History of the socialist movement in the United Kingdom

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and the USA", and that it would be "almost as potent in its symbolism as the unravelling of the Soviet Union at the start of the 1990s". Representatives of the party have also claimed that while the break-up of the United Kingdom would not result in "instant socialism", it would cause "a decisive shift in the balance of ideological and class forces".

4491:, after talks of forming a coalition agreement with the Liberal Democrats failed. During their thirteen years in government, Labour made few changes to the trade union reforms passed by the previous Conservative governments, and the only nationalisation which took place during that time were of several leading banks facing collapse in the 4969: 3001:, the transition from a farming economy to an industrial one, began in the UK over thirty years before the rest of the world. Textile mills and coal mines sprang up across the whole country and peasants left the fields to work down the mines, or into the "Dark, Satanic Mills", the chimneys of which blackened the sky over 4601:

to "outline a practical vision of how social and economic justice can be achieved within the union". Other left-wing sections refused to support a nationalist position, instead arguing either for working-class unity or a critical approach to both sides. Campaigns such as Socialism First and the Red

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campaign organisation. The party's support for Scottish independence is rooted in a belief that "the tearing of the blue out of the Union Jack and the dismantling of the 300-year-old British state would a traumatic psychological blow for the forces of capitalism and conservatism in Britain, Europe

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economic fiasco a few months after the 1992 general election, and the increased lead of the polls under Blair's leadership remained strong in spite of the revolt, and the fact that the economy was growing again and unemployment was falling under Major's Conservative government. Labour's popularity

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in Scotland, is often credited as being the birth of British Socialism. He stopped employing children under the age of ten, and instead arranged for their education, and improved the working and living conditions of all his workers. He also lobbied Parliament over child labour and helped to create

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Many members of the party were unhappy with the proposed changes and several unions considered using their block vote to kill the motion, but in the end their leaderships backed down and settled for a new clause declaring the Labour Party a "democratic socialist party", broadening the party's

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Miliband's election as Leader of the Labour Party on the back of trade union member votes had been seen by some as a return to the left following the New Labour years (1994-2010). Miliband was nicknamed "Red Ed" by some (predominantly right-wing) media. After assuming office as Leader of the

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having much greater influence. Some non-Marxists theorise that this was because Britain was amongst the most democratic countries of Europe of the period, the ballot box provided an instrument for change, so a parliamentary, reformist socialism seemed a more promising route than elsewhere.

4297:) and the Tories' "Tax Bombshell" advertising campaign, which highlighted the increased taxes that a Labour government would impose. This general election defeat was shortly followed by Kinnock's resignation after nearly a decade as leader. And, as had happened in the aftermath of the 3139:. Its membership mainly consisted of Chartists (see below). The group became dormant after only six years, but there was a considerable revival of Christian socialism in the 1880s, and a number of groups sprang up. Ultimately, Christian socialists dominated the leadership of the 3778:

was viewed by many socialists as a contest against the rise of fascism which it was vital to win. Many CPGB and Independent Labour Party members went to fight for the Republic and with the Stalinist led International Brigades and the Workers' Party of Marxist Unification

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executive members, including Bob Crow, form the core of the steering committee. The coalition includes the Socialist Workers Party, which will also stand candidates under its banner, RESPECT and other trade unionists and socialist groups. This followed the

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described as "the longest suicide note in history". Labour suffered their worst election defeat since 1918 with eight and a half million votes, over three million votes down on the previous general election. Many former Labour voters had voted for the

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was elected leader following Smith's sudden death from a heart attack in May 1994. He immediately decided to revamp Clause IV, dropping Labour's commitment to public ownership of key industries and utilities, along with other socialist policies.

4627:, a pressure group of Labour members who back Scottish independence. The appeal of independence is attributed by the group's leader to a feeling of being "let down and betrayed by a party who no longer represent them or the people of Scotland". 3589:. The Labour Party, like almost all the Socialist International, enthusiastically supported their country's leadership in the war, as did the leadership of the British Socialist Party. This split the BSP, and a new anti-war leadership emerging. 4592:

covering Edinburgh, Lothians, Fife, Falkirk, and Stirling voted to back a motion describing independence as "the only way forward for workers in Scotland", and agreeing to "do all in our power to secure outcome". Additionally, the

3128:, played a large role in the development of trade unions and of British socialism. The influence of the radical chapels was strongly felt among some industrial workers, especially miners and those in the north of England and Wales. 3823:, they again supported the war, joined the non-contest pact, and did all in their power to prevent strikes. But strikes did occur, and they were supported by the anti-war Independent Labour Party and the newly formed Trotskyist 3159:

of the 1830s and 1840s was the first mass revolutionary movement of the British working-class. Mass meetings and demonstrations involving millions of proletariat and petty-bourgeois were held throughout the country for years.

4418:. Galloway strongly opposed the 2003 invasion of Iraq while King strongly supported it. The association with the Socialist Workers Party (SWP) ended in 2007. Galloway did not seek re-election for Bethnal Green and Bow at the 4289:, but possibly a small Labour majority – the party's lead on the opinion polls had shrunk and some polls had even seen the Tories creep ahead in spite of the deepening recession. In the event, the Conservatives led by 3529:

The campaign for women's suffrage in Britain began in the mid-nineteenth century, with many early campaigners including Eleanor Marx being socialists, but many established socialists, including Robert Blatchford and

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In 1900, representatives of various trade unions and of the Independent Labour Party, Fabian Society and Social Democratic Federation agreed to form a Labour Party backed by the unions and with its own whips. The

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Several minor socialist parties merged in 2003 to form the Alliance for Green Socialism which is a socialist party that campaigns on a wide variety of policies including; economic, environmental and social.

4105:, and had a presence in many Constituency Labour Parties. The Labour NEC began to expel Militant members, beginning with their newspaper's "editorial board", in effect their Central Committee. A revival in 3294:, which was founded in 1865 to press for universal male suffrage and vote by secret ballot, qualified its demand for suffrage with the phrase "registered and residential" shortly before the passing of the 3305:

However, a great deal of collaboration came to exist between the Liberal Party and the leaders of the labour movement, though Marx saw these as effective bribes by the bourgeoisie and the government. The

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total of those who can vote now stands at 550,816 ... The total still eligible to vote are now 292,505 full paid-up members, 147,134 supporters affiliated through the unions and 110,827 who've paid a £3

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gaining the official backing of the RMT. The RMT declined to officially back the new TUSC coalition, but granted their branches the right to stand and fund local candidates as part of the coalition.

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The early twentieth century saw a number of socialist groups and movements in Britain. As well as the Independent Labour Party and the Social Democratic Federation, there was a mass movement around

7900: 7866: 3410: 4070:, long associated with the left-wing of the Labour Party, became the new leader. By that point in time, the Labour Party was factionalised between the right, including Healey and deputy leader 6514: 4732:, the Labour Party reported 292,505 full members. As of December 2017, the party had approximately 570,000 full members, making it the largest political party by membership in Western Europe. 3635:

The Labour Party continued to grow as more unions affiliated and more Labour MPs were elected. In 1918, a new constitution was agreed, which laid out several aims of the party. These included

4371:, while difficult to define, has become a focus for other socialists in the twenty-first century, and many see a reflection of it in the opposition of large sections of the population to the 3605:(CPGB) was founded, but it attracted only existing left-wing militants, with the British Socialist Party and Workers Socialist Federation joining many Socialist Labour Party activists in it. 7471: 4333:(SLP) which initially attracted some support, much of which transferred to the Socialist Alliance on its formation, but the SA has since been wound up and the SLP has become marginalised. 5871: 3771:

The Independent Labour Party disaffiliated from the Labour Party in 1932, in protest at an erosion of their MPs' independence. For a time, they became a significant left-of-Labour force.

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politicians in 1866 and 1867. At the time, Marx wrote that he and Engels had been "betrayed in the Reform League where, against our wishes, have made compromises with the bourgeoisie".

5903: 4349:. The party also introduced women-only shortlists in certain seats and central vetting of Parliamentary candidates to ensure that its candidates were seen as on-message. Labour won the 4541:, general secretary of the Rail, Maritime and Transport workers union (RMT), Brian Caton, general secretary of the POA and Chris Baugh, assistant general secretary of the PCS. RMT and 4743:

on Thursday 8 June 2017. Corbyn said he welcomed May's proposal and said his party would support the government's move in the parliamentary vote announced for 19 April. The necessary

1610: 4771:. Thirty new seats were gained to reach 262 total MPs, and, with a swing of 9.6%, achieved the biggest percentage-point increase in its vote share at a single general election since 6394: 3534:

opposed or ignored the movement. By the early twentieth century, the campaign had become more militant, but some of its leaders were reluctant to involve working-class women in it.

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and the 50% tax rate on high earners. However, the Labour Party under Miliband focused on calls for "responsible capitalism" rather than socialism. Labour's then-Shadow Chancellor

3375:, another Liberal politician who had joined Cunninghame-Graham in the Scottish Labour Party, was elected as an Independent Labour MP, and this gave him the spur to found a UK-wide 964: 4668:

and finished with 30.4% of the vote nationally and 232 seats in the House of Commons. Miliband resigned as party leader following his party's defeat and subsequently triggered a

3298:. This qualifier excluded a great number of British labourers, casual workers, and unemployed. The change in policy has been attributed to donations received by the League from 984: 4301:, there was widespread public and media doubt as to whether a Labour government could be elected again, since it had failed in the face of a recession and rising unemployment. 6246: 6271: 4752: 3205:

The Chartist movement's reformist goals, although not immediately and directly attained, were gradually achieved. In the same year as the People's Charter was created, the

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The CPGB also grew on the back of Stalinist successes in Eastern Europe and China, and recorded their best-ever result, with two MPs elected (one in London and another in

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The government subsequently subjected the Chartists to brutal reprisals and arrested their leaders. The remaining party then split as a result of a divide in tactics: the

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system. Unions were subject to often severe repression until 1824, but were already widespread in cities such as London. Workplace militancy had also manifested itself as

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were also blamed on them. The Labour leadership's failure to work with trade unions, or for their opponents an inability to keep them under control, resulted in the

857: 6373: 4293:; won a fourth consecutive election with a majority of 21 seats. This has been attributed to both the Labour Party's premature triumphalism (in particular at the 4677: 4551: 959: 6421: 7108: 5934: 5802: 1115: 5728: 4182:

The early nationalist parties had little connection with socialism, but by the 1980s they had become increasingly identified with the left, and in the 1990s

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Opposition, Miliband softened some of the more left-wing ideas he had adopted during the leadership election, but remained committed to causes such as a

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the electorate is divided into three groups: 292,000 members, 148,000 union "affiliates" and 112,000 registered supporters who each paid £3 to take part

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also committed to maintaining some spending cuts scheduled for 2015 and 2016 by the Conservative-led coalition, and was accused of planning to cut the

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with the Liberals and the Conservatives. The majority of the Labour Party regarded this as a betrayal and expelled them, whereupon they founded

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McKernan, James A. "The origins of critical theory in education: Fabian socialism as social reconstructionism in nineteenth-century Britain."

4340:, standing against an official Labour Party candidate. Livingstone was re-admitted into the Labour Party in time for his re-election in 2004. 4167:

campaigned for a separate Communist Party in Scotland in the 1920s, and when the CPGB refused to support Scottish independence, he formed the

7849: 4512: 4125: 3964:, a white paper designed to circumvent strikes by imposing compulsory arbitration. Opposed by many trade unionists, including Home Secretary 3948: 1367: 1095: 6799: 6448: 7346: 6910: 6468: 4268:

which was founded in 1988 after an internal crisis in the CPGB led to a split. The Eurocommunists, who had controlled the party's magazine

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with the Conservative Party and the Liberals, and agreed a non-contest pact in elections. The CPGB at first supported the war, but after

2889: 5002: 4020:, a left-winger who by then had distanced himself from Benn but failed to transmit this to the media or the voters. The following year, 3627:

The main labour unions and the Labour Party successfully fought multiple Communist attempts to infiltrate and control local operations.

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has refused to take a stance on the referendum, instead laying out "challenges for both sides of the debate", in particular calling on

4117:, gained the most attention, seeming genuinely innovative to its support base, but the GLC was abolished by the Conservatives in 1986. 3310:

passed and enfranchised roughly three million people, around half of whom were working class. This was extended to five million by the

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at the helm. When the final results were counted however, Labour suffered a second consecutive defeat and the Conservatives, led by

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instead. The Alliance came close to Labour in terms of votes, but had only a fraction of its seats due to the limitations of the

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was prominent) together. In 1980, the Labour Party conference was dominated by factional disputes and what Callaghan regarded as

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had shown a 20-point Conservative lead over Labour before the election was called, but this lead had narrowed by the day of the

7617: 7251: 7144: 6981: 4530: 4523: 4251:" on 31 March 1990. Margaret Thatcher's own party compelled her to step down on 22 November that year, and she was replaced by 3686: 3498:

as its leader. At the 1900 general election, the LRC won only two seats, and the SDF disaffiliated, but more unions signed up.

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Although Marxism had some impact in Britain, it was far less than in many other European countries, with philosophers such as

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Lyman, Richard W. "The British Labour Party: The Conflict between Socialist Ideals and Practical Politics between the Wars".

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came to be supported by socialists in Britain. Labour's election manifestos for 1983, 1987 and 1992 included a commitment to

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engulfed the country. The government split over its response to the crisis. MacDonald and a few supporters agreed to form a

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was worried about the prospect of a socialist party taking the bulk of the working-class vote, while their great rivals the

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and after Clement Attlee retired as party leader in 1955, he was succeeded by the figurehead of the "right-establishment"

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became a popular expose of conditions for workers, but initially Marxism had little impact among Britain's working class.

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briefly gained leverage over Labour Party policy at the beginning of the decade, but soon went into a long eclipse. The

7634: 7323: 7261: 6214: 6098: 4136:, the strike was eventually lost owing to a union split, amongst other reasons. The Conservatives had already begun to 3555: 3468: 3042: 1074: 1010: 974: 694: 3662:

In 1926, British miners went on strike over their appalling working conditions. The situation soon escalated into the

3213:. Carefully valving the steam of the working-class movement, Parliament reduced the working day to ten hours with the 7609: 7436: 7416: 7341: 7256: 7221: 7179: 6127: 5325: 5219: 4856: 4836: 4399: 4214: 4210: 4168: 4164: 3586: 3579: 3432: 3267: 1700: 1360: 754: 5806: 5648: 4664:. The number of Labour MPs declined by 26 from 2010, after they lost 40 of the 41 seats they had in Scotland to the 4588:

The campaign for independence has also enjoyed support from a minority of trade unionists. In 2013, a branch of the

4446:. Respect though has suffered from the resignation of leading members over the years, and Galloway lost his seat to 4159:

have been the concern of many socialists. Having been raised in the nineteenth century by Liberals also calling for

3972:'s Conservative government was successfully resisted as union militants, many close to the CPGB, led the successful 3167:

to the British Parliament (ranging from 1,280,000 to 3,000,000 signatures), the most famous of which was called the

7496: 7307: 6903: 6272:"A Snap Election, A New Leader in Scotland And A "Staggering" Rise in Membership – Alice Perry's Latest NEC Report" 5965: 5031: 4913: 4589: 4305: 4275: 4260: 4121: 3909: 3602: 3563: 3517:

government at the forthcoming election. This was successful, and in the process, 29 Labour MPs were elected to the

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becoming divided between anarchists and Marxists such as Morris and Eleanor Marx. A much later split produced the

7501: 4933: 3459: 2882: 2838: 1267: 1262: 375: 3674:, called the strike off. The miners tried to continue alone, but without TUC support had eventually to give in. 7523: 7421: 7373: 7206: 7134: 5776: 5372:

Alan Campbell, and John McIlroy, "‘The Trojan Horse’: Communist Entrism in the British Labour Party, 1933–43."

5256: 4594: 4443: 4247:. For the first time in the decade, socialists were able to organise effective opposition, culminating in the " 4132:, struck against the closure of collieries. Despite support in the coalfields, including many miners' wives in 3952: 3414: 1297: 1282: 1137: 1100: 1090: 969: 7216: 4608:

The Labour Party campaigned in favour of a "No" vote through the referendum campaign, headed by former Labour

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The Great Depression devastated the industrial areas of Northern England, Wales and Central Scotland, and the

7941: 7533: 7431: 7211: 4526:. Others have turned to more community-based politics. Yet others believe they can reclaim the Labour Party. 4462: 4403: 3210: 3121: 2804: 1727: 1673: 1648: 1516: 1491: 1178: 704: 6719: 7577: 7276: 7266: 7035: 6665:(I.B. Tauris, dist. by Palgrave Macmillan; 2011), history of British left since the Great Reform Act, 1832. 6247:"Labour Party Membership Soars By 35,000 in Just Four Days – After 'Corbyn Surge' In 2017 General Election" 4602:

Paper Collective were a challenge to the official campaigns on both sides arguing for "Class over Nation".

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More permanent trade unions were established from the 1850s, better resourced but often less radical. The

3093:, the aims of which were supported by most socialists, although none appear to have played leading roles. 2608: 7622: 7528: 7302: 6896: 4609: 4368: 4330: 3973: 3925: 3921: 3920:, radicalised a new generation. Significant anti-war protests were organised. Trotskyist groups like the 3255: 2010: 1690: 1620: 1536: 1506: 979: 923: 903: 646: 7674: 4442:. After a two-year absence from Parliament, Galloway returned to the House of Commons after winning the 1653: 7704: 7388: 7271: 7070: 6878: 6322: 6215:"All four Labour leadership candidates rule out legal fight – despite voter count plummeting by 60,000" 5670: 5317: 4598: 4265: 4176: 4133: 2875: 2663: 2548: 2090: 1125: 949: 5614: 5532: 5508: 5484: 4676:

served as acting leader while the election was contested. The Labour Party are currently the official

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Currents of Radicalism: Popular Radicalism, Organized Labour and Party Politics in Britain 1850–1914,

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Diggers, levellers, and agrarian capitalism: Radical political thought in seventeenth century England

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in 1868. Union membership grew as unskilled and women workers were unionised, and socialists such as

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The shop steward movement worried many right-wingers, who believed that socialists were fomenting a

3566:(SPGB, still in existence). The remainder of the SDF attempted to form a broader Marxist party, the 7582: 7506: 7139: 7040: 6827: 6635:

Hargreaves, John. "Sport and socialism in Britain." Sociology of sport journal 9.2 (1992): 131–153.

5748: 4569: 4202: 4087: 3518: 3510: 3376: 3140: 2638: 1695: 1586: 1035: 933: 576: 370: 4329:, regarded this as a betrayal of Labour's ideology and left the Labour Party. Scargill formed the 29: 7742: 7446: 6951: 6709:

Christian Socialism as Political Ideology: The Formation of the British Christian Left, 1877-1945

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made an appeal seeking to create a United Left Party in light of the perceived successes seen by

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campaigned for enfranchisement among women in the East End of London and eventually built up the

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Bonin, Hugo. "Between Panacea and Poison: 'democracy' in British socialist thought, 1881–1891."

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The Scottish Socialist Party have proven much more successful, while Ken Livingstone became the

4163:, Scottish Home Rule became the official policy of the ILP, and of the Labour Party until 1958. 3322:

initiated occasional intrigues to encourage socialist candidates to stand against the Liberals.

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A graph showing Labour Party individual membership, excluding affiliated members and supporters

4577: 4500: 4110: 4102: 3690: 3682: 3663: 3349: 2701: 2045: 1807: 1643: 1541: 1531: 485: 5707: 4406:. Galloway, who stood as a candidate for Respect, was elected as the Member of Parliament for 2568: 7766: 7174: 7045: 5586: 4620: 4206: 4152: 4101:

tactics in the Labour Party, had gradually increased their profile. By 1982, they controlled

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and opinion polls briefly saw the new alliance appear capable of winning a general election.

3759: 3506: 3105: 3097: 2998: 2558: 2320: 2095: 2075: 2040: 1952: 1882: 1857: 1341: 1220: 1157: 1105: 215: 6559: 6547: 5939: 4572:(SSP) has been actively campaigning for Scottish independence since the announcement of the 4144:

by a wide margin, although it did manage to reduce the Conservative majority significantly.

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led strikes and demonstrations for better working conditions and a forty-hour working week.

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that was founded in 1900 and nationalised a fifth of the British economy in the late 1940s.

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In July 2017, opinion polling suggested Labour leads the Conservatives, 45% to 39% while a

4492: 4056: 4032: 3981: 3820: 3764: 3667: 3472: 3132: 3030: 2957: 2628: 2528: 2463: 2000: 1927: 1782: 1526: 1476: 1433: 1416: 1411: 1000: 719: 145: 113: 7669: 6184:"Labour leadership contest: After 88 days of campaigning, how did Labour's candidates do?" 5187: 4322:

was also helped by the fact that the Conservative government was now divided over Europe.

8: 7883: 7456: 7164: 7015: 6968: 6956: 5298: 4876: 4224: 4190: 4106: 4060: 3896:, these disputes were more about personality than ideology, and the rift was healed when 3793: 3728: 3644: 2809: 2776: 2736: 2721: 2005: 1917: 1907: 1877: 1772: 1658: 1625: 1471: 1453: 1443: 1400: 749: 310: 170: 103: 61: 6609:

The Political Culture of the Left in Affluent Britain, 1951–64: old Labour, new Britain?

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Political economy and the Labour Party: the economics of democratic socialism, 1884–2005

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Andrew Thorpe, "Comintern ‘Control’ of the Communist Party of Great Britain, 1920–43."

3900:, a Bevanite, was elected as Leader of the Labour Party after Gaitskell's sudden death. 3247:, founded in 1882. Engels refused to support the organisation, although Marx's daughter 2583: 7451: 7030: 7020: 6675: 6659: 5093: 4945: 4767:. It was also the first time the Labour Party had made a net gain of seats since their 4616: 4079: 4036: 3960: 3704:

of unemployed workers from the North East to London to demand jobs defined the period.

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Hednry Pelling, “The Early History of the Communist Party of Great Britain, 1920-9.”

2360: 7358: 7124: 7025: 6682: 5904:"A Just Scotland – STUC publishes interim report on Scotland's constitutional future" 5321: 5252: 5083: 5071: 5044: 4938: 4439: 4387: 4243:, and 1990 for the rest of the UK, the Conservatives introduced the deeply unpopular 4156: 4094: 3989: 3848: 3840: 3775: 3720: 3716: 3712: 3454: 3156: 3144: 3083: 3010: 2941: 2929: 2906: 2691: 2603: 2508: 2370: 2300: 2205: 2190: 1957: 1897: 1852: 1837: 1797: 1732: 1511: 1501: 1438: 877: 543: 255: 180: 123: 7604: 5990: 4317:

electoral appeal. However, Labour had been ascendant in the opinion polls since the

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seemed, for a time, a solution to Conservative hegemony for many on the left. The

4046:, Thatcher benefited from increased popularity, an after effect of the successful 2633: 2295: 2025: 7790: 7191: 6426: 6350: 6188: 5733: 5556: 5394: 5162: 5121: 5116: 4871: 4760: 4645: 4518:

Other socialists place their hopes in a trade union revival, perhaps around the "

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ideals. Ethical socialism has been publicly supported by British Prime Ministers

3736: 3652: 3307: 3295: 2965: 2771: 2766: 2711: 2518: 2478: 2310: 2280: 2265: 2215: 2185: 2120: 2060: 2020: 1942: 1932: 1832: 1576: 1566: 1213: 1192: 1120: 1025: 898: 794: 789: 744: 739: 709: 400: 220: 200: 128: 6488: 6374:"Labour can win majority if it pushes for new general election within two years" 4720: 4027:

In 1981, thirty MPs on the right-wing of the Labour Party defected to found the

7778: 7564: 7129: 4851: 4846: 4673: 4619:, a campaign composed solely of Labour Party figures. However, some members of 4228: 4071: 4051: 4016:

motions. Callaghan resigned as party leader late that year and was replaced by

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To widespread surprise, the Labour Party led by wartime Deputy Prime Minister

2623: 7930: 7644: 7398: 7154: 7065: 6944: 6776:

Hidden from History: 300 Years of Women's Oppression and the Fight Against It

6725:

Yeo, Stephen. "A new life: the religion of socialism in Britain, 1883–1896."

6473: 6099:"Ed Balls hits out at Tories but accepts some cuts in Labour's balancing act" 6068:"Ed Miliband: Google should pay more tax, engage in 'responsible capitalism'" 5961: 4886: 4881: 4826: 4816: 4744: 4740: 4710: 4693: 4657: 4395: 4372: 4270: 4248: 4218: 4137: 4047: 3940: 3917: 3897: 3893: 3882: 3860: 3809: 3788: 3617: 3575: 3559: 3291: 3071: 2953: 2751: 2746: 2613: 2563: 2543: 2538: 2513: 2488: 2385: 2290: 2210: 2130: 2105: 2030: 1967: 1802: 1601: 1199: 829: 819: 804: 784: 734: 729: 724: 684: 669: 500: 460: 395: 340: 118: 6691:

Proletarian Philosophers: Problems in Socialist Culture in Britain 1900–1940

5097: 4980:

A. J. Taylor, "Progress and Poverty in Britain, 1780–1850: A Reappraisal."

3951:. Later in 1977, other traditionalist pro-Russian elements left to form the 3928:

came to prominence, particularly due to high-profile members like the IMG's

3719:

developed by British socialists. It became an important ideology within the

3639:, calling for "common ownership" of key industry. With their success at the 2035: 7649: 7538: 7518: 7060: 6453: 6378: 6219: 6159: 6132: 6103: 5712: 4923: 4811: 4795: 4581: 4496: 4362: 4244: 4067: 4021: 4017: 3969: 3856: 3817: 3813: 3801: 3784: 3724: 3701: 3656: 3613: 3571: 3471:. However, the movement was increasingly dominated by the formation of the 3248: 3026: 2493: 2443: 2438: 2423: 2380: 2365: 2335: 2260: 2245: 2220: 2180: 2140: 2115: 2080: 1995: 1206: 1054: 809: 764: 759: 699: 654: 627: 490: 380: 360: 345: 6807:

New Jerusalems: the Labour Party and the economics of democratic socialism

6716:

Socialism and the Challenge of War: Ideas and Politics in Britain, 1912-18

4997:

Chris Rogers, "Robert Owen, utopian socialism and social transformation."

4522:" of the more left-wing trade union leaders, many of whom have joined the 3554:

in the Social Democratic Federation chiefly in Scotland split to form the

3047:

The trade union movement in Britain gradually developed from the Medieval

2483: 1005: 7378: 7363: 7010: 6038: 5638: 4896: 4891: 4861: 4821: 4736: 4685: 4653: 4183: 4009: 3913: 3671: 3495: 3372: 3326: 3274: 3232:

worked in England, and they influenced small émigré groups including the

3056: 3017: 2961: 2921: 2905:

is thought to stretch back to the 19th century from roots arising in the

2716: 2598: 2433: 2395: 2375: 2315: 2275: 2240: 2175: 2165: 2145: 2100: 2015: 1985: 1947: 1842: 1685: 1615: 1481: 1049: 714: 510: 465: 450: 365: 355: 320: 315: 210: 7917: 7785: 6346:"Jeremy Corbyn welcomes Theresa May's announcement of an early election" 4985: 4473:

political party was founded in November 2013 as a result of the appeal.

4390:

in October 2003 following his controversial statements about the war in

4258:

The CPGB dissolved itself in 1991, although their former newspaper, the

3341:

for short. Other miner's leaders entered Parliament via the same route.

6888: 4775:. Immediately following the election, party membership rose by 35,000. 4427: 4345: 4309: 4290: 4252: 3748: 3621: 3531: 3417: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 3021: 3002: 2944:

in the 1640s, several proto-socialist groups emerged, most notably the

2686: 2593: 2330: 2160: 1862: 1817: 1287: 679: 505: 410: 405: 280: 149: 5361: 5295:

Minutes and Documents of the Hague Congress of the First International

4605:

Until 2006, the RMT was affiliated with the Scottish Socialist Party.

3592: 3574:

movement, which became particularly prominent in what became known as

6919: 6817: 6572: 5428: 5290: 5272: 4504: 4458: 4415: 4083: 4075: 4005: 3929: 3889: 3636: 3609: 3598: 3225: 3125: 3006: 2969: 2945: 2925: 2910: 2681: 2523: 2355: 2065: 1902: 1887: 1777: 1757: 1747: 1392: 1277: 1272: 1109: 941: 885: 664: 425: 415: 300: 88: 83: 33:

Socialism in the UK – created by the Socialist Party of Great Britain

6654:

Socialism and Foreign Policy: Theory and Practice in Britain to 1931

5780: 4221:, with a less militant programme, aimed to replicate their success. 3800:

The Labour Party leadership always supported British involvement in

3392: 7080: 6882: 6623:

Possible Dreams: a personal history of British Christian Socialists

6043: 6015: 5995: 5876: 5872:"Scottish postal workers hope to deliver Yes vote for independence" 5753: 5643: 5619: 5537: 5513: 5489: 4841: 4689: 4538: 4447: 4353:

with a landslide majority of 179 seats; their best result to date.

4240: 4209:

as an immediate goal, has had recent electoral success; it won six

4201:

and Plaid have been challenged by socialists in recent years. The

4098: 3168: 3164: 3109: 3090: 3060: 1292: 689: 250: 98: 7773: 6794:

Bassett, Lewis. "Corbynism: Social democracy in a new left garb."

6741:

Leninism, Stalinism and the Women's Movement in Britain, 1920–1939

6556:

Biographical dictionary of modern European radicals and socialists

6515:"The impact of strikes in the UK - Office for National Statistics" 5345: 4426:

constituency instead. However, he finished in third place, behind

3285: 3009:. Appalling conditions for workers, combined with support for the 7393: 5314:

For Class and Country: the Patriotic Left and the First World War

4013: 3338: 3079: 3052: 2981: 2914: 2413: 1892: 1872: 240: 235: 155: 133: 6489:"Keir Starmer's allies purging Labour left, says John McDonnell" 6449:"Theresa May's ratings slump in wake of general election – poll" 6422:"Labour Party membership soars by 35,000 since general election" 5849: 5729:"Respect chief Salma Yaqoob quits over George Galloway rape row" 5014:

Siméon Ophélie, "Robert Owen: The Father of British Socialism?"

4024:

only narrowly won the deputy leadership in a contest with Benn.

7797: 7169: 6961: 6748:

Labour Women: Women in British Working-Class Politics 1918–1939

5591: 5435: 4779: 4466: 4194: 4120:

The defining event of the 1980s for British socialists was the

3944: 3082:

to revolutionaries. It played a part in the protests after the

2418: 7737: 7713: 3608:

The CPGB soon became known for its loyalty to the line of the

3463:

from the 1890s to the 1930s; the more intellectual gradualist

3445: 2858: 2829: 1324: 1312: 7808: 7383: 7353: 4547: 4264:, continues to be published and follows the programme of the 3181:

Removal of property qualifications for members of parliament.

3048: 3029:

movement, before attempting to create a utopian community at

2230: 245: 6595:

Labour's Utopias: Bolshevism, Fabianism and Social Democracy

6395:"Corbyn gives Labour biggest vote share increase since 1945" 3562:

in London split from the SDF the following year to form the

3513:

with the Liberals, intending to cause maximum damage to the

7368: 7292: 7234: 6871: 6469:"How excited should Labour be about its 8-point poll lead?" 5991:"Election results: Ed Miliband steps down as Labour leader" 4391: 4197:(established as the National Assembly for Wales), both the 4179:. The CPGB eventually changed their position in the 1940s. 4004:

tried in vain to keep the left-wing of the party (in which

3988:

of an economically liberal Conservative government, led by

3870:). The Trotskyist Revolutionary Communist Party collapsed. 3867: 3780: 3325:

In 1874, the Liberals agreed not to put candidates against

1663: 1142: 5427:(Fourth ed.). Oxon, England, UK; New York City, USA: 4696:. These were unpopular ideas with traditional socialists. 4398:(later renamed the Respect Party) in an alliance with the 3939:

in 1968, the CPGB became to divide between Stalinists and

3859:

some industries (for example, coal mining), and created a

3337:. Both were elected and became known as Liberal-Labour or 3220: 2913:

in Great Britain have taken many different forms from the

557:

The Lion and the Unicorn: Socialism and the English Genius

6674:(2003), ch. 2 on Owen, ch 7 on Attlee, ch. 11 on Blair; 5837:

Portsmouth RMT stands in election with Bob Crow's support

5473:. London, England: Haus Publishing Ltd. pp. 130–132. 4782:

poll gave Labour an 8-point lead over the Conservatives.

4343:

Under Blair, Labour launched a PR campaign to rebrand as

3947:

inclined elements left, the most significant forming the

3187:

Electoral districts representing equal numbers of people.

5749:"David Cameron and Nick Clegg pledge 'united' coalition" 4660:, formed a majority government for the first time since 4557: 3992:, which finally ended the post-war political consensus. 3731:, and its ideals were connected to Christian socialist, 3670:, ostensibly worried about reports of starvation in the 3655:, which was used as evidence of Labour's links with the 3356:

left the Liberal Party and formed his own, independent,

3202:

believed in workers' reformism (through strikes, etc.).

2992: 7811:

History of the socialist movement in the United Kingdom

6663:

Ages of Reform: Dawns and Downfalls of the British Left

6571:(2nd ed.). Oxon, England, UK; New York City, USA: 3585:

This activity took place against the background of the

6039:"Labour calls for 'responsible and better' capitalism" 5401: 4968:(Lexington Books, 2008) pp. 122–140, 153–163. 183–192 7702: 5829:"Trade Unionist and Socialist Coalition gets started" 5112:"Minute Book of the London Working Men's Association" 3968:; it was soon withdrawn. Later legislation passed by 3754: 3620:, it finally gained its first MP, and began to expel 3266:, Britain's oldest existing socialist party, and the 6856:

Far-left politics in the United Kingdom#Bibliography

6175: 6011:"'Red Ed? Come off it', says Labour leader Miliband" 4652:, which was the party's first general election with 3078:

in 1834, which attracted a range of socialists from

3070:

From 1830 on, attempts were made to set up national

6840: 6834:

The Parliamentary Labour Party: A History 1906–2006

5458:. London, England: Haus Publishing Ltd. p. 29. 3593:

Bolshevism and the Communist Party of Great Britain

3449:

Timeline of parties in the broad socialist movement

5220:"Conditions of the Working-Class in England Index" 4919:History of the welfare state in the United Kingdom 4751:voted in favour of an early election. Some of the 3314:, which extended the householder's franchise. The 6238: 5966:"Even loyal labour voters won't back No campaign" 5930:"RMT disaffiliates from Scottish Socialist Party" 5188:"Glossary of Organisations: Chartists (Chartism)" 4999:Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences 4533:(TUSC) was formed in January 2010 to contest the 3943:. The party suffered a series of splits. Various 3651:. This government was undermined by the infamous 3243:The first nominally Marxist organisation was the 7928: 6846:Communist Party of Great Britain#Further reading 6588:Democratic Ideas and the British Labour Movement 5689:"George Galloway wins Bradford West by-election" 5388: 5030: 3976:. More ominously for the left, the unsuccessful 3839:won a landslide victory over popular war leader 3830: 3723:. Ethical socialism was founded in the 1920s by 3630: 3616:from the international. Under the leadership of 3570:. The SLP and BSP parties came to influence the 3055:and had been prominent in struggles such as the 2968:'s government, who also persecuted the moderate 2964:and of censorship. This was strongly opposed by 605:The Establishment: And How They Get Away with It 6672:Heaven on Earth: The Rise and Fall of Socialism 6206: 4717:. Corbyn identifies as a democratic socialist. 4499:. The Conservatives returned to power with the 4175:, a Communist, was also an early member of the 3958:In 1969, Wilson's Labour Government introduced 3286:Liberal–Labour and the Independent Labour Party 6386: 5423:Tansey, Stephen D.; Jackson, Nigel A. (2008). 4798:winning of the Labour Party leadership in the 3888:Although there were some disputes between the 3545: 3198:believed in bureaucratic reformism, while the 6904: 5708:"Monbiot quits Respect over threat to Greens" 5422: 5342:Transactions of the Royal Historical Society, 4785: 3949:Communist Party of Britain (Marxist-Leninist) 3238:The Condition of the Working Class in England 2883: 1361: 6647:Socialism and education in Britain 1883-1902 5037:Holy Women, Holy Men: Celebrating the Saints 4147: 4008:was prominent) and the right-wing (in which 3478: 3333:, two miners' leaders who were standing for 3171:(hence their name) in 1842, which demanded: 4414:, where he defeated the sitting Labour MP; 6911: 6897: 6128:"Ed Balls facing state pension cut claims" 3013:, turned some intellectuals to socialism. 2890: 2876: 1368: 1354: 6767:Mitchell, Juliet, and Ann Oakley, (eds). 6125: 5418: 5416: 5136: 4186:declared itself to be a socialist party. 4050:, and a Labour manifesto which Labour MP 3763:WWII badge for the "Birmingham Socialist 3681:again under MacDonald, but following the 3659:. It was later revealed to be a forgery. 3433:Learn how and when to remove this message 3360:, becoming the first socialist MP in the 6918: 6789:Labour Party (UK) § Further reading 6566: 6155:"How Jeremy Corbyn Would Govern Britain" 5960: 5803:"Trade Unionist and Socialist Coalition" 5726: 5441: 5407: 5389:Dearlove, John; Saunders, Peter (2000). 5142: 4719: 4699: 4630: 4476: 4140:other state industries. Labour lost the 3758: 3444: 3076:Grand National Consolidated Trades Union 28: 7937:Political history of the United Kingdom 6762:British Women and the Spanish Civil War 6755:Socialist Women: Britain 1880s to 1920s 6392: 5850:"Why the left should back independence" 5705: 5615:"1997: Labour landslide ends Tory rule" 5242: 5240: 4929:Far-left politics in the United Kingdom 4739:announced she would seek an unexpected 4285:, polling showed that there might be a 3677:Labour formed a minority government in 3643:, Labour were able to form their first 3221:Karl Marx, Friedrich Engels and Marxism 3135:formed in 1848 under the leadership of 3112:played an increasingly prominent role. 3063:in 1820, when 60,000 workers went on a 570:The Making of the English Working Class 14: 7929: 6640:British Journal of Educational Studies 6419: 6371: 6181: 5727:Woodcock, Andrew (12 September 2012). 5497:from the original on 16 February 2006. 5468: 5453: 5413: 5246: 5070: 4531:Trade Unionist and Socialist Coalition 3467:; and more radical groups such as the 3115: 2960:and the abolition of the monarchy and 6892: 6822:Pelling, Henry and Alastair J. Reid. 6397:. The London Economic. Archived from 6343: 6291: 6289: 6244: 6212: 6065: 5706:Tempest, Matthew (17 February 2004). 5627:from the original on 4 February 2008. 5533:"1992: Tories win again against odds" 5311: 5163:"The six points | chartist ancestors" 4713:became Leader of the Labour Party in 4574:2014 Scottish independence referendum 4564:2014 Scottish independence referendum 4558:2014 Scottish independence referendum 4487:The Labour Party was defeated at the 3935:After the Soviet Union's invasion of 3312:Representation of the People Act 1884 2993:Industrial Revolution and Robert Owen 2659:International socialist organizations 1607:To each according to his contribution 7815: 6743:(Garland, London and New York, 1986) 6323:"Corbyn welcomes PM's election move" 6297:"Theresa May seeks general election" 6182:Wright, Oliver (10 September 2015). 6096: 5567:from the original on 22 October 2021 5289: 5271: 5237: 4792:2019 United Kingdom general election 4706:2017 United Kingdom general election 4637:2015 United Kingdom general election 4580:, sits on the advisory board of the 4483:2010 United Kingdom general election 4255:, who abolished the charge in 1991. 3707: 3415:adding citations to reliable sources 3386: 3150: 551:The Ragged-Trousered Philanthropists 6824:A Short History of the Labour Party 6600:Biagini, E.F. and Reid, A.J., eds. 5249:Labour: A Party Fit For Imperialism 4189:Following the establishment of the 4086:" associated with Benn and the new 3791:who wrote about his experiences in 3612:, and proposed the motion to expel 3524: 3184:Salaries for members of parliament. 2928:electoral project enshrined in the 24: 6750:(Cambridge University Press, 1994) 6604:(Cambridge University Press, 1991) 6590:(Cambridge University Press, 1996) 6580: 6554:Nicholls, David, and Peter Marsh. 6544:Historical dictionary of socialism 6286: 5906:. 25 November 2012. Archived from 5671:"Shock win for Galloway in London" 5545:from the original on 7 March 2013. 5521:from the original on 7 March 2013. 5214: 3903: 3755:Spanish Civil War and World War II 3721:Labour Party of the United Kingdom 3043:Trade unions in the United Kingdom 1011:Social Democratic and Labour Party 25: 7963: 6860: 6704:, 2001, 665pp; short biographies. 5938:. 27 October 2006. Archived from 5831:. 19 January 2010. Archived from 5805:. 17 January 2010. Archived from 5779:. 25 January 2010. Archived from 5651:from the original on 6 April 2012 5587:"YouGov | Unity: Parties divided" 4735:On 18 April 2017, Prime Minister 4215:2003 Scottish Parliament election 4169:Scottish Workers Republican Party 4066:After the 1983 general election, 3209:instead responded by passing the 3104:spurred the establishment of the 7909: 7892: 7875: 7858: 7841: 7824: 7796: 7784: 7772: 7760: 7748: 7736: 7724: 7712: 6841:Communist Party of Great Britain 6586:Barrow, Logic and Bullock, Ian. 6126:Tapsfield, James (9 June 2013). 5509:"1987: Thatcher's third victory" 5391:Introduction to British politics 4914:History of the Labour Party (UK) 4670:Labour Party leadership election 3910:Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament 3851:programme. They established the 3603:Communist Party of Great Britain 3564:Socialist Party of Great Britain 3505:and in 1906 changed its name to 3485:History of the Labour Party (UK) 3391: 3362:Parliament of the United Kingdom 3264:Socialist Party of Great Britain 3163:The Chartists published several 2857: 2845: 2828: 1399: 1335: 1323: 1311: 633:History of the Labour Party (UK) 60: 7947:Socialism in the United Kingdom 6782: 6630:Socialism in Britain since 1884 6536: 6507: 6481: 6461: 6441: 6413: 6393:Griffin, Andrew (9 June 2017). 6365: 6337: 6315: 6264: 6147: 6119: 6097:Watt, Nicholas (26 June 2013). 6090: 6059: 6031: 6003: 5983: 5954: 5922: 5896: 5864: 5842: 5821: 5795: 5769: 5741: 5720: 5699: 5681: 5663: 5631: 5607: 5579: 5549: 5525: 5501: 5485:"1983: Thatcher triumphs again" 5477: 5462: 5447: 5382: 5366: 5350: 5334: 5305: 5283: 5265: 5208: 5180: 5145:John Frost: A Study in Chartism 5076:Kenneth O. Morgan: My Histories 5043:. New York: Church Publishing. 4934:Anarchism in the United Kingdom 4524:Labour Representation Committee 4356: 4325:Several party members, such as 4304:After the brief stewardship of 3492:Labour Representation Committee 3402:needs additional citations for 3382: 3254:The party soon split, with the 3131:The first group calling itself 3036: 2987: 2903:Socialism in the United Kingdom 1268:Communism in the United Kingdom 1263:Anarchism in the United Kingdom 18:Socialism in the United Kingdom 7952:Socialist movements by country 7417:Azerbaijan People's Government 6879:"History of British Socialism" 6769:The Rights and Wrongs of Women 6698:Dictionary of Labour Biography 6683:The Dictionary of Alternatives 5880:. 4 March 2013. Archived from 5155: 5151:Board. pp. 100, 104, 107. 5104: 5064: 5024: 5008: 4991: 4974: 4958: 4595:Scottish Trades Union Congress 4537:. Founding supporters include 4444:2012 Bradford West by-election 4000:After the 1979 Labour defeat, 3059:(or Scottish Insurrection) in 1283:Politics in the United Kingdom 970:New Communist Party of Britain 13: 1: 6372:Travis, Alan (11 June 2017). 6213:Bloom, Dan (25 August 2015). 5639:"Galloway expelled by Labour" 4951: 4747:was achieved when 522 of the 4728:In August 2015, prior to the 4404:Muslim Association of Britain 4402:and leading figures from the 4396:Respect – The Unity Coalition 4126:National Union of Mineworkers 3831:1945 landslide Labour victory 3825:Revolutionary Communist Party 3631:Labour and the general strike 3190:Annually elected parliaments. 3100:was founded in 1860, and the 3074:, most notably Robert Owen's 1492:Critique of political economy 980:Revolutionary Communist Party 6816:5#1 1965, pp. 140–152. 6420:Bulman, May (13 June 2017). 6344:Stone, Jon (18 April 2017). 6245:Waugh, Paul (13 June 2017). 5224:Marx/Engels Internet Archive 4745:super-majority of two-thirds 4590:Communications Workers Union 4299:1959 general election defeat 3916:, given lukewarm support by 3821:invasion of the Soviet Union 3540:Workers Socialist Federation 3245:Social Democratic Federation 3086:' case, but soon collapsed. 2762:Socialist calculation debate 2732:List of socialist economists 2707:Economic calculation problem 1592:Socialist mode of production 1449:Socialist calculation debate 919:Socialist Workers Party (UK) 7: 7457:Kurdish Republic of Mahabad 6850: 6778:(Pluto Press, London, 1973) 6616:Intellectual History Review 6066:Clark, Liat (22 May 2013). 4902: 4610:Chancellor of the Exchequer 4550:coalition which fought the 4450:of the Labour Party at the 4369:anti-globalisation movement 3926:Vietnam Solidarity Campaign 3922:International Marxist Group 3546:Syndicalism and World War I 3175:Universal suffrage for men. 1330:Organised labour portal 904:Socialist Labour Party (UK) 10: 7968: 6854: 6844: 6814:Journal of British Studies 6786: 6567:Thompson, Noel W. (2006). 5318:Liverpool University Press 4805: 4786:Post 2019 General Election 4703: 4634: 4561: 4552:European elections in 2009 4493:recession of 2008 and 2009 4480: 4360: 4266:Communist Party of Britain 4177:National Party of Scotland 4134:Women Against Pit Closures 3683:Stock Market Crash of 1929 3587:First World War, 1914-1918 3501:The LRC affiliated to the 3482: 3067:, which was soon crushed. 3040: 2935: 1298:Miliband–Poulantzas debate 955:Communist Party Britain-ML 950:Communist Party of Britain 7691: 7552: 7484: 7409: 7316: 7285: 7199: 7188: 7117: 7096: 6927: 6325:. Sky News. 18 April 2017 5360:113.452 (1998): 637-662. 5358:English Historical Review 5344:vol. 8, 1958, pp. 41–57. 5193:Marxists Internet Archive 5149:University of Wales Press 5080:University of Wales Press 4749:650 members of parliament 4495:under the premiership of 4148:Socialism and nationalism 3601:revolution in Britain. A 3479:Birth of the Labour Party 3346:Robert Cunninghame-Graham 3137:Frederick Denison Maurice 3124:religions, in particular 2757:Socialism and LGBT rights 1701:Socialist-oriented market 1649:Socialist planned economy 1552:Material balance planning 1342:United Kingdom portal 6733: 6727:History Workshop Journal 6707:Williams, Anthony A. J. 5143:Williams, David (1939). 4800:2020 leadership election 4730:2015 leadership election 4570:Scottish Socialist Party 4394:, he became involved in 4234: 4203:Scottish Socialist Party 3995: 3847:, and implemented their 3816:, opposed it. After the 3377:Independent Labour Party 3141:Independent Labour Party 1696:Socialist market economy 1621:Workers' self-management 1587:Socialism in one country 1434:Age of the Enlightenment 1036:Scottish Socialist Party 934:Workers Party of Britain 577:The Country and the City 7467:North Korea (1947–1948) 7462:North Korea (1946–1947) 6867:"Alternative Pleasures" 6771:(Penguin, London, 1976) 6680:Parker, Martin, et al. 5594:: What the world thinks 5444:, pp. 52, 58, 60.. 5251:. Larkin Publications. 5247:Clough, Robert (1992). 5195:Encyclopedia of Marxism 4666:Scottish National Party 4625:Labour for Independence 4507:government following a 4400:Socialist Workers Party 4199:Scottish National Party 4029:Social Democratic Party 3568:British Socialist Party 3503:Socialist International 3016:The pioneering work of 2697:Criticism of capitalism 1708:Participatory economics 1542:Labour-time calculation 1031:Scottish National Party 591:Towards a New Socialism 563:The Future of Socialism 537:The Communist Manifesto 226:Equality of opportunity 166:Revolutionary socialism 94:Black radical tradition 7189:Current and historical 5561:www.localhistories.org 5469:Howell, David (2006). 5454:Morgan, Kevin (2006). 5376:59.5 (2018): 513-554. 5120:. 2018. Archived from 5001:54.4 (2018): 256-271. 4769:1997 landslide victory 4759:; which resulted in a 4725: 4386:'s expulsion from the 4331:Socialist Labour Party 4111:Greater London Council 4103:Liverpool City Council 4078:" associated with the 3974:1974 UK miners' strike 3768: 3556:Socialist Labour Party 3469:Socialist Labour Party 3450: 3350:Lanarkshire North-West 3268:Socialist Labour Party 3033:in the United States. 3020:, a Welsh radical, at 2940:In the turmoil of the 2702:Criticism of socialism 1654:Decentralized planning 1557:Peer‑to‑peer economics 965:Communist Party GB-PCC 34: 6798:90.4 (2019): 777-784 6642:61.4 (2013): 417–433. 5964:(25 September 2012). 5312:Swift, David (2017). 4984:45.153 (1960): 16-31 4757:2017 general election 4723: 4700:2017 general election 4650:2015 general election 4631:2015 general election 4535:2010 general election 4489:2010 general election 4477:2010 general election 4452:2015 general election 4420:2010 general election 4412:2005 general election 4408:Bethnal Green and Bow 4351:1997 general election 4283:1992 general election 4281:In the run-up to the 4207:Scottish independence 4142:1987 general election 4122:1984–5 miners' strike 4044:1983 general election 3873:Labour lost power in 3845:1945 general election 3812:signed a treaty with 3762: 3641:1923 general election 3578:. Socialists such as 3448: 3369:1892 general election 3358:Scottish Labour Party 3354:1886 general election 3106:Trades Union Congress 3098:London Trades Council 2999:Industrial Revolution 1158:The World Transformed 960:Communist Party GB-ML 216:Environmental justice 32: 7942:History of socialism 7694:History of socialism 6702:Politicos Publishing 5557:"Britain Since 1948" 5425:Politics: the basics 4909:History of socialism 4424:Poplar and Limehouse 4308:in the early 1990s, 4057:SDP-Liberal Alliance 3982:Winter of Discontent 3804:, and they joined a 3668:Trade Union Congress 3473:British Labour Party 3411:improve this article 3200:Physical Force Party 3133:Christian Socialists 3089:Militants turned to 2958:progressive taxation 2852:Communism portal 2835:Socialism portal 1527:Industrial democracy 1477:Collective ownership 1318:Socialism portal 1138:Anarchist Federation 1001:People Before Profit 114:Democratic socialism 7630:Estonia (1918–1919) 7524:Hungary (1949–1989) 6805:Durbin, Elizabeth. 6796:Political Quarterly 6774:Rowbotham, Sheila. 6711:(Bloomsbury, 2020). 6670:Muravchik, Joshua. 6652:Miller, Kenneth E. 6611:(Basingstoke, 2003) 6542:Docherty, James C. 6019:. 28 September 2010 5647:. 24 October 2003. 5299:Progress Publishers 4877:George Bernard Shaw 4576:. Its co-convenor, 4422:, but stood at the 4225:Irish republicanism 4205:, who also support 4191:Scottish Parliament 4107:municipal socialism 4061:first-past-the-post 3953:New Communist Party 3806:national government 3794:Homage to Catalonia 3729:Christian socialist 3691:National Government 3645:minority government 3331:Alexander Macdonald 3116:Christian socialism 2737:Market abolitionism 2722:Left-libertarianism 1659:Inclusive Democracy 1626:Workplace democracy 1472:Calculation in kind 1454:Socialist economics 1444:Revolutions of 1848 171:Ricardian socialism 104:Christian socialism 7595:Byelorussia (1919) 6809:(Routledge, 2018). 6746:Graves, Pamela M. 6718:(Routledge, 2014) 6660:Morgan, Kenneth O. 6649:(Routledge, 2013). 5942:on 18 October 2007 5835:on 21 April 2021. 5783:on 18 January 2010 5275:(31 August 1866). 5167:Chartist Ancestors 5124:on 28 October 2021 5072:Morgan, Kenneth O. 4946:Socialist Students 4726: 4617:United with Labour 4457:In 2013, director 4367:The international 4031:, which formed an 3980:, and the 1978–79 3961:In Place of Strife 3787:forces, including 3769: 3451: 3215:Factories Act 1847 3207:British Parliament 3178:The secret ballot. 3102:Sheffield Outrages 2980:utopian group the 2974:Fifth Monarchy Men 2742:Marxist philosophy 1562:Production for use 1532:Input–output model 1497:Economic democracy 909:Socialist Party GB 894:Breakthrough Party 873:Co-operative Party 858:Defunct UK parties 854:Current UK parties 598:Capitalist Realism 271:State intervention 79:Agrarian socialism 53:the United Kingdom 35: 7700: 7699: 7687: 7686: 7683: 7682: 7480: 7479: 7222:Congo-Brazzaville 7118:Regional variants 6875:, 25 October 2011 6760:Jackson, Angela. 6757:(Routledge, 2002) 6696:Rosen, Greg, ed. 6686:(Zed Books, 2007) 6656:(Springer, 2012). 6632:(Blackwell, 1990) 6628:Callaghan, John. 6593:Beilharz, Peter. 6274:. 1 December 2017 5623:. 15 April 2005. 5216:Engels, Friedrich 5089:978-1-78316-323-6 5050:978-0-89869-678-3 4939:Militant tendency 4501:Liberal Democrats 4229:Irish unification 4157:Welsh nationalism 4095:Militant tendency 3990:Margaret Thatcher 3849:social democratic 3841:Winston Churchill 3776:Spanish Civil War 3717:liberal socialism 3713:Ethical socialism 3708:Ethical socialism 3511:an electoral pact 3494:was founded with 3455:Robert Blatchford 3443: 3442: 3435: 3196:Moral Force Party 3157:Chartist movement 3151:Chartist movement 3145:James Keir Hardie 3084:Tolpuddle Martyrs 3011:French Revolution 2948:. They advocated 2942:English Civil War 2907:English Civil War 2900: 2899: 2692:Communist society 2664:Socialist parties 1923:Saint-Simonianism 1512:Equal opportunity 1502:Economic planning 1439:French Revolution 1378: 1377: 878:Labour Party (UK) 647:Political figures 544:News from Nowhere 256:Radical democracy 181:Utopian socialism 124:Ethical socialism 16:(Redirected from 7959: 7922: 7914: 7913: 7912: 7905: 7897: 7896: 7895: 7888: 7880: 7879: 7878: 7871: 7863: 7862: 7861: 7854: 7846: 7845: 7844: 7837: 7829: 7828: 7827: 7817: 7801: 7800: 7789: 7788: 7777: 7776: 7765: 7764: 7763: 7753: 7752: 7751: 7743:Organised Labour 7741: 7740: 7729: 7728: 7727: 7717: 7716: 7708: 7550: 7549: 7407: 7406: 7197: 7196: 7192:socialist states 7071:African-American 6913: 6906: 6899: 6890: 6889: 6832:Taylor, Robert. 6826:(12th ed. 2005) 6597:(Routledge 1992) 6576: 6530: 6529: 6527: 6525: 6511: 6505: 6504: 6502: 6500: 6485: 6479: 6478: 6465: 6459: 6458: 6445: 6439: 6438: 6436: 6434: 6417: 6411: 6410: 6408: 6406: 6390: 6384: 6383: 6369: 6363: 6362: 6360: 6358: 6341: 6335: 6334: 6332: 6330: 6319: 6313: 6312: 6310: 6308: 6293: 6284: 6283: 6281: 6279: 6268: 6262: 6261: 6259: 6257: 6242: 6236: 6235: 6229: 6227: 6210: 6204: 6203: 6198: 6196: 6179: 6173: 6172: 6170: 6168: 6163:. 18 August 2015 6151: 6145: 6144: 6142: 6140: 6123: 6117: 6116: 6114: 6112: 6094: 6088: 6087: 6085: 6083: 6074:. Archived from 6063: 6057: 6056: 6054: 6052: 6047:. 7 January 2012 6035: 6029: 6028: 6026: 6024: 6007: 6001: 6000: 5987: 5981: 5980: 5978: 5976: 5958: 5952: 5951: 5949: 5947: 5926: 5920: 5919: 5917: 5915: 5910:on 24 April 2013 5900: 5894: 5893: 5891: 5889: 5868: 5862: 5861: 5859: 5857: 5846: 5840: 5839: 5825: 5819: 5818: 5816: 5814: 5799: 5793: 5792: 5790: 5788: 5773: 5767: 5766: 5764: 5762: 5745: 5739: 5738: 5724: 5718: 5717: 5703: 5697: 5696: 5695:. 30 March 2012. 5685: 5679: 5678: 5667: 5661: 5660: 5658: 5656: 5635: 5629: 5628: 5611: 5605: 5604: 5602: 5600: 5583: 5577: 5576: 5574: 5572: 5553: 5547: 5546: 5541:. 5 April 2005. 5529: 5523: 5522: 5517:. 5 April 2005. 5505: 5499: 5498: 5493:. 5 April 2005. 5481: 5475: 5474: 5466: 5460: 5459: 5456:Ramsay MacDonald 5451: 5445: 5439: 5433: 5432: 5420: 5411: 5405: 5399: 5398: 5386: 5380: 5370: 5364: 5354: 5348: 5338: 5332: 5331: 5309: 5303: 5302: 5287: 5281: 5280: 5277:Letter to Becker 5269: 5263: 5262: 5244: 5235: 5234: 5232: 5230: 5212: 5206: 5205: 5203: 5201: 5184: 5178: 5177: 5175: 5173: 5159: 5153: 5152: 5140: 5134: 5133: 5131: 5129: 5108: 5102: 5101: 5068: 5062: 5061: 5059: 5057: 5042: 5032:Episcopal Church 5028: 5022: 5012: 5006: 4995: 4989: 4978: 4972: 4962: 4867:Sylvia Pankhurst 4832:Ramsay MacDonald 4678:Opposition Party 4644:had suggested a 4613:Alistair Darling 4195:Welsh Parliament 4124:. Miners in the 3986:election in 1979 3978:Grunwick dispute 3741:Ramsay MacDonald 3715:is a variant of 3687:Great Depression 3649:Ramsay MacDonald 3536:Sylvia Pankhurst 3525:Women's suffrage 3519:House of Commons 3507:The Labour Party 3438: 3431: 3427: 3424: 3418: 3395: 3387: 3279:John Stuart Mill 3256:Socialist League 3234:Communist League 3230:Friedrich Engels 3169:People's Charter 2950:electoral reform 2892: 2885: 2878: 2864:Organized Labour 2862: 2861: 2850: 2849: 2848: 2833: 2832: 2777:Workers' council 2414:Gracchi Brothers 1938:Social democracy 1681:Market socialism 1669:Project Cybersyn 1597:Soviet democracy 1582:Social ownership 1537:Internationalism 1517:Free association 1487:Common ownership 1403: 1380: 1379: 1370: 1363: 1356: 1340: 1339: 1338: 1328: 1327: 1316: 1315: 1228:Socialist Worker 1214:Race & Class 993:Northern Ireland 865:Social democracy 206:Anti-imperialism 176:Social democracy 146:Marxism–Leninism 64: 54: 37: 36: 21: 7967: 7966: 7962: 7961: 7960: 7958: 7957: 7956: 7927: 7926: 7925: 7915: 7910: 7908: 7898: 7893: 7891: 7887:from Wikisource 7881: 7876: 7874: 7864: 7859: 7857: 7847: 7842: 7840: 7836:from Wiktionary 7830: 7825: 7823: 7820: 7816:sister projects 7813:at Knowledge's 7807: 7795: 7783: 7771: 7761: 7759: 7749: 7747: 7735: 7725: 7723: 7711: 7703: 7701: 7696: 7679: 7660:Slovakia (1919) 7560:Alsace-Lorraine 7548: 7476: 7405: 7312: 7281: 7190: 7184: 7113: 7092: 6923: 6917: 6863: 6858: 6853: 6848: 6843: 6791: 6785: 6764:(Routledge 2002 6753:Hannam, Julie. 6736: 6714:Winter, Jay M. 6689:Rees, Jonathan. 6645:Manton, Kevin. 6583: 6581:Further reading 6539: 6534: 6533: 6523: 6521: 6513: 6512: 6508: 6498: 6496: 6487: 6486: 6482: 6467: 6466: 6462: 6447: 6446: 6442: 6432: 6430: 6427:The Independent 6418: 6414: 6404: 6402: 6401:on 11 June 2017 6391: 6387: 6370: 6366: 6356: 6354: 6351:The Independent 6342: 6338: 6328: 6326: 6321: 6320: 6316: 6306: 6304: 6303:. 18 April 2017 6295: 6294: 6287: 6277: 6275: 6270: 6269: 6265: 6255: 6253: 6251:Huffington Post 6243: 6239: 6225: 6223: 6211: 6207: 6194: 6192: 6189:The Independent 6180: 6176: 6166: 6164: 6153: 6152: 6148: 6138: 6136: 6124: 6120: 6110: 6108: 6095: 6091: 6081: 6079: 6078:on 5 March 2016 6064: 6060: 6050: 6048: 6037: 6036: 6032: 6022: 6020: 6009: 6008: 6004: 5989: 5988: 5984: 5974: 5972: 5959: 5955: 5945: 5943: 5928: 5927: 5923: 5913: 5911: 5902: 5901: 5897: 5887: 5885: 5884:on 4 March 2016 5870: 5869: 5865: 5855: 5853: 5848: 5847: 5843: 5827: 5826: 5822: 5812: 5810: 5809:on 3 March 2012 5801: 5800: 5796: 5786: 5784: 5775: 5774: 5770: 5760: 5758: 5747: 5746: 5742: 5734:The Independent 5725: 5721: 5704: 5700: 5687: 5686: 5682: 5669: 5668: 5664: 5654: 5652: 5637: 5636: 5632: 5613: 5612: 5608: 5598: 5596: 5585: 5584: 5580: 5570: 5568: 5555: 5554: 5550: 5531: 5530: 5526: 5507: 5506: 5502: 5483: 5482: 5478: 5467: 5463: 5452: 5448: 5440: 5436: 5421: 5414: 5406: 5402: 5395:Wiley-Blackwell 5387: 5383: 5371: 5367: 5355: 5351: 5339: 5335: 5328: 5310: 5306: 5288: 5284: 5270: 5266: 5259: 5245: 5238: 5228: 5226: 5213: 5209: 5199: 5197: 5186: 5185: 5181: 5171: 5169: 5161: 5160: 5156: 5141: 5137: 5127: 5125: 5117:British Library 5110: 5109: 5105: 5090: 5069: 5065: 5055: 5053: 5051: 5040: 5029: 5025: 5016:Books and Ideas 5013: 5009: 4996: 4992: 4979: 4975: 4964:Geoff Kennedy, 4963: 4959: 4954: 4905: 4872:Edward R. Pease 4808: 4788: 4761:hung parliament 4708: 4702: 4646:hung parliament 4639: 4633: 4621:Scottish Labour 4599:Better Together 4566: 4560: 4543:Socialist Party 4511:; the first in 4509:hung parliament 4485: 4479: 4436:Jim Fitzpatrick 4384:George Galloway 4365: 4359: 4338:Mayor of London 4327:Arthur Scargill 4319:Black Wednesday 4295:Sheffield Rally 4287:hung parliament 4276:Democratic Left 4237: 4173:Hugh MacDiarmid 4161:Irish Home Rule 4150: 4130:Arthur Scargill 4115:Ken Livingstone 4093:The Trotskyist 3998: 3966:James Callaghan 3906: 3904:1960s and 1970s 3833: 3757: 3737:guild socialist 3710: 3695:National Labour 3653:Zinoviev Letter 3633: 3595: 3558:. Their fellow 3548: 3527: 3487: 3481: 3439: 3428: 3422: 3419: 3408: 3396: 3385: 3308:1867 Reform Act 3296:1867 Reform Act 3288: 3236:. Engels' book 3223: 3211:1842 Mining Act 3153: 3118: 3045: 3039: 2995: 2990: 2966:Oliver Cromwell 2938: 2924:through to the 2896: 2856: 2846: 2844: 2827: 2820: 2819: 2790: 2782: 2781: 2772:Socialist state 2767:Socialist Party 2712:Economic system 2677: 2669: 2668: 2654: 2644: 2643: 2409: 2401: 2400: 1981: 1973: 1972: 1788:Democratic road 1723: 1713: 1712: 1639: 1631: 1630: 1577:Social dividend 1567:Sharing economy 1467: 1459: 1458: 1429: 1421: 1374: 1336: 1334: 1322: 1310: 1303: 1302: 1258: 1257: 1248: 1247: 1193:New Left Review 1173: 1172: 1163: 1162: 1121:Unite the Union 1075:UK Trade unions 1071: 1070: 1061: 1060: 1059: 1026:Scottish Labour 1021: 996: 989: 914:Socialist Party 899:Left Unity (UK) 850: 849: 840: 839: 820:Webb (Beatrice) 650: 649: 638: 637: 623: 622: 611: 610: 531: 530: 521: 520: 296: 295: 286: 285: 201:Anti-capitalism 196: 195: 186: 185: 129:Guild socialism 74: 73: 52: 50: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 7965: 7955: 7954: 7949: 7944: 7939: 7924: 7923: 7906: 7904:from Wikibooks 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6058: 6030: 6002: 5982: 5962:McAlpine, Joan 5953: 5921: 5895: 5863: 5841: 5820: 5794: 5768: 5740: 5719: 5698: 5680: 5662: 5630: 5606: 5578: 5548: 5524: 5500: 5476: 5461: 5446: 5434: 5412: 5400: 5397:. p. 427. 5381: 5365: 5349: 5333: 5326: 5304: 5301:. p. 124. 5282: 5264: 5257: 5236: 5207: 5179: 5154: 5135: 5103: 5088: 5063: 5049: 5023: 5007: 4990: 4973: 4956: 4955: 4953: 4950: 4949: 4948: 4943: 4942: 4941: 4936: 4931: 4921: 4916: 4911: 4904: 4901: 4900: 4899: 4894: 4889: 4884: 4879: 4874: 4869: 4864: 4859: 4857:Sydney Olivier 4854: 4852:William Morris 4849: 4847:Charles Marson 4844: 4839: 4834: 4829: 4824: 4819: 4814: 4807: 4804: 4796:Keir Starmer's 4790:Following the 4787: 4784: 4715:September 2015 4704:Main article: 4701: 4698: 4674:Harriet Harman 4635:Main article: 4632: 4629: 4615:, and through 4562:Main article: 4559: 4556: 4481:Main article: 4478: 4475: 4361:Main article: 4358: 4355: 4236: 4233: 4149: 4146: 4088:Campaign Group 4082:group, and a " 4072:Roy Hattersley 4052:Gerald Kaufman 3997: 3994: 3941:Eurocommunists 3937:Czechoslovakia 3905: 3902: 3879:Hugh Gaitskell 3837:Clement Attlee 3832: 3829: 3767:Canteen Fund" 3756: 3753: 3745:Clement Attlee 3709: 3706: 3664:General Strike 3632: 3629: 3594: 3591: 3560:impossibilists 3552:Daniel De Leon 3550:Supporters of 3547: 3544: 3526: 3523: 3483:Main article: 3480: 3477: 3465:Fabian Society 3441: 3440: 3399: 3397: 3390: 3384: 3381: 3287: 3284: 3260:William Morris 3222: 3219: 3192: 3191: 3188: 3185: 3182: 3179: 3176: 3152: 3149: 3122:Non-Conformist 3117: 3114: 3072:general unions 3065:general strike 3041:Main article: 3038: 3035: 2994: 2991: 2989: 2986: 2937: 2934: 2918:philanthropism 2898: 2897: 2895: 2894: 2887: 2880: 2872: 2869: 2868: 2867: 2866: 2854: 2842: 2822: 2821: 2818: 2817: 2812: 2807: 2802: 2797: 2791: 2788: 2787: 2784: 2783: 2780: 2779: 2774: 2769: 2764: 2759: 2754: 2749: 2744: 2739: 2734: 2729: 2727:Libertarianism 2724: 2719: 2714: 2709: 2704: 2699: 2694: 2689: 2684: 2678: 2676:Related topics 2675: 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1905: 1900: 1895: 1890: 1885: 1880: 1875: 1870: 1865: 1860: 1855: 1850: 1845: 1840: 1835: 1830: 1825: 1820: 1815: 1810: 1805: 1800: 1795: 1790: 1785: 1780: 1775: 1770: 1765: 1760: 1755: 1750: 1745: 1740: 1735: 1730: 1724: 1719: 1718: 1715: 1714: 1711: 1710: 1705: 1704: 1703: 1698: 1693: 1688: 1678: 1677: 1676: 1671: 1666: 1661: 1656: 1646: 1640: 1637: 1636: 1633: 1632: 1629: 1628: 1623: 1618: 1613: 1604: 1599: 1594: 1589: 1584: 1579: 1574: 1569: 1564: 1559: 1554: 1549: 1547:Labour voucher 1544: 1539: 1534: 1529: 1524: 1519: 1514: 1509: 1504: 1499: 1494: 1489: 1484: 1479: 1474: 1468: 1465: 1464: 1461: 1460: 1457: 1456: 1451: 1446: 1441: 1436: 1430: 1427: 1426: 1423: 1422: 1420: 1419: 1414: 1408: 1405: 1404: 1396: 1395: 1389: 1388: 1376: 1375: 1373: 1372: 1365: 1358: 1350: 1347: 1346: 1345: 1344: 1332: 1320: 1305: 1304: 1301: 1300: 1295: 1290: 1285: 1280: 1275: 1270: 1265: 1259: 1256:Related topics 1255: 1254: 1253: 1250: 1249: 1246: 1245: 1238: 1231: 1224: 1217: 1210: 1203: 1196: 1189: 1182: 1174: 1170: 1169: 1168: 1165: 1164: 1161: 1160: 1155: 1150: 1148:Left Book Club 1145: 1140: 1129: 1128: 1123: 1118: 1113: 1103: 1098: 1093: 1088: 1083: 1072: 1068: 1067: 1066: 1063: 1062: 1058: 1057: 1052: 1039: 1038: 1033: 1028: 1014: 1013: 1008: 1003: 988: 987: 982: 977: 972: 967: 962: 957: 952: 937: 936: 931: 926: 921: 916: 911: 906: 901: 896: 881: 880: 875: 851: 847: 846: 845: 842: 841: 838: 837: 832: 827: 822: 817: 812: 807: 802: 797: 792: 787: 782: 777: 772: 767: 762: 760:Marx (Eleanor) 757: 752: 747: 742: 737: 732: 727: 722: 717: 712: 707: 702: 697: 692: 687: 682: 677: 672: 667: 662: 657: 651: 645: 644: 643: 640: 639: 636: 635: 630: 624: 618: 617: 616: 613: 612: 609: 608: 601: 594: 587: 584:Ways of Seeing 580: 573: 566: 559: 554: 547: 540: 532: 528: 527: 526: 523: 522: 519: 518: 513: 508: 503: 498: 493: 488: 483: 478: 473: 468: 463: 458: 453: 448: 443: 438: 433: 428: 423: 418: 413: 408: 403: 398: 393: 388: 383: 378: 373: 371:Hall (Charles) 368: 363: 358: 353: 348: 343: 338: 333: 328: 323: 318: 313: 308: 303: 297: 293: 292: 291: 288: 287: 284: 283: 278: 276:Social justice 273: 268: 266:Sustainability 263: 261:Redistribution 258: 253: 248: 243: 238: 233: 228: 223: 218: 213: 208: 203: 197: 193: 192: 191: 188: 187: 184: 183: 178: 173: 168: 163: 158: 153: 131: 126: 121: 116: 111: 106: 101: 96: 91: 86: 81: 75: 71: 70: 69: 66: 65: 57: 56: 46: 45: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7964: 7953: 7950: 7948: 7945: 7943: 7940: 7938: 7935: 7934: 7932: 7921:from Wikidata 7920: 7919: 7907: 7903: 7902: 7890: 7886: 7885: 7873: 7869: 7868: 7856: 7852: 7851: 7839: 7835: 7834: 7822: 7821: 7818: 7812: 7804: 7799: 7794: 7792: 7787: 7782: 7780: 7775: 7770: 7768: 7758: 7756: 7746: 7744: 7739: 7734: 7732: 7722: 7720: 7715: 7710: 7709: 7706: 7695: 7690: 7676: 7673: 7671: 7668: 7666: 7663: 7661: 7658: 7656: 7653: 7651: 7648: 7646: 7643: 7641: 7638: 7636: 7633: 7631: 7628: 7624: 7621: 7619: 7616: 7615: 7613: 7611: 7610:Crimea (1919) 7608: 7606: 7603: 7601: 7598: 7596: 7593: 7591: 7588: 7584: 7581: 7579: 7576: 7575: 7573: 7571: 7568: 7566: 7563: 7561: 7558: 7557: 7555: 7551: 7545: 7542: 7540: 7537: 7535: 7532: 7530: 7527: 7525: 7522: 7520: 7517: 7513: 7510: 7508: 7505: 7504: 7503: 7500: 7498: 7495: 7493: 7490: 7489: 7487: 7483: 7473: 7472:South Vietnam 7470: 7468: 7465: 7463: 7460: 7458: 7455: 7453: 7450: 7448: 7445: 7443: 7440: 7438: 7435: 7433: 7430: 7428: 7425: 7423: 7420: 7418: 7415: 7414: 7412: 7408: 7400: 7399:North Vietnam 7397: 7396: 7395: 7392: 7390: 7387: 7385: 7382: 7380: 7377: 7375: 7372: 7370: 7367: 7365: 7362: 7360: 7357: 7355: 7352: 7348: 7345: 7343: 7340: 7338: 7335: 7334: 7332: 7330: 7327: 7325: 7322: 7321: 7319: 7315: 7309: 7306: 7304: 7301: 7299: 7296: 7294: 7291: 7290: 7288: 7284: 7278: 7275: 7273: 7270: 7268: 7265: 7263: 7260: 7258: 7255: 7253: 7250: 7248: 7245: 7241: 7238: 7236: 7233: 7232: 7230: 7228: 7225: 7223: 7220: 7218: 7215: 7213: 7210: 7208: 7205: 7204: 7202: 7198: 7195: 7193: 7187: 7181: 7178: 7176: 7173: 7171: 7168: 7166: 7163: 7161: 7158: 7156: 7153: 7151: 7148: 7146: 7143: 7141: 7138: 7136: 7133: 7131: 7128: 7126: 7123: 7122: 7120: 7116: 7110: 7109:United States 7107: 7105: 7102: 7101: 7099: 7095: 7089: 7086: 7082: 7079: 7078: 7076: 7072: 7069: 7068: 7067: 7066:United States 7064: 7062: 7059: 7057: 7054: 7052: 7049: 7047: 7044: 7042: 7039: 7037: 7034: 7032: 7029: 7027: 7024: 7022: 7019: 7017: 7014: 7012: 7009: 7007: 7004: 7002: 6999: 6995: 6992: 6990: 6987: 6983: 6980: 6979: 6978: 6975: 6974: 6972: 6970: 6967: 6963: 6960: 6959: 6958: 6955: 6953: 6950: 6946: 6945:New Australia 6943: 6942: 6941: 6938: 6936: 6933: 6932: 6930: 6926: 6921: 6914: 6909: 6907: 6902: 6900: 6895: 6894: 6891: 6884: 6880: 6877: 6874: 6873: 6868: 6865: 6864: 6857: 6847: 6835: 6831: 6829: 6825: 6821: 6819: 6815: 6811: 6808: 6804: 6801: 6797: 6793: 6792: 6790: 6777: 6773: 6770: 6766: 6763: 6759: 6756: 6752: 6749: 6745: 6742: 6739:Bruley, Sue. 6738: 6737: 6728: 6724: 6721: 6717: 6713: 6710: 6706: 6703: 6699: 6695: 6692: 6688: 6685: 6684: 6679: 6677: 6673: 6669: 6668: 6664: 6661: 6658: 6655: 6651: 6648: 6644: 6641: 6637: 6634: 6631: 6627: 6624: 6620: 6618:(2020): 1-21. 6617: 6613: 6610: 6606: 6603: 6599: 6596: 6592: 6589: 6585: 6584: 6574: 6570: 6565: 6564: 6561: 6557: 6553: 6552: 6549: 6545: 6541: 6540: 6520: 6516: 6510: 6495:. 4 July 2023 6494: 6490: 6484: 6476: 6475: 6474:New Statesman 6470: 6464: 6456: 6455: 6450: 6444: 6429: 6428: 6423: 6416: 6400: 6396: 6389: 6381: 6380: 6375: 6368: 6353: 6352: 6347: 6340: 6324: 6318: 6302: 6298: 6292: 6290: 6273: 6267: 6252: 6248: 6241: 6234: 6222: 6221: 6216: 6209: 6202: 6191: 6190: 6185: 6178: 6162: 6161: 6156: 6150: 6135: 6134: 6129: 6122: 6106: 6105: 6100: 6093: 6077: 6073: 6069: 6062: 6046: 6045: 6040: 6034: 6018: 6017: 6012: 6006: 5999:. 8 May 2015. 5998: 5997: 5992: 5986: 5971: 5967: 5963: 5957: 5941: 5937: 5936: 5931: 5925: 5909: 5905: 5899: 5883: 5879: 5878: 5873: 5867: 5852:. 19 May 2011 5851: 5845: 5838: 5834: 5830: 5824: 5808: 5804: 5798: 5782: 5778: 5777:"Party Notes" 5772: 5757:. 12 May 2010 5756: 5755: 5750: 5744: 5736: 5735: 5730: 5723: 5715: 5714: 5709: 5702: 5694: 5690: 5684: 5677:. 6 May 2005. 5676: 5672: 5666: 5650: 5646: 5645: 5640: 5634: 5626: 5622: 5621: 5616: 5610: 5595: 5593: 5588: 5582: 5566: 5562: 5558: 5552: 5544: 5540: 5539: 5534: 5528: 5520: 5516: 5515: 5510: 5504: 5496: 5492: 5491: 5486: 5480: 5472: 5465: 5457: 5450: 5443: 5442:Thompson 2006 5438: 5431:. p. 97. 5430: 5426: 5419: 5417: 5410:, p. 52. 5409: 5408:Thompson 2006 5404: 5396: 5392: 5385: 5379: 5375: 5374:Labor History 5369: 5363: 5359: 5353: 5347: 5343: 5337: 5329: 5327:9781786940025 5323: 5319: 5315: 5308: 5300: 5296: 5292: 5286: 5278: 5274: 5268: 5260: 5254: 5250: 5243: 5241: 5225: 5221: 5217: 5211: 5196: 5194: 5189: 5183: 5168: 5164: 5158: 5150: 5146: 5139: 5123: 5119: 5118: 5113: 5107: 5099: 5095: 5091: 5085: 5081: 5077: 5073: 5067: 5052: 5046: 5039: 5038: 5033: 5027: 5021: 5017: 5011: 5004: 5000: 4994: 4987: 4983: 4977: 4971: 4967: 4961: 4957: 4947: 4944: 4940: 4937: 4935: 4932: 4930: 4927: 4926: 4925: 4922: 4920: 4917: 4915: 4912: 4910: 4907: 4906: 4898: 4895: 4893: 4890: 4888: 4887:Beatrice Webb 4885: 4883: 4882:Graham Wallas 4880: 4878: 4875: 4873: 4870: 4868: 4865: 4863: 4860: 4858: 4855: 4853: 4850: 4848: 4845: 4843: 4840: 4838: 4835: 4833: 4830: 4828: 4827:Henry Hyndman 4825: 4823: 4820: 4818: 4817:G. D. H. Cole 4815: 4813: 4810: 4809: 4803: 4801: 4797: 4793: 4783: 4781: 4776: 4774: 4770: 4766: 4762: 4758: 4754: 4753:opinion polls 4750: 4746: 4742: 4741:snap election 4738: 4733: 4731: 4722: 4718: 4716: 4712: 4711:Jeremy Corbyn 4707: 4697: 4695: 4694:state pension 4691: 4687: 4681: 4679: 4675: 4671: 4667: 4663: 4659: 4658:David Cameron 4655: 4651: 4647: 4643: 4638: 4628: 4626: 4622: 4618: 4614: 4611: 4606: 4603: 4600: 4596: 4591: 4586: 4583: 4579: 4575: 4571: 4565: 4555: 4553: 4549: 4544: 4540: 4536: 4532: 4527: 4525: 4521: 4520:Awkward Squad 4516: 4514: 4510: 4506: 4502: 4498: 4494: 4490: 4484: 4474: 4472: 4468: 4464: 4460: 4455: 4453: 4449: 4445: 4441: 4437: 4433: 4432:Conservatives 4429: 4425: 4421: 4417: 4413: 4409: 4405: 4401: 4397: 4393: 4389: 4385: 4380: 4376: 4374: 4373:2003 Iraq War 4370: 4364: 4354: 4352: 4348: 4347: 4341: 4339: 4334: 4332: 4328: 4323: 4320: 4314: 4311: 4307: 4302: 4300: 4296: 4292: 4288: 4284: 4279: 4277: 4274:, formed the 4273: 4272: 4271:Marxism Today 4267: 4263: 4262: 4256: 4254: 4250: 4249:Poll tax riot 4246: 4242: 4232: 4230: 4226: 4222: 4220: 4219:Forward Wales 4216: 4212: 4208: 4204: 4200: 4196: 4192: 4187: 4185: 4180: 4178: 4174: 4170: 4166: 4162: 4158: 4154: 4145: 4143: 4139: 4135: 4131: 4127: 4123: 4118: 4116: 4112: 4108: 4104: 4100: 4096: 4091: 4089: 4085: 4081: 4077: 4073: 4069: 4064: 4062: 4058: 4053: 4049: 4048:Falklands War 4045: 4040: 4038: 4037:Liberal Party 4034: 4030: 4025: 4023: 4019: 4015: 4011: 4007: 4003: 4002:Jim Callaghan 3993: 3991: 3987: 3983: 3979: 3975: 3971: 3967: 3963: 3962: 3956: 3954: 3950: 3946: 3942: 3938: 3933: 3931: 3927: 3923: 3919: 3918:Harold Wilson 3915: 3911: 3901: 3899: 3898:Harold Wilson 3895: 3894:Gaitskellites 3891: 3886: 3884: 3883:Aneurin Bevan 3880: 3876: 3871: 3869: 3864: 3862: 3861:welfare state 3858: 3854: 3850: 3846: 3842: 3838: 3828: 3826: 3822: 3819: 3815: 3811: 3810:Joseph Stalin 3807: 3803: 3798: 3796: 3795: 3790: 3789:George Orwell 3786: 3782: 3777: 3774:In 1936, the 3772: 3766: 3761: 3752: 3750: 3746: 3742: 3738: 3734: 3730: 3726: 3722: 3718: 3714: 3705: 3703: 3698: 3696: 3692: 3688: 3684: 3680: 3675: 3673: 3669: 3665: 3660: 3658: 3654: 3650: 3646: 3642: 3638: 3628: 3625: 3623: 3619: 3618:Harry Pollitt 3615: 3611: 3606: 3604: 3600: 3590: 3588: 3583: 3581: 3577: 3576:Red Clydeside 3573: 3569: 3565: 3561: 3557: 3553: 3543: 3541: 3537: 3533: 3522: 3520: 3516: 3512: 3508: 3504: 3499: 3497: 3493: 3486: 3476: 3474: 3470: 3466: 3462: 3461: 3457:'s newspaper 3456: 3447: 3437: 3434: 3426: 3416: 3412: 3406: 3405: 3400:This section 3398: 3394: 3389: 3388: 3380: 3378: 3374: 3370: 3365: 3363: 3359: 3355: 3351: 3347: 3342: 3340: 3336: 3332: 3328: 3323: 3321: 3320:Conservatives 3317: 3316:Liberal Party 3313: 3309: 3303: 3301: 3300:Liberal Party 3297: 3293: 3292:Reform League 3283: 3280: 3276: 3271: 3269: 3265: 3261: 3257: 3252: 3250: 3246: 3241: 3239: 3235: 3231: 3227: 3218: 3216: 3212: 3208: 3203: 3201: 3197: 3189: 3186: 3183: 3180: 3177: 3174: 3173: 3172: 3170: 3166: 3161: 3158: 3148: 3146: 3142: 3138: 3134: 3129: 3127: 3123: 3113: 3111: 3107: 3103: 3099: 3094: 3092: 3087: 3085: 3081: 3077: 3073: 3068: 3066: 3062: 3058: 3054: 3050: 3044: 3034: 3032: 3028: 3023: 3019: 3014: 3012: 3008: 3004: 3000: 2985: 2983: 2979: 2975: 2971: 2967: 2963: 2959: 2955: 2954:trial by jury 2951: 2947: 2943: 2933: 2931: 2927: 2923: 2919: 2916: 2912: 2909:. Notions of 2908: 2904: 2893: 2888: 2886: 2881: 2879: 2874: 2873: 2871: 2870: 2865: 2860: 2855: 2853: 2843: 2840: 2836: 2831: 2826: 2825: 2824: 2823: 2816: 2813: 2811: 2808: 2806: 2803: 2801: 2798: 2796: 2795:Related lists 2793: 2792: 2786: 2785: 2778: 2775: 2773: 2770: 2768: 2765: 2763: 2760: 2758: 2755: 2753: 2752:Progressivism 2750: 2748: 2747:Nanosocialism 2745: 2743: 2740: 2738: 2735: 2733: 2730: 2728: 2725: 2723: 2720: 2718: 2715: 2713: 2710: 2708: 2705: 2703: 2700: 2698: 2695: 2693: 2690: 2688: 2685: 2683: 2680: 2679: 2673: 2672: 2665: 2662: 2660: 2657: 2656: 2653: 2652:Organizations 2648: 2647: 2640: 2639:Ocasio-Cortez 2637: 2635: 2632: 2630: 2627: 2625: 2622: 2620: 2617: 2615: 2612: 2610: 2607: 2605: 2602: 2600: 2597: 2595: 2592: 2590: 2587: 2585: 2582: 2580: 2577: 2575: 2572: 2570: 2567: 2565: 2562: 2560: 2559:van der Lubbe 2557: 2555: 2552: 2550: 2547: 2545: 2542: 2540: 2537: 2535: 2532: 2530: 2527: 2525: 2522: 2520: 2517: 2515: 2512: 2510: 2507: 2505: 2502: 2500: 2497: 2495: 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2079: 2077: 2074: 2072: 2069: 2067: 2064: 2062: 2059: 2057: 2054: 2052: 2049: 2047: 2044: 2042: 2039: 2037: 2034: 2032: 2029: 2027: 2024: 2022: 2019: 2017: 2014: 2012: 2009: 2007: 2004: 2002: 1999: 1997: 1994: 1992: 1989: 1987: 1984: 1983: 1980:Intellectuals 1977: 1976: 1969: 1966: 1964: 1961: 1959: 1956: 1954: 1951: 1949: 1946: 1944: 1941: 1939: 1936: 1934: 1931: 1929: 1926: 1924: 1921: 1919: 1916: 1914: 1913:Revolutionary 1911: 1909: 1906: 1904: 1901: 1899: 1896: 1894: 1891: 1889: 1886: 1884: 1881: 1879: 1876: 1874: 1871: 1869: 1866: 1864: 1861: 1859: 1856: 1854: 1851: 1849: 1848:Laissez-faire 1846: 1844: 1841: 1839: 1836: 1834: 1831: 1829: 1826: 1824: 1821: 1819: 1816: 1814: 1811: 1809: 1806: 1804: 1801: 1799: 1796: 1794: 1791: 1789: 1786: 1784: 1781: 1779: 1776: 1774: 1771: 1769: 1766: 1764: 1761: 1759: 1756: 1754: 1753:Authoritarian 1751: 1749: 1746: 1744: 1741: 1739: 1736: 1734: 1731: 1729: 1726: 1725: 1722: 1717: 1716: 1709: 1706: 1702: 1699: 1697: 1694: 1692: 1689: 1687: 1684: 1683: 1682: 1679: 1675: 1672: 1670: 1667: 1665: 1662: 1660: 1657: 1655: 1652: 1651: 1650: 1647: 1645: 1642: 1641: 1635: 1634: 1627: 1624: 1622: 1619: 1617: 1614: 1612: 1608: 1605: 1603: 1602:Strike action 1600: 1598: 1595: 1593: 1590: 1588: 1585: 1583: 1580: 1578: 1575: 1573: 1570: 1568: 1565: 1563: 1560: 1558: 1555: 1553: 1550: 1548: 1545: 1543: 1540: 1538: 1535: 1533: 1530: 1528: 1525: 1523: 1520: 1518: 1515: 1513: 1510: 1508: 1507:Equal liberty 1505: 1503: 1500: 1498: 1495: 1493: 1490: 1488: 1485: 1483: 1480: 1478: 1475: 1473: 1470: 1469: 1463: 1462: 1455: 1452: 1450: 1447: 1445: 1442: 1440: 1437: 1435: 1432: 1431: 1425: 1424: 1418: 1415: 1413: 1410: 1409: 1407: 1406: 1402: 1398: 1397: 1394: 1391: 1390: 1386: 1382: 1381: 1371: 1366: 1364: 1359: 1357: 1352: 1351: 1349: 1348: 1343: 1333: 1331: 1326: 1321: 1319: 1314: 1309: 1308: 1307: 1306: 1299: 1296: 1294: 1291: 1289: 1286: 1284: 1281: 1279: 1276: 1274: 1271: 1269: 1266: 1264: 1261: 1260: 1252: 1251: 1244: 1243: 1239: 1237: 1236: 1235:The Socialist 1232: 1230: 1229: 1225: 1223: 1222: 1218: 1216: 1215: 1211: 1209: 1208: 1204: 1202: 1201: 1200:New Statesman 1197: 1195: 1194: 1190: 1188: 1187: 1183: 1181: 1180: 1176: 1175: 1167: 1166: 1159: 1156: 1154: 1151: 1149: 1146: 1144: 1141: 1139: 1136: 1135: 1134: 1133: 1127: 1124: 1122: 1119: 1117: 1114: 1111: 1107: 1104: 1102: 1099: 1097: 1094: 1092: 1089: 1087: 1084: 1082: 1079: 1078: 1077: 1076: 1069:Organisations 1065: 1064: 1056: 1053: 1051: 1048: 1047: 1046: 1045: 1044: 1037: 1034: 1032: 1029: 1027: 1024: 1023: 1022: 1020: 1019: 1012: 1009: 1007: 1004: 1002: 999: 998: 997: 995: 994: 986: 983: 981: 978: 976: 973: 971: 968: 966: 963: 961: 958: 956: 953: 951: 948: 947: 946: 945: 944: 943: 935: 932: 930: 927: 925: 922: 920: 917: 915: 912: 910: 907: 905: 902: 900: 897: 895: 892: 891: 890: 889: 888: 887: 879: 876: 874: 871: 870: 869: 868: 867: 866: 859: 855: 844: 843: 836: 833: 831: 828: 826: 825:Webb (Sidney) 823: 821: 818: 816: 813: 811: 808: 806: 803: 801: 798: 796: 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