118:
4075:
56:
3651:
3066:(a situation where the shooting and target positions are at equal elevation), using British military custom high-pressure .338 Lapua Magnum cartridges, loaded with 16.2 g (250 gr) Lapua LockBase B408 bullets, fired at 936 m/s (3,071 ft/s) muzzle velocity under the following on-site (average) atmospheric conditions: barometric pressure: 1,019 hPa (30.1 inHg) at sea-level equivalent or 899 hPa (26.5 inHg) on-site, humidity: 25.9%, and temperature: 15 °C (59 °F) in the region for November 2009, resulting in an air density Ï = 1.0854 kg/m at the 1,043 m (3,422 ft) elevation of Musa Qala. Harrison mentions in reports that the environmental conditions were perfect for long range shooting, "... no wind, mild weather, clear visibility." In a BBC interview, Harrison reported it took about nine shots for him and his spotter to initially range the target successfully.
197:
3556:
4165:
the target were that distance away. For example, a sniper who observes a target 500 meters away at a 45-degree angle downhill would multiply the range by the cosine of 45 degrees, which is 0.707. The resulting distance will be 353 meters. This number is equal to the horizontal distance to the target. All other values, such as windage, time-to-target, impact velocity, and energy will be calculated based on the actual range of 500 meters. Recently, a small device known as a cosine indicator has been developed. This device is clamped to the tubular body of the telescopic sight, and gives an indicative readout in numerical form as the rifle is aimed up or down at the target. This is translated into a figure used to compute the horizontal range to the target.
4648:
4067:
3702:, those soldiers were often used as autonomous left-behind snipers. While an experienced sniper would take a few lethal shots and retreat to a safer position, those young boys, due both to a disregard for their own safety and to lack of tactical experience would frequently remain in a concealed position and fight until they ran out of ammunition or were killed or wounded. While this tactic generally ended in the demise of the sniper, giving rise to the nickname "Suicide Boys" that was given to those soldiers, this irrational behavior proved quite disruptive to the Allied forces' progress. After World War II, many elements of German sniper training and doctrine were copied by other countries.
3400:
3817:
3059:) data provided by Lapua, predicts that such shots traveling 2,475 m (2,707 yd) would likely have struck their targets after nearly 6.0 seconds of flight time, having lost 93% of their kinetic energy, retaining 255 m/s (840 ft/s) of their original 936 m/s (3,070 ft/s) velocity, and having dropped 121.39 m (398 ft 3 in) or 2.8° from the original bore line. Due to the extreme distances and travel time involved, even a light cross-breeze of 2.7 m/s (6.0 mph) would have diverted such shots 9.2 m (360 in) off target, which would have required compensation.
117:
3683:
3611:
unit with the creation of an additional 31 sniper training companies by 1944. German snipers were at the time the only snipers in the world issued with purpose-manufactured sniping ammunition, known as the 'effect-firing' sS round. The 'effect-firing' sS round featured an extra carefully measured propellant charge and seated a heavy 12.8 gram (198 gr) full-metal-jacketed boat-tail projectile of match-grade build quality, lacking usual features such as a seating ring to improve the already high ballistic coefficient of .584 (G1) further. For aiming optics German snipers used the
3694:
from all sides. The
American and British forces were surprised by how near the German snipers could approach in safety and attack them, as well as by their ability to hit targets at up to 1,000m. A notable mistake made by inexperienced American soldiers was to lie down and wait when targeted by German snipers, allowing the snipers to pick them off one after another. German snipers often infiltrated Allied lines and sometimes when the front-lines moved, they continued to fight from their sniping positions, refusing to surrender until their rations and munitions were exhausted.
4519:
2986:
4596:
2928:
2947:
3016:
3365:
4888:
141:
4269:(military equipment and weapons) but most often they target the most important enemy personnel such as officers or specialists (e.g. communications operators) so as to cause maximum disruption to enemy operations. Other personnel they might target include those who pose an immediate threat to the sniper, like dog handlers, who are often employed in a search for snipers. A sniper identifies officers by their appearance and behavior such as symbols of rank, talking to
4903:
2924:. As policemen, they are trained to shoot only as a last resort, when there is a direct threat to life; the police sharpshooter has a well-known rule: "Be prepared to take a life to save a life." Police snipers typically operate at much shorter ranges than military snipers, generally under 100 meters (109 yd) and sometimes even less than 50 meters (55 yd). Both types of snipers do make difficult shots under pressure, and often perform one-shot kills.
4173:. Alternatively, the scope can be adjusted so that the point of aim is changed to compensate for these factors, sometimes referred to as "dialing in". The shooter must remember to return the scope to zeroed position. Adjusting the scope allows for more accurate shots, because the cross-hairs can be aligned with the target more accurately, but the sniper must know exactly what differences the changes will have on the point-of-impact at each target range.
4458:. Traditionally, triangulation of a sniper's position was done manually, though radar-based technology has recently become available. Once located, the defenders can attempt to approach the sniper from cover and overwhelm them. The United States military is funding a project known as RedOwl (Robot Enhanced Detection Outpost With Lasers), which uses laser and acoustic sensors to determine the exact direction from which a sniper round has been fired.
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4186:
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tendency is magnified if the unit has been under the intense stress of urban combat for an extended time. It is vital that commanders and leaders at all levels understand the law of land warfare and understand the psychological pressures of urban warfare. It requires strong leadership and great moral strength to prevent soldiers from releasing their anger and frustration on captured snipers or civilians suspected of sniping at them.
4341:
3762:
3718:
took place within a few hundred meters. Japanese snipers were known for their patience and ability to remain hidden for long periods. They almost never left their carefully camouflaged hiding spots. This meant that whenever a sniper was in the area, the location of the sniper could be determined after the sniper had fired a few shots. The Allies used their own snipers in the
Pacific, notably the U.S. Marines, who used
2521:
4759:â Use of Marine sharpshooters in the mast tops was common usage in navies of the period, and Admiral Nelson's death at Trafalgar is attributed to the actions of French sharpshooters. The British Army developed the concept of directed fire (as opposed to massive unaimed volleys) and formed Rifle regiments, notably the 95th and the 60th who wore green jackets instead of the usual redcoats. Fighting as
3520:, British snipers were able to significantly delay the German infantry's advance. This prompted the British once again to increase training of specialized sniper units. Apart from marksmanship, British snipers were trained to blend in with the environment, often by using special camouflage clothing for concealment. However, because the British Army offered sniper training exclusively to officers and
2277:. Snipers need to have complete control of their bodies and senses in order to be effective. They also need to have the skill set to use data from their scope and monitors to adjust their aim to hit targets that are extremely far away. In training, snipers are given charts that they're drilled on to ensure they can make last-minute calculations when they are in the field.
6095:
4428:'s soldiers. Realizing this, none of Batista's men would walk first, as it was suicidal. This effectively decreased the army's willingness to search for rebel bases in the forests and mountains. An alternative approach to this psychological process is to kill the second man in the row, leading to the psychological effect of nobody wanting to follow the "leader".
4096:(.308 Winchester) M118 Special Ball round this difference (or "drop") from 700 to 800 meters (770â870 yd) is 200 millimetres (7.9 in). This means that if the sniper incorrectly estimated the distance as 700 meters when the target was in fact 800 meters away, the bullet will be 200 millimeters lower than expected by the time it reaches the target.
4462:
used a shop mannequin or other doll dressed as a tempting target, such as an officer. The doll was then presented as if it were a real man sloppily covering himself. Usually, Soviet snipers were unable to resist the temptation of an apparently easy kill. Once the angle where the bullet came from was determined, a large caliber gun, such as a
3195:, 23 June 1801, can be found the following quote in a piece about the North British Militia; "This Regiment has several Field Pieces, and two companies of Sharp Shooters, which are very necessary in the modern Stile of War". The term appears even earlier, around 1781, in Continental Europe, translated from the German ScharfschĂŒtze.
4123:, or, equivalently, minute of angle), while the US Army standard is 3.6 MOA, chosen so as to give a diameter of 1 yard at a distance of 1,000 yards (or equivalently, a diameter of 1 meter at a range of 1 kilometer.) Many commercial manufacturers use 3.5, splitting the difference, since it is easier to work with.
4149:. .308 Federal 175 grain (11.3 g) BTHP match shoots at 2,600 ft/s (790 m/s). Zeroed at 100 yards (100 m), a 16.2 MOA adjustment would have to be made to hit a target at 600 yards (500 m). If the same bullet was shot with 168 grain (10.9 g), a 17.1 MOA adjustment would be necessary.
4572:
The sniper is particularly suited to combat environments where one side is at a disadvantage. A careful sniping strategy can use a few individuals and resources to thwart the movement or other progress of a much better equipped or larger force. Sniping enables a few persons to instil terror in a much
4102:
may be used, and range estimation is often the job of both parties in a team. One useful method of range finding without a laser rangefinder is comparing the height of the target (or nearby objects) to their size on the mil dot scope, or taking a known distance and using some sort of measure (utility
4007:
their weapons at a target range or in the field. This is the process of adjusting the scope so that the bullets' points-of-impact are at the point-of-aim (centre of scope or scope's cross-hairs) for a specific distance. A rifle and scope should retain its zero as long as possible under all conditions
3999:
A sniper must have the ability to accurately estimate the various factors that influence a bullet's trajectory and point of impact, such as range to the target, wind direction, wind velocity, altitude and elevation of the sniper, and the target and ambient temperature. Mistakes in estimation compound
3428:
figures were painted to resemble soldiers to draw sniper fire. Some were equipped with rubber surgical tubing so the dummy could "smoke" a cigarette and thus appear realistic. Holes punched in the dummy by enemy sniper bullets then could be used for triangulation purposes to determine the position of
3178:
rather than the inaccurate smoothbore muskets used by most troops at that time. Through the combination of a leather wad and tight grooves on the inside of the barrel (rifling), this weapon was far more accurate, though slower to load. On 25 August 1800, three companies, under the command of
Stewart,
4591:
In 2003, the U.S.-led multinational coalition composed of primarily U.S. and UK troops occupied Iraq and attempted to establish a new government in the country. However, shortly after the initial invasion, violence against coalition forces and among various sectarian groups led to asymmetric warfare
4546:
of late 2002 (Lee Boyd Malvo). However, these incidents usually do not involve the range or skill of military snipers; in all three cases the perpetrators had U.S. military training, but in other specialties. News reports will often (inaccurately) use the term sniper to describe anyone shooting with
3610:
rifles, but there were often not enough of these weapons available, and as such some were armed with captured scoped MosinâNagant 1891/30, SVT, Czech Mauser rifles or scoped Gewehr 98 from WW1. The
Wehrmacht re-established its sniper training in 1942, drastically increasing the number of snipers per
3384:
had troops that were issued scoped sniper rifles. Although sharpshooters existed on all sides, the
Germans specially equipped some of their soldiers with scoped rifles that could pick off enemy soldiers showing their heads out of their trench. At first the French and British believed such hits to be
2313:
due to its alertness, camouflaging color and erratic flight behavior. Snipe hunters therefore needed to be stealthy in addition to being good trackers and marksmen. In the 18th century, letters sent home by
English officers in India referred to a day's rough shooting as "going sniping", as it took a
4576:
Snipers are less likely to be treated mercifully than non-snipers if captured by the enemy. The rationale for this is that ordinary soldiers shoot at each other at 'equal opportunity' whilst snipers take their time in tracking and killing individual targets in a methodical fashion with a relatively
4461:
The more rounds fired by a sniper, the greater the chance the target has of locating him. Thus, attempts to draw fire are often made, sometimes by offering a helmet slightly out of concealment, a tactic successfully employed in the Winter War by the Finns known as "KylmÀ-Kalle" (Cold
Charlie). They
4306:
Often in situations with multiple targets, snipers use relocation. After firing a few shots from a certain position, snipers move unseen to another location before the enemy can determine where they are and mount a counter-attack. Snipers will frequently use this tactic to their advantage, creating
3697:
Those tactics were also a consequence of changes in German enlistment. After several years of war and heavy losses on the
Eastern Front, the German army was forced to rely more heavily on enlisting teenage soldiers. Due to lack of training in more complex group tactics, and thanks to rifle training
4168:
Windage plays a significant role, with the effect increasing with wind speed or the distance of the shot. The slant of visible convections near the ground can be used to estimate crosswinds, and correct the point of aim. All adjustments for range, wind, and elevation can be performed by aiming off
4164:
of the angle of fire with respect to the horizon affects the rate of fall of the bullet, with the remainder adding or subtracting negligible velocity to the bullet along its trajectory. To find the correct zero, the sniper multiplies the actual distance to the range by this fraction and aims as if
4053:
training centres. In place of the Soviet practice of mainly squad sharpshooters, which were often designated during initial training (and of whom only few become snipers per se), these new army snipers are trained intensively for three months (for conscripts) or longer (for contract soldiers). The
3693:
The U.S. Army's lack of familiarity with sniping tactics proved disastrous in
Normandy and the campaign in Western Europe where they encountered well trained German snipers. In Normandy, German snipers remained hidden in the dense vegetation and were able to encircle American units, firing at them
3662:
In the United States Armed Forces, sniper training was only very elementary and was mainly concerned with being able to hit targets over long distances. Snipers were required to be able to hit a body over 400 meters away, and a head over 200 meters away. There was almost no instruction in blending
3717:
troops. Japanese snipers were specially trained to use the environment to conceal themselves. Japanese snipers used foliage on their uniforms and dug well-concealed hide-outs that were often connected with small trenches. There was no need for long range accuracy because most combat in the jungle
3423:
He also devised a metal-armoured double loophole that would protect the sniper observer from enemy fire. The front loophole was fixed, but the rear was housed in a metal shutter sliding in grooves. Only when the two loopholes were lined upâa one-to-twenty chanceâcould an enemy shoot between them.
4118:
to measure the height of a target, and if the height is known, the range can be as well. The height of the target (in yards) Ă1000, divided by the height of the target (in mils), gives the range in yards. This is only in general, however, as both scope magnification (7Ă, 40Ă) and mil dot spacing
4015:
will steady a rifle and contribute to consistency. In particular, bipods help when firing from a prone position, and enable the firing position to be sustained for an extended period of time. Many police and military sniper rifles come equipped with an adjustable bipod. Makeshift bipods known as
3639:
A total of 428,335 individuals received Red Army sniper training, including Soviet and non-Soviet partisans, with 9,534 receiving the sniping 'higher qualification'. During World War ĐĐ, two six-month training courses for women alone trained nearly 55,000 snipers, of which more than two thousand
2676:
The German doctrine of largely independent snipers and emphasis on concealment, developed during the Second World War, has been most influential on modern sniper tactics, and is currently used throughout
Western militaries (examples are specialized camouflage clothing, concealment in terrain and
5317:
U.S. Army SGT Christopher Dale Abbott: As part of a U.S. Army counter-IED team in Iraq in 2007â2008, Abbott recorded 22 confirmed kills with an M24 7.62Ă51mm rifle for a period of only 7 months before being injured and sent out of theater. He and his team were tasked with seeking out insurgents
4831:
troops from the 6th Vermont claim to have shot an unidentified sharpshooter as they crossed the fields seeking revenge. The shooting of Sedgewick caused administrative delays in the Union's attack and led to Confederate victory. Sedgwick ignored advice to take cover, his last words according to
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target rifle at the then-incredible distance of minimum 730 metres (798 yd). Ben Powell of the 12th South Carolina claimed credit, although his account has been discounted because the general he shot at with a Whitworth rifled musket was mounted, probably Brig Gen. William H. Morris. Union
4216:
Shot placement, which is where on the body the sniper is aiming, varies with the type of sniper. Military snipers, who generally do not shoot at targets at less than 300 m (330 yd), usually attempt body shots, aiming at the chest. These shots depend on tissue damage, organ trauma, and
2962:
when the German police could not deploy specialized personnel or equipment during the standoff at the airport in the closing phase of the crisis, and consequently all of the Israeli hostages were killed. While the German army did have snipers in 1972, the use of army snipers in the scenario was
2938:
Police units that are unequipped for tactical operations may rely on a specialized SWAT team, which may have a dedicated sniper. Some police sniper operations begin with military assistance. Police snipers placed in vantage points, such as high buildings, can provide security for events. In one
4356:
Due to the surprise nature of sniper fire, high lethality of aimed shots and frustration at the inability to locate and counterattack snipers, sniper tactics have a significant negative effect on morale. Extensive use of sniper tactics can be used to induce constant stress and fear in opposing
4176:
For moving targets, the point-of-aim is ahead of the target in the direction of movement. Known as "leading" the target, the amount of "lead" depends on the speed and angle of the target's movement as well as the distance to the target. For this technique, holding over is the preferred method.
4103:
poles, fence posts) to determine the additional distance. The average human head is 150 millimeters (5.9 in) in width, average human shoulders are 500 millimeters (20 in) apart and the average distance from a person's pelvis to the top of their head is 1,000 millimeters (39 in).
4388:
Historically, units that suffered heavy and continual casualties from urban sniper fire and were frustrated by their inability to strike back effectively often have become enraged. Such units may overreact and violate the laws of land warfare concerning the treatment of captured snipers. This
4383:
As a result, if a sniper is in imminent danger of capture, he may discard any items (sniper rifle, laser rangefinder, etc.) which might indicate his status as a sniper. The risk of captured snipers being summarily executed is explicitly referred to in Chapter 6 of US Army doctrine document FM
3623:
in 50 m increments for ranges from 100 m up to 800 m or in some variations from 100 m up to 1000 m or 1200 m. There were ZF42, Zielfernrohr 43 (ZF 4), Zeiss Zielsechs 6x, Zeiss Zielacht 8x and other telescopic sights by various manufacturers like the Ajack 4x, Hensoldt Dialytan 4x and Kahles
3228:. At trials in 1857 which tested the accuracy and range of both weapons, Whitworth's design outperformed the Enfield at a rate of about three to one. The Whitworth rifle was capable of hitting the target at a range of 2,000 yards, whereas the Enfield could only manage it at 1,400 yards.
3419:
in France in 1916. Starting with a first class of only six, in time he was able to lecture to large numbers of soldiers from different Allied nations, proudly proclaiming in a letter that his school was turning out snipers at three times the rate of any such other school in the world.
2912:, commonly called police snipers, and military snipers differ in many ways, including their areas of operation and tactics. A police sharpshooter is part of a police operation and usually takes part in relatively short missions. Police forces typically deploy such sharpshooters in
5409:
U.S. Army Staff Sergeant Justin Morales â As part of the U.S. Army CIST (Counter Insurgent Sniper Team) in Iraq, he recorded 27 confirmed kills with an M24 7.62Ă51mm NATO rifle. From 2005 to 2006, Morales and his team in Balad, Iraq were tasked with seeking out insurgents placing
3807:
empty while they line up and take their shot. Other doctrines assert that exhausting the lungs results in an accelerated heart rate and suggest only a partial exhale before firing. Some go further, teaching their snipers to shoot between heartbeats to minimize barrel motion.
5285:, the insurgents named him 'Al-Shaitan Ramad' â the Devil of Rahmadi â and put a $ 20,000 bounty on his head. Kyle was honorably discharged in 2009, and on 2 February 2013, was murdered at a shooting range along with another victim in Texas by a Marine veteran suffering from
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in the Chora Valley of Oruzgan Province, Afghanistan. In that action, patrol sniper Roberts-Smith prevented an outnumbered patrol from being overrun by anti-coalition militia with sniper fire. Subsequently, in early 2011, he became the second Australian to be awarded the
3505:. Soviet snipers were trained in their skills as marksmen, in using the terrain to hide themselves from the enemy and the ability to work alongside regular forces. This made the Soviet sniper training focus more on "normal" combat situations than those of other nations.
3124:⊠in erecting our batteries, the people frequently play tricks, by putting a hat with a cockade in it on a spunge staff, which the enemy fire at and often hit, to the diversion of the soldiery, who humorously call it sniping, and watch the flash to return the fire.
4201:" refers to a covered and concealed position from which a sniper and his team can conduct surveillance or fire at targets. A good hide conceals and camouflages the sniper effectively, provides cover from enemy fire and allows a wide view of the surrounding area.
3575:. Their defensive position inside a city filled with rubble meant that Soviet snipers were able to inflict significant casualties on the Wehrmacht troops. Because of the nature of fighting in city rubble, snipers were very hard to spot and seriously dented the
4091:
and the sniper must compensate for this by aiming higher at longer distances. If the exact distance is not known the sniper may compensate incorrectly and the bullet path may be too high or low. As an example, for a typical military sniping cartridge such as
3385:
coincidental hits, until the German scoped rifles were discovered. During World War I, the German army received a reputation for the deadliness and efficiency of its snipers, partly because of the high-quality lenses that German industry could manufacture.
3663:
into the environment. Sniper training varied from place to place, resulting in wide variation in the qualities of snipers. The main reason the US did not extend sniper training beyond long-range shooting was the limited deployment of US soldiers until the
4573:
larger regular force â regardless of the size of the force the snipers are attached to. It is widely accepted that sniping, while effective in specific instances, is much more effective as a broadly deployed psychological attack or as a force-multiplier.
4258:, reconnaissance is one of the most effective uses of snipers. They use their aerobic conditioning, infiltration skills and excellent long-distance observation equipment (optical scopes) and tactics to approach and observe the enemy. In this role, their
3995:
The key to sniping is accuracy, which applies to both the weapon and the shooter. The weapon should be able to consistently place shots within tight tolerances. The sniper in turn must use the weapon to accurately place shots under varying conditions.
3547:
with 345 confirmed kills. In Germany, confirmed kills are only valid in the presence of an officer, so Hetzenauer's estimated kills are many times higher. His longest confirmed kill was reported at 1,100 meters (1,200 yards). Hetzenauer received the
4442:
The occurrence of sniper warfare has led to the evolution of many counter-sniper tactics in modern military strategies. These aim to reduce the damage caused by a sniper to an army, which can often be harmful to both combat capabilities and morale.
4293:
and McMillan, are not designed exclusively as AM rifles, but are often employed in such a way, providing the range and power needed for AM applications in a lightweight package compared to most traditional AM rifles. Other calibers, such as the
3082:
and inaccurate over long distance. Barrel rifling was invented at the end of the fifteenth century, but was only employed in large cannons. Over time, rifling, along with other gunnery advances, has increased the performance of modern firearms.
5432:
sniper rifle set a new world record for the longest confirmed kill shot at a distance of 3,540 m (3,871 yd). The shot was fired from a high-rise building and the bullet travelled for "under 10 seconds" before hitting the target, an
4613:
Training materials obtained by U.S. intelligence had among its tips for shooting U.S. troops, "Killing doctors and chaplains is suggested as a means of psychological warfare.", suggesting that those casualties would demoralize entire units.
4493:. Though these may not kill a sniper, they will reveal their location. Booby-trap devices can be placed near likely sniper hides, or along the probable routes to and from positions. Knowledge of sniper field-craft will assist in this task.
4207:
Many snipers use ghillie suits to hide and stay hidden. Ghillie suits vary according to the terrain into which the sniper wishes to blend. For example, in dry grassland the sniper will typically wear a ghillie suit covered in dead grass.
4057:
The method of sniper deployment, according to the Ministry of Defence, is likely to be one three-platoon company at the brigade level, with one of the platoons acting independently and the other two supporting the battalions as needed.
3650:
4315:
As sniper rifles are often extremely powerful and consequently loud, it is common for snipers to use a technique known as sound masking. When employed by a highly skilled marksman, this tactic can be used as a substitute for a noise
4958:
and is regarded by many as the most effective sniper in the history of warfare, being credited with killing up to 705 Soviet soldiers (505 sniper kills, and estimated 200 sub-machine gun kills) in fewer than 100 days. HÀyhÀ used a
4446:
The risk of damage to a chain of command can be reduced by removing or concealing features that would otherwise indicate an officer's rank. Modern armies tend to avoid saluting officers in the field, and eliminate rank insignia on
4481:, or other booby-traps near suspected sniper positions. Even dummy trip-wires can be placed to hamper sniper movement. If anti-personnel mines are unavailable, it is possible to improvise booby-traps by connecting trip-wires to
5221:) â briefly held the record for the longest recorded and confirmed sniper kill at 2,310 m (2,526 yd) in 2002, eclipsing U.S. Marine Gunnery Sergeant Carlos Hathcock's previous record established in 1967. Perry used a
3239:. This allowed a marksman to observe and target objects more accurately at a greater distance than ever before. The telescopic sight, or scope, was originally fixed and could not be adjusted, which therefore limited its range.
4253:
Snipers are trained for the detection, identification, and location of a targeted soldier in sufficient detail to permit the effective employment of lethal and non-lethal means. Since most kills in modern warfare are by other
3344:
said of them that "keener men never lived", and that "Burnham was the greatest scout of our time." Burnham distinguished himself in wars in South Africa, Rhodesia, and in Arizona fighting the Apaches, and his definitive work,
4273:, sitting as a passenger in a car, sitting in a car with a large radio antenna, having military servants, binoculars/map cases or talking and moving position more frequently. If possible, snipers shoot in descending order by
2967:'s explicit prohibition of the use of the military in domestic matters. This lack of trained snipers who could be used in civilian roles was later addressed with the founding of the specialized police counter-terrorist unit
5364:", a sniper who features in several propaganda videos. Juba has allegedly shot 37 American soldiers, although whether Juba is a real individual is unknown. He may be a constructed composite of a number of insurgent snipers.
8232:
5298:
U.S. Marine Corps Staff Sergeant Steve Reichert â Killed an Iraqi insurgent and possibly injured two more hiding behind a brick wall with a shot from 1 mile in Lutayfiyah, Iraq on 9 April 2004. Reichert was using a
4054:
training program includes theory and practice of countersniper engagements, artillery spotting, and coordination of air support. The first instructors are the graduates of the Solnechnogorsk sniper training centre.
2669:, two teams would be deployed together to increase their security and effectiveness in an urban environment. A sniper team would be armed with a long-range weapon and a rapid-firing shorter-ranged weapon in case of
3207:
to snipe at advancing enemy forces in response to detection by the enemy. They executed this often from a perch high in trees. The Whitworth rifle was arguably the first long-range sniper rifle in the world. A
4028:
Servicemen volunteer for the rigorous sniper training and are accepted on the basis of their aptitude, physical ability, marksmanship, patience and mental stability. Military snipers may be further trained as
4288:
sets. A sniper equipped with the correct rifle can target radar dishes, water containers, the engines of vehicles, and any number of other targets. Other rifles, such as the .50 caliber rifles produced by
2213:
targets from positions of concealment or at distances exceeding the target's detection capabilities. Snipers generally have specialized training and are equipped with telescopic sights. Modern snipers use
5074:, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces. He is credited with stalking and killing 33 German snipers in the
3136:
had a tall, distinguished American officer in his rifle's iron sights. Ferguson did not take the shot, as he considered shooting anyone in the back dishonourable. Only later, did Ferguson learn that
7949:
4742:) â developer of the world's first breech-loaded military rifle (which advanced sniping and sharpshooting tactics), fought with his Corps of Riflemen (recruited from the 6th and 14th Foot) at the
4087:
The range to the target is measured or estimated as precisely as conditions permit and correct range estimation becomes absolutely critical at long ranges, because a bullet travels with a curved
4530:
The use of sniping (in the sense of shooting at relatively long range from a concealed position) to murder came to public attention in a number of sensational U.S. criminal cases, including the
3780:
and map reading as well as precision marksmanship under various operational conditions. Trainees typically shoot thousands of rounds over a number of weeks, while learning these core skills.
4235:
In a high-risk or hostage-taking situation where a suspect is imminently threatening to kill a hostage, police snipers may take head shots to ensure an instant kill. The snipers aim for the
4232:
sniper took a shot from 80 m (87 yd) at the pistol of a police officer threatening to commit suicide, destroying the weapon and preventing the police officer from killing himself.
3429:
the enemy sniper, who could then be attacked with artillery fire. He developed many of the modern techniques in sniping, including the use of spotting scopes and working in pairs, and using
3640:
later served in the army. On average there was at least one sniper in an infantry platoon and one in every reconnaissance platoon, including in tank and even artillery units. Some used the
5281:
alone, when U.S. Marines fought running battles in the streets with several thousand insurgents, he killed 40 enemy personnel. For his deadly record as a marksman during his deployment to
4284:, are designed for a purely anti-materiel (AM) role, e.g. shooting turbine disks of parked aircraft, missile guidance packages, expensive optics, and the bearings, tubes or wave guides of
4141:
At longer ranges, bullet drop plays a significant role in targeting. The effect can be estimated from a chart, which may be memorized or taped to the rifle, although some scopes come with
3231:
During the Crimean War, the first optical sights were designed to fit onto rifles. Much of this pioneering work was the brainchild of Colonel D. Davidson, using optical sights produced by
7829:
8891:
4454:
Friendly snipers can be used to hunt the enemy sniper. Besides direct observation, defending forces can use other techniques. These include calculating the trajectory of a bullet by
3328:. Burnham fittingly described these scouts as "half wolf and half jackrabbit.". Just like their Boer scout opponents, these scouts were well practised in the arts of marksmanship,
6770:
Copper, Jeff (July 1994). "Cooper's Scout rifle a gun for all reasons: whether it be for hunting or individual combat, this concept may just be the ultimate dual-purpose rifle".
4145:(BDC) systems that only require the range be dialed in. These are tuned to both a specific class of rifle and specific ammunition. Every bullet type and load will have different
8862:
6121:
4320:. Very loud sounds in the environment, such as artillery shells air bursting or claps of thunder, can often mask the sound of the shot. This technique is frequently used in
4224:
Police snipers, who generally shoot at much shorter distances, may attempt a more precise shot at particular parts of body or particular devices: in one incident in 2007 in
2800:, the shooter does not operate alone, but has a backup shooter trained to fulfill multiple roles in addition to being sniper-qualified in the operation of the main weapon.
4397:, when American "Marksmen" intentionally targeted British officers, an act considered uncivilized by the British Army at the time (this reputation was cemented during the
4239:
to sever the spine from the brain. While this is believed to prevent the target from reflexively firing their weapon, there is evidence that any brain-hit is sufficient.
2318:
sportsman a lot of patience and endurance to wing-shoot a snipe in flight. Accomplishing such a shot was regarded as exceptional. During the late 18th century, the term
8493:
5307:
multipurpose rounds. During the same engagement Reichert killed an Iraqi machine gunner pinning down a squad of Marines from a distance of 1,614 m (1,765 yd).
7856:
5529:
3396:
both for discharging firearms and for observation. Often a steel plate was used with a "key hole", which had a rotating piece to cover the loophole when not in use.
3220:
instead, which meant that the projectile did not have to bite into grooves as was done with conventional rifling. The Whitworth rifle was far more accurate than the
6253:
3262:
was killed by a Confederate Whitworth sharpshooter at a range of about 1,000 yards (910 meters) after saying the enemy "couldn't hit an elephant at this distance".
8807:
7957:
8882:
3836:
Range and accuracy vary depending on the cartridge and specific ammunition types that are used. Typical ranges for common battle field cartridges are as follows:
8668:
8170:
6146:
2834:
The spotter is responsible for detecting, identifying and assigning priority of targets for the shooter, as well as assessing the outcome of the shot. Using a
5085:
after World War II. He became one of the most effective snipers during the Korean War, during which in one instance he killed 30 soldiers in a single morning.
2778:) consists of a combination of at least one primary weapon operator, (ie: the shooter), with other support personnel and force protection elements, such as a
2425:
Snipers are also called "hunters" in many languages, due to the nature of the craft (with the hunting horn also being a symbol of marksmanship), being called
7665:
7651:, p. 132 â "In 1971, the Provisional IRA shot dead forty-two British soldiers. In 1972, this figure rose to sixty-four, most of them killed by snipers."
8035:
Rhea, Gordon C. The Battles for Spotsylvania Court House and the Road to Yellow Tavern 7â12 May 1864. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1997.
3170:
of the British Army proposed using what they had learned while leading light infantry to establish a special unit of marksmen. Subsequently raised as the "
3516:, lone, well-hidden French and British snipers were able to halt the German advance for a considerable amount of time. For example, during the pursuit to
55:
3783:
Snipers are trained to squeeze the trigger straight back with the ball of their finger, to avoid jerking the gun sideways. The most accurate position is
9318:
6170:
3497:, most nations dropped their specialized sniper units, notably the Germans. Effectiveness and dangers of snipers once again came to the fore during the
8510:
Viet Cong shot dead by a round fired from a scope-mounted Browning M-2 .50 caliber machine gun at the unbelievable range of 2,500 yards (2,300 m).
4451:. Officers can seek maximum cover before revealing themselves as good candidates for elimination through actions such as reading maps or using radios.
7546:
3167:
3803:
is wrapped around the weak arm (or both) to reduce stock movement. Some doctrines train a sniper to breathe deeply before shooting, then hold their
8100:
3336:
and practitioners of discretion: "He who shoots and runs away, lives to shoot another day." They were also the first known military unit to wear a
8104:
4947:
sniper credited with 378 kills, and an unknown number of unconfirmed kills. He only took credit for kills when they were verified by an officer.
4357:
forces, making them afraid to move about or leave cover. In many ways, the psychological impact imposed by snipers is quite similar to those of
8833:
7917:
7133:
4606:
Through to November 2005 the Army had attributed 28 of 2,100 U.S. deaths to enemy snipers. In 2006, it was claimed that one insurgent sniper, "
2552:
A sniper's primary function in modern warfare is to stay concealed at all times and avoid detection. Then from long range, to provide detailed
8149:
6301:
3120:
Hunting terminology was quickly adapted to warfare by British soldiers. In a 1772 letter, a soldier described enemies firing very accurately:
8577:
5970:
4298:
and the .338 Lapua Magnum, are designed to be capable of limited AM application, but are ideally suited as long range anti-personnel rounds.
2964:
7833:
4409:, an act that won the battle and French support). The British side used specially selected sharpshooters as well, often German mercenaries.
3254:
during the American Civil War, where both the Union and Confederate armies employed sharpshooters. The most notable incident was during the
6000:
3571:
One of the best known battles involving snipers, and the battle that made the Germans reinstate their specialized sniper training, was the
6068:
8082:
5100:
achieved 93 confirmed kills during the Vietnam War but believed to have over 200 unconfirmed kills. With a telescopic-scoped .50 caliber
3171:
2807:
and handles ancillary tasks as immediate security of their location, communication with other parties (e.g. directing artillery fire and
2294:
7242:
7228:
5422:
2939:
high-profile incident commonly referred to as "The Shot Seen Around the World" due to going viral online, Mike Plumb, a SWAT sniper in
8918:
8901:
8776:
7802:
7582:
8497:
7329:
6049:
1140:
5666:"This Regiment has several Field Pieces, and two companies of Sharp Shooters, which are very necessary in the modern Stile of War"
5025:
was an Austrian sniper in World War II who was credited with 345 confirmed kills on the Eastern Front, the most successful in the
2916:
scenarios. This differs from a military sniper, who operates as part of a larger army, engaged in warfare. Sometimes as part of a
5107:, he set a world record for the longest recorded sniper kill at 2,286 m (2,500 yd) which stood for 35 years until 2002.
5091:
was a Soviet sniper during World War II credited with 59 confirmed kills, including twelve soldiers during the Battle of Vilnius.
2556:
from a concealed position and, if necessary, to reduce the enemy's combat ability by neutralizing high-value targets (especially
2402:
on the other. The earliest known date for the creation of a shooting club formed specifically for the use of firearms comes from
1572:
7202:
5530:"What is a Sniper in the Army & Other Military Branches? What is the Longest Sniper Rifle Shot? â Shooting Range Industries"
8573:
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rifles from Germany. In the open terrain of South Africa the marksmen were a crucial component to the outcome of the battle.
3024:
4988:(World War II) was a female Soviet sniper with 309 confirmed kills, making her the most successful female sniper in history.
3196:
7674:
7268:
6551:"Minutes of proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers, Volume 19" By Institution of Civil Engineers (Great Britain)
5434:
8759:
6594:"Minutes of proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers". Institution of Civil Engineers (Great Britain), 1860, p.12
6562:
4020:
can be constructed from items such as tree branches or ski poles. Some military snipers use three-legged shooting sticks.
2653:
Military snipers from the US, UK and other countries that adopt their military doctrine are typically deployed in two-man
9393:
6933:
6906:
6835:
6257:
5314:
rifle at 1,250 m (1,367 yd) with a M24, killing an Iraqi insurgent sniper in Ramadi, Iraq on 27 September 2005.
5274:
4835:
being, "They couldn't hit an elephant at this dist-", whereupon he was shot. In reality, he was shot a few minutes later.
4566:
3549:
3325:
2788:
1928:
196:
4647:
7056:
4823:
4531:
3555:
3255:
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caused by ground heat. Also, in conjunction with the shooter, the spotter will calculate the distance, shooting angle (
2123:
1901:
511:
7747:
Sniper: Master of Terrain, Technology, And Timing, He Is A Hunter of Human Prey and the Military's Most Feared Fighter
5038:
Chinese Sergeant Tung Chih Yeh claimed to have shot and killed over 100 Imperial Japanese Army (IJA) soldiers using a
4307:
an atmosphere of chaos and confusion. In other, rarer situations, relocation is used to eliminate the factor of wind.
4156:
does not act perpendicular to the direction the bullet is traveling. Thus, gravity must be divided into its component
3713:
trained snipers. In the jungles of Asia and the Pacific Islands, snipers posed a serious threat to U.S., British, and
9025:
8678:
8353:
8040:
7570:
7362:
7032:
6997:
6943:
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5733:
5698:
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4692:
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4558:
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include squad-level snipers. Snipers have increasingly been demonstrated as useful by US and UK forces in the recent
1577:
153:
4775:
3679:
and mountainous regions where the potential for concealment was limited, in contrast to Western and Central Europe.
6235:
6209:
5354:
5310:
U.S. Army Staff Sergeant Jim Gilliland â Previously held the record for the longest recorded confirmed kill with a
1655:
8438:
7662:
3524:, the resulting small number of trained snipers in combat units considerably reduced their overall effectiveness.
9383:
7866:
6279:
5406:
rifle, Roberts-Smith was placed into a firefight by helicopter and subsequently eliminated machine gun positions.
4725:
3672:
2803:
The shooter focuses mainly on firing the shot, while the spotter assists in observation of targets, accounts for
2360:, in use by British newspapers as early as 1801. The word alludes to good marksmanship, itself descendent of the
2000:
1638:
1425:
245:
4557:, where in 1972, the bloodiest year of the conflict, the majority of the soldiers killed were shot by concealed
9388:
8265:
5286:
4290:
4017:
3828:
3200:
2815:
observing areas not immediately visible to the sniper and spotter, assisting with the team's rear security and
2716:
1764:
7080:
4793:) â commanded 1st and 2nd US Sharpshooters, who were trained and equipped Union marksmen with the .52 caliber
4066:
9328:
8467:
7774:
6184:
5631:
5475:
5196:
4763:, usually in pairs and trusted to choose their own targets, they wrought havoc amongst the French during the
4539:
3352:
After the war, this regiment went on to formally become the first official sniper unit, then better known as
3317:
2994:
2980:
2181:
1628:
5353:
sniper Corporal I.R. Premasiri, alias "Nero", of the 5th Battalion in the Gajaba Regiment has 180 confirmed
4142:
5378:
5371:
5035:â Austrian sniper, who has served in 3. Gebirgsjaegerdivision during WW II and credited 64 confirmed kills.
3628:
produced by various manufacturers were used for mounting aiming optics to the rifles. In February 1945 the
2118:
817:
577:
7888:
7330:"J'ai fait mouche sur son arme Ă 80 mĂštres pour le sauver (ENG:I hit his weapon at 80 meters to save him)"
4011:
A sandbag can serve as a useful platform for shooting a sniper rifle, although any soft surface such as a
3746:
2482:(in Italian Francesco Giuseppe I; Cecco and Beppe are nicknames for Francesco and Giuseppe respectively).
9429:
8238:
6508:
5495:
5443:
5411:
5403:
5319:
5187:
in Helmand Province in Afghanistan in November 2009 at a range of 2,475 m (2,707 yd), using an
4866:, but he left the United States to scout in Africa and went on to command the British Army Scouts in the
4366:
3412:
3002:
2998:
2951:
2491:
2128:
1315:
1112:
983:
521:
125:
4135:
9404:
5329:â As of 2010, Kellner is still active as a sniper in the U.S. Army, with 78 confirmed kills during the
5149:
4914:
4739:
4721:
4703:, was the first recorded British sniper victim, killed by a Royalist soldier hiding in a bell tower in
4523:
3816:
3048:
2797:
1592:
65:
7996:
7565:
Petri Sarjanen (1998). Valkoinen kuolema: Talvisodan legendaarisen tarkka-ampujan Simo HÀyhÀn tarina.
6004:
5056:(Chinese: ćŒ æĄèł; Traditional Chinese: ćŒ”æĄèł; WadeâGiles: Zhang Tao-fang) was a Chinese soldier during the
4937:; he may have had close to 300 kills in total at Gallipoli, and went on to fight at the Western Front.
4894:, known among enemies by the nickname "White Death", is generally recognized as the world's deadliest
4204:
The main purpose of ghillie suits and hide sites is to break up the outline of a person with a rifle.
9449:
9424:
9344:
7520:
7122:
5942:
5278:
4973:
has been said to have killed 702 enemy troops, Vladimir Gavrilovich Salbiev had 601 confirmed kills,
4839:
4562:
4469:
Other tactics include directing artillery or mortar fire onto suspected sniper positions, the use of
3321:
3274:
3001:
in November 2023, hitting a Russian soldier at a distance of 3,800 m (4,156 yd) during the
2828:
1702:
1210:
554:
428:
262:
7927:
4377:
3438:
3047:
in Helmand Province in Afghanistan at a range of 2,475 m (2,707 yd) or 1.54 miles using a
8078:
5136:
5047:
4771:
4349:
3620:
3521:
3408:
3349:
provides a dramatic and enlightening picture of what a sniper was at the time and how he operated.
3341:
2569:
2153:
2020:
1567:
1260:
1073:
921:
9175:
Sniping in France 1914-18: With Notes on the Scientific Training of Scouts, Observers, and Snipers
9075:
Hesketh Prichard, D.S.O., M.C.: hunter: explorer: naturalist: cricketer: author: soldier; a memoir
7148:
6973:"Sniping in France : with notes on the scientific training of scouts, observers, and snipers"
5978:
5251:) â achieved a recorded and confirmed sniper kill at 2,430 m (2,657 yd) in 2002 using a
4895:
2478:
is derived from Cecco (Beppe), familiarly and mockingly referring to the Austro-Hungarian Emperor
9439:
6864:
5905:
5399:
5172:
5101:
4992:
4843:
4717:
4656:
3719:
3580:
3251:
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2943:, prevented a suicide by shooting a revolver out of the individual's hand, leaving him unharmed.
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2419:
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1844:
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863:
526:
405:
121:
39:
17:
8234:
A Fatherly Eye: Indian Agents, Government Power, and Aboriginal Resistance in Ontario, 1918â1939
2958:
The need for specialized training for police sharpshooters was made apparent in 1972 during the
8419:
8401:
7612:
7428:
6072:
5154:
4974:
4565:
personnel being shot with .50 caliber Barrett rifles by sniper teams collectively known as the
4543:
4437:
4345:
4321:
4295:
3982:
3914:
3242:
Despite its success at the trials, the rifle was not adopted by the British Army. However, the
2909:
2898:
2839:
2767:
2601:
2585:
2557:
2503:
2262:
1973:
1948:
1670:
1582:
1455:
1330:
926:
903:
329:
228:
129:
109:
8480:...famous Hathcock shot that killed an enemy from more than 2,500 yards (2,300 m) away...
7742:
7715:
7616:
7423:
Trigger Men: Shadow Team, Spider-Man, the Magnificent Bastards, and the American Combat Sniper
6719:
6346:
5022:
3544:
3012:
special forces who in June 2017 achieved a hit at a distance of 3,540 m (3,871 yd).
9434:
8990:
8943:
7690:
Crosshairs on the Kill Zone: American Combat Snipers, Vietnam through Operation Iraqi Freedom
7688:
7460:
7386:
6685:
6653:
6613:
6448:
6414:
6380:
5664:, 23 June 1801, can be found the following quote in a piece about the North British Militia;
5470:
5229:
rifle. A few days later, a new record was achieved by his teammate during the same operation.
5039:
4970:
4960:
4910:
4413:
3902:
3738:
3286:
3151:
hid in the trees and used early model rifles to shoot senior British officers. Most notably,
3106:
2643:
2573:
2210:
1562:
1495:
1448:
1097:
1060:
1023:
941:
893:
777:
587:
380:
284:
8318:
7246:
6534:
5402:
in June 2010, having provided sniper over-watch for ground forces from a helicopter with an
4778:
and one of his aides at a range of between 200 and 600 metres (219 and 656 yd) using a
3682:
3625:
3424:
Another innovation was the use of a dummy head to find the location of an enemy sniper. The
3407:
Soon the British army began to train their own snipers in specialized sniper schools. Major
9017:
6026:
5000:
4985:
4940:
4743:
4518:
4448:
4325:
3742:
3714:
3572:
3560:
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3450:
3221:
3148:
3129:
2804:
2670:
2258:
1953:
1855:
1712:
1707:
1525:
1490:
1225:
1040:
898:
834:
688:
658:
235:
133:
8922:
8369:
3380:, snipers appeared as deadly sharpshooters in the trenches. At the start of the war, only
8:
9088:
8784:
8664:
7806:
7590:
7128:
5447:
5374:
4855:
4729:
4394:
4259:
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3290:
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3144:
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2985:
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2234:
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1505:
1465:
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1085:
1035:
802:
792:
757:
549:
539:
289:
213:
8700:
8443:[When the Motherland is in danger] (in Russian). Nord.pomorsu.ru. Archived from
5460:
2920:
team, police snipers are deployed alongside negotiators and an assault team trained for
2516:
Over-watch being provided by an army sergeant during a high-level meeting, Baghdad, Iraq
8547:
8094:
8055:
7421:
5425:
5382:
5344:
5262:
5244:
5214:
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4262:
typically let them shoot at high-value targets of opportunity, such as enemy officers.
4255:
4248:
4106:
To determine the range to a target without a laser rangefinder, the sniper may use the
4034:
3753:. The Italians trained few snipers and supplied them with a scoped Carcano Model 1891.
3624:
Heliavier 4x with similar features employed on German sniper rifles. Several different
3591:
3509:
3393:
3369:
3094:(later "sharpshooting" or "sniping") occurred as early as the mid-eighteenth century.
2793:
2763:
2665:. In most recent combat operations occurring in large densely populated towns, such as
2581:
2525:
2407:
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1993:
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1080:
1045:
998:
873:
844:
797:
735:
710:
544:
338:
257:
8370:"Osprey Men-at-Arms 424: The Chinese Army 1937â1949 : World War II and Civil War"
7462:
Out of Nowhere: A history of the military sniper, from the Sharpshooter to Afghanistan
6608:
The Battles for Spotsylvania Court House and the Road to Yellow Tavern, May 7â12, 1864
6564:
Out of Nowhere: A history of the military sniper, from the Sharpshooter to Afghanistan
4629:
in Libya in 2011, both from anti-governmental and pro-governmental supporters, and in
9444:
9352:
9300:
9278:
9256:
9230:
9204:
9200:
9178:
9156:
9127:
9098:
9059:
9040:
9021:
8994:
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8947:
8349:
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8214:
8123:
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5581:
5571:
5395:
5368:
5192:
5176:
5169:
5104:
4863:
4818:
During the American Civil War, an unidentified Confederate sniper shot Major General
4700:
4595:
4509:
4466:"Norsupyssy" ("Elephant rifle") anti-tank rifle was fired at the sniper to kill him.
4425:
4373:
4329:
4236:
4099:
4050:
3926:
3664:
3498:
3462:
3425:
3217:
3137:
3028:
2927:
2831:. Both the spotter and flanker carry additional ammunition and associated equipment.
2816:
2812:
2808:
2658:
2538:
2238:
2174:
2083:
2030:
1933:
1923:
1918:
1888:
1871:
1866:
1839:
1784:
1485:
1475:
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1170:
1165:
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1135:
1050:
1003:
973:
812:
605:
582:
516:
157:
8581:
8305:
6485:
5311:
4797:. It has been claimed that Berdan's units killed more enemies than any other in the
4093:
3943:
3854:
3629:
3191:
The term, "sharp shooter" was in use in British newspapers as early as 1801. In the
2946:
2143:
9419:
9323:
8077:
7551:
5510:
5480:
5116:
5094:
5061:
4964:
4827:
4735:
4660:
4551:
4417:
4177:
Anticipating the behavior of the target is necessary to accurately place the shot.
4170:
4157:
4119:
change. The USMC standard is that 1 mil (that is, 1 milliradian) equals 3.438 MOA (
3800:
3792:
3750:
3726:
3616:
3513:
3501:. The only nation that had specially trained sniper units during the 1930s was the
3470:
3381:
3294:
3213:
3163:
3133:
3052:
3032:
3015:
2565:
2546:
2468:
2411:
2227:
2219:
2148:
2113:
2045:
1938:
1876:
1769:
1697:
1690:
1547:
1480:
1430:
1420:
1295:
1215:
1175:
1160:
1122:
1107:
978:
963:
916:
824:
782:
725:
720:
678:
501:
478:
370:
294:
223:
206:
161:
9120:
The ultimate sniper: an advanced training manual for military & police snipers
4384:
3-060.11 entitled "SNIPER AND COUNTERSNIPER TACTICS, TECHNIQUES, AND PROCEDURES":
3372:
in 1915. The spotter beside him is helping to find targets with his own periscope.
3312:, a Scottish Highland regiment formed in 1899, that earned high praise during the
2678:
69:
8763:
8735:
8087:
He-who-sees-in-the-dark; the boys' story of Frederick Burnham, the American scout
8010:
7669:
5606:
5465:
5429:
5386:
5350:
5340:
5337:
5326:
5291:
5256:
5226:
5203:
5110:
5097:
5075:
5011:
4951:
4944:
4930:
4906:
4902:
4891:
4867:
4756:
4664:
4642:
4535:
4402:
4038:
3877:
3710:
3668:
3644:
3585:
3536:
3454:
3364:
3313:
3298:
3232:
2959:
2879:
2871:
2625:
2415:
2338:
1958:
1943:
1861:
1817:
1759:
1415:
1410:
1300:
1290:
1205:
1180:
1117:
958:
888:
878:
730:
715:
638:
610:
400:
395:
375:
218:
92:
7494:
7275:
7098:
6280:"Weather Underground History for Kandahar, Afghanistan â Month of November 2009"
5920:
5148:
for their attempt to protect the injured crew of a downed helicopter during the
4412:
To demoralize enemy troops, snipers can follow predictable patterns. During the
3765:
A US Marine extracts a fired cartridge casing and chambers a new round into his
8756:
8150:"This sniper, known as 'The White Death,' is credited with more than 500 kills"
7893:
6772:
5505:
5391:
5304:
5145:
5127:
5071:
4978:
4764:
4561:
riflemen. There were some instances in the early 1990s of British soldiers and
4049:
From 2011, the Russian armed forces have run newly developed sniper courses in
3859:
3784:
3389:
2835:
2666:
2577:
2479:
2361:
2306:
2223:
2133:
1881:
1305:
1265:
1243:
1230:
1220:
1190:
1102:
1055:
858:
849:
740:
693:
673:
663:
633:
600:
488:
445:
410:
385:
252:
185:
9398:
8863:"Canadian elite special forces sniper makes record-breaking kill shot in Iraq"
6972:
4221:
to kill the target. Body shots are used because the chest is a larger target.
3445:
The main sniper rifles used during the First World War were the German Mauser
3411:
was given formal permission to begin sniper training in 1915, and founded the
9413:
9252:
9226:
9152:
9123:
9094:
8896:
8444:
8192:
8127:
8064:
7042:
6785:
6122:"Canadian elite special forces sniper sets record-breaking kill shot in Iraq"
5361:
5300:
5053:
4819:
4668:
4607:
4486:
4455:
4274:
4120:
4000:
over distance and can decrease lethality or cause a shot to miss completely.
3820:
3734:
3612:
3430:
3270:
3259:
3180:
3114:
2989:
Ukrainian sniper during the military training near the Belarus border in 2022
2820:
2542:
2385:
2381:
1980:
1968:
1824:
1744:
1660:
1643:
1500:
1355:
1335:
1013:
1008:
988:
968:
883:
854:
829:
705:
683:
668:
643:
483:
390:
348:
343:
240:
145:
7063:
7007:
5743:
5708:
5585:
4887:
4592:
with the Iraqi insurgency and civil war between many Sunni and Shia Iraqis.
4393:
The negative reputation and perception of snipers can be traced back to the
4376:. This happened during World War I and World War II; for example the second
3969:
3956:
3890:
3442:, to which reference is still made by modern authors regarding the subject.
3399:
3113:; the mass eviction of Stewart clansmen and their replacement by members of
2870:
for moving targets. It is not unusual for the spotter to be equipped with a
9144:
9115:
9083:
9009:
8673:
7300:
6820:
6510:
The Fall of the Asante Empire: The Hundred-Year War For Africa's Gold Coast
5490:
5484:
5088:
4996:
4847:
4832:
4794:
4786:
4626:
4554:
4550:
Sniping has been used in asymmetric warfare situations, for example in the
4482:
4470:
4421:
4190:
3699:
3687:
3603:
3564:
3539:
is credited with 505 confirmed kills, most with the Finnish version of the
3502:
3337:
3309:
3209:
3098:
3036:
2921:
2902:
2824:
2759:
2647:
2629:
2597:
2553:
2495:
2346:
2270:
2215:
2203:
2167:
2093:
2073:
2068:
1963:
1908:
1542:
1537:
1360:
1275:
1018:
752:
653:
450:
334:
149:
105:
73:
32:
8269:
8053:"Killed the Matabele God: Burnham, the American scout, may end uprising".
7022:
4070:
US Marine telescopic sight picture during high-angle marksmanship training
3872:
2661:. A common practice is for a shooter and a spotter to take turns to avoid
2237:
and high-grade marksmanship, military snipers are trained in a variety of
2230:
feeding tactical information back to their units or command headquarters.
140:
6987:
5723:
5688:
5565:
5343:, using a 7.62mm C-3, registered 20 confirmed kills over ten days during
5248:
5236:
5218:
5206:
5141:
5123:
5067:
4926:
4804:
4779:
4623:
4369:(constant threat, high "per event" lethality, inability to strike back).
4131:
4107:
4004:
3766:
3706:
3540:
3494:
3377:
3329:
3247:
3225:
3175:
2932:
2863:
2859:
2819:, and therefore are usually armed with a faster-firing weapon such as an
2621:
2406:, Switzerland, where one club has a charter dating from 1466. During the
2266:
2254:
2078:
1829:
1794:
1633:
1320:
1285:
993:
936:
839:
623:
324:
319:
7663:
Operation Banner: An Analysis of Military Operations in Northern Ireland
6992:(St. Martin's ed.). New York: St. Martin's Paperbacks. p. 45.
6323:
6239:
6213:
5273:
between 2003 and 2009, had 255 kills, 160 of which are confirmed by the
2646:
in a fire support role to cover the movement of infantry, especially in
2609:
7969:
5437:
5277:, making him the deadliest marksman in US military history. During the
5266:
5057:
4955:
4922:
4812:
4798:
4760:
4599:
4463:
4362:
4317:
4281:
4146:
4115:
4088:
3804:
3773:
3772:
Military sniper training aims to teach a high degree of proficiency in
3729:
include: the Soviet M1891/30 MosinâNagant and, to a lesser extent, the
3528:
3458:
3236:
3079:
3051:. The QTU Lapua external ballistics software, using continuous doppler
2851:
2847:
2719: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2662:
2589:
2327:
2035:
2005:
1727:
1091:
5901:
Zeitgeschichte â Spezialeinheiten im Zweiten Weltkrieg: ScharfschĂŒtzen
3579:
of the German attackers. The best known of these snipers was probably
2512:
8319:"MatthÀus Hetzenauer, Austrian sniper with 345 confirmed kills, 1944"
8193:"How "White Death" Simo HÀyhÀ Became The Deadliest Sniper In History"
7922:
7830:"Iraqi Insurgent Snipers Target U.S. Medics, Engineers and Chaplains"
7779:
5184:
5060:. He is credited with 214 confirmed kills in 32 days without using a
5026:
4704:
4696:
4478:
4358:
4225:
4198:
4185:
3777:
3647:
with an adapted scope as an early example of an anti-materiel rifle.
3607:
3446:
3436:
In 1920, he wrote his account of his war time activities in his book
3044:
2752:
2747:
2605:
2593:
2315:
2250:
2025:
1849:
1799:
1749:
1739:
1734:
1599:
1390:
1385:
1350:
787:
473:
440:
309:
4870:. For his ability to track, even at night, the Africans dubbed him,
3632:
active infrared aiming device was issued for night sniping with the
3508:
Snipers reappeared as important factors on the battlefield from the
3332:, map reading, observation, and military tactics. They were skilled
2890:
2694:
7243:"ĐĄĐœĐ°ĐčпДŃŃĐșĐŸĐ” ĐŽĐČĐžĐ¶Đ”ĐœĐžĐ” ĐČ Đ ĐĐĐ | ĐŃŃĐŸŃĐžŃ ŃĐœĐ°ĐčпДŃŃĐșĐŸĐłĐŸ ĐžŃĐșŃŃŃŃĐČĐ°"
6175:
5974:
5904:(Documentary film) (in German). EMS GmbH. Event occurs at 57mins.
5899:"Snipers during the First and Second World Wars": info taken from:
5639:
5330:
5233:
4851:
4586:
4500:
units had been very successful, especially during the Vietnam War.
4474:
4277:, or if rank is unavailable, they shoot to disrupt communications.
4270:
4266:
4218:
4012:
3532:
3333:
3282:
3204:
3091:
2639:
2395:
2337:
was first attested militarily in 1824, becoming commonplace in the
2206:
2199:
2040:
2015:
1648:
1280:
1255:
868:
423:
365:
277:
6210:"QuickTarget Unlimited Lapua Edition exterior ballistics software"
4746:, where he may have passed up a chance to shoot George Washington.
4380:
when 36 suspected snipers were lined up and shot on 14 July 1943.
4340:
4114:
on a scope to accurately find the range. Mil dots are used like a
3403:
Soldiers raise a Papier-mùché dummy head to locate an enemy sniper
2394:
for such popular competitions; proudly carrying flags depicting a
2241:
techniques: detection, stalking, target range estimation methods,
8522:
8400:
Taonga, New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage Te Manatu.
7861:
6302:"Brit sniper makes double-kill at 1.54 miles with .338 Lapua Mag"
6197:
Conditions were perfect, no wind, mild weather, clear visibility.
5252:
5222:
5180:
5043:
4999:) was credited with killing about 200 German soldiers during the
4680:
4676:
4153:
4111:
3938:
3795:, and the stock's cheek-piece against the cheek. In the field, a
3788:
3761:
3517:
3466:
3416:
3392:
and a need for protection from snipers created a requirement for
3075:
3040:
2913:
2866:-related correction, interference by atmospheric factors and the
2617:
2403:
2050:
2010:
1774:
1608:
1604:
946:
931:
807:
468:
463:
433:
352:
314:
3543:
bolt-action MosinâNagant. The most successful German sniper was
3109:, in retaliation for Campbell's role in an early version of the
2520:
9091:: an advanced training manual for military & police snipers
7514:
7512:
6180:
5282:
5188:
4859:
4732:, hampering the British advance which resulted in their defeat.
4161:
3824:
3730:
3655:
3633:
3576:
3302:
2875:
2855:
2635:
2399:
2371:
2351:
2310:
1557:
953:
770:
506:
9014:
Without Warning: Canadian Sniper Equipment of the 20th Century
8465:
7686:
7057:"Sniping in France by Major H. Hesketh-Prichard (1920) p. 239"
4811:) recorded 36 "kills" on his custom-made .50 caliber Kentucky
6096:"SBU sniper claims world record after successful 3.8 km shot"
5240:
5210:
4630:
4490:
4285:
3796:
3203:
were made up of professional hunters who used their skill as
3102:
2968:
2894:
2507:
2302:
2298:
1028:
564:
559:
61:
7509:
7384:
6378:
6348:
George Washington's War: The Saga of the American Revolution
6069:"The Columbus Ohio Police S.W.A.T. Platoon 28th Anniversary"
5450:
was a Shia Iraqi veteran sniper with 350 claimed ISIS kills.
4667:
No. 4 Mk I(T) rifle and scope combination and a camouflaged
3481:
3297:
were used by both sides. The British were equipped with the
2811:). A flanker is an extra teammate who is tasked to act as a
6975:. New York : E.P. Dutton – via Internet Archive.
5418:
5270:
5082:
4229:
3676:
3641:
3009:
2917:
304:
299:
8171:"How a Finnish farmer became the world's deadliest sniper"
7027:(2nd ed.). New York: Thomas Dunne Books. p. 77.
6989:
Sniper : the skills, the weapons, and the experiences
4152:
Shooting uphill or downhill is confusing for many because
3101:, Colin Roy Campbell of Glenure was shot in the back near
6952:
5018:
Semyon Nomokonov killed 367 persons, including a general.
4497:
4405:
allegedly ordered his marksmen to target British General
2561:
177:
7997:
Rifleman Thomas Plunkett: 'A Pattern for the Battalion.'
7976:
7547:"Robotic-vacuum maker, BU team up on anti-sniper device"
4636:
3368:
An Australian sniper aims a periscope-equipped rifle at
3008:
The previous record holder was a member of the Canadian
2461:. Completely different and peculiar is the Italian term
8883:
List of books, articles and documentaries about snipers
8808:"You think I'm brave? Meet my mates: Ben Roberts-Smith"
8728:
8308:
at the website on Heroes of the Soviet Union and Russia
8284:
7167:
6612:. Louisiana: Louisiana State University Press. p.
6419:. New York: Random House Publishing Group. p. 46.
6029:. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 6 September 2007
4424:
always killed the foremost man in a group of President
2997:
in combat was achieved by an undisclosed member of the
5725:
Out of nowhere : a history of the military sniper
5690:
Out of nowhere : a history of the military sniper
5567:
Out of nowhere : a history of the military sniper
9370:
Snipers at war: And equipment and operations, history
7521:"Snipers â Cowardly assassins, or surgical soldiers?"
7378:
5113:(Vietnam War) â 103 confirmed and 216 probable kills.
4963:
M/28 "Pystykorva" or "Spitz", variant of the Russian
4602:
sniper team in position, Kunduz Province, Afghanistan
4061:
3159:
on 7 October 1777 at a distance of about 400 yards.
8986:
Sniper: The Skills, the Weapons, and the Experiences
8766:
By Tissa Ravindra Perera. Retrieved 9 February 2010.
8701:"Marine Sniper Receives Bronze Star Medal for Valor"
7713:
6683:
4933:
sniper with at least 150 confirmed kills during the
4663:
were trained scouts. Specialized equipment includes
3531:, Finnish snipers took a heavy toll of the invading
3224:, which had shown some weaknesses during the recent
9319:"Hotshot sniper in one-and-a-half-mile double kill"
8659:
8657:
6372:
6328:
Journal of the Society for Army Historical Research
4954:, nicknamed "White Death", was a sniper during the
4917:
sniper with a service record of 93 confirmed kills.
4503:
4180:
3388:During the First World War, the static movement of
8769:
7857:"Rebels share firepower as snipers menace Tripoli"
7420:
7350:
7321:
7121:
6971:Prichard, Hesketh Vernon Hesketh (19 April 1920).
6871:
6645:
6605:
5820:
5818:
5816:
5814:
5812:
5810:
5808:
5806:
5804:
5802:
5800:
5798:
5796:
5794:
5792:
5790:
5788:
5786:
5784:
5081:Ian Robertson served as a sniper with Australia's
4874:, but in the press he became more widely known as
3019:British sniper in training in Northumberland, 2010
2374:in the 15th century. Small companies of shooters (
2293:, which originated in the 1770s among soldiers in
60:French and British (center) snipers equipped with
8916:
8468:"Range complex named after famous Vietnam sniper"
7680:
7486:
7157:, Chapter 3: A Brief History of Military Snipers.
7091:
7014:
6147:Hotshot sniper in one-and-a-half mile double kill
5866:
5864:
5862:
5860:
5858:
5856:
5854:
5782:
5780:
5778:
5776:
5774:
5772:
5770:
5768:
5766:
5764:
9411:
9056:Out of Nowhere: A History of the Military Sniper
8654:
8466:Lance Cpl. George J. Papastrat (29 March 2007).
8436:
7687:Craig Roberts; Charles W. Sasser (1 July 2004).
7621:. New York: Penguin Group US. pp. 170â171.
7418:
6931:
6904:
6833:
6724:. North Carolina: UNC Press Books. p. 297.
6164:
6162:
3415:School of Sniping, Observation, and Scouting at
3308:The first British sniper unit began life as the
2882:specifically for performing these calculations.
2596:, assisting employed combat force with accurate
2472:, in common use since First World War. The term
2456:
2426:
9394:Sniping in France, by Major H. Hesketh-Prichard
9177:(2004 ed.). Helion & Company Limited.
8777:"U.S. military probes sniper threat in Baghdad"
8143:
8141:
8139:
8137:
7803:"U.S. military probes sniper threat in Baghdad"
7707:
7412:
7385:Gregory Mast; Hans Halberstadt (January 2007).
7192:Peter R. Senich: German Sniper 1914â45, Page 91
6883:
6750:
6748:
6379:Gregory Mast; Hans Halberstadt (January 2007).
5880:
5878:
5269:of SEAL Team Three, during four deployments to
5152:. This action was later dramatized in the film
4008:to reduce the need to re-zero during missions.
3301:rifle, while the Boers had received the latest
2974:
2885:
9172:
8617:harvnb error: no target: CITEREFChandler2010 (
8485:
7897:. ABC News Network. ABC News Internet Ventures
7024:Sniper : training, techniques and weapons
6958:
6827:
6821:"Lovat Scouts, Sharpshooters â United Kingdom"
6560:
6412:
6254:"L96 Sniper Rifle and L115A3 Long Range Rifle"
6050:"Remembering "The Shot Seen 'Round The World""
5851:
5761:
3105:by an unknown sniper, most likely from within
2931:A US Secret Service sniper on the roof of the
9008:
8578:United States Army Center of Military History
8574:"Medal of Honor recipients: Somalia Campaign"
8459:
8260:
8258:
8203:
8012:Jack Hinson's One-man War: A civil war sniper
7642:
7458:
7119:
6979:
6925:
6898:
6805:harvnb error: no target: CITEREFPegler2006a (
6765:
6763:
6344:
6159:
6087:
5119:(Vietnam War) â achieved 109 confirmed kills.
2608:, selecting targets of opportunity, and even
2473:
2462:
2305:that was considered an extremely challenging
2175:
9297:Kill Shot: The Deadliest Snipers of All Time
8607:
8134:
8099:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
8046:
8002:
7720:. MBI Publishing Company. pp. 225â227.
7309:
6797:
6795:
6745:
6643:
6450:Through the Crosshairs: A History of Snipers
6001:"Gastonia Police Department â Sniper School"
5965:
5963:
5875:
5842:
5840:
5838:
5836:
5834:
5832:
4160:. Only the fraction of gravity equal to the
3602:were prepared before the war, equipped with
2450:
2444:
2438:
2432:
2389:
2375:
2365:
2355:
164:(Leupold Mark IV x10), and additional optics
72:rifles (left to right, 2012) and camouflage
9194:
9173:Prichard, Hesketh; Vernon, Hesketh (2004).
8966:One Shot, One Kill: A History of the Sniper
8937:
8856:
8854:
8663:
8646:harvnb error: no target: CITEREFDrury2010 (
8494:"Marine Corps Sniper Carlos N. Hathcock II"
8290:
7950:"Violence kills 29 across Syria: activists"
7734:
7618:Stalkers and Shooters: A History of Snipers
7605:
7261:
7178:sfn error: no target: CITEREFScherzer2007 (
7159:sfn error: no target: CITEREFSadowski2015 (
7020:
6453:. Da Capo Press, Incorporated. p. 47.
6446:
6171:"Super sniper kills Taliban 1.5 miles away"
5897:Freigegeben ab 12 Jahren (2 January 2008).
5601:
5599:
5597:
5595:
5197:longest recorded and confirmed sniper kills
4265:The targets may be personnel or high-value
2572:. Typical sniper missions include managing
8783:. Reuters. 29 October 2006. Archived from
8625:
8548:"Adelbert F. Waldron III â Sniper Central"
8255:
8186:
8184:
8165:
8163:
8103:) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
7915:
7452:
6760:
6440:
6338:
6256:. Mod.uk. 20 February 2007. Archived from
5423:Canadian Special Operations Forces Command
4683:were specially trained as elite marksmen.
4671:. PAC Photo, by Ken Bell (September 1944).
4280:Some rifles, such as the Denel NTW-20 and
4126:It is important to note that angular mil (
2182:
2168:
54:
8831:
8805:
8636:
8596:
8491:
8071:
7768:
7766:
7113:
6792:
6717:
6316:
6027:"Police sniper watches from roof, Sydney"
5960:
5829:
5750:
5728:. Oxford: Osprey Publishing. p. 14.
5693:. Oxford: Osprey Publishing. p. 30.
5570:. Oxford: Osprey Publishing. p. 16.
4431:
4372:Historically, captured snipers are often
3324:, the British Army Chief of Scouts under
2735:Learn how and when to remove this message
2564:), and in the process, cause disruption,
2370:) that took place throughout the year in
2333:, first appearing by the 1820s. The term
9400:World War II German sniper training film
9149:The History of Sniping and Sharpshooting
8940:Sniper: training, techniques and weapons
8851:
8725:, 11:16 pm, Sunday, 15 January 2006
8613:
8230:
8211:Gallipoli Sniper: The life of Billy Sing
8111:
8008:
7854:
7749:. St. Martin's Press. pp. 245â247.
7173:
7154:
6970:
6506:
6406:
6351:. New York: HarperCollins. p. 513.
5592:
4901:
4886:
4646:
4622:Sniper activity was reported during the
4610:", had shot up to 37 American soldiers.
4594:
4517:
4339:
4335:
4184:
4073:
4065:
3815:
3760:
3681:
3649:
3554:
3480:
3398:
3363:
3269:
3216:, a prominent British engineer, it used
3014:
2984:
2945:
2926:
2889:
2746:
2519:
2511:
1141:List of military strategies and concepts
139:
116:
9143:
9114:
9082:
9034:
8982:
8181:
8160:
7982:
7794:
7772:
7740:
7611:
7327:
7315:
7301:"Take a bead: Army gets sniper schools"
6985:
6801:
6754:
6648:Civil War Battlefields: A Touring Guide
6474:
6066:
5971:"The Sniper, SWAT Teams Grow in Number"
5947:Fast Times in Tech | Blog by Hiren Shah
5936:
5934:
5824:
5756:
4774:(Peninsular War) â shot French General
3741:and Pattern 1914 Enfield; the Japanese
3174:", they were armed with the formidable
3043:machine gunners consecutively south of
2954:marksman uses an M107 from a helicopter
14:
9412:
9349:Behind the mask: the IRA and Sinn FĂ©in
9343:
9294:
9246:
9220:
9195:Sakaida, Henry; Hook, Christa (2003).
9072:
9053:
8963:
8889:
8832:Nicholson, Brendan (24 January 2011).
8757:Army told no heavy weapons, not Prabha
8631:
8296:
8190:
7889:"International News | World News"
7827:
7800:
7763:
7648:
7227:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
6877:
6859:
6857:
6769:
6652:. Taylor Trade Publications. pp.
6168:
5918:
5870:
5846:
5721:
5686:
5563:
3140:had been on the battlefield that day.
9384:Female Soviet snipers of World War II
9316:
9272:
8892:"Sniper kills Qaeda-from 1œ mi. away"
8642:
8602:
8343:
7918:"Snipers are still a threat in Syria"
7775:"Insurgent snipers sent after troops"
7714:Pat Farey; Mark Spicer (1 May 2009).
7492:
6294:
6060:
6047:
5884:
4637:Notable military marksmen and snipers
4633:at least from pro-government forces.
4242:
4193:to remain hidden in grassland terrain
4169:the target, called "holding over" or
3725:Common sniper rifles used during the
3258:, where on 9 May 1864, Union General
3179:spearheaded an amphibious landing at
2467:
9197:Heroines of the Soviet Union 1941-45
9058:(2006 ed.). Osprey Publishing.
8860:
8806:Nicholson, Brendan (23 April 2011).
8348:. New York: Continuum. p. 159.
8213:. Sydney: Pan Macmillan Australia. (
7544:
7518:
7136:from the original on 11 January 2022
6603:
6119:
5940:
5931:
5682:
5680:
5678:
5676:
5674:
5559:
5557:
5555:
5553:
5551:
5322:along frequently used supply routes.
5191:Long Range Rifle rifle chambered in
3316:(1899â1902). The unit was formed by
2755:Provincial Reconstruction Team (PRT)
2717:adding citations to reliable sources
2688:
2532:
2414:marksmen equipped with the imported
8919:"Sniper Tactics: Going for the Gun"
8917:Bartlett, Derrick (12 April 2005).
8834:"Battlefield mateship worthy of VC"
8009:McKenney, Tom (23 September 2010).
7583:"K-9 History: Vietnam, 1960 â 1975"
7459:Martin Pegler (20 September 2011).
7328:Pardini, SĂšverine (2 August 2007).
6854:
6840:. Leo Cooper. pp. Chapter XI.
6718:Gallagher, Gary (1 February 2010).
6093:
5275:United States Department of Defense
5070:was a New Zealand recipient of the
4909:, nicknamed "White Feather" by the
3320:and reported to an American, Major
3246:was able to sell the weapon to the
3069:
2789:Table of Organization and Equipment
2616:in the larger calibers such as the
24:
8876:
8723:U.S. Army sniper nails record shot
8399:
8015:. Pelican Publishing. p. 79.
7419:Hans Halberstadt (18 March 2008).
7354:Sniper: SAS and Elite Forces Guide
7099:"The Sniper Log BookâWorld War II"
6938:. Leo Cooper. pp. Chapter 2.
6911:. Leo Cooper. pp. Chapter 5.
6889:
6690:. Arcadia Publishing. p. 36.
6684:John F. Cummings III (June 2011).
6513:. Simon and Schuster. p. 54.
6482:"1800 The Forming of the Regiment"
6413:Alexander Rose (21 October 2008).
5015:. Both are fictionalized accounts.
4824:Battle of Spotsylvania Court House
4062:Targeting, tactics, and techniques
3265:
3256:Battle of Spotsylvania Court House
2901:) sniper shooting with suppressed
2537:Different countries use different
25:
9461:
9377:
9275:With British Snipers to the Reich
9249:The Complete Book of U.S. Sniping
9077:(1924 ed.). T. F. Unwin ltd.
8147:
8120:New York Times (London Chronicle)
7956:. 30 January 2012. Archived from
7545:Bray, Hiawatha (4 October 2005).
7493:Duffy, Michael (22 August 2009).
7465:. Osprey Publishing. p. 21.
6334:(18): 213. OctoberâDecember 1925.
6304:. accurateshooter.com. 3 May 2010
5977:. 25 January 2001. Archived from
5941:Shah, Hiren (12 September 2016).
5671:
5548:
4846:religious leader, in his cave in
4679:were available, soldiers such as
4211:
4078:Aerial platform shooting training
3799:can be used instead. Sometimes a
3128:On 11 September 1777, during the
2654:
2610:destruction of military equipment
2485:
2443:. Other words for sniper include
9372:(US Naval Institute Press, 2017)
9299:(2011 ed.). Ulysses Press.
8825:
8799:
8750:
8715:
8693:
8566:
8540:
8515:
8430:
8412:
8393:
8384:
8362:
8337:
8311:
8224:
8081:; Peter O. Lamb; illustrated by
7855:Laessing, Ulf (24 August 2011).
7832:. Pensito Review. Archived from
7801:Holmes, Paul (29 October 2006).
7519:Page, Lewis (28 November 2008).
7245:. Shotgun.com.ua. Archived from
6345:Robert Leckie (24 August 2010).
4504:Irregular and asymmetric warfare
4310:
4181:Hide sites and hiding techniques
4134:and different organizations use
4130:) is only an approximation of a
4082:
4033:(FACs) to direct air strikes or
4023:
3550:Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross
3166:and Lieutenant-Colonel the Hon.
2854:or physical indicators like the
2693:
195:
9277:(1988 ed.). Desert Pubns.
8580:. 3 August 2009. Archived from
8191:Serena, Katie (27 March 2018).
8029:
7988:
7942:
7909:
7881:
7848:
7828:Ponder, Jon (25 October 2006).
7821:
7717:Sniping: An Illustrated History
7654:
7575:
7559:
7538:
7344:
7293:
7235:
7195:
7186:
7120:Rayment, Sean (30 April 2006).
7073:
7049:
6964:
6932:Hesketh-Prichard, H.V. (1994).
6905:Hesketh-Prichard, H.V. (1994).
6834:Hesketh-Prichard, H.V. (1994).
6813:
6711:
6677:
6637:
6597:
6588:
6554:
6545:
6527:
6500:
6484:. Green Jackets. Archived from
6282:. Wunderground.com. 21 May 2011
6272:
6246:
6228:
6202:
6139:
6113:
6094:Luo, Lance (19 November 2023).
6041:
6019:
5993:
5919:Valdes, Robert (11 June 2004).
5912:
5890:
5385:for his actions in 2006 during
5162:
4882:
4750:
4711:
4686:
4044:
3476:
3433:to train observational skills.
2842:, the spotter will predict the
2704:needs additional citations for
2684:
2638:- and Russian-derived military
2612:, which tend to require use of
2576:information they gather during
7773:Diamond, John (27 July 2006).
7427:. St. Martin's Press. p.
7391:. Zenith Imprint. p. 22.
6644:David Eicher (14 March 2005).
6385:. Zenith Imprint. p. 18.
6238:. 29 June 2009. Archived from
6212:. 29 June 2009. Archived from
6048:Owens, Bob (3 February 2015).
5715:
5654:
5624:
5522:
5287:post traumatic stress disorder
5003:; he is portrayed in the film
4617:
4580:
3827:rifle resting on three-legged
3510:first campaign of World War II
3359:
3172:Experimental Corps of Riflemen
2657:consisting of a shooter and a
13:
1:
9317:Smith, Michael (2 May 2010).
8861:Fife, Robert (21 June 2017).
6145:Smith, Michael (2 May 2010) "
6120:Fife, Robert (21 June 2017).
5516:
5501:South Armagh Sniper (1990â97)
5476:Longest recorded sniper kills
5144:snipers who were awarded the
4858:(1896). Burnham started as a
4542:(Lee Harvey Oswald), and the
4540:John F. Kennedy assassination
4420:, the revolutionaries led by
4301:
4037:(FOs) to direct artillery or
2995:longest confirmed sniper kill
2981:Longest recorded sniper kills
2751:A U.S. Army sniper team from
31:For the type of firearm, see
9223:The German sniper, 1914-1945
8890:Alpert, Lukas (2 May 2010).
8118:"England's American Scout".
8089:. Brewer, Warren and Putnam.
7693:. Pocket Books. p. 47.
6865:"Trench Loopholes, Le Linge"
6507:Edgerton, Robert B. (2010).
5943:"The Sniper and the Spotter"
5379:Special Air Service Regiment
3675:, most fighting occurred in
3186:
3086:
2975:Longest recorded sniper kill
2886:Law enforcement applications
2280:
7:
9351:(1997 ed.). TV Books.
8938:Brookesmith, Peter (2007).
8239:University of Toronto Press
8209:Hamilton, J. C. M. (2008):
7351:Martin J Dougherty (2012).
7021:Brookesmith, Peter (2006).
6447:Andy Dougan (1 June 2006).
6416:American Rifle: A Biography
6169:Arnold, Adam (3 May 2010).
5921:"How Military Snipers Work"
5611:Online Etymology Dictionary
5496:Snipers of the Soviet Union
5454:
5444:Popular Mobilization Forces
5398:in Afghanistan. During the
4724:) â killed British General
4547:a rifle at another person.
3811:
3776:and concealment, stalking,
3756:
3737:and Gewehr 43; the British
3658:, Holland, 14 February 1945
3347:Scouting on Two Continents,
3003:Russian invasion of Ukraine
2999:Security Service of Ukraine
2492:Snipers of the Soviet Union
2222:. They often also serve as
1639:Militaryâindustrial complex
1113:Operational manoeuvre group
10:
9466:
8880:
6959:Prichard & Vernon 2004
6539:American Civil War Stories
6067:Scanlon, James J. (2010).
5303:.50 BMG rifle loaded with
4915:United States Marine Corps
4862:and Indian tracker in the
4842:â assassinated Mlimo, the
4740:American Revolutionary War
4722:American Revolutionary War
4659:. Canadian snipers in the
4640:
4584:
4524:Georgian-Ossetian conflict
4507:
4435:
4246:
3667:. During the campaigns in
3457:SMLE Mk III, the Canadian
3097:For instance, in the 1752
3074:Before the development of
3062:The calculation assumes a
2978:
2528:sniper using a Barrett M82
2489:
66:Accuracy International AWM
29:
9247:Senich, Peter R. (1988).
9221:Senich, Peter R. (1982).
8738:. snipercentral.com. 2010
8437:ĐĐČĐłĐ”ĐœĐžĐč ĐĐČŃŃĐœĐșĐžĐœ (2010).
8424:The Sydney Morning Herald
7805:. Reuters. Archived from
7274:. ATK.com. Archived from
5534:Shooting Range Industries
5325:U.S. Army Staff Sergeant
5279:Second Battle of Fallujah
5183:machine gunners south of
4854:, effectively ending the
4840:Frederick Russell Burnham
4577:low risk of retaliation.
4522:A Georgian sniper in the
3522:non-commissioned officers
3322:Frederick Russell Burnham
3275:Frederick Russell Burnham
2829:designated marksman rifle
2398:on one side and a target
2297:in reference to shooting
1703:Loss-of-strength gradient
555:Combat information center
98:
85:
80:
53:
9327:. London. Archived from
9295:Strong, Charles (2011).
8983:Gilbert, Adrian (1996).
8440:ĐĐŸĐłĐŽĐ° Đ ĐŸĐŽĐžĐœĐ° ĐČ ĐŸĐżĐ°ŃĐœĐŸŃŃĐž
8439:
8323:rarehistoricalphotos.com
8231:Brownlie, Robin (2003).
7985:, pp. 39â45, 53â55.
7741:Gilbert, Adrian (1996).
7495:"Encyclopedia â Snipers"
7085:www.americanrifleman.org
7081:"Doughboy Sniper Rifles"
6986:Gilbert, Adrian (1996).
6604:Rhea, Gordon C. (1997).
5179:successfully killed two
5137:Operation Gothic Serpent
5048:Second Sino-Japanese War
4876:England's American Scout
4826:probably with a British
4772:Rifleman Thomas Plunkett
4350:M24 Sniper Weapon System
4136:different approximations
3720:M1903 Springfield rifles
3621:bullet drop compensation
3589:and the subsequent film
3583:, featured in the novel
3469:, and the Russian M1891
3409:Hesketh Hesketh-Prichard
3342:Hesketh Hesketh-Prichard
3155:shot and killed General
2021:Military science fiction
1506:Technology and equipment
922:List of military tactics
9054:Pegler, Martin (2006).
9035:Neville, Leigh (2016).
8991:St. Martin's Paperbacks
8291:Sakaida & Hook 2003
7388:To Be a Military Sniper
6561:Pegler, Martin (2011).
6382:To Be a Military Sniper
6155:(subscription required)
5722:Pegler, Martin (2004).
5687:Pegler, Martin (2004).
5632:"Sniper â Army.ca Wiki"
5564:Pegler, Martin (2004).
5400:Shah Wali Kot Offensive
5289:. Subject of the movie
5062:sniper magnifying scope
4950:Finnish Lance Corporal
4872:He-who-sees-in-the-dark
4657:The Calgary Highlanders
4143:Bullet Drop Compensator
4031:forward air controllers
3686:Canadian Sniper during
3244:Whitworth Rifle Company
3162:In early 1800, Colonel
3157:Simon Fraser of Balnain
3049:L115A3 Long Range Rifle
2910:Law enforcement snipers
2420:Whitworth Sharpshooters
2218:and high-magnification
2089:Wartime sexual violence
1845:Full-spectrum dominance
1656:Supply-chain management
40:Sniper (disambiguation)
27:Highly trained marksman
8721:The Washington Times,
8527:www.chuckmawhinney.com
8197:All That's Interesting
7660:Jackson, Mike (2006).
4975:Vasilij Kvachantiradze
4918:
4899:
4695:, who represented the
4672:
4603:
4544:Beltway sniper attacks
4532:Austin sniper incident
4527:
4438:Counter-sniper tactics
4432:Counter-sniper tactics
4391:
4353:
4322:clandestine operations
4296:.408 Cheyenne Tactical
4194:
4079:
4071:
3983:.408 Cheyenne Tactical
3915:.300 Winchester Magnum
3831:
3823:sniper displaying his
3769:
3690:
3659:
3568:
3490:
3404:
3373:
3278:
3126:
3020:
2990:
2963:impossible due to the
2955:
2935:
2906:
2899:counter-terrorism unit
2805:atmospheric conditions
2768:United States military
2756:
2602:counter-sniper tactics
2570:demoralizing the enemy
2529:
2517:
2504:Special reconnaissance
2474:
2463:
2457:
2451:
2445:
2439:
2433:
2427:
2390:
2376:
2366:
2356:
2326:. This evolved to the
2263:special reconnaissance
2001:Awards and decorations
1974:Peace through strength
1949:Low-intensity conflict
1583:Conscientious objector
1456:Area of responsibility
165:
137:
110:special reconnaissance
9368:Walter, John. (2017)
9145:Plaster, Maj. John L.
9116:Plaster, Maj. John L.
9084:Plaster, Maj. John L.
9073:Parker, Eric (1924).
9039:. Osprey Publishing.
8964:Dougan, Andy (2016).
8736:"The Sniper Log Book"
8402:"Hulme, Alfred Clive"
8346:The human face of war
6721:Spotsylvania Campaign
6567:. Osprey Publishing.
5471:List of sniper rifles
5126:and Sgt. First Class
5040:Chiang Kai-Shek rifle
4971:Mikhail Ilyich Surkov
4911:North Vietnamese Army
4905:
4890:
4650:
4641:Further information:
4598:
4521:
4477:-operated munitions,
4449:battle dress uniforms
4414:26th of July Movement
4386:
4346:Special Reaction Team
4343:
4336:Psychological warfare
4188:
4077:
4069:
3903:7 mm Remington Magnum
3819:
3764:
3685:
3653:
3558:
3484:
3402:
3367:
3273:
3122:
3107:Clan Stewart of Appin
3018:
2988:
2949:
2930:
2922:close quarters combat
2893:
2750:
2541:regarding snipers in
2523:
2515:
2362:shooting competitions
2216:high-precision rifles
588:Torpedo data computer
578:Ship gun fire-control
143:
130:MosinâNagant M1891/30
120:
106:high-precision rifles
9018:Service Publications
8762:15 June 2009 at the
8665:Friscolanti, Michael
7668:3 March 2016 at the
7069:on 30 November 2011.
5662:Edinburgh Advertiser
5414:along supply routes.
5021:Gefreiter (Private)
5001:Battle of Stalingrad
4986:Lyudmila Pavlichenko
4941:Francis Pegahmagabow
4744:Battle of Brandywine
4326:infiltration tactics
3733:; the German Mauser
3654:A British sniper in
3573:Battle of Stalingrad
3487:Lyudmila Pavlichenko
3465:, the Italian M1891
3451:Pattern 1914 Enfield
3222:Pattern 1853 Enfield
3193:Edinburgh Advertiser
3130:Battle of Brandywine
2713:improve this article
2671:close quarter combat
2614:anti-materiel rifles
2469:[tÊekËkiËno]
2388:would form teams of
2289:comes from the verb
2119:Military occupations
1954:Military engineering
1856:Unrestricted Warfare
1713:Force multiplication
606:Military manoeuvrers
148:which consists of a
134:Battle of Stalingrad
38:For other uses, see
9364:- Total pages: 431
9312:- Total pages: 192
9290:- Total pages: 351
9268:- Total pages: 280
9242:- Total pages: 445
9190:- Total pages: 143
9168:- Total pages: 704
9139:- Total pages: 584
9110:- Total pages: 453
9089:The Ultimate Sniper
8968:. William Collins.
8959:- Total pages: 192
8669:"We were abandoned"
8584:on 22 December 2012
8500:on 4 September 2012
8470:. Marine Corps News
8372:. Militaryfocus.com
8344:Storr, Jim (2009).
7497:. firstworldwar.com
7209:on 19 February 2012
7129:The Daily Telegraph
7101:. Snipercentral.com
6687:Spotsylvania County
5448:Abu Tahsin al-Salhi
5417:During May 2017 in
5150:Battle of Mogadishu
5023:MatthÀus Hetzenauer
4856:Second Matabele War
4730:Battles of Saratoga
4728:during the pivotal
4567:South Armagh sniper
4395:American Revolution
4260:rules of engagement
4256:crew-served weapons
4189:A sniper wearing a
3838:
3747:M1903A4 Springfield
3615:Zielvier 4x (ZF39)
3545:MatthÀus Hetzenauer
3512:. During Germany's
3145:Battles of Saratoga
3111:Highland Clearances
2965:German constitution
2950:A U.S. Coast Guard
2844:external ballistics
2500:Designated marksman
1805:Penal military unit
1790:Rules of engagement
1466:Command and control
1086:Operations research
550:Director (military)
540:Fire-control system
290:Command and control
171:Part of a series on
50:
9430:Combat occupations
9273:Shore, C. (1988).
9216:- Total pages: 64
8944:St. Martin's Press
8867:The Globe and Mail
8492:Sgt. Grit (2006).
8325:. 26 December 2013
8266:"top WWII snipers"
8177:. 10 January 2020.
8056:The New York Times
7960:on 25 January 2013
7930:on 31 January 2012
7836:on 16 October 2015
7743:"The Sniper Today"
7593:on 14 January 2018
7303:Rossiiskaya gazeta
6880:, pp. 211â212
6236:"Lapua: Downloads"
6126:The Globe and Mail
6075:on 6 December 2003
5981:on 4 November 2012
5426:Joint Task Force 2
5383:Medal of Gallantry
5377:of the Australian
5345:Operation Anaconda
5327:Timothy L. Kellner
5245:Operation Anaconda
5239:, formerly of the
5215:Operation Anaconda
5209:, formerly of the
5033:Helmut Wirnsberger
5006:Enemy at the Gates
4991:Junior Lieutenant
4935:Gallipoli Campaign
4919:
4900:
4809:American Civil War
4791:American Civil War
4673:
4604:
4528:
4514:Asymmetric warfare
4399:Battle of Saratoga
4374:summarily executed
4354:
4249:Target acquisition
4243:Target acquisition
4195:
4100:Laser rangefinders
4080:
4072:
3834:
3832:
3770:
3691:
3660:
3592:Enemy at the Gates
3569:
3552:on 17 April 1945.
3491:
3405:
3374:
3279:
3250:, and also to the
3132:, British Captain
3064:flat-fire scenario
3023:In November 2009,
3021:
2991:
2956:
2936:
2907:
2794:United States Army
2762:are classified as
2757:
2582:target acquisition
2539:military doctrines
2530:
2518:
2418:were known as the
2408:American Civil War
2322:was simplified to
2275:target acquisition
1914:Counter-insurgency
1835:Command of the sea
1780:Jewish laws on war
1755:Geneva Conventions
1291:Divide and conquer
1081:Military operation
1046:Tactical objective
545:Fire-control radar
522:Electronic-warfare
166:
138:
124:, left, and other
48:
9365:
9358:978-1-57500-061-9
9313:
9306:978-1-56975-862-5
9291:
9284:978-0-87947-122-4
9269:
9262:978-0-87364-460-0
9251:(1988 ed.).
9243:
9236:978-0-87364-223-1
9225:(1982 ed.).
9217:
9210:978-1-84176-598-3
9201:Osprey Publishing
9199:(2003 ed.).
9191:
9184:978-1-874622-47-5
9169:
9162:978-1-58160-632-4
9151:(2007 ed.).
9140:
9133:978-1-58160-494-8
9122:(2006 ed.).
9111:
9104:978-0-87364-704-5
9093:(1993 ed.).
9065:978-1-84603-140-3
9046:978-1-4728-1534-7
9000:978-0-312-95766-7
8989:(1996 ed.).
8975:978-0-00-818940-2
8960:
8953:978-0-312-36290-4
8942:(2007 ed.).
8681:on 21 August 2010
8554:. 10 October 2014
8523:"Chuck Mawhinney"
8420:"A sniper's tale"
8272:on 1 January 2016
8248:978-0-19-541784-5
8219:978-1-4050-3865-2
8083:Lord Baden-Powell
8022:978-1-4556-0646-7
7869:on 24 August 2011
7756:978-0-312-95766-7
7727:978-0-7603-3717-2
7700:978-1-4165-0362-0
7677:, Army Code 71842
7628:978-1-4406-2890-0
7587:www.k9history.com
7472:978-1-84908-875-6
7438:978-0-312-35472-5
7398:978-0-7603-3002-9
7281:on 24 August 2007
6961:, pp. 10, 19
6935:Sniping in France
6908:Sniping in France
6837:Sniping in France
6731:978-0-8078-9837-6
6697:978-0-7385-8246-7
6663:978-1-58979-181-7
6623:978-0-8071-2136-8
6535:"Whitworth Rifle"
6460:978-0-7867-1773-6
6426:978-0-440-33809-3
6392:978-0-7603-3002-9
6358:978-0-06-201536-5
5396:Operation Slipper
5369:Ben Roberts-Smith
5360:Iraqi insurgent "
5195:. These were the
5193:.338 Lapua Magnum
5177:Household Cavalry
5105:heavy machine gun
4864:American Old West
4815:with iron sights.
4701:English Civil War
4510:Irregular warfare
4330:guerrilla warfare
4237:medulla oblongata
4051:military district
4035:forward observers
3993:
3992:
3927:.338 Lapua Magnum
3837:
3739:LeeâEnfield No. 4
3665:Normandy Invasion
3559:German sniper in
3499:Spanish Civil War
3463:M1903 Springfield
3439:Sniping in France
3289:rifled guns with
3218:polygonal rifling
3149:Morgan's Riflemen
3138:George Washington
3029:Corporal of Horse
2817:perimeter defense
2809:close air support
2745:
2744:
2737:
2533:Military doctrine
2458:atirador de escol
2239:special operation
2192:
2191:
2084:Horses in warfare
2031:Anti-war movement
1934:Gunboat diplomacy
1924:Disaster response
1872:Philosophy of war
1867:Principles of war
1840:Deterrence theory
1785:Right of conquest
1708:Lanchester's laws
1476:Principles of war
1166:Counter-offensive
1146:Military campaign
1051:Target saturation
974:Counterinsurgency
583:Gun data computer
517:Close air support
479:Aircraft carriers
158:.338 Lapua Magnum
115:
114:
16:(Redirected from
9457:
9450:Weapon operation
9425:Military snipers
9401:
9363:
9362:
9340:
9338:
9336:
9324:The Sunday Times
9311:
9310:
9289:
9288:
9267:
9266:
9241:
9240:
9215:
9214:
9189:
9188:
9167:
9166:
9138:
9137:
9109:
9108:
9078:
9069:
9050:
9031:
9004:
8979:
8958:
8957:
8934:
8932:
8930:
8921:. Archived from
8913:
8911:
8909:
8900:. Archived from
8871:
8870:
8858:
8849:
8848:
8846:
8844:
8829:
8823:
8822:
8820:
8818:
8803:
8797:
8796:
8794:
8792:
8787:on 13 March 2009
8773:
8767:
8754:
8748:
8747:
8745:
8743:
8732:
8726:
8719:
8713:
8712:
8710:
8708:
8697:
8691:
8690:
8688:
8686:
8677:. Archived from
8661:
8652:
8651:
8640:
8634:
8629:
8623:
8622:
8611:
8605:
8600:
8594:
8593:
8591:
8589:
8570:
8564:
8563:
8561:
8559:
8544:
8538:
8537:
8535:
8533:
8519:
8513:
8512:
8507:
8505:
8496:. Archived from
8489:
8483:
8482:
8477:
8475:
8463:
8457:
8456:
8454:
8452:
8447:on 17 April 2013
8434:
8428:
8427:
8426:. 26 April 2004.
8416:
8410:
8409:
8397:
8391:
8388:
8382:
8381:
8379:
8377:
8366:
8360:
8359:
8341:
8335:
8334:
8332:
8330:
8315:
8309:
8304:
8300:
8294:
8293:, pp. 31â32
8288:
8282:
8281:
8279:
8277:
8268:. Archived from
8262:
8253:
8252:
8228:
8222:
8207:
8201:
8200:
8188:
8179:
8178:
8167:
8158:
8157:
8154:Business Insider
8148:Valle, Orvelin.
8145:
8132:
8131:
8115:
8109:
8108:
8098:
8090:
8075:
8069:
8068:
8059:. 25 June 1896.
8050:
8044:
8033:
8027:
8026:
8006:
8000:
7992:
7986:
7980:
7974:
7973:
7967:
7965:
7946:
7940:
7939:
7937:
7935:
7926:. Archived from
7916:Electron Libre.
7913:
7907:
7906:
7904:
7902:
7885:
7879:
7878:
7876:
7874:
7865:. Archived from
7852:
7846:
7845:
7843:
7841:
7825:
7819:
7818:
7816:
7814:
7809:on 13 March 2009
7798:
7792:
7791:
7789:
7787:
7770:
7761:
7760:
7738:
7732:
7731:
7711:
7705:
7704:
7684:
7678:
7658:
7652:
7646:
7640:
7639:
7637:
7635:
7609:
7603:
7602:
7600:
7598:
7589:. Archived from
7579:
7573:
7563:
7557:
7556:
7552:The Boston Globe
7542:
7536:
7535:
7533:
7531:
7516:
7507:
7506:
7504:
7502:
7490:
7484:
7483:
7481:
7479:
7456:
7450:
7449:
7447:
7445:
7426:
7416:
7410:
7409:
7407:
7405:
7382:
7376:
7375:
7373:
7371:
7348:
7342:
7341:
7339:
7337:
7332:. laprovence.com
7325:
7319:
7313:
7307:
7305:19 October 2011.
7297:
7291:
7290:
7288:
7286:
7280:
7273:
7265:
7259:
7258:
7256:
7254:
7249:on 24 March 2012
7239:
7233:
7232:
7226:
7218:
7216:
7214:
7205:. Archived from
7199:
7193:
7190:
7184:
7183:
7171:
7165:
7164:
7152:
7146:
7145:
7143:
7141:
7125:
7117:
7111:
7110:
7108:
7106:
7095:
7089:
7088:
7077:
7071:
7070:
7068:
7062:. Archived from
7061:
7053:
7047:
7046:
7018:
7012:
7011:
6983:
6977:
6976:
6968:
6962:
6956:
6950:
6949:
6929:
6923:
6922:
6902:
6896:
6895:
6892:Hesketh Prichard
6887:
6881:
6875:
6869:
6868:
6867:. 16 March 2014.
6861:
6852:
6851:
6831:
6825:
6824:
6823:. 20 March 2020.
6817:
6811:
6810:
6799:
6790:
6789:
6767:
6758:
6752:
6743:
6742:
6740:
6738:
6715:
6709:
6708:
6706:
6704:
6681:
6675:
6674:
6672:
6670:
6651:
6641:
6635:
6634:
6632:
6630:
6611:
6601:
6595:
6592:
6586:
6585:
6583:
6581:
6558:
6552:
6549:
6543:
6542:
6531:
6525:
6524:
6504:
6498:
6497:
6495:
6493:
6478:
6472:
6471:
6469:
6467:
6444:
6438:
6437:
6435:
6433:
6410:
6404:
6403:
6401:
6399:
6376:
6370:
6369:
6367:
6365:
6342:
6336:
6335:
6320:
6314:
6313:
6311:
6309:
6298:
6292:
6291:
6289:
6287:
6276:
6270:
6269:
6267:
6265:
6250:
6244:
6243:
6242:on 29 June 2009.
6232:
6226:
6225:
6223:
6221:
6206:
6200:
6199:
6194:
6192:
6183:. Archived from
6166:
6157:
6156:
6151:The Sunday Times
6143:
6137:
6136:
6134:
6132:
6117:
6111:
6110:
6108:
6106:
6091:
6085:
6084:
6082:
6080:
6071:. Archived from
6064:
6058:
6057:
6045:
6039:
6038:
6036:
6034:
6023:
6017:
6016:
6014:
6012:
6003:. Archived from
5997:
5991:
5990:
5988:
5986:
5967:
5958:
5957:
5955:
5953:
5938:
5929:
5928:
5916:
5910:
5909:
5908:: 4020974153959.
5894:
5888:
5882:
5873:
5868:
5849:
5844:
5827:
5822:
5759:
5754:
5748:
5747:
5719:
5713:
5712:
5684:
5669:
5658:
5652:
5651:
5649:
5647:
5638:. Archived from
5628:
5622:
5621:
5619:
5617:
5603:
5590:
5589:
5561:
5546:
5545:
5543:
5541:
5526:
5511:Sniper equipment
5481:Operation Foxley
5461:JĂ€ger (infantry)
5428:sniper, using a
5381:was awarded the
5117:Adelbert Waldron
5095:Gunnery Sergeant
5009:and in the book
4943:(World War I) â
4736:Patrick Ferguson
4697:Parliamentarians
4661:Second World War
4552:Northern Ireland
4418:Cuban Revolution
4378:Biscari Massacre
4171:Kentucky windage
3839:
3835:
3833:
3727:Second World War
3698:provided by the
3617:telescopic sight
3382:Imperial Germany
3295:smokeless powder
3214:Joseph Whitworth
3212:designed by Sir
3164:Coote Manningham
3134:Patrick Ferguson
3078:, firearms were
3070:Military history
3053:drag coefficient
3033:Blues and Royals
2740:
2733:
2729:
2726:
2720:
2697:
2689:
2604:, killing enemy
2545:, settings, and
2477:
2471:
2466:
2460:
2454:
2448:
2442:
2436:
2430:
2416:Whitworth rifles
2393:
2379:
2377:SchĂŒtzenfĂ€hnlein
2369:
2359:
2184:
2177:
2170:
1939:Humanitarian aid
1877:Security dilemma
1698:Power projection
1481:Economy of force
1461:Chain of command
1176:Defence in depth
1161:Commerce raiding
979:Defeat in detail
295:Defense ministry
199:
190:
189:
180:
168:
167:
162:telescopic sight
144:A modern sniper
136:in December 1942
100:Activity sectors
58:
51:
47:
43:
36:
21:
9465:
9464:
9460:
9459:
9458:
9456:
9455:
9454:
9410:
9409:
9399:
9389:Snipers of WWII
9380:
9375:
9359:
9334:
9332:
9307:
9285:
9263:
9237:
9211:
9185:
9163:
9134:
9105:
9066:
9047:
9028:
9001:
8976:
8954:
8928:
8926:
8925:on 16 June 2019
8907:
8905:
8885:
8879:
8877:Further reading
8874:
8859:
8852:
8842:
8840:
8830:
8826:
8816:
8814:
8804:
8800:
8790:
8788:
8775:
8774:
8770:
8764:Wayback Machine
8755:
8751:
8741:
8739:
8734:
8733:
8729:
8720:
8716:
8706:
8704:
8699:
8698:
8694:
8684:
8682:
8667:(15 May 2006).
8662:
8655:
8645:
8641:
8637:
8630:
8626:
8616:
8612:
8608:
8601:
8597:
8587:
8585:
8572:
8571:
8567:
8557:
8555:
8546:
8545:
8541:
8531:
8529:
8521:
8520:
8516:
8503:
8501:
8490:
8486:
8473:
8471:
8464:
8460:
8450:
8448:
8441:
8435:
8431:
8418:
8417:
8413:
8398:
8394:
8389:
8385:
8375:
8373:
8368:
8367:
8363:
8356:
8342:
8338:
8328:
8326:
8317:
8316:
8312:
8302:
8301:
8297:
8289:
8285:
8275:
8273:
8264:
8263:
8256:
8249:
8229:
8225:
8208:
8204:
8189:
8182:
8169:
8168:
8161:
8146:
8135:
8117:
8116:
8112:
8092:
8091:
8076:
8072:
8052:
8051:
8047:
8034:
8030:
8023:
8007:
8003:
7994:Stuart Hadaway
7993:
7989:
7981:
7977:
7963:
7961:
7948:
7947:
7943:
7933:
7931:
7914:
7910:
7900:
7898:
7887:
7886:
7882:
7872:
7870:
7853:
7849:
7839:
7837:
7826:
7822:
7812:
7810:
7799:
7795:
7785:
7783:
7771:
7764:
7757:
7739:
7735:
7728:
7712:
7708:
7701:
7685:
7681:
7670:Wayback Machine
7659:
7655:
7647:
7643:
7633:
7631:
7629:
7615:(3 July 2007).
7610:
7606:
7596:
7594:
7581:
7580:
7576:
7564:
7560:
7543:
7539:
7529:
7527:
7517:
7510:
7500:
7498:
7491:
7487:
7477:
7475:
7473:
7457:
7453:
7443:
7441:
7439:
7417:
7413:
7403:
7401:
7399:
7383:
7379:
7369:
7367:
7365:
7357:. Amber Books.
7349:
7345:
7335:
7333:
7326:
7322:
7314:
7310:
7299:Gavrilov, Yuri
7298:
7294:
7284:
7282:
7278:
7271:
7267:
7266:
7262:
7252:
7250:
7241:
7240:
7236:
7220:
7219:
7212:
7210:
7203:"Archived copy"
7201:
7200:
7196:
7191:
7187:
7177:
7172:
7168:
7158:
7153:
7149:
7139:
7137:
7123:"The long view"
7118:
7114:
7104:
7102:
7097:
7096:
7092:
7079:
7078:
7074:
7066:
7059:
7055:
7054:
7050:
7035:
7019:
7015:
7000:
6984:
6980:
6969:
6965:
6957:
6953:
6946:
6930:
6926:
6919:
6903:
6899:
6888:
6884:
6876:
6872:
6863:
6862:
6855:
6848:
6832:
6828:
6819:
6818:
6814:
6804:
6800:
6793:
6773:Guns & Ammo
6768:
6761:
6753:
6746:
6736:
6734:
6732:
6716:
6712:
6702:
6700:
6698:
6682:
6678:
6668:
6666:
6664:
6642:
6638:
6628:
6626:
6624:
6602:
6598:
6593:
6589:
6579:
6577:
6575:
6559:
6555:
6550:
6546:
6533:
6532:
6528:
6521:
6505:
6501:
6491:
6489:
6488:on 9 April 2016
6480:
6479:
6475:
6465:
6463:
6461:
6445:
6441:
6431:
6429:
6427:
6411:
6407:
6397:
6395:
6393:
6377:
6373:
6363:
6361:
6359:
6343:
6339:
6322:
6321:
6317:
6307:
6305:
6300:
6299:
6295:
6285:
6283:
6278:
6277:
6273:
6263:
6261:
6252:
6251:
6247:
6234:
6233:
6229:
6219:
6217:
6216:on 29 June 2009
6208:
6207:
6203:
6190:
6188:
6167:
6160:
6154:
6144:
6140:
6130:
6128:
6118:
6114:
6104:
6102:
6092:
6088:
6078:
6076:
6065:
6061:
6054:bearingarms.com
6046:
6042:
6032:
6030:
6025:
6024:
6020:
6010:
6008:
6007:on 22 July 2012
5999:
5998:
5994:
5984:
5982:
5969:
5968:
5961:
5951:
5949:
5939:
5932:
5917:
5913:
5896:
5895:
5891:
5883:
5876:
5869:
5852:
5845:
5830:
5823:
5762:
5755:
5751:
5736:
5720:
5716:
5701:
5685:
5672:
5659:
5655:
5645:
5643:
5630:
5629:
5625:
5615:
5613:
5605:
5604:
5593:
5578:
5562:
5549:
5539:
5537:
5528:
5527:
5523:
5519:
5483:â plan to kill
5466:List of snipers
5457:
5430:McMillan Tac-50
5387:Operation Perth
5351:Sri Lankan Army
5341:Graham Ragsdale
5338:Master Corporal
5333:and 3 in Haiti.
5292:American Sniper
5257:McMillan TAC-50
5255:(12.7 mm)
5227:McMillan TAC-50
5225:(12.7 mm)
5204:Master Corporal
5165:
5155:Black Hawk Down
5111:Chuck Mawhinney
5098:Carlos Hathcock
5076:Battle of Crete
5012:War of the Rats
4981:had around 500.
4945:Native Canadian
4907:Carlos Hathcock
4896:military sniper
4885:
4868:Second Boer War
4757:Napoleonic Wars
4753:
4714:
4689:
4645:
4643:List of snipers
4639:
4620:
4589:
4583:
4536:Charles Whitman
4516:
4508:Main articles:
4506:
4440:
4434:
4403:Benedict Arnold
4338:
4313:
4304:
4271:radio operators
4251:
4245:
4214:
4183:
4085:
4064:
4047:
4026:
4018:shooting sticks
3989:
3977:
3964:
3951:
3941:
3933:
3921:
3909:
3897:
3885:
3878:.308 Winchester
3875:
3867:
3857:
3848:
3847:effective range
3846:
3829:shooting sticks
3814:
3791:supporting the
3759:
3745:; the American
3711:Empire of Japan
3645:anti-tank rifle
3636:assault rifle.
3586:War of the Rats
3489:on a 1943 stamp
3479:
3461:, the American
3362:
3314:Second Boer War
3268:
3266:Second Boer War
3233:Chance Brothers
3189:
3168:William Stewart
3089:
3072:
3058:
2983:
2977:
2960:Munich massacre
2888:
2880:tablet computer
2872:ballistic table
2741:
2730:
2724:
2721:
2710:
2698:
2687:
2626:McMillan Tac-50
2586:impact feedback
2535:
2510:
2490:Main articles:
2488:
2354:of German word
2350:comes from the
2344:The older term
2339:First World War
2283:
2233:In addition to
2188:
2159:
2158:
2109:
2099:
2098:
2064:
2056:
2055:
1996:
1986:
1985:
1959:Multilateralism
1944:Law enforcement
1904:
1894:
1893:
1862:Just war theory
1820:
1810:
1809:
1760:Geneva Protocol
1730:
1720:
1719:
1693:
1683:
1682:
1624:
1614:
1613:
1521:
1511:
1510:
1451:
1441:
1440:
1406:
1396:
1395:
1326:Network-centric
1246:
1236:
1235:
1138:
1128:
1127:
1076:
1066:
1065:
1014:Rapid dominance
919:
909:
908:
864:Electromagnetic
773:
763:
762:
749:
702:
650:
626:
616:
615:
611:Combat training
592:
569:
535:Combat systems:
531:
493:
489:Auxiliary ships
455:
415:
357:
280:
270:
269:
209:
183:
182:
181:
176:
101:
93:Law enforcement
88:
87:Occupation type
76:
44:
37:
30:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
9463:
9453:
9452:
9447:
9442:
9440:Sniper warfare
9437:
9432:
9427:
9422:
9408:
9407:
9396:
9391:
9386:
9379:
9378:External links
9376:
9374:
9373:
9366:
9357:
9341:
9331:on 28 May 2010
9314:
9305:
9292:
9283:
9270:
9261:
9244:
9235:
9218:
9209:
9192:
9183:
9170:
9161:
9141:
9132:
9112:
9103:
9080:
9070:
9064:
9051:
9045:
9037:Modern Snipers
9032:
9026:
9006:
8999:
8980:
8974:
8961:
8952:
8935:
8914:
8886:
8881:Main article:
8878:
8875:
8873:
8872:
8850:
8838:The Australian
8824:
8812:The Australian
8798:
8768:
8749:
8727:
8714:
8692:
8653:
8635:
8624:
8606:
8595:
8565:
8552:Sniper Central
8539:
8514:
8484:
8458:
8429:
8411:
8392:
8383:
8361:
8354:
8336:
8310:
8295:
8283:
8254:
8247:
8241:. p. 63.
8223:
8202:
8180:
8159:
8133:
8122:. 5 May 1901.
8110:
8079:West, James E.
8070:
8045:
8028:
8021:
8001:
7987:
7975:
7941:
7908:
7894:Abcnews.go.com
7880:
7847:
7820:
7793:
7762:
7755:
7733:
7726:
7706:
7699:
7679:
7653:
7641:
7627:
7613:Dockery, Kevin
7604:
7574:
7558:
7537:
7508:
7485:
7471:
7451:
7437:
7411:
7397:
7377:
7363:
7343:
7320:
7308:
7292:
7260:
7234:
7194:
7185:
7176:, p. 388.
7166:
7147:
7112:
7090:
7072:
7048:
7033:
7013:
6998:
6978:
6963:
6951:
6944:
6924:
6917:
6897:
6894:. p. 212.
6890:Parker, Eric.
6882:
6870:
6853:
6846:
6826:
6812:
6791:
6759:
6744:
6730:
6710:
6696:
6676:
6662:
6636:
6622:
6596:
6587:
6573:
6553:
6544:
6526:
6519:
6499:
6473:
6459:
6439:
6425:
6405:
6391:
6371:
6357:
6337:
6315:
6293:
6271:
6260:on 7 June 2011
6245:
6227:
6201:
6187:on 14 May 2015
6158:
6138:
6112:
6086:
6059:
6040:
6018:
5992:
5959:
5930:
5911:
5889:
5874:
5850:
5828:
5760:
5749:
5734:
5714:
5699:
5670:
5653:
5642:on 2 July 2017
5623:
5591:
5576:
5547:
5536:. 31 July 2017
5520:
5518:
5515:
5514:
5513:
5508:
5506:Special forces
5503:
5498:
5493:
5488:
5487:using a sniper
5478:
5473:
5468:
5463:
5456:
5453:
5452:
5451:
5441:
5415:
5407:
5392:Victoria Cross
5365:
5358:
5348:
5334:
5323:
5315:
5312:7.62Ă51mm NATO
5308:
5305:Raufoss Mk 211
5296:
5260:
5230:
5200:
5173:Craig Harrison
5164:
5161:
5160:
5159:
5146:Medal of Honor
5128:Randy Shughart
5120:
5114:
5108:
5092:
5086:
5079:
5072:Victoria Cross
5065:
5051:
5036:
5030:
5019:
5016:
4993:Vasily Zaytsev
4989:
4982:
4979:Ivan Sidorenko
4968:
4948:
4938:
4884:
4881:
4880:
4879:
4836:
4816:
4802:
4783:
4768:
4765:Peninsular War
4752:
4749:
4748:
4747:
4733:
4718:Timothy Murphy
4713:
4710:
4709:
4708:
4688:
4685:
4638:
4635:
4619:
4616:
4585:Main article:
4582:
4579:
4505:
4502:
4487:smoke grenades
4436:Main article:
4433:
4430:
4337:
4334:
4312:
4309:
4303:
4300:
4247:Main article:
4244:
4241:
4213:
4212:Shot placement
4210:
4182:
4179:
4094:7.62Ă51mm NATO
4084:
4081:
4063:
4060:
4046:
4043:
4025:
4022:
3991:
3990:
3987:
3985:
3979:
3978:
3975:
3973:
3966:
3965:
3962:
3960:
3953:
3952:
3949:
3947:
3944:12.7Ă99mm NATO
3935:
3934:
3931:
3929:
3923:
3922:
3919:
3917:
3911:
3910:
3907:
3905:
3899:
3898:
3895:
3893:
3887:
3886:
3883:
3881:
3869:
3868:
3865:
3863:
3860:.223 Remington
3855:5.56Ă45mm NATO
3851:
3850:
3843:
3813:
3810:
3758:
3755:
3630:ZielgerÀt 1229
3600:ScharfschĂŒtzen
3581:Vasily Zaytsev
3514:1940 campaigns
3485:Soviet sniper
3478:
3475:
3449:; the British
3390:trench warfare
3361:
3358:
3287:breech-loading
3267:
3264:
3188:
3185:
3153:Timothy Murphy
3088:
3085:
3071:
3068:
3056:
3025:Craig Harrison
2979:Main article:
2976:
2973:
2941:Columbus, Ohio
2887:
2884:
2868:required leads
2836:spotting scope
2743:
2742:
2725:September 2019
2701:
2699:
2692:
2686:
2683:
2667:Fallujah, Iraq
2578:reconnaissance
2543:military units
2534:
2531:
2487:
2486:Modern warfare
2484:
2480:Franz Joseph I
2452:tireur d'Ă©lite
2391:ScharfschĂŒtzen
2320:snipe shooting
2282:
2279:
2190:
2189:
2187:
2186:
2179:
2172:
2164:
2161:
2160:
2157:
2156:
2151:
2146:
2141:
2136:
2131:
2126:
2124:Military terms
2121:
2116:
2110:
2105:
2104:
2101:
2100:
2097:
2096:
2091:
2086:
2081:
2076:
2071:
2065:
2062:
2061:
2058:
2057:
2054:
2053:
2048:
2043:
2038:
2033:
2028:
2023:
2018:
2013:
2008:
2003:
1997:
1992:
1991:
1988:
1987:
1984:
1983:
1978:
1977:
1976:
1971:
1961:
1956:
1951:
1946:
1941:
1936:
1931:
1926:
1921:
1916:
1911:
1905:
1900:
1899:
1896:
1895:
1892:
1891:
1886:
1885:
1884:
1882:Tripwire force
1874:
1869:
1864:
1859:
1852:
1847:
1842:
1837:
1832:
1827:
1821:
1816:
1815:
1812:
1811:
1808:
1807:
1802:
1797:
1792:
1787:
1782:
1777:
1772:
1767:
1762:
1757:
1752:
1747:
1742:
1737:
1731:
1726:
1725:
1722:
1721:
1718:
1717:
1716:
1715:
1705:
1700:
1694:
1689:
1688:
1685:
1684:
1681:
1680:
1679:
1678:
1673:
1668:
1658:
1653:
1652:
1651:
1646:
1636:
1631:
1625:
1620:
1619:
1616:
1615:
1612:
1611:
1602:
1597:
1596:
1595:
1585:
1580:
1575:
1570:
1565:
1560:
1555:
1550:
1545:
1540:
1535:
1534:
1533:
1522:
1517:
1516:
1513:
1512:
1509:
1508:
1503:
1498:
1493:
1488:
1483:
1478:
1473:
1468:
1463:
1458:
1452:
1447:
1446:
1443:
1442:
1439:
1438:
1433:
1428:
1423:
1418:
1413:
1407:
1404:Administrative
1402:
1401:
1398:
1397:
1394:
1393:
1388:
1383:
1378:
1373:
1368:
1363:
1358:
1353:
1348:
1343:
1338:
1333:
1331:New generation
1328:
1323:
1318:
1313:
1308:
1306:Fleet in being
1303:
1298:
1293:
1288:
1283:
1278:
1273:
1268:
1263:
1258:
1253:
1247:
1244:Grand strategy
1242:
1241:
1238:
1237:
1234:
1233:
1231:Scorched earth
1228:
1223:
1218:
1213:
1208:
1203:
1198:
1193:
1188:
1183:
1178:
1173:
1168:
1163:
1158:
1153:
1148:
1139:
1134:
1133:
1130:
1129:
1126:
1125:
1120:
1115:
1110:
1105:
1103:Deep operation
1100:
1095:
1088:
1083:
1077:
1072:
1071:
1068:
1067:
1064:
1063:
1058:
1053:
1048:
1043:
1038:
1033:
1032:
1031:
1021:
1016:
1011:
1006:
1001:
996:
991:
986:
981:
976:
971:
966:
961:
956:
951:
950:
949:
944:
939:
929:
920:
915:
914:
911:
910:
907:
906:
904:Unconventional
901:
896:
891:
886:
881:
876:
871:
866:
861:
852:
850:Disinformation
847:
842:
837:
832:
827:
822:
821:
820:
815:
805:
800:
795:
790:
785:
780:
774:
769:
768:
765:
764:
761:
760:
755:
748:
747:
746:
745:
744:
743:
733:
728:
723:
718:
713:
701:
700:
699:
698:
697:
696:
686:
681:
676:
671:
666:
661:
649:
648:
647:
646:
641:
636:
627:
622:
621:
618:
617:
614:
613:
608:
603:
601:Basic training
598:
591:
590:
585:
580:
575:
568:
567:
562:
557:
552:
547:
542:
537:
530:
529:
527:Reconnaissance
524:
519:
514:
509:
504:
499:
492:
491:
486:
481:
476:
471:
466:
461:
454:
453:
448:
446:Special forces
443:
438:
437:
436:
426:
421:
414:
413:
408:
403:
398:
393:
388:
383:
378:
373:
368:
363:
356:
355:
346:
341:
332:
327:
322:
317:
312:
307:
302:
297:
292:
287:
281:
276:
275:
272:
271:
268:
267:
266:
265:
260:
250:
249:
248:
243:
233:
232:
231:
224:Post-classical
221:
216:
210:
205:
204:
201:
200:
192:
191:
173:
172:
154:Barak HTR 2000
128:equipped with
126:Soviet snipers
122:Vasily Zaytsev
113:
112:
102:
99:
96:
95:
89:
86:
83:
82:
78:
77:
59:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
9462:
9451:
9448:
9446:
9443:
9441:
9438:
9436:
9433:
9431:
9428:
9426:
9423:
9421:
9418:
9417:
9415:
9406:
9402:
9397:
9395:
9392:
9390:
9387:
9385:
9382:
9381:
9371:
9367:
9360:
9354:
9350:
9346:
9345:Taylor, Peter
9342:
9330:
9326:
9325:
9320:
9315:
9308:
9302:
9298:
9293:
9286:
9280:
9276:
9271:
9264:
9258:
9254:
9253:Paladin Press
9250:
9245:
9238:
9232:
9228:
9227:Paladin Press
9224:
9219:
9212:
9206:
9202:
9198:
9193:
9186:
9180:
9176:
9171:
9164:
9158:
9154:
9153:Paladin Press
9150:
9146:
9142:
9135:
9129:
9125:
9124:Paladin Press
9121:
9117:
9113:
9106:
9100:
9096:
9095:Paladin Press
9092:
9090:
9085:
9081:
9076:
9071:
9067:
9061:
9057:
9052:
9048:
9042:
9038:
9033:
9029:
9027:1-894581-16-4
9023:
9019:
9015:
9011:
9010:Law, Clive M.
9007:
9002:
8996:
8992:
8988:
8987:
8981:
8977:
8971:
8967:
8962:
8955:
8949:
8945:
8941:
8936:
8924:
8920:
8915:
8904:on 6 May 2010
8903:
8899:
8898:
8897:New York Post
8893:
8888:
8887:
8884:
8868:
8864:
8857:
8855:
8839:
8835:
8828:
8813:
8809:
8802:
8786:
8782:
8778:
8772:
8765:
8761:
8758:
8753:
8737:
8731:
8724:
8718:
8703:. Defense.gov
8702:
8696:
8680:
8676:
8675:
8670:
8666:
8660:
8658:
8649:
8644:
8639:
8633:
8628:
8620:
8615:
8614:Chandler 2010
8610:
8604:
8599:
8583:
8579:
8575:
8569:
8553:
8549:
8543:
8528:
8524:
8518:
8511:
8499:
8495:
8488:
8481:
8469:
8462:
8446:
8442:
8433:
8425:
8421:
8415:
8407:
8406:teara.govt.nz
8403:
8396:
8390:Pegler pg.265
8387:
8371:
8365:
8357:
8355:9781847065230
8351:
8347:
8340:
8324:
8320:
8314:
8307:
8299:
8292:
8287:
8271:
8267:
8261:
8259:
8250:
8244:
8240:
8236:
8235:
8227:
8220:
8216:
8212:
8206:
8198:
8194:
8187:
8185:
8176:
8172:
8166:
8164:
8155:
8151:
8144:
8142:
8140:
8138:
8129:
8125:
8121:
8114:
8106:
8102:
8096:
8088:
8084:
8080:
8074:
8066:
8062:
8058:
8057:
8049:
8042:
8041:0-8071-3067-2
8038:
8032:
8024:
8018:
8014:
8013:
8005:
7999:
7998:
7991:
7984:
7979:
7971:
7959:
7955:
7951:
7945:
7929:
7925:
7924:
7919:
7912:
7896:
7895:
7890:
7884:
7868:
7864:
7863:
7858:
7851:
7835:
7831:
7824:
7808:
7804:
7797:
7782:
7781:
7776:
7769:
7767:
7758:
7752:
7748:
7744:
7737:
7729:
7723:
7719:
7718:
7710:
7702:
7696:
7692:
7691:
7683:
7676:
7672:
7671:
7667:
7664:
7657:
7650:
7645:
7630:
7624:
7620:
7619:
7614:
7608:
7592:
7588:
7584:
7578:
7572:
7571:952-5170-05-5
7568:
7562:
7554:
7553:
7548:
7541:
7526:
7522:
7515:
7513:
7496:
7489:
7474:
7468:
7464:
7463:
7455:
7440:
7434:
7430:
7425:
7424:
7415:
7400:
7394:
7390:
7389:
7381:
7366:
7364:9781909160385
7360:
7356:
7355:
7347:
7331:
7324:
7318:, p. 346
7317:
7312:
7306:
7302:
7296:
7277:
7270:
7264:
7248:
7244:
7238:
7230:
7224:
7208:
7204:
7198:
7189:
7181:
7175:
7174:Scherzer 2007
7170:
7162:
7156:
7155:Sadowski 2015
7151:
7135:
7131:
7130:
7124:
7116:
7100:
7094:
7086:
7082:
7076:
7065:
7058:
7052:
7044:
7040:
7036:
7034:0-312-36290-0
7030:
7026:
7025:
7017:
7009:
7005:
7001:
6999:0-312-95766-1
6995:
6991:
6990:
6982:
6974:
6967:
6960:
6955:
6947:
6945:0-85052-426-1
6941:
6937:
6936:
6928:
6920:
6918:0-85052-426-1
6914:
6910:
6909:
6901:
6893:
6886:
6879:
6874:
6866:
6860:
6858:
6849:
6847:0-85052-426-1
6843:
6839:
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6822:
6816:
6808:
6803:
6798:
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6787:
6783:
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6649:
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6610:
6609:
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6591:
6576:
6574:9781849088756
6570:
6566:
6565:
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6548:
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6536:
6530:
6522:
6520:9781451603736
6516:
6512:
6511:
6503:
6487:
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6477:
6462:
6456:
6452:
6451:
6443:
6428:
6422:
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6409:
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5966:
5964:
5948:
5944:
5937:
5935:
5926:
5925:HowStuffWorks
5922:
5915:
5907:
5903:
5900:
5893:
5887:, p. 316
5886:
5881:
5879:
5872:
5867:
5865:
5863:
5861:
5859:
5857:
5855:
5848:
5843:
5841:
5839:
5837:
5835:
5833:
5826:
5821:
5819:
5817:
5815:
5813:
5811:
5809:
5807:
5805:
5803:
5801:
5799:
5797:
5795:
5793:
5791:
5789:
5787:
5785:
5783:
5781:
5779:
5777:
5775:
5773:
5771:
5769:
5767:
5765:
5758:
5753:
5745:
5741:
5737:
5735:1-84176-854-5
5731:
5727:
5726:
5718:
5710:
5706:
5702:
5700:1-84176-854-5
5696:
5692:
5691:
5683:
5681:
5679:
5677:
5675:
5667:
5663:
5657:
5641:
5637:
5633:
5627:
5612:
5608:
5602:
5600:
5598:
5596:
5587:
5583:
5579:
5577:1-84176-854-5
5573:
5569:
5568:
5560:
5558:
5556:
5554:
5552:
5535:
5531:
5525:
5521:
5512:
5509:
5507:
5504:
5502:
5499:
5497:
5494:
5492:
5489:
5486:
5482:
5479:
5477:
5474:
5472:
5469:
5467:
5464:
5462:
5459:
5458:
5449:
5445:
5442:
5439:
5436:
5431:
5427:
5424:
5420:
5416:
5413:
5408:
5405:
5401:
5397:
5393:
5388:
5384:
5380:
5376:
5373:
5370:
5366:
5363:
5359:
5356:
5352:
5349:
5346:
5342:
5339:
5335:
5332:
5328:
5324:
5321:
5316:
5313:
5309:
5306:
5302:
5301:Barrett M82A3
5297:
5294:
5293:
5288:
5284:
5280:
5276:
5272:
5268:
5264:
5261:
5258:
5254:
5250:
5246:
5242:
5238:
5235:
5231:
5228:
5224:
5220:
5216:
5212:
5208:
5205:
5201:
5199:to that time.
5198:
5194:
5190:
5186:
5182:
5178:
5174:
5171:
5168:British Army
5167:
5166:
5157:
5156:
5151:
5147:
5143:
5139:
5138:
5133:
5129:
5125:
5121:
5118:
5115:
5112:
5109:
5106:
5103:
5099:
5096:
5093:
5090:
5087:
5084:
5080:
5077:
5073:
5069:
5066:
5063:
5059:
5055:
5054:Zhang Taofang
5052:
5049:
5045:
5041:
5037:
5034:
5031:
5028:
5024:
5020:
5017:
5014:
5013:
5008:
5007:
5002:
4998:
4994:
4990:
4987:
4983:
4980:
4977:had 534, and
4976:
4972:
4969:
4966:
4962:
4957:
4953:
4949:
4946:
4942:
4939:
4936:
4932:
4928:
4924:
4921:
4920:
4916:
4913:(NVA), was a
4912:
4908:
4904:
4897:
4893:
4889:
4877:
4873:
4869:
4865:
4861:
4857:
4853:
4849:
4845:
4841:
4837:
4834:
4829:
4825:
4821:
4820:John Sedgwick
4817:
4814:
4810:
4806:
4803:
4800:
4796:
4792:
4788:
4784:
4781:
4777:
4773:
4769:
4766:
4762:
4758:
4755:
4754:
4745:
4741:
4737:
4734:
4731:
4727:
4723:
4719:
4716:
4715:
4706:
4702:
4698:
4694:
4691:
4690:
4684:
4682:
4678:
4670:
4669:Denison smock
4666:
4662:
4658:
4654:
4653:H.A. Marshall
4649:
4644:
4634:
4632:
4628:
4625:
4615:
4611:
4609:
4601:
4597:
4593:
4588:
4578:
4574:
4570:
4568:
4564:
4560:
4556:
4553:
4548:
4545:
4541:
4537:
4533:
4525:
4520:
4515:
4511:
4501:
4499:
4494:
4492:
4488:
4484:
4483:hand grenades
4480:
4476:
4472:
4471:smoke screens
4467:
4465:
4459:
4457:
4456:triangulation
4452:
4450:
4444:
4439:
4429:
4427:
4423:
4419:
4415:
4410:
4408:
4404:
4400:
4396:
4390:
4385:
4381:
4379:
4375:
4370:
4368:
4364:
4360:
4351:
4347:
4342:
4333:
4331:
4327:
4323:
4319:
4311:Sound masking
4308:
4299:
4297:
4292:
4287:
4283:
4278:
4276:
4272:
4268:
4263:
4261:
4257:
4250:
4240:
4238:
4233:
4231:
4227:
4222:
4220:
4209:
4205:
4202:
4200:
4192:
4187:
4178:
4174:
4172:
4166:
4163:
4159:
4155:
4150:
4148:
4144:
4139:
4137:
4133:
4129:
4124:
4122:
4121:minute of arc
4117:
4113:
4109:
4104:
4101:
4097:
4095:
4090:
4083:Range finding
4076:
4068:
4059:
4055:
4052:
4042:
4040:
4036:
4032:
4024:U.S. military
4021:
4019:
4014:
4009:
4006:
4001:
3997:
3986:
3984:
3981:
3980:
3974:
3971:
3968:
3967:
3961:
3958:
3955:
3954:
3948:
3945:
3940:
3937:
3936:
3930:
3928:
3925:
3924:
3918:
3916:
3913:
3912:
3906:
3904:
3901:
3900:
3894:
3892:
3889:
3888:
3882:
3879:
3874:
3871:
3870:
3864:
3861:
3856:
3853:
3852:
3844:
3841:
3840:
3830:
3826:
3822:
3821:Royal Marines
3818:
3809:
3806:
3802:
3798:
3794:
3790:
3786:
3781:
3779:
3775:
3768:
3763:
3754:
3752:
3748:
3744:
3740:
3736:
3735:Karabiner 98k
3732:
3728:
3723:
3721:
3716:
3712:
3708:
3703:
3701:
3695:
3689:
3684:
3680:
3678:
3674:
3670:
3666:
3657:
3652:
3648:
3646:
3643:
3637:
3635:
3631:
3627:
3622:
3618:
3614:
3609:
3605:
3601:
3596:
3594:
3593:
3588:
3587:
3582:
3578:
3574:
3566:
3562:
3557:
3553:
3551:
3546:
3542:
3538:
3534:
3530:
3525:
3523:
3519:
3515:
3511:
3506:
3504:
3500:
3496:
3488:
3483:
3474:
3472:
3468:
3464:
3460:
3456:
3452:
3448:
3443:
3441:
3440:
3434:
3432:
3427:
3421:
3418:
3414:
3410:
3401:
3397:
3395:
3391:
3386:
3383:
3379:
3371:
3366:
3357:
3355:
3354:sharpshooters
3350:
3348:
3343:
3339:
3335:
3331:
3327:
3323:
3319:
3315:
3311:
3306:
3304:
3300:
3296:
3292:
3288:
3284:
3276:
3272:
3263:
3261:
3260:John Sedgwick
3257:
3253:
3249:
3245:
3240:
3238:
3234:
3229:
3227:
3223:
3219:
3215:
3211:
3206:
3202:
3198:
3194:
3184:
3182:
3177:
3173:
3169:
3165:
3160:
3158:
3154:
3150:
3146:
3141:
3139:
3135:
3131:
3125:
3121:
3118:
3116:
3115:Clan Campbell
3112:
3108:
3104:
3100:
3095:
3093:
3084:
3081:
3077:
3067:
3065:
3060:
3054:
3050:
3046:
3042:
3038:
3035:RHG/D of the
3034:
3031:(CoH) in the
3030:
3026:
3017:
3013:
3011:
3006:
3004:
3000:
2996:
2987:
2982:
2972:
2970:
2966:
2961:
2953:
2948:
2944:
2942:
2934:
2929:
2925:
2923:
2919:
2915:
2911:
2905:sniper rifles
2904:
2900:
2896:
2892:
2883:
2881:
2877:
2873:
2869:
2865:
2861:
2857:
2853:
2849:
2846:and read the
2845:
2841:
2837:
2832:
2830:
2826:
2822:
2821:assault rifle
2818:
2814:
2810:
2806:
2801:
2799:
2795:
2792:for both the
2791:
2790:
2786:. Within the
2785:
2781:
2777:
2773:
2769:
2765:
2761:
2760:Sniper rifles
2754:
2749:
2739:
2736:
2728:
2718:
2714:
2708:
2707:
2702:This section
2700:
2696:
2691:
2690:
2682:
2680:
2674:
2672:
2668:
2664:
2660:
2656:
2651:
2649:
2645:
2644:Iraq campaign
2641:
2637:
2633:
2631:
2627:
2623:
2619:
2615:
2611:
2607:
2603:
2599:
2595:
2591:
2587:
2583:
2579:
2575:
2571:
2567:
2563:
2562:key personnel
2559:
2555:
2550:
2548:
2544:
2540:
2527:
2522:
2514:
2509:
2505:
2501:
2497:
2493:
2483:
2481:
2476:
2470:
2465:
2459:
2453:
2447:
2441:
2435:
2429:
2423:
2421:
2417:
2413:
2409:
2405:
2401:
2397:
2392:
2387:
2386:Swiss cantons
2383:
2382:German states
2378:
2373:
2368:
2367:SchĂŒtzenfeste
2363:
2358:
2357:ScharfschĂŒtze
2353:
2349:
2348:
2342:
2340:
2336:
2332:
2329:
2325:
2321:
2317:
2312:
2308:
2304:
2300:
2296:
2295:British India
2292:
2288:
2278:
2276:
2272:
2268:
2264:
2260:
2256:
2252:
2248:
2244:
2240:
2236:
2231:
2229:
2225:
2221:
2217:
2212:
2208:
2205:
2201:
2197:
2185:
2180:
2178:
2173:
2171:
2166:
2165:
2163:
2162:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2147:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2137:
2135:
2132:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2122:
2120:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2111:
2108:
2103:
2102:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2085:
2082:
2080:
2077:
2075:
2072:
2070:
2067:
2066:
2060:
2059:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2011:Warrior caste
2009:
2007:
2004:
2002:
1999:
1998:
1995:
1990:
1989:
1982:
1981:Show of force
1979:
1975:
1972:
1970:
1969:Peacebuilding
1967:
1966:
1965:
1962:
1960:
1957:
1955:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1945:
1942:
1940:
1937:
1935:
1932:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1922:
1920:
1917:
1915:
1912:
1910:
1907:
1906:
1903:
1898:
1897:
1890:
1887:
1883:
1880:
1879:
1878:
1875:
1873:
1870:
1868:
1865:
1863:
1860:
1858:
1857:
1853:
1851:
1848:
1846:
1843:
1841:
1838:
1836:
1833:
1831:
1828:
1826:
1825:Air supremacy
1823:
1822:
1819:
1814:
1813:
1806:
1803:
1801:
1798:
1796:
1793:
1791:
1788:
1786:
1783:
1781:
1778:
1776:
1773:
1771:
1768:
1766:
1765:Islamic rules
1763:
1761:
1758:
1756:
1753:
1751:
1748:
1746:
1745:Court-martial
1743:
1741:
1738:
1736:
1733:
1732:
1729:
1724:
1723:
1714:
1711:
1710:
1709:
1706:
1704:
1701:
1699:
1696:
1695:
1692:
1687:
1686:
1677:
1674:
1672:
1669:
1667:
1664:
1663:
1662:
1659:
1657:
1654:
1650:
1647:
1645:
1644:Arms industry
1642:
1641:
1640:
1637:
1635:
1632:
1630:
1627:
1626:
1623:
1618:
1617:
1610:
1606:
1603:
1601:
1598:
1594:
1591:
1590:
1589:
1586:
1584:
1581:
1579:
1576:
1574:
1571:
1569:
1566:
1564:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1554:
1551:
1549:
1546:
1544:
1541:
1539:
1536:
1532:
1529:
1528:
1527:
1524:
1523:
1520:
1515:
1514:
1507:
1504:
1502:
1499:
1497:
1494:
1492:
1489:
1487:
1484:
1482:
1479:
1477:
1474:
1472:
1469:
1467:
1464:
1462:
1459:
1457:
1454:
1453:
1450:
1445:
1444:
1437:
1434:
1432:
1429:
1427:
1424:
1422:
1419:
1417:
1414:
1412:
1409:
1408:
1405:
1400:
1399:
1392:
1389:
1387:
1384:
1382:
1379:
1377:
1374:
1372:
1369:
1367:
1364:
1362:
1359:
1357:
1354:
1352:
1349:
1347:
1344:
1342:
1339:
1337:
1334:
1332:
1329:
1327:
1324:
1322:
1319:
1317:
1314:
1312:
1309:
1307:
1304:
1302:
1299:
1297:
1294:
1292:
1289:
1287:
1284:
1282:
1279:
1277:
1274:
1272:
1269:
1267:
1264:
1262:
1261:Broken-backed
1259:
1257:
1254:
1252:
1249:
1248:
1245:
1240:
1239:
1232:
1229:
1227:
1224:
1222:
1219:
1217:
1214:
1212:
1209:
1207:
1204:
1202:
1199:
1197:
1194:
1192:
1189:
1187:
1184:
1182:
1179:
1177:
1174:
1172:
1169:
1167:
1164:
1162:
1159:
1157:
1154:
1152:
1149:
1147:
1144:
1143:
1142:
1137:
1132:
1131:
1124:
1121:
1119:
1116:
1114:
1111:
1109:
1106:
1104:
1101:
1099:
1098:Expeditionary
1096:
1094:
1093:
1089:
1087:
1084:
1082:
1079:
1078:
1075:
1070:
1069:
1062:
1059:
1057:
1054:
1052:
1049:
1047:
1044:
1042:
1039:
1037:
1034:
1030:
1027:
1026:
1025:
1022:
1020:
1017:
1015:
1012:
1010:
1007:
1005:
1002:
1000:
997:
995:
992:
990:
987:
985:
982:
980:
977:
975:
972:
970:
969:Counterattack
967:
965:
962:
960:
957:
955:
952:
948:
945:
943:
940:
938:
935:
934:
933:
930:
928:
925:
924:
923:
918:
913:
912:
905:
902:
900:
897:
895:
894:Psychological
892:
890:
887:
885:
882:
880:
877:
875:
872:
870:
867:
865:
862:
860:
856:
853:
851:
848:
846:
843:
841:
838:
836:
833:
831:
830:Combined arms
828:
826:
823:
819:
816:
814:
811:
810:
809:
806:
804:
801:
799:
796:
794:
791:
789:
786:
784:
781:
779:
776:
775:
772:
767:
766:
759:
756:
754:
751:
750:
742:
739:
738:
737:
734:
732:
729:
727:
724:
722:
719:
717:
714:
712:
709:
708:
707:
704:
703:
695:
692:
691:
690:
687:
685:
682:
680:
677:
675:
672:
670:
669:Fortification
667:
665:
662:
660:
657:
656:
655:
652:
651:
645:
642:
640:
637:
635:
632:
631:
629:
628:
625:
620:
619:
612:
609:
607:
604:
602:
599:
597:
594:
593:
589:
586:
584:
581:
579:
576:
574:
571:
570:
566:
563:
561:
558:
556:
553:
551:
548:
546:
543:
541:
538:
536:
533:
532:
528:
525:
523:
520:
518:
515:
513:
510:
508:
505:
503:
500:
498:
495:
494:
490:
487:
485:
484:Landing craft
482:
480:
477:
475:
472:
470:
467:
465:
462:
460:
457:
456:
452:
449:
447:
444:
442:
439:
435:
432:
431:
430:
427:
425:
422:
420:
417:
416:
412:
409:
407:
404:
402:
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387:
384:
382:
379:
377:
374:
372:
369:
367:
364:
362:
359:
358:
354:
350:
349:Standing army
347:
345:
342:
340:
336:
333:
331:
328:
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323:
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318:
316:
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264:
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244:
242:
241:pike and shot
239:
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230:
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208:
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198:
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187:
179:
175:
174:
170:
169:
163:
159:
156:chambered in
155:
151:
147:
146:weapon system
142:
135:
131:
127:
123:
119:
111:
107:
103:
97:
94:
90:
84:
79:
75:
74:Ghillie suits
71:
70:PGM HĂ©cate II
67:
63:
57:
52:
46:
41:
34:
19:
9435:Marksmanship
9369:
9348:
9333:. Retrieved
9329:the original
9322:
9296:
9274:
9248:
9222:
9196:
9174:
9148:
9119:
9087:
9074:
9055:
9036:
9013:
8985:
8965:
8939:
8927:. Retrieved
8923:the original
8906:. Retrieved
8902:the original
8895:
8866:
8841:. Retrieved
8837:
8827:
8815:. Retrieved
8811:
8801:
8789:. Retrieved
8785:the original
8781:alertnet.org
8780:
8771:
8752:
8740:. Retrieved
8730:
8722:
8717:
8705:. Retrieved
8695:
8683:. Retrieved
8679:the original
8672:
8638:
8627:
8609:
8598:
8586:. Retrieved
8582:the original
8568:
8556:. Retrieved
8551:
8542:
8530:. Retrieved
8526:
8517:
8509:
8502:. Retrieved
8498:the original
8487:
8479:
8472:. Retrieved
8461:
8449:. Retrieved
8445:the original
8432:
8423:
8414:
8405:
8395:
8386:
8374:. Retrieved
8364:
8345:
8339:
8327:. Retrieved
8322:
8313:
8303:(in Russian)
8298:
8286:
8274:. Retrieved
8270:the original
8233:
8226:
8210:
8205:
8196:
8175:Foreigner.fi
8174:
8153:
8119:
8113:
8086:
8073:
8054:
8048:
8031:
8011:
8004:
7995:
7990:
7983:Plaster 2007
7978:
7968:– via
7962:. Retrieved
7958:the original
7953:
7944:
7932:. Retrieved
7928:the original
7921:
7911:
7899:. Retrieved
7892:
7883:
7871:. Retrieved
7867:the original
7860:
7850:
7838:. Retrieved
7834:the original
7823:
7811:. Retrieved
7807:the original
7796:
7784:. Retrieved
7778:
7746:
7736:
7716:
7709:
7689:
7682:
7661:
7656:
7644:
7632:. Retrieved
7617:
7607:
7595:. Retrieved
7591:the original
7586:
7577:
7561:
7550:
7540:
7528:. Retrieved
7525:The Register
7524:
7499:. Retrieved
7488:
7476:. Retrieved
7461:
7454:
7442:. Retrieved
7422:
7414:
7402:. Retrieved
7387:
7380:
7368:. Retrieved
7353:
7346:
7334:. Retrieved
7323:
7316:Plaster 2006
7311:
7304:
7295:
7283:. Retrieved
7276:the original
7263:
7251:. Retrieved
7247:the original
7237:
7211:. Retrieved
7207:the original
7197:
7188:
7169:
7150:
7138:. Retrieved
7127:
7115:
7103:. Retrieved
7093:
7084:
7075:
7064:the original
7051:
7023:
7016:
6988:
6981:
6966:
6954:
6934:
6927:
6907:
6900:
6891:
6885:
6873:
6836:
6829:
6815:
6802:Pegler 2006a
6777:
6771:
6755:Plaster 2007
6735:. Retrieved
6720:
6713:
6701:. Retrieved
6686:
6679:
6667:. Retrieved
6647:
6639:
6627:. Retrieved
6607:
6599:
6590:
6578:. Retrieved
6563:
6556:
6547:
6538:
6529:
6509:
6502:
6490:. Retrieved
6486:the original
6476:
6464:. Retrieved
6449:
6442:
6430:. Retrieved
6415:
6408:
6396:. Retrieved
6381:
6374:
6362:. Retrieved
6347:
6340:
6331:
6327:
6318:
6306:. Retrieved
6296:
6284:. Retrieved
6274:
6262:. Retrieved
6258:the original
6248:
6240:the original
6230:
6218:. Retrieved
6214:the original
6204:
6196:
6189:. Retrieved
6185:the original
6174:
6150:
6141:
6129:. Retrieved
6125:
6115:
6103:. Retrieved
6099:
6089:
6077:. Retrieved
6073:the original
6062:
6053:
6043:
6031:. Retrieved
6021:
6009:. Retrieved
6005:the original
5995:
5983:. Retrieved
5979:the original
5950:. Retrieved
5946:
5924:
5914:
5902:
5898:
5892:
5825:Plaster 1993
5757:Plaster 2007
5752:
5724:
5717:
5689:
5665:
5661:
5656:
5644:. Retrieved
5640:the original
5635:
5626:
5614:. Retrieved
5610:
5566:
5538:. Retrieved
5533:
5524:
5491:Sniper Alley
5485:Adolf Hitler
5355:Tamil Tigers
5290:
5163:21st century
5153:
5135:
5122:Master Sgt.
5089:Roza Shanina
5010:
5004:
4997:World War II
4965:MosinâNagant
4898:of all time.
4883:20th century
4875:
4871:
4848:Matobo Hills
4833:urban legend
4795:Sharps Rifle
4787:Hiram Berdan
4751:19th century
4726:Simon Fraser
4712:18th century
4687:17th century
4675:Even before
4674:
4627:civil unrest
4621:
4612:
4605:
4590:
4575:
4571:
4549:
4529:
4495:
4468:
4460:
4453:
4445:
4441:
4422:Fidel Castro
4411:
4407:Simon Fraser
4392:
4387:
4382:
4371:
4355:
4314:
4305:
4279:
4264:
4252:
4234:
4223:
4215:
4206:
4203:
4196:
4191:ghillie suit
4175:
4167:
4151:
4140:
4127:
4125:
4105:
4098:
4086:
4056:
4048:
4045:Russian Army
4027:
4010:
4002:
3998:
3994:
3782:
3771:
3724:
3715:Commonwealth
3704:
3700:Hitlerjugend
3696:
3692:
3688:World War II
3669:North Africa
3661:
3638:
3604:Karabiner 98
3599:
3597:
3590:
3584:
3570:
3565:Soviet Union
3541:iron-sighted
3526:
3507:
3503:Soviet Union
3492:
3477:World War II
3471:MosinâNagant
3444:
3437:
3435:
3426:papier-mùché
3422:
3406:
3387:
3375:
3353:
3351:
3346:
3338:ghillie suit
3326:Lord Roberts
3310:Lovat Scouts
3307:
3280:
3241:
3230:
3210:muzzleloader
3201:Ashanti army
3192:
3190:
3161:
3142:
3127:
3123:
3119:
3099:Appin Murder
3096:
3092:Marksmanship
3090:
3073:
3063:
3061:
3037:British Army
3022:
3007:
2992:
2957:
2937:
2908:
2903:Barrett MRAD
2833:
2825:battle rifle
2802:
2798:Marine Corps
2787:
2783:
2779:
2775:
2771:
2758:
2731:
2722:
2711:Please help
2706:verification
2703:
2685:Sniper teams
2677:emphasis on
2675:
2655:sniper teams
2652:
2634:
2630:Denel NTW-20
2598:fire support
2574:intelligence
2566:pinning down
2554:surveillance
2551:
2536:
2496:Scout Sniper
2446:franc-tireur
2424:
2347:sharpshooter
2345:
2343:
2334:
2330:
2323:
2319:
2290:
2286:
2284:
2271:surveillance
2259:infiltration
2232:
2204:paramilitary
2195:
2193:
2094:Fifth column
2074:War resister
2069:Women in war
1964:Peacekeeping
1909:Arms control
1854:
1543:Mobilization
1538:Conscription
1496:Intelligence
1449:Organization
1090:
1019:Encirclement
899:Radiological
835:Conventional
689:Subterranean
596:Development:
595:
572:
534:
496:
459:Naval units:
458:
451:Signal corps
418:
381:Intelligence
361:Specialties:
360:
285:Organization
236:Early modern
150:sniper rifle
45:
33:Sniper rifle
8843:11 February
8817:11 February
8632:Alpert 2010
7873:25 February
7649:Taylor 1997
7597:10 November
6878:Parker 1924
6757:, p. 5
6580:18 November
6105:19 November
5871:Senich 1982
5847:Senich 1988
5540:23 November
5253:.50 caliber
5249:Afghanistan
5237:Rob Furlong
5223:.50 caliber
5219:Afghanistan
5207:Arron Perry
5142:Delta Force
5124:Gary Gordon
5102:M2 Browning
5068:Clive Hulme
5046:during the
4984:Lieutenant
4961:White Guard
4927:World War I
4822:during the
4805:Jack Hinson
4780:Baker rifle
4761:Skirmishers
4693:Lord Brooke
4665:LeeâEnfield
4624:Arab Spring
4618:Arab Spring
4581:War in Iraq
4496:The use of
4363:booby-traps
4132:milliradian
3988:1,500â2,400
3976:1,900â2,300
3963:1,500â2,000
3950:1,500â2,000
3932:1,300â1,600
3778:observation
3707:Pacific War
3527:During the
3495:interbellum
3493:During the
3455:LeeâEnfield
3378:World War I
3360:World War I
3330:field craft
3299:LeeâMetford
3285:the latest
3281:During the
3252:Confederacy
3248:French army
3226:Crimean War
3176:Baker rifle
3039:struck two
2933:White House
2860:slant range
2840:rangefinder
2776:sniper cell
2772:sniper team
2764:crew-served
2663:eye fatigue
2622:Barrett M82
2620:, like the
2590:air strikes
2412:Confederate
2380:) from the
2267:observation
2255:field craft
2079:War studies
1902:Non-warfare
1830:Appeasement
1795:Martial law
1634:War economy
1573:Transgender
1526:Recruitment
1286:Containment
1171:Culminating
1151:Anti-access
1074:Operational
994:Envelopment
937:Air assault
818:Air cavalry
778:Air defence
758:Information
659:Cold-region
624:Battlespace
573:Historical:
419:Land units:
325:Space force
320:Coast guard
253:Late modern
214:Prehistoric
132:during the
91:Military /
9414:Categories
8929:26 January
8643:Drury 2010
8603:Smith 2010
8588:29 October
8276:13 October
7970:Google.com
7934:30 January
7370:12 January
7213:6 February
7132:. London.
6100:Yahoo News
5885:Shore 1988
5646:17 October
5517:References
5446:volunteer
5267:Chris Kyle
5058:Korean War
4956:Winter War
4952:Simo HÀyhÀ
4931:Australian
4923:Billy Sing
4892:Simo HÀyhÀ
4813:long rifle
4799:Union Army
4600:Bundeswehr
4473:, placing
4464:Lahti L-39
4318:suppressor
4302:Relocating
4282:Vidhwansak
4219:blood loss
4197:The term "
4147:ballistics
4116:slide rule
4089:trajectory
3972:(Russian)
3970:14.5Ă114mm
3959:(Russian)
3957:12.7Ă108mm
3891:7.62Ă54mmR
3842:Cartridge
3774:camouflage
3751:M1C Garand
3743:Arisaka 97
3619:which had
3606:and later
3561:Stalingrad
3537:Simo HÀyhÀ
3529:Winter War
3459:Ross rifle
3431:Kim's Game
3413:First Army
3318:Lord Lovat
3237:Birmingham
3080:smoothbore
2897:(Israel's
2852:anemometer
2848:wind speed
2679:coup d'Ćil
2606:commanders
2560:and other
2328:agent noun
2243:camouflage
2235:long-range
2139:War crimes
2129:Operations
2036:Foot drill
2006:Battle cry
1919:deterrence
1578:Harassment
1553:Specialism
1376:Technology
1371:Succession
1316:Liberation
1251:Asymmetric
1186:Empty fort
1092:Blitzkrieg
1061:Withdrawal
1024:Investment
803:Camouflage
798:Biological
736:Underwater
711:Amphibious
630:Aerospace
497:Air units:
474:Submarines
263:fourth-gen
258:industrial
246:napoleonic
81:Occupation
9079:261 pages
9005:352 pages
8674:Maclean's
8306:Biography
8128:0362-4331
8095:cite book
8065:0093-1179
7923:France 24
7780:USA Today
7269:"ATK.com"
7043:122381816
6786:0017-5684
6780:(7): 74.
6324:"Sniping"
5438:insurgent
5367:Corporal
5336:Canadian
5263:U.S. Navy
5232:Canadian
5202:Canadian
5185:Musa Qala
5140:) â were
5027:Wehrmacht
4828:Whitworth
4705:Lichfield
4651:Sergeant
4534:of 1966 (
4359:landmines
4226:Marseille
4199:hide site
3920:900â1,200
3908:900â1,100
3896:800â1,000
3884:800â1,000
3873:7.62Ă51mm
3787:, with a
3626:mountings
3608:Gewehr 43
3447:Gewehr 98
3394:loopholes
3370:Gallipoli
3291:magazines
3277:in Africa
3187:1801â1900
3183:, Spain.
3087:1701â1800
3045:Musa Qala
2850:using an
2838:and/or a
2753:Jalalabad
2640:doctrines
2594:artillery
2526:U.S. Army
2434:chasseurs
2428:caçadores
2316:flintlock
2307:game bird
2285:The name
2281:Etymology
2251:bushcraft
2228:observers
2026:War novel
1929:Grey-zone
1889:War games
1850:Overmatch
1800:War crime
1750:Desertion
1740:Ceasefire
1735:Armistice
1622:Logistics
1600:Mercenary
1588:Volunteer
1519:Personnel
1491:Engineers
1436:Sociology
1391:World war
1386:Total war
1366:Strategic
1356:Religious
1341:Political
1336:Perpetual
1311:Irregular
1226:Offensive
1201:Defensive
1196:Deception
1156:Attrition
1004:Guerrilla
999:Formation
942:Airbridge
874:Loitering
788:Artillery
441:Artillery
376:Engineers
339:Irregular
310:Air force
9445:Shooting
9347:(1997).
9147:(2007).
9118:(2006).
9086:(1993).
9012:(2005).
8760:Archived
8558:28 March
8532:28 March
8504:24 March
8474:24 March
8451:25 March
8329:28 March
8085:(1932).
8043:pp 93â96
7840:21 March
7813:21 March
7786:21 March
7666:Archived
7223:cite web
7140:30 March
7134:Archived
7008:34124115
6176:Sky News
5975:CBS News
5952:24 March
5744:56654780
5709:56654780
5586:56654780
5455:See also
5331:Iraq War
5318:placing
5234:Corporal
4852:Rhodesia
4785:Colonel
4770:British
4677:firearms
4587:Iraq War
4555:Troubles
4475:tripwire
4348:with an
4267:materiel
4013:rucksack
4003:Snipers
3812:Accuracy
3757:Training
3533:Red Army
3334:woodsmen
3283:Boer War
3205:marksmen
2876:notebook
2558:officers
2475:cecchino
2464:cecchino
2396:crossbow
2314:skilled
2291:to snipe
2247:tracking
2207:marksman
2200:military
2041:War song
2016:War film
1649:Materiel
1568:Children
1548:Training
1486:Medicine
1471:Doctrine
1426:Training
1361:Resource
1346:Princely
1296:Economic
1281:Conquest
1276:Colonial
1271:Cold war
1256:Blockade
1136:Strategy
1108:Maneuver
869:Infantry
825:Chemical
679:Mountain
639:Airborne
502:Fighters
469:Warships
424:Infantry
366:Rifleman
330:Reserves
278:Military
9420:Snipers
9405:YouTube
8376:1 April
7964:1 April
7901:1 April
7862:Reuters
7634:12 July
7478:12 July
7444:12 July
7404:12 July
6737:12 July
6703:12 July
6669:12 July
6629:12 July
6492:18 June
6466:12 July
6432:12 July
6398:12 July
6364:12 July
6220:1 April
6131:22 June
5660:In the
5636:army.ca
5616:8 April
5607:"Snipe"
5404:M14 EBR
5181:Taliban
5175:of the
5132:Somalia
5044:Yangtze
5042:around
4929:) â An
4844:Ndebele
4776:Colbert
4699:in the
4681:archers
4538:), the
4426:Batista
4416:in the
4401:, when
4352:in 2004
4291:Barrett
4158:vectors
4154:gravity
4112:reticle
3939:.50 BMG
3866:300â500
3845:Maximum
3789:sandbag
3705:In the
3598:German
3518:Dunkirk
3467:Carcano
3417:Linghem
3376:During
3199:in the
3143:At the
3076:rifling
3041:Taliban
2914:hostage
2784:flanker
2780:spotter
2766:in the
2659:spotter
2650:areas.
2618:.50 BMG
2547:tactics
2404:Lucerne
2324:sniping
2311:hunters
2211:engages
2154:Writers
2149:Weapons
2114:Battles
2063:Related
2051:Wargame
2046:Uniform
1994:Culture
1775:Perfidy
1770:Justice
1691:Science
1676:Outpost
1629:History
1609:Warrior
1605:Soldier
1593:foreign
1531:counter
1431:Service
1381:Theater
1321:Limited
1301:Endemic
1216:Nuclear
984:Foxhole
959:Cavalry
947:Airdrop
932:Airlift
917:Tactics
889:Nuclear
879:Missile
808:Cavalry
793:Barrage
771:Weapons
731:Surface
512:Command
507:Bombers
464:Frogman
434:Cavalry
391:Medical
353:Militia
335:Regular
315:Marines
229:castles
219:Ancient
207:History
186:outline
104:Use of
18:Snipers
9355:
9303:
9281:
9259:
9233:
9207:
9181:
9159:
9130:
9101:
9062:
9043:
9024:
8997:
8972:
8950:
8707:1 June
8352:
8245:
8217:
8126:
8063:
8039:
8019:
7753:
7724:
7697:
7625:
7569:
7530:10 May
7501:10 May
7469:
7435:
7395:
7361:
7336:14 May
7285:1 June
7253:1 June
7105:1 June
7041:
7031:
7006:
6996:
6942:
6915:
6844:
6784:
6728:
6694:
6660:
6620:
6571:
6517:
6457:
6423:
6389:
6355:
6308:7 June
6286:1 June
6264:1 June
6191:7 June
6181:Sky UK
5742:
5732:
5707:
5697:
5584:
5574:
5357:kills.
5283:Ramadi
5265:Chief
5259:rifle.
5189:L115A3
4967:rifle.
4860:cowboy
4838:Major
4526:(2004)
4498:canine
4491:flares
4365:, and
4328:, and
4162:cosine
4041:fire.
4039:mortar
3825:L115A1
3731:SVT-40
3709:, the
3656:Gennep
3634:StG 44
3577:morale
3567:(1942)
3303:Mauser
3197:Scouts
3181:Ferrol
2952:TACLET
2856:mirage
2813:sentry
2636:Soviet
2628:, and
2506:, and
2400:musket
2372:Munich
2352:calque
2335:sniper
2331:sniper
2299:snipes
2287:sniper
2224:scouts
2220:optics
2196:sniper
2134:Sieges
1818:Theory
1558:Morale
1416:Policy
1411:Branch
1191:Mosaic
1181:Fabian
1123:Covert
1056:Trench
1041:Screen
964:Charge
954:Battle
927:Aerial
845:Denial
813:Horses
741:Seabed
694:Tunnel
674:Jungle
664:Desert
634:Aerial
401:Diving
396:Police
152:(here
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