2942:(FBI) had investigated the SWP since 1940 and, in 1961, initiated a COINTELPRO program against it. The FBI said it had targeted the SWP because of its support for "such causes as Castro's Cuba and integration problems arising in the South". Under the COINTELPRO operation the FBI collected information about SWP members' political views, conducted up to 92 break-ins of the SWP's offices, and interfered in elections to damage SWP candidates' campaigns. FBI officials testified to the Church Committee that the SWP has "not been responsible for any violent acts nor has it urged actions constituting an indictable incitement to violence".
1871:
364:
2235:
branch work" and "formulate Appeal policies". Two delegates from the
Clarity caucus were in attendance. James Burnham vigorously attacked the Labour and Socialist International, the international organization of left-wing parties to which the Socialist Party belonged and tension rose along these lines among the Trotskyists. United action between the Clarity and Appeal groups was not forthcoming and an emergency meeting of Vincent Dunne and Cannon was held in New York with leaders of the various factions including Thomas,
7329:
1827:
2291:
bureaucratic expulsion of all the revolutionary members of the party who oppose and obstruct this sell-out policy". A convention was called by four
Socialist Party State Committees, the NEC of the YPSL and the organized Left Wing organizations of Chicago and New York, originally slated for Thanksgiving weekend, November 25–28, in Chicago, but it was soon postponed until December 31 "in order to provide adequate time for discussion by the membership" of important questions.
36:
2247:
decision to move toward a break with the party. Recognizing that the
Clarity faction had chosen to stand with the Altmanites and the Thomas group, Trotsky recommended that the Appeal group focus on disagreements over Spain to provoke a split. At the same time, Thomas, freshly returned from Spain, had concluded that the Trotskyists had joined the Socialist Party not to make it stronger, but to capture it for their own purposes.
1815:
2714:
ensure each citizen had equal rights under the law. "Many black nationalists turned to the
Socialist Workers Party because the SWP proposed that its black members collaborate with other militant African Americans", according to a group of historians studying the public service of African Americans. The SWP expanded the ideas of nationalism to African Americans and arguably expanded black nationalism for generations.
2722:. The SWP advocated that the antiwar movement call for the immediate withdrawal of all American troops and focus on organizing large, legal demonstrations for this demand. It was recognized by friend and foe alike as a major factor influencing the direction of the antiwar movement along these lines. One of the leaders of the antiwar movement at this time, along with
2173:
national branch referendum voted unanimously for entry. Negotiations commenced with the
Socialist Party leadership, with the admissions ultimately made on the basis of individual applications for membership rather than admission of the Workers Party and its approximately 2,000 members as a group. On June 6, 1936, the Workers Party's weekly newspaper,
2896:, a socialist weekly, as well as Pathfinder books, many of which feature Barnes's speeches and writings. SWP members are present in a handful of trade unions and take part in such activities as promoting Cuban solidarity, joining striking workers' picket lines, actions against racism and police brutality, opposing US imperialist wars, defending the
2835:, arguing that it failed to sufficiently distinguish between the democratic and socialist tasks of a workers' revolution. Barnes argued that anticapitalist revolutions typically began with a "workers' and farmers' government" that initially concentrated on bourgeois-democratic measures and only later moved on to the abolition of capitalism.
2792:
tensions between the SWP and the
International, when the SWP expelled the IT, the International refused to side with the IT. In 1974, the SWP expelled 115 members of the IT, the largest split since 1953. The IT disintegrated over the next few months, some of its supporters finding their way back into the SWP.
2535:. Dunayevskaya and her supporters eventually formed the News and Letters Committees in 1955 after splitting with James, who was deported from the United States to Britain, where he continued to advise the Correspondence Publishing Committee, which split again in 1962, with those loyal to James taking the name
2198:
that the entry of the
Trotskyists into the Socialist Party had been a contrived tactic aimed at stealing "confused young Left Socialists" for his own organization. The Trotskyists retained a common orientation with the radicalized Socialist Party in their opposition to the European war, their preference for
2791:
In 1974, the
Internationalist Tendency (IT) developed. The IT posed a greater challenge to the SWP leadership's relationship with the Fourth International, as the IT agreed with the Fourth International's advocacy of guerrilla warfare as a "tactic on a continental scale" in Latin America. But despite
2713:
The SWP provided a political ideology for
African Americans seeking equality in the early 20th century. Black nationalists were in favor of socialist policy and ideas. During the 1960s, the SWP had begun nominating African American candidates for president. The SWP hoped to change American values and
2379:
and that disagreements within the SWP should be debated only internally. Similar disagreements over the SWP's internal government have surfaced in most later faction fights, with most later opposition factions raising similar demands and accusations. Despite this, most of these later factions claimed
2888:
Defense
Committee, established after Curtis, an SWP activist and trade union organizer, was charged and convicted on burglary and rape charges in 1988. The party claimed that Curtis had been framed by police for his role in defending immigrant workers. Curtis was eventually paroled, but he was later
2849:
The opposition factions continued to support the theory of permanent revolution and the Trotskyist label: they anticipated that the SWP leadership was reassessing its place in the Fourth International. While declaring their support for the Cuban and the leftist Nicaraguan governments, they were more
2740:
The party also published many of Trotsky's works in these years through its publishing house, Pathfinder Press. Not only were the better-known writings reprinted, many for the first time since the 1930s, but other more obscure articles and letters were collected and printed for a wider audience than
2499:
The end of the war also saw the reorganization of the Fourth International in which the SWP played a major role. As part of this process, moves were made to heal the breach with Shachtman's supporters in the Workers Party (WP) and for the two groups to fuse. This eventually came to nothing, but some
2422:
of opposing the war politically while attempting to transform what they saw as an imperialist war into a civil war. The party lost a number of its members while sailing in extremely perilous convoys to Murmansk. Problems caused by some experienced leaders' imprisonment and many others' enlistment in
2225:
attracted nearly 188,000 votes in his 1936 Socialist Party run for President, but performed poorly in historic strongholds of the party. Moreover, the party's membership had begun to decline. The organization was deeply factionalized, with the Militant faction split into right ("Altmanite"), center
2290:
included a convention call from the so-called "Left Wing" to "All Locals and Branches of the Socialist Party", accusing the NEC of the party of having "betrayed the principles of socialism" by withdrawing the party's candidate for mayor of New York in favor of LaGuardia and for having ordered "the
2197:
At its inception, the entryist tactic was likely made in good faith. Historian Constance Myers writes that "initial prognoses for the union of Trotskyists and Socialists were favorable", but "constant and protracted contact caused differences to surface" later. Party leader Jim Cannon later hinted
2172:
In January 1936, just as the National Executive Committee of the Socialist Party was expelling the Old Guard for their factional organization and alleged "violation of party discipline", James Cannon and his faction won their internal battle in the Workers Party to join the Socialist Party, when a
2322:
It will utilize the crisis of capitalist rule engendered by the war to prosecute the class struggle with the utmost intransigence, to strengthen the independent labor and revolutionary movements, and to bring the war to a close by the revolutionary overthrow of capitalism and the establishment of
2234:
Prior to the March convention, the Trotskyist Socialist Appeal faction held an organizational gathering of their own in Chicago, with 93 delegates gathering on February 20–22, 1937. The meeting organized the faction on a permanent basis, electing a National Action Committee of five to "coordinate
2919:
The SWP has experienced an unusually long period of internal peace since, although it has declined steadily in both membership and political influence on the American left. Numerous recent expulsions—sometimes of long-standing SWP veterans—have contributed to the membership decline. In 2003, the
2269:
This was met with expulsions from the party beginning August 9 with a rump meeting of the Central Committee of Local New York, which expelled 52 New York Trotskyists by a vote of 48 to 2 (with 18 abstentions) and ordering 70 more to be brought up on charges. Wholesale expulsions followed, with a
2246:
Constance Myers indicates that three factors led to the Trotskyists' expulsion from the Socialist Party in 1937: the divergence between the official Socialists and the Trotskyist faction on the issues, the determination of Altman's wing of the Militants to oust the Trotskyists, and Trotsky's own
2242:
There was no action to expel the Trotskyist Appeal faction, but pressure continued to build along these lines, egged on by the Communist Party's increasingly vehement denunciations of Trotsky and his followers as wreckers and agents of international fascism. The convention passed a ban on future
2182:
They fear, in a word, that Soviet America will become the counterpart of what they have been told Soviet Russia looks like. Actually American soviets will be as different from the Russian soviets as the United States of President Roosevelt differs from the Russian Empire of Czar Nicholas II. Yet
2945:
Between 1960 and 1976, the FBI used 1,300 informants against the SWP and YSA, including 300 SWP/YSA members. The FBI's highest-placed member was Ed Heisler, who was a member of the SWP National Committee from 1977 to 1979. In 1986, the party won a lawsuit against the FBI as a result of years of
2846:. He argued that the SWP had more in common with these organizations than with many groups calling themselves Trotskyist. The SWP has continued to publish numerous books by Trotsky and advocate a number of ideas commonly associated with Trotskyism, including Trotsky's analysis of Stalinism.
2869:. Both groups called themselves "public factions" of the SWP and set the task of recapturing the SWP to their understanding of Trotskyism. Another group, mainly in Los Angeles, had been close to Breitman, belonged briefly to Socialist Action, and left to join the "regroupment" organization
2795:
In 1978, the SWP leadership decided that the key task was for party members to make a turn to industry. This turn entailed party members getting jobs in blue-collar industries in preparation for, the SWP leadership projected, increasing mass struggles. The 1977–1978 coal miners' strike and
2277:
The 1,000 or so Trotskyists who entered the Socialist Party in 1936 exited in the summer of 1937 with their ranks swelled by another 1,000. On December 31, 1937, representatives of this faction gathered in Chicago to establish a new political organization—the Socialist Workers Party.
2031:
and the failure of the communist and social democratic left to stop its rise created a situation where radical parties throughout the world reexamined their priorities and sought mechanisms for building united action. As early as December 1933, a Trotskyist splinter group called the
2596:
Meanwhile, throughout the 1950s and into the 1960s the remaining members of the SWP clung to its firmly held beliefs and grew older. Consequently, the party membership shrank over these years from a postwar high in 1948 until the tide began to turn in the early 1960s. The
2796:
developments like Steelworkers Fight Back were among the events pointed to in arguing for this change in policy. Party members sought to get jobs in the same workplaces in order to work as organized "fractions", doing "communist political work" as well as union activity.
2788:. It helped organize protests demanding legal abortion through the Women's National Abortion Action Coalition. With the mid-to-late 1970s decline of these movements and the end of the 1960s–1970s youth radicalization, SWP membership and influence went into decline.
2303:
On December 31, over 100 regular and fraternal delegates gathered in Chicago, where they were greeted by a speech of welcome delivered by Chicago leader Albert Goldman, a labor attorney. As editor of the Trotskyist movement's ongoing theoretical magazine,
2145:
and Trotskyist movements as well as radical individuals as the first step towards making the Socialist Party a mass party. Although there were no mass entries at this time, several radical oppositionists did make their way into the party, including former
2374:
The opposition faction alleged that Cannon's leadership of the SWP was "bureaucratic conservative" and demanded the right to its own publications to express its views outside the party. The majority faction said this was contrary to Lenin's concept of
2226:("Clarity") and left ("Appeal") factions, in addition to the radical pacifists led by Thomas. A special convention was planned for the last week of March 1937 to set the party's future policy, initially intended as an unprecedented "secret" gathering.
2082:
or SFIO) in order to recruit members for the Trotskyists, or so some critics have charged. The group retained its identity as a factional organization inside the SFIO and built a base among the party's youth section, continuing their activity until
2496:. There were also protests by GIs demanding rapid demobilization after the end of the war, sometimes called the going-home movement. The SWP participation in this upsurge led to a brief period of rapid growth for the SWP immediately after the war.
2861:. Together they formed an opposition bloc on the SWP's National Committee, but in 1983 both groups were expelled. The opposition factions, having split from the SWP, formed new organizations. The Weinstein group formed the San Francisco-based
2371:, held in addition that the Soviet Union had degenerated so far that it deserved no defense whatsoever. Like this debate, most later factional disputes within the SWP centered on different attitudes toward revolutions in other countries.
2920:
party sold its major headquarters building in New York City for $ 20 million and moved to another location in Manhattan. Party leaders Barnes and Mary-Alice Waters subsequently sold their West Village condominium for $ 1.87 million.
2761:
The growth of labor militancy in the early 1970s affected the SWP and currents developed within it urging a reorientation of the party toward this militancy. One such current was the Proletarian Orientation Tendency, which included
2294:
In December 1937, an agenda was published by the Convention Organizing Committee naming Cannon as the primary reporter on the Trade Union question, Shachtman on the Russian Resolution, Goldman on the Spanish Resolution, Canadian
7794:
2784:. This period was the peak of the SWP's growth and influence. The party continued its involvement in the movement against the war in Vietnam, which peaked in 1970–1971. The SWP also supported Chicano nationalism, including the
2327:
The convention devoted a full day to discussion of the labor movement's problems and the role of the new organization in the unions, with Cannon delivering the primary report. While criticizing the "reactionary role which the
2299:
on the International Resolution, Burnham on the Declaration of Principles of the new organization and Abern on Party Organization and Constitution. The gathering was to conclude with the election of a new National Committee.
7388:
2717:
Like many other left-wing groups, the SWP grew during the 1960s and experienced particularly brisk growth in early 1970s. Much of this was due to its involvement in many of the campaigns and demonstrations against the
2551:. The SWP's attempt at entryism into the growing civil rights movement, which continued uninterrupted out of World War II, could not fully offset these trends and the SWP experienced a period of decline and isolation.
2363:" and should be supported in any war with capitalist states, despite their opposition to Stalin's government. The minority faction, led by Shachtman, held that the Soviet Union should not be supported in its war with
2621:
Despite such growing signs of an end to the isolation the group endured during the McCarthyite period, it experienced a new split in the early 1960s. A number of small oppositional groups developed within the party.
2969:", which some view as signaling a break with Trotskyism. The SWP action followed the 1985 World Congress and the SWP closed Intercontinental Press in 1986. The SWP's international formation is sometimes called the
2709:
magazine. After his assassination, the SWP had limited success in forming alliances with his followers and other black nationalists. But these movements were part of the radicalization that aided the SWP's growth.
2523:(Forest), was impatient with the WP's caution and felt the situation could rapidly become pre-revolutionary. This led them to leave the WP and rejoin the SWP in 1947. This tendency had moved further away from the "
2448:
and threatened to cancel its third-class mailing permit, citing objections to its articles calling for violent overthrow of the government. The SWP said it was being persecuted for opposing racist discrimination.
4876:
Shachtman took out with him 40 percent of the membership, but this included 80 percent of the Trotskyist youth and left the party the minuscule sect it had been in Communist League of America years before
7381:
2141:
The Socialist Party was itself beset with factional disagreements. The party's left-wing Militant faction sought to expand the organization into an "all-inclusive party"—inviting in members of the
2243:
branch resolutions on controversial matters, an effort to rein in the activities of the factions at the local level. It also banned factional newspapers, establishing a national organ instead.
2221:
targeted to trade unionists and Socialist Party members and aimed at winning them over to Trotskyist views while Shachtman and Burnham handled the bulk of the faction's activities in New York.
7374:
2319:
If the working class is unable to prevent the outbreak of war, and the United States enters directly into it, our party stands pledged to the traditional position of revolutionary Marxism.
2020:, the CLA did not have more than 100 adherents in 1929. After five years of propaganda work, the CLA remained a tiny organization, with a membership of about 200 and very little influence.
2508:
grew dissatisfied with what they saw as the SWP's ultra-leftist attitude towards revolutionary policies. Eventually, they left the SWP in a state of demoralization and some joined the WP.
6795:
1245:
2352:
philosophy and other questions. The SWP experienced many other factional conflicts and splits in its history, but this was the largest and foreshadowed many features of those to come.
5888:
2799:
As a result, many members were asked to move and change jobs, often out of established careers and into low-paying jobs in small towns. Many of the older members with experience in
5871:
2892:
The SWP now focuses much of its energy on raising awareness about socialist ideas by running political candidates for office, holding weekly Militant Labor Forums and distributing
2671:". But a split developed within this faction between groups headed by the two men. Nonetheless, both the RT and the Reorganized Minority Tendency split to form the Spartacist (see
2411:). Those imprisoned included the main national leaders of the SWP and those members most prominent in the Midwest Teamsters. With Roosevelt's decision to increase the power of the
7341:
6399:
5881:
2701:
The SWP supported both the civil rights movement and the black nationalist movement that grew during the 1960s. It particularly praised the militancy of black nationalist leader
2210:, a commitment to trade union activism, and the defense of the Soviet Union as the first workers' state, while at the same time maintaining antipathy toward Stalin's government.
2730:, a World War II veteran and former leader of the garment workers union in New York City. Halstead was the SWP's 1968 presidential nominee and visited Vietnam in that capacity.
507:
502:
2769:
The international tensions developed further when the SWP and its co-thinkers established the Leninist Trotskyist Tendency in 1973 in order to contribute to the debate for the
2613:. Many of the new recruits were drawn from the student movement, unlike those who had led the party since the 1930s; as a result, the party's internal culture began to change.
2781:
2770:
2432:
The SWP was active in supporting labor strikes that occurred despite the wartime "no-strike pledge" and protests against racist discrimination during the war, such as
553:
5058:
6630:
7860:
7332:
5033:
4290:
53:
4278:
2816:
Opposition to the "turn to industry" developed within the SWP. This opposition was not homogeneous and was itself beset by differences among different factions.
2239:
and Gus Tyler of Clarity. At this meeting, Thomas pledged that the upcoming convention would make no effort to terminate the newspapers of the various factions.
2091:
made their position untenable. This tactic of "entering" the larger social democratic parties of each country, endorsed by Trotsky himself, became known as the "
2640:
The SWP successfully negotiated a reunification of the ISFI and the International Committee of the Fourth International, leading to the creation in 1963 of the
7814:
6349:
4286:
4282:
4258:
4150:
351:
2461:
both expected that there would be a wave of revolutionary struggles like those that accompanied the end of the previous war. Indeed, revolutions did occur in
5081:
4336:
2634:
4227:
were constitutionally unqualified for the presidency because Calero is not an American citizen and Hawkins was 29 years old, with the minimum age being 35.
2484:
The largest strike wave in United States history, involving over five million workers, occurred with the end of the war and the wartime pledge made by many
6392:
4332:
4274:
4266:
4262:
1453:
5346:
5299:
5271:
5243:
5215:
2605:. The result was a small accretion of youth to the party's ranks. In the same period, longtime SWP leader Murry Weiss won another group of youth from the
6335:
5734:
5706:
5678:
5650:
5622:
5594:
5566:
5538:
5510:
4328:
4270:
2332:
leadership has played", Cannon declared that "our party...takes a clear-cut position in favor of the earliest and completest possible unification of the
260:
5486:
5458:
5430:
5402:
5374:
4654:
If we had stood aside, the Stalinists would have gobbled up the Socialist Left Wing and it would have been used as another club against us, as in Spain.
2946:
spying and disruption. It was also found that Herbert Hill of the NAACP, a former SWP member, was an informant on the party after he left in the 1940s.
7397:
7840:
6319:
6289:
6276:
6255:
6234:
6221:
5985:
4228:
4199:
3342:
3298:
3166:
100:
7835:
7670:
7337:
7182:
4298:
2733:
The SWP was also increasingly outspoken in its defense of Castro's government and its identification with that government. A new leadership led by
1082:
7406:
This group includes only pre-1996 parties that fielded a candidate that won greater 0.1% of the popular vote in at least one presidential election
4319:
In 1972, Jenness was constitutionally unqualified for the presidency (under Article II, section 1) because Jenness was 31 years old. As a result,
72:
7855:
6385:
2838:
Barnes also argued that the Trotskyist label unnecessarily distinguished leftists in that tradition from leftists of other origins, such as the
2477:, to name only those that resulted in the overthrow of capitalism, but contrary to Trotskyist expectations they were headed by Moscow-oriented "
2348:
The 1940 split in the SWP followed an internal factional debate over the party's internal government, the class nature of the Russian state and
6649:
5863:
265:
5738:
5710:
5682:
5654:
5626:
5598:
5570:
5542:
5514:
6623:
2695:
2236:
79:
17:
6830:
6574:
6549:
5957:
4415:
2649:
1718:
1528:
2308:, Shachtman delivered the first official report to the gathering, dealing with the political situation in the United States. He declared:
7022:
6544:
2408:
1413:
544:
5321:
2383:
The minority faction led by Shachtman eventually split away almost 40% of the party's membership and 80% of its youth organization, the
7107:
7032:
6579:
2737:(who became national secretary in 1972) made identification with Cuba an ever-greater part of the SWP's politics throughout the 1970s.
1641:
1355:
323:
86:
5110:
7488:
7052:
2962:
2641:
2384:
2271:
1423:
488:
2547:
The brief postwar wave of labor unrest gave way to the conservatism of the 1950s, the reform of previously radical labor unions and
2162:. Goldman at this time also joined with YPSL leader Ernest Erber to establish a newspaper in Chicago with a Trotskyist orientation,
7713:
7686:
7659:
7632:
7618:
7604:
7590:
7576:
7572:
7545:
7531:
7504:
7477:
7463:
7449:
7267:
7092:
7027:
6875:
6616:
6511:
6311:
6298:
6285:
6264:
6243:
6230:
6217:
6204:
6191:
6178:
6149:
6136:
6115:
6102:
6089:
6076:
6063:
6050:
6037:
4170:
3825:
3786:
3747:
3708:
3669:
3630:
3591:
3552:
3513:
3469:
3425:
3381:
3337:
3293:
3249:
3205:
3161:
3117:
3075:
3035:
2853:
One opposition group rallied around the Weinsteins on the West Coast (with supporters elsewhere too), while another rallied around
2676:
2135:
1443:
1305:
464:
68:
7771:
7697:
7197:
7187:
7157:
6820:
6815:
6468:
2578:
1503:
1270:
2911:, arguing that "we need to fight to make abortion rarer by changing the social conditions that have led to its widespread use".
6780:
6640:
5835:
The Party: The Socialist Workers Party, 1960-1988. A Political Memoir. Volume 2: Interregnum, Decline, and Collapse, 1973-1988.
2803:
resisted this "colonization program", which upset their established routine in the unions, as did some of the younger members.
1946:. The SWP suffered many splits and its membership declined. The modern SWP is smaller than its progeny, such as the Trotskyist
1857:
1225:
687:
2250:
On June 24–25, 1937, a meeting of the Appeal faction's National Action Committee voted to ratchet up the rhetoric against the
2095:" and was replicated by various Trotskyist parties around the world. In 1934, the Communist League of America merged with the
6860:
6506:
6208:
6195:
5978:
5842:
3430:
3386:
1947:
1606:
1513:
1290:
2566:, the Secretary of the Fourth International, although Pablo disagreed with their wish to dissolve the Fourth International.
2488:
leaders not to strike for the duration, but this did not mean there were not many strikes during wartime as there were many
7172:
6952:
5048:
2843:
2337:
2203:
1448:
5140:
2993:
The SWP has run candidates for President since 1948. It received its greatest number of votes in 1976, when its candidate
7766:
7112:
7097:
6765:
6745:
6720:
6539:
6453:
2532:
2114:" tactic called for by the "French Turn" and a bitter debate swept the organization. Ultimately, the majority faction of
1215:
5025:
7809:
7799:
7746:
7741:
7232:
7067:
7062:
7037:
7012:
6840:
6755:
6473:
6463:
4647:
4530:
2441:
2104:
1951:
1724:
1563:
1533:
1433:
1280:
1255:
497:
449:
189:
7515:
7262:
7162:
7122:
7087:
6704:
6554:
6448:
5915:
5785:
4900:
1943:
1764:
1734:
1548:
1468:
1383:
1032:
119:
2900:
family, speaking out against attacks on democratic rights, and promoting the creation of a broad-based labor party.
7736:
7237:
7147:
7117:
7082:
6855:
6760:
6673:
6666:
6564:
6501:
5971:
5089:
4926:""Punishment of Mere Political Advocacy": The FBI, Teamsters Local 544, and the Origins of the 1941 Smith Act Case"
4160:
2866:
2255:
1538:
1473:
1463:
1285:
1230:
1210:
1205:
93:
5908:
2625:
One of the key issues was the Cuban Revolution and the SWP's response to it. Cannon and other SWP leaders such as
7865:
7804:
6458:
4235:, the SWP's ticket from 2000, stood in on the ballot in some states where Calero and Hawkins could not be listed.
2939:
2585:
as a revolutionary leader. This faction ended up leaving the SWP in 1958 after supporting the suppression of the
2412:
1418:
1250:
1235:
2316:
can succeed in resisting the inexorable tendencies that are pulling it into the vortex of the coming world war.
2177:
published its last issue and announced "Workers Party Calls All Revolutionary Workers to Join Socialist Party".
7776:
7102:
7017:
6725:
6438:
5335:
5288:
5260:
5232:
5204:
2827:
and others in the leadership away from the Trotskyist label. In 1982, Barnes gave a speech, later published as
2527:" of the SWP, producing tension. For example, they continued to hold the position that the Soviet Union was a "
2380:
political descent from Cannon and the SWP majority, not from earlier opposition factions and splinter parties.
1683:
1398:
609:
57:
2655:
The most important faction opposing the SWP leadership's new line was the Revolutionary Tendency (RT), led by
2601:
signaled a change in the SWP's political direction as it embarked on pro-Castro "solidarity work" through the
7366:
7347:
7077:
7072:
6775:
6559:
5475:
5447:
5419:
5391:
5363:
4137:
2904:
2388:
1458:
1438:
1190:
459:
429:
7192:
6865:
6531:
4067:
2850:
critical of the Castroist and Sandinista leadership. They also continued to oppose the "turn to industry".
2656:
2602:
2586:
2437:
2333:
2329:
2214:
2207:
2183:
communism can come in America only through revolution, just as independence and democracy came in America.
2033:
1586:
1518:
1508:
1408:
1295:
434:
225:
2973:
because they each operate a Pathfinder Bookstore that sells the publications of the SWP's publishing arm,
7845:
7292:
7272:
7252:
6932:
6699:
6684:
5482:
5454:
5426:
5398:
5370:
5342:
5295:
5267:
5239:
5211:
3997:
2965:
in 1990, though it had been increasingly inactive in the Trotskyist movement since Barnes's 1982 speech "
2512:
2505:
2419:
2164:
2159:
2001:
1995:
1769:
1601:
1568:
1523:
1403:
1315:
1195:
5103:
7556:
7242:
7212:
6947:
6810:
6516:
5900:
Socialist Workers Party records 1928-1990. Hoover Institution for War and Peace, Stanford, California.
4155:
2668:
2610:
2559:
2127:
2045:
1850:
1591:
1543:
1478:
1325:
483:
328:
179:
4814:"Convention Date Near, Locals Elect Delegates," Socialist Appeal, v. 1, no. 19 (Dec. 18, 1937), pg. 3.
4707:
The committee included Vincent Dunne, Albert Goldman, Max Shachtman, and Richard Babb Whitten. Myers,
2667:
and opposed joining the USFI. It was critical of the Castro government, arguing that Cuba remained a "
2652:, rejected the merger and turned against the SWP leadership, working with opponents within the party.
2052:
hunger march of the two organizations followed by a general strike. This suggestion was dismissed as "
7307:
7257:
7132:
7002:
6942:
6785:
6735:
6597:
4072:
4002:
3937:
2626:
2074:
Early in 1934, some French Trotskyists of the Communist League conceived of the idea of entering the
1488:
1330:
832:
604:
592:
383:
318:
7297:
6020:
5727:
5699:
5671:
5643:
5615:
5587:
5559:
5531:
5503:
3888:
2966:
2885:
2820:
2734:
2075:
1935:
1699:
1373:
992:
787:
478:
439:
149:
6608:
4372:
4198:
was constitutionally unqualified for the presidency because Calero is not an American citizen, so
2444:
was insufficient to address racist discrimination. The Post Office refused to mail some issues of
7600:
7227:
6770:
6740:
6496:
6377:
4788:"Left Wing Issues Convention Call: NY and Chicago Join Four State Committees in National Appeal,
3947:
2884:
The SWP's most high-profile and controversial campaign in the late 1980s and early 1990s was its
2862:
2839:
2687:
2589:, a position contrary to that of the SWP and other Trotskyist tendencies. It went on to form the
1978:
1729:
1714:
1260:
1220:
46:
2554:
The party also had a number of splits over these years. One saw the departure of the faction of
2531:" society. By 1951, their presence in the SWP was ever more anomalous and most left to form the
2004:(CLA), founded in 1928 by members of the CPUSA expelled for supporting Russian communist leader
7751:
7537:
7042:
6900:
6890:
6845:
6835:
6730:
6521:
5793:
Out Now!: A Participant's Account of the Movement in the United States Against the Vietnam War.
5029:
2743:
2672:
2262:
2259:
2096:
2088:
1934:
organization in the United States. During the 1960s and 1970s, the SWP and its youth wing, the
1428:
1388:
1340:
1335:
1037:
927:
534:
5897:
Myra Tanner Weiss Papers. Tamiment Library and Robert F. Wagner Archives, New York University.
7678:
7500:
7459:
7167:
7152:
6997:
6992:
6870:
5894:
David Loeb Weiss Papers. Tamiment Library and Robert F. Wagner Archives, New York University.
5828:
The Party: The Socialist Workers Party, 1960-1988. A Political Memoir. Volume 1: The Sixties.
5317:
4522:
4127:
2489:
2404:
2376:
1843:
1739:
1498:
1483:
1300:
642:
557:
514:
6805:
6418:
5947:
5887:
Max Shachtman Papers. Tamiment Library and Robert F. Wagner Archives, New York University.
5877:
James P. Cannon Papers. Wisconsin Historical Society, Madison. Also available on microfilm.
4601:
2955:
2832:
2458:
2313:
2251:
1970:
1831:
1779:
1754:
1704:
1378:
742:
565:
444:
410:
255:
5963:
5901:
5880:
Frank Lovell Papers. Tamiment Library and Robert F. Wagner Archives, New York University.
8:
7756:
7287:
7007:
6987:
6905:
6895:
6885:
6850:
6750:
6478:
6443:
6354:
5867:
4165:
2970:
2741:
they had when first distributed. The expansion of the press also allowed the SWP to host
2590:
2524:
2493:
2199:
2147:
1939:
1910:
1694:
1646:
1558:
1553:
1393:
1350:
1345:
1310:
1240:
1200:
1157:
987:
897:
817:
582:
493:
270:
5800:
FBI on Trial: The Victory in the Socialist Workers Party Suit Against Government Spying.
7781:
7651:
7445:
7127:
6982:
6186:
6173:
6165:
6157:
6097:
5186:
5007:
4867:
4633:
4516:
4310:
38,738 for DeBerry-Zimmerman, 6,264 for Pulley-Zimmerman, 4,029 for Congress-Zimmerman.
4132:
4082:
3679:
3523:
3479:
2958:
in the 1940s. It remained in close political solidarity with the Fourth International.
2433:
1870:
1611:
1493:
1062:
1027:
857:
782:
732:
722:
614:
524:
343:
4863:
7850:
7682:
7302:
6825:
6790:
6199:
6084:
6071:
6058:
5838:
5781:
5190:
5178:
5104:"Intelligence Activities and the Rights of Americans – Church Committee final report"
5011:
4999:
4979:
4945:
4906:
4896:
4643:
4526:
4122:
4107:
4037:
3992:
3972:
3796:
3757:
3718:
3435:
2870:
2824:
2777:
2747:, the FI magazine that moved from Paris to New York in 1969, which later merged with
2691:
2520:
1799:
1774:
1689:
1636:
1022:
977:
807:
672:
377:
5941:
4836:"Left Wing Delegates Found Socialist Workers Party at Convention in Chicago," pg. 2.
2889:
arrested in Chicago on prostitution-related charges and then expelled from the SWP.
7705:
7643:
7541:
7277:
7207:
7202:
7177:
6937:
6800:
6592:
6169:
5170:
4991:
4937:
4859:
4294:
4175:
4117:
3977:
3952:
2935:
2785:
2598:
2574:
2562:, which lasted until 1959. That 1953 opposition supported some of the positions of
2528:
1962:
1920:
1819:
1784:
1744:
1626:
1621:
1265:
1152:
1042:
957:
847:
777:
772:
667:
454:
415:
404:
205:
5158:
2690:
after protesting the alleged suppression of internal democracy, as did Murray and
707:
363:
7628:
7614:
7596:
7523:
7473:
7469:
7455:
7433:
7352:
7217:
7142:
7137:
7057:
7047:
6977:
6409:
6212:
6182:
6153:
6144:
6131:
6093:
6008:
5948:
University of Washington Libraries Digital Collections - Vietnam War Era Ephemera
5914:
George E. Rennar Papers. Labor Archives of Washington, University of Washington.
5174:
5144:
4324:
4022:
3957:
3912:
3907:
3876:
3674:
3562:
3518:
3474:
3391:
2907:, Betsey Stone announced the SWP's opposition to the constitutional amendment in
2854:
2723:
2360:
2296:
2151:
2115:
2057:
2037:
1891:
1709:
1651:
1002:
917:
902:
812:
797:
792:
712:
682:
677:
662:
652:
519:
422:
6268:
6247:
5907:
Melba Windoffer Papers. Labor Archives of Washington, University of Washington.
4221:
4195:
3254:
3210:
2265:(a favorite son of many in Socialist ranks) and to reestablish their newspaper,
7709:
7610:
7582:
7564:
7527:
7496:
7282:
6315:
6302:
6280:
6272:
6259:
6238:
5135:
4232:
4112:
4092:
4012:
3303:
3215:
3122:
3080:
3045:
2897:
2630:
2536:
2516:
1631:
1275:
1077:
1052:
1007:
982:
887:
767:
757:
657:
637:
576:
7396:
4823:"Left Wing Delegates Found Socialist Workers Party at Convention in Chicago,"
4430:
The Founding of the Socialist Workers Party: Minutes and Resolutions, 1938-39.
7829:
7655:
7624:
6251:
6161:
6123:
6119:
6110:
6106:
6080:
6067:
6054:
6045:
6041:
6014:
5182:
5003:
4949:
4639:
4254:
4224:
4102:
4087:
4077:
4052:
4017:
3962:
3932:
3922:
3882:
3835:
3830:
3791:
3752:
3713:
3640:
3635:
3601:
3596:
3259:
3040:
2774:
2763:
2727:
2660:
2368:
2222:
2155:
2142:
2123:
2119:
2084:
2041:
2013:
2009:
1958:
1906:
1903:
1895:
1674:
1162:
1137:
1132:
1112:
1107:
1087:
1072:
1057:
1047:
962:
942:
912:
877:
872:
837:
827:
802:
762:
702:
201:
4941:
4910:
7441:
7222:
6972:
6360:
6306:
6293:
6140:
5778:
Trotskyism and Maoism: Theory and Practice in France and the United States.
5053:
4925:
4097:
4047:
4042:
4027:
3987:
3942:
3927:
3902:
3557:
3171:
3127:
2994:
2858:
2664:
2606:
2563:
2555:
2501:
2425:
2356:
2355:
The majority faction, led by Cannon, supported Trotsky's position that the
2169:
later to serve as the organ of the Trotskyists inside the Socialist Party.
2049:
2028:
2005:
1974:
1927:
1915:
1899:
1596:
1127:
1067:
1012:
922:
892:
882:
867:
852:
822:
737:
727:
692:
632:
217:
5764:
Founding of the Socialist Workers Party: Minutes and Resolutions, 1938-39.
4995:
7586:
7568:
6657:
6225:
6127:
4890:
4546:
4416:"Fight against Jew-hatred! Defend Israel's right to exist, defend itself"
4320:
4057:
4007:
3917:
3347:
2819:
A further factor in the growing divisions within the SWP was the move by
2800:
2719:
2645:
2548:
2485:
2131:
2100:
2092:
2017:
1172:
1167:
1147:
1142:
1122:
1117:
1102:
1097:
1092:
1017:
972:
967:
937:
907:
752:
647:
529:
4871:
4847:
4352:
due to ballot malfunction, yielding 52,801; and 13,878 for Reed-DeBerry.
2954:
Due to legal constraints, the SWP ended its formal affiliation with the
2705:, who in turn spoke at the SWP's public forums and gave an interview to
2573:'s Global Class War faction, which called within the SWP for support of
1973:. This contrasts with other U.S. socialist organizations, which take an
6488:
6366:
5953:
4062:
3982:
3967:
2929:
2582:
2462:
2158:
supporter Herbert Zam and attorney and American Workers Party activist
2134:
refused to accept this result and split from the organization into the
1931:
1794:
1616:
932:
717:
570:
388:
244:
4892:
It didn't happen here : why socialism failed in the United States
7247:
4895:. Marks, Gary, 1952- (1st ed.). New York: W.W. Norton & Co.
4518:
International Trotskyism: A Documented Analysis of the World Movement
4032:
2702:
2570:
2478:
2400:
1789:
1679:
997:
952:
862:
747:
697:
539:
471:
398:
234:
230:
35:
6638:
6428:
5728:"Statistics of the Presidential and Congressional Election of 1948"
5700:"Statistics of the Presidential and Congressional Election of 1952"
5672:"Statistics of the Presidential and Congressional Election of 1956"
5644:"Statistics of the Presidential and Congressional Election of 1960"
5616:"Statistics of the Presidential and Congressional Election of 1964"
5588:"Statistics of the Presidential and Congressional Election of 1968"
5560:"Statistics of the Presidential and Congressional Election of 1972"
5532:"Statistics of the Presidential and Congressional Election of 1976"
5504:"Statistics of the Presidential and Congressional Election of 1980"
2985:
No SWP candidate has yet won a major contested, partisan election.
2749:
2679:, respectively, with the latter becoming aligned with Healy's SLL.
2111:
2069:
2053:
1656:
947:
842:
587:
393:
6407:
4253:
Because DeBerry did not qualify for ballot access in some states,
2876:
This was the most recent split or major faction fight in the SWP.
5936:
4965:
African Americans and the Presidency: The Road to the White House
4394:
4349:
2683:
2629:
saw Cuba as qualitatively different from the Stalinist states of
2466:
2364:
2349:
2024:
1966:
1749:
2110:
Throughout 1935, the Workers Party was deeply divided over the "
6424:
2492:
during this period as well as strikes officially called by the
2217:, a suburb of Los Angeles, to establish another new newspaper,
1759:
284:
5082:"Communists Capitalize on Village Sale—Get $ 1.87 M. for Loft"
2914:
1814:
5954:
Catalogue of the SWP publications within Tony Whelan's papers
5928:
5816:
Washington, D.C.: ACU Education and Research Institute, 1977.
2474:
2470:
2340:, and also the hitherto unaffiliated Railroad Brotherhoods".
2060:, but the seed of the idea of joint action had been planted.
2036:(CLS), headed by former Socialist Party youth section leader
5771:
The History of American Trotskyism: Report of a Participant.
2229:
1938:, were the third-largest socialist organizations, after the
5993:
2281:
7398:
Historical left-wing third-party U.S. presidential tickets
2126:
won the day and the Workers Party determined to enter the
7333:
State and local political parties (without national body)
4211:
5,151 votes for Calero-Kennedy, 2,424 for Harris-Kennedy.
305:
5316:
Berg-Andersson, Richard; Roza, Tony (December 1, 2009).
4545:
Constance Myers attributes this idea to Militant leader
5049:"California referendum is blow to women's emancipation"
4888:
4373:"Balance Sheet on the Socialist Workers Party (U.S.A.)"
4244:
3,677 votes for Calero-Hawkins, 7,411 for Harris-Trowe.
3895:
1898:. The SWP began as a group which, because it supported
6350:
History of the socialist movement in the United States
5821:
The Prophet's Army: Trotskyists in America, 1928-1941.
5159:"Herbert Hill and the Federal Bureau of Investigation"
4452:
The Prophet's Army: Trotskyists in America, 1928-1941.
4151:
History of the socialist movement in the United States
1969:" and "right to defend itself", especially during the
1957:
The SWP places a priority on "solidarity work" to aid
5850:
The Prophet's Children: Travels on the American Left.
5805:
LeBlanc, Paul; Bryan Palmer, and Thomas Bias (eds.),
4602:"Leon Trotsky: If America Should Go Communist (1934)"
2635:
International Secretariat of the Fourth International
4348:
83,380 for Jenness-Pulley, of which 30,579 votes in
2865:. The Breitman-Lovell group after a time formed the
5735:
Clerk of the United States House of Representatives
5707:
Clerk of the United States House of Representatives
5679:
Clerk of the United States House of Representatives
5651:
Clerk of the United States House of Representatives
5623:
Clerk of the United States House of Representatives
5595:
Clerk of the United States House of Representatives
5567:
Clerk of the United States House of Representatives
5539:
Clerk of the United States House of Representatives
5511:
Clerk of the United States House of Representatives
5096:
2829:
Their Trotsky and Ours: Communist Continuity Today,
261:
International Committee of the Fourth International
60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
7795:Third-party performances in presidential elections
5814:Trotskyism and Terror: The Strategy of Revolution.
5315:
2923:
2323:proletarian rule in the form of the workers state.
5809:In Three Volumes. Chicago: Haymarket Books, 2019.
4758:
4756:
4690:
4688:
4557:
4555:
2429:passed through a number of hands during the war.
2415:during this time, the arrests were made swiftly.
7827:
5837:Chippendale, Australia: Resistance Books, 2012.
4510:
4508:
4506:
4504:
4502:
4500:
4498:
4496:
4462:
4460:
4441:George Breitman, "Answers to Questions," pg. 21.
7861:Defunct Trotskyist parties in the United States
5830:Chippendale, Australia: Resistance Books, 2005.
4494:
4492:
4490:
4488:
4486:
4484:
4482:
4480:
4478:
4476:
2677:American Committee for the Fourth International
2274:(YPSL) leaving the party with the Trotskyists.
6650:List of political parties in the United States
5864:Tamiment Library and Robert F. Wagner Archives
4923:
4753:
4685:
4552:
2637:(ISFI), from which the SWP had split in 1953.
2511:Meanwhile, a faction within the WP called the
2423:the armed forces meant that the editorship of
2399:A number of members were imprisoned under the
2080:Section Française de l'Internationale Ouvrière
2000:The SWP traces its origins back to the former
1989:
266:United Secretariat of the Fourth International
7382:
6624:
6393:
5979:
5852:Atlantic Highlands, NJ: Humanity Press, 1994.
4801:"Convention Postponed for Wider Discussions,"
4457:
4454:Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1977; pg. 112.
2696:Committee for a Revolutionary Socialist Party
2694:. These groups later attempted to create the
2663:, which rejected the SWP's "capitulation" to
1851:
5958:Modern Records Centre, University of Warwick
5109:. II. United States Senate. April 26, 1976.
4962:
4473:
4428:George Breitman, "Answers to Questions," in
2949:
2633:. Their analysis brought them closer to the
69:"Socialist Workers Party" United States
2915:1990s and after: Internal peace and decline
2756:
7389:
7375:
6631:
6617:
6400:
6386:
5986:
5972:
4980:"How Black Nationalism Became Sui Generis"
4967:. New York, NY: Routledge. pp. 77–92.
4963:Glasrud, Bruce A.; Wintz, Cary D. (2009).
2418:The party put into practice the so-called
1965:. During the 2020s, the SWP has defended "
1858:
1844:
1356:World Socialist Party of the United States
6550:Puerto Rican Workers' Revolutionary Party
5318:"The Green Papers: 2008 General Election"
4924:Haverty-Stacke, Donna T. (June 1, 2013).
2988:
2831:in which he rejected Trotsky's theory of
2407:'s administration, including Cannon (see
2230:Split from the Socialist Party of America
2087:action between the SFIO and the mainline
1919:as a weekly newspaper. It also maintains
1424:Democratic Socialist Organizing Committee
489:Communist Party USA and African Americans
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
7841:1938 establishments in the United States
6545:All-African People's Revolutionary Party
5950:. Includes ephemera produced by the SWP.
5324:from the original on September 18, 2008.
5157:Phelps, Christopher (November 1, 2012).
4171:Socialist Equality Party (United States)
2282:Formation of the Socialist Workers Party
1869:
7836:Socialist Workers Party (United States)
5995:Socialist Workers Party (United States)
5468:
5440:
5412:
5384:
5328:
5281:
5253:
5225:
5197:
5079:
4848:"American Trotskyists: The First Years"
3870:
2500:SWP members who supported the views of
1642:A People's History of the United States
14:
7856:Communist parties in the United States
7828:
6781:Green Mountain Peace and Justice Party
6641:political parties in the United States
5720:
5692:
5664:
5636:
5608:
5580:
5552:
5524:
5496:
5492:from the original on December 2, 2019.
5464:from the original on December 2, 2019.
5436:from the original on December 2, 2019.
5408:from the original on December 2, 2019.
5380:from the original on December 2, 2019.
5352:from the original on December 2, 2019.
5305:from the original on December 2, 2019.
5277:from the original on December 2, 2019.
5249:from the original on December 2, 2019.
5221:from the original on November 4, 2022.
5156:
5036:from the original on December 9, 2008.
4631:
4514:
4408:
2905:California abortion proposition debate
2644:. Two sections of the ICFI, including
2581:presidential run in 1948 and regarded
1454:International Workingmen's Association
1226:Green Mountain Peace and Justice Party
7370:
6612:
6381:
5967:
5356:
5193:– via Academic Search Ultimate.
5061:from the original on November 6, 2022
5046:
4977:
4858:(1/2 (Spring/Summer 1977)): 133–151.
4845:
2012:. Concentrated almost exclusively in
5856:
5823:Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1977.
4846:Myers, Constance (August 13, 1977).
4805:v. 1, no. 12 (Oct. 30, 1937), pg. 1.
4432:New York: Monad Press, 1982; pg. 19.
4387:
3896:Prominent current and former members
2844:Sandinista National Liberation Front
2569:The next, smaller split was that of
2204:Congress of Industrial Organizations
1913:. Since the 1930s, it has published
1449:International Socialist Organization
58:adding citations to reliable sources
29:
27:Political party in the United States
6766:Freedom Road Socialist Organization
6454:Freedom Road Socialist Organization
5116:from the original on April 18, 2014
5040:
4827:v. II, no. 2 (Jan. 8, 1938), pg. 1.
4202:ran as an alternate in some states.
2980:
2811:
2533:Correspondence Publishing Committee
2040:and his wife Vera Buch, approached
1216:Freedom Road Socialist Organization
24:
7810:Progressivism in the United States
7800:Labor history of the United States
7742:Social Democratic Party of America
7338:Presidential nominating convention
6474:Revolutionary Communist Party, USA
6464:Party for Socialism and Liberation
5751:
5744:from the original on May 28, 2008.
5716:from the original on May 28, 2008.
5688:from the original on May 28, 2008.
5660:from the original on May 28, 2008.
5632:from the original on May 28, 2008.
5604:from the original on May 28, 2008.
5576:from the original on May 28, 2008.
5548:from the original on May 28, 2008.
5520:from the original on May 28, 2008.
5047:Stone, Betsey (November 5, 2022).
4792:v. 1, no. 8 (Oct. 2, 1937), pg. 1.
4635:The History of American Trotskyism
3865:
2806:
2773:. It argued for a reversal of the
2542:
2442:Fair Employment Practice Committee
2312:It is entirely inconceivable that
2105:Workers Party of the United States
1952:Party for Socialism and Liberation
1564:Workers Party of the United States
1534:Social Democratic Party of America
1281:Revolutionary Communist Party, USA
1256:Party for Socialism and Liberation
190:Workers Party of the United States
25:
7877:
6555:Revolutionary Black Panther Party
6449:Communist Party USA (Provisional)
5922:
5802:New York: Pathfinder Press, 1988.
5780:Brooklyn, NY: Autonomedia, 1988.
2286:The October 2, 1937 issue of the
1944:Students for a Democratic Society
1549:Students for a Democratic Society
1384:American Union of Associationists
1368:Inactive or defunct organizations
7737:Socialist Labor Party of America
7328:
7327:
6540:African People's Socialist Party
5942:James P. Cannon Internet Archive
5147:, Socialist Outlook, Spring 2008
4889:Lipset, Seymour Martin. (2000).
4852:Studies in Comparative Communism
4161:Democratic Socialists of America
2961:The SWP broke formally with the
2903:On November 5, 2022, during the
2867:Fourth Internationalist Tendency
2452:
1825:
1813:
1539:Socialist Labor Party of America
1474:Maoist Internationalist Movement
1464:Labor Party of the United States
1231:Green Party of the United States
1206:Democratic Socialists of America
362:
34:
7805:Liberalism in the United States
6459:New Afrikan Black Panther Party
5309:
5150:
5128:
5073:
5018:
4971:
4956:
4917:
4882:
4839:
4830:
4817:
4808:
4795:
4782:
4769:
4740:
4727:
4714:
4701:
4672:
4659:
4625:
4612:
4594:
4581:
4568:
4342:
4313:
4304:
4247:
4238:
4214:
4205:
4188:
2940:Federal Bureau of Investigation
2924:COINTELPRO and FBI infiltration
2457:After the war, the SWP and the
2394:
2385:Young People's Socialist League
2272:Young People's Socialist League
2206:over the trade unionism of the
2130:. A minority faction headed by
1419:Democratic Socialist Federation
1251:New Afrikan Black Panther Party
1236:Industrial Workers of the World
45:needs additional citations for
7815:Socialism in the United States
6439:Communist Party of Puerto Rico
5773:New York: Pioneer Press, 1944.
5080:Abelson, Max (July 10, 2007).
4539:
4444:
4435:
4422:
4365:
2686:branch also left to found the
2642:reunified Fourth International
2494:United Mine Workers of America
2440:. The SWP maintained that the
2190:If America Should Go Communist
1961:and is strongly supportive of
1607:International Socialist Review
1514:Revolutionary Socialist League
199:306 W. 37th Street, 13th floor
13:
1:
7348:Politics of the United States
4978:Scott, Daryl Michael (2012).
4864:10.1016/S0039-3592(77)80080-X
2879:
2343:
1191:Black Riders Liberation Party
430:1877 St. Louis general strike
18:Socialist Workers Party (USA)
7038:Democratic-Republican (1844)
6866:South Carolina Workers Party
5944:. Marxists Internet Archive.
5795:New York: Monad Press, 1978.
5766:New York: Monad Press, 1982.
5175:10.1080/0023656x.2012.732757
4359:
3009:Vice presidential candidate
2766:, and eventually dissolved.
2603:Fair Play for Cuba Committee
2587:Hungarian Revolution of 1956
2438:March on Washington Movement
2208:American Federation of Labor
2136:Revolutionary Workers League
2056:" by SP Executive Secretary
2034:Communist League of Struggle
1529:Social Democratic Federation
1519:Revolutionary Youth Movement
1509:Proletarian Party of America
1439:Independent Socialist League
1409:Communist League of Struggle
1296:South Carolina Workers Party
435:1912 Lawrence textile strike
7:
6575:Workers' Socialist Movement
5483:Federal Election Commission
5455:Federal Election Commission
5427:Federal Election Commission
5399:Federal Election Commission
5371:Federal Election Commission
5343:Federal Election Commission
5296:Federal Election Commission
5268:Federal Election Commission
5240:Federal Election Commission
5212:Federal Election Commission
5026:"The SWP—A Strangled Party"
4930:Journal of American History
4144:
2780:orientation adopted at the
2558:and Clarke, who formed the
2420:Proletarian Military Policy
2063:
2002:Communist League of America
1996:Communist League of America
1990:Communist League of America
1569:Young Patriots Organization
1524:Social Democracy of America
1404:Communist League of America
1316:Socialist Rifle Association
1196:Black Socialists in America
162:; 86 years ago
10:
7882:
6796:National Progressive Party
6721:African People's Socialist
5137:The FBI Against the US SWP
4515:Robert, Alexander (1991).
4220:In 2004, as in 1972, both
4156:Socialist Party of America
2927:
2611:Socialist Party of America
2128:Socialist Party of America
2067:
2046:Socialist Party of America
1993:
1984:
1930:, the SWP was the largest
1926:Until the collapse of the
1544:Socialist Party of America
1246:National Progressive Party
610:2007–2008 financial crisis
484:American Protective League
472:Repression and persecution
291:Members in elected offices
180:Socialist Party of America
7790:
7727:
7696:
7669:
7642:
7555:
7514:
7487:
7432:
7411:
7404:
7320:
7248:States Rights (Dixiecrat)
6965:
6925:
6918:
6713:
6692:
6683:
6656:
6647:
6598:List of communist parties
6588:
6530:
6487:
6417:
6342:
6328:
6030:
6001:
5937:Pathfinder Press homepage
5819:Myers, Constance Ashton,
5807:US Trotskyism, 1928-1965.
4632:Cannon, James P. (1944).
2950:International affiliation
2938:report of 1976, the U.S.
2089:Communist Party of France
1950:and the Marxist-Leninist
1211:Freedom Party of New York
605:1999 Seattle WTO protests
319:Politics of United States
314:
303:
298:
290:
277:
252:International affiliation
251:
224:
212:
195:
185:
175:
155:
145:
136:
6841:Socialism and Liberation
6512:Socialist Equality Party
5862:George Breitman Papers.
5756:
5336:"Federal Elections 2004"
5289:"Federal Elections 2008"
5261:"Federal Elections 2012"
5233:"Federal Elections 2016"
5205:"Federal Elections 2020"
4450:Constance Ashton Myers,
4181:
2757:1970s and new leadership
2616:
2560:American Socialist Union
1936:Young Socialist Alliance
1909:, was expelled from the
1832:United States portal
1700:Bill of Rights socialism
1444:International Socialists
1414:Communist Workers' Party
1374:American Indian Movement
1306:Socialist Equality Party
479:American Defense Society
440:Catholic Worker Movement
342:This article is part of
7762:Socialist Workers Party
7118:National States' Rights
6973:American (Know Nothing)
6821:Progressive Labor Party
6570:Socialist Workers Party
6497:Freedom Socialist Party
6469:Progressive Labor Party
5798:Jayko, Margaret (ed.),
5762:Breitman, George (ed.)
4257:ran as an alternate in
3006:Presidential candidate
2997:received 90,310 votes.
2688:Freedom Socialist Party
2669:deformed workers' state
2650:Socialist Labour League
2519:(known as Johnson) and
2513:Johnson-Forest Tendency
1979:Palestinian nationalism
1967:Israel's right to exist
1884:Socialist Workers Party
1715:Individualist anarchism
1321:Socialist Workers Party
1271:Progressive Labor Party
1261:Peace and Freedom Party
1221:Freedom Socialist Party
139:Socialist Workers Party
7866:Cuba solidarity groups
7538:William Jennings Bryan
6846:Serve America Movement
6836:Renew America Movement
5476:"Federal Elections 84"
5448:"Federal Elections 88"
5420:"Federal Elections 92"
5392:"Federal Elections 96"
5364:"Federal Elections 00"
2989:Presidential elections
2967:Their Trotsky and Ours
2744:Intercontinental Press
2682:In the aftermath, the
2367:. One of its leaders,
2325:
2185:
2154:, youth leader and ex-
2097:American Workers Party
2076:French Socialist Party
1879:
1389:American Workers Party
1341:Working Families Party
593:Poor People's Campaign
535:Seattle General Strike
7679:Robert M. La Follette
7601:George R. Kirkpatrick
7501:Charles E. Cunningham
7460:Barzillai J. Chambers
7253:Traditionalist Worker
6933:Democratic-Republican
6871:Social Democrats, USA
6861:Socialist Alternative
6580:World Socialist Party
6565:Socialist Labor Party
6507:Socialist Alternative
5012:10.5323/fire.1.2.0006
4996:10.5323/fire.1.2.0006
4942:10.1093/jahist/jat083
4549:and dates it to 1934.
4523:Duke University Press
4327:ran as alternates in
4194:In 2008, as in 2004,
4128:George Lavan Weissman
2840:Cuban Communist Party
2726:and many others, was
2405:Franklin D. Roosevelt
2377:democratic centralism
2310:
2306:The New International
2270:major section of the
2267:The Socialist Appeal.
2180:
2068:Further information:
1948:Socialist Alternative
1878:, the SWP's newspaper
1873:
1740:Libertarian socialism
1484:New American Movement
1301:Social Democrats, USA
1291:Socialist Alternative
515:Espionage Act of 1917
7108:National Renaissance
7033:Constitutional Union
6412:in the United States
6336:District of Columbia
6031:Presidential tickets
6002:National Secretaries
4642:. pp. 195–196.
3871:National Secretaries
2963:Fourth International
2956:Fourth International
2833:permanent revolution
2782:Ninth World Congress
2771:Tenth World Congress
2459:Fourth International
2314:American imperialism
2252:American Labor Party
2165:The Socialist Appeal
1977:position and defend
1820:Socialism portal
1780:Scientific socialism
1705:Democratic socialism
1379:American Labor Party
1185:Active organizations
566:Black power movement
445:Green Corn Rebellion
355:in the United States
256:Fourth International
54:improve this article
7757:Communist Party USA
7308:Youth International
7258:Unconditional Union
7163:Populist (People's)
7073:Independence (2007)
7068:Independence (1906)
7028:Constitution (1952)
7003:American Vegetarian
6943:National Republican
6786:Legal Marijuana Now
6736:American Solidarity
6479:Workers World Party
6444:Communist Party USA
6355:Pathfinder tendency
5868:New York University
5776:Fields, A. Belden,
5092:on October 2, 2008.
4777:The Prophet's Army,
4764:The Prophet's Army,
4748:The Prophet's Army,
4735:The Prophet's Army,
4722:The Prophet's Army,
4709:The Prophet's Army,
4696:The Prophet's Army,
4680:The Prophet's Army,
4667:The Prophet's Army,
4620:The Prophet's Army,
4589:The Prophet's Army,
4576:The Prophet's Army,
4563:The Prophet's Army,
4468:The Prophet's Army,
4418:. February 5, 2024.
4375:. September 2, 1990
4166:Communist Party USA
2971:Pathfinder tendency
2609:as they joined the
2591:Workers World Party
2525:orthodox Trotskyism
2215:Tujunga, California
2200:industrial unionism
1940:Communist Party USA
1911:Communist Party USA
1695:Anarcho-syndicalism
1647:Voluntary Socialism
1559:White Panther Party
1554:Weather Underground
1394:Black Panther Party
1351:Working Class Party
1346:Workers World Party
1311:Socialist Party USA
1241:Legal Marijuana Now
1201:Communist Party USA
583:March on Washington
494:Communist Party USA
384:Bishop Hill Commune
271:Pathfinder tendency
7846:COINTELPRO targets
7782:New Alliance Party
7752:Farmer–Labor Party
7747:Independence Party
7698:Progressive (1948)
7671:Progressive (1924)
7652:Theodore Roosevelt
7188:Progressive (1948)
7183:Progressive (1924)
7178:Progressive (1912)
7113:National Socialist
7093:Liberal Republican
7063:Human Rights Party
7023:Communist Workers'
6876:Socialist Equality
5769:Cannon, James P.,
5143:2008-12-27 at the
5014:– via JSTOR.
4952:– via JSTOR.
4133:Constance Weissman
3524:Matilde Zimmermann
3480:Matilde Zimmermann
3431:James "Mac" Warren
3387:James "Mac" Warren
2434:A. Philip Randolph
2263:Fiorello LaGuardia
1880:
1494:Nonpartisan League
1434:Human Rights Party
1429:Farmer–Labor Party
615:Occupy Wall Street
525:John Birch Society
450:Labor unionization
146:National Secretary
7823:
7822:
7730:left-wing parties
7723:
7722:
7683:Burton K. Wheeler
7364:
7363:
7316:
7315:
7233:Social Democratic
7228:Silver Republican
7198:Radical Democracy
7193:Proletarian Party
6961:
6960:
6914:
6913:
6881:Socialist Workers
6771:Freedom Socialist
6741:Christian Liberty
6606:
6605:
6522:Spartacist League
6410:communist parties
6375:
6374:
5857:Archival material
5843:978-0-902869-59-2
5833:Sheppard, Barry,
5826:Sheppard, Barry,
5812:McDonald, Larry,
5242:. December 2017.
5086:New York Observer
4825:Socialist Appeal,
4803:Socialist Appeal,
4790:Socialist Appeal,
4123:Myra Tanner Weiss
4108:Mary-Alice Waters
4038:Kathleen Mickells
3973:Raya Dunayevskaya
3863:
3862:
3797:Myra Tanner Weiss
3758:Myra Tanner Weiss
3719:Myra Tanner Weiss
3436:Kathleen Mickells
2934:According to the
2825:Mary-Alice Waters
2692:Myra Tanner Weiss
2673:Spartacist League
2579:Progressive Party
2521:Raya Dunayevskaya
2260:mayor of New York
2175:The New Militant,
1868:
1867:
1800:Utopian socialism
1775:Post-left anarchy
1690:Anarcho-communism
1637:The Other America
1336:Spartacist League
663:Bellamy (Francis)
378:Utopian socialism
337:
336:
324:Political parties
160:January 1938
130:
129:
122:
104:
16:(Redirected from
7873:
7706:Henry A. Wallace
7542:Thomas E. Watson
7430:
7429:
7426:running mate(s))
7424:(candidate(s) /
7391:
7384:
7377:
7368:
7367:
7331:
7330:
7243:Socialist (1901)
6963:
6962:
6923:
6922:
6901:Working Families
6856:Socialist Action
6851:Socialist (1973)
6801:Progressive Dane
6731:American Freedom
6690:
6689:
6633:
6626:
6619:
6610:
6609:
6593:Communism portal
6502:Socialist Action
6432:
6419:Marxist–Leninist
6402:
6395:
6388:
6379:
6378:
6329:Parties by state
5988:
5981:
5974:
5965:
5964:
5848:Wohlforth, Tim,
5791:Halstead, Fred,
5746:
5745:
5743:
5732:
5724:
5718:
5717:
5715:
5704:
5696:
5690:
5689:
5687:
5676:
5668:
5662:
5661:
5659:
5648:
5640:
5634:
5633:
5631:
5620:
5612:
5606:
5605:
5603:
5592:
5584:
5578:
5577:
5575:
5564:
5556:
5550:
5549:
5547:
5536:
5528:
5522:
5521:
5519:
5508:
5500:
5494:
5493:
5491:
5480:
5472:
5466:
5465:
5463:
5452:
5444:
5438:
5437:
5435:
5424:
5416:
5410:
5409:
5407:
5396:
5388:
5382:
5381:
5379:
5368:
5360:
5354:
5353:
5351:
5340:
5332:
5326:
5325:
5313:
5307:
5306:
5304:
5293:
5285:
5279:
5278:
5276:
5265:
5257:
5251:
5250:
5248:
5237:
5229:
5223:
5222:
5220:
5214:. October 2022.
5209:
5201:
5195:
5194:
5154:
5148:
5134:Dan Jakopovich,
5132:
5126:
5125:
5123:
5121:
5115:
5108:
5100:
5094:
5093:
5088:. Archived from
5077:
5071:
5070:
5068:
5066:
5044:
5038:
5037:
5022:
5016:
5015:
4975:
4969:
4968:
4960:
4954:
4953:
4921:
4915:
4914:
4886:
4880:
4879:
4843:
4837:
4834:
4828:
4821:
4815:
4812:
4806:
4799:
4793:
4786:
4780:
4773:
4767:
4760:
4751:
4744:
4738:
4731:
4725:
4718:
4712:
4705:
4699:
4692:
4683:
4676:
4670:
4663:
4657:
4656:
4629:
4623:
4616:
4610:
4609:
4606:www.marxists.org
4598:
4592:
4585:
4579:
4572:
4566:
4559:
4550:
4543:
4537:
4536:
4512:
4471:
4464:
4455:
4448:
4442:
4439:
4433:
4426:
4420:
4419:
4412:
4406:
4405:
4403:
4401:
4391:
4385:
4384:
4382:
4380:
4369:
4353:
4346:
4340:
4317:
4311:
4308:
4302:
4295:Richard Congress
4251:
4245:
4242:
4236:
4218:
4212:
4209:
4203:
4192:
4176:Pathfinder Mural
4118:David Loeb Weiss
3978:James T. Farrell
3953:Stephanie Coontz
3503:
3459:
3415:
3371:
3327:
3283:
3239:
3195:
3151:
3107:
3085:Malcolm Jarrett
3065:
3018:Electoral votes
3000:
2999:
2981:Election results
2975:Pathfinder Press
2936:Church Committee
2863:Socialist Action
2812:Internal affairs
2786:Raza Unida Party
2599:Cuban Revolution
2529:state capitalist
2409:Smith Act Trials
2288:Socialist Appeal
2193:
1971:Israel–Hamas war
1921:Pathfinder Press
1860:
1853:
1846:
1830:
1829:
1828:
1818:
1817:
1785:Social democracy
1755:Marxism–Leninism
1745:Market socialism
1627:Monopoly Capital
1622:Looking Backward
1587:Appeal to Reason
1286:Socialist Action
1266:Progressive Dane
1008:Parsons (Albert)
888:Heywood (Angela)
658:Bellamy (Edward)
545:Smith Act trials
465:Women's suffrage
455:Haymarket affair
416:Oneida Community
405:Looking Backward
366:
356:
339:
338:
310:
307:
283:
186:Preceded by
171:
170:
168:
163:
134:
133:
125:
118:
114:
111:
105:
103:
62:
38:
30:
21:
7881:
7880:
7876:
7875:
7874:
7872:
7871:
7870:
7826:
7825:
7824:
7819:
7786:
7729:
7719:
7692:
7665:
7638:
7629:James H. Maurer
7615:Seymour Stedman
7597:Allan L. Benson
7551:
7524:James B. Weaver
7510:
7483:
7474:Absolom M. West
7470:Benjamin Butler
7456:James B. Weaver
7425:
7423:
7421:
7419:
7417:
7415:
7413:
7407:
7400:
7395:
7365:
7360:
7357:
7353:Politics portal
7312:
7238:Socialist Labor
7218:Red Guard Party
7168:Personal Choice
7103:National (1917)
6998:American (1969)
6993:American (1924)
6978:Americans Elect
6957:
6919:Defunct parties
6910:
6709:
6679:
6652:
6643:
6637:
6607:
6602:
6584:
6560:Socialist Front
6526:
6483:
6422:
6421:
6413:
6406:
6376:
6371:
6338:
6330:
6324:
6026:
6009:James P. Cannon
5997:
5992:
5925:
5859:
5759:
5754:
5752:Further reading
5749:
5741:
5730:
5726:
5725:
5721:
5713:
5702:
5698:
5697:
5693:
5685:
5674:
5670:
5669:
5665:
5657:
5646:
5642:
5641:
5637:
5629:
5618:
5614:
5613:
5609:
5601:
5590:
5586:
5585:
5581:
5573:
5562:
5558:
5557:
5553:
5545:
5534:
5530:
5529:
5525:
5517:
5506:
5502:
5501:
5497:
5489:
5478:
5474:
5473:
5469:
5461:
5450:
5446:
5445:
5441:
5433:
5422:
5418:
5417:
5413:
5405:
5394:
5390:
5389:
5385:
5377:
5366:
5362:
5361:
5357:
5349:
5338:
5334:
5333:
5329:
5314:
5310:
5302:
5291:
5287:
5286:
5282:
5274:
5263:
5259:
5258:
5254:
5246:
5235:
5231:
5230:
5226:
5218:
5207:
5203:
5202:
5198:
5155:
5151:
5145:Wayback Machine
5133:
5129:
5119:
5117:
5113:
5106:
5102:
5101:
5097:
5078:
5074:
5064:
5062:
5045:
5041:
5032:. Summer 1986.
5024:
5023:
5019:
4976:
4972:
4961:
4957:
4922:
4918:
4903:
4887:
4883:
4844:
4840:
4835:
4831:
4822:
4818:
4813:
4809:
4800:
4796:
4787:
4783:
4774:
4770:
4761:
4754:
4745:
4741:
4732:
4728:
4719:
4715:
4706:
4702:
4693:
4686:
4677:
4673:
4664:
4660:
4650:
4630:
4626:
4617:
4613:
4600:
4599:
4595:
4586:
4582:
4573:
4569:
4560:
4553:
4544:
4540:
4533:
4513:
4474:
4465:
4458:
4449:
4445:
4440:
4436:
4427:
4423:
4414:
4413:
4409:
4399:
4397:
4393:
4392:
4388:
4378:
4376:
4371:
4370:
4366:
4362:
4357:
4356:
4347:
4343:
4325:Clifton DeBerry
4318:
4314:
4309:
4305:
4252:
4248:
4243:
4239:
4219:
4215:
4210:
4206:
4193:
4189:
4184:
4147:
4142:
4068:James Robertson
4023:Lyndon LaRouche
3958:Clifton DeBerry
3913:George Breitman
3908:Harry Braverman
3898:
3877:James P. Cannon
3873:
3868:
3866:Notable members
3847:
3846:
3808:
3807:
3769:
3768:
3730:
3729:
3691:
3690:
3675:Clifton DeBerry
3652:
3651:
3613:
3612:
3574:
3573:
3563:Willie Mae Reid
3535:
3534:
3519:Clifton DeBerry
3504:
3501:
3491:
3490:
3475:Melvin T. Mason
3460:
3457:
3447:
3446:
3416:
3413:
3403:
3402:
3392:Willie Mae Reid
3372:
3369:
3359:
3358:
3328:
3325:
3315:
3314:
3284:
3281:
3271:
3270:
3240:
3237:
3227:
3226:
3196:
3193:
3183:
3182:
3152:
3149:
3139:
3138:
3108:
3105:
3095:
3094:
3066:
3063:
2991:
2983:
2952:
2932:
2926:
2917:
2882:
2855:George Breitman
2814:
2809:
2807:1980s and after
2759:
2707:Young Socialist
2657:James Robertson
2619:
2545:
2543:Cold War period
2490:wildcat strikes
2455:
2403:of 1941, under
2397:
2346:
2297:Maurice Spector
2284:
2232:
2213:Cannon went to
2195:
2187:
2152:Benjamin Gitlow
2148:Communist Party
2072:
2066:
2058:Clarence Senior
2038:Albert Weisbord
1998:
1992:
1987:
1892:communist party
1864:
1826:
1824:
1812:
1805:
1804:
1710:Green anarchism
1670:
1662:
1661:
1592:Current Affairs
1582:
1574:
1573:
1369:
1361:
1360:
1186:
1178:
1177:
873:Haywood (Harry)
628:
620:
619:
520:First Red Scare
423:Progressive Era
374:
354:
352:
333:
304:
281:
269:
264:
259:
243:
238:
233:
200:
176:Split from
166:
164:
161:
159:
141:
140:
126:
115:
109:
106:
63:
61:
51:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
7879:
7869:
7868:
7863:
7858:
7853:
7848:
7843:
7838:
7821:
7820:
7818:
7817:
7812:
7807:
7802:
7797:
7791:
7788:
7787:
7785:
7784:
7779:
7777:Citizens Party
7774:
7772:People's Party
7769:
7764:
7759:
7754:
7749:
7744:
7739:
7733:
7731:
7725:
7724:
7721:
7720:
7718:
7717:
7710:Glen H. Taylor
7702:
7700:
7694:
7693:
7691:
7690:
7675:
7673:
7667:
7666:
7664:
7663:
7648:
7646:
7640:
7639:
7637:
7636:
7622:
7611:Eugene V. Debs
7608:
7594:
7583:Eugene V. Debs
7580:
7565:Eugene V. Debs
7561:
7559:
7553:
7552:
7550:
7549:
7535:
7528:James G. Field
7520:
7518:
7512:
7511:
7509:
7508:
7497:Alson Streeter
7493:
7491:
7485:
7484:
7482:
7481:
7467:
7453:
7446:Samuel F. Cary
7438:
7436:
7427:
7418:one percent of
7409:
7408:
7405:
7402:
7401:
7394:
7393:
7386:
7379:
7371:
7362:
7361:
7359:
7358:
7356:
7355:
7350:
7345:
7335:
7324:
7321:
7318:
7317:
7314:
7313:
7311:
7310:
7305:
7300:
7295:
7293:Young Patriots
7290:
7285:
7283:White Panthers
7280:
7275:
7270:
7265:
7260:
7255:
7250:
7245:
7240:
7235:
7230:
7225:
7220:
7215:
7210:
7205:
7200:
7195:
7190:
7185:
7180:
7175:
7170:
7165:
7160:
7158:People's Party
7155:
7150:
7145:
7140:
7135:
7130:
7125:
7120:
7115:
7110:
7105:
7100:
7098:Liberty (1840)
7095:
7090:
7085:
7080:
7075:
7070:
7065:
7060:
7055:
7053:Gold Democrats
7050:
7045:
7040:
7035:
7030:
7025:
7020:
7015:
7010:
7005:
7000:
6995:
6990:
6985:
6980:
6975:
6969:
6967:
6959:
6958:
6956:
6955:
6953:National Union
6950:
6945:
6940:
6935:
6929:
6927:
6920:
6916:
6915:
6912:
6911:
6909:
6908:
6903:
6898:
6893:
6888:
6883:
6878:
6873:
6868:
6863:
6858:
6853:
6848:
6843:
6838:
6833:
6828:
6823:
6818:
6813:
6808:
6803:
6798:
6793:
6788:
6783:
6778:
6773:
6768:
6763:
6758:
6753:
6748:
6743:
6738:
6733:
6728:
6723:
6717:
6715:
6711:
6710:
6708:
6707:
6702:
6696:
6694:
6687:
6681:
6680:
6678:
6677:
6670:
6662:
6660:
6654:
6653:
6648:
6645:
6644:
6636:
6635:
6628:
6621:
6613:
6604:
6603:
6601:
6600:
6595:
6589:
6586:
6585:
6583:
6582:
6577:
6572:
6567:
6562:
6557:
6552:
6547:
6542:
6536:
6534:
6528:
6527:
6525:
6524:
6519:
6514:
6509:
6504:
6499:
6493:
6491:
6485:
6484:
6482:
6481:
6476:
6471:
6466:
6461:
6456:
6451:
6446:
6441:
6435:
6433:
6415:
6414:
6405:
6404:
6397:
6390:
6382:
6373:
6372:
6370:
6369:
6364:
6357:
6352:
6346:
6344:
6343:Related topics
6340:
6339:
6334:
6332:
6326:
6325:
6323:
6322:
6309:
6296:
6283:
6262:
6241:
6228:
6215:
6202:
6189:
6176:
6147:
6134:
6113:
6100:
6087:
6074:
6061:
6048:
6034:
6032:
6028:
6027:
6025:
6024:
6023:(1972–present)
6018:
6012:
6005:
6003:
5999:
5998:
5991:
5990:
5983:
5976:
5968:
5962:
5961:
5956:. Held at the
5951:
5945:
5939:
5934:
5924:
5923:External links
5921:
5920:
5919:
5912:
5905:
5898:
5895:
5892:
5885:
5878:
5875:
5858:
5855:
5854:
5853:
5846:
5831:
5824:
5817:
5810:
5803:
5796:
5789:
5774:
5767:
5758:
5755:
5753:
5750:
5748:
5747:
5737:. April 1949.
5719:
5709:. April 1953.
5691:
5681:. April 1957.
5663:
5653:. April 1961.
5635:
5625:. April 1965.
5607:
5597:. April 1969.
5579:
5569:. April 1973.
5551:
5541:. April 1977.
5523:
5513:. April 1981.
5495:
5467:
5439:
5411:
5383:
5355:
5327:
5308:
5280:
5252:
5224:
5196:
5169:(4): 561–570.
5149:
5127:
5095:
5072:
5039:
5017:
4970:
4955:
4916:
4901:
4881:
4838:
4829:
4816:
4807:
4794:
4781:
4768:
4752:
4739:
4726:
4713:
4700:
4684:
4671:
4658:
4649:978-0873489546
4648:
4624:
4611:
4593:
4580:
4567:
4551:
4538:
4532:978-0822309758
4531:
4472:
4456:
4443:
4434:
4421:
4407:
4386:
4363:
4361:
4358:
4355:
4354:
4341:
4312:
4303:
4246:
4237:
4233:Margaret Trowe
4213:
4204:
4186:
4185:
4183:
4180:
4179:
4178:
4173:
4168:
4163:
4158:
4153:
4146:
4143:
4141:
4140:
4135:
4130:
4125:
4120:
4115:
4113:Eduard Limonov
4110:
4105:
4100:
4095:
4093:Morris Starsky
4090:
4085:
4080:
4075:
4073:Olga Rodriguez
4070:
4065:
4060:
4055:
4050:
4045:
4040:
4035:
4030:
4025:
4020:
4015:
4013:C. L. R. James
4010:
4005:
4000:
3998:Albert Goldman
3995:
3993:Richard Fraser
3990:
3985:
3980:
3975:
3970:
3965:
3960:
3955:
3950:
3945:
3940:
3935:
3930:
3925:
3920:
3915:
3910:
3905:
3899:
3897:
3894:
3893:
3892:
3886:
3880:
3872:
3869:
3867:
3864:
3861:
3860:
3858:
3856:
3854:
3851:
3848:
3844:
3843:
3841:
3838:
3833:
3828:
3822:
3821:
3819:
3817:
3815:
3812:
3809:
3805:
3804:
3802:
3799:
3794:
3789:
3783:
3782:
3780:
3778:
3776:
3773:
3770:
3766:
3765:
3763:
3760:
3755:
3750:
3744:
3743:
3741:
3739:
3737:
3734:
3731:
3727:
3726:
3724:
3721:
3716:
3711:
3705:
3704:
3702:
3700:
3698:
3695:
3692:
3688:
3687:
3685:
3682:
3677:
3672:
3666:
3665:
3663:
3661:
3659:
3656:
3653:
3649:
3648:
3646:
3643:
3638:
3633:
3627:
3626:
3624:
3622:
3620:
3617:
3614:
3610:
3609:
3607:
3604:
3599:
3594:
3588:
3587:
3585:
3583:
3581:
3578:
3575:
3571:
3570:
3568:
3565:
3560:
3555:
3549:
3548:
3546:
3544:
3542:
3539:
3536:
3532:
3531:
3529:
3526:
3521:
3516:
3510:
3509:
3507:
3505:
3500:
3498:
3495:
3492:
3488:
3487:
3485:
3482:
3477:
3472:
3466:
3465:
3463:
3461:
3456:
3454:
3451:
3448:
3444:
3443:
3441:
3438:
3433:
3428:
3422:
3421:
3419:
3417:
3412:
3410:
3407:
3404:
3400:
3399:
3397:
3394:
3389:
3384:
3378:
3377:
3375:
3373:
3368:
3366:
3363:
3360:
3356:
3355:
3353:
3350:
3345:
3340:
3334:
3333:
3331:
3329:
3324:
3322:
3319:
3316:
3312:
3311:
3309:
3306:
3304:Margaret Trowe
3301:
3296:
3290:
3289:
3287:
3285:
3280:
3278:
3275:
3272:
3268:
3267:
3265:
3262:
3257:
3252:
3246:
3245:
3243:
3241:
3236:
3234:
3231:
3228:
3224:
3223:
3221:
3218:
3216:Alyson Kennedy
3213:
3208:
3202:
3201:
3199:
3197:
3192:
3190:
3187:
3184:
3180:
3179:
3177:
3174:
3169:
3164:
3158:
3157:
3155:
3153:
3148:
3146:
3143:
3140:
3136:
3135:
3133:
3130:
3125:
3123:Alyson Kennedy
3120:
3114:
3113:
3111:
3109:
3104:
3102:
3099:
3096:
3092:
3091:
3089:
3086:
3083:
3081:Alyson Kennedy
3078:
3072:
3071:
3069:
3067:
3062:
3060:
3057:
3054:
3051:
3048:
3046:Margaret Trowe
3043:
3038:
3032:
3031:
3028:
3025:
3024:Ballot access
3022:
3019:
3016:
3013:
3012:Popular votes
3010:
3007:
3004:
2990:
2987:
2982:
2979:
2951:
2948:
2928:Main article:
2925:
2922:
2916:
2913:
2881:
2878:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2805:
2775:Latin American
2758:
2755:
2724:Dave Dellinger
2720:war in Vietnam
2631:Eastern Europe
2618:
2615:
2544:
2541:
2537:Facing Reality
2517:C. L. R. James
2506:Albert Goldman
2454:
2451:
2396:
2393:
2387:, forming the
2361:workers' state
2345:
2342:
2283:
2280:
2231:
2228:
2179:
2160:Albert Goldman
2103:, forming the
2065:
2062:
1994:Main article:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1983:
1866:
1865:
1863:
1862:
1855:
1848:
1840:
1837:
1836:
1835:
1834:
1822:
1807:
1806:
1803:
1802:
1797:
1792:
1787:
1782:
1777:
1772:
1767:
1762:
1757:
1752:
1747:
1742:
1737:
1732:
1727:
1722:
1712:
1707:
1702:
1697:
1692:
1687:
1677:
1671:
1669:Related topics
1668:
1667:
1664:
1663:
1660:
1659:
1654:
1652:Why Socialism?
1649:
1644:
1639:
1634:
1632:Monthly Review
1629:
1624:
1619:
1614:
1609:
1604:
1599:
1594:
1589:
1583:
1580:
1579:
1576:
1575:
1572:
1571:
1566:
1561:
1556:
1551:
1546:
1541:
1536:
1531:
1526:
1521:
1516:
1511:
1506:
1504:People's Party
1501:
1496:
1491:
1486:
1481:
1476:
1471:
1466:
1461:
1456:
1451:
1446:
1441:
1436:
1431:
1426:
1421:
1416:
1411:
1406:
1401:
1399:Citizens Party
1396:
1391:
1386:
1381:
1376:
1370:
1367:
1366:
1363:
1362:
1359:
1358:
1353:
1348:
1343:
1338:
1333:
1328:
1323:
1318:
1313:
1308:
1303:
1298:
1293:
1288:
1283:
1278:
1276:Redneck Revolt
1273:
1268:
1263:
1258:
1253:
1248:
1243:
1238:
1233:
1228:
1223:
1218:
1213:
1208:
1203:
1198:
1193:
1187:
1184:
1183:
1180:
1179:
1176:
1175:
1170:
1165:
1160:
1155:
1150:
1145:
1140:
1135:
1130:
1125:
1120:
1115:
1110:
1105:
1100:
1095:
1090:
1085:
1080:
1075:
1070:
1065:
1060:
1055:
1050:
1045:
1040:
1035:
1030:
1025:
1020:
1015:
1013:Parsons (Lucy)
1010:
1005:
1000:
995:
990:
985:
980:
975:
970:
965:
960:
955:
950:
945:
940:
935:
930:
925:
920:
915:
910:
905:
900:
895:
893:Heywood (Ezra)
890:
885:
880:
875:
870:
868:Haywood (Bill)
865:
860:
855:
850:
845:
840:
835:
830:
825:
820:
815:
810:
805:
800:
795:
790:
785:
780:
775:
770:
765:
760:
755:
750:
745:
740:
738:Davis (Angela)
735:
730:
725:
720:
715:
710:
705:
700:
695:
690:
685:
680:
675:
670:
665:
660:
655:
650:
645:
640:
635:
629:
626:
625:
622:
621:
618:
617:
612:
607:
596:
595:
590:
585:
580:
577:I Have a Dream
573:
568:
550:
549:
548:
547:
537:
532:
527:
522:
517:
512:
511:
510:
505:
498:labor movement
491:
486:
481:
468:
467:
462:
457:
452:
447:
442:
437:
432:
419:
418:
413:
408:
401:
396:
391:
386:
375:
372:
371:
368:
367:
359:
358:
348:
347:
335:
334:
332:
331:
326:
321:
315:
312:
311:
301:
300:
296:
295:
292:
288:
287:
279:
275:
274:
253:
249:
248:
228:
222:
221:
214:
210:
209:
197:
193:
192:
187:
183:
182:
177:
173:
172:
157:
153:
152:
147:
143:
142:
138:
137:
128:
127:
42:
40:
33:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7878:
7867:
7864:
7862:
7859:
7857:
7854:
7852:
7849:
7847:
7844:
7842:
7839:
7837:
7834:
7833:
7831:
7816:
7813:
7811:
7808:
7806:
7803:
7801:
7798:
7796:
7793:
7792:
7789:
7783:
7780:
7778:
7775:
7773:
7770:
7768:
7767:Liberty Party
7765:
7763:
7760:
7758:
7755:
7753:
7750:
7748:
7745:
7743:
7740:
7738:
7735:
7734:
7732:
7728:Other notable
7726:
7715:
7711:
7707:
7704:
7703:
7701:
7699:
7695:
7688:
7684:
7680:
7677:
7676:
7674:
7672:
7668:
7661:
7657:
7656:Hiram Johnson
7653:
7650:
7649:
7647:
7645:
7641:
7634:
7630:
7626:
7625:Norman Thomas
7623:
7620:
7616:
7612:
7609:
7606:
7602:
7598:
7595:
7592:
7588:
7584:
7581:
7578:
7574:
7570:
7566:
7563:
7562:
7560:
7558:
7554:
7547:
7543:
7539:
7536:
7533:
7529:
7525:
7522:
7521:
7519:
7517:
7513:
7506:
7502:
7498:
7495:
7494:
7492:
7490:
7486:
7479:
7475:
7471:
7468:
7465:
7461:
7457:
7454:
7451:
7447:
7443:
7440:
7439:
7437:
7435:
7431:
7428:
7410:
7403:
7399:
7392:
7387:
7385:
7380:
7378:
7373:
7372:
7369:
7354:
7351:
7349:
7346:
7343:
7339:
7336:
7334:
7326:
7325:
7323:
7322:
7319:
7309:
7306:
7304:
7301:
7299:
7296:
7294:
7291:
7289:
7288:White Patriot
7286:
7284:
7281:
7279:
7276:
7274:
7271:
7269:
7266:
7264:
7261:
7259:
7256:
7254:
7251:
7249:
7246:
7244:
7241:
7239:
7236:
7234:
7231:
7229:
7226:
7224:
7221:
7219:
7216:
7214:
7211:
7209:
7206:
7204:
7201:
7199:
7196:
7194:
7191:
7189:
7186:
7184:
7181:
7179:
7176:
7174:
7171:
7169:
7166:
7164:
7161:
7159:
7156:
7154:
7153:Patriot Party
7151:
7149:
7146:
7144:
7141:
7139:
7136:
7134:
7131:
7129:
7126:
7124:
7121:
7119:
7116:
7114:
7111:
7109:
7106:
7104:
7101:
7099:
7096:
7094:
7091:
7089:
7086:
7084:
7081:
7079:
7076:
7074:
7071:
7069:
7066:
7064:
7061:
7059:
7056:
7054:
7051:
7049:
7046:
7044:
7041:
7039:
7036:
7034:
7031:
7029:
7026:
7024:
7021:
7019:
7016:
7014:
7011:
7009:
7008:Black Panther
7006:
7004:
7001:
6999:
6996:
6994:
6991:
6989:
6988:American Nazi
6986:
6984:
6981:
6979:
6976:
6974:
6971:
6970:
6968:
6966:Third parties
6964:
6954:
6951:
6949:
6946:
6944:
6941:
6939:
6936:
6934:
6931:
6930:
6928:
6926:Major parties
6924:
6921:
6917:
6907:
6906:Workers World
6904:
6902:
6899:
6897:
6896:Working Class
6894:
6892:
6889:
6887:
6886:Transhumanist
6884:
6882:
6879:
6877:
6874:
6872:
6869:
6867:
6864:
6862:
6859:
6857:
6854:
6852:
6849:
6847:
6844:
6842:
6839:
6837:
6834:
6832:
6829:
6827:
6824:
6822:
6819:
6817:
6814:
6812:
6809:
6807:
6804:
6802:
6799:
6797:
6794:
6792:
6789:
6787:
6784:
6782:
6779:
6777:
6776:Forward Party
6774:
6772:
6769:
6767:
6764:
6762:
6761:Freedom Party
6759:
6757:
6754:
6752:
6749:
6747:
6744:
6742:
6739:
6737:
6734:
6732:
6729:
6727:
6724:
6722:
6719:
6718:
6716:
6712:
6706:
6703:
6701:
6698:
6697:
6695:
6691:
6688:
6686:
6685:Third parties
6682:
6676:
6675:
6671:
6669:
6668:
6664:
6663:
6661:
6659:
6658:Major parties
6655:
6651:
6646:
6642:
6634:
6629:
6627:
6622:
6620:
6615:
6614:
6611:
6599:
6596:
6594:
6591:
6590:
6587:
6581:
6578:
6576:
6573:
6571:
6568:
6566:
6563:
6561:
6558:
6556:
6553:
6551:
6548:
6546:
6543:
6541:
6538:
6537:
6535:
6533:
6529:
6523:
6520:
6518:
6515:
6513:
6510:
6508:
6505:
6503:
6500:
6498:
6495:
6494:
6492:
6490:
6486:
6480:
6477:
6475:
6472:
6470:
6467:
6465:
6462:
6460:
6457:
6455:
6452:
6450:
6447:
6445:
6442:
6440:
6437:
6436:
6434:
6430:
6426:
6420:
6416:
6411:
6403:
6398:
6396:
6391:
6389:
6384:
6383:
6380:
6368:
6365:
6363:
6362:
6358:
6356:
6353:
6351:
6348:
6347:
6345:
6341:
6337:
6333:
6331:and territory
6327:
6321:
6317:
6313:
6310:
6308:
6304:
6300:
6297:
6295:
6291:
6287:
6284:
6282:
6278:
6274:
6270:
6266:
6263:
6261:
6257:
6253:
6249:
6245:
6242:
6240:
6236:
6232:
6229:
6227:
6223:
6219:
6216:
6214:
6210:
6206:
6203:
6201:
6197:
6193:
6190:
6188:
6184:
6180:
6177:
6175:
6171:
6167:
6163:
6159:
6155:
6151:
6148:
6146:
6142:
6138:
6135:
6133:
6129:
6125:
6121:
6117:
6114:
6112:
6108:
6104:
6101:
6099:
6095:
6091:
6088:
6086:
6082:
6078:
6075:
6073:
6069:
6065:
6062:
6060:
6056:
6052:
6049:
6047:
6043:
6039:
6036:
6035:
6033:
6029:
6022:
6019:
6016:
6015:Farrell Dobbs
6013:
6010:
6007:
6006:
6004:
6000:
5996:
5989:
5984:
5982:
5977:
5975:
5970:
5969:
5966:
5959:
5955:
5952:
5949:
5946:
5943:
5940:
5938:
5935:
5933:
5931:
5927:
5926:
5917:
5913:
5910:
5906:
5903:
5899:
5896:
5893:
5890:
5886:
5883:
5879:
5876:
5873:
5869:
5865:
5861:
5860:
5851:
5847:
5844:
5840:
5836:
5832:
5829:
5825:
5822:
5818:
5815:
5811:
5808:
5804:
5801:
5797:
5794:
5790:
5787:
5786:0-936756-29-2
5783:
5779:
5775:
5772:
5768:
5765:
5761:
5760:
5740:
5736:
5729:
5723:
5712:
5708:
5701:
5695:
5684:
5680:
5673:
5667:
5656:
5652:
5645:
5639:
5628:
5624:
5617:
5611:
5600:
5596:
5589:
5583:
5572:
5568:
5561:
5555:
5544:
5540:
5533:
5527:
5516:
5512:
5505:
5499:
5488:
5485:. July 2009.
5484:
5477:
5471:
5460:
5457:. July 2009.
5456:
5449:
5443:
5432:
5429:. July 2009.
5428:
5421:
5415:
5404:
5401:. July 2009.
5400:
5393:
5387:
5376:
5373:. July 2009.
5372:
5365:
5359:
5348:
5345:. July 2009.
5344:
5337:
5331:
5323:
5319:
5312:
5301:
5298:. July 2009.
5297:
5290:
5284:
5273:
5270:. July 2013.
5269:
5262:
5256:
5245:
5241:
5234:
5228:
5217:
5213:
5206:
5200:
5192:
5188:
5184:
5180:
5176:
5172:
5168:
5164:
5163:Labor History
5160:
5153:
5146:
5142:
5139:
5138:
5131:
5112:
5105:
5099:
5091:
5087:
5083:
5076:
5060:
5056:
5055:
5050:
5043:
5035:
5031:
5027:
5021:
5013:
5009:
5005:
5001:
4997:
4993:
4989:
4985:
4981:
4974:
4966:
4959:
4951:
4947:
4943:
4939:
4935:
4931:
4927:
4920:
4912:
4908:
4904:
4902:0-393-04098-4
4898:
4894:
4893:
4885:
4878:
4873:
4869:
4865:
4861:
4857:
4853:
4849:
4842:
4833:
4826:
4820:
4811:
4804:
4798:
4791:
4785:
4778:
4772:
4765:
4759:
4757:
4749:
4743:
4736:
4730:
4723:
4717:
4710:
4704:
4697:
4691:
4689:
4681:
4675:
4668:
4662:
4655:
4651:
4645:
4641:
4640:Pioneer Press
4637:
4636:
4628:
4621:
4615:
4607:
4603:
4597:
4590:
4584:
4577:
4571:
4564:
4558:
4556:
4548:
4542:
4534:
4528:
4524:
4520:
4519:
4511:
4509:
4507:
4505:
4503:
4501:
4499:
4497:
4495:
4493:
4491:
4489:
4487:
4485:
4483:
4481:
4479:
4477:
4469:
4463:
4461:
4453:
4447:
4438:
4431:
4425:
4417:
4411:
4396:
4390:
4374:
4368:
4364:
4351:
4345:
4338:
4334:
4330:
4326:
4322:
4316:
4307:
4300:
4296:
4292:
4288:
4284:
4280:
4276:
4272:
4268:
4264:
4260:
4256:
4255:Andrew Pulley
4250:
4241:
4234:
4230:
4226:
4225:Arrin Hawkins
4223:
4217:
4208:
4201:
4197:
4191:
4187:
4177:
4174:
4172:
4169:
4167:
4164:
4162:
4159:
4157:
4154:
4152:
4149:
4148:
4139:
4136:
4134:
4131:
4129:
4126:
4124:
4121:
4119:
4116:
4114:
4111:
4109:
4106:
4104:
4103:Larry Trainor
4101:
4099:
4096:
4094:
4091:
4089:
4088:Carl Skoglund
4086:
4084:
4081:
4079:
4078:Max Shachtman
4076:
4074:
4071:
4069:
4066:
4064:
4061:
4059:
4056:
4054:
4053:George Novack
4051:
4049:
4046:
4044:
4041:
4039:
4036:
4034:
4031:
4029:
4026:
4024:
4021:
4019:
4018:Martin Koppel
4016:
4014:
4011:
4009:
4006:
4004:
4003:Joseph Hansen
4001:
3999:
3996:
3994:
3991:
3989:
3986:
3984:
3981:
3979:
3976:
3974:
3971:
3969:
3966:
3964:
3963:Farrell Dobbs
3961:
3959:
3956:
3954:
3951:
3949:
3946:
3944:
3941:
3939:
3938:Joseph Carter
3936:
3934:
3933:Grace Carlson
3931:
3929:
3926:
3924:
3923:James Burnham
3921:
3919:
3916:
3914:
3911:
3909:
3906:
3904:
3901:
3900:
3890:
3887:
3884:
3883:Farrell Dobbs
3881:
3878:
3875:
3874:
3859:
3857:
3855:
3852:
3849:
3842:
3839:
3837:
3836:Grace Carlson
3834:
3832:
3831:Farrell Dobbs
3829:
3827:
3824:
3823:
3820:
3818:
3816:
3813:
3810:
3803:
3800:
3798:
3795:
3793:
3792:Farrell Dobbs
3790:
3788:
3785:
3784:
3781:
3779:
3777:
3774:
3771:
3764:
3761:
3759:
3756:
3754:
3753:Farrell Dobbs
3751:
3749:
3746:
3745:
3742:
3740:
3738:
3735:
3732:
3725:
3722:
3720:
3717:
3715:
3714:Farrell Dobbs
3712:
3710:
3707:
3706:
3703:
3701:
3699:
3696:
3693:
3686:
3683:
3681:
3678:
3676:
3673:
3671:
3668:
3667:
3664:
3662:
3660:
3657:
3654:
3647:
3644:
3642:
3641:Paul Boutelle
3639:
3637:
3636:Fred Halstead
3634:
3632:
3629:
3628:
3625:
3623:
3621:
3618:
3615:
3608:
3605:
3603:
3602:Andrew Pulley
3600:
3598:
3597:Linda Jenness
3595:
3593:
3590:
3589:
3586:
3584:
3582:
3579:
3576:
3569:
3566:
3564:
3561:
3559:
3556:
3554:
3551:
3550:
3547:
3545:
3543:
3540:
3537:
3530:
3527:
3525:
3522:
3520:
3517:
3515:
3512:
3511:
3508:
3506:
3499:
3496:
3493:
3486:
3483:
3481:
3478:
3476:
3473:
3471:
3468:
3467:
3464:
3462:
3455:
3452:
3449:
3442:
3439:
3437:
3434:
3432:
3429:
3427:
3424:
3423:
3420:
3418:
3411:
3408:
3405:
3398:
3395:
3393:
3390:
3388:
3385:
3383:
3380:
3379:
3376:
3374:
3367:
3364:
3361:
3354:
3351:
3349:
3346:
3344:
3341:
3339:
3336:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3323:
3320:
3317:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3302:
3300:
3297:
3295:
3292:
3291:
3288:
3286:
3279:
3276:
3273:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3260:Arrin Hawkins
3258:
3256:
3253:
3251:
3248:
3247:
3244:
3242:
3235:
3232:
3229:
3222:
3219:
3217:
3214:
3212:
3209:
3207:
3204:
3203:
3200:
3198:
3191:
3188:
3185:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3170:
3168:
3165:
3163:
3160:
3159:
3156:
3154:
3147:
3144:
3141:
3134:
3131:
3129:
3126:
3124:
3121:
3119:
3116:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3103:
3100:
3097:
3090:
3087:
3084:
3082:
3079:
3077:
3074:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3061:
3058:
3055:
3052:
3049:
3047:
3044:
3042:
3041:Rachele Fruit
3039:
3037:
3034:
3033:
3029:
3026:
3023:
3020:
3017:
3014:
3011:
3008:
3005:
3002:
3001:
2998:
2996:
2986:
2978:
2976:
2972:
2968:
2964:
2959:
2957:
2947:
2943:
2941:
2937:
2931:
2921:
2912:
2910:
2906:
2901:
2899:
2895:
2890:
2887:
2877:
2874:
2872:
2868:
2864:
2860:
2856:
2851:
2847:
2845:
2841:
2836:
2834:
2830:
2826:
2822:
2817:
2804:
2802:
2797:
2793:
2789:
2787:
2783:
2779:
2778:guerrilla war
2776:
2772:
2767:
2765:
2764:Larry Trainor
2754:
2752:
2751:
2746:
2745:
2738:
2736:
2731:
2729:
2728:Fred Halstead
2725:
2721:
2715:
2711:
2708:
2704:
2699:
2697:
2693:
2689:
2685:
2680:
2678:
2674:
2670:
2666:
2662:
2661:Tim Wohlforth
2658:
2653:
2651:
2647:
2643:
2638:
2636:
2632:
2628:
2627:Joseph Hansen
2623:
2614:
2612:
2608:
2607:Shachtmanites
2604:
2600:
2594:
2592:
2588:
2584:
2580:
2576:
2575:Henry Wallace
2572:
2567:
2565:
2561:
2557:
2552:
2550:
2540:
2538:
2534:
2530:
2526:
2522:
2518:
2514:
2509:
2507:
2503:
2497:
2495:
2491:
2487:
2482:
2480:
2476:
2472:
2468:
2464:
2460:
2453:Postwar years
2450:
2447:
2443:
2439:
2435:
2430:
2428:
2427:
2421:
2416:
2414:
2410:
2406:
2402:
2392:
2390:
2389:Workers Party
2386:
2381:
2378:
2372:
2370:
2369:James Burnham
2366:
2362:
2358:
2353:
2351:
2341:
2339:
2335:
2331:
2324:
2320:
2317:
2315:
2309:
2307:
2301:
2298:
2292:
2289:
2279:
2275:
2273:
2268:
2264:
2261:
2257:
2253:
2248:
2244:
2240:
2238:
2227:
2224:
2223:Norman Thomas
2220:
2219:Labor Action,
2216:
2211:
2209:
2205:
2201:
2194:
2191:
2184:
2178:
2176:
2170:
2168:
2166:
2161:
2157:
2156:Jay Lovestone
2153:
2149:
2144:
2139:
2137:
2133:
2129:
2125:
2124:James Burnham
2121:
2120:Max Shachtman
2117:
2113:
2108:
2106:
2102:
2098:
2094:
2090:
2086:
2085:popular front
2081:
2077:
2071:
2061:
2059:
2055:
2051:
2047:
2043:
2042:Norman Thomas
2039:
2035:
2030:
2026:
2021:
2019:
2015:
2014:New York City
2011:
2010:Joseph Stalin
2007:
2003:
1997:
1982:
1980:
1976:
1972:
1968:
1964:
1960:
1955:
1953:
1949:
1945:
1941:
1937:
1933:
1929:
1924:
1922:
1918:
1917:
1912:
1908:
1907:Joseph Stalin
1905:
1904:Soviet leader
1901:
1897:
1896:United States
1893:
1889:
1885:
1877:
1872:
1861:
1856:
1854:
1849:
1847:
1842:
1841:
1839:
1838:
1833:
1823:
1821:
1816:
1811:
1810:
1809:
1808:
1801:
1798:
1796:
1793:
1791:
1788:
1786:
1783:
1781:
1778:
1776:
1773:
1771:
1768:
1766:
1763:
1761:
1758:
1756:
1753:
1751:
1748:
1746:
1743:
1741:
1738:
1736:
1733:
1731:
1728:
1726:
1725:Labor history
1723:
1720:
1716:
1713:
1711:
1708:
1706:
1703:
1701:
1698:
1696:
1693:
1691:
1688:
1685:
1681:
1678:
1676:
1675:American Left
1673:
1672:
1666:
1665:
1658:
1655:
1653:
1650:
1648:
1645:
1643:
1640:
1638:
1635:
1633:
1630:
1628:
1625:
1623:
1620:
1618:
1615:
1613:
1610:
1608:
1605:
1603:
1600:
1598:
1595:
1593:
1590:
1588:
1585:
1584:
1578:
1577:
1570:
1567:
1565:
1562:
1560:
1557:
1555:
1552:
1550:
1547:
1545:
1542:
1540:
1537:
1535:
1532:
1530:
1527:
1525:
1522:
1520:
1517:
1515:
1512:
1510:
1507:
1505:
1502:
1500:
1499:Patriot Party
1497:
1495:
1492:
1490:
1487:
1485:
1482:
1480:
1477:
1475:
1472:
1470:
1467:
1465:
1462:
1460:
1459:Justice Party
1457:
1455:
1452:
1450:
1447:
1445:
1442:
1440:
1437:
1435:
1432:
1430:
1427:
1425:
1422:
1420:
1417:
1415:
1412:
1410:
1407:
1405:
1402:
1400:
1397:
1395:
1392:
1390:
1387:
1385:
1382:
1380:
1377:
1375:
1372:
1371:
1365:
1364:
1357:
1354:
1352:
1349:
1347:
1344:
1342:
1339:
1337:
1334:
1332:
1329:
1327:
1324:
1322:
1319:
1317:
1314:
1312:
1309:
1307:
1304:
1302:
1299:
1297:
1294:
1292:
1289:
1287:
1284:
1282:
1279:
1277:
1274:
1272:
1269:
1267:
1264:
1262:
1259:
1257:
1254:
1252:
1249:
1247:
1244:
1242:
1239:
1237:
1234:
1232:
1229:
1227:
1224:
1222:
1219:
1217:
1214:
1212:
1209:
1207:
1204:
1202:
1199:
1197:
1194:
1192:
1189:
1188:
1182:
1181:
1174:
1171:
1169:
1166:
1164:
1161:
1159:
1156:
1154:
1151:
1149:
1146:
1144:
1141:
1139:
1136:
1134:
1131:
1129:
1126:
1124:
1121:
1119:
1116:
1114:
1111:
1109:
1106:
1104:
1101:
1099:
1096:
1094:
1091:
1089:
1086:
1084:
1081:
1079:
1076:
1074:
1071:
1069:
1066:
1064:
1061:
1059:
1056:
1054:
1051:
1049:
1046:
1044:
1041:
1039:
1036:
1034:
1031:
1029:
1026:
1024:
1021:
1019:
1016:
1014:
1011:
1009:
1006:
1004:
1001:
999:
996:
994:
993:Ocasio-Cortez
991:
989:
986:
984:
981:
979:
976:
974:
971:
969:
966:
964:
961:
959:
956:
954:
951:
949:
946:
944:
941:
939:
936:
934:
931:
929:
926:
924:
921:
919:
916:
914:
911:
909:
906:
904:
901:
899:
896:
894:
891:
889:
886:
884:
881:
879:
876:
874:
871:
869:
866:
864:
861:
859:
856:
854:
851:
849:
846:
844:
841:
839:
836:
834:
831:
829:
826:
824:
821:
819:
816:
814:
811:
809:
806:
804:
801:
799:
796:
794:
791:
789:
786:
784:
781:
779:
776:
774:
771:
769:
766:
764:
761:
759:
756:
754:
751:
749:
746:
744:
741:
739:
736:
734:
731:
729:
726:
724:
721:
719:
716:
714:
711:
709:
706:
704:
701:
699:
696:
694:
691:
689:
686:
684:
681:
679:
676:
674:
671:
669:
666:
664:
661:
659:
656:
654:
651:
649:
646:
644:
641:
639:
636:
634:
631:
630:
624:
623:
616:
613:
611:
608:
606:
603:
602:
601:
600:
594:
591:
589:
586:
584:
581:
578:
574:
572:
569:
567:
564:
563:
562:
561:
559:
555:
546:
543:
542:
541:
538:
536:
533:
531:
528:
526:
523:
521:
518:
516:
513:
509:
506:
504:
501:
500:
499:
495:
492:
490:
487:
485:
482:
480:
477:
476:
475:
474:
473:
466:
463:
461:
458:
456:
453:
451:
448:
446:
443:
441:
438:
436:
433:
431:
428:
427:
426:
425:
424:
417:
414:
412:
409:
407:
406:
402:
400:
397:
395:
392:
390:
387:
385:
382:
381:
380:
379:
370:
369:
365:
361:
360:
357:
350:
349:
345:
341:
340:
330:
327:
325:
322:
320:
317:
316:
313:
309:
302:
297:
293:
289:
286:
280:
276:
272:
267:
262:
257:
254:
250:
247:(until 1980s)
246:
241:
236:
232:
229:
227:
223:
220:
219:
215:
211:
207:
203:
202:New York City
198:
194:
191:
188:
184:
181:
178:
174:
158:
154:
151:
148:
144:
135:
132:
124:
121:
113:
102:
99:
95:
92:
88:
85:
81:
78:
74:
71: –
70:
66:
65:Find sources:
59:
55:
49:
48:
43:This article
41:
37:
32:
31:
19:
7761:
7442:Peter Cooper
7422:popular vote
7420:the national
7416:won at least
7414:tickets that
7412:Presidential
7273:Union (1936)
7268:Union (1861)
7263:Union (1850)
7128:New Alliance
7088:Labor (1996)
7083:Labor (1919)
7043:Farmer–Labor
6983:Anti-Masonic
6880:
6756:Constitution
6672:
6665:
6569:
6361:The Militant
6359:
5994:
5930:The Militant
5929:
5870:, New York.
5849:
5834:
5827:
5820:
5813:
5806:
5799:
5792:
5777:
5770:
5763:
5722:
5694:
5666:
5638:
5610:
5582:
5554:
5526:
5498:
5470:
5442:
5414:
5386:
5358:
5330:
5311:
5283:
5255:
5227:
5199:
5166:
5162:
5152:
5136:
5130:
5118:. Retrieved
5098:
5090:the original
5085:
5075:
5063:. Retrieved
5054:The Militant
5052:
5042:
5020:
4987:
4983:
4973:
4964:
4958:
4936:(1): 68–93.
4933:
4929:
4919:
4891:
4884:
4875:
4855:
4851:
4841:
4832:
4824:
4819:
4810:
4802:
4797:
4789:
4784:
4776:
4771:
4763:
4747:
4742:
4734:
4729:
4721:
4716:
4711:pp. 128-129.
4708:
4703:
4695:
4682:pp. 126-127.
4679:
4674:
4666:
4661:
4653:
4638:. New York:
4634:
4627:
4619:
4614:
4605:
4596:
4588:
4583:
4578:pp. 113-114.
4575:
4570:
4562:
4541:
4517:
4467:
4451:
4446:
4437:
4429:
4424:
4410:
4398:. Retrieved
4389:
4377:. Retrieved
4367:
4344:
4315:
4306:
4291:South Dakota
4249:
4240:
4229:James Harris
4222:RĂłger Calero
4216:
4207:
4200:James Harris
4196:RĂłger Calero
4190:
4138:Herbert Hill
4098:Arne Swabeck
4048:Felix Morrow
4043:Paul Montauk
4028:Frank Lovell
3988:Clara Fraser
3943:Bert Cochran
3928:Peter Camejo
3903:Martin Abern
3891:(since 1972)
3558:Peter Camejo
3343:James Harris
3299:James Harris
3255:RĂłger Calero
3211:RĂłger Calero
3172:Maura DeLuca
3167:James Harris
3128:Osborne Hart
2995:Peter Camejo
2992:
2984:
2974:
2960:
2953:
2944:
2933:
2918:
2909:The Militant
2908:
2902:
2894:The Militant
2893:
2891:
2883:
2875:
2859:Frank Lovell
2852:
2848:
2837:
2828:
2818:
2815:
2801:trade unions
2798:
2794:
2790:
2768:
2760:
2748:
2742:
2739:
2732:
2716:
2712:
2706:
2700:
2681:
2654:
2639:
2624:
2620:
2595:
2568:
2564:Michel Pablo
2556:Bert Cochran
2553:
2546:
2515:, named for
2510:
2502:Felix Morrow
2498:
2483:
2456:
2446:The Militant
2445:
2431:
2426:The Militant
2424:
2417:
2398:
2395:World War II
2382:
2373:
2359:remained a "
2357:Soviet Union
2354:
2347:
2326:
2321:
2318:
2311:
2305:
2302:
2293:
2287:
2285:
2276:
2266:
2258:nominee for
2249:
2245:
2241:
2233:
2218:
2212:
2196:
2189:
2186:
2181:
2174:
2171:
2163:
2140:
2109:
2079:
2073:
2050:united front
2029:Nazi Germany
2023:The rise of
2022:
2006:Leon Trotsky
1999:
1975:anti-Zionist
1956:
1928:Soviet Union
1925:
1916:The Militant
1914:
1900:Leon Trotsky
1887:
1883:
1881:
1876:The Militant
1875:
1765:Minimum wage
1735:Labor unions
1597:Daily Worker
1320:
743:Davis (Mike)
599:Contemporary
598:
597:
558:civil rights
552:
551:
470:
469:
421:
420:
403:
376:
239:
237:(since 1959)
218:The Militant
216:
196:Headquarters
131:
116:
107:
97:
90:
83:
76:
64:
52:Please help
47:verification
44:
7587:Emil Seidel
7569:Ben Hanford
7489:Union Labor
7303:Young Lords
7123:Natural Law
6826:Prohibition
6705:Libertarian
6423:(including
6021:Jack Barnes
6017:(1953–1972)
6011:(1938–1953)
5916:Finding Aid
5909:Finding Aid
5902:Finding aid
5889:Finding Aid
5882:Finding Aid
5872:Finding Aid
5065:November 6,
5057:. Oakland.
4990:(2): 6–63.
4547:Paul Porter
4321:Evelyn Reed
4279:Mississippi
4058:Evelyn Reed
4008:Sidney Hook
3948:Jake Cooper
3918:Alice Brock
3889:Jack Barnes
3885:(1953–1972)
3879:(1938–1953)
3680:Edward Shaw
3348:Laura Garza
2886:Mark Curtis
2821:Jack Barnes
2735:Jack Barnes
2646:Gerry Healy
2549:McCarthyism
2481:" parties.
2237:Jack Altman
2188:Trotsky on
2132:Hugo Oehler
2101:A. J. Muste
2093:French Turn
2018:Minneapolis
1469:Labor Party
530:McCarthyism
411:New Harmony
306:themilitant
273:(from 1990)
268:(1963–1990)
263:(1953–1963)
258:(1938–1953)
150:Jack Barnes
7830:Categories
7644:Bull Moose
7278:U.S. Labor
7213:Red Guards
7208:Readjuster
7203:Raza Unida
7148:Opposition
7013:Boston Tea
6938:Federalist
6674:Republican
6667:Democratic
6517:Solidarity
6489:Trotskyist
6367:Trotskyism
6187:Zimmermann
6174:Zimmermann
6166:Zimmermann
6158:Zimmermann
5030:Spartacist
4395:"About Us"
4379:January 5,
4287:New Mexico
4283:New Jersey
4259:California
4063:Harry Ring
3983:Eric Flint
3968:Hal Draper
2930:COINTELPRO
2880:Activities
2871:Solidarity
2675:) and the
2583:Mao Zedong
2463:Yugoslavia
2344:1940 split
2256:Republican
2116:Jim Cannon
2048:seeking a
1932:Trotskyist
1795:Trotskyism
1730:Labor laws
1617:The Jungle
1479:Red Guards
1326:Solidarity
1063:Ruthenberg
958:McReynolds
858:Harrington
783:Ehrenreich
723:Carmichael
571:COINTELPRO
389:Brook Farm
245:Trotskyism
240:Historical
80:newspapers
7557:Socialist
7434:Greenback
7143:Nullifier
7138:New Union
7133:New Party
7058:Greenback
7048:Free Soil
6806:Marijuana
6751:Communist
6639:National
5191:144415103
5183:0023-656X
5004:2156-4078
4950:0021-8723
4360:Footnotes
4337:Wisconsin
4033:Sam Marcy
3502:150 / 538
3458:153 / 538
3414:146 / 538
3370:105 / 538
3326:150 / 538
3282:150 / 538
3238:128 / 538
2703:Malcolm X
2571:Sam Marcy
2479:Stalinist
2401:Smith Act
2143:Lovestone
2054:poppycock
1790:Socialism
1770:Mutualism
1719:in the US
1684:in the US
1680:Anarchism
1489:New Party
1108:Shachtman
943:Lovestone
560:movements
540:Smith Act
508:1937–1957
503:1919–1937
399:Jonestown
353:Socialism
329:Elections
235:Castroism
231:Socialism
213:Newspaper
7851:New Left
7516:Populist
7173:Populist
7018:Citizens
6816:People's
6746:Citizens
6726:Alliance
6431:parties)
6429:Hoxhaist
6408:Current
6200:Mickells
6170:Congress
6111:Boutelle
6107:Halstead
5932:homepage
5739:Archived
5711:Archived
5683:Archived
5655:Archived
5627:Archived
5599:Archived
5571:Archived
5543:Archived
5515:Archived
5487:Archived
5459:Archived
5431:Archived
5403:Archived
5375:Archived
5347:Archived
5322:Archived
5300:Archived
5272:Archived
5244:Archived
5216:Archived
5141:Archived
5111:Archived
5059:Archived
5034:Archived
4911:43403442
4872:45367167
4779:pg. 140.
4766:pg. 139.
4750:pg. 138.
4737:pg. 133.
4724:pg. 131.
4698:pg. 127.
4669:pg. 124.
4622:pg. 123.
4591:pg. 115.
4565:pg. 113.
4470:pg. 112.
4400:June 27,
4333:New York
4275:Kentucky
4267:Delaware
4263:Colorado
4145:See also
3194:59 / 538
3150:60 / 538
3106:54 / 538
3064:58 / 538
2750:Inprecor
2665:Pabloism
2336:and the
2202:and the
2192:in 1934.
2112:entryism
2070:Entryism
2064:Entryism
2008:against
1874:Logo of
1657:ZNetwork
1073:Sandburg
1053:Roediger
1028:Randolph
978:Mitchell
903:Hillquit
798:Feinberg
733:Cockburn
683:Brisbane
678:Bookchin
653:Balagoon
588:New Left
554:Anti-war
394:Icarians
344:a series
226:Ideology
206:New York
110:May 2014
7298:Workers
7078:Justice
6791:Liberal
6714:Smaller
6320:Jarrett
6316:Kennedy
6303:Kennedy
6281:Kennedy
6273:Kennedy
6252:Hawkins
6154:DeBerry
6132:DeBerry
6120:Jenness
6094:DeBerry
6046:Carlson
5120:May 25,
4984:Fire!!!
4877:1934.34
4775:Myers,
4762:Myers,
4746:Myers,
4733:Myers,
4720:Myers,
4694:Myers,
4678:Myers,
4665:Myers,
4618:Myers,
4587:Myers,
4574:Myers,
4561:Myers,
4466:Myers,
4350:Arizona
4329:Indiana
4271:Georgia
4083:Ed Shaw
3840:13,614
3801:10,312
3723:60,166
3684:32,327
3645:41,390
3606:66,679
3567:90,986
3528:49,031
3484:24,672
3440:15,604
3396:23,096
3264:11,088
3132:12,467
3021:Result
2842:or the
2684:Seattle
2467:Albania
2365:Finland
2350:Marxist
2150:leader
2099:led by
2044:of the
2025:fascism
1985:History
1959:strikes
1894:in the
1890:) is a
1750:Marxism
1612:Jacobin
1602:Dissent
1163:Zeidler
1128:Tankian
1078:Sanders
1003:Parenti
968:Morello
933:Labadie
918:Jameson
913:Hoffman
878:Hawkins
853:Hampton
848:Hammett
838:Guthrie
828:Graeber
823:Goldman
818:Gilmore
793:Fearing
778:Du Bois
773:Dreiser
768:De Leon
728:Chomsky
693:Browder
673:Berkman
643:Andrews
496:in the
460:May Day
373:History
299:Website
167:1938-01
165: (
156:Founded
94:scholar
7223:Silver
6831:Reform
6811:Pirate
6693:Larger
6425:Maoist
6294:DeLuca
6290:Harris
6277:Harris
6269:Calero
6256:Harris
6248:Calero
6235:Harris
6222:Harris
6209:Warren
6196:Warren
6162:Pulley
6141:Camejo
6124:Pulley
5841:
5784:
5189:
5181:
5010:
5002:
4948:
4909:
4899:
4870:
4646:
4529:
4293:, and
3762:7,797
3352:8,463
3308:7,378
3220:7,575
3176:4,117
3088:6,791
3059:T.B.D
3056:T.B.D
3053:T.B.D
3050:T.B.D
3027:Notes
1760:Maoism
1168:Zerzan
1143:Turner
1133:Thomas
1123:Sweezy
1113:Shakur
1103:Seidel
1098:Seeger
1088:Sawant
1058:Rustin
1048:Rocker
1033:Ripley
983:Newton
938:London
923:Keller
883:Hedges
833:Greene
813:Gitlow
808:Foster
763:Dennis
718:Cantor
713:Cannon
703:Butler
688:Brooks
668:Berger
648:Avrich
638:Alston
627:People
285:Maroon
282:
278:Colors
96:
89:
82:
75:
67:
6891:Unity
6700:Green
6532:Other
6260:Trowe
6239:Trowe
6226:Garza
6183:Mason
6085:Weiss
6081:Dobbs
6072:Weiss
6068:Dobbs
6059:Weiss
6055:Dobbs
6042:Dobbs
5757:Books
5742:(PDF)
5731:(PDF)
5714:(PDF)
5703:(PDF)
5686:(PDF)
5675:(PDF)
5658:(PDF)
5647:(PDF)
5630:(PDF)
5619:(PDF)
5602:(PDF)
5591:(PDF)
5574:(PDF)
5563:(PDF)
5546:(PDF)
5535:(PDF)
5518:(PDF)
5507:(PDF)
5490:(PDF)
5479:(PDF)
5462:(PDF)
5451:(PDF)
5434:(PDF)
5423:(PDF)
5406:(PDF)
5395:(PDF)
5378:(PDF)
5367:(PDF)
5350:(PDF)
5339:(PDF)
5303:(PDF)
5292:(PDF)
5275:(PDF)
5264:(PDF)
5247:(PDF)
5236:(PDF)
5219:(PDF)
5208:(PDF)
5187:S2CID
5114:(PDF)
5107:(PDF)
5008:JSTOR
4868:JSTOR
4182:Notes
3853:Lost
3845:0.01%
3814:Lost
3806:0.01%
3775:Lost
3767:0.01%
3736:Lost
3728:0.06%
3697:Lost
3689:0.05%
3658:Lost
3650:0.05%
3619:Lost
3611:0.09%
3580:Lost
3572:0.11%
3541:Lost
3533:0.05%
3497:Lost
3489:0.02%
3453:Lost
3445:0.02%
3409:Lost
3401:0.02%
3365:Lost
3357:0.01%
3321:Lost
3313:0.01%
3277:Lost
3269:0.01%
3233:Lost
3225:0.00%
3189:Lost
3181:0.00%
3145:Lost
3137:0.01%
3101:Lost
3093:0.00%
3003:Year
2898:Bundy
2617:1960s
2486:union
2475:China
2471:Korea
2078:(the
1902:over
1581:Works
1331:Spark
1153:Wolff
1138:Tlaib
1118:Stone
1093:Seale
1083:Sakai
1068:Sacco
1043:Rocha
1023:Piven
1018:Piker
988:Noyes
963:Moore
953:Marcy
788:Ervin
708:Cabet
633:Abern
208:10018
101:JSTOR
87:books
7714:1948
7687:1924
7660:1912
7633:1932
7619:1920
7605:1916
7591:1912
7577:1908
7575:and
7573:1904
7546:1896
7532:1892
7505:1888
7478:1884
7464:1880
7450:1876
7342:List
6948:Whig
6427:and
6312:2020
6307:Hart
6299:2016
6286:2012
6265:2008
6244:2004
6231:2000
6218:1996
6213:Reid
6205:1992
6192:1988
6179:1984
6150:1980
6145:Reid
6137:1976
6128:Reed
6116:1972
6103:1968
6098:Shaw
6090:1964
6077:1960
6064:1956
6051:1952
6038:1948
5839:ISBN
5782:ISBN
5179:ISSN
5122:2022
5067:2022
5000:ISSN
4946:ISSN
4907:OCLC
4897:ISBN
4644:ISBN
4527:ISBN
4402:2023
4381:2022
4335:and
4323:and
4299:Ohio
4289:and
4231:and
3826:1948
3787:1952
3748:1956
3709:1960
3670:1964
3631:1968
3592:1972
3553:1976
3514:1980
3470:1984
3426:1988
3382:1992
3338:1996
3294:2000
3250:2004
3206:2008
3162:2012
3118:2016
3076:2020
3036:2024
3030:Ref
2857:and
2659:and
2504:and
2473:and
2254:and
2122:and
2016:and
1963:Cuba
1942:and
1882:The
1173:Zinn
1158:Wood
1148:West
1038:Reed
998:Ochs
973:Most
928:King
908:Hoan
898:Hill
843:Hall
803:Ford
758:Debs
748:Dean
698:Bush
556:and
308:.com
73:news
5866:at
5171:doi
4992:doi
4938:doi
4934:100
4860:doi
4297:in
2648:'s
2577:'s
2436:'s
2413:FBI
2338:CIO
2334:AFL
2330:AFL
2027:in
1888:SWP
948:Lum
863:Hay
753:Day
56:by
7832::
6314::
6301::
6288::
6267::
6246::
6233::
6220::
6207::
6194::
6181::
6152::
6139::
6118::
6105::
6092::
6079::
6066::
6053::
6040::
5733:.
5705:.
5677:.
5649:.
5621:.
5593:.
5565:.
5537:.
5509:.
5481:.
5453:.
5425:.
5397:.
5369:.
5341:.
5320:.
5294:.
5266:.
5238:.
5210:.
5185:.
5177:.
5167:53
5165:.
5161:.
5084:.
5051:.
5028:.
5006:.
4998:.
4986:.
4982:.
4944:.
4932:.
4928:.
4905:.
4874:.
4866:.
4856:10
4854:.
4850:.
4755:^
4687:^
4652:.
4604:.
4554:^
4525:.
4521:.
4475:^
4459:^
4331:,
4285:,
4281:,
4277:,
4273:,
4269:,
4265:,
4261:,
3850:0
3811:0
3772:0
3733:0
3694:0
3655:0
3616:0
3577:0
3538:0
3494:0
3450:0
3406:0
3362:0
3318:0
3274:0
3230:0
3186:0
3142:0
3098:0
3015:%
2977:.
2873:.
2823:,
2753:.
2698:.
2593:.
2539:.
2469:,
2465:,
2391:.
2138:.
2118:,
2107:.
1981:.
1954:.
1923:.
346:on
204:,
7716:)
7712:(
7708:/
7689:)
7685:(
7681:/
7662:)
7658:(
7654:/
7635:)
7631:(
7627:/
7621:)
7617:(
7613:/
7607:)
7603:(
7599:/
7593:)
7589:(
7585:/
7579:)
7571:(
7567:/
7548:)
7544:(
7540:/
7534:)
7530:(
7526:/
7507:)
7503:(
7499:/
7480:)
7476:(
7472:/
7466:)
7462:(
7458:/
7452:)
7448:(
7444:/
7390:e
7383:t
7376:v
7344:)
7340:(
6632:e
6625:t
6618:v
6401:e
6394:t
6387:v
6318:/
6305:/
6292:/
6279:/
6275:+
6271:/
6258:/
6254:+
6250:/
6237:/
6224:/
6211:/
6198:/
6185:/
6172:/
6168:+
6164:/
6160:+
6156:/
6143:/
6130:/
6126:+
6122:/
6109:/
6096:/
6083:/
6070:/
6057:/
6044:/
5987:e
5980:t
5973:v
5960:.
5918:.
5911:.
5904:.
5891:.
5884:.
5874:.
5845:.
5788:.
5173::
5124:.
5069:.
4994::
4988:1
4940::
4913:.
4862::
4608:.
4535:.
4404:.
4383:.
4339:.
4301:.
2167:,
1886:(
1859:e
1852:t
1845:v
1721:)
1717:(
1686:)
1682:(
579:"
575:"
294:0
242::
169:)
123:)
117:(
112:)
108:(
98:·
91:·
84:·
77:·
50:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.