1943:
schemes in the late 1910s and the 1920s. The notable schemes, which had been implemented by 1950, consisted of work injury insurance, pensions, and sickness and maternity insurance. The second group, consisting of
Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Mexico, Panama, Paraguay, Peru and Venezuela, implemented these social services in the 1940s. The extent to which these programs and laws were implemented were less extensive than the first group. In the final group, consisting of the Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras and Nicaragua, social services programmes were implemented in the 1950s and 1960s, with the least coverage out of each group. With the exception of Nicaragua, social service programs are not available for unemployment insurance or family allowances. Average expenditure on social services programs in as a percentage of GDP in these states is 5.3%, which is significantly lower than that of Europe and North America.
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2007:, with coverage extended to urban-based self-employed workers in 1989. Additionally, a national pension program was initiated. Within Taiwan, an extensive national health insurance system was enacted in 1994 and implemented in 1995. During this period the Japanese government also expanded social services for children and the elderly, providing increased support services, increasing funding to care facilities and organisations, and legislating new insurance programs. In the 1990s, Shanghai introduced a housing affordability program which was then later expanded to include all of China. In 2000, Hong Kong introduced a superannuation scheme policy, with China implementing a similar policy soon after.
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1719:, as countries with large welfare programs often provide a wide range of social services. Social services are employed to address the wide range of needs of a society. Prior to industrialisation, the provision of social services was largely confined to private organisations and charities, with the extent of its coverage also limited. Social services are now generally regarded globally as a 'necessary function' of society and a mechanism through which governments may address societal issues.
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4666:. 2 bar charts: For both: From bottom menus: Countries menu > choose OECD. Check box for "latest data available". Perspectives menu > Check box to "compare variables". Then check the boxes for government/compulsory, voluntary, and total. Click top tab for chart (bar chart). For GDP chart choose "% of GDP" from bottom menu. For per capita chart choose "US dollars/per capita". Click fullscreen button above chart. Click "print screen" key. Click top tab for table, to see data.
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2114:. Additionally, the countries with the perception of high-quality public services, specifically Finland, Sweden, Norway, Denmark and the Netherlands, scored the highest on levels of happiness. Conversely, Bulgaria, Romania, Lithuania and Italy, who scored low on levels of satisfaction of social services, had low levels of happiness, with some sociologists arguing this indicates there is a strong correlation between happiness and social services.
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afterwards, with Sweden enacting voluntary sickness insurance in 1892, Denmark in 1892, Belgium in 1894, Switzerland in 1911, and Italy in 1886. Additionally, Belgium, France and Italy enacted legislation subsidising voluntary old-age insurance in this period. By the time the
Netherlands introduced compulsory sickness insurance in 1913, all major European countries had introduced some form of insurance scheme.
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1730:, as well as religious and cultural values. The availability and coverage of social services varies significantly within societies. The main groups which social services is catered toward are: families, children, youths, elders, women, the sick, and the disabled. Social services consists of facilities and services such as: public education, welfare, infrastructure, mail, libraries, social work,
3722:(WHO), the provision of health services is a significant factor in ensuring that individuals are able to maintain their health and wellbeing. The WHO identifies 16 health services that must be provided by countries to ensure that universal health coverage is achieved. These are classified under four categories: reproductive, maternal and children health services,
1805:, and transport services. Social services can be both communal and individually based. This means that they may be implemented to provide assistance to the community broadly, such as economic support for unemployed citizens, or they may be administered specifically considering the need of an individual – such as
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however the effectiveness of these programs are significantly reduced when they are not correctly implemented, or when these programs are not implemented together. The issues in which social services attempt at preventing for children include substance abuse, underemployment and unemployment, homelessness and
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at the time of the outbreak. Social services, such as education, have been required to adapt to changing social conditions while still providing essential services. Social services have expanded worldwide through the introduction of economic stimulus packages, with governments globally committing US$
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Within the area of child welfare, social services aim to provide help to children and their families, while providing mechanisms to ensure they are able to live safe, stable lives with a permanent home. In the United States, 3 million children are maltreated each year, with the overall economic costs
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totalling up to US$ 80 billion annually. Social service programs cost the US$ 29 billion USD on child maltreatment prevention and child welfare services. According to researchers, social service programs are effective in reducing maltreatment and reducing overall economic costs to society,
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data reveals that the provision of universal health coverage leads to significantly positive outcomes on society. This includes a positive correlation between life expectancy and the provision of health services and a negative relationship between life expectancy and countries which's social service
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study in 2011 found that the countries with the highest ratings were
Denmark, Norway, Sweden and Finland, while the lowest ratings were given by people from Estonia, Portugal and Hungary. Another study recorded by the Global Barometer of Happiness in 2011 found similar results. Both of these studies
1862:
The development of social services increased significantly in the last two decades of the nineteenth century in Europe. There are a number of factors that contributed to the development of social services in this period. These include: the impacts of industrialisation and urbanisation, the influence
1921:
also introduced a large amount of social welfare legislation in this period. Mandatory sickness insurance was introduced in 1883, with workplace accident insurance enacted in 1884 alongside old age and invalidity schemes in 1889. Insurance laws of this kind were emulated in other
European countries
1999:
government in 1953 propagated a healthcare inclusive workers insurance programme. A separate insurance scheme for bureaucrats and the military was also provided in Korea in this time. In 1968, Singapore increased its social services program to include public housing, and expanding this further in
2135:
However, the impact of social service programs on poverty varies depending on the service. One paper conducted within China indicates that social services in the form of direct financial assistance does not have a positive impact on the reduction of poverty rates. The paper also stated that the
1942:
According to
Carmelo Meso-Lago, social services and welfare systems within South America developed in three separate stages, with three groups of countries developing at different rates. The first group, consisting of Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Costa Rica and Uruguay, developed social insurance
1848:
Social services may be available to the entirety of the population, such as the police and fire services, or they may be available to only specific groups or sections of society. Some examples of social service recipients include elderly people, children and families, people with disabilities,
1904:
it was set at 12 hours per day. The Act also was the first legislation requiring compulsory schooling within
Britain. Another central development for the existence of social services was Switzerland's legislation of the Factory Act in 1877. The Factory Act introduced limitations on
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have provided critical services in containing the pandemic and ensuring society functions. The impact of the pandemic was compounded by the shortage of social services globally, with the world requiring six million more nurses and midwives to achieve the goals set within the
1986:
scheme was introduced in 1955. Within Korea, voluntary health insurance was made available in 1963 and mandated in 1976. Private insurance was only available to citizens employed by large corporate firms, while a separate insurance plans were provided to
1849:
including both physical and mental disabilities. These may extend to drug users, young offenders and refugees and asylum seekers depending on the country and its social service programs, as well as the presence of non-governmental organisations.
1891:
In the nineteenth century, as countries industrialised further, the extent of social services in the form of labour schemes and compensation expanded. The expansion of social services began following
Britain's legislation of the 1833
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1817:'. This model provides significant aid to disadvantaged groups such as people with disabilities and is administered through the local government with limited contributions from non-governmental organisations.
1785:, social assistance, social care and social work, with many of the terms overlapping in characteristics and features. What is considered a ‘social service’ in a specific country is determined by its history,
3793:. Following 1996 welfare reform in the US, employment rates among single mothers have increased considerably from 60% in 1994 to 72% in 1999. Social services, particularly education, are considered by
1839:
model: employed in the UK and
Australia, the government provides support but has stringent regulations and checks which it employs to determine who is entitled to receive social services or assistance.
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programs do not provide universal healthcare coverage. Additionally, the density of the provision of healthcare services by the government is positively associated with increases in life expectancy.
2003:
Following domestic political upheaval within Asian countries in the 1980s, the availability social services considerably increased in the region. In 1988 in Korea, health insurance was granted to
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1231:
1715:. They may be provided by individuals, private and independent organizations, or administered by a government agency. Social services are connected with the concept of welfare and the
3801:. Social services, notably educational programs and aid provided by organisations such as UNICEF, are also essential in providing women strategies and tools to prevent and respond to
1896:. The legislation set limits on the minimum age of children working, preventing children younger than nine years of age from working. Additionally, the Act set a limit of 48
1880:
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provision of public services in the form of medical insurance, health services and hygiene protection have a 'significantly positive' impact upon the reduction of poverty.
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2000:
1984 to include medical care. Within both Korea and Taiwan, by the 1980s the number of workers that were covered by labour insurance had not increased above 20%.
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Research indicates that welfare programs, which are included as a part of social services, have a considerable impact upon poverty rates in countries in which
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as an effective method through which to combat gender inequality. Social services such as education may be employed to overcome discrimination and challenge
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995:
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Ringel, Jeanne S.; Schultz, Dana; Mendelsohn, Joshua; Holliday, Stephanie Brooks; Sieck, Katharine; Edochie, Ifeanyi; Davis, Lauren (2018-03-30).
3805:. Other examples of social services which may help address this issue include the police, welfare services, counselling, legal aid and healthcare.
4758:. Click the sources tab under the chart for info on the countries, healthcare expenditures, and data sources. See the later version of the chart
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The topmost graph displays spending on social services as a percentage of yearly GDP in OECD countries from the period between 1880 and 2016.
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The table below displays the welfare spending of countries as a percentage of their total GDP. The statistics are sourced from the
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are a range of public services intended to provide support and assistance towards particular groups, which commonly include the
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1769:. This non-governmental charity provides the sourcing, preparation and delivery of food to disadvantaged peoples, such as the
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4945:"The role of public service and public servants during the COVID-19 pandemic | Department of Economic and Social Affairs"
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3781:. Social service programs within this area include family preservation, kinship care, foster and residential care.
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Illustration of industrial-era child labour, depicting a girl pulling coal up a mineshaft. The
Factory Laws and
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indicated that the most important aspects of quality of life to people were health, education, welfare and the
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Empirical evidence suggests that social service programs have had a significant impact upon the employment of
1824:, this model relies on the aid of individuals and families which usually work with clergy, as well as that of
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price differences between countries, the relationship between life expectancy and healthcare expenditure.
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Moller, Stephanie; Huber, Evelyne; Stephens, John D.; Bradley, David; Nielsen, Francois (February 2003).
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Within Asia, the significant development of social services first began in Japan after the conclusion of
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Japan's economic expenditure on core social services post WWII, sourced from the
Japanese Government's
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thought regarding state responsibility for welfare, and the growing influence of trade unions and the
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There have been several findings which indicate that social services have a positive impact upon the
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The above graph displays social spending as a percentage of yearly GDP in OECD countries in 2015.
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4533:"Escaping from poverty trap: a choice between government transfer payments and public services"
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The absolute poverty rates of various countries before and after their introduction of welfare
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The relative poverty rates before and after the introduction of welfare of various countries
1933:. Through the passage Factory Acts, the severity and commonality of child labour decreased.
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3816:. Social services and social workers played a central role in the response to the pandemic.
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laws in 1958 and pensions in 1959 to address societal upheaval. In Singapore, a compulsory
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1809:. Social services are provided through a variety of models. Some of these models include:
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The provision of education services is an example of a social service. For more, see
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in the late nineteenth century aimed at limiting and ending child labour in Europe.
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3759:. The US does not provide a universal health care program, but introduced the
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Social services have played a central role in the global response to the
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The term ‘social services’ is often substituted with other terms such as
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4427:"Do Social-Welfare Policies Reduce Poverty? A Cross-National Assessment"
4401:
Dimian, Gina (2012). "PUBLIC SERVICES – KEY FACTOR TO QUALITY OF LIFE".
4248:
Flora, Peter (2017-07-28). Flora, Peter; Heidenheimer, Arnold J (eds.).
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4481:"Determinants of Relative Poverty in Advanced Capitalist Democracies"
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Link between health spending and life expectancy: US is an outlier
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STRATEGY OF EQUALITY : redistribution and the social services
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4531:
Chen, Sixia; Li, Jianjun; Lu, Shengfeng; Xiong, Bo (2017-06-05).
4045:"'Late Industrializers' and the Development of the Welfare State"
1925:
1797:. The most central aspects of social services include education,
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303:
237:
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3836:, public officials, teachers, social welfare officers and other
2166:(threshold set at 40% of United States median household income)
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In Chelsea, coalition aims to save lives on verge of unraveling
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Management & Marketing Challenges for the Knowledge Society
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2004:
367:
4592:"The evolution and impact of social security in South Africa"
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Secretary of State for Communities and Local Government (UK)
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3984:"The Welfare State, Public Services and the 'Social Wage'"
3714:. $ 6,319 for Canada in 2022. $ 12,555 for the US in 2022.
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Welfare spending of countries as percentage of total GDP
2543:
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The Scandinavian model: based on the principles within '
4974:– article on "Hub model" of social service coordination
4251:
The Development of Welfare States in Europe and America
1929:
A photograph of a 10-year-old girl in 1912 employed in
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Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
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A photograph of a doctor in 2020 in the midst of the
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4323:"Conservative Social Politics in Austria, 1880–1890"
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Department for Communities and Local Government (UK)
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130 Billion as of June 2020 to manage the pandemic.
6148:
International Association of Schools of Social Work
4369:"Welcome to Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare"
4051:, London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, pp. 215–245,
3990:, London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, pp. 162–184,
3892:
Ministry of Community and Social Services (Ontario)
996:
Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party
6324:National Association of Social Workers (American)
6314:International Federation of Social Workers (IFSW)
1900:for children aged 9 to 13, and for children aged
7092:
6319:National Alliance of Professional Social Workers
3981:
3751:This graph displays, adjusted for inflation and
6354:Professional Social Workers' Association (PSWA)
6125:Bachelor of Social Work (BA, BSc or BSW) degree
4837:"From Welfare to Work: What the Evidence Shows"
4711:"Universal Health Coverage and Health Outcomes"
3820:
1820:The family care model: employed throughout the
4645:
4633:"Government spending climbs to R1,71 trillion"
1970:in the 1950s following the reformation of the
6411:
6339:Institute of Medical Social Workers (British)
6138:Master of Social Work degree (MA, MSc or MSW)
5845:
5523:
4993:
4589:
4530:
3857:Australian referendum, 1946 (Social Services)
1689:
1021:International Alliance of Libertarian Parties
991:Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe
2550:List of countries by social welfare spending
1937:
6349:Scottish Children's Reporter Administration
6120:Qualifications for professional social work
4174:
4172:
3988:Developmental Pathways to Poverty Reduction
3982:Seekings, Jeremy; Nattrass, Nicoli (2015),
1917:for children and young adults. In Germany,
6418:
6404:
6143:Doctor of Social Work degree (Ph.D or DSW)
5852:
5838:
5530:
5516:
5000:
4986:
3710:. Public and private spending. US dollars
1696:
1682:
4808:
4590:Woolard, Ingrid; Klasen, Stephan (2010).
4566:
4548:
4450:
4424:
3897:New York State Social Services Department
1761:preparing food. This is an example of an
1026:International Federation of Liberal Youth
6329:Australian Association of Social Workers
4888:"Turning domestic violence into triumph"
4320:
4169:
4148:
3807:
3746:
3702:
3686:
3681:
2146:
2138:
1950:
1924:
1878:
1749:
18:
4834:
4409:: 151–164 – via ProQuest Central.
4203:
4163:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199579396.003.0045
4042:
1742:, public transport and public housing.
1006:Council of Asian Liberals and Democrats
7093:
6344:Canadian Association of Social Workers
6099:Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW)
4939:
4937:
4935:
4933:
4931:
4858:
4856:
4830:
4828:
4778:
4776:
4774:
4772:
4770:
4768:
4705:
4703:
4701:
4676:
4674:
4672:
4526:
4524:
4522:
4400:
4149:Peng, Ito; Wong, Joseph (2010-07-15).
4049:Social Policy in a Development Context
2544:Expenditure on social welfare programs
6399:
6334:British Association of Social Workers
5833:
5511:
4981:
4835:Moffitt, Robert A. (2 January 2002).
4474:
4472:
4470:
4420:
4418:
4416:
4396:
4394:
4392:
4390:
4388:
4316:
4314:
4312:
4310:
4247:
4199:
4197:
4144:
4142:
4140:
4138:
4136:
4134:
3977:
3975:
3973:
3948:
3946:
3944:
3942:
2169:
2163:
2160:
2156:Poverty levels pre- and post-welfare
1957:Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare
1874:
1857:
1765:which provides the social service of
7049:
5490:
4741:
4321:Grandner, Margarete (January 1996).
4285:
4283:
4281:
4279:
4243:
4241:
4239:
4237:
4235:
4181:"Social Expenditure Database (SOCX)"
4132:
4130:
4128:
4126:
4124:
4122:
4120:
4118:
4116:
4114:
4089:
4087:
4085:
4083:
4081:
4038:
4036:
4034:
4032:
4030:
4028:
4026:
4024:
4022:
4020:
3940:
3938:
3936:
3934:
3932:
3930:
3928:
3926:
3924:
3922:
2132:accounts for over 20% of their GDP.
6425:
5007:
4928:
4853:
4825:
4765:
4698:
4669:
4519:
1946:
1046:Liberal South East European Network
13:
4785:"Improving Child Welfare Outcomes"
4656:Health resources – Health spending
4467:
4413:
4385:
4307:
4194:
3970:
3867:Department of Social Services (US)
3698:
2164:Absolute poverty rate (1960–1991)
2096:
1745:
14:
7157:
6024:Social learning (social pedagogy)
5537:
4965:
4912:"Police, legal help, and the law"
4682:"Universal health coverage (UHC)"
4537:Global Health Research and Policy
4276:
4232:
4111:
4078:
4017:
3919:
1036:Liberal Network for Latin America
469:(contributions to liberal theory)
7072:
7061:
7048:
7037:
7036:
6153:Council on Social Work Education
5489:
5478:
5477:
4178:
3708:Total healthcare cost per person
3658:
3627:
3600:
3569:
3538:
3507:
3476:
3449:
3418:
3387:
3356:
3329:
3298:
3267:
3236:
3205:
3178:
3147:
3116:
3085:
3054:
3027:
2997:
2966:
2935:
2904:
2873:
2842:
2811:
2780:
2749:
2718:
2687:
2656:
2625:
2594:
2518:
2493:
2468:
2443:
2418:
2393:
2368:
2343:
2318:
2293:
2268:
2243:
2218:
2193:
1663:
1651:
50:
6991:List of social science journals
4916:Family & Community Services
4904:
4880:
4625:
4583:
4361:
3765:Healthcare in the United States
6948:Science and technology studies
5994:Solution focused brief therapy
3862:Child Protective Services (US)
3757:US average of $ 10,447 in 2018
410:Separation of church and state
1:
5277:Needle and syringe programmes
5131:Universal access to education
3958:scholar.googleusercontent.com
3913:
3907:Social Welfare (constituency)
3887:International Social Services
3843:Sustainable Development Goals
1843:
5979:Cognitive behavioral therapy
4485:American Sociological Review
4425:Kenworthy, L. (1999-03-01).
3821:Social services and COVID-19
3803:domestic and family violence
7:
6079:Social work in the military
5360:Publicly funded health care
3849:
3742:
2124:Welfare's effect on poverty
2005:self-employed rural workers
10:
7162:
4204:JULIAN., LE GRAND (2020).
3954:"EUROPEAN SOCIAL SERVICES"
2547:
2121:
2117:
2091:
1966:. Due to rising levels of
1852:
7032:
6999:
6983:
6730:
6456:
6433:
6362:
6304:
6166:
6112:
6064:Psychiatric social worker
6036:
5891:
5875:
5868:
5766:
5545:
5473:
5417:
5385:National health insurance
5350:
5337:Supervised injection site
5247:
5197:
5144:
5038:
5015:
4550:10.1186/s41256-017-0035-x
4339:10.1017/s006723780000583x
4327:Austrian History Yearbook
3877:Emergency Social Services
3728:noncommunicable' diseases
3720:World Health Organization
3653:
3622:
3595:
3564:
3533:
3502:
3471:
3444:
3413:
3382:
3351:
3324:
3293:
3262:
3231:
3200:
3173:
3142:
3111:
3080:
3049:
3022:
2992:
2961:
2930:
2899:
2868:
2837:
2806:
2775:
2744:
2713:
2682:
2651:
2620:
2589:
2584:
2581:
2578:
2575:
2572:
2569:
2566:
2516:
2491:
2466:
2441:
2416:
2391:
2366:
2341:
2316:
2291:
2266:
2241:
2216:
2191:
2186:
2183:
2180:
2177:
1938:South America (1910–1960)
1633:Sexually liberal feminism
1540:Bias in American academia
1011:European Democratic Party
467:List of liberal theorists
5899:Anti-oppressive practice
5819:Public policy by country
5380:Single-payer health care
5189:Universal basic services
5136:Universal basic services
4057:10.1057/9780230523975_10
3784:
2047:Charitable Organisations
2010:
1976:Liberal Democratic Party
292:Labor theory of property
16:Range of public services
6636:international relations
5999:Strength-based practice
5974:Psychosocial assessment
5964:Performance measurement
5081:Public good (economics)
4155:Oxford Handbooks Online
4099:Encyclopedia Britannica
4043:Pierson, Chris (2004),
3996:10.1057/9781137452696_7
3763:in 2010. For more, see
2076:Crisis Support Services
1001:Arab Liberal Federation
191:Consent of the governed
6963:Quantum social science
6158:Schools of social work
6054:Forensic social worker
5914:Community organization
5789:Public policy doctrine
4729:Cite journal requires
4613:Cite journal requires
4291:"The 1833 Factory Act"
3817:
3768:
3730:, and basic access to
3715:
3695:
3692:
2170:Relative poverty rate
2152:
2144:
1959:
1934:
1898:working hours per week
1888:
1774:
1724:universal human rights
1016:European Liberal Youth
986:Africa Liberal Network
211:Economic globalization
28:
7000:Other categorizations
6853:International studies
6838:History of technology
6773:Communication studies
6656:public administration
6069:Rehabilitation worker
6059:Medical social worker
5949:New Public Management
5924:Financial social work
5779:Public administration
5774:Evidence-based policy
5229:Public infrastructure
5066:Public administration
5051:Free-culture movement
4789:Rand Health Quarterly
4260:10.4324/9781351304924
3811:
3750:
3706:
3690:
3685:
2150:
2142:
2086:Public transportation
1978:legislated extensive
1954:
1928:
1915:workplace protections
1882:
1753:
1736:universal health care
1728:democratic principles
1658:Liberalism portal
1530:Anti-authoritarianism
1031:Liberal International
22:
6833:Historical sociology
6074:School social worker
6037:Types of social work
5984:Recreational therapy
5919:Critical social work
5863:and related concepts
5794:Public policy school
4443:10.1093/sf/77.3.1119
3814:coronavirus outbreak
3779:criminal convictions
462:Age of Enlightenment
415:Separation of powers
7013:Geisteswissenschaft
7007:Behavioral sciences
6933:Political sociology
6848:Information science
6793:Development studies
6291:Trinidad and Tobago
6084:Social group worker
5904:Crisis intervention
5465:Public viewing area
5234:Public water system
5222:Municipal broadband
5179:Public broadcasting
4750:. May 26, 2017. By
4664:10.1787/8643de7e-en
3761:Affordable Care Act
3724:infectious diseases
2563:
2157:
2130:welfare expenditure
2105:of individuals. An
2061:Disability Services
1670:Politics portal
373:Civil and political
346:Popular sovereignty
206:Economic liberalism
7146:Left-wing politics
7068:Society portal
6555:auxiliary sciences
6044:Social case worker
5959:Program evaluation
5909:Community practice
5430:Government auction
5116:Public procurement
3834:Healthcare workers
3818:
3774:child maltreatment
3769:
3716:
3696:
3693:
2561:
2155:
2153:
2145:
1993:military personnel
1960:
1935:
1911:maternity benefits
1889:
1875:Europe (1833–1914)
1858:Early developments
1775:
341:Permissive society
321:Limited government
29:
7136:Social liberalism
7088:
7087:
6928:Political economy
6923:Political ecology
6778:Community studies
6768:Cognitive science
6731:Interdisciplinary
6631:Political science
6393:
6392:
6032:
6031:
5989:Health psychology
5934:Group development
5827:
5826:
5752:
5745:
5738:
5699:
5692:
5663:
5656:
5637:
5630:
5623:
5616:
5609:
5602:
5595:
5581:
5505:
5504:
5332:Public university
5312:Public open space
5257:Drinking fountain
5217:Telecommunication
4864:"Gender equality"
4756:Our World in Data
4295:www.parliament.uk
4217:978-1-138-59765-5
4066:978-1-4039-3661-5
4005:978-1-349-56904-5
3718:According to the
3680:
3679:
2541:
2540:
1995:. In Taiwan, the
1968:social inequality
1919:Otto von Bismarck
1783:social protection
1706:
1705:
1545:Bias in the media
1061:Regional variants
378:Natural and legal
7153:
7076:
7066:
7065:
7052:
7051:
7040:
7039:
6943:Regional science
6788:Cultural studies
6763:Business studies
6420:
6413:
6406:
6397:
6396:
6049:Child protection
6004:Systems thinking
5873:
5872:
5854:
5847:
5840:
5831:
5830:
5784:Public budgeting
5748:
5741:
5734:
5695:
5688:
5661:Renewable energy
5659:
5652:
5633:
5626:
5619:
5612:
5605:
5598:
5591:
5577:
5532:
5525:
5518:
5509:
5508:
5493:
5492:
5481:
5480:
5392:Social insurance
5239:Waste management
5207:Electric utility
5184:Public transport
5101:Public ownership
5020:Municipalization
5002:
4995:
4988:
4979:
4978:
4960:
4959:
4957:
4956:
4941:
4926:
4925:
4923:
4922:
4908:
4902:
4901:
4899:
4898:
4884:
4878:
4877:
4875:
4874:
4860:
4851:
4850:
4848:
4847:
4832:
4823:
4822:
4812:
4780:
4763:
4745:
4739:
4738:
4732:
4727:
4725:
4717:
4715:
4707:
4696:
4695:
4693:
4692:
4678:
4667:
4649:
4643:
4642:
4640:
4639:
4629:
4623:
4622:
4616:
4611:
4609:
4601:
4599:
4598:
4587:
4581:
4580:
4570:
4552:
4528:
4517:
4516:
4476:
4465:
4464:
4454:
4437:(3): 1119–1139.
4422:
4411:
4410:
4398:
4383:
4382:
4380:
4379:
4365:
4359:
4358:
4318:
4305:
4304:
4302:
4301:
4287:
4274:
4273:
4245:
4230:
4229:
4201:
4192:
4191:
4189:
4187:
4176:
4167:
4166:
4146:
4109:
4108:
4106:
4105:
4095:"Social service"
4091:
4076:
4075:
4074:
4073:
4040:
4015:
4014:
4013:
4012:
3979:
3968:
3967:
3965:
3964:
3950:
3732:medical services
3664:
3662:
3661:
3633:
3631:
3630:
3606:
3604:
3603:
3575:
3573:
3572:
3544:
3542:
3541:
3513:
3511:
3510:
3482:
3480:
3479:
3455:
3453:
3452:
3424:
3422:
3421:
3393:
3391:
3390:
3362:
3360:
3359:
3335:
3333:
3332:
3304:
3302:
3301:
3273:
3271:
3270:
3242:
3240:
3239:
3211:
3209:
3208:
3184:
3182:
3181:
3153:
3151:
3150:
3122:
3120:
3119:
3091:
3089:
3088:
3060:
3058:
3057:
3033:
3031:
3030:
3003:
3001:
3000:
2972:
2970:
2969:
2941:
2939:
2938:
2910:
2908:
2907:
2879:
2877:
2876:
2848:
2846:
2845:
2817:
2815:
2814:
2786:
2784:
2783:
2755:
2753:
2752:
2724:
2722:
2721:
2693:
2691:
2690:
2662:
2660:
2659:
2631:
2629:
2628:
2600:
2598:
2597:
2564:
2560:
2524:
2522:
2521:
2499:
2497:
2496:
2474:
2472:
2471:
2449:
2447:
2446:
2424:
2422:
2421:
2399:
2397:
2396:
2374:
2372:
2371:
2349:
2347:
2346:
2324:
2322:
2321:
2299:
2297:
2296:
2274:
2272:
2271:
2249:
2247:
2246:
2224:
2222:
2221:
2199:
2197:
2196:
2158:
2154:
2081:Emergency Relief
1980:health insurance
1974:, the incumbent
1972:Japanese economy
1947:Asia (1950–2000)
1803:housing programs
1791:political system
1698:
1691:
1684:
1668:
1667:
1656:
1655:
1574:Economic freedom
1567:Radical centrism
405:Secular humanism
331:Natural monopoly
282:Internationalism
99:Internationalist
54:
31:
30:
25:Public Education
7161:
7160:
7156:
7155:
7154:
7152:
7151:
7150:
7126:Social sciences
7101:Public services
7091:
7090:
7089:
7084:
7060:
7028:
6995:
6979:
6953:Science studies
6737:Administration
6726:
6452:
6429:
6427:Social sciences
6424:
6394:
6389:
6358:
6306:
6300:
6168:
6162:
6108:
6089:Social planning
6028:
6019:Social medicine
5954:Policy analysis
5887:
5864:
5858:
5828:
5823:
5799:Policy analysis
5762:
5541:
5536:
5506:
5501:
5469:
5455:Public security
5445:Public offering
5413:
5402:Social security
5352:Social services
5346:
5302:Public hospital
5297:Public computer
5292:Public bookcase
5243:
5193:
5162:Law enforcement
5157:Fire department
5140:
5091:Public interest
5034:
5030:Progressive tax
5025:Nationalization
5011:
5009:Public services
5006:
4968:
4963:
4954:
4952:
4943:
4942:
4929:
4920:
4918:
4910:
4909:
4905:
4896:
4894:
4886:
4885:
4881:
4872:
4870:
4862:
4861:
4854:
4845:
4843:
4833:
4826:
4781:
4766:
4746:
4742:
4730:
4728:
4719:
4718:
4716:. 22 July 2016.
4713:
4709:
4708:
4699:
4690:
4688:
4680:
4679:
4670:
4650:
4646:
4637:
4635:
4631:
4630:
4626:
4614:
4612:
4603:
4602:
4596:
4594:
4588:
4584:
4529:
4520:
4497:10.2307/3088901
4477:
4468:
4423:
4414:
4399:
4386:
4377:
4375:
4367:
4366:
4362:
4319:
4308:
4299:
4297:
4289:
4288:
4277:
4270:
4246:
4233:
4218:
4202:
4195:
4185:
4183:
4177:
4170:
4147:
4112:
4103:
4101:
4093:
4092:
4079:
4071:
4069:
4067:
4041:
4018:
4010:
4008:
4006:
3980:
3971:
3962:
3960:
3952:
3951:
3920:
3916:
3911:
3852:
3838:public servants
3823:
3787:
3745:
3701:
3699:Health services
3659:
3657:
3628:
3626:
3601:
3599:
3570:
3568:
3539:
3537:
3508:
3506:
3477:
3475:
3450:
3448:
3419:
3417:
3388:
3386:
3357:
3355:
3330:
3328:
3299:
3297:
3268:
3266:
3237:
3235:
3212:Czech Republic
3206:
3204:
3179:
3177:
3148:
3146:
3123:United Kingdom
3117:
3115:
3086:
3084:
3055:
3053:
3028:
3026:
2998:
2996:
2967:
2965:
2936:
2934:
2905:
2903:
2874:
2872:
2843:
2841:
2812:
2810:
2781:
2779:
2750:
2748:
2719:
2717:
2688:
2686:
2657:
2655:
2626:
2624:
2595:
2593:
2552:
2546:
2519:
2517:
2494:
2492:
2475:United Kingdom
2469:
2467:
2444:
2442:
2419:
2417:
2394:
2392:
2369:
2367:
2344:
2342:
2319:
2317:
2294:
2292:
2269:
2267:
2244:
2242:
2219:
2217:
2194:
2192:
2126:
2120:
2103:quality of life
2099:
2097:Quality of life
2094:
2013:
1949:
1940:
1885:labor movements
1877:
1869:labour movement
1860:
1855:
1846:
1799:health services
1795:economic status
1767:food assistance
1759:Meals on Wheels
1748:
1746:Characteristics
1709:Social services
1702:
1662:
1650:
1643:
1642:
1525:
1517:
1516:
1319:North Macedonia
1063:
1053:
1052:
1051:
1050:
1041:Liberal parties
979:
971:
970:
761:
753:
752:
483:
473:
472:
457:
447:
446:
442:State of nature
430:Social services
420:Social contract
383:To own property
186:
178:
177:
62:
17:
12:
11:
5:
7159:
7149:
7148:
7143:
7138:
7133:
7131:Social justice
7128:
7123:
7118:
7113:
7108:
7103:
7086:
7085:
7083:
7082:
7070:
7058:
7046:
7033:
7030:
7029:
7027:
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7021:
7016:
7009:
7003:
7001:
6997:
6996:
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6987:
6985:
6981:
6980:
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6977:
6972:
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6950:
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6940:
6935:
6930:
6925:
6920:
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6918:
6913:
6908:
6900:
6899:
6898:
6896:social science
6893:
6888:
6883:
6878:
6870:
6865:
6860:
6855:
6850:
6845:
6840:
6835:
6830:
6828:Global studies
6825:
6823:Gender studies
6820:
6815:
6814:
6813:
6808:
6806:social science
6802:Environmental
6800:
6795:
6790:
6785:
6780:
6775:
6770:
6765:
6760:
6755:
6750:
6749:
6748:
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6712:
6707:
6702:
6692:
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6690:
6685:
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6659:
6658:
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6577:
6572:
6567:
6562:
6557:
6552:
6542:
6541:
6540:
6535:
6530:
6525:
6515:
6514:
6513:
6508:
6503:
6501:macroeconomics
6498:
6496:microeconomics
6488:
6487:
6486:
6481:
6476:
6471:
6460:
6458:
6454:
6453:
6451:
6450:
6445:
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6434:
6431:
6430:
6423:
6422:
6415:
6408:
6400:
6391:
6390:
6388:
6387:
6382:
6377:
6372:
6366:
6364:
6360:
6359:
6357:
6356:
6351:
6346:
6341:
6336:
6331:
6326:
6321:
6316:
6310:
6308:
6302:
6301:
6299:
6298:
6293:
6288:
6283:
6278:
6273:
6268:
6263:
6258:
6253:
6248:
6243:
6238:
6233:
6228:
6223:
6218:
6213:
6208:
6203:
6198:
6193:
6188:
6183:
6178:
6172:
6170:
6169:by nationality
6167:Social workers
6164:
6163:
6161:
6160:
6155:
6150:
6145:
6140:
6135:
6127:
6122:
6116:
6114:
6113:Qualifications
6110:
6109:
6107:
6106:
6104:Youth services
6101:
6096:
6094:Welfare worker
6091:
6086:
6081:
6076:
6071:
6066:
6061:
6056:
6051:
6046:
6040:
6038:
6034:
6033:
6030:
6029:
6027:
6026:
6021:
6016:
6014:Social actions
6011:
6009:Social justice
6006:
6001:
5996:
5991:
5986:
5981:
5976:
5971:
5966:
5961:
5956:
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5946:
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5893:
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5866:
5865:
5857:
5856:
5849:
5842:
5834:
5825:
5824:
5822:
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5816:
5814:Youth services
5811:
5806:
5804:Policy studies
5801:
5796:
5791:
5786:
5781:
5776:
5770:
5768:
5764:
5763:
5761:
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5755:
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5753:
5746:
5739:
5727:
5722:
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5712:
5707:
5702:
5701:
5700:
5693:
5690:Pharmaceutical
5681:
5676:
5671:
5666:
5665:
5664:
5657:
5654:Nuclear energy
5645:
5640:
5639:
5638:
5631:
5624:
5617:
5610:
5603:
5596:
5584:
5583:
5582:
5570:
5565:
5560:
5558:Climate change
5555:
5549:
5547:
5543:
5542:
5535:
5534:
5527:
5520:
5512:
5503:
5502:
5500:
5499:
5487:
5474:
5471:
5470:
5468:
5467:
5462:
5457:
5452:
5447:
5442:
5440:Public holiday
5437:
5432:
5427:
5421:
5419:
5415:
5414:
5412:
5411:
5409:Youth services
5406:
5405:
5404:
5399:
5397:Social pension
5389:
5388:
5387:
5377:
5372:
5367:
5365:Public housing
5362:
5356:
5354:
5348:
5347:
5345:
5344:
5339:
5334:
5329:
5324:
5319:
5314:
5309:
5307:Public library
5304:
5299:
5294:
5289:
5284:
5279:
5274:
5272:Infrastructure
5269:
5267:Free education
5264:
5259:
5253:
5251:
5245:
5244:
5242:
5241:
5236:
5231:
5226:
5225:
5224:
5214:
5209:
5203:
5201:
5199:Public utility
5195:
5194:
5192:
5191:
5186:
5181:
5176:
5175:
5174:
5172:Savings system
5167:Postal service
5164:
5159:
5154:
5148:
5146:
5145:Basic services
5142:
5141:
5139:
5138:
5133:
5128:
5123:
5118:
5113:
5108:
5103:
5098:
5093:
5088:
5083:
5078:
5073:
5068:
5063:
5061:Product sample
5058:
5056:Free newspaper
5053:
5048:
5042:
5040:
5036:
5035:
5033:
5032:
5027:
5022:
5016:
5013:
5012:
5005:
5004:
4997:
4990:
4982:
4976:
4975:
4967:
4966:External links
4964:
4962:
4961:
4927:
4903:
4879:
4868:www.unicef.org
4852:
4824:
4764:
4740:
4731:|journal=
4697:
4668:
4644:
4624:
4615:|journal=
4582:
4518:
4466:
4412:
4384:
4373:www.mhlw.go.jp
4360:
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3889:
3884:
3882:Human services
3879:
3874:
3869:
3864:
3859:
3853:
3851:
3848:
3822:
3819:
3791:single mothers
3786:
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3243:United States
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2574:
2571:
2568:
2548:Main article:
2545:
2542:
2539:
2538:
2535:
2532:
2529:
2526:
2514:
2513:
2510:
2507:
2504:
2501:
2500:United States
2489:
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2479:
2476:
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2457:
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2201:
2189:
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2179:
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2168:
2162:
2122:Main article:
2119:
2116:
2112:cost of living
2098:
2095:
2093:
2090:
2089:
2088:
2083:
2078:
2073:
2071:Youth Services
2068:
2063:
2058:
2053:
2051:Public housing
2048:
2045:
2040:
2038:Insurance laws
2035:
2030:
2025:
2022:
2019:
2012:
2009:
1989:Civil Servants
1984:superannuation
1948:
1945:
1939:
1936:
1876:
1873:
1859:
1856:
1854:
1851:
1845:
1842:
1841:
1840:
1833:
1818:
1787:cultural norms
1779:social welfare
1747:
1744:
1704:
1703:
1701:
1700:
1693:
1686:
1678:
1675:
1674:
1673:
1672:
1660:
1645:
1644:
1641:
1640:
1638:Utilitarianism
1635:
1630:
1625:
1624:
1623:
1618:
1611:Libertarianism
1608:
1606:Land value tax
1603:
1602:
1601:
1591:
1586:
1581:
1579:Egalitarianism
1576:
1571:
1570:
1569:
1559:
1558:
1557:
1547:
1542:
1537:
1535:Anti-communism
1532:
1526:
1524:Related topics
1523:
1522:
1519:
1518:
1515:
1514:
1509:
1504:
1499:
1498:
1497:
1492:
1491:
1490:
1480:
1478:Arizona School
1470:
1469:
1468:
1463:
1458:
1453:
1446:United Kingdom
1443:
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1433:
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1080:
1075:
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1064:
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1043:
1038:
1033:
1028:
1023:
1018:
1013:
1008:
1003:
998:
993:
988:
982:
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953:
948:
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645:
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635:
630:
625:
620:
615:
610:
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600:
595:
590:
585:
580:
575:
573:Wollstonecraft
570:
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560:
555:
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545:
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535:
530:
525:
520:
515:
510:
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500:
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471:
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458:
453:
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448:
445:
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432:
425:Social justice
422:
417:
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407:
402:
397:
392:
391:
390:
385:
380:
375:
365:
364:
363:
358:
348:
343:
338:
333:
328:
326:Market economy
323:
318:
317:
316:
311:
301:
294:
289:
287:Invisible hand
284:
279:
277:Harm principle
274:
273:
272:
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262:
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256:
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250:
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47:
46:
40:
39:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7158:
7147:
7144:
7142:
7139:
7137:
7134:
7132:
7129:
7127:
7124:
7122:
7119:
7117:
7116:Welfare state
7114:
7112:
7111:Progressivism
7109:
7107:
7106:Public policy
7104:
7102:
7099:
7098:
7096:
7081:
7080:
7075:
7071:
7069:
7064:
7059:
7057:
7056:
7047:
7045:
7044:
7035:
7034:
7031:
7025:
7022:
7020:
7019:Human science
7017:
7015:
7014:
7010:
7008:
7005:
7004:
7002:
6998:
6992:
6989:
6988:
6986:
6982:
6976:
6975:Vegan studies
6973:
6971:
6968:
6964:
6961:
6959:
6956:
6955:
6954:
6951:
6949:
6946:
6944:
6941:
6939:
6938:Public health
6936:
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6897:
6894:
6892:
6889:
6887:
6884:
6882:
6879:
6877:
6874:
6873:
6872:Philosophies
6871:
6869:
6868:Media studies
6866:
6864:
6861:
6859:
6856:
6854:
6851:
6849:
6846:
6844:
6843:Human ecology
6841:
6839:
6836:
6834:
6831:
6829:
6826:
6824:
6821:
6819:
6816:
6812:
6809:
6807:
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6803:
6801:
6799:
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6789:
6786:
6784:
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6776:
6774:
6771:
6769:
6766:
6764:
6761:
6759:
6756:
6754:
6753:Anthrozoology
6751:
6747:
6744:
6742:
6739:
6738:
6736:
6735:
6733:
6729:
6721:
6718:
6716:
6713:
6711:
6708:
6706:
6703:
6701:
6698:
6697:
6696:
6693:
6689:
6686:
6684:
6681:
6679:
6678:developmental
6676:
6674:
6671:
6669:
6666:
6665:
6664:
6661:
6657:
6654:
6652:
6651:public policy
6649:
6647:
6644:
6642:
6639:
6637:
6634:
6633:
6632:
6629:
6625:
6622:
6621:
6620:
6617:
6613:
6610:
6608:
6605:
6603:
6602:legal systems
6600:
6598:
6597:legal history
6595:
6593:
6592:jurisprudence
6590:
6589:
6588:
6585:
6581:
6578:
6576:
6573:
6571:
6568:
6566:
6563:
6561:
6558:
6556:
6553:
6551:
6548:
6547:
6546:
6543:
6539:
6536:
6534:
6531:
6529:
6526:
6524:
6521:
6520:
6519:
6516:
6512:
6509:
6507:
6504:
6502:
6499:
6497:
6494:
6493:
6492:
6489:
6485:
6482:
6480:
6477:
6475:
6472:
6470:
6467:
6466:
6465:
6462:
6461:
6459:
6455:
6449:
6446:
6444:
6441:
6439:
6436:
6435:
6432:
6428:
6421:
6416:
6414:
6409:
6407:
6402:
6401:
6398:
6386:
6385:Joyce Lishman
6383:
6381:
6380:Harry Hopkins
6378:
6376:
6373:
6371:
6368:
6367:
6365:
6361:
6355:
6352:
6350:
6347:
6345:
6342:
6340:
6337:
6335:
6332:
6330:
6327:
6325:
6322:
6320:
6317:
6315:
6312:
6311:
6309:
6303:
6297:
6294:
6292:
6289:
6287:
6284:
6282:
6279:
6277:
6274:
6272:
6269:
6267:
6264:
6262:
6259:
6257:
6254:
6252:
6249:
6247:
6244:
6242:
6239:
6237:
6234:
6232:
6229:
6227:
6224:
6222:
6219:
6217:
6214:
6212:
6209:
6207:
6204:
6202:
6199:
6197:
6194:
6192:
6189:
6187:
6184:
6182:
6179:
6177:
6174:
6173:
6171:
6165:
6159:
6156:
6154:
6151:
6149:
6146:
6144:
6141:
6139:
6136:
6134:(Scandinavia)
6133:
6132:
6128:
6126:
6123:
6121:
6118:
6117:
6115:
6111:
6105:
6102:
6100:
6097:
6095:
6092:
6090:
6087:
6085:
6082:
6080:
6077:
6075:
6072:
6070:
6067:
6065:
6062:
6060:
6057:
6055:
6052:
6050:
6047:
6045:
6042:
6041:
6039:
6035:
6025:
6022:
6020:
6017:
6015:
6012:
6010:
6007:
6005:
6002:
6000:
5997:
5995:
5992:
5990:
5987:
5985:
5982:
5980:
5977:
5975:
5972:
5970:
5969:Psychometrics
5967:
5965:
5962:
5960:
5957:
5955:
5952:
5950:
5947:
5945:
5942:
5940:
5937:
5935:
5932:
5930:
5927:
5925:
5922:
5920:
5917:
5915:
5912:
5910:
5907:
5905:
5902:
5900:
5897:
5896:
5894:
5890:
5884:
5881:
5880:
5878:
5874:
5871:
5867:
5862:
5855:
5850:
5848:
5843:
5841:
5836:
5835:
5832:
5820:
5817:
5815:
5812:
5810:
5807:
5805:
5802:
5800:
5797:
5795:
5792:
5790:
5787:
5785:
5782:
5780:
5777:
5775:
5772:
5771:
5769:
5765:
5759:
5756:
5751:
5747:
5744:
5740:
5737:
5733:
5732:
5731:
5728:
5726:
5723:
5721:
5718:
5716:
5713:
5711:
5708:
5706:
5703:
5698:
5694:
5691:
5687:
5686:
5685:
5682:
5680:
5677:
5675:
5672:
5670:
5669:Environmental
5667:
5662:
5658:
5655:
5651:
5650:
5649:
5646:
5644:
5641:
5636:
5632:
5629:
5625:
5622:
5618:
5615:
5611:
5608:
5604:
5601:
5597:
5594:
5590:
5589:
5588:
5585:
5580:
5576:
5575:
5574:
5571:
5569:
5566:
5564:
5561:
5559:
5556:
5554:
5551:
5550:
5548:
5544:
5540:
5539:Public policy
5533:
5528:
5526:
5521:
5519:
5514:
5513:
5510:
5498:
5497:
5488:
5486:
5485:
5476:
5475:
5472:
5466:
5463:
5461:
5458:
5456:
5453:
5451:
5450:Public sector
5448:
5446:
5443:
5441:
5438:
5436:
5433:
5431:
5428:
5426:
5423:
5422:
5420:
5416:
5410:
5407:
5403:
5400:
5398:
5395:
5394:
5393:
5390:
5386:
5383:
5382:
5381:
5378:
5376:
5375:Job guarantee
5373:
5371:
5368:
5366:
5363:
5361:
5358:
5357:
5355:
5353:
5349:
5343:
5340:
5338:
5335:
5333:
5330:
5328:
5327:Public toilet
5325:
5323:
5320:
5318:
5317:Public school
5315:
5313:
5310:
5308:
5305:
5303:
5300:
5298:
5295:
5293:
5290:
5288:
5285:
5283:
5280:
5278:
5275:
5273:
5270:
5268:
5265:
5263:
5260:
5258:
5255:
5254:
5252:
5250:
5246:
5240:
5237:
5235:
5232:
5230:
5227:
5223:
5220:
5219:
5218:
5215:
5213:
5212:Oil & gas
5210:
5208:
5205:
5204:
5202:
5200:
5196:
5190:
5187:
5185:
5182:
5180:
5177:
5173:
5170:
5169:
5168:
5165:
5163:
5160:
5158:
5155:
5153:
5152:Civil service
5150:
5149:
5147:
5143:
5137:
5134:
5132:
5129:
5127:
5124:
5122:
5119:
5117:
5114:
5112:
5111:Public rights
5109:
5107:
5106:Public policy
5104:
5102:
5099:
5097:
5094:
5092:
5089:
5087:
5086:Public health
5084:
5082:
5079:
5077:
5076:Public domain
5074:
5072:
5069:
5067:
5064:
5062:
5059:
5057:
5054:
5052:
5049:
5047:
5044:
5043:
5041:
5037:
5031:
5028:
5026:
5023:
5021:
5018:
5017:
5014:
5010:
5003:
4998:
4996:
4991:
4989:
4984:
4983:
4980:
4973:
4970:
4969:
4950:
4946:
4940:
4938:
4936:
4934:
4932:
4917:
4913:
4907:
4893:
4889:
4883:
4869:
4865:
4859:
4857:
4842:
4838:
4831:
4829:
4820:
4816:
4811:
4806:
4802:
4798:
4794:
4790:
4786:
4779:
4777:
4775:
4773:
4771:
4769:
4761:
4757:
4753:
4749:
4744:
4736:
4723:
4712:
4706:
4704:
4702:
4687:
4683:
4677:
4675:
4673:
4665:
4661:
4657:
4653:
4648:
4634:
4628:
4620:
4607:
4593:
4586:
4578:
4574:
4569:
4564:
4560:
4556:
4551:
4546:
4542:
4538:
4534:
4527:
4525:
4523:
4514:
4510:
4506:
4502:
4498:
4494:
4490:
4486:
4482:
4475:
4473:
4471:
4462:
4458:
4453:
4448:
4444:
4440:
4436:
4432:
4431:Social Forces
4428:
4421:
4419:
4417:
4408:
4404:
4397:
4395:
4393:
4391:
4389:
4374:
4370:
4364:
4356:
4352:
4348:
4344:
4340:
4336:
4332:
4328:
4324:
4317:
4315:
4313:
4311:
4296:
4292:
4286:
4284:
4282:
4280:
4271:
4269:9781351304924
4265:
4261:
4257:
4253:
4252:
4244:
4242:
4240:
4238:
4236:
4227:
4223:
4219:
4213:
4210:. ROUTLEDGE.
4209:
4208:
4200:
4198:
4182:
4175:
4173:
4164:
4160:
4156:
4152:
4145:
4143:
4141:
4139:
4137:
4135:
4133:
4131:
4129:
4127:
4125:
4123:
4121:
4119:
4117:
4115:
4100:
4096:
4090:
4088:
4086:
4084:
4082:
4068:
4062:
4058:
4054:
4050:
4046:
4039:
4037:
4035:
4033:
4031:
4029:
4027:
4025:
4023:
4021:
4007:
4001:
3997:
3993:
3989:
3985:
3978:
3976:
3974:
3959:
3955:
3949:
3947:
3945:
3943:
3941:
3939:
3937:
3935:
3933:
3931:
3929:
3927:
3925:
3923:
3918:
3908:
3905:
3903:
3900:
3898:
3895:
3893:
3890:
3888:
3885:
3883:
3880:
3878:
3875:
3873:
3870:
3868:
3865:
3863:
3860:
3858:
3855:
3854:
3847:
3844:
3839:
3835:
3831:
3828:
3815:
3810:
3806:
3804:
3800:
3796:
3792:
3782:
3780:
3775:
3766:
3762:
3758:
3754:
3749:
3740:
3737:
3733:
3729:
3725:
3721:
3713:
3709:
3705:
3689:
3684:
3676:
3674:
3672:
3670:
3667:
3656:
3652:
3648:
3645:
3642:
3639:
3636:
3625:
3621:
3618:
3616:
3614:
3612:
3609:
3598:
3594:
3590:
3587:
3584:
3581:
3578:
3567:
3563:
3559:
3556:
3553:
3550:
3547:
3536:
3532:
3528:
3525:
3522:
3519:
3516:
3505:
3501:
3497:
3494:
3491:
3488:
3485:
3474:
3470:
3467:
3465:
3463:
3461:
3458:
3447:
3443:
3439:
3436:
3433:
3430:
3427:
3416:
3412:
3408:
3405:
3402:
3399:
3396:
3385:
3381:
3377:
3374:
3371:
3368:
3365:
3354:
3350:
3347:
3345:
3343:
3341:
3338:
3327:
3323:
3319:
3316:
3313:
3310:
3307:
3296:
3292:
3288:
3285:
3282:
3279:
3276:
3265:
3261:
3257:
3254:
3251:
3248:
3245:
3234:
3230:
3226:
3223:
3220:
3217:
3214:
3203:
3199:
3196:
3194:
3192:
3190:
3187:
3176:
3172:
3168:
3165:
3162:
3159:
3156:
3145:
3141:
3137:
3134:
3131:
3128:
3125:
3114:
3110:
3106:
3103:
3100:
3097:
3094:
3083:
3079:
3075:
3072:
3069:
3066:
3063:
3052:
3048:
3045:
3043:
3041:
3039:
3036:
3025:
3021:
3017:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3004:South Africa
2995:
2991:
2987:
2984:
2981:
2978:
2975:
2964:
2960:
2956:
2953:
2950:
2947:
2944:
2933:
2929:
2925:
2922:
2919:
2916:
2913:
2902:
2898:
2894:
2891:
2888:
2885:
2882:
2871:
2867:
2863:
2860:
2857:
2854:
2851:
2840:
2836:
2832:
2829:
2826:
2823:
2820:
2809:
2805:
2801:
2798:
2795:
2792:
2789:
2778:
2774:
2770:
2767:
2764:
2761:
2758:
2747:
2743:
2739:
2736:
2733:
2730:
2727:
2716:
2712:
2708:
2705:
2702:
2699:
2696:
2685:
2681:
2677:
2674:
2671:
2668:
2665:
2654:
2650:
2646:
2643:
2640:
2637:
2634:
2623:
2619:
2615:
2612:
2609:
2606:
2603:
2592:
2588:
2565:
2559:
2557:
2551:
2536:
2533:
2530:
2527:
2515:
2511:
2508:
2505:
2502:
2490:
2486:
2483:
2480:
2477:
2465:
2461:
2458:
2455:
2452:
2440:
2436:
2433:
2430:
2427:
2415:
2411:
2408:
2405:
2402:
2390:
2386:
2383:
2380:
2377:
2365:
2361:
2358:
2355:
2352:
2340:
2336:
2333:
2330:
2327:
2315:
2311:
2308:
2305:
2302:
2290:
2286:
2283:
2280:
2277:
2265:
2261:
2258:
2255:
2252:
2240:
2236:
2233:
2230:
2227:
2215:
2211:
2208:
2205:
2202:
2190:
2187:Post-welfare
2181:Post-welfare
2176:
2173:
2167:
2159:
2149:
2141:
2137:
2133:
2131:
2125:
2115:
2113:
2108:
2104:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2074:
2072:
2069:
2067:
2064:
2062:
2059:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2049:
2046:
2044:
2041:
2039:
2036:
2034:
2033:Fire Services
2031:
2029:
2026:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2014:
2008:
2006:
2001:
1998:
1994:
1990:
1985:
1981:
1977:
1973:
1969:
1965:
1958:
1953:
1944:
1932:
1927:
1923:
1920:
1916:
1913:and provided
1912:
1908:
1907:working hours
1903:
1899:
1895:
1886:
1881:
1872:
1870:
1866:
1850:
1838:
1834:
1831:
1827:
1823:
1822:Mediterranean
1819:
1816:
1812:
1811:
1810:
1808:
1804:
1800:
1796:
1792:
1788:
1784:
1780:
1772:
1768:
1764:
1760:
1756:
1752:
1743:
1741:
1740:fire services
1737:
1733:
1729:
1725:
1720:
1718:
1717:welfare state
1714:
1713:disadvantaged
1710:
1699:
1694:
1692:
1687:
1685:
1680:
1679:
1677:
1676:
1671:
1666:
1661:
1659:
1654:
1649:
1648:
1647:
1646:
1639:
1636:
1634:
1631:
1629:
1626:
1622:
1619:
1617:
1614:
1613:
1612:
1609:
1607:
1604:
1600:
1597:
1596:
1595:
1594:Individualism
1592:
1590:
1587:
1585:
1582:
1580:
1577:
1575:
1572:
1568:
1565:
1564:
1563:
1560:
1556:
1553:
1552:
1551:
1548:
1546:
1543:
1541:
1538:
1536:
1533:
1531:
1528:
1527:
1521:
1520:
1513:
1510:
1508:
1505:
1503:
1500:
1496:
1493:
1489:
1486:
1485:
1484:
1481:
1479:
1476:
1475:
1474:
1473:United States
1471:
1467:
1464:
1462:
1459:
1457:
1454:
1452:
1449:
1448:
1447:
1444:
1442:
1439:
1437:
1434:
1432:
1429:
1427:
1424:
1422:
1419:
1417:
1414:
1412:
1409:
1407:
1404:
1402:
1399:
1397:
1394:
1392:
1389:
1387:
1384:
1382:
1379:
1377:
1374:
1372:
1369:
1367:
1364:
1362:
1359:
1355:
1352:
1351:
1350:
1347:
1345:
1342:
1340:
1337:
1335:
1332:
1330:
1327:
1325:
1322:
1320:
1317:
1315:
1312:
1310:
1307:
1305:
1302:
1300:
1297:
1295:
1292:
1290:
1287:
1285:
1282:
1280:
1277:
1275:
1272:
1270:
1267:
1265:
1262:
1258:
1255:
1254:
1253:
1250:
1248:
1245:
1243:
1240:
1238:
1235:
1233:
1230:
1228:
1225:
1223:
1220:
1216:
1213:
1212:
1211:
1208:
1206:
1203:
1201:
1198:
1196:
1193:
1191:
1188:
1186:
1183:
1181:
1178:
1176:
1173:
1171:
1168:
1166:
1163:
1161:
1158:
1156:
1153:
1151:
1148:
1146:
1143:
1141:
1138:
1134:
1131:
1130:
1129:
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1073:Latin America
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978:Organizations
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435:Welfare state
433:
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298:Laissez-faire
295:
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42:
41:
37:
33:
32:
26:
21:
7077:
7053:
7041:
7011:
6818:Food studies
6758:Area studies
6511:mathematical
6506:econometrics
6464:Anthropology
6307:associations
6305:Professional
6129:
5767:Other topics
5553:Agricultural
5494:
5482:
5435:Public float
5370:Job creation
5351:
5322:Public space
5249:Public works
5126:Public value
5121:Public trust
4953:. Retrieved
4951:. 2020-06-11
4948:
4919:. Retrieved
4915:
4906:
4895:. Retrieved
4891:
4882:
4871:. Retrieved
4867:
4844:. Retrieved
4840:
4792:
4788:
4743:
4722:cite journal
4689:. Retrieved
4685:
4647:
4636:. Retrieved
4627:
4606:cite journal
4595:. Retrieved
4585:
4540:
4536:
4488:
4484:
4452:10419/160860
4434:
4430:
4406:
4402:
4376:. Retrieved
4372:
4363:
4330:
4326:
4298:. Retrieved
4294:
4250:
4206:
4184:. Retrieved
4154:
4102:. Retrieved
4098:
4070:, retrieved
4048:
4009:, retrieved
3987:
3961:. Retrieved
3957:
3824:
3799:gender norms
3788:
3770:
3717:
3634:South Korea
3514:Switzerland
3512:
3394:Netherlands
3185:New Zealand
2553:
2350:Switzerland
2348:
2250:Netherlands
2184:Pre-welfare
2178:Pre-welfare
2172:(1970–1997)
2171:
2165:
2134:
2127:
2100:
2002:
1964:World War II
1961:
1941:
1931:child labour
1890:
1861:
1847:
1837:means-tested
1828:such as the
1815:universalism
1807:foster homes
1776:
1763:organisation
1721:
1708:
1707:
1628:Pirate Party
1488:Jeffersonian
1396:South Africa
886:Lloyd George
481:Philosophers
429:
388:To bear arms
336:Open society
296:
72:Conservative
7121:Social work
7079:Wikiversity
6970:Social work
6858:Linguistics
6783:Criminology
6700:criminology
6683:personality
6641:comparative
6619:Linguistics
6612:private law
6469:archaeology
6375:Amartya Sen
6370:Jane Addams
6363:Biographies
6266:New Zealand
6196:Bangladeshi
5929:Gerontology
5883:Social work
5861:Social work
5710:Immigration
5697:Vaccination
5287:Public bank
5262:Free clinic
5096:Public land
5046:Common good
4686:www.who.int
4186:15 February
4151:"East Asia"
2973:Luxembourg
2028:Labour Laws
1909:, provided
1894:Factory Act
1456:Gladstonian
1416:Switzerland
1401:South Korea
1344:Philippines
1304:New Zealand
1299:Netherlands
956:Verhofstadt
951:Balcerowicz
760:Politicians
688:Collingwood
628:Tocqueville
503:Montesquieu
395:Rule of law
196:Due process
7141:Liberalism
7095:Categories
7024:Humanities
6958:historical
6891:psychology
6863:Management
6705:demography
6663:Psychology
6646:philosophy
6607:public law
6538:integrated
6246:Indonesian
6191:Australian
5944:Management
5939:Leadership
5809:Regulation
5750:Technology
5614:Investment
5607:Industrial
5460:Public use
5342:Urban park
5282:Public art
5071:Public bad
4955:2021-06-02
4949:www.un.org
4921:2021-06-02
4897:2021-06-02
4873:2021-06-02
4846:2021-06-02
4691:2021-06-02
4638:2020-11-13
4597:2020-11-13
4378:2021-06-02
4333:: 77–107.
4300:2021-06-01
4226:1124357973
4104:2021-06-01
4072:2021-06-01
4011:2021-06-02
3963:2021-06-01
3914:References
3456:Lithuania
3305:Australia
2450:Australia
2043:Food banks
2017:Healthcare
1997:Kuomintang
1865:Protestant
1844:Recipients
1755:Volunteers
1738:, police,
1732:food banks
1584:Empiricism
1555:Democratic
1550:Capitalism
1461:Manchester
1294:Montenegro
1279:Luxembourg
1215:Venizelism
1145:Costa Rica
400:Secularism
233:Federalism
185:Principles
44:Liberalism
6902:Planning
6881:economics
6798:Education
6695:Sociology
6673:cognitive
6624:semiotics
6575:political
6533:technical
6518:Geography
6491:Economics
6276:Pakistani
6271:Norwegian
6236:Hong Kong
6181:Argentine
5892:Secondary
5736:Stem cell
5715:Knowledge
5643:Education
4841:Brookings
4801:2162-8254
4752:Max Roser
4559:2397-0642
4543:(1): 15.
4505:0003-1224
4491:(1): 22.
4461:0037-7732
4355:143805293
4347:0067-2378
3363:Slovakia
3061:Slovenia
2942:Portugal
2066:Legal aid
2056:Aged Care
2021:Education
1830:Red Cross
1599:Anarchist
1507:Venezuela
1483:Classical
1451:Cobdenism
1354:Cracovian
1309:Nicaragua
1274:Lithuania
1133:Hong Kong
1088:Australia
926:Roosevelt
896:Ståhlberg
891:Venizelos
846:Sarmiento
836:Gladstone
796:Lamartine
766:Jefferson
618:Martineau
568:De Gouges
553:Condorcet
538:Priestley
201:Democracy
173:Third Way
134:Christian
129:Religious
67:Classical
7043:Category
6911:regional
6906:land use
6741:business
6710:internet
6668:abnormal
6570:military
6560:economic
6550:cultural
6523:physical
6484:physical
6474:cultural
6261:Nepalese
6256:Japanese
6231:Guyanese
6211:Canadian
6186:Austrian
6176:American
6131:Socionom
5869:Concepts
5725:Military
5720:Language
5621:Monetary
5587:Economic
5568:Domestic
5563:Cultural
5484:Category
5418:See also
5039:Concepts
4819:30083416
4795:(4): 4.
4577:29202083
3850:See also
3830:pandemic
3827:COVID-19
3743:Children
3576:Ireland
3545:Iceland
3274:Estonia
3154:Hungary
2818:Germany
2756:Austria
2694:Denmark
2663:Finland
2632:Belgium
2570:Country
2425:Belgium
2325:Germany
2300:Denmark
2275:Finland
2161:Country
1902:13 to 18
1771:homeless
1589:Humanism
1562:Centrism
1512:Zimbabwe
1466:Whiggism
1426:Thailand
1391:Slovenia
1386:Slovakia
1361:Portugal
1334:Paraguay
1257:Liberism
1222:Honduras
1140:Colombia
1113:Bulgaria
906:Rathenau
881:Milyukov
801:Macaulay
771:Kołłątaj
743:Kymlicka
723:Friedman
668:Cassirer
658:Hobhouse
593:Constant
588:Humboldt
548:Beccaria
513:Rousseau
508:Voltaire
351:Property
314:Positive
309:Negative
265:Religion
243:Economic
216:Equality
139:Catholic
109:National
104:Muscular
82:Feminist
77:Cultural
36:a series
34:Part of
7055:Commons
6886:history
6876:science
6811:studies
6545:History
6457:Primary
6443:History
6438:Outline
6296:Ugandan
6286:Swedish
6251:Israeli
6206:British
6201:Belgian
5876:Primary
5730:Science
5705:Housing
5679:Foreign
5600:Incomes
5496:Commons
5425:Commons
4810:6075810
4568:5683608
4513:3088901
3607:Turkey
3483:Israel
3425:Latvia
3336:Canada
3092:Poland
2911:Greece
2849:Norway
2787:Sweden
2601:France
2400:France
2375:Canada
2225:Norway
2200:Sweden
2118:Poverty
2092:Impacts
1853:History
1502:Uruguay
1441:Ukraine
1431:Tunisia
1376:Senegal
1366:Romania
1314:Nigeria
1289:Moldova
1232:Iceland
1227:Hungary
1205:Germany
1200:Georgia
1190:Finland
1185:Estonia
1175:Ecuador
1170:Denmark
1165:Czechia
1150:Croatia
1103:Bolivia
1098:Belgium
1093:Austria
1083:Armenia
1078:Albania
946:Jenkins
941:Kennedy
931:Pearson
916:Einaudi
901:Gokhale
861:Itagaki
856:Naoroji
851:Mommsen
831:Lincoln
821:Mazzini
806:Kossuth
791:Broglie
786:Bolívar
781:Artigas
776:Madison
638:Spencer
623:Emerson
613:Bastiat
598:Ricardo
558:Bentham
498:Spinoza
455:History
356:Private
304:Liberty
238:Freedom
158:Secular
146:Islamic
124:Radical
61:Schools
6746:public
6688:social
6580:social
6479:social
6281:Polish
6241:Indian
6226:German
6221:French
5758:Social
5684:Health
5648:Energy
5593:Fiscal
5579:reform
5546:Fields
4817:
4807:
4799:
4654:Data.
4575:
4565:
4557:
4511:
4503:
4459:
4353:
4345:
4266:
4224:
4214:
4179:OECD.
4063:
4002:
3795:UNICEF
3665:Chile
3663:
3632:
3605:
3574:
3543:
3481:
3454:
3423:
3392:
3361:
3334:
3303:
3272:
3241:
3210:
3183:
3152:
3121:
3090:
3059:
3034:Japan
3032:
3002:
2971:
2940:
2909:
2880:Spain
2878:
2847:
2816:
2785:
2754:
2725:Italy
2723:
2692:
2661:
2630:
2599:
2525:Italy
2523:
2498:
2473:
2448:
2423:
2398:
2373:
2323:
2298:
2273:
2248:
2223:
2198:
2024:Police
1495:Modern
1436:Turkey
1421:Taiwan
1411:Sweden
1381:Serbia
1371:Russia
1349:Poland
1329:Panama
1324:Norway
1284:Mexico
1269:Latvia
1247:Israel
1210:Greece
1195:France
1160:Cyprus
1118:Canada
1108:Brazil
1068:Europe
966:Macron
911:Madero
876:Deakin
866:Levski
841:Cavour
826:Juárez
816:Cobden
748:Badawi
738:Nozick
718:Berlin
708:Popper
683:Keynes
678:Ortega
643:Arnold
603:Guizot
563:Korais
528:Turgot
488:Milton
368:Rights
361:Public
270:Speech
248:Market
221:Gender
168:Techno
163:Social
151:Jewish
87:Equity
6916:urban
6720:urban
6715:rural
6565:human
6528:human
6448:Index
6216:Dutch
5743:Space
5635:Trade
4714:(PDF)
4509:JSTOR
4351:S2CID
3785:Women
3668:10.9
3640:10.4
3637:11.1
3610:12.5
3591:12.6
3588:14.9
3585:22.4
3582:16.1
3579:14.4
3560:14.6
3557:15.9
3554:17.0
3551:15.2
3548:16.0
3529:16.3
3526:18.4
3523:18.4
3520:19.7
3517:16.0
3498:17.0
3495:16.3
3492:16.0
3489:16.1
3486:16.0
3459:16.2
3440:14.8
3437:12.2
3434:18.7
3431:14.5
3428:16.2
3409:18.4
3406:20.5
3403:22.1
3400:22.0
3397:16.7
3378:17.6
3375:15.8
3372:18.1
3369:18.6
3366:17.0
3339:17.3
3320:18.2
3317:16.7
3314:16.7
3311:19.1
3308:17.8
3289:13.8
3286:13.0
3283:18.3
3280:17.4
3277:18.4
3258:14.3
3255:15.6
3252:19.3
3249:19.3
3246:18.7
3227:18.0
3224:18.1
3221:19.8
3218:19.4
3215:18.7
3188:18.9
3169:20.1
3166:21.9
3163:23.0
3160:20.6
3157:19.4
3138:17.7
3135:19.4
3132:22.8
3129:21.5
3126:20.6
3107:20.2
3104:20.9
3101:20.6
3098:20.2
3095:21.1
3076:22.4
3073:21.4
3070:23.4
3067:22.8
3064:21.2
3037:21.9
3018:19.4
3015:20.0
3012:20.7
2988:18.6
2985:22.4
2982:22.9
2979:21.8
2976:22.4
2957:18.5
2954:22.3
2951:24.5
2948:24.1
2945:22.6
2926:18.4
2923:20.4
2920:23.8
2917:27.0
2914:23.5
2895:19.5
2892:20.4
2889:25.8
2886:24.6
2883:23.7
2864:20.4
2861:20.7
2858:21.9
2855:25.1
2852:25.0
2833:25.4
2830:26.3
2827:25.9
2824:25.3
2821:25.1
2802:26.8
2799:27.4
2796:26.3
2793:27.1
2790:26.1
2771:25.5
2768:25.9
2765:27.6
2762:27.8
2759:26.6
2740:22.6
2737:24.1
2734:27.6
2731:28.9
2728:15.9
2709:23.8
2706:25.2
2703:28.9
2700:28.7
2697:28.0
2678:22.6
2675:23.9
2672:27.4
2669:30.8
2666:28.7
2647:23.5
2644:25.3
2641:28.3
2638:29.0
2635:28.9
2616:27.5
2613:28.7
2610:30.7
2607:31.5
2604:31.2
2585:2000
2582:2005
2579:2010
2576:2016
2573:2019
2567:Rank
2534:19.7
2531:14.3
2528:30.7
2512:15.1
2509:17.2
2506:11.7
2503:21.0
2484:16.4
2478:16.8
2459:16.2
2456:11.9
2453:23.3
2434:19.5
2428:26.8
2409:21.8
2403:36.1
2387:11.9
2384:17.1
2378:22.5
2359:10.9
2353:12.5
2328:15.2
2309:17.4
2303:26.4
2284:12.4
2278:11.9
2262:11.5
2259:18.5
2253:22.1
2234:12.4
2209:14.8
2203:23.7
2011:Types
1621:Right
1406:Spain
1264:Japan
1252:Italy
1237:India
1180:Egypt
1128:China
1123:Chile
961:Obama
936:Ohlin
871:Kemal
728:Rawls
703:Hayek
693:Čapek
673:Mises
663:Croce
653:Weber
648:Acton
578:Staël
543:Paine
533:Burke
518:Smith
493:Locke
260:Press
253:Trade
226:Legal
94:Green
6984:List
5674:Food
5573:Drug
4815:PMID
4797:ISSN
4760:here
4735:help
4652:OECD
4619:help
4573:PMID
4555:ISSN
4501:ISSN
4457:ISSN
4343:ISSN
4264:ISBN
4222:OCLC
4212:ISBN
4188:2020
4061:ISBN
4000:ISBN
3736:OECD
3649:4.5
3646:6.1
3643:8.3
2537:9.1
2487:8.2
2481:8.7
2462:9.2
2437:4.1
2431:6.0
2412:6.1
2406:9.8
2381:6.5
2362:9.1
2356:3.8
2337:5.1
2334:9.7
2331:4.3
2312:4.8
2306:5.9
2287:3.1
2281:3.7
2256:7.3
2237:4.0
2231:1.7
2228:9.2
2212:4.8
2206:5.8
2107:OECD
1991:and
1835:The
1826:NGOs
1793:and
1616:Left
1339:Peru
1242:Iran
1155:Cuba
921:King
811:Deák
713:Aron
633:Mill
608:List
523:Kant
119:Ordo
6587:Law
5628:Tax
4805:PMC
4754:at
4660:doi
4563:PMC
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