500 years later initiated full-scale European conquest of the Americas.
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was the first Norse explorer to attempt to truly colonize the newly discovered
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489:, meaning "dried skin", in reference to the animal pelts worn by the Inuit.
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Murrin, John M; Johnson, Paul E; McPherson, James M; Gerstle, Gary (2008).
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Language Contact in the Arctic: Northern Pidgins and Contact Languages
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1055:, Penguin Books, 1965 Translation, 13th reprint of 1985, p. 65,
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Liberty, Equality, Power: A History of the American People, Compact
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http://spangenhelm.com/norse-contact-native-americans-viking-age/
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http://blogmeridian.blogspot.com/2008/08/unknowing-world.html
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His voyage piqued the interest of later explorers including
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Peoples the Norse Greenlanders encountered in North America
471:, it is also used for the peoples of the region known as
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1053:
The Vinland Sagas : The Norse Discovery of America
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The word is most likely related to the Old Norse word
616:
1134:
Sayers, William. "Psychological Warfare in Vinland (
1051:
Magnus Magnusson and Hermann Pálsson (Translators),
1146:. Eds Edgar C. Polomé and John Greppin. Pp. 235-64.
993:
991:
989:
904:
876:Ernst Hakon Jahr; Ingvild Broch (1 January 1996).
1824:
574:. The Thule first arrived in Greenland from the
499:might have been derived from the Old Norse verb
1144:Studies in Indo-European Mythology and Religion
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528:The term is thought to have first been used by
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964:
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718:, he set sail with three ships and 140 men.
505:, meaning "bawl, shout, or yell". In modern
601:", the name of the largest ethnic group of
556:. By the time these sources were recorded,
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1175:
1124:http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01416a.htm
643:, who would explore and name the areas of
373:
359:
957:
552:explorers made their first contacts with
548:, written well after the period in which
264:Gesta Hammaburgensis ecclesiae pontificum
751:There are also accounts from the Inuit:
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672:to fetch the wood that Thorir had there'
387:
14:
1825:
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902:
1170:
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1838:Norse colonization of North America
1833:Indigenous peoples of North America
24:
1076:
1024:Tales and Traditions of the Eskimo
929:
882:. Walter de Gruyter. p. 233.
623:Norse colonization of the Americas
617:Norse exploration of the New World
519:", whereas the Danish descendant,
25:
1859:
1214:an autonomous constituent country
1150:
1084:Vikings: The North Atlantic Saga.
1005:, Penguin Books, New York, 2001.
976:(New York: Penguin Books, 2001).
858:Icelandic Etymological Dictionary
850:Ásgeir Blöndal Magnússon (1989).
703:by Einar Jónsson in Philadelphia
56:Leiv Eirikson Discovering America
1341:
1162:Native Languages of the Americas
1041:, Copenhagen: Gyldendal, 2005.
1027:(Edinburgh: Blackwood, 1875, p.
823:. Thomson Wadsworth. p. 6.
658:
48:
1517:Governor (1728–1730, 1925–1979)
1140:Papers in Honor of Jaan Puhvel
1015:
843:
810:
570:, the ancestors to the modern
13:
1:
1527:Prime Minister (1979–current)
804:
1037:Hans Christian Gulløv, ed.,
970:The Saga of the Greenlanders
747:Inuit folktales of the Norse
701:Statue of Thorfinn Karlsefni
478:
7:
1843:Ethno-cultural designations
1157:Online etymology dictionary
772:
765:("Dane"), formerly spelled
605:, is probably derived from
493:(1932: 14) speculated that
10:
1864:
620:
562:was the common term Norse
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546:The Book of the Icelanders
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997:Keneva Kunz (Translator)
968:Keneva Kunz (Translator)
942:Oxford English Dictionary
789:Newfoundland and Labrador
1459:Administrative divisions
1333:Cartographic expeditions
999:The Saga of Erik the Red
911:. I.B. Tauris. pp.
903:Seaver, Kirsten (2010).
243:Saga of the Greenlanders
1772:National (civic) anthem
538:
501:
495:
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394:archaeological cultures
1003:The Saga of Icelanders
974:The Saga of Icelanders
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1522:Inspector (1782–1924)
1469:Independence movement
1039:Grønlands Forhistorie
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391:
1300:Fridtjof Nansen Land
716:Saga of Erik the Red
587:Saga of Erik the Red
554:indigenous Americans
525:, means "weakling".
236:Saga of Erik the Red
192:Freydís Eiríksdóttir
154:Kensington Runestone
111:Gunnbjörn's skerries
1666:Notable individuals
1315:County of Greenland
1295:Erik the Red's Land
853:Íslensk orðsifjabók
345:William W. Fitzhugh
330:Patricia Sutherland
310:Carl Christian Rafn
59:, 1893 painting by
1593:Telecommunications
1428:Towns and villages
1266:Western Settlement
1261:Eastern Settlement
1256:Norse Colonization
1218:Kingdom of Denmark
779:L'Anse aux Meadows
741:Columbus's voyages
708:Thorfinn Karlsefni
705:
692:Thorfinn Karlsefni
629:Bjarni Herjólfsson
581:Greenlanders' Saga
491:William Thalbitzer
448:) is the name the
417:
320:Anne Stine Ingstad
271:Book of Icelanders
217:Helgi and Finnbogi
212:Thorfinn Karlsefni
207:Bjarni Herjólfsson
187:Thorvald Eiriksson
101:Western Settlement
96:Eastern Settlement
91:L'Anse aux Meadows
40:Norse colonization
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1819:
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1610:
1537:
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1513:Political leader
1504:Political parties
1479:High Commissioner
1474:Foreign relations
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1440:
1136:Eiríks saga rauða
1061:978-0-14-044154-3
889:978-3-11-081330-2
830:978-0-495-41101-7
603:Greenlandic Inuit
392:Maps showing the
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282:Greenlandic Norse
197:Gunnbjörn Ulfsson
138:Alleged artifacts
106:Middle Settlement
16:(Redirected from
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659:First contact
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641:Leif Eriksson
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566:used for the
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540:Íslendingabók
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402:Thule Culture
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315:Helge Ingstad
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1777:Royal anthem
1762:Coat of arms
1629:Demographics
1305:World War II
1276:
1275:
1251:Thule people
1241:Paleo-Eskimo
1143:
1139:
1135:
1083:
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1038:
1022:
1017:
1002:
998:
973:
969:
947:. Retrieved
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931:
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857:
852:
845:
834:. Retrieved
819:
812:
799:Thule people
766:
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568:Thule people
564:Greenlanders
545:
536:in his work
527:
482:
463:, the proto-
461:Thule people
453:Greenlanders
441:
436:
419:
418:
276:
269:
262:
255:
250:Flateyjarbók
248:
241:
234:
182:Leif Erikson
177:Erik the Red
149:Skálholt Map
54:
1494:LGBT rights
1327:(self-rule)
1021:Henry Rink
949:October 12,
945:. June 1989
937:"Skraeling"
609:. In 1750,
444:skrælingjar
412:and orange
400:, blue the
294:Researchers
159:Vinland Map
144:Maine penny
126:Straumfjörð
1827:Categories
1567:(currency)
1484:Parliament
1285:Hans Egede
1047:8702017245
836:2010-11-24
805:References
611:Paul Egede
340:Gwyn Jones
229:Literature
1721:Mythology
1716:Jante Law
1644:Kalaallit
1603:Transport
1560:Companies
1464:Elections
1408:Mountains
1391:Ice sheet
1352:Geography
1325:Autonomy
1320:Home rule
1198:Greenland
784:Greenland
767:ĸavdlunâĸ
762:qallunaaq
681:skrælings
645:Helluland
599:Kalaallit
522:skrælling
517:barbarian
512:skrælingi
507:Icelandic
479:Etymology
440:, plural
437:skrælingi
432:Icelandic
428:Old Norse
171:Explorers
86:Helluland
18:Skraeling
1812:Category
1741:Religion
1726:Language
1649:Tunumiit
1639:Inughuit
1588:Taxation
1499:Military
1447:Politics
1433:Wildlife
1386:Glaciers
1277:Skræling
1271:Language
1236:Timeline
1202:articles
773:See also
677:Thorvald
649:Markland
607:skræling
584:and the
559:skræling
496:skræling
422:Skræling
277:Skræling
257:Hauksbók
81:Markland
32:a series
30:Part of
1848:Exonyms
1796:Outline
1755:Symbols
1711:Hunting
1706:Cuisine
1693:Culture
1683:Suicide
1671:artists
1617:Society
1598:Tourism
1543:Economy
1423:Straits
1401:by area
1396:Islands
1381:Geology
1364:Climate
1228:History
1216:of the
1138:)." In
712:Vinland
653:Vinland
592:Vinland
515:means "
502:skrækja
473:Vinland
457:peoples
414:Beothuk
76:Vinland
1746:Sports
1659:Danish
1578:Mining
1565:Krone
1418:Rivers
1376:Fjords
1369:change
1200:
1112:
1101:
1090:
1069:
1059:
1045:
1009:
980:
919:
886:
860:].
827:
670:skerry
404:, red
70:Places
34:on the
1803:Index
1731:Music
1676:Inuit
1654:Danes
1634:Inuit
1001:, in
972:, in
915:–63.
856:[
572:Inuit
550:Norse
469:sagas
465:Inuit
450:Norse
406:Norse
1767:Flag
1555:Bank
1110:ISBN
1099:ISBN
1088:ISBN
1067:ISBN
1057:ISBN
1043:ISBN
1007:ISBN
978:ISBN
951:2010
917:ISBN
884:ISBN
825:ISBN
651:and
486:skrá
430:and
410:Innu
1701:Art
1029:310
1829::
988:^
959:^
939:.
913:62
866:^
769:.
655:.
647:,
509:,
434::
1190:e
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1176:v
1105:.
1094:.
953:.
925:.
892:.
839:.
597:"
426:(
374:e
367:t
360:v
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
