663:, by Marx, Karl. From "Chapter 32: Historical Tendency of Capitalist Accumulation": "Self-earned private property, that is based, so to say, on the fusing together of the isolated, independent laboring-individual with the conditions of his labor, is supplanted by capitalistic private property, which rests on exploitation of the nominally free labor of others, i.e., on wage-labor. As soon as this process of transformation has sufficiently decomposed the old society from top to bottom, as soon as the laborers are turned into proletarians, their means of labor into capital, as soon as the capitalist mode of production stands on its own feet, then the further socialization of labor and further transformation of the land and other means of production into socially exploited and, therefore, common means of production, as well as the further expropriation of private proprietors, takes a new form. That which is now to be expropriated is no longer the laborer working for himself, but the capitalist exploiting many laborers."
703:, by Engels, Friedrich. From "Part III: Historical Materialism": "Capitalist Revolution - transformation of industry, at first be means of simple cooperation and manufacture. Concentration of the means of production, hitherto scattered, into great workshops. As a consequence, their transformation from individual to social means of production — a transformation which does not, on the whole, affect the form of exchange. The old forms of appropriation remain in force. The capitalist appears. In his capacity as owner of the means of production, he also appropriates the products and turns them into commodities. Production has become a social act. Exchange and appropriation continue to be individual acts, the acts of individuals. The social product is appropriated by the individual capitalist. Fundamental contradiction, whence arise all the contradictions in which our present-day society moves, and which modern industry brings to light."
530:. This process transforms the act of production into an increasingly social and collective process involving planning and greater coordination among producers, but appropriation of the social product in the form of private profit continues to be a private affair by investors and owners of the enterprise. Furthermore, exchange of the commodities produced is the private act of a small group of capitalists or an individual owner. As the process of socialization expands, a contradiction between the socialized nature of production and the individual nature of appropriation of the surplus product arises, coinciding with the obsolescence of the functions performed by the capitalists (the private owners).
479:) is the process of transforming the act of producing and distributing goods and services from a solitary to a social relationship and collective endeavor. With the development of capitalism, production becomes centralized in firms and increasingly mechanized in contrast to the pre-capitalist modes of production where the act of production was a largely solitary act performed by individuals. Socialization occurs due to centralization of
63:
549:
on the part of workers over their work processes, in contrast to the rigid hierarchy and bureaucracy that characterizes traditional capitalist enterprises. As workers gain more autonomy, they also gain more collective decision-making power and control over their work processes. Socialization of the
554:, which can, but usually does not imply the socialization of the workplace. In a capitalist economy, socialization is limited because the socialized enterprise continues to operate in a commodity economy under the capitalist laws of motion. Socialization therefore takes a different form in the
513:
Karl Marx defined socialization as a general phenomenon where the labor process comes to embody the capabilities and constraints developed in society as opposed to private experiences, with objective socialization of the forces of production being the deepening of the social division of labor
496:
In Marx's critique of political economy, as capitalism develops a contradiction emerges between the increasingly socialized act of production and the private ownership and appropriation of surplus value. Classical
Marxist theory posits that this contradiction will intensify to a point where
492:
eventually comes into conflict with the persistence of relations of production based on private property; this contradiction between socialized production and private appropriation of the social product forms the impetus for the socialization of property relations (socialism).
533:
The socialization and centralization of industry and capital under capitalism lays the foundations for a socialist economy. Socialism entails ownership of the socialized means of production by the workers engaged in the production either in the form of
487:
and a deepening of the division of labor and the specialization in skills necessary for increasingly complex forms of production and value creation. Progressive socialization of the forces of production under
446:
542:
by all of society. The establishment of social ownership over the means of production resolves the contradiction between social production and private exchange/appropriation under capitalism.
439:
432:
361:
371:
233:
306:
555:
219:
78:
42:
241:
673:
Warhurst, Chris; Keep, Ewart; Grugulis, Irena (2004-02-27) . "Skill Trends Under
Capitalism and the Socialisation of Production".
633:
Warhurst, Chris; Keep, Ewart; Grugulis, Irena (2004-02-27) . "Skill Trends Under
Capitalism and the Socialisation of Production".
193:
103:
50:
93:
682:
642:
246:
522:
Socialization is a process that begins to take place in capitalism as large-scale manufacturing based on a vertical
526:
displaces "cottage industry" - the small-scale production shops, guilds and family-run businesses that existed in
752:
123:
613:
582:
577:
396:
98:
602:
546:
484:
747:
732:
188:
291:
28:
592:
514:
including specialization of skills and deepening interdependence between industries and regions.
356:
118:
366:
183:
501:
of the means of production will be necessitated, resulting in a transition from capitalism to
178:
713:
331:
8:
742:
559:
480:
321:
301:
88:
535:
523:
376:
108:
286:
678:
638:
587:
572:
406:
113:
83:
20:
737:
597:
539:
498:
464:
420:
271:
551:
326:
281:
545:
Karl Marx envisioned socialization under socialism as involving an expansion of
351:
311:
726:
607:
276:
173:
32:
138:
296:
227:
133:
489:
213:
153:
148:
143:
527:
502:
460:
401:
266:
62:
24:
468:
497:
socialization of surplus value appropriation in the form of
677:. Palgrave (published February 27, 2004). p. 242–260.
637:. Palgrave (published February 27, 2004). p. 242–260.
550:
ownership of the means of production is different from
23:
under capitalism. For the process of transitioning to
672:
632:
19:This article is about the process of deepening the
724:
440:
31:. For the general sociological concept, see
242:Outlines of a Critique of Political Economy
447:
433:
725:
610:(the general sociological definition)
517:
13:
14:
764:
701:Socialism: Utopian and Scientific
247:Time, Labor and Social Domination
61:
706:
694:
666:
654:
626:
614:Social peer-to-peer production
483:in industries where there are
1:
583:Critique of political economy
578:Commons-based peer production
556:capitalist mode of production
508:
397:Critique of political economy
236:Critique of Political Economy
124:Socially necessary labor time
99:Critique of political economy
79:Capitalist mode of production
603:Socialist mode of production
560:socialist mode of production
459:In the theoretical works of
194:Falling profit-rate tendency
7:
565:
485:increasing returns to scale
477:socialization of production
94:Concrete and abstract labor
10:
769:
357:New School Economic Review
220:Economic and Philosophical
189:Technological unemployment
18:
29:Socialization (economics)
620:
714:"Glossary of Terms: So"
593:Relations of production
119:Relations of production
675:The Skills That Matter
635:The Skills That Matter
367:Historical Materialism
184:Historical materialism
753:Sociological theories
234:A Contribution to the
149:Wertabspaltungskritik
377:Capital & Class
362:Crisis and Critique
322:Hans-Georg Backhaus
302:Claus Peter Ortlieb
222:Manuscripts of 1844
104:Means of production
52:Marxian critique of
372:Socialist register
109:Mode of production
748:Political economy
733:Marxian economics
661:Capital, Volume 1
588:Division of labor
573:Capital deepening
524:division of labor
518:In Marxist theory
457:
456:
407:Marxist sociology
332:Hans-Jürgen Krahl
114:Productive forces
54:political economy
21:division of labor
760:
718:
717:
710:
704:
698:
692:
691:
670:
664:
658:
652:
651:
630:
598:Social ownership
540:social ownership
536:worker ownership
528:feudal economies
499:social ownership
465:Friedrich Engels
449:
442:
435:
421:Socialism portal
272:Friedrich Engels
65:
55:
38:
37:
16:Economic process
768:
767:
763:
762:
761:
759:
758:
757:
723:
722:
721:
712:
711:
707:
699:
695:
685:
671:
667:
659:
655:
645:
631:
627:
623:
618:
568:
552:nationalization
547:self-management
520:
511:
467:and subsequent
453:
413:
412:
411:
391:
383:
382:
381:
346:
338:
337:
336:
327:Helmut Reichelt
287:Étienne Balibar
282:Roman Rosdolsky
261:
253:
252:
251:
238:
235:
224:
221:
208:
200:
199:
198:
168:
160:
159:
158:
73:
53:
51:
36:
17:
12:
11:
5:
766:
756:
755:
750:
745:
740:
735:
720:
719:
705:
693:
683:
665:
653:
643:
624:
622:
619:
617:
616:
611:
605:
600:
595:
590:
585:
580:
575:
569:
567:
564:
519:
516:
510:
507:
455:
454:
452:
451:
444:
437:
429:
426:
425:
424:
423:
415:
414:
410:
409:
404:
399:
393:
392:
390:Related topics
389:
388:
385:
384:
380:
379:
374:
369:
364:
359:
354:
352:Monthly Review
348:
347:
344:
343:
340:
339:
335:
334:
329:
324:
315:
314:
312:Moishe Postone
309:
304:
299:
294:
289:
284:
279:
274:
269:
263:
262:
259:
258:
255:
254:
250:
249:
244:
239:
232:
230:
225:
218:
216:
210:
209:
206:
205:
202:
201:
197:
196:
191:
186:
181:
176:
170:
169:
166:
165:
162:
161:
157:
156:
151:
146:
141:
136:
131:
126:
121:
116:
111:
106:
101:
96:
91:
86:
81:
75:
74:
71:
70:
67:
66:
58:
57:
47:
46:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
765:
754:
751:
749:
746:
744:
741:
739:
736:
734:
731:
730:
728:
715:
709:
702:
697:
690:
686:
684:9781403906397
680:
676:
669:
662:
657:
650:
646:
644:9781403906397
640:
636:
629:
625:
615:
612:
609:
608:Socialization
606:
604:
601:
599:
596:
594:
591:
589:
586:
584:
581:
579:
576:
574:
571:
570:
563:
561:
557:
553:
548:
543:
541:
537:
531:
529:
525:
515:
506:
504:
500:
494:
491:
486:
482:
478:
474:
473:socialization
470:
466:
462:
450:
445:
443:
438:
436:
431:
430:
428:
427:
422:
419:
418:
417:
416:
408:
405:
403:
400:
398:
395:
394:
387:
386:
378:
375:
373:
370:
368:
365:
363:
360:
358:
355:
353:
350:
349:
342:
341:
333:
330:
328:
325:
323:
320:
319:
318:
313:
310:
308:
307:Geoff Pilling
305:
303:
300:
298:
295:
293:
290:
288:
285:
283:
280:
278:
277:Paul Lafargue
275:
273:
270:
268:
265:
264:
257:
256:
248:
245:
243:
240:
237:
231:
229:
226:
223:
217:
215:
212:
211:
204:
203:
195:
192:
190:
187:
185:
182:
180:
177:
175:
174:Crisis theory
172:
171:
164:
163:
155:
152:
150:
147:
145:
142:
140:
137:
135:
132:
130:
129:Socialization
127:
125:
122:
120:
117:
115:
112:
110:
107:
105:
102:
100:
97:
95:
92:
90:
87:
85:
82:
80:
77:
76:
69:
68:
64:
60:
59:
56:
49:
48:
44:
40:
39:
34:
33:Socialization
30:
26:
22:
708:
700:
696:
688:
674:
668:
660:
656:
648:
634:
628:
558:than in the
544:
532:
521:
512:
495:
476:
472:
458:
316:
139:Wage slavery
128:
297:Mark Fisher
292:Robert Kurz
228:Das Kapital
179:Imperialism
743:Capitalism
727:Categories
509:Definition
490:capitalism
214:Grundrisse
154:Value-form
144:Wertkritik
134:Wage labor
503:socialism
471:writers,
461:Karl Marx
402:Economics
267:Karl Marx
89:Commodity
25:socialism
566:See also
475:(or the
345:Journals
72:Concepts
43:a series
41:Part of
738:Marxism
481:capital
469:Marxist
84:Capital
681:
641:
260:People
167:Topics
45:on the
27:, see
621:Notes
317:NML:
207:Works
679:ISBN
639:ISBN
463:and
538:or
729::
687:.
647:.
562:.
505:.
716:.
689:.
649:.
448:e
441:t
434:v
35:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.