1155:
2824:
1906:
1474:
25:
122:
289:, the local custom was to take fresh butter and to add thereto hot water while the milk or whey was still mixed with the butter. This mixture is then taken up and put into a separate vessel where it is then brought to a boil. Immediately thereafter, they took either wheat flour or roasted and ground
219:
is often added to it to provide a yeast and enzyme starter. Other plants or fruits can be used. The result is then aged, often in sealed containers. It is then traditionally buried in the ground for temperature stability purposes, just like cheese is left to mature in caves because they have cooler
254:
Smen made during winter is believed to be more fragrant than those made during a warmer season. In constant warm weather, closer to the temperature where butter becomes liquid, smen matures very slowly. In lower temperatures, one month is considered an acceptable time to start using the smen in
231:, but has a characteristically strong, rancid, and cheesy taste and smell. Matured smen is very similar in taste to blue cheese as it is a high-fat form of cheese. The older the smen, the stronger—and more valued—it becomes. Smen is traditionally used mainly in the preparation of
293:
seeds mixed with roasted wheat kernels, and cooked them together on a low heat. Allowed to simmer. Afterwards, the butter is then strained until one is left with a clear batch of melted butter (smen). Stored in a smoked earthenware container in a cool place.
258:
Smen holds great cultural significance, particularly as an indicator of familial wealth. As such it will often be used as a token of honor for esteemed visitors to a household, akin to other cultures' customs such as using the
372:
E. B; Camps, G.; Morel, J.-P.; Hanoteau, G.; Letourneux, A.; Nouschi, A.; Fery, R.; Demoulin, F.; Chamla, M.-C.; Louis, A.; Ben
Tanfous, A.; Ben Baaziz, S.; Soussi, L.; Champault, D.; Gast, M. (1986-09-01).
255:
cooking, although its flavour will not be strong. In constant warm weather, like in equatorial countries, it can take up to four months to develop the equivalent amount of flavour.
282:
will sometimes bury a sealed vessel of smen on the day of a daughter's birth, aging it until it is unearthed and used to season the food served at that daughter's wedding.
173:(سمنة) which is smoked with aromatic herbs inside of a gourd in order to impart deeper flavour and aid in preservation. However, smen is also an important ingredient in
2501:
2680:
2096:
2001:
2392:
1942:
2478:
2287:
2259:
2072:
162:) is a salted, fermented butter native to North African cuisine (Algeria, Morocco and Tunisia), as well as a traditional Yemeni dish.
2249:
2206:
2119:
1979:
1509:
2299:
2045:
203:
1737:
2084:
1572:
468:
2710:
2382:
244:
356:
2848:
108:
1935:
1074:
89:
2873:
61:
2883:
2471:
46:
1154:
2445:
1502:
1219:
68:
1602:
1321:
1928:
1843:
1441:
461:
2878:
75:
2888:
2863:
2827:
2506:
2464:
1415:
2868:
2858:
1909:
1886:
1838:
1495:
1461:
2526:
2893:
1960:
1797:
1732:
1642:
1420:
57:
35:
1891:
1767:
1752:
786:
454:
318:
174:
1196:
2853:
1860:
1762:
1702:
1370:
1250:
178:
42:
374:
2690:
2372:
1865:
1692:
1567:
1410:
1349:
1067:
724:
1552:
1365:
251:, a non-native culinary element introduced from Senegal and other West African countries.
8:
1747:
1687:
1612:
1562:
1036:
1007:
2804:
2715:
2430:
1807:
1742:
1657:
1592:
1285:
2695:
2357:
1870:
1777:
1722:
1637:
1617:
1587:
1557:
1326:
1112:
594:
416:
392:
387:
864:
2794:
2789:
2768:
2733:
2700:
2487:
2420:
2415:
1994:
1951:
1855:
1848:
1787:
1782:
1772:
1717:
1712:
1707:
1697:
1677:
1672:
1662:
1632:
1622:
1607:
1597:
1582:
1547:
1532:
1405:
1388:
1102:
967:
584:
382:
303:
247:, although it has become more difficult to find due to an increased replacement by
661:
215:
seeds to the boiling butter, after which it is strained from the fenugreek seeds.
82:
2644:
2362:
2150:
1802:
1792:
1727:
1647:
1627:
1577:
1537:
1518:
1478:
1456:
1436:
1339:
1206:
1191:
1060:
902:
770:
714:
339:
139:
1181:
2799:
2784:
2440:
2425:
2326:
2006:
1833:
1828:
1757:
1682:
1667:
1652:
1334:
1316:
1224:
1134:
927:
922:
907:
2842:
2675:
2536:
2397:
2387:
2377:
1542:
1275:
1214:
1041:
997:
982:
977:
962:
879:
854:
780:
755:
689:
570:
420:
396:
313:
275:
198:
2809:
2634:
2511:
2435:
2170:
1823:
1290:
1280:
1270:
1176:
1139:
1117:
1002:
972:
874:
849:
704:
694:
599:
415:(in Hebrew). Bene Berak: Nosaḥ Teman. p. 206 (responsum no. 48–beth).
228:
2292:
2264:
2077:
1446:
1400:
1393:
1186:
1127:
1031:
992:
957:
942:
937:
805:
796:
765:
719:
699:
630:
609:
510:
201:
for about 15 minutes, then skimmed, strained into a ceramic jar called a
16:
Salted, fermented butter used in Middle
Eastern and North African cuisine
2758:
344:(Thesis thesis) (in French). Université Frères Mentouri - Constantine 1.
2571:
2561:
2211:
2062:
1451:
1245:
1240:
1144:
1097:
987:
947:
912:
884:
859:
844:
834:
825:
446:
248:
2541:
2018:
2705:
2629:
2531:
2304:
2234:
2165:
2140:
2101:
2050:
1311:
952:
869:
839:
810:
760:
709:
671:
640:
290:
212:
1360:
24:
2748:
2649:
2521:
2456:
2331:
2316:
2254:
2145:
2089:
1984:
1974:
1920:
1306:
932:
917:
894:
815:
747:
645:
635:
555:
545:
492:
260:
232:
2311:
1487:
2743:
2738:
2639:
2551:
2546:
2516:
2336:
2321:
2271:
2229:
2201:
2180:
2155:
2067:
2038:
1969:
621:
500:
279:
2685:
2597:
2592:
2576:
2566:
2556:
2367:
2244:
2239:
2196:
2160:
2033:
2028:
2023:
1989:
1344:
1083:
666:
579:
560:
536:
522:
240:
182:
126:
121:
2763:
2753:
2659:
2613:
2341:
2124:
2057:
2013:
1354:
505:
286:
216:
190:
166:
2175:
1107:
589:
550:
532:
517:
308:
264:
236:
224:
208:
194:
186:
197:
or a combination of the two. The butter is brought to its
1052:
738:
483:
371:
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2840:
2472:
1936:
1503:
1068:
462:
211:. Some have it as a practice to add roasted
2479:
2465:
1943:
1929:
1510:
1496:
1075:
1061:
469:
455:
437:
337:
386:
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
476:
354:
120:
411:Badiḥi, Yiḥya (2011). Yosef Ḥen (ed.).
341:Smen/Dhan, beurre fermenté traditionnel
169:, Yemenis prepare a special version of
2841:
410:
2460:
1924:
1491:
1056:
450:
2486:
1950:
47:adding citations to reliable sources
18:
1517:
270:
143:
13:
263:" or serving an especially prized
181:cooking. It is produced using the
14:
2905:
2823:
2822:
1905:
1904:
1588:Democratic Republic of the Congo
1473:
1472:
1153:
388:10.4000/encyclopedieberbere.2436
338:Boussekine, Rania (2022-06-09).
23:
431:
34:needs additional citations for
403:
365:
348:
331:
220:and more stable temperatures.
1:
324:
1817:Ethnic and regional cuisines
1322:Chicago Butter and Egg Board
7:
1442:Artificial butter flavoring
297:
10:
2910:
1082:
381:(in French) (4): 472–529.
2818:
2777:
2724:
2668:
2622:
2606:
2585:
2494:
2408:
2350:
2280:
2222:
2189:
2133:
2112:
1958:
1900:
1879:
1816:
1525:
1470:
1429:
1416:Buttered toast phenomenon
1381:
1299:
1263:
1233:
1215:Beurre Ă la bourguignonne
1205:
1169:
1162:
1151:
1090:
1024:
893:
824:
795:
779:
746:
737:
682:
654:
620:
569:
531:
491:
482:
2849:Arabic words and phrases
1887:List of African cuisines
1573:Central African Republic
1462:Butter churning in Nepal
2281:Desserts & pastries
1421:Norwegian butter crisis
1163:Dishes featuring butter
438:Guinaudeau, Z. (1958).
355:Fatima-Zohra, Bouayed.
207:, and salted before it
2874:Mizrahi Jewish cuisine
1892:List of African dishes
938:Linseed (flaxseed) oil
442:. Rabat: J.E. Laurent.
319:List of African dishes
175:Middle Eastern cuisine
130:
2884:Mediterranean cuisine
1738:SĂŁo TomĂ© and PrĂncipe
1723:Republic of the Congo
1331:Butter manufacturers
1251:List of butter dishes
1220:Beurre Maître d'Hôtel
973:Rapeseed (canola) oil
440:Fès vu par sa cuisine
358:La cuisine algérienne
124:
1613:Eswatini (Swaziland)
1411:Buttered cat paradox
1264:Butter paraphernalia
725:Vegetable shortening
477:Edible fats and oils
379:Encyclopédie berbère
278:farmers in southern
43:improve this article
1197:Café de Paris sauce
1170:Butter-based sauces
1008:Watermelon seed oil
2805:Andalusian cuisine
2431:Andalusian cuisine
1286:French butter dish
131:
2879:Levantine cuisine
2836:
2835:
2696:Maghrebi mint tea
2454:
2453:
2446:Sephardic cuisine
2358:Moroccan mint tea
1918:
1917:
1603:Equatorial Guinea
1526:National cuisines
1485:
1484:
1382:Butter in culture
1259:
1258:
1113:Manteiga-da-terra
1050:
1049:
1020:
1019:
1016:
1015:
733:
732:
655:Other animal fats
595:Manteiga-da-terra
223:It is similar to
125:Smen (left) with
119:
118:
111:
93:
2901:
2889:Moroccan cuisine
2864:Algerian cuisine
2826:
2825:
2795:Moroccan cuisine
2790:Tunisian cuisine
2701:Mazagran (drink)
2527:Gaspacho Oranais
2488:Algerian cuisine
2481:
2474:
2467:
2458:
2457:
2421:Tunisian cuisine
2416:Algerian cuisine
2409:Related cuisines
2401:
2308:
2296:
2268:
2215:
2105:
2093:
2081:
2054:
2010:
1998:
1952:Moroccan cuisine
1945:
1938:
1931:
1922:
1921:
1908:
1907:
1512:
1505:
1498:
1489:
1488:
1479:Category: Butter
1476:
1475:
1406:Butter rebellion
1389:Butter sculpture
1167:
1166:
1157:
1103:Clarified butter
1077:
1070:
1063:
1054:
1053:
968:Pumpkin seed oil
865:Mongongo nut oil
793:
792:
744:
743:
585:Clarified butter
489:
488:
471:
464:
457:
448:
447:
443:
425:
424:
407:
401:
400:
390:
369:
363:
362:
361:. Temps Actuels.
352:
346:
345:
335:
304:Clarified butter
271:Regional customs
239:, as well as of
145:
114:
107:
103:
100:
94:
92:
51:
27:
19:
2909:
2908:
2904:
2903:
2902:
2900:
2899:
2898:
2869:Israeli cuisine
2859:African cuisine
2839:
2838:
2837:
2832:
2814:
2773:
2726:
2720:
2664:
2645:Preserved lemon
2618:
2602:
2581:
2502:Aftir oukessoul
2490:
2485:
2455:
2450:
2404:
2395:
2346:
2302:
2290:
2276:
2262:
2250:Mekhmar/Betbout
2218:
2209:
2185:
2129:
2108:
2099:
2087:
2075:
2048:
2004:
1992:
1954:
1949:
1919:
1914:
1896:
1875:
1812:
1521:
1519:African cuisine
1516:
1486:
1481:
1466:
1457:List of spreads
1437:Butter mountain
1425:
1377:
1300:Butter industry
1295:
1255:
1229:
1207:Compound butter
1201:
1192:Beurre noisette
1158:
1149:
1091:Types of butter
1086:
1081:
1051:
1046:
1012:
903:Ambadi seed oil
889:
820:
782:
775:
771:Shark liver oil
729:
715:Palm kernel oil
678:
650:
616:
565:
527:
478:
475:
434:
429:
428:
408:
404:
370:
366:
353:
349:
336:
332:
327:
300:
273:
115:
104:
98:
95:
52:
50:
40:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2907:
2897:
2896:
2894:Yemeni cuisine
2891:
2886:
2881:
2876:
2871:
2866:
2861:
2856:
2851:
2834:
2833:
2831:
2830:
2819:
2816:
2815:
2813:
2812:
2807:
2802:
2800:Libyan cuisine
2797:
2792:
2787:
2785:Berber cuisine
2781:
2779:
2775:
2774:
2772:
2771:
2766:
2761:
2756:
2751:
2746:
2741:
2736:
2730:
2728:
2722:
2721:
2719:
2718:
2713:
2708:
2703:
2698:
2693:
2688:
2683:
2681:Cherbet mazhar
2678:
2672:
2670:
2666:
2665:
2663:
2662:
2657:
2652:
2647:
2642:
2637:
2632:
2626:
2624:
2620:
2619:
2617:
2616:
2610:
2608:
2604:
2603:
2601:
2600:
2595:
2589:
2587:
2583:
2582:
2580:
2579:
2574:
2569:
2564:
2559:
2554:
2549:
2544:
2539:
2534:
2529:
2524:
2519:
2514:
2509:
2504:
2498:
2496:
2492:
2491:
2484:
2483:
2476:
2469:
2461:
2452:
2451:
2449:
2448:
2443:
2441:Berber cuisine
2438:
2433:
2428:
2426:Libyan cuisine
2423:
2418:
2412:
2410:
2406:
2405:
2403:
2402:
2390:
2385:
2380:
2375:
2370:
2365:
2360:
2354:
2352:
2348:
2347:
2345:
2344:
2339:
2334:
2329:
2324:
2319:
2314:
2309:
2297:
2284:
2282:
2278:
2277:
2275:
2274:
2269:
2257:
2252:
2247:
2242:
2237:
2232:
2226:
2224:
2220:
2219:
2217:
2216:
2204:
2199:
2193:
2191:
2187:
2186:
2184:
2183:
2178:
2173:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2153:
2148:
2143:
2137:
2135:
2131:
2130:
2128:
2127:
2122:
2116:
2114:
2110:
2109:
2107:
2106:
2094:
2082:
2070:
2065:
2060:
2055:
2043:
2042:
2041:
2036:
2031:
2021:
2016:
2011:
1999:
1987:
1982:
1977:
1972:
1966:
1964:
1956:
1955:
1948:
1947:
1940:
1933:
1925:
1916:
1915:
1913:
1912:
1901:
1898:
1897:
1895:
1894:
1889:
1883:
1881:
1877:
1876:
1874:
1873:
1868:
1863:
1858:
1853:
1852:
1851:
1846:
1841:
1831:
1826:
1820:
1818:
1814:
1813:
1811:
1810:
1805:
1800:
1798:Western Sahara
1795:
1790:
1785:
1780:
1775:
1770:
1765:
1760:
1755:
1750:
1745:
1740:
1735:
1730:
1725:
1720:
1715:
1710:
1705:
1700:
1695:
1690:
1685:
1680:
1675:
1670:
1665:
1660:
1655:
1650:
1645:
1640:
1635:
1630:
1625:
1620:
1615:
1610:
1605:
1600:
1595:
1590:
1585:
1580:
1575:
1570:
1565:
1560:
1555:
1550:
1545:
1540:
1535:
1529:
1527:
1523:
1522:
1515:
1514:
1507:
1500:
1492:
1483:
1482:
1471:
1468:
1467:
1465:
1464:
1459:
1454:
1449:
1444:
1439:
1433:
1431:
1427:
1426:
1424:
1423:
1418:
1413:
1408:
1403:
1398:
1397:
1396:
1385:
1383:
1379:
1378:
1376:
1375:
1374:
1373:
1368:
1363:
1358:
1352:
1347:
1342:
1337:
1329:
1324:
1319:
1317:Butter grading
1314:
1309:
1303:
1301:
1297:
1296:
1294:
1293:
1288:
1283:
1278:
1273:
1267:
1265:
1261:
1260:
1257:
1256:
1254:
1253:
1248:
1243:
1237:
1235:
1231:
1230:
1228:
1227:
1225:Truffle butter
1222:
1217:
1211:
1209:
1203:
1202:
1200:
1199:
1194:
1189:
1184:
1179:
1173:
1171:
1164:
1160:
1159:
1152:
1150:
1148:
1147:
1142:
1137:
1135:Vologda butter
1132:
1131:
1130:
1125:
1120:
1115:
1110:
1100:
1094:
1092:
1088:
1087:
1080:
1079:
1072:
1065:
1057:
1048:
1047:
1045:
1044:
1039:
1034:
1029:
1025:
1022:
1021:
1018:
1017:
1014:
1013:
1011:
1010:
1005:
1000:
995:
990:
985:
980:
975:
970:
965:
960:
955:
950:
945:
940:
935:
930:
928:Grape seed oil
925:
923:Cottonseed oil
920:
915:
910:
908:Apple seed oil
905:
899:
897:
891:
890:
888:
887:
882:
877:
872:
867:
862:
857:
852:
847:
842:
837:
831:
829:
822:
821:
819:
818:
813:
808:
802:
800:
790:
777:
776:
774:
773:
768:
763:
758:
752:
750:
741:
735:
734:
731:
730:
728:
727:
722:
717:
712:
707:
702:
697:
692:
686:
684:
683:Vegetable fats
680:
679:
677:
676:
675:
674:
669:
658:
656:
652:
651:
649:
648:
643:
638:
633:
627:
625:
618:
617:
615:
614:
613:
612:
607:
602:
597:
592:
582:
576:
574:
567:
566:
564:
563:
558:
553:
548:
542:
540:
529:
528:
526:
525:
520:
515:
514:
513:
508:
497:
495:
486:
480:
479:
474:
473:
466:
459:
451:
445:
444:
433:
430:
427:
426:
402:
375:"Alimentation"
364:
347:
329:
328:
326:
323:
322:
321:
316:
311:
306:
299:
296:
272:
269:
185:made from the
117:
116:
31:
29:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2906:
2895:
2892:
2890:
2887:
2885:
2882:
2880:
2877:
2875:
2872:
2870:
2867:
2865:
2862:
2860:
2857:
2855:
2852:
2850:
2847:
2846:
2844:
2829:
2821:
2820:
2817:
2811:
2808:
2806:
2803:
2801:
2798:
2796:
2793:
2791:
2788:
2786:
2783:
2782:
2780:
2776:
2770:
2767:
2765:
2762:
2760:
2757:
2755:
2752:
2750:
2747:
2745:
2742:
2740:
2737:
2735:
2732:
2731:
2729:
2723:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2699:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2676:Algerian wine
2674:
2673:
2671:
2667:
2661:
2658:
2656:
2653:
2651:
2648:
2646:
2643:
2641:
2638:
2636:
2633:
2631:
2628:
2627:
2625:
2621:
2615:
2612:
2611:
2609:
2605:
2599:
2596:
2594:
2591:
2590:
2588:
2584:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2570:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2560:
2558:
2555:
2553:
2550:
2548:
2545:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2520:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2510:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2500:
2499:
2497:
2493:
2489:
2482:
2477:
2475:
2470:
2468:
2463:
2462:
2459:
2447:
2444:
2442:
2439:
2437:
2434:
2432:
2429:
2427:
2424:
2422:
2419:
2417:
2414:
2413:
2411:
2407:
2399:
2394:
2391:
2389:
2386:
2384:
2381:
2379:
2376:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2366:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2356:
2355:
2353:
2349:
2343:
2340:
2338:
2335:
2333:
2330:
2328:
2325:
2323:
2320:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2310:
2306:
2301:
2298:
2294:
2289:
2286:
2285:
2283:
2279:
2273:
2270:
2266:
2261:
2258:
2256:
2253:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2227:
2225:
2221:
2213:
2208:
2205:
2203:
2200:
2198:
2195:
2194:
2192:
2188:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2138:
2136:
2132:
2126:
2123:
2121:
2118:
2117:
2115:
2111:
2103:
2098:
2095:
2091:
2086:
2083:
2079:
2074:
2071:
2069:
2066:
2064:
2061:
2059:
2056:
2052:
2047:
2044:
2040:
2039:Prunes tajine
2037:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2026:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2008:
2003:
2000:
1996:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1983:
1981:
1978:
1976:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1967:
1965:
1962:
1957:
1953:
1946:
1941:
1939:
1934:
1932:
1927:
1926:
1923:
1911:
1903:
1902:
1899:
1893:
1890:
1888:
1885:
1884:
1882:
1878:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1864:
1862:
1861:Mediterranean
1859:
1857:
1854:
1850:
1847:
1845:
1842:
1840:
1837:
1836:
1835:
1832:
1830:
1827:
1825:
1822:
1821:
1819:
1815:
1809:
1806:
1804:
1801:
1799:
1796:
1794:
1791:
1789:
1786:
1784:
1781:
1779:
1776:
1774:
1771:
1769:
1766:
1764:
1761:
1759:
1756:
1754:
1751:
1749:
1746:
1744:
1741:
1739:
1736:
1734:
1731:
1729:
1726:
1724:
1721:
1719:
1716:
1714:
1711:
1709:
1706:
1704:
1701:
1699:
1696:
1694:
1691:
1689:
1686:
1684:
1681:
1679:
1676:
1674:
1671:
1669:
1666:
1664:
1661:
1659:
1656:
1654:
1651:
1649:
1646:
1644:
1643:Guinea-Bissau
1641:
1639:
1636:
1634:
1631:
1629:
1626:
1624:
1621:
1619:
1616:
1614:
1611:
1609:
1606:
1604:
1601:
1599:
1596:
1594:
1591:
1589:
1586:
1584:
1581:
1579:
1576:
1574:
1571:
1569:
1566:
1564:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1554:
1551:
1549:
1546:
1544:
1541:
1539:
1536:
1534:
1531:
1530:
1528:
1524:
1520:
1513:
1508:
1506:
1501:
1499:
1494:
1493:
1490:
1480:
1469:
1463:
1460:
1458:
1455:
1453:
1450:
1448:
1445:
1443:
1440:
1438:
1435:
1434:
1432:
1430:Miscellaneous
1428:
1422:
1419:
1417:
1414:
1412:
1409:
1407:
1404:
1402:
1399:
1395:
1392:
1391:
1390:
1387:
1386:
1384:
1380:
1372:
1369:
1367:
1364:
1362:
1359:
1356:
1353:
1351:
1348:
1346:
1343:
1341:
1338:
1336:
1333:
1332:
1330:
1328:
1325:
1323:
1320:
1318:
1315:
1313:
1310:
1308:
1305:
1304:
1302:
1298:
1292:
1289:
1287:
1284:
1282:
1279:
1277:
1276:Butter curler
1274:
1272:
1269:
1268:
1266:
1262:
1252:
1249:
1247:
1244:
1242:
1239:
1238:
1236:
1232:
1226:
1223:
1221:
1218:
1216:
1213:
1212:
1210:
1208:
1204:
1198:
1195:
1193:
1190:
1188:
1185:
1183:
1180:
1178:
1175:
1174:
1172:
1168:
1165:
1161:
1156:
1146:
1143:
1141:
1138:
1136:
1133:
1129:
1126:
1124:
1121:
1119:
1116:
1114:
1111:
1109:
1106:
1105:
1104:
1101:
1099:
1096:
1095:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1078:
1073:
1071:
1066:
1064:
1059:
1058:
1055:
1043:
1042:Essential oil
1040:
1038:
1035:
1033:
1030:
1027:
1026:
1023:
1009:
1006:
1004:
1001:
999:
998:Sunflower oil
996:
994:
991:
989:
986:
984:
983:Safflower oil
981:
979:
978:Rice bran oil
976:
974:
971:
969:
966:
964:
963:Poppyseed oil
961:
959:
956:
954:
951:
949:
946:
944:
941:
939:
936:
934:
931:
929:
926:
924:
921:
919:
916:
914:
911:
909:
906:
904:
901:
900:
898:
896:
892:
886:
883:
881:
880:Pistachio oil
878:
876:
873:
871:
868:
866:
863:
861:
858:
856:
855:Macadamia oil
853:
851:
848:
846:
843:
841:
838:
836:
833:
832:
830:
827:
823:
817:
814:
812:
809:
807:
804:
803:
801:
798:
794:
791:
788:
784:
778:
772:
769:
767:
764:
762:
759:
757:
756:Cod liver oil
754:
753:
751:
749:
745:
742:
740:
736:
726:
723:
721:
718:
716:
713:
711:
708:
706:
703:
701:
698:
696:
693:
691:
690:Borneo tallow
688:
687:
685:
681:
673:
670:
668:
665:
664:
663:
660:
659:
657:
653:
647:
644:
642:
639:
637:
634:
632:
629:
628:
626:
623:
619:
611:
608:
606:
603:
601:
598:
596:
593:
591:
588:
587:
586:
583:
581:
578:
577:
575:
572:
568:
562:
559:
557:
554:
552:
549:
547:
544:
543:
541:
538:
534:
530:
524:
521:
519:
516:
512:
509:
507:
504:
503:
502:
499:
498:
496:
494:
490:
487:
485:
481:
472:
467:
465:
460:
458:
453:
452:
449:
441:
436:
435:
422:
418:
414:
406:
398:
394:
389:
384:
380:
376:
368:
360:
359:
351:
343:
342:
334:
330:
320:
317:
315:
314:Dairy product
312:
310:
307:
305:
302:
301:
295:
292:
288:
283:
281:
277:
268:
266:
262:
256:
252:
250:
246:
242:
238:
234:
230:
226:
221:
218:
214:
210:
206:
205:
200:
199:boiling point
196:
192:
188:
184:
180:
179:North African
176:
172:
168:
163:
161:
157:
153:
149:
141:
137:
136:
128:
123:
113:
110:
102:
99:December 2020
91:
88:
84:
81:
77:
74:
70:
67:
63:
60: –
59:
55:
54:Find sources:
48:
44:
38:
37:
32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
2854:Cooking oils
2810:Arab cuisine
2727:and pastries
2654:
2512:Chakhchoukha
2436:Arab cuisine
1866:West African
1763:South Africa
1753:Sierra Leone
1733:Saint Helena
1553:Burkina Faso
1371:Western Star
1340:Land O'Lakes
1291:Scotch hands
1281:Butter knife
1271:Butter churn
1182:Beurre monté
1177:Beurre blanc
1122:
1118:Niter kibbeh
1003:Tea seed oil
875:Pine nut oil
850:Hazelnut oil
705:Mango butter
695:Cocoa butter
604:
600:Niter kibbeh
439:
412:
405:
378:
367:
357:
350:
340:
333:
284:
274:
257:
253:
229:niter kibbeh
222:
202:
170:
164:
159:
155:
151:
147:
146:also called
134:
133:
132:
105:
96:
86:
79:
72:
65:
53:
41:Please help
36:verification
33:
2716:Sidi Brahim
2623:Ingredients
2396: [
2303: [
2291: [
2263: [
2210: [
2134:Ingredients
2100: [
2088: [
2076: [
2049: [
2034:Lamb tajine
2029:Fish tajine
2005: [
2002:Djaja taret
1993: [
1768:South Sudan
1648:Ivory Coast
1447:Butter salt
1401:Butter lamp
1394:Butter lamb
1187:Beurre noir
1140:Whey butter
1032:Cooking oil
993:Soybean oil
958:Perilla oil
943:Mustard oil
806:Avocado oil
766:Seaweed oil
748:Marine oils
720:Shea butter
700:Coconut oil
631:Chicken fat
610:Urfa butter
144:سمن or سمنة
2843:Categories
2607:Brochettes
2572:Shakshouka
2562:Mulukhiyah
2393:Tasabounte
2327:Kaab Ghzal
2113:Brochettes
2063:Shakshouka
1748:Seychelles
1703:Mozambique
1688:Mauritania
1673:Madagascar
1568:Cape Verde
1452:Dairy salt
1357:/Kerrygold
1246:Egg butter
1241:Butter tea
1145:Yak butter
1098:Bog butter
988:Sesame oil
948:Peanut oil
913:Castor oil
885:Walnut oil
860:Marula oil
845:Cashew oil
835:Almond oil
781:Vegetable
432:References
325:References
261:fine china
249:peanut oil
69:newspapers
2706:Palm wine
2669:Beverages
2630:Chermoula
2532:Karantika
2351:Beverages
2235:Flatbread
2166:Coriander
2141:Chermoula
1839:Ethiopian
1693:Mauritius
1366:Président
1312:Butterfat
1037:Plant oil
953:Pequi oil
895:Seed oils
870:Pecan oil
840:Argan oil
811:Olive oil
761:Krill oil
710:Margarine
672:Whale oil
641:Goose fat
493:Pork fats
421:768305430
397:1015-7344
291:fenugreek
213:fenugreek
2828:Category
2759:PolvorĂłn
2749:Makroudh
2725:Desserts
2650:Semolina
2522:Couscous
2332:Makroudh
2317:Chebakia
2312:Bourekas
2288:Bechkito
2260:Merdouma
2255:Medfouna
2146:Matbucha
2073:Ourkimen
1959:Dishes (
1910:Category
1871:Zanzibar
1856:Maghrebi
1849:Sephardi
1808:Zimbabwe
1778:Tanzania
1618:Ethiopia
1593:Djibouti
1563:Cameroon
1548:Botswana
1350:Magnolia
1327:Churning
1307:Boterwet
1028:See also
933:Hemp oil
918:Corn oil
816:Palm oil
646:Schmaltz
636:Duck fat
556:Tail fat
546:Dripping
298:See also
233:couscous
129:(right).
2778:Related
2744:Mbesses
2739:Baghrir
2734:Baklawa
2640:Harissa
2552:Mesfouf
2547:Merguez
2542:MĂ©choui
2517:Chtitha
2337:Mesfouf
2322:Briouat
2272:Qrashel
2230:Beghrir
2207:Tadeffi
2202:Bessara
2181:Almonds
2156:Saffron
2120:Boulfaf
2019:Mechoui
1985:Kesksou
1980:Dchicha
1975:Bestila
1970:Ahriche
1844:Mizrahi
1788:Tunisia
1758:Somalia
1743:Senegal
1718:Nigeria
1708:Namibia
1698:Morocco
1663:Liberia
1658:Lesotho
1608:Eritrea
1583:Comoros
1558:Burundi
1533:Algeria
662:Blubber
622:Poultry
501:Fatback
413:Ḥen Ṭov
280:Morocco
241:tagines
209:curdles
83:scholar
2769:Tamina
2686:Coffee
2598:Harira
2593:Chorba
2577:Tajine
2567:Rechta
2557:Msemen
2507:Bourek
2495:Dishes
2368:Coffee
2300:Bejmat
2245:Harcha
2240:Msemen
2223:Breads
2197:Harira
2161:Nutmeg
2151:Msiyar
2097:Tahlia
2068:Skhina
2046:Qamama
2024:Tajine
1990:Dafina
1834:Jewish
1829:Berber
1803:Zambia
1793:Uganda
1728:Rwanda
1678:Malawi
1638:Guinea
1628:Gambia
1538:Angola
1477:
1361:PlugrĂ
1345:Lurpak
1335:Anchor
1084:Butter
667:Muktuk
580:Butter
561:Tallow
537:Mutton
523:Lardon
419:
395:
276:Berber
204:khabia
183:butter
171:semneh
156:semneh
140:Arabic
138:(from
127:msemen
85:
78:
71:
64:
58:"Smen"
56:
2764:Khfaf
2754:Mouna
2691:Leben
2660:Tabil
2635:Dates
2614:Kebab
2586:Soups
2537:Kesra
2400:]
2378:Mahia
2373:Leben
2342:Sfenj
2307:]
2295:]
2267:]
2214:]
2190:Soups
2171:Dates
2125:Kabab
2104:]
2092:]
2085:Tagra
2080:]
2058:Seffa
2053:]
2014:Khlea
2009:]
1997:]
1880:Lists
1773:Sudan
1713:Niger
1668:Libya
1653:Kenya
1633:Ghana
1623:Gabon
1598:Egypt
1543:Benin
1355:Ornua
1234:Other
797:Fruit
571:Dairy
506:Lardo
287:Yemen
245:kdras
217:Thyme
195:goats
191:sheep
167:Yemen
160:sminn
158:, or
90:JSTOR
76:books
2711:Rayb
2655:Smen
2388:Wine
2383:Rayb
2363:Beer
2176:Figs
1961:list
1824:Arab
1783:Togo
1683:Mali
1578:Chad
1128:Urfa
1123:Smen
1108:Ghee
828:oils
799:oils
787:List
783:oils
739:Oils
624:fats
605:Smen
590:Ghee
573:fats
551:Suet
539:fats
533:Beef
518:Lard
511:Salo
484:Fats
417:OCLC
393:ISSN
309:Ghee
265:wine
243:and
237:trid
235:and
227:and
225:ghee
187:milk
177:and
152:semn
148:sman
135:Smen
62:news
826:Nut
383:doi
285:In
189:of
165:In
45:by
2845::
2398:fr
2305:fr
2293:fr
2265:fr
2212:fr
2102:fr
2090:fr
2078:fr
2051:fr
2007:fr
1995:fr
391:.
377:.
267:.
193:,
154:,
150:,
142::
2480:e
2473:t
2466:v
1963:)
1944:e
1937:t
1930:v
1511:e
1504:t
1497:v
1076:e
1069:t
1062:v
789:)
785:(
535:/
470:e
463:t
456:v
423:.
409:*
399:.
385::
259:"
112:)
106:(
101:)
97:(
87:·
80:·
73:·
66:·
39:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
