716:
1188:
1089:, including the clergy, but was himself well-treated by the Japanese forces; he was often invited to Japanese ceremonies, but never attended, sending bouquets in his stead. He used this position of respect to lobby for fair treatment of those interned. He successfully petitioned the Japanese overlords to exempt nuns from the paramilitary draft and allow them to work at hospitals. He and the Catholic populace also gathered food and other supplies for interned clergy, and Soegijapranata kept in contact with the prisoners, supplying and receiving news, such as recent deaths, and other information.
1283:, Soegijapranata returned to Semarang. The post-revolution period was marked by a drastic increase in enrolment at the nation's seminary; the 100th native Indonesian clergyman was ordained in 1956. The government, however, enacted several laws that limited the Church's ability to expand. In 1953 the Ministry for Religion decreed that no foreign missionaries would be allowed into the country, and a subsequent law prohibited those already in Indonesia from teaching. In response, Soegijapranata encouraged eligible clergy to apply for Indonesian citizenship, circumventing the new laws.
624:, in the afternoon. The Catholic students had regular prayers. Although the college did not require students to be Catholic, Soegija was pressured by his Catholic classmates, leading to several fights. Feeling dissatisfied, Soegija complained to his teacher that the Dutch priests were like merchants, thinking only of money. The priest replied that the teachers were unpaid and only hoped for the students' good. This led Soegija to better respect the priests, and when van Rijckevorsel told the other students that Soegija did not want to be Catholic, they stopped pressuring him.
1489:
status". The
Indonesian historian Anton Haryono described Soegijapranata's ascension to bishophood as "monumental", considering that Soegijapranata had only been ordained nine years previously and was chosen ahead of non-Indonesian priests several years his senior. Henricia Moeryantini, a nun in the Order of Carolus Borromeus, writes that the Catholic Church became nationally influential under Soegijapranata, and that the archbishop cared too much for the people to take an outsider's approach. Van Klinken writes that Soegijapranata eventually became like a
1140:, that began on 15 October; the Indonesians aimed to confiscate the Japanese weapons. Allied forces began landing in the city on 20 October 1945; a small group was sent to Gedangan to speak with Soegijapranata. Concerned with civilian suffering, the vicar apostolic told the Allies that they must stop the battle; the Allies could not comply as they did not know the Japanese commander. Soegijapranata then contacted the Japanese and, that afternoon, brokered a cease-fire agreement in his office at Gedangan, despite Indonesian forces' firing at the
852:
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also corresponded with
Willekens in Jakarta, although the elder bishop considered the revolution an internal security matter for the Dutch and not an issue for the Church. However, in early 1947 Soegijapranata moved to Yogyakarta, allowing easy communication with the political leadership. He established his seat at St Yoseph in Bintaran and counselled young Catholics to fight for their country, saying that they should only return "once they were dead". Soegijapranata was present during several battles that arose where he was preaching.
1148:
1245:, described Indonesians' daily lives under Dutch rule and called for international condemnation of the occupation. Soegijapranata further opined that the Dutch blockade on Indonesia, aside from strangling the new country's economy, increased the influence of its communist groups. After the Dutch retreated in the wake of the General Attack of 1 March 1949, Soegijapranata began working to ensure Catholic representation in the government. With I. J. Kasimo, he organised the All-Indonesia Catholic Congress (
1264:
1481:
5246:
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1341:. A faction, led by Soegijapranata, supported this decree, while Catholic Party leader I. J. Kasimo's faction was heavily against it. Sukarno, who had a good working relationship with Soegijapranata, asked the vicar to join the National Council, a request that Soegijapranata refused; he did, however, assign two delegates to the council, ensuring Catholic representation. This, along with Soegijapranata's support of Sukarno's
1130:
The Dutch clergy were malnourished, and several required treatment at a hospital. Some were later taken to
Indonesian-run internment camps, but the Catholics were still allowed to look after them. Meanwhile, inter-religious strife led to the burning of several mission buildings and the murder of some clergymen. The government also took several buildings, and some that had been seized by the Japanese were not returned.
1078:
seizures, at times filling the locations with people to make them unmanageable or indicating that other buildings, such as cinemas, would serve
Japanese needs better. When the Japanese attempted to seize Randusari Cathedral, Soegijapranata replied that they could take it only after decapitating him; the Japanese later found another location for their office. He prevented the Japanese from taking
1109:, and Malang to deal with the lack of clergy there. Soegijapranata worked to ensure that the seminary would continue to produce new pastors and appointed the recently ordained Father Hardjawasita as its rector. He also granted native priests the authority to perform marriages. To calm the Catholic populace, he visited their homes and convinced them that the streets were safe.
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elementary schools to universities. Soegijapranata also began reforming the Church in his apostolic vicariate, making it more
Indonesian. He advocated the use of local languages and Indonesian during mass, allowing it throughout his diocese beginning in 1956. In addition, he pressed for the use of gamelan music to accompany services, and agreed to the use of
86:
758:; during this time he examined the teachings of Thomas Aquinas and began writing on Christianity. In a letter dated 11 August 1923, he wrote that the Javanese were so far unable to discern between Catholics and Protestants, and that the best way to convert the Javanese was by deeds, not words. He also translated some of the results of the 27th
864:
better address the needs of his parish, while van
Driessche likely used Soegijapranata to preach to the city's growing native Catholic population. Soegijapranata was, by this point, a short and chubby man with what the Dutch historian Geert Arend van Klinken described as "a boyish sense of humour that won him many friends".
1425:; he was one of eleven diocesan bishops and archbishops from Asia. He was able to attend the first session, where he voiced concerns about the declining quality of pastoral work and called for the modernisation of the Church. He then returned to Indonesia, but his health, poor since the late 1950s, quickly declined.
868:
at the time, along with Kidul Loji, Kotabaru, and
Pugeran; each major church served a wide area, and the priests from the major churches gave sermons in the furthest reaches of their parishes. After van Driessche's death in June 1934, Soegijapranata's duties were extended to include the village of Ganjuran,
1129:
flown in front of the
Gedangan Rectory; however, he did not formally recognise the nation's independence, owing to his correspondence with Willekens regarding the Church's neutrality. He and his clergy treated injured Dutch missionaries, who had recently been released from internment, at the rectory.
638:
The following year
Soegija asked to join the Catholic-education classes, citing a desire to fully use the facilities at Xaverius. His teacher, Father Mertens, told Soegija that he required permission from his parents first; although they refused, Soegija was nevertheless allowed to study Catholicism.
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mountainous area. The vast majority of its population was ethnic
Javanese, consisting of more than 15,000 native Catholics, as well as a similar number of European Catholics. The number of native Catholics quickly outpaced the number of European ones, and had doubled by 1942. There were also several
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ordering that Soegijapranata be put in charge of the newly established apostolic vicariate. This was forwarded to Soegijapranata in Yogyakarta, who agreed to the appointment, despite being surprised and nervous. His assistant Hardjosoewarno later recalled that Soegijapranata cried after reading the
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After the St Yoseph Church in Bintaran, about 1 kilometre (0.62 mi) from Kidul Loji, opened in April 1934, Soegijapranata was transferred there to become its priest; the church primarily served the Javanese Catholic community. Bintaran was one of four centres of Catholic presence in Yogyakarta
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in September 1926, where he began teaching algebra, religion, and Javanese at Xaverius. Little is known about his period as an instructor at the school, although records indicate that he based his teaching style on that of van Lith, who had died in early 1926, explaining religious concepts in terms
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Jika kita merasa sebagai orang Kristen yang baik, kita semestinya juga menjadi seorang patriot yang baik. Karenanya, kita merasa bahwa kita 100% patriotik sebab kita juga merasa 100% Katolik. Malahan, menurut perintah keempat dari Sepuluh Perintah Allah, sebagaimana tertulis dalam Katekismus, kita
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If we consider ourselves good Christians, then we should also become good patriots. As such, we should feel 100% patriotic because we are 100% Catholic. According to the Fourth Commandment, as written in the Catechism, we must love the Catholic Church and, it follows, we must love our country with
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Di mana-mana ada kebakaran ... Tidak ada tentara, tidak ada police, tidak ada pegawai. Di jalanan pun terdapat berbagai bangkai kendaraan yang terbakar ... Untung masih ada beberapa pegawai kejaksaan dan beberapa tokoh Katolik yang tidak pergi. Mereka bekerja dengan mengatasnamakan diri
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Soegijapranata is remembered with pride by Javanese Catholics, who praise his strength of will during the occupation and national revolution. The historian Anhar Gonggong described Soegijapranata as not just a bishop, but an Indonesian leader who "was tested as a good leader and deserved the hero
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In January 1946 the Indonesian government moved from Jakarta – by then under Dutch control – to Yogyakarta. This was followed by a widespread exodus of civilians fleeing the advancing NICA soldiers. Soegijapranata at first stayed in Semarang, working to establish patrols and watches. He
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Military conflicts throughout the area and an ongoing Allied presence led to food shortages throughout the city, as well as constant blackouts and the establishment of a curfew. Civilian-run groups attempted to deal with the food shortages but were unable to cope. In an attempt to deal with these
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Aside from overseeing the new clergy, Soegijapranata continued to work towards Catholic education and prosperity, similar to his pre-war work. He emphasised that students must not only be good Catholics, but also good Indonesians. The Church began further development of its schools, ranging from
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On 8 August 1933 Soegijapranata and two fellow priests departed for the Indies; Soegijapranata was assigned to preach at Kidul Loji in Yogyakarta, near Kraton. He served as parochial vicar for Father van Driessche, one of his teachers from Xaverius. The elder priest taught Soegijapranata how to
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The occupation government captured numerous (mostly Dutch) men and women, both clergy and laymen, and instituted policies that changed how services were held. They forbade the use of Dutch in services and in writing and seized several church properties. Soegijapranata attempted to resist these
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capitulated. This brought numerous changes in the governance of the archipelago, reducing the quality of life for non-Japanese. In his diary, Soegijapranata wrote of the invasion that "fires were everywhere ... no soldiers, no police, no workers. The streets are full of burnt out
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missionary – who was physically quite different from the Jesuit teachers – led Soegija to consider becoming a priest, an idea which his parents accepted. In 1915 Soegija finished his education at Xaverius, but stayed on as a teacher. The following year he joined the on-site
452:
Soegijapranata worked to promote international recognition of Indonesia's independence. Soon after the Dutch, who had returned in late 1945, recognised the country's independence, Soegijapranata returned to Semarang. During the post-revolution years, he wrote extensively against
1310:, open to both Catholics and non-Catholics. He hoped that these would empower workers and thus limit the PKI's influence. One such labour group was Buruh Pancasila, which was formed on 19 June 1954; through the organisation Soegijapranata helped promote the state philosophy of
1495:, or Javanese nobleman, within the church, as "committed to hierarchy and the status quo as to the God who created them". According to van Klinken, by coming to the nascent republic Soegijapranata had been willing to see "the coming Javanese paradise" at great personal risk.
615:
In 1909 Soegija started at the Xaverius College in Muntilan, a school for aspiring teachers, and stayed in the dormitory. He was one of 54 students in his year. The boys followed a strict schedule, attending classes in the morning and engaging in other activities, such as
1234:
on 19 December 1948, Soegijapranata ordered that the Christmas festivities be kept simple to represent the Indonesian people's suffering. During the Dutch occupation Soegijapranata smuggled some of his writings out of the country; the works, later published in
407:
Laurentius Schrijnen on 15 August 1931; Soegija then added the word "pranata" to the back of his name. He was then sent back to the Indies to preach and became a parochial vicar at the parish in Kidul Loji, Yogyakarta, and in 1934 he was given his own parish in
1373:
During the latter half of the 1950s, the KWI met several times to discuss the need for a self-determined Indonesian Catholic hierarchy. At these annual meetings, they touched on administrative and pastoral issues, including the translation of songs into
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for further rites, including a speech by Sukarno, presided by Bishop of Jakarta Adrianus Djajasepoetra. The following day Soegijapranata's body was flown to Semarang, accompanied by several Church and government luminaries. He was buried at
1223:. In response, the Church leadership sent Georges de Jonghe d'Ardoye to Indonesia as its delegate, initiating formal relations between the Vatican and Indonesia. D'Ardoye arrived in the new republic in December 1947 and met with President
735:, to further their studies in 1919. In Uden Soegija spent a year further studying Latin and Greek, necessary for his preaching back in the Indies. He and his classmates adapted to Dutch culture. On 27 September 1920 Soegija began his
667:. During the Christmas holidays, he told his family that he had converted. Although his immediate family eventually accepted this, and may have eventually supported him, Soegija's other relatives refused to speak to him afterwards.
1715:, pp. 155–163) lists 109 Jesuits, 61 members of the Fratrum Immaculatae Conceptionis, and 21 nuns in the Order of Carolus Borromeus imprisoned during the occupation. Twelve pastors were ordained in the Indies in this period.
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between Japanese and Indonesian troops and called for the central government to send someone to deal with the unrest and food shortages in the city. However, these problems continued to grow, and in 1947 Soegijapranata moved his
678:, "Honour your father and your mother, that your days may be long in the land which the Lord your God gives you.", as relating not only to one's birth father and mother, but all who had come before; this left the students with
1175:
to help establish a civilian government, installing Moch. Ikhsan as mayor. The city's government was, however, still unable to handle the crisis, and the major figures in this government were later captured by the Dutch-run
431:
numerous churches were seized and clergymen were arrested or killed. Soegijapranata was able to resist several of these seizures, and spent the rest of the occupation serving the Catholics in his vicariate. After President
1740:, p. 57). However, they planned for the possibility of Willieken's capture; in correspondence between Soegijapranata and Willekens, the two men agreed that Soegijapranata must remain free no matter the consequences (
959:; this consecration made Soegijapranata the first native Indonesian bishop. The ceremony was attended by numerous political figures and sultans from Batavia, Semarang, Yogyakarta, and Surakarta, as well as clergy from
1082:, where he lived, and assigned guardians for schools and other facilities to prevent seizure. These efforts were not always successful, however, and several Church-run institutions were seized, as were church funds.
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head of the Catholic Church in the country; this was in part to counteract rumours of his detention by the Japanese. He travelled by foot, bicycle, and carriage, as his car had been seized. He sent pastors to
1472:
in a military funeral on 30 July, after several further rites. Darmojuwono was appointed as the new archbishop in December 1963; he was consecrated on 6 April 1964 by Archbishop Ottavio De Liva.
1527:
in the titular role, the film followed Soegijapranata's activities during the 1940s, amidst a backdrop of the Japanese occupation and the war for Indonesian independence. The film, which had a
1330:, and asking the government to ensure fair and equitable treatment for all citizens. Relations between Indonesia and the Netherlands continued to be poor, specifically in regard to control of
872:, 20 kilometres (12 mi) south of the city, which was home to more than a thousand native Catholics. He was also a spiritual adviser to several local groups and established a Catholic
3666:
1531:
12 billion (US$ 1.3 million) budget, sold over 100,000 tickets on its first day. Its launch was accompanied by a semi-fictional novelisation of Soegija's life, written by Catholic author
480:
Soegijapranata continues to be viewed with respect by both Catholic and non-Catholic Indonesians. Several biographies have been written, and in 2012 a fictionalised biographical film by
3866:
3766:
3733:
1594:, p. 53) writes that all pre-revolution Catholic elite, including the future bishop Adrianus Djajasepoetra and the Catholic party head I. J. Kasimo, were alumni of Xaverius.
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Although the population of native Catholics expanded greatly in the years following his consecration, Soegijapranata was soon faced with numerous trials. The Empire of Japan
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457:
and expanded the church; he also served as a mediator between several political factions. He was made an archbishop on 3 January 1961, when Semarang was elevated to an
1603:
Soegija's younger sister reportedly attended a Catholic-run girls' school in Muntilan until her death, which Subanar suggests shows the family supported Soegija's choice (
1619:, pp. 46–48) suggests that the Capuchin's beard and darker skin, juxtaposed against the paleness of the Jesuits, made Soegija realise that he could become a priest.
879:
The Catholic Church at the time faced difficulty retaining converts. Some Javanese, who had converted as students, returned to Islam after reentering society and facing
1074:
vehicles. ... Luckily least there are still some lawmakers and Catholics out there. They work as representatives of their groups to ensure the city is in order."
412:. There he focused on creating a sense of Catholicism within the native community, emphasising the need for strong bonds between Catholic families. Soegijapranata was
1736:, p. 50). Some clergy, including Willekens, made use of the Vatican's diplomatic relations with Japan to claim diplomatic status, thus protecting themselves (
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891:. He counselled young Catholic couples before marriage, believing that these unions helped unite the Catholic families in the city, and continued to write for
179:
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Soegija and the students continued their education at Xaverius, receiving further instruction. According to Father G. Budi Subanar, a lecturer on theology at
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1382:
visited the country to see the Church's preparations. The KWI formally requested their own hierarchy in a May 1960 letter; this letter received a reply from
379:. He was baptised on 24 December 1910. After graduating from Xaverius in 1915 and spending a year as a teacher there, Soegija spent two years at the on-site
1092:
As the number of clergy was severely limited, Soegijapranata roamed from church to church to attend to parishioners, actively preaching and serving as the
1211:
on 21 July 1947, Soegijapranata declared that Indonesia's Catholics would work with the Indonesians and called for an end to the war in a speech on
790:. Soegijapranata wrote editorials that covered a variety of topics, including condemnations of communism and discussions of various aspects of poverty.
199:
1334:, historically under Dutch control but claimed by Indonesia. Soegijapranata firmly supported the Indonesian position; West Papua was annexed in 1963.
548:, while his wife sold fish; despite this, the family was poor and sometimes had little food. Soegija was a daring child, quick to fight, skilled at
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675:
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of Semarang since 1 August 1962, served as acting bishop. On 30 May 1963, Soegijapranata left Indonesia for Europe to attend the election of
754:
After joining the Jesuits Soegija spent another year in Mariëndaal in juniorate. Beginning in 1923 he studied philosophy at Berchmann College in
651:; the latter told him that humans were not meant to understand God with their limited knowledge. Soegija, who wanted to learn more, asked to be
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3555:
The Renewal of Revelation Theology (1960–1962): The Development and Responses to the Fourth Chapter of the Preparatory Schema De Deposito Fidei
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1451:
As Sukarno did not want Soegijapranata buried in the Netherlands, his body was flown to Indonesia after last rites were performed by Cardinal
1167: – renamed from Batavia during the Japanese occupation – to speak with the central government. Dwidjosewojo met with Prime Minister
1337:
There was also friction within the Catholic groups, first over Sukarno's 1957 decree that he was president for life and establishment of a
1058:
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428:
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Soemarno and Hardjasoewondo began their novitiates in 1921, along with four other Javanese. Later novitiates would be held in Yogyakarta (
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to show why he should not need his parents' permission. The priests agreed, and Soegija was baptised on 24 December 1910, taking the
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4065:
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895:, again serving as its editor in chief. In 1938, he was chosen to advise the Society of Jesus, coordinating Jesuit work in the Indies.
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forces sent to disarm the Japanese and repatriate prisoners of war arrived in Indonesia in September 1945. In Semarang, this led to
3803:
3689:
3643:
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809:; the pope told the Asian men that they were to be the "backbones" of Catholicism in their respective nations. Soegija was made a
395:, he was sent back to Muntilan as a teacher for a further two years. In 1928, he returned to the Netherlands to study theology at
1459:
on 26 July 1963, through Presidential Decree No. 152/1963, while his body was still in transit. Soegijapranata's body arrived at
1177:
1122:
1000:(103 European and 34 native), and 330 nuns (251 European and 79 native). The vicariate included Semarang, Yogyakarta, Surakarta,
603:, 30 kilometres (19 mi) north-west of Yogyakarta. Although his parents were initially worried that Soegija would become too
436:
3604:. Encyclopedia of world religions; Facts on File library of religion and mythology. New York: Facts on File. pp. 576–577.
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333:
109:
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programmes throughout the archipelago. On 2 November 1955, he and several other bishops issued a decree denouncing communism,
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Between 1942 and 1945 a total of 74 pastors, 47 brothers, and 160 nuns were killed by the Japanese forces. For example, the
817:
Laurentius Schrijnen on 15 August 1931, while still studying theology. After his ordination, Soegija appended the word
4205:
1428:
After a stay at Elisabeth Candi Hospital in Semarang in 1963, Soegijapranata was forbidden from undertaking active duties.
1444:, where he underwent treatment from 29 June until 6 July; this was unsuccessful. He died on 22 July 1963, at a nunnery in
1227:; however, formal diplomatic relations were not opened until 1950. Soegijapranata later became a friend of the president.
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1676:
1315:
1192:
569:(Number Two School), where he learned to read and write. He later transferred to a school in Wirogunan, Yogyakarta, near
989:'s efforts to appoint more pastors and bishops from native ethnic groups worldwide. Soegijapranata began working on the
883:. In a 1935 meeting with other Jesuits, Soegijapranata blamed the problem on the lack of a united Catholic identity, or
367:
when Soegija was still young; there he began his education. Known as a bright child, around 1909 he was asked by Father
5301:
1548:, is derived from Soegijapranata's opening speech at the 1954 All-Indonesia Catholic Congress in Semarang, as follows:
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in August 1945, the Japanese began withdrawing from the country. In support of the new Republic, Soegijapranata had an
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814:
759:
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based on Javanese tradition. He supervised the school's gamelan and gardening programs and became the chief editor of
715:
1725:
1535:. Several non-fiction biographies of Soegija, by both Catholic and non-Catholic writers, were released concurrently.
1469:
1268:
1251:). Held between 7 and 12 December, the congress resulted in the union of seven Catholic political parties into the
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560:
541:
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In 1933 the Javanese Catholic population of Yogyakarta was 7,092, up from a total of six 30 years earlier (
1510:. His grave in Giritunggal is often the site of pilgrimage for Indonesian Catholics, who hold graveside masses.
827:
after its bearer reached an important milestone. He finished his theology studies in 1932 and in 1933 spent his
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After two years at Xaverius, in August 1928, Soegija returned to the Netherlands, where he studied theology at
683:
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17:
1180:(NICA) and imprisoned; Soegijapranata, although he at times harboured Indonesian revolutionaries, was spared.
4531:
1338:
1215:; van Klinken describes the address as "passionate" and considers it to have boosted the Catholic populace's
1029:
Catholic groups, mostly working in education. However, the Indonesian Catholics were less prominent than the
345:
1379:
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747:. He completed his novitiate on 22 September 1922 and was initiated into the Jesuits, taking their oath of
691:, one of three native Indonesians who entered the seminary that year. He graduated in 1919, having studied
391:, and finished his juniorate there in 1923. After three years studying philosophy at Berchmann College in
5316:
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1318:(MAWI, later KWI), recognising Soegijapranata's devotion to the poor, put him in charge of establishing
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Towards an Independent Church: History of the Archdiocese of Semarang Under Two Archbishops (1940–1981)
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In Indonesian popular culture, Soegijapranata is known for his motto "100% Catholic, 100% Indonesian" (
1456:
1452:
1299:
1252:
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920:
774:, which circulated mainly among Xaverius alumni. Several of Soegija's other writings were published in
470:
424:
1302:(PKI). Soegijapranata believed that the PKI was making progress with the poor through its promises of
823:, meaning "prayer" or "hope", as a suffix to his birth name; such additions were a common practice in
798:
5077:
4431:
4240:
4125:
1346:
927:). The Apostolic Vicariate of Batavia was split in two on 25 June 1940; the eastern half became the
439:
in August 1945, Semarang was overcome with unrest. Soegijapranata helped broker a ceasefire after a
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552:, and noted for his intellect from a young age. While Soegija was still young, his father made him
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to join the Jesuits, the first of his classmates. While completing his studies at Mariëndaal in
530:; Soegija followed their religion. Soegija – whose name was derived from the Javanese word
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Minorities, Modernity and the Emerging Nation: Christians in Indonesia, a Biographical Approach
1794:
harus mengasihi Gereja Katolik, dan dengan demikian juga mengasihi negara, dengan segenap hati.
1753:
In the seminary at Muntilan, for example, the Islamic group Hisboella Youth killed two people (
1418:
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In Soegijapranata's apostolic vicariate there were 84 pastors (73 European and 11 native), 137
462:
77:
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in Semarang. Streets in several Indonesian cities are named after him, including in Semarang,
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at Randusari, Semarang, which served as Soegijapranata's seat for most of his time as a bishop
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with Willekens that outlined the historical background that led to his appointment, including
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1349:, resulted in Bishop of Jakarta Adrianus Djajasepoetra's denunciation of Soegijapranata as a
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After the Dutch recognised Indonesia's independence on 27 December 1949, following a
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4456:
4230:
4210:
4180:
4140:
1331:
908:
888:
536:, meaning rich – was the fifth of nine children. The family later moved to Ngabean,
1645:, p. 17). Another Javanese Jesuit, Reksatmadja, was ordained in the same ceremony (
778:. He graduated from Berchmann in 1926, then began preparations to return to the Indies.
85:
5238:
5062:
5057:
4772:
4476:
3811:
3582:
1778:
The Catholic Party, in response to Sukarno's decree, had not sent any representatives (
1729:
1303:
1137:
997:
648:
574:
545:
440:
317:
3941:
Menuju Gereja Mandiri: Sejarah Keuskupan Agung Semarang di Bawah Dua Uskup (1940–1981)
1365:
1306:
in a communist-led union. To combat this, he worked with other Catholics to establish
1255:. Soegijapranata continued his efforts to consolidate the Party after the revolution.
4961:
4946:
4854:
4521:
4185:
3971:
3948:
3851:
3832:
3789:
3718:
3628:
3605:
3559:
3538:
3517:
3431:
1528:
1464:
1460:
1208:
903:
The increasing population of Catholics in the Indies led Mgr. Petrus Willekens, then
767:
356:
341:
232:
59:
3850:. Blackwell guides to global Christianity. Malden: Wiley-Blackwell. pp. 61–77.
851:
5250:
5226:
5187:
5122:
5052:
4997:
4982:
4844:
4556:
4491:
4280:
4225:
4150:
4120:
4110:
1086:
1070:
972:
880:
824:
304:
69:
931:. On 1 August 1940 Willekens received a telegram from Pro-Secretary of State
643:, and asked several of the priests for clarification. Van Lith cited the works of
5192:
5177:
5162:
5087:
5037:
5022:
5007:
5002:
4823:
4762:
4633:
4385:
4265:
4220:
4145:
3989:
3845:
3783:
3712:
3599:
3553:
3532:
1383:
1307:
1231:
1126:
968:
887:, as well as few intermarriages between native Catholics. Soegijapranata opposed
856:
692:
664:
631:
604:
376:
99:
31:
1544:). The motto, which has been used to advertise several biographies and the film
797:. On 3 December 1929 he and four other Asian Jesuits joined Jesuit General
5197:
5152:
5107:
5032:
4798:
4731:
4710:
4628:
4511:
4451:
4441:
4275:
4255:
4235:
4050:
3262:
3260:
3258:
1524:
1410:. Semarang became the seat of the province of Semarang, and Soegijapranata its
1403:
1319:
1263:
1147:
700:
660:
644:
592:
368:
312:
1207:
failed to solve conflicts between Indonesia and the Netherlands and the Dutch
5260:
5127:
5067:
4936:
4875:
4849:
4808:
4715:
4526:
4486:
4446:
4436:
4400:
4365:
4355:
4310:
3913:
3353:
1672:
1514:
1433:
1168:
1001:
986:
977:
744:
481:
469:, the Netherlands. His body was flown back to Indonesia, where he was made a
42:
is a baptismal name, and the subject should be referred to by his birth name
3255:
634:, a 13th-century saint; Soegija based his baptismal name on that of Albertus
5172:
5132:
5082:
4916:
4906:
4839:
4818:
4757:
4741:
4461:
4395:
4195:
4160:
3836:
3598:
Flinn, Frank K (2010). "Soegijapranata, Albert (Albertus Soegijapranata)".
3419:
1437:
1172:
1013:
982:
932:
912:
873:
806:
802:
3736:[First Day Showing, 100,000 Tickets for the Film 'Soegija' Sold].
3359:
1480:
461:. At the time he was in Europe, participating in the first session of the
4956:
4951:
4705:
4571:
4466:
4350:
4300:
4155:
4130:
3694:
3671:
3648:
3558:. Gregorian Theses. Vol. 51. Rome: Pontifical Gregorian University.
3407:
1163:
issues, Soegijapranata sent a local man, Dwidjosewojo, to the capital at
1025:
948:
941:
828:
732:
679:
413:
35:
3731:
3437:
919:, as the area was culturally different and geographically separate from
324:; 25 November 1896 – 22 July 1963), better known by his birth name
5182:
5042:
4700:
4695:
4603:
4551:
4375:
4115:
1448:, the Netherlands, having had a heart attack shortly before his death.
1411:
1350:
1021:
940: – an uncharacteristic response – and, when eating a bowl of
937:
794:
755:
704:
570:
537:
400:
396:
392:
364:
337:
228:
1697:
dari instansiyang berwenang untuk mengatur kota agar tercipta suasana
1298:
heated up, tensions developed between the Church in Indonesia and the
1041:
5142:
5137:
4992:
4987:
4587:
4541:
4516:
4496:
4471:
4315:
1532:
1280:
763:
736:
617:
503:
454:
384:
352:
1020:; its geographic conditions ranged from the fertile lowlands of the
5233:
4536:
4501:
4320:
4305:
4270:
4190:
3947:] (in Indonesian). Yogyakarta: Sanata Dharma University Press.
3047:
1441:
1399:
1295:
1220:
1152:
1151:
The St Yoseph Church in Bintaran, which served as Soegijapranata's
1106:
1017:
1009:
1005:
956:
947:
Soegijapranata left for Semarang on 30 September 1940 and was
916:
782:
688:
652:
600:
511:
445:
409:
380:
372:
360:
278:
2757:
2344:
944:, asked if Hardjosoewarno had ever seen a bishop eating the dish.
4870:
4767:
4669:
4561:
4345:
4340:
4325:
4250:
3625:
Mgr. Albertus Soegijapranata SJ: Between the Church and the State
1519:
1491:
1391:
1354:
1353:. However, Soegijapranata was strongly against Sukarno's idea of
1323:
1224:
1196:
1164:
1102:
964:
924:
832:
640:
627:
591:
and singing with his parents. Around 1909 he was asked by Father
588:
573:. Beginning in his third year he attended a Dutch-run school for
520:
486:
433:
3443:
3233:
3231:
743:, he was separated from much of the world and spent his time in
4664:
4546:
4335:
3756:
3266:
1503:
1417:
When this happened, Soegijapranata was in Europe to attend the
1407:
1395:
1288:
1216:
1141:
960:
869:
596:
383:
before going to the Netherlands in 1919. He began his two-year
329:
3889:
3425:
3371:
3194:
3192:
3190:
3188:
3139:
3137:
3022:
3020:
2953:
2951:
2266:
1728:
Giovanni Aerts, along with eleven brothers and clergymen, was
4941:
3802:
3759:"Soegijapranata : A biopic of Indonesia's humanist hero"
3627:] (in Indonesian) (Revised ed.). Jakarta: Grasindo.
3537:. Studies in Christian Mission. Vol. 35. Leiden: Brill.
3365:
3228:
3088:
3086:
2983:
2981:
2968:
2966:
2591:
2589:
2417:
2415:
2413:
2334:
2332:
1507:
1445:
696:
621:
466:
249:
3572:
3413:
3383:
3272:
3173:
3161:
3122:
3098:
3059:
2921:
2919:
2552:
2550:
2148:
2146:
1386:
dated 20 March 1961, which divided the archipelago into six
1357:, which based part of the nation's government on communism.
540:. There, Karijosoedarmo began to serve as a courtier at the
348:
stance, often expressed as "100% Catholic 100% Indonesian".
3475:
3473:
3460:
3458:
3395:
3332:
3308:
3185:
3134:
3017:
2948:
2400:
2398:
1971:
1969:
1932:
1930:
728:
553:
526:
3732:
Kurniawan, Aloysius Budi; Aziz, Nasru Alam (8 June 2012).
3320:
3083:
2978:
2963:
2805:
2745:
2709:
2586:
2463:
2410:
2356:
2329:
2290:
1851:
1849:
1847:
1845:
1820:
1818:
1816:
1692:
Based on Subanar's translation from the original Javanese:
3734:"Hari Pertama Tayang, 100.000 Tiket Film 'Soegija' Ludes"
3621:
Mgr. Albertus Soegijapranata SJ: Antara Gereja dan Negara
2938:
2936:
2934:
2916:
2880:
2868:
2822:
2820:
2547:
2439:
2427:
2373:
2371:
2319:
2317:
2302:
2143:
1085:
Soegijapranata was unable to prevent Japanese torture of
843:); the work was released in Italian, Dutch, and Spanish.
835:, Belgium. That year he wrote an autobiography, entitled
3897:(in Indonesian). Semarang. 4 August 2009. Archived from
3810:(in Indonesian). Semarang. 5 August 2003. Archived from
3516:] (in Indonesian). Yogyakarta: Mata Padi Pressindo.
3470:
3455:
3296:
3243:
3149:
3110:
2685:
2511:
2395:
2230:
2170:
2158:
2083:
2073:
2071:
2056:
2044:
2032:
2020:
1986:
1984:
1966:
1954:
1927:
1893:
1891:
1876:
1866:
1864:
1138:
a conflict between Japanese forces and Indonesian rebels
859:, which Soegijapranata served concurrently with Bintaran
559:
Soegija started his formal education at a school in the
3844:
Prior, John (2011). "Indonesia". In Phan, Peter (ed.).
3485:
3284:
3071:
3037:
3035:
3005:
1915:
1842:
1813:
3531:
Aritonang, Jan S.; Steenbrink, Karel A., eds. (2008).
3216:
2993:
2931:
2892:
2817:
2793:
2733:
2721:
2697:
2673:
2661:
2625:
2613:
2601:
2499:
2383:
2368:
2314:
2278:
2254:
2242:
2194:
1942:
647:, while Mertens discussed the Trinity as explained by
494:, a large university in Semarang, is named after him.
5210:
3204:
2844:
2832:
2769:
2649:
2637:
2535:
2523:
2487:
2475:
2451:
2218:
2206:
2182:
2131:
2119:
2107:
2095:
2068:
2008:
1996:
1981:
1888:
1861:
1830:
1641:
The first Javanese pastor had been ordained in 1927 (
1061:
in early 1942, on 9 March 1942 Governor-General
967:; Soegijapranata's first act as vicar was to issue a
5277:
20th-century Roman Catholic archbishops in Indonesia
3032:
2574:
2562:
1903:
674:, during this period one of the teachers taught the
3864:
3806:[Teaching the People to Protect the Poor].
3577:[Honouring a Hero Under the Pouring Rain].
3530:
3449:
3053:
2763:
2350:
1680:
1440:. Soegijapranata then went to Canisius Hospital in
1360:
3869:[Ayu Utami Launches the Book 'Soegija'].
3687:
3377:
2904:
2856:
2781:
1112:
5258:
4080:
1539:
1246:
427:beginning in early 1942, and during the ensuing
416:as the vicar apostolic of the newly established
3641:
3389:
387:with the Society of Jesus in September 1920 in
5297:Converts to Roman Catholicism from Sunni Islam
3664:
3401:
818:
719:Soegija spent his novitiate at Mariëndaal, in
682:tendencies. On another occasion, a visit by a
564:
531:
524:Muslim, and Soegija's grandfather Soepa was a
371:to enter Xaverius College, a Jesuit school in
4066:
3970:] (in Indonesian). Yogyakarta: Kanisius.
3575:"Menghormati Pahlawan di Bawah Guyuran Hujan"
1517:released a biopic on Soegijapranata entitled
1463:in Jakarta on 28 July and was brought to the
1432:, a former internee of the Japanese army and
502:Soegija was born on 25 November 1896 in
3514:Soedirman: Father of the Indonesian Military
3438:Kurniawan and Aziz 2012, Hari Pertama Tayang
1230:After the Dutch captured the capital during
889:marriage between Catholics and non-Catholics
375:, where Soegija slowly became interested in
3826:
3710:
3338:
3326:
3314:
3237:
3026:
2957:
2811:
2715:
2556:
2445:
2433:
2404:
2308:
2272:
2152:
1882:
1741:
1591:
578:
4073:
4059:
3968:Soegija, the Son of the Javanese Bethlehem
1414:. He was elevated on 3 January 1961.
1314:(the five tenets). The following year the
1219:. Soegijapranata wrote extensively to the
1144:soldiers posted in front of the building.
993:in the region, establishing new parishes.
84:
27:Indonesian Catholic archbishop (1896–1963)
3873:(in Indonesian). Semarang. Archived from
3788:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
3581:(in Indonesian). Semarang. Archived from
3354:Setiawati 2012, 'Soegija' sends a message
1119:atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki
363:and his wife. The family moved to nearby
332:priest who became the Apostolic Vicar of
3804:"Mengajar Umat agar Membela Kaum Miskin"
3740:(in Indonesian). Jakarta. Archived from
3618:
3479:
3464:
3302:
3278:
3249:
3179:
3167:
3155:
3143:
3128:
3116:
3104:
3092:
3077:
3065:
3011:
2987:
2972:
2925:
2898:
2886:
2874:
2727:
2679:
2619:
2505:
2457:
2323:
2200:
1948:
1897:
1870:
1836:
1779:
1733:
1642:
1479:
1364:
1262:
1186:
1146:
1040:
981:which called for more local clergy, and
850:
714:
626:
448:to Yogyakarta. For the remainder of the
3961:
3938:
3916:"'Soegija' sends a message of humanity"
3491:
3290:
3198:
2999:
2942:
2850:
2838:
2826:
2799:
2775:
2751:
2739:
2703:
2691:
2667:
2655:
2643:
2631:
2607:
2595:
2541:
2529:
2517:
2493:
2481:
2469:
2421:
2389:
2377:
2362:
2338:
2296:
2284:
2260:
2248:
2236:
2224:
2212:
2188:
2176:
2164:
2137:
2125:
2113:
2101:
2089:
2077:
2062:
2050:
2038:
2026:
2014:
2002:
1990:
1975:
1960:
1936:
1921:
1909:
1824:
1768:... baru boleh pulang kalau mati."
1754:
1737:
1712:
1659:
1646:
1629:
1616:
1604:
1559:
1178:Netherlands Indies Civil Administration
1123:proclamation of Indonesian independence
518:, and his wife Soepiah. The family was
14:
5259:
3781:
3551:
3534:A History of Christianity in Indonesia
3222:
3210:
2568:
1484:Soegijapranata's grave in Giri Tunggal
1291:shows to teach the Bible to children.
1248:Kongres Umat Katolik Seluruh Indonesia
1036:
951:by Willekens on 6 October at the
4054:
3843:
3597:
3041:
1855:
1049:, which Soegijapranata prevented the
955:in Randusari, which later became his
727:Soegija and his classmates sailed to
710:
437:proclaimed the country's independence
311:
4206:Ignatius Joseph Kasimo Hendrowahyono
3867:"Ayu Utami Luncurkan Buku 'Soegija'"
3785:World Christianities C. 1914-C. 2000
3964:Soegija, Si Anak Bethlehem van Java
3831:(in Indonesian). Ende: Nusa Indah.
3507:
3267:Loka 2012, Soegijapranata: A biopic
2910:
2862:
2787:
2580:
610:
490:, was released to popular acclaim.
24:
3757:Loka, Emanuel Dapa (16 May 2012).
3510:Soedirman: Bapak Tentara Indonesia
3426:Suara Merdeka 2009, Semarang Metro
1498:Soegijapranata is the namesake of
1258:
1067:Royal Netherlands East Indies Army
1063:Tjarda van Starkenborgh Stachouwer
898:
776:St. Claverbond, Berichten uit Java
760:International Eucharistic Congress
492:Soegijapranata Catholic University
465:. Soegijapranata died in 1963, in
313:[alˈbərtʊssuˈɡijapraˈnata]
25:
5333:
3926:from the original on 4 March 2016
3769:from the original on 23 June 2012
3711:van Klinken, Geert Arend (2003).
3366:Suara Merdeka 2003, Mengajar Umat
1675:, was consecrated in 1951 as the
1671:The second, a Timorese man named
1369:Soegijapranata in his later years
5244:
5232:
5220:
3914:Setiawati, Indah (3 June 2012).
3829:Mgr. Albertus Soegijapranata S.J
3414:Fiska 2007, Menghormati Pahlawan
1785:
1772:
1760:
1455:. Soegijapranata was declared a
1361:Archbishop of Semarang and death
1316:Bishops' Conference of Indonesia
813:in May 1931; he was ordained by
556:in accordance with Islamic law.
542:Kraton Ngayogyakarta Hadiningrat
4942:Haji Abdul Malik Karim Amrullah
3573:Fiska, Modesta (30 June 2007).
3500:
3054:Aritonang & Steenbrink 2008
2764:Aritonang & Steenbrink 2008
2351:Aritonang & Steenbrink 2008
1747:
1726:Bishop of Maluku and West Papua
1718:
1706:
1686:
1681:Aritonang & Steenbrink 2008
1665:
1652:
1635:
1622:
1610:
1597:
929:Apostolic Vicariate of Semarang
749:poverty, chastity and obedience
587:. Outside of school he studied
418:Apostolic Vicariate of Semarang
3865:Raditya, Garna (8 June 2012).
3827:Moeryantini, Henricia (1975).
1585:
1541:"100% Katolik, 100% Indonesia"
1423:Central Preparatory Commission
1157:Indonesian National Revolution
1113:Indonesian National Revolution
837:La Conversione di un Giavanese
13:
1:
1802:
1470:Giri Tunggal Heroes' Cemetery
1277:several month-long conference
497:
475:Giri Tunggal Heroes' Cemetery
344:bishop and known for his pro-
261:Giri Tunggal Heroes' Cemetery
5287:National Heroes of Indonesia
4361:Sutan Mohammad Amin Nasution
4082:National Heroes of Indonesia
1807:
1677:Vicar Apostolic of Larantuka
1574:Catholic Church in Indonesia
1345:calling for a return to the
1059:Japanese occupied the Indies
846:
841:The Conversion of a Javanese
7:
5093:Machmud Singgirei Rumagesan
4006:Vicar Apostolic of Semarang
3601:Encyclopedia of Catholicism
1567:
1500:a large Catholic university
10:
5338:
5282:Indonesian Roman Catholics
5173:Syech Yusuf Tajul Khalwati
4881:Wilhelmus Zakaria Johannes
3552:Cahill, Brendan J (1999).
1558:Soegijapranata, quoted in
1457:National Hero of Indonesia
1453:Bernardus Johannes Alfrink
1380:Grégoire-Pierre Agagianian
1300:Indonesian Communist Party
1193:Georges de Jonghe d'Ardoye
1051:Japanese occupation forces
905:Vicar Apostolic of Batavia
29:
5302:Indonesian former Muslims
5078:I Gusti Ngurah Made Agung
4970:
4889:
4863:
4832:
4791:
4750:
4724:
4688:
4657:
4596:
4580:
4432:Andi Abdullah Bau Massepe
4409:
4241:Lambertus Nicodemus Palar
4126:Alexander Andries Maramis
4088:
4039:
4030:
4022:
4012:
4003:
3995:
3988:
3962:Subanar, G. Budi (2003).
3939:Subanar, G. Budi (2005).
1475:
933:Giovanni Battista Montini
857:parish church in Ganjuran
285:
274:
266:
256:
239:
210:
205:
192:
172:
167:
157:
147:
139:
131:
123:
115:
105:
95:
83:
76:
57:
5113:Martha Christina Tiahahu
5103:Mahmud Shah III of Johor
4778:Ki Sarmidi Mangunsarkoro
4624:Donald Izacus Pandjaitan
4532:Soekanto Tjokrodiatmodjo
4391:Oemar Said Tjokroaminoto
4371:Sjafruddin Prawiranegara
4201:Ida Anak Agung Gde Agung
3619:Gonggong, Anhar (2012).
1579:
1388:ecclesiastical provinces
1213:Radio Republik Indonesia
907:, to suggest that a new
672:Sanata Dharma University
639:He was intrigued by the
5118:Nuku Muhammad Amiruddin
4927:Albertus Soegijapranata
4804:Johannes Abraham Dimara
4567:Robert Wolter Mongisidi
4136:Andi Sultan Daeng Radja
4016:Elevated to archdiocese
3717:. Leiden: KITLV Press.
3508:Adi, A. Kresna (2011).
3450:Raditya 2012, Ayu Utami
1339:guided democracy policy
799:Wlodzimierz Ledóchowski
580:Hollands Inlands School
546:Hamengkubuwono VII
459:ecclesiastical province
301:Albertus Soegijapranata
65:Albertus Soegijapranata
5307:Clergy in World War II
5073:I Gusti Ketut Jelantik
5048:Raja Haji Fisabilillah
4680:Wahidin Soedirohoesodo
4675:Tjipto Mangoenkoesoemo
4614:Mas Tirtodarmo Haryono
4507:Muhammad Mangundiprojo
4296:Rajiman Wediodiningrat
4261:Mohammad Husni Thamrin
4176:Ferdinand Lumbantobing
4101:Abdul Halim Majalengka
4033:Archbishop of Semarang
3990:Catholic Church titles
3847:Christianities in Asia
1565:
1540:
1513:In June 2012 director
1485:
1419:Second Vatican Council
1390:: two in Java, one in
1370:
1272:
1247:
1200:
1159:
1054:
860:
819:
724:
635:
579:
565:
532:
506:to Karijosoedarmo, an
463:Second Vatican Council
322:Albertus Sugiyapranata
293:(In the Name of Jesus)
90:Soegijapranata in 1960
78:Archbishop of Semarang
5322:People from Surakarta
4902:Abdul Wahab Hasbullah
4783:Maria Walanda Maramis
4737:Wage Rudolf Supratman
4639:Sugiyono Mangunwiyoto
4216:Iwa Koesoemasoemantri
4166:Djoeanda Kartawidjaja
4096:Abdoel Kahar Moezakir
3782:McLeod, Hugh (2006).
3378:Google Maps, Semarang
1550:
1483:
1368:
1343:decree on 5 July 1959
1269:Holy Rosary Cathedral
1266:
1243:George McTurnan Kahin
1205:Linggadjati Agreement
1190:
1150:
1099:apostolic prefectures
1044:
973:Pope Benedict XV
854:
718:
657:Finding in the Temple
630:
563:, known locally as a
516:Sunanate of Surakarta
5168:Sisingamangaraja XII
5098:Mahmud Badaruddin II
5028:Teungku Chik di Tiro
4922:As'ad Syamsul Arifin
4814:Pajonga Daeng Ngalie
4417:Abdul Haris Nasution
4381:Teuku Muhammad Hasan
4331:Sukarjo Wiryopranoto
4286:Oto Iskandar di Nata
4246:Maskoen Soemadiredja
4171:Ernest Douwes Dekker
4106:Abdurrahman Baswedan
4043:Justinus Darmojuwono
1782:, pp. 117–118).
1430:Justinus Darmojuwono
1376:Indonesian languages
1209:attacked republicans
1053:from seizing in 1942
975:'s apostolic letter
351:Soegija was born in
180:Laurentius Schrijnen
162:Justinus Darmojuwono
152:Position established
5158:Ranggong Daeng Romo
4932:Bagoes Hadikoesoemo
4649:Sutoyo Siswomiharjo
4619:Katamso Darmokusumo
4609:Karel Satsuit Tubun
4457:Halim Perdanakusuma
4231:Kasman Singodimedjo
4211:I Gusti Ketut Pudja
4181:Gatot Mangkoepradja
4141:Arie Frederik Lasut
3390:Google Maps, Malang
3281:, pp. 124–125.
3201:, pp. 113–114.
3182:, pp. 117–118.
3170:, pp. 114–116.
3131:, pp. 104–105.
3107:, pp. 110–111.
3068:, pp. 106–108.
2754:, pp. 143–144.
2598:, pp. 133–134.
2472:, pp. 131–132.
2424:, pp. 129–130.
2365:, pp. 121–122.
2341:, pp. 116–118.
2299:, pp. 107–113.
2275:, pp. 175–176.
1858:, pp. 576–577.
1701:, tertib dan damai.
1378:. In 1959 Cardinal
1191:Soegijapranata and
1155:during much of the
1080:Gedangan Presbytery
1037:Japanese occupation
915:, headquartered in
909:apostolic vicariate
781:Soegija arrived in
620:, discussions, and
450:national revolution
340:. He was the first
5317:Jesuit archbishops
5292:Indonesian Jesuits
5063:Tuanku Imam Bonjol
4773:Ki Hajar Dewantara
4547:Sutomo (Bung Tomo)
4477:I Gusti Ngurah Rai
4422:Abdul Rahman Saleh
3402:Google Maps, Medan
3146:, pp. 99–100.
1730:summarily executed
1632:, pp. 65–67).
1486:
1371:
1273:
1201:
1160:
1055:
1045:The presbytery at
987:Pope Pius XII
953:Holy Rosary Church
911:be established in
861:
815:Bishop of Roermond
801:in a meeting with
725:
711:Path to priesthood
676:Fourth Commandment
649:Augustine of Hippo
636:
575:native Indonesians
566:Sekolah Angka Loro
425:invaded the Indies
405:Bishop of Roermond
318:Perfected Spelling
135:1 August 1940
46:or his adult name
5206:
5205:
4962:Nyai Ahmad Dahlan
4855:Tirto Adhi Soerjo
4522:Oerip Soemohardjo
4492:R. E. Martadinata
4186:Hamengkubuwono IX
4049:
4048:
4040:Succeeded by
4037:1961 – 1963
4013:Succeeded by
4010:1940 – 1961
3977:978-979-21-0727-2
3954:978-978-979-210-8
3901:on 4 January 2013
3857:978-1-4443-9260-9
3795:978-0-521-81500-0
3724:978-90-6718-151-8
3634:978-979-081-803-3
3611:978-0-8160-7565-2
3565:978-88-7652-832-3
3544:978-90-04-17026-1
3523:978-602-95337-1-2
3240:, pp. 29–31.
3095:, pp. 97–98.
2990:, pp. 90–92.
2975:, pp. 88–89.
2928:, pp. 74–77.
2889:, pp. 68–69.
2877:, pp. 64–66.
2694:, pp. 64–66.
2583:, pp. 18–24.
2520:, pp. 44–45.
2179:, pp. 87–88.
2167:, pp. 82–86.
2092:, pp. 70–71.
2065:, pp. 65–67.
2053:, pp. 61–64.
2041:, pp. 52–53.
2029:, pp. 46–48.
1978:, pp. 38–40.
1963:, pp. 36–37.
1939:, pp. 34–35.
1924:, pp. 28–29.
1827:, pp. 19–21.
1592:van Klinken (2003
1465:Jakarta Cathedral
1461:Kemayoran Airport
1347:1945 constitution
1241:with the help of
983:Pope Pius XI
885:sensus Catholicus
803:Pope Pius XI
768:Javanese-language
766:in 1924, for the
723:, the Netherlands
357:Dutch East Indies
342:native Indonesian
298:
297:
233:Dutch East Indies
60:The Most Reverend
16:(Redirected from
5329:
5249:
5248:
5247:
5237:
5236:
5225:
5224:
5223:
5216:
5188:Thaha Syaifuddin
5123:Nyi Ageng Serang
5053:Hamengkubuwono I
4998:Andi Mappanyukki
4845:Mohammad Tabrani
4557:T. B. Simatupang
4281:Opu Daeng Risaju
4226:Johannes Leimena
4151:Bagindo Azizchan
4121:Adnan Kapau Gani
4111:Achmad Soebardjo
4075:
4068:
4061:
4052:
4051:
4023:Preceded by
3996:Preceded by
3986:
3985:
3981:
3958:
3935:
3933:
3931:
3920:The Jakarta Post
3910:
3908:
3906:
3891:"Semarang Metro"
3886:
3884:
3882:
3861:
3840:
3823:
3821:
3819:
3799:
3778:
3776:
3774:
3763:The Jakarta Post
3753:
3751:
3749:
3728:
3707:
3706:
3704:
3702:
3684:
3683:
3681:
3679:
3661:
3660:
3658:
3656:
3638:
3615:
3594:
3592:
3590:
3569:
3548:
3527:
3495:
3489:
3483:
3477:
3468:
3462:
3453:
3447:
3441:
3435:
3429:
3423:
3417:
3411:
3405:
3399:
3393:
3387:
3381:
3375:
3369:
3363:
3357:
3351:
3342:
3339:van Klinken 2003
3336:
3330:
3327:van Klinken 2003
3324:
3318:
3315:Moeryantini 1975
3312:
3306:
3300:
3294:
3288:
3282:
3276:
3270:
3264:
3253:
3247:
3241:
3238:Moeryantini 1975
3235:
3226:
3220:
3214:
3208:
3202:
3196:
3183:
3177:
3171:
3165:
3159:
3153:
3147:
3141:
3132:
3126:
3120:
3114:
3108:
3102:
3096:
3090:
3081:
3075:
3069:
3063:
3057:
3051:
3045:
3039:
3030:
3027:van Klinken 2003
3024:
3015:
3009:
3003:
2997:
2991:
2985:
2976:
2970:
2961:
2958:van Klinken 2003
2955:
2946:
2940:
2929:
2923:
2914:
2908:
2902:
2896:
2890:
2884:
2878:
2872:
2866:
2860:
2854:
2848:
2842:
2836:
2830:
2824:
2815:
2812:van Klinken 2003
2809:
2803:
2797:
2791:
2785:
2779:
2773:
2767:
2761:
2755:
2749:
2743:
2737:
2731:
2725:
2719:
2716:van Klinken 2003
2713:
2707:
2701:
2695:
2689:
2683:
2677:
2671:
2665:
2659:
2653:
2647:
2641:
2635:
2629:
2623:
2617:
2611:
2605:
2599:
2593:
2584:
2578:
2572:
2566:
2560:
2557:Moeryantini 1975
2554:
2545:
2539:
2533:
2527:
2521:
2515:
2509:
2503:
2497:
2491:
2485:
2479:
2473:
2467:
2461:
2455:
2449:
2446:Moeryantini 1975
2443:
2437:
2434:Moeryantini 1975
2431:
2425:
2419:
2408:
2405:Moeryantini 1975
2402:
2393:
2387:
2381:
2375:
2366:
2360:
2354:
2348:
2342:
2336:
2327:
2321:
2312:
2309:Moeryantini 1975
2306:
2300:
2294:
2288:
2282:
2276:
2273:van Klinken 2003
2270:
2264:
2258:
2252:
2246:
2240:
2239:, p. 97–98.
2234:
2228:
2222:
2216:
2210:
2204:
2198:
2192:
2186:
2180:
2174:
2168:
2162:
2156:
2153:Moeryantini 1975
2150:
2141:
2135:
2129:
2123:
2117:
2111:
2105:
2099:
2093:
2087:
2081:
2075:
2066:
2060:
2054:
2048:
2042:
2036:
2030:
2024:
2018:
2012:
2006:
2000:
1994:
1988:
1979:
1973:
1964:
1958:
1952:
1946:
1940:
1934:
1925:
1919:
1913:
1907:
1901:
1895:
1886:
1883:Moeryantini 1975
1880:
1874:
1868:
1859:
1853:
1840:
1834:
1828:
1822:
1797:
1789:
1783:
1776:
1770:
1764:
1758:
1751:
1745:
1742:van Klinken 2003
1722:
1716:
1710:
1704:
1690:
1684:
1669:
1663:
1656:
1650:
1639:
1633:
1626:
1620:
1614:
1608:
1601:
1595:
1589:
1563:
1543:
1250:
1087:prisoners of war
1071:Hein ter Poorten
1065:and head of the
991:Church hierarchy
881:social ostracism
825:Javanese culture
822:
611:Xaverius College
582:
568:
535:
473:and interred at
315:
310:
294:
246:
225:25 November 1896
224:
222:
206:Personal details
200:Petrus Willekens
188:
88:
55:
54:
34:does not have a
21:
5337:
5336:
5332:
5331:
5330:
5328:
5327:
5326:
5312:Javanese people
5257:
5256:
5255:
5245:
5243:
5231:
5221:
5219:
5211:
5207:
5202:
5193:Untung Surapati
5178:Tuanku Tambusai
5163:Ratu Kalinyamat
5088:La Maddukelleng
5038:Cut Nyak Meutia
5023:Bataha Santiago
5018:Sultan Babullah
5008:Prince Antasari
5003:Aria Wangsakara
4988:Ageng Tirtayasa
4966:
4885:
4859:
4828:
4824:Syarif Kasim II
4787:
4763:Herman Johannes
4746:
4720:
4684:
4653:
4634:Siswondo Parman
4597:Revolutionaries
4592:
4576:
4405:
4386:Teuku Nyak Arif
4266:Mohammad Natsir
4221:Izaak Huru Doko
4146:Arnold Mononutu
4084:
4079:
4045:
4036:
4028:
4018:
4009:
4001:
3984:
3978:
3955:
3929:
3927:
3904:
3902:
3880:
3878:
3877:on 13 June 2012
3858:
3817:
3815:
3814:on 11 June 2012
3796:
3772:
3770:
3747:
3745:
3744:on 25 June 2012
3725:
3700:
3698:
3688:
3677:
3675:
3665:
3654:
3652:
3642:
3635:
3612:
3588:
3586:
3585:on 3 March 2016
3566:
3545:
3524:
3503:
3498:
3490:
3486:
3478:
3471:
3463:
3456:
3448:
3444:
3436:
3432:
3424:
3420:
3412:
3408:
3400:
3396:
3388:
3384:
3376:
3372:
3364:
3360:
3352:
3345:
3337:
3333:
3325:
3321:
3313:
3309:
3301:
3297:
3289:
3285:
3277:
3273:
3265:
3256:
3248:
3244:
3236:
3229:
3221:
3217:
3209:
3205:
3197:
3186:
3178:
3174:
3166:
3162:
3154:
3150:
3142:
3135:
3127:
3123:
3115:
3111:
3103:
3099:
3091:
3084:
3076:
3072:
3064:
3060:
3052:
3048:
3040:
3033:
3025:
3018:
3010:
3006:
2998:
2994:
2986:
2979:
2971:
2964:
2956:
2949:
2941:
2932:
2924:
2917:
2909:
2905:
2897:
2893:
2885:
2881:
2873:
2869:
2861:
2857:
2849:
2845:
2837:
2833:
2825:
2818:
2810:
2806:
2798:
2794:
2786:
2782:
2774:
2770:
2762:
2758:
2750:
2746:
2738:
2734:
2726:
2722:
2714:
2710:
2702:
2698:
2690:
2686:
2678:
2674:
2666:
2662:
2654:
2650:
2642:
2638:
2630:
2626:
2618:
2614:
2606:
2602:
2594:
2587:
2579:
2575:
2567:
2563:
2555:
2548:
2540:
2536:
2528:
2524:
2516:
2512:
2504:
2500:
2492:
2488:
2480:
2476:
2468:
2464:
2456:
2452:
2444:
2440:
2432:
2428:
2420:
2411:
2403:
2396:
2388:
2384:
2376:
2369:
2361:
2357:
2349:
2345:
2337:
2330:
2322:
2315:
2307:
2303:
2295:
2291:
2283:
2279:
2271:
2267:
2259:
2255:
2247:
2243:
2235:
2231:
2223:
2219:
2211:
2207:
2199:
2195:
2187:
2183:
2175:
2171:
2163:
2159:
2151:
2144:
2136:
2132:
2124:
2120:
2112:
2108:
2100:
2096:
2088:
2084:
2076:
2069:
2061:
2057:
2049:
2045:
2037:
2033:
2025:
2021:
2013:
2009:
2001:
1997:
1989:
1982:
1974:
1967:
1959:
1955:
1947:
1943:
1935:
1928:
1920:
1916:
1908:
1904:
1896:
1889:
1881:
1877:
1869:
1862:
1854:
1843:
1835:
1831:
1823:
1814:
1810:
1805:
1800:
1790:
1786:
1777:
1773:
1765:
1761:
1752:
1748:
1744:, p. 177).
1723:
1719:
1711:
1707:
1693:
1691:
1687:
1683:, p. 269).
1670:
1666:
1662:, p. 102).
1657:
1653:
1640:
1636:
1627:
1623:
1615:
1611:
1602:
1598:
1590:
1586:
1582:
1570:
1564:
1557:
1553:all our hearts.
1478:
1421:as part of the
1384:Pope John XXIII
1363:
1304:workers' rights
1261:
1259:Post-revolution
1232:Operation Kraai
1195:with President
1127:Indonesian flag
1115:
1039:
969:pastoral letter
901:
899:Vicar apostolic
849:
713:
665:Albertus Magnus
632:Albertus Magnus
613:
607:, they agreed.
500:
441:five-day battle
399:, where he was
308:
292:
248:
244:
235:
226:
220:
218:
217:
216:
197:
182:
177:
100:Catholic Church
91:
72:
67:
66:
63:
62:
51:
50:as appropriate.
32:Indonesian name
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5335:
5325:
5324:
5319:
5314:
5309:
5304:
5299:
5294:
5289:
5284:
5279:
5274:
5269:
5254:
5253:
5241:
5229:
5204:
5203:
5201:
5200:
5198:Zainal Mustafa
5195:
5190:
5185:
5180:
5175:
5170:
5165:
5160:
5155:
5153:Radin Inten II
5150:
5148:Raden Mattaher
5145:
5140:
5135:
5130:
5125:
5120:
5115:
5110:
5108:Mangkunegara I
5105:
5100:
5095:
5090:
5085:
5080:
5075:
5070:
5065:
5060:
5055:
5050:
5045:
5040:
5035:
5033:Cut Nyak Dhien
5030:
5025:
5020:
5015:
5010:
5005:
5000:
4995:
4990:
4985:
4980:
4974:
4972:
4968:
4967:
4965:
4964:
4959:
4954:
4949:
4947:Hasyim Asy'ari
4944:
4939:
4934:
4929:
4924:
4919:
4914:
4912:Ahmad Hanafiah
4909:
4904:
4899:
4893:
4891:
4887:
4886:
4884:
4883:
4878:
4873:
4867:
4865:
4861:
4860:
4858:
4857:
4852:
4847:
4842:
4836:
4834:
4830:
4829:
4827:
4826:
4821:
4816:
4811:
4806:
4801:
4799:Frans Kaisiepo
4795:
4793:
4789:
4788:
4786:
4785:
4780:
4775:
4770:
4765:
4760:
4754:
4752:
4748:
4747:
4745:
4744:
4739:
4734:
4732:Ismail Marzuki
4728:
4726:
4722:
4721:
4719:
4718:
4713:
4711:Mohammad Yamin
4708:
4703:
4698:
4692:
4690:
4686:
4685:
4683:
4682:
4677:
4672:
4667:
4661:
4659:
4655:
4654:
4652:
4651:
4646:
4641:
4636:
4631:
4629:Pierre Tendean
4626:
4621:
4616:
4611:
4606:
4600:
4598:
4594:
4593:
4591:
4590:
4584:
4582:
4578:
4577:
4575:
4574:
4569:
4564:
4559:
4554:
4549:
4544:
4539:
4534:
4529:
4524:
4519:
4514:
4512:Muhammad Yasin
4509:
4504:
4499:
4494:
4489:
4484:
4479:
4474:
4469:
4464:
4459:
4454:
4452:Gatot Soebroto
4449:
4444:
4442:Djamin Ginting
4439:
4434:
4429:
4424:
4419:
4413:
4411:
4407:
4406:
4404:
4403:
4398:
4393:
4388:
4383:
4378:
4373:
4368:
4363:
4358:
4353:
4348:
4343:
4338:
4333:
4328:
4323:
4318:
4313:
4308:
4303:
4298:
4293:
4288:
4283:
4278:
4276:Nani Wartabone
4273:
4268:
4263:
4258:
4256:Mohammad Hatta
4253:
4248:
4243:
4238:
4236:Kusumah Atmaja
4233:
4228:
4223:
4218:
4213:
4208:
4203:
4198:
4193:
4188:
4183:
4178:
4173:
4168:
4163:
4158:
4153:
4148:
4143:
4138:
4133:
4128:
4123:
4118:
4113:
4108:
4103:
4098:
4092:
4090:
4086:
4085:
4078:
4077:
4070:
4063:
4055:
4047:
4046:
4041:
4038:
4029:
4024:
4020:
4019:
4014:
4011:
4002:
3997:
3993:
3992:
3983:
3982:
3976:
3959:
3953:
3936:
3911:
3887:
3862:
3856:
3841:
3824:
3800:
3794:
3779:
3754:
3729:
3723:
3708:
3685:
3662:
3639:
3633:
3616:
3610:
3595:
3570:
3564:
3549:
3543:
3528:
3522:
3504:
3502:
3499:
3497:
3496:
3494:, p. 134.
3484:
3482:, p. 138.
3469:
3467:, p. 140.
3454:
3442:
3430:
3418:
3406:
3394:
3382:
3370:
3358:
3343:
3341:, p. 187.
3331:
3319:
3317:, p. 125.
3307:
3305:, p. 127.
3295:
3293:, p. 146.
3283:
3271:
3254:
3252:, p. 124.
3242:
3227:
3225:, p. 195.
3215:
3203:
3184:
3172:
3160:
3158:, p. 112.
3148:
3133:
3121:
3119:, p. 102.
3109:
3097:
3082:
3070:
3058:
3056:, p. 193.
3046:
3031:
3029:, p. 184.
3016:
3004:
2992:
2977:
2962:
2960:, p. 180.
2947:
2930:
2915:
2903:
2891:
2879:
2867:
2855:
2843:
2831:
2829:, p. 147.
2816:
2814:, p. 178.
2804:
2802:, p. 146.
2792:
2780:
2768:
2766:, p. 705.
2756:
2744:
2742:, p. 142.
2732:
2720:
2718:, p. 177.
2708:
2706:, p. 140.
2696:
2684:
2672:
2670:, p. 136.
2660:
2648:
2636:
2634:, p. 139.
2624:
2612:
2610:, p. 135.
2600:
2585:
2573:
2561:
2546:
2534:
2522:
2510:
2498:
2486:
2474:
2462:
2450:
2438:
2426:
2409:
2394:
2392:, p. 127.
2382:
2380:, p. 123.
2367:
2355:
2353:, p. 709.
2343:
2328:
2313:
2301:
2289:
2287:, p. 106.
2277:
2265:
2263:, p. 105.
2253:
2251:, p. 103.
2241:
2229:
2217:
2205:
2193:
2181:
2169:
2157:
2142:
2130:
2118:
2106:
2094:
2082:
2067:
2055:
2043:
2031:
2019:
2007:
1995:
1980:
1965:
1953:
1941:
1926:
1914:
1902:
1887:
1875:
1860:
1841:
1829:
1811:
1809:
1806:
1804:
1801:
1799:
1798:
1784:
1771:
1759:
1757:, p. 72).
1746:
1717:
1705:
1685:
1664:
1651:
1649:, p. 90).
1634:
1621:
1609:
1607:, p. 41).
1596:
1583:
1581:
1578:
1577:
1576:
1569:
1566:
1555:
1525:Nirwan Dewanto
1477:
1474:
1362:
1359:
1320:social-support
1260:
1257:
1253:Catholic Party
1114:
1111:
1038:
1035:
900:
897:
848:
845:
712:
709:
663:Albertus, for
661:baptismal name
655:, quoting the
645:Thomas Aquinas
612:
609:
593:Frans van Lith
561:Kraton complex
499:
496:
369:Frans van Lith
359:, to a Muslim
336:and later its
296:
295:
290:In Nomine Jesu
287:
283:
282:
276:
272:
271:
268:
264:
263:
258:
254:
253:
247:(aged 66)
241:
237:
236:
227:
214:
212:
208:
207:
203:
202:
196:6 October 1940
194:
190:
189:
176:15 August 1931
174:
170:
169:
165:
164:
159:
155:
154:
149:
145:
144:
141:
137:
136:
133:
129:
128:
125:
121:
120:
117:
113:
112:
107:
103:
102:
97:
93:
92:
89:
81:
80:
74:
73:
68:
64:
58:
48:Soegijapranata
26:
18:Soegijapranata
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5334:
5323:
5320:
5318:
5315:
5313:
5310:
5308:
5305:
5303:
5300:
5298:
5295:
5293:
5290:
5288:
5285:
5283:
5280:
5278:
5275:
5273:
5270:
5268:
5265:
5264:
5262:
5252:
5242:
5240:
5235:
5230:
5228:
5218:
5217:
5214:
5209:
5199:
5196:
5194:
5191:
5189:
5186:
5184:
5181:
5179:
5176:
5174:
5171:
5169:
5166:
5164:
5161:
5159:
5156:
5154:
5151:
5149:
5146:
5144:
5141:
5139:
5136:
5134:
5131:
5129:
5128:Pakubuwono VI
5126:
5124:
5121:
5119:
5116:
5114:
5111:
5109:
5106:
5104:
5101:
5099:
5096:
5094:
5091:
5089:
5086:
5084:
5081:
5079:
5076:
5074:
5071:
5069:
5068:Iskandar Muda
5066:
5064:
5061:
5059:
5056:
5054:
5051:
5049:
5046:
5044:
5041:
5039:
5036:
5034:
5031:
5029:
5026:
5024:
5021:
5019:
5016:
5014:
5011:
5009:
5006:
5004:
5001:
4999:
4996:
4994:
4991:
4989:
4986:
4984:
4983:Achmad Rifa'i
4981:
4979:
4976:
4975:
4973:
4969:
4963:
4960:
4958:
4955:
4953:
4950:
4948:
4945:
4943:
4940:
4938:
4935:
4933:
4930:
4928:
4925:
4923:
4920:
4918:
4915:
4913:
4910:
4908:
4905:
4903:
4900:
4898:
4895:
4894:
4892:
4888:
4882:
4879:
4877:
4876:Siti Hartinah
4874:
4872:
4869:
4868:
4866:
4862:
4856:
4853:
4851:
4850:Ruhana Kuddus
4848:
4846:
4843:
4841:
4838:
4837:
4835:
4831:
4825:
4822:
4820:
4817:
4815:
4812:
4810:
4809:Marthen Indey
4807:
4805:
4802:
4800:
4797:
4796:
4794:
4790:
4784:
4781:
4779:
4776:
4774:
4771:
4769:
4766:
4764:
4761:
4759:
4756:
4755:
4753:
4749:
4743:
4740:
4738:
4735:
4733:
4730:
4729:
4727:
4723:
4717:
4716:Raja Ali Haji
4714:
4712:
4709:
4707:
4704:
4702:
4699:
4697:
4694:
4693:
4691:
4687:
4681:
4678:
4676:
4673:
4671:
4668:
4666:
4663:
4662:
4660:
4656:
4650:
4647:
4645:
4642:
4640:
4637:
4635:
4632:
4630:
4627:
4625:
4622:
4620:
4617:
4615:
4612:
4610:
4607:
4605:
4602:
4601:
4599:
4595:
4589:
4586:
4585:
4583:
4579:
4573:
4570:
4568:
4565:
4563:
4562:Usman Janatin
4560:
4558:
4555:
4553:
4550:
4548:
4545:
4543:
4540:
4538:
4535:
4533:
4530:
4528:
4527:Slamet Rijadi
4525:
4523:
4520:
4518:
4515:
4513:
4510:
4508:
4505:
4503:
4500:
4498:
4495:
4493:
4490:
4488:
4487:Keumalahayati
4485:
4483:
4480:
4478:
4475:
4473:
4470:
4468:
4465:
4463:
4460:
4458:
4455:
4453:
4450:
4448:
4447:Djatikoesoemo
4445:
4443:
4440:
4438:
4437:Basuki Rahmat
4435:
4433:
4430:
4428:
4425:
4423:
4420:
4418:
4415:
4414:
4412:
4408:
4402:
4401:Zainul Arifin
4399:
4397:
4394:
4392:
4389:
4387:
4384:
4382:
4379:
4377:
4374:
4372:
4369:
4367:
4366:Sutan Sjahrir
4364:
4362:
4359:
4357:
4356:Soerjopranoto
4354:
4352:
4349:
4347:
4344:
4342:
4339:
4337:
4334:
4332:
4329:
4327:
4324:
4322:
4319:
4317:
4314:
4312:
4311:Sam Ratulangi
4309:
4307:
4304:
4302:
4299:
4297:
4294:
4292:
4289:
4287:
4284:
4282:
4279:
4277:
4274:
4272:
4269:
4267:
4264:
4262:
4259:
4257:
4254:
4252:
4249:
4247:
4244:
4242:
4239:
4237:
4234:
4232:
4229:
4227:
4224:
4222:
4219:
4217:
4214:
4212:
4209:
4207:
4204:
4202:
4199:
4197:
4194:
4192:
4189:
4187:
4184:
4182:
4179:
4177:
4174:
4172:
4169:
4167:
4164:
4162:
4159:
4157:
4154:
4152:
4149:
4147:
4144:
4142:
4139:
4137:
4134:
4132:
4129:
4127:
4124:
4122:
4119:
4117:
4114:
4112:
4109:
4107:
4104:
4102:
4099:
4097:
4094:
4093:
4091:
4087:
4083:
4076:
4071:
4069:
4064:
4062:
4057:
4056:
4053:
4044:
4035:
4034:
4027:
4021:
4017:
4008:
4007:
4000:
3994:
3991:
3987:
3979:
3973:
3969:
3965:
3960:
3956:
3950:
3946:
3942:
3937:
3925:
3921:
3917:
3912:
3900:
3896:
3895:Suara Merdeka
3892:
3888:
3876:
3872:
3871:Suara Merdeka
3868:
3863:
3859:
3853:
3849:
3848:
3842:
3838:
3834:
3830:
3825:
3813:
3809:
3808:Suara Merdeka
3805:
3801:
3797:
3791:
3787:
3786:
3780:
3768:
3764:
3760:
3755:
3743:
3739:
3735:
3730:
3726:
3720:
3716:
3715:
3709:
3697:
3696:
3691:
3686:
3674:
3673:
3668:
3663:
3651:
3650:
3645:
3640:
3636:
3630:
3626:
3622:
3617:
3613:
3607:
3603:
3602:
3596:
3584:
3580:
3579:Suara Merdeka
3576:
3571:
3567:
3561:
3557:
3556:
3550:
3546:
3540:
3536:
3535:
3529:
3525:
3519:
3515:
3511:
3506:
3505:
3493:
3488:
3481:
3480:Gonggong 2012
3476:
3474:
3466:
3465:Gonggong 2012
3461:
3459:
3451:
3446:
3439:
3434:
3427:
3422:
3415:
3410:
3403:
3398:
3391:
3386:
3379:
3374:
3367:
3362:
3355:
3350:
3348:
3340:
3335:
3329:, p. 53.
3328:
3323:
3316:
3311:
3304:
3303:Gonggong 2012
3299:
3292:
3287:
3280:
3279:Gonggong 2012
3275:
3268:
3263:
3261:
3259:
3251:
3250:Gonggong 2012
3246:
3239:
3234:
3232:
3224:
3219:
3213:, p. 51.
3212:
3207:
3200:
3195:
3193:
3191:
3189:
3181:
3180:Gonggong 2012
3176:
3169:
3168:Gonggong 2012
3164:
3157:
3156:Gonggong 2012
3152:
3145:
3144:Gonggong 2012
3140:
3138:
3130:
3129:Gonggong 2012
3125:
3118:
3117:Gonggong 2012
3113:
3106:
3105:Gonggong 2012
3101:
3094:
3093:Gonggong 2012
3089:
3087:
3080:, p. 96.
3079:
3078:Gonggong 2012
3074:
3067:
3066:Gonggong 2012
3062:
3055:
3050:
3044:, p. 69.
3043:
3038:
3036:
3028:
3023:
3021:
3014:, p. 82.
3013:
3012:Gonggong 2012
3008:
3002:, p. 78.
3001:
2996:
2989:
2988:Gonggong 2012
2984:
2982:
2974:
2973:Gonggong 2012
2969:
2967:
2959:
2954:
2952:
2945:, p. 79.
2944:
2939:
2937:
2935:
2927:
2926:Gonggong 2012
2922:
2920:
2913:, p. 53.
2912:
2907:
2901:, p. 71.
2900:
2899:Gonggong 2012
2895:
2888:
2887:Gonggong 2012
2883:
2876:
2875:Gonggong 2012
2871:
2865:, p. 36.
2864:
2859:
2853:, p. 74.
2852:
2847:
2841:, p. 72.
2840:
2835:
2828:
2823:
2821:
2813:
2808:
2801:
2796:
2790:, p. 32.
2789:
2784:
2778:, p. 63.
2777:
2772:
2765:
2760:
2753:
2748:
2741:
2736:
2730:, p. 52.
2729:
2728:Gonggong 2012
2724:
2717:
2712:
2705:
2700:
2693:
2688:
2682:, p. 48.
2681:
2680:Gonggong 2012
2676:
2669:
2664:
2658:, p. 67.
2657:
2652:
2646:, p. 59.
2645:
2640:
2633:
2628:
2622:, p. 49.
2621:
2620:Gonggong 2012
2616:
2609:
2604:
2597:
2592:
2590:
2582:
2577:
2571:, p. 85.
2570:
2565:
2559:, p. 11.
2558:
2553:
2551:
2544:, p. 61.
2543:
2538:
2532:, p. 49.
2531:
2526:
2519:
2514:
2508:, p. 36.
2507:
2506:Gonggong 2012
2502:
2496:, p. 42.
2495:
2490:
2484:, p. 41.
2483:
2478:
2471:
2466:
2459:
2458:Gonggong 2012
2454:
2448:, p. 22.
2447:
2442:
2436:, p. 21.
2435:
2430:
2423:
2418:
2416:
2414:
2406:
2401:
2399:
2391:
2386:
2379:
2374:
2372:
2364:
2359:
2352:
2347:
2340:
2335:
2333:
2326:, p. 23.
2325:
2324:Gonggong 2012
2320:
2318:
2311:, p. 18.
2310:
2305:
2298:
2293:
2286:
2281:
2274:
2269:
2262:
2257:
2250:
2245:
2238:
2233:
2227:, p. 99.
2226:
2221:
2215:, p. 96.
2214:
2209:
2203:, p. 22.
2202:
2201:Gonggong 2012
2197:
2191:, p. 89.
2190:
2185:
2178:
2173:
2166:
2161:
2155:, p. 17.
2154:
2149:
2147:
2140:, p. 81.
2139:
2134:
2128:, p. 79.
2127:
2122:
2116:, p. 77.
2115:
2110:
2104:, p. 75.
2103:
2098:
2091:
2086:
2080:, p. 69.
2079:
2074:
2072:
2064:
2059:
2052:
2047:
2040:
2035:
2028:
2023:
2017:, p. 44.
2016:
2011:
2005:, p. 41.
2004:
1999:
1993:, p. 91.
1992:
1987:
1985:
1977:
1972:
1970:
1962:
1957:
1951:, p. 14.
1950:
1949:Gonggong 2012
1945:
1938:
1933:
1931:
1923:
1918:
1912:, p. 27.
1911:
1906:
1900:, p. 19.
1899:
1898:Gonggong 2012
1894:
1892:
1885:, p. 13.
1884:
1879:
1873:, p. 11.
1872:
1871:Gonggong 2012
1867:
1865:
1857:
1852:
1850:
1848:
1846:
1839:, p. 10.
1838:
1837:Gonggong 2012
1833:
1826:
1821:
1819:
1817:
1812:
1795:
1788:
1781:
1780:Gonggong 2012
1775:
1769:
1763:
1756:
1750:
1743:
1739:
1735:
1734:Gonggong 2012
1731:
1727:
1721:
1714:
1713:Subanar (2003
1709:
1702:
1699:rust en order
1698:
1689:
1682:
1678:
1674:
1673:Gabriel Manek
1668:
1661:
1655:
1648:
1644:
1643:Gonggong 2012
1638:
1631:
1625:
1618:
1617:Subanar (2003
1613:
1606:
1600:
1593:
1588:
1584:
1575:
1572:
1571:
1562:, p. 82)
1561:
1560:Subanar (2005
1554:
1549:
1547:
1542:
1536:
1534:
1530:
1526:
1522:
1521:
1516:
1515:Garin Nugroho
1511:
1509:
1505:
1501:
1496:
1494:
1493:
1482:
1473:
1471:
1466:
1462:
1458:
1454:
1449:
1447:
1443:
1439:
1435:
1434:vicar general
1431:
1426:
1424:
1420:
1415:
1413:
1409:
1406:, and one in
1405:
1401:
1397:
1393:
1389:
1385:
1381:
1377:
1367:
1358:
1356:
1352:
1348:
1344:
1340:
1335:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1309:
1308:labour groups
1305:
1301:
1297:
1292:
1290:
1284:
1282:
1278:
1270:
1265:
1256:
1254:
1249:
1244:
1240:
1239:
1233:
1228:
1226:
1222:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1198:
1194:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1179:
1174:
1170:
1169:Sutan Sjahrir
1166:
1158:
1154:
1149:
1145:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1128:
1124:
1120:
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984:
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979:
978:Maximum illud
974:
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945:
943:
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934:
930:
926:
922:
918:
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865:
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844:
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834:
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826:
821:
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796:
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789:
784:
779:
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773:
769:
765:
761:
757:
752:
750:
746:
745:introspection
742:
738:
734:
730:
722:
717:
708:
706:
702:
698:
694:
690:
685:
681:
680:nationalistic
677:
673:
668:
666:
662:
658:
654:
650:
646:
642:
633:
629:
625:
623:
619:
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581:
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529:
528:
523:
522:
517:
513:
509:
505:
495:
493:
489:
488:
483:
482:Garin Nugroho
478:
477:in Semarang.
476:
472:
471:national hero
468:
464:
460:
456:
451:
447:
442:
438:
435:
430:
426:
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354:
349:
347:
346:nationalistic
343:
339:
335:
331:
327:
323:
319:
314:
306:
302:
291:
288:
284:
281:(prev. Islam)
280:
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265:
262:
259:
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252:, Netherlands
251:
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61:
56:
53:
49:
45:
41:
37:
33:
19:
5208:
5133:Pakubuwono X
5083:Kiras Bangun
5013:Sultan Agung
4926:
4917:Ahmad Sanusi
4907:Ahmad Dahlan
4897:Abdul Chalim
4840:Ilyas Yakoub
4819:Silas Papare
4758:Dewi Sartika
4742:Usmar Ismail
4696:Abdoel Moeis
4581:Independence
4462:Harun Thohir
4396:Wahid Hasyim
4196:Idham Chalid
4161:Tjilik Riwut
4031:
4025:
4015:
4004:
3998:
3967:
3963:
3944:
3940:
3928:. Retrieved
3919:
3903:. Retrieved
3899:the original
3894:
3879:. Retrieved
3875:the original
3870:
3846:
3828:
3816:. Retrieved
3812:the original
3807:
3784:
3771:. Retrieved
3762:
3746:. Retrieved
3742:the original
3737:
3713:
3699:. Retrieved
3693:
3676:. Retrieved
3670:
3653:. Retrieved
3647:
3624:
3620:
3600:
3587:. Retrieved
3583:the original
3578:
3554:
3533:
3513:
3509:
3501:Bibliography
3492:Subanar 2005
3487:
3445:
3433:
3421:
3409:
3397:
3385:
3373:
3361:
3334:
3322:
3310:
3298:
3291:Subanar 2005
3286:
3274:
3245:
3218:
3206:
3199:Subanar 2005
3175:
3163:
3151:
3124:
3112:
3100:
3073:
3061:
3049:
3007:
3000:Subanar 2005
2995:
2943:Subanar 2005
2906:
2894:
2882:
2870:
2858:
2851:Subanar 2005
2846:
2839:Subanar 2005
2834:
2827:Subanar 2003
2807:
2800:Subanar 2003
2795:
2783:
2776:Subanar 2005
2771:
2759:
2752:Subanar 2003
2747:
2740:Subanar 2003
2735:
2723:
2711:
2704:Subanar 2003
2699:
2692:Subanar 2005
2687:
2675:
2668:Subanar 2003
2663:
2656:Subanar 2005
2651:
2644:Subanar 2005
2639:
2632:Subanar 2003
2627:
2615:
2608:Subanar 2003
2603:
2596:Subanar 2003
2576:
2564:
2542:Subanar 2005
2537:
2530:Subanar 2005
2525:
2518:Subanar 2005
2513:
2501:
2494:Subanar 2005
2489:
2482:Subanar 2005
2477:
2470:Subanar 2003
2465:
2460:, p. 3.
2453:
2441:
2429:
2422:Subanar 2003
2407:, p. 7.
2390:Subanar 2003
2385:
2378:Subanar 2003
2363:Subanar 2003
2358:
2346:
2339:Subanar 2003
2304:
2297:Subanar 2003
2292:
2285:Subanar 2003
2280:
2268:
2261:Subanar 2003
2256:
2249:Subanar 2003
2244:
2237:Subanar 2003
2232:
2225:Subanar 2003
2220:
2213:Subanar 2003
2208:
2196:
2189:Subanar 2003
2184:
2177:Subanar 2003
2172:
2165:Subanar 2003
2160:
2138:Subanar 2003
2133:
2126:Subanar 2003
2121:
2114:Subanar 2003
2109:
2102:Subanar 2003
2097:
2090:Subanar 2003
2085:
2078:Subanar 2003
2063:Subanar 2003
2058:
2051:Subanar 2003
2046:
2039:Subanar 2003
2034:
2027:Subanar 2003
2022:
2015:Subanar 2003
2010:
2003:Subanar 2003
1998:
1991:Subanar 2003
1976:Subanar 2003
1961:Subanar 2003
1956:
1944:
1937:Subanar 2003
1922:Subanar 2003
1917:
1910:Subanar 2003
1905:
1878:
1832:
1825:Subanar 2003
1792:
1787:
1774:
1767:
1762:
1755:Subanar 2005
1749:
1738:Subanar 2005
1720:
1708:
1700:
1695:
1688:
1667:
1660:Subanar 2003
1654:
1647:Subanar 2003
1637:
1630:Subanar 2003
1624:
1612:
1605:Subanar 2003
1599:
1587:
1551:
1545:
1537:
1518:
1512:
1497:
1490:
1487:
1450:
1438:Pope Paul VI
1427:
1416:
1372:
1336:
1293:
1285:
1274:
1236:
1229:
1202:
1182:
1173:Wongsonegoro
1161:
1132:
1116:
1093:
1091:
1084:
1076:
1056:
1024:to the arid
995:
976:
946:
913:Central Java
902:
892:
884:
878:
874:credit union
866:
862:
840:
836:
807:Vatican City
792:
787:
780:
775:
771:
753:
726:
669:
637:
614:
605:Europeanised
595:to join the
558:
525:
519:
507:
501:
485:
479:
422:
350:
325:
321:
300:
299:
289:
275:Denomination
245:(1963-07-22)
243:22 July 1963
193:Consecration
151:
143:22 July 1963
52:
47:
43:
39:
5272:1963 deaths
5267:1896 births
5239:Catholicism
4978:Abdul Kadir
4957:Mas Mansoer
4952:Lafran Pane
4864:Development
4792:Integration
4706:Amir Hamzah
4670:Dr. Soetomo
4572:Yos Sudarso
4467:Hasan Basry
4351:Ario Soerjo
4301:Rasuna Said
4156:B.W. Lapian
4131:Andi Djemma
3922:. Jakarta.
3765:. Jakarta.
3695:Google Maps
3672:Google Maps
3649:Google Maps
3223:Cahill 1999
3211:Cahill 1999
2569:McLeod 2006
1791:Original: "
1766:Original: "
1523:. Starring
1328:materialism
1171:, who sent
1031:Protestants
1026:Gunung Sewu
949:consecrated
829:tertianship
733:Netherlands
585:Lempuyangan
484:, entitled
414:consecrated
377:Catholicism
309:Indonesian:
267:Nationality
183: [
148:Predecessor
106:Archdiocese
38:. The name
36:family name
5261:Categories
5183:Teuku Umar
5058:Hasanuddin
5043:Diponegoro
4937:Fakhruddin
4701:Agus Salim
4658:Resistance
4604:Ahmad Yani
4427:Adisucipto
4376:Tan Malaka
4291:P. M. Noor
4116:Adam Malik
3690:"Semarang"
3042:Prior 2011
1856:Flinn 2010
1803:References
1412:archbishop
1332:West Papua
1238:Commonweal
1203:After the
1117:After the
1057:After the
1022:Kedu Plain
795:Maastricht
762:, held in
756:Oudenbosch
705:literature
599:school in
571:Pakualaman
544:to Sultan
538:Yogyakarta
508:abdi dalem
498:Early life
429:occupation
397:Maastricht
393:Oudenbosch
365:Yogyakarta
338:archbishop
270:Indonesian
229:Soerakarta
221:1896-11-25
173:Ordination
140:Term ended
124:Metropolis
5251:Indonesia
5227:Biography
5143:Pong Tiku
5138:Pattimura
4993:Andi Depu
4751:Education
4588:Fatmawati
4542:Supriyadi
4517:Noer Alie
4497:Mas Isman
4472:Iswahyudi
4316:Samanhudi
4089:Political
4026:New title
3999:New title
1808:Footnotes
1533:Ayu Utami
1398:, one in
1394:, one in
1351:sycophant
1312:Pancasila
1281:the Hague
893:Swaratama
847:Preaching
788:Swaratama
772:Swaratama
770:magazine
764:Amsterdam
737:novitiate
731:, in the
618:gardening
514:) at the
504:Surakarta
455:communism
420:in 1940.
385:novitiate
353:Surakarta
158:Successor
132:Appointed
4971:Struggle
4890:Religion
4689:Literary
4644:Suprapto
4537:Sudirman
4502:Moestopo
4482:John Lie
4410:Military
4321:Soekarni
4306:Sahardjo
4271:Moewardi
4191:Hazairin
3924:Archived
3767:Archived
3644:"Malang"
2911:Adi 2011
2863:Adi 2011
2788:Adi 2011
2581:Adi 2011
1568:See also
1556:—
1442:Nijmegen
1400:Sulawesi
1296:Cold War
1221:Holy See
1121:and the
1107:Surabaya
1094:de facto
1069:General
1047:Gedangan
1018:Ambarawa
1010:Salatiga
1006:Magelang
998:brothers
938:telegram
917:Semarang
783:Muntilan
689:seminary
684:Capuchin
653:baptised
601:Muntilan
550:football
512:courtier
410:Bintaran
401:ordained
381:seminary
373:Muntilan
361:courtier
334:Semarang
328:, was a
279:Catholic
198:by
178:by
127:Semarang
119:Semarang
116:Province
110:Semarang
40:Albertus
5213:Portals
4871:Suharso
4768:Kartini
4552:Syam'un
4346:Soeroso
4341:Soepomo
4326:Sukarno
4251:Masjkur
3930:29 June
3881:29 June
3837:7245258
3818:29 June
3773:29 June
3692:(Map).
3669:(Map).
3667:"Medan"
3646:(Map).
1546:Soegija
1520:Soegija
1492:priyayi
1392:Sumatra
1355:Nasakom
1324:Marxism
1294:As the
1225:Sukarno
1197:Sukarno
1165:Jakarta
1103:Bandung
965:Lampung
925:Jakarta
921:Batavia
833:Drongen
820:pranata
641:Trinity
589:gamelan
521:abangan
487:Soegija
434:Sukarno
326:Soegija
215:Soegija
44:Soegija
4665:Alimin
4336:Supeno
3974:
3951:
3905:7 July
3854:
3835:
3792:
3748:3 July
3738:Kompas
3721:
3701:7 July
3678:7 July
3655:7 July
3631:
3608:
3589:7 July
3562:
3541:
3520:
1506:, and
1504:Malang
1476:Legacy
1408:Borneo
1404:Maluku
1396:Flores
1326:, and
1289:wayang
1217:morale
1199:, 1947
1142:Gurkha
1134:Allied
1016:, and
961:Malang
870:Bantul
811:deacon
703:, and
693:French
597:Jesuit
533:soegih
330:Jesuit
257:Buried
168:Orders
96:Church
4833:Press
3966:[
3943:[
3623:[
3512:[
1580:Notes
1508:Medan
1446:Steyl
1002:Kudus
923:(now
741:Grave
721:Grave
701:Greek
697:Latin
622:chess
583:) in
467:Steyl
389:Grave
286:Motto
250:Steyl
187:]
30:This
3972:ISBN
3949:ISBN
3932:2012
3907:2012
3883:2012
3852:ISBN
3833:OCLC
3820:2012
3790:ISBN
3775:2012
3750:2012
3719:ISBN
3703:2012
3680:2012
3657:2012
3629:ISBN
3606:ISBN
3591:2012
3560:ISBN
3539:ISBN
3518:ISBN
1402:and
1267:The
1153:seat
1014:Pati
985:and
963:and
957:seat
942:soto
855:The
729:Uden
554:fast
527:kyai
446:seat
240:Died
211:Born
4725:Art
1279:in
1101:in
831:in
805:in
403:by
5263::
3918:.
3893:.
3761:.
3472:^
3457:^
3346:^
3257:^
3230:^
3187:^
3136:^
3085:^
3034:^
3019:^
2980:^
2965:^
2950:^
2933:^
2918:^
2819:^
2588:^
2549:^
2412:^
2397:^
2370:^
2331:^
2316:^
2145:^
2070:^
1983:^
1968:^
1929:^
1890:^
1863:^
1844:^
1815:^
1529:Rp
1105:,
1033:.
1012:,
1008:,
1004:,
876:.
751:.
707:.
699:,
695:,
355:,
320::
316:;
305:SJ
303:,
231:,
185:nl
70:SJ
5215::
4074:e
4067:t
4060:v
3980:.
3957:.
3934:.
3909:.
3885:.
3860:.
3839:.
3822:.
3798:.
3777:.
3752:.
3727:.
3705:.
3682:.
3659:.
3637:.
3614:.
3593:.
3568:.
3547:.
3526:.
3452:.
3440:.
3428:.
3416:.
3404:.
3392:.
3380:.
3368:.
3356:.
3269:.
1796:"
1732:(
1703:"
1694:"
1679:(
839:(
577:(
510:(
307:(
223:)
219:(
20:)
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