1399:
1447:
1484:
1318:
1351:
1335:
343:, but these are not attached to the bones of the shell. The light and flexible shell of these turtles allows them to move more easily in open water or in muddy lake bottoms. Having a soft shell also allows them to move much faster on land than most turtles. Their feet are webbed and three-clawed, hence the family name "Trionychidae," which means "three-clawed". The carapace color of each type of softshell turtle tends to match the sand or mud color of its geographical region, assisting in their "lie in wait" feeding methodology.
1383:
1468:
2249:
144:
1431:
1367:
1415:
1500:
420:
367:
567:
120:
396:(1910): "The mandibles of many species form the outer border of powerful crushing processes—the alveolar surfaces of the jaws", which aids the ingestion of tough prey such as molluscs. These jaws make large turtles dangerous, as they are capable of amputating a person's finger, or possibly their hand.
532:
responded by introducing the daily limit of 20 turtles for licensed harvesters—a level which the turtle advocates consider unsustainable, as there may be between 100 and 500 hunters statewide. While some catch was consumed locally, most was exported; the
Commission estimated (2008) around 3,000
339:, does have some scale-like projections, hence its name. The carapace is leathery and pliable, particularly at the sides. The central part of the carapace has a layer of solid bone beneath it, as in other turtles, but this is absent at the outer edges. Some species also have dermal bones in the
380:
Softshells are able to "breathe" underwater with rhythmic movements of their mouth cavity, which contains numerous processes copiously supplied with blood, acting similarly to gill filaments in fish. This enables them to stay underwater for prolonged periods. Moreover, the
350:-like nostrils. Their necks are disproportionately long in comparison to their body sizes, enabling them to breathe surface air while their bodies remain submerged in the substrate (mud or sand) a foot or more below the surface.
557:
passed a law (Bill H.3121) restricting interstate and international export of wild-caught turtles (both soft-shell and some other species) to 10 turtles per person at one time, and 20 turtles per person per year.
2084:
Joyce, Walter G.; Lyson, Tyler R.; Williams, Scott (2016). "New cranial material of
Gilmoremys lancensis (Testudines, Trionychidae) from the Hell Creek Formation of southeastern Montana, U.S.A".
1955:
2595:
2499:
504:
in China and neighboring countries; raising this species by hundreds of millions was the response, with prices soon returning to a more affordable level. Another species,
2603:
2587:
2697:
346:
These turtles have many characteristics pertaining to their aquatic lifestyle. Many must be submerged in order to swallow their food. They have elongated, soft,
2531:
2547:
2351:
540:
New rules, in effect as of July 20, 2009, restrict collecting any wild turtles to one turtle per person per day, completely prohibit collection of softshells (
2563:
2539:
2367:
2343:
2375:
2335:
2555:
2359:
389:
while "breathing" underwater; this is an efficient solution when the animal does not have access to fresh water, e.g., in brackish-water environments.
529:
1745:"A ZZ/ZW microchromosome system in the spiny softshell turtle, Apalone spinifera, reveals an intriguing sex chromosome conservation in Trionychidae"
2274:
510:, is farmed in China, as well, but on a much smaller scale (with farm herds measured in hundreds of thousands, rather than hundreds of millions).
377:
Most are strict carnivores, with diets consisting mainly of fish, aquatic crustaceans, snails, amphibians, and sometimes birds and small mammals.
5240:
1925:
Shi, Haitao; Parham, James F; Fan, Zhiyong; Hong, Meiling; Yin, Feng (2008-01-01), "Evidence for the massive scale of turtle farming in China",
1883:
1541:"Turtles all the way down: Neogene pig-nosed turtle fossil from southern Australia reveals cryptic freshwater turtle invasions and extinctions"
5279:
3800:
3711:
1446:
947:
640:
572:
3719:
3473:
2748:
1859:
460:
in large numbers; "eaten stewed with almonds, roast with chili sauce or fried with bamboo shoots, they considered a great delicacy."
1896:
5369:
5214:
1952:
5253:
400:
2401:
2164:
2406:
1603:
5258:
5053:
Turtles of the World 2017 Update: Annotated
Checklist and Atlas of Taxonomy, Synonymy, Distribution, and Conservation Status
2862:
turtles of the world 2017 update: Annotated checklist and atlas of taxonomy, synonymy, distribution, and conservation status
1398:
2893:
2396:
17:
5051:
2861:
1727:
1618:
2130:
293:
in 1826. Softshells include some of the world's largest freshwater turtles, though many can adapt to living in highly
2783:
2743:
1715:
Reptiles of the World: Tortoises and
Turtles, Crocodilians, Lizards and Snakes of the Eastern and Western Hemispheres
1317:
31:
1673:"The Chinese soft-shelled turtle, Pelodiscus sinensis, excretes urea mainly through the mouth instead of the kidney"
353:
Females can grow up to several feet in carapace diameter, while males stay much smaller; this is their main form of
5318:
5193:
5284:
5206:
2778:
2669:
577:
546:) in May through July, and prohibit trade in turtles caught from the wild. An exemption is provided for licensed
1972:
Freshwater Fish and
Wildlife, Rule No. 68A-25.002: General Provisions for Taking Possession and Sale of Reptiles
4926:
4009:
2813:
2718:
2017:
1483:
5336:
5266:
1632:"Aquatic respiration in soft-shelled turtles: A contribution to the physiology of respiration in vertebrates"
4903:
2738:
1350:
1467:
5149:
5062:
3585:
2969:
2674:
2634:
2451:
534:
404:
143:
1382:
297:
areas. Members of this family occur in Africa, Asia, and North
America, with extinct species known from
5154:
3318:
2808:
2157:
1894:(中国龟鳖网), 13 August 2009 (appears to be a machine translation of the more comprehensible "中华鳖价值回归", at
1334:
528:. Environmental groups have been advocating the authorities' banning or restricting the practice. The
5323:
2659:
1880:
1830:(1906), "The cultivation of marine and fresh-water animals in Japan", in Rogers, Howard Jason (ed.),
2951:
5364:
3964:
2886:
2833:
2788:
2768:
2624:
2476:
2456:
2431:
2302:
2267:
382:
1430:
553:
Some other US states, too, have already adopted strict limitations on wild turtle trade. In 2009,
307:, but the vast majority have since been moved to other genera. Among these are the North American
4820:
2664:
2629:
2426:
2307:
1577:
Meylan, P.A. 1987. The phylogenetic relationships of soft-shelled turtles (Family
Trionychidae).
5310:
5117:
5079:
4792:
3592:
3550:
3190:
2773:
2654:
2312:
1357:
1831:
5359:
5305:
5245:
3536:
3038:
2150:
2043:
1971:
1414:
5175:
5126:
4778:
3444:
3068:
2507:
2093:
1856:
478:
5297:
1499:
1366:
473:
pointed out in 1904, the
Japanese variety of this turtle, which at time was classified as
8:
4763:
3122:
2879:
2848:
1983:
1900:
1474:
1453:
1437:
1421:
506:
493:, was already developed on an industrial scale in that country by the late 19th century.
465:
359:
130:
2097:
1719:
1671:
Ip, Y. K.; Loong, A. M.; Lee, S. M. L.; Ong, J. L. Y.; Wong, W. P.; Chew, S. F. (2012).
1540:
4170:
4135:
4002:
3741:
2840:
2645:
2109:
2066:
2041:
1798:
1780:
1653:
1560:
1324:
1191:
726:
449:
272:
138:
5292:
5162:
5131:
4713:
3696:
3648:
3639:
3522:
3099:
2113:
1941:
1827:
1772:
1764:
1743:
Badenhorst, Daleen; Stanyon, Roscoe; Engstrom, Tag; Valenzuela, Nicole (2013-03-20).
1723:
1694:
1599:
1564:
1506:
1405:
470:
354:
335:
290:
230:
2070:
1784:
4505:
3893:
3868:
3829:
3777:
3508:
3053:
2101:
2058:
1930:
1802:
1756:
1684:
1643:
1552:
1539:
Rule, James P.; Kool, Lesley; Parker, William M.G.; Fitzgerald, Erich M.G. (2021).
1490:
1389:
482:
275:
2105:
2044:"Two New Plastomenine Softshell Turtles from the Paleocene of Montana and Wyoming"
5167:
4953:
4601:
4330:
4298:
3935:
3844:
3620:
3206:
2387:
1959:
1887:
1863:
1032:
709:
463:
Worldwide, the most commonly consumed softshell species is the
Chinese softshell
408:
393:
5271:
5201:
5188:
4848:
4838:
4735:
4585:
4425:
4127:
4072:
3814:
3749:
3289:
3280:
3249:
3157:
3046:
2960:
2709:
1744:
1713:
1241:
798:
after Walter G. Joyce, Ariel Revan, Tyler R. Lyson and Igor G. Danilov (2009).
734:
554:
501:
486:
1962:, By CRAIG PITTMAN, St. Petersburg Times. Published: Thursday, October 9, 2008
1935:
1760:
1527:
5353:
5102:
5028:
4911:
4811:
4800:
4771:
4685:
4569:
4553:
4513:
4447:
4357:
4322:
4266:
4250:
4234:
4208:
4196:
4180:
4158:
4150:
3957:
3668:
3501:
3362:
3309:
3257:
1768:
1373:
1341:
915:
827:
651:
607:
594:
520:
257:
246:
77:
4963:
4888:
4864:
4381:
4258:
4242:
4218:
4119:
4064:
3988:
3878:
3792:
3703:
3682:
3606:
3571:
3381:
3347:
3214:
3130:
3076:
2576:
2281:
1776:
1698:
979:
685:
251:
2139:
Parade of the Animal
Kingdom. Hegner, Robert. 1935. the Macmillan Company.
5227:
5141:
5111:
4941:
4896:
4742:
4727:
4649:
4641:
4633:
4609:
4489:
4473:
4457:
4373:
4365:
4314:
4290:
4282:
4274:
4142:
4094:
4017:
3942:
3807:
3763:
3689:
3675:
3627:
3484:
3402:
3340:
3333:
3326:
3241:
3183:
3175:
3092:
3084:
3031:
3021:
2686:
2417:
2062:
1174:
842:
783:
658:
550:
that need to catch turtles in the wild to serve as their breeding stock.
547:
52:
440:
in most parts of their range, particularly in East Asia. A Chinese dish
5020:
4933:
4919:
4880:
4657:
4577:
4545:
4529:
4497:
4435:
4408:
4389:
4306:
4111:
4031:
4024:
3972:
3949:
3859:
3726:
3458:
3265:
3198:
3115:
3107:
3010:
3001:
2759:
2729:
2488:
2442:
2216:
2210:
1689:
1672:
1657:
1258:
1049:
866:
750:
742:
666:
618:
347:
215:
205:
97:
62:
2142:
2042:
Walter G. Joyce; Ariel Revan; Tyler R. Lyson; Igor G. Danilov (2009).
1556:
5232:
5012:
4872:
4856:
4785:
4749:
4699:
4692:
4617:
4593:
4537:
4481:
4188:
3980:
3928:
3886:
3599:
3557:
3465:
3451:
3437:
3430:
3423:
3416:
3388:
3233:
3061:
2520:
2324:
930:
795:
629:
453:
298:
155:
102:
5219:
5073:
5096:
4827:
4756:
4676:
4665:
4561:
4226:
4103:
3995:
3837:
3822:
3784:
3733:
3659:
3564:
3543:
3529:
3515:
3371:
3298:
3167:
3146:
3138:
2920:
2615:
2192:
2134:
1833:
Congress of arts and science: Universal exposition, St. Louis, 1904
1742:
1648:
1631:
883:
674:
437:
419:
340:
326:
294:
175:
92:
87:
72:
67:
57:
366:
5331:
4971:
4720:
4625:
4521:
4465:
4045:
4038:
3920:
3770:
3756:
3613:
3578:
3493:
3395:
2935:
2926:
2824:
2799:
2467:
2293:
2204:
2198:
1224:
1108:
1091:
1008:
766:
758:
718:
701:
566:
542:
525:
457:
445:
309:
303:
185:
107:
82:
4706:
4349:
2941:
2914:
2902:
2186:
1870:
1999-06-30 (scroll to the end of the file to find that article)
363:, found in southeastern Asia, is the largest softshell turtle.
279:
195:
165:
1929:, vol. 42, Cambridge University Press, pp. 147–150,
1594:
Obst Fritz Jurgen (1998). Cogger, H.G.; Zweifel, R.G. (eds.).
5180:
3913:
2980:
2871:
2258:
1458:
1157:
692:
330:
301:. Most species have traditionally been included in the genus
282:
119:
1842:
is referred to in Mitsukuri's article under its older name,
3409:
441:
386:
477:, occupied a place in Japanese cuisine as esteemed as the
1538:
533:
pounds of softshell turtles were exported each week via
30:"Softshell turtle" redirects here. For other uses, see
2233:
636:
625:
614:
591:
1711:
500:in China skyrocketed by the mid-1990s; large-scale
496:Due to rising demand and overhunting, the price of
2083:
1579:Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History
518:In the United States, harvesting softshells (e.g.
2051:Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History
1984:Legislative Update, June 5, 2009, Vol. 26, No. 16
1942:http://sites.google.com/site/jfparham/2008Shi.pdf
1836:, Houghton, Mifflin and company, pp. 694–732
1593:
530:Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission
5351:
1924:
1598:. San Diego: Academic Press. pp. 117–118.
489:of this "luscious reptile", known in Japan as
5050:Phylogenetic arrangement of turtles based on
3288:
2887:
2860:Phylogenetic arrangement of turtles based on
2158:
1670:
1630:Gage, Simon H.; Gage, Susanna Phelps (1886).
2037:
2035:
1718:. New York: Sturgis & Walton. pp.
4093:
3020:
2959:
2894:
2880:
2749:Northern New Guinea giant softshell turtle
2165:
2151:
2012:
1803:"The tortoise and the turtle in Kwongtung"
325:They are called "softshell" because their
118:
2032:
2010:
2008:
2006:
2004:
2002:
2000:
1998:
1996:
1994:
1992:
1934:
1826:
1688:
1647:
1920:
1918:
1881:Chinese soft-shelled turtle value return
1629:
565:
418:
365:
2172:
1619:About Turtles and Tortoises, Chelonians
1596:Encyclopedia of Reptiles and Amphibians
513:
401:temperature-dependent sex determination
14:
5352:
2402:Burmese narrow-headed softshell turtle
1989:
1797:
1705:
775:
333:(scales), though the spiny softshell,
5078:
5077:
2968:
2875:
2407:Indian narrow-headed softshell turtle
2146:
1915:
1873:
1589:
1587:
5337:49E85126-01B5-4118-A40C-1A7EBEB95C35
5207:45fcabfb-f893-48f6-a8f9-e9d79f098dd1
2397:Asian narrow-headed softshell turtle
1953:"China Gobbling Up Florida Turtles"
456:restaurants had them imported from
24:
2086:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
1584:
403:of most turtles, Trionychids have
320:
25:
5381:
2784:Northern Chinese softshell turtle
2744:New Guinea giant softshell turtle
436:Softshell turtles are eaten as a
32:Softshell turtle (disambiguation)
2247:
1498:
1482:
1466:
1445:
1429:
1413:
1397:
1381:
1365:
1349:
1333:
1316:
524:) was, until recently, legal in
448:. According to a 1930 report by
411:play a role in determining sex.
142:
50:
5370:Taxa named by Leopold Fitzinger
4996:
4416:
2779:Lesser Chinese softshell turtle
2670:Indian peacock softshell turtle
2077:
1976:
1965:
1946:
1857:Low price hurts turtle breeding
1849:
1820:
1791:
1677:Journal of Experimental Biology
578:Field Museum of Natural History
431:
405:ZZ/ZW genetic sex determination
313:softshells that were placed in
2901:
2814:Yangtze giant softshell turtle
2719:Wattle-necked softshell turtle
1736:
1664:
1623:
1612:
1571:
1532:
1521:
13:
1:
2124:
2106:10.1080/02724634.2016.1225748
2739:Asian giant softshell turtle
1712:Raymond Lee Ditmars (1910).
790:
600:Paleotrionyx jimenezfuentesi
481:in the United States or the
289:. The family was erected by
7:
5063:List of Testudines families
2635:Sri Lankan flapshell turtle
561:
535:Tampa International Airport
10:
5386:
2809:Euphrates softshell turtle
2596:Khunnuchelys kizylkumensis
2500:Gilmoremys gettyspherensis
2245:
1838:. The Japanese variety of
1309:
427:made from softshell turtle
414:
385:has been shown to excrete
29:
5086:
5046:
5003:
4989:
4951:
4837:
4810:
4675:
4445:
4423:
4407:
4340:
4206:
4168:
4086:
4055:
3903:
3867:
3858:
3658:
3637:
3483:
3370:
3361:
3308:
3279:
3224:
3156:
3009:
3000:
2978:
2977:
2950:
2909:
2858:
2822:
2797:
2757:
2727:
2707:
2683:
2660:Burmese peacock softshell
2643:
2613:
2604:Khunnuchelys lophorhothon
2588:Khunnuchelys erinhotensis
2573:
2517:
2485:
2465:
2440:
2415:
2385:
2321:
2291:
2256:
2232:
2225:
2181:
1936:10.1017/S0030605308000562
1761:10.1007/s10577-013-9343-2
1255:
1238:
1221:
1214:
1188:
1171:
1154:
1147:
1140:
1105:
1088:
1081:
1046:
1029:
1022:
1005:
998:
991:
984:
944:
927:
920:
880:
863:
856:
839:
832:
820:
813:
243:
238:
139:Scientific classification
137:
126:
117:
41:
2834:African softshell turtle
2789:Spotted softshell turtle
2769:Chinese softshell turtle
2675:Leith's softshell turtle
2625:Burmese flapshell turtle
2477:Malayan softshell turtle
2457:Zambezi flapshell turtle
2452:Aubry's flapshell turtle
2432:Senegal flapshell turtle
2303:Florida softshell turtle
2268:Asiatic softshell turtle
1810:The Hong Kong Naturalist
1514:
471:noted Japanese biologist
383:Chinese softshell turtle
127:Chinese softshell turtle
48:Early Cretaceous–Present
2665:Indian softshell turtle
2630:Indian flapshell turtle
2427:Nubian flapshell turtle
2308:Smooth softshell turtle
1545:Papers in Palaeontology
2774:Hunan softshell turtle
2698:Palaeoamyda messeliana
2655:Black softshell turtle
2313:Spiny softshell turtle
581:
428:
374:
5306:Paleobiology Database
2532:Hutchemys arctochelys
569:
422:
369:
5202:Fauna Europaea (new)
2548:Hutchemys tetanetron
2508:Gilmoremys lancensis
2352:Axestemys montinsana
2135:The Reptile Database
2063:10.3374/014.050.0202
514:In the United States
479:diamondback terrapin
285:, commonly known as
2849:Trionyx kansaiensis
2564:Hutchemys acupictus
2540:Hutchemys rememdium
2368:Axestemys splendida
2344:Axestemys cerevisia
2098:2016JVPal..36E5748J
1840:Pelodiscus sinensis
1749:Chromosome Research
1636:American Naturalist
1475:Rafetus euphraticus
1454:Pelodiscus sinensis
1438:Pelochelys cantorii
1422:Nilssonia nigricans
776:Past classification
585:Family Trionychidae
507:Palea steindachneri
498:Pelodiscus sinensis
466:Pelodiscus sinensis
372:Pelodiscus sinensis
360:Pelochelys cantorii
131:Pelodiscus sinensis
18:Soft-shelled turtle
4171:Nanhsiungchelyidae
4136:Macrocephalochelys
2841:Trionyx ikoviensis
1958:2015-05-18 at the
1886:2011-05-26 at the
1862:2013-10-21 at the
1828:Mitsukuri, Kakichi
1690:10.1242/jeb.068916
1325:Amyda cartilaginea
582:
429:
375:
5347:
5346:
5293:Open Tree of Life
5080:Taxon identifiers
5071:
5070:
5042:
5041:
5038:
5037:
4985:
4984:
4981:
4980:
4403:
4402:
4399:
4398:
4082:
4081:
3854:
3853:
3357:
3356:
3275:
3274:
2996:
2995:
2992:
2991:
2988:
2987:
2869:
2868:
2376:Axestemys vittata
2336:Axestemys byssina
2243:
2242:
2133:(all species) at
1986:(see Bill H.3121)
1982:(South Carolina)
1879:Zhang Jian (章剑),
1844:Trionyx japonicus
1605:978-0-12-178560-4
1557:10.1002/spp2.1414
1507:Trionyx triunguis
1406:Lissemys punctata
1358:Apalone spinifera
1306:
1305:
1297:
1296:
1288:
1287:
1279:
1278:
1270:
1269:
1203:
1202:
1129:
1128:
1120:
1119:
1070:
1069:
1061:
1060:
968:
967:
959:
958:
904:
903:
895:
894:
475:Trionyx japonicus
370:Head and neck of
355:sexual dimorphism
336:Apalone spinifera
291:Leopold Fitzinger
287:softshell turtles
265:
264:
234:
27:Family of turtles
16:(Redirected from
5377:
5340:
5339:
5327:
5326:
5314:
5313:
5301:
5300:
5288:
5287:
5275:
5274:
5272:NHMSYS0000375795
5262:
5261:
5249:
5248:
5236:
5235:
5223:
5222:
5210:
5209:
5197:
5196:
5184:
5183:
5171:
5170:
5158:
5157:
5145:
5144:
5135:
5134:
5122:
5121:
5120:
5107:
5106:
5105:
5075:
5074:
5001:
5000:
4994:
4993:
4506:Chupacabrachelys
4421:
4420:
4414:
4413:
4091:
4090:
3869:Carettochelyidae
3865:
3864:
3368:
3367:
3286:
3285:
3018:
3017:
3007:
3006:
2975:
2974:
2966:
2965:
2957:
2956:
2896:
2889:
2882:
2873:
2872:
2556:Hutchemys sterea
2360:Axestemys quinni
2251:
2250:
2230:
2229:
2167:
2160:
2153:
2144:
2143:
2118:
2117:
2081:
2075:
2074:
2048:
2039:
2030:
2029:
2027:
2025:
2014:
1987:
1980:
1974:
1969:
1963:
1950:
1944:
1939:
1938:
1922:
1913:
1911:
1909:
1908:
1899:. Archived from
1877:
1871:
1853:
1847:
1837:
1824:
1818:
1817:
1807:
1795:
1789:
1788:
1740:
1734:
1733:
1709:
1703:
1702:
1692:
1668:
1662:
1661:
1651:
1627:
1621:
1616:
1610:
1609:
1591:
1582:
1575:
1569:
1568:
1536:
1530:
1525:
1502:
1491:Rafetus swinhoei
1486:
1470:
1449:
1433:
1417:
1401:
1390:Dogania subplana
1385:
1369:
1353:
1337:
1320:
1217:
1216:
1150:
1149:
1143:
1142:
1084:
1083:
1025:
1024:
1001:
1000:
994:
993:
987:
986:
923:
922:
859:
858:
835:
834:
823:
822:
816:
815:
802:
801:
638:
627:
616:
593:
485:in England. The
409:microchromosomes
229:
147:
146:
122:
112:
49:
45:Temporal range:
39:
38:
21:
5385:
5384:
5380:
5379:
5378:
5376:
5375:
5374:
5365:Turtle families
5350:
5349:
5348:
5343:
5335:
5330:
5322:
5317:
5309:
5304:
5296:
5291:
5283:
5278:
5270:
5265:
5257:
5252:
5244:
5239:
5231:
5226:
5218:
5213:
5205:
5200:
5192:
5187:
5179:
5174:
5166:
5161:
5153:
5148:
5140:
5138:
5130:
5125:
5116:
5115:
5110:
5101:
5100:
5095:
5082:
5072:
5067:
5034:
4977:
4954:Sahonachelyidae
4947:
4833:
4806:
4671:
4602:Phosphatochelys
4441:
4395:
4336:
4331:Terlinguachelys
4299:Pneumatoarthrus
4202:
4164:
4078:
4051:
3899:
3850:
3654:
3633:
3621:Siebenrockiella
3479:
3353:
3304:
3271:
3220:
3207:Mesodermochelys
3152:
3013:
2984:
2946:
2905:
2900:
2870:
2865:
2854:
2818:
2793:
2753:
2723:
2703:
2679:
2639:
2609:
2569:
2513:
2481:
2461:
2436:
2411:
2381:
2317:
2287:
2252:
2248:
2239:
2234:Species of the
2221:
2177:
2171:
2127:
2122:
2121:
2092:(6): e1225748.
2082:
2078:
2046:
2040:
2033:
2023:
2021:
2016:
2015:
1990:
1981:
1977:
1970:
1966:
1960:Wayback Machine
1951:
1947:
1923:
1916:
1906:
1904:
1895:
1888:Wayback Machine
1878:
1874:
1864:Wayback Machine
1855:Zhao Huanxin, "
1854:
1850:
1825:
1821:
1805:
1796:
1792:
1741:
1737:
1730:
1710:
1706:
1683:(21): 3723–33.
1669:
1665:
1628:
1624:
1617:
1613:
1606:
1592:
1585:
1576:
1572:
1537:
1533:
1526:
1522:
1517:
1510:
1503:
1494:
1487:
1478:
1471:
1462:
1450:
1441:
1434:
1425:
1418:
1409:
1402:
1393:
1386:
1377:
1370:
1361:
1354:
1345:
1338:
1329:
1321:
1312:
1307:
1298:
1289:
1280:
1271:
1204:
1130:
1121:
1071:
1062:
969:
960:
905:
896:
793:
778:
696:, Amyda menneri
564:
516:
434:
417:
323:
321:Characteristics
278:of a number of
228:
141:
128:
113:
111:
110:
105:
100:
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
60:
55:
47:
46:
43:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5383:
5373:
5372:
5367:
5362:
5345:
5344:
5342:
5341:
5328:
5315:
5302:
5289:
5276:
5263:
5250:
5237:
5224:
5211:
5198:
5189:Fauna Europaea
5185:
5172:
5159:
5146:
5136:
5123:
5108:
5092:
5090:
5084:
5083:
5069:
5068:
5066:
5065:
5058:
5057:
5056:. † = extinct.
5047:
5044:
5043:
5040:
5039:
5036:
5035:
5033:
5032:
5024:
5016:
5007:
5005:
4998:
4991:
4987:
4986:
4983:
4982:
4979:
4978:
4976:
4975:
4967:
4958:
4956:
4949:
4948:
4946:
4945:
4937:
4930:
4923:
4915:
4907:
4900:
4892:
4884:
4876:
4868:
4860:
4852:
4849:Albertwoodemys
4843:
4841:
4839:Podocnemididae
4835:
4834:
4832:
4831:
4824:
4816:
4814:
4808:
4807:
4805:
4804:
4796:
4789:
4782:
4775:
4767:
4760:
4753:
4746:
4739:
4736:Lomalatachelys
4731:
4724:
4717:
4710:
4703:
4696:
4689:
4681:
4679:
4673:
4672:
4670:
4669:
4661:
4653:
4645:
4637:
4629:
4621:
4613:
4605:
4597:
4589:
4586:Labrostochelys
4581:
4573:
4565:
4557:
4549:
4541:
4533:
4525:
4517:
4509:
4501:
4493:
4485:
4477:
4469:
4461:
4452:
4450:
4443:
4442:
4440:
4439:
4430:
4428:
4426:Araripemydidae
4418:
4411:
4405:
4404:
4401:
4400:
4397:
4396:
4394:
4393:
4385:
4377:
4369:
4361:
4353:
4344:
4342:
4338:
4337:
4335:
4334:
4326:
4318:
4310:
4302:
4294:
4286:
4278:
4270:
4262:
4254:
4246:
4238:
4230:
4222:
4213:
4211:
4204:
4203:
4201:
4200:
4192:
4184:
4175:
4173:
4166:
4165:
4163:
4162:
4154:
4146:
4139:
4131:
4128:Emarginachelys
4123:
4115:
4107:
4099:
4097:
4088:
4084:
4083:
4080:
4079:
4077:
4076:
4073:Sinaspideretes
4068:
4059:
4057:
4053:
4052:
4050:
4049:
4042:
4035:
4028:
4021:
4013:
4006:
3999:
3992:
3984:
3976:
3968:
3961:
3953:
3946:
3939:
3932:
3924:
3917:
3909:
3907:
3901:
3900:
3898:
3897:
3890:
3882:
3873:
3871:
3862:
3856:
3855:
3852:
3851:
3849:
3848:
3841:
3833:
3826:
3818:
3811:
3804:
3796:
3788:
3781:
3774:
3767:
3760:
3753:
3750:Hesperotestudo
3745:
3737:
3730:
3723:
3715:
3707:
3700:
3693:
3686:
3679:
3672:
3664:
3662:
3656:
3655:
3653:
3652:
3644:
3642:
3640:Platysternidae
3635:
3634:
3632:
3631:
3624:
3617:
3610:
3603:
3596:
3589:
3582:
3575:
3568:
3561:
3554:
3547:
3540:
3533:
3526:
3519:
3512:
3505:
3497:
3489:
3487:
3481:
3480:
3478:
3477:
3469:
3462:
3455:
3448:
3441:
3434:
3427:
3420:
3413:
3406:
3399:
3392:
3385:
3376:
3374:
3365:
3359:
3358:
3355:
3354:
3352:
3351:
3344:
3337:
3330:
3322:
3314:
3312:
3306:
3305:
3303:
3302:
3294:
3292:
3290:Dermatemydidae
3283:
3281:Kinosternoidea
3277:
3276:
3273:
3272:
3270:
3269:
3261:
3253:
3250:Procolpochelys
3245:
3237:
3228:
3226:
3222:
3221:
3219:
3218:
3210:
3202:
3194:
3187:
3179:
3171:
3162:
3160:
3158:Dermochelyidae
3154:
3153:
3151:
3150:
3142:
3134:
3126:
3119:
3111:
3103:
3096:
3088:
3080:
3072:
3065:
3057:
3050:
3047:Carolinochelys
3042:
3035:
3026:
3024:
3015:
3004:
2998:
2997:
2994:
2993:
2990:
2989:
2986:
2985:
2972:
2963:
2954:
2948:
2947:
2945:
2944:
2938:
2929:
2923:
2917:
2910:
2907:
2906:
2899:
2898:
2891:
2884:
2876:
2867:
2866:
2859:
2856:
2855:
2853:
2852:
2844:
2836:
2830:
2828:
2820:
2819:
2817:
2816:
2811:
2805:
2803:
2795:
2794:
2792:
2791:
2786:
2781:
2776:
2771:
2765:
2763:
2755:
2754:
2752:
2751:
2746:
2741:
2735:
2733:
2725:
2724:
2722:
2721:
2715:
2713:
2705:
2704:
2702:
2701:
2692:
2690:
2681:
2680:
2678:
2677:
2672:
2667:
2662:
2657:
2651:
2649:
2641:
2640:
2638:
2637:
2632:
2627:
2621:
2619:
2611:
2610:
2608:
2607:
2599:
2591:
2582:
2580:
2571:
2570:
2568:
2567:
2559:
2551:
2543:
2535:
2526:
2524:
2515:
2514:
2512:
2511:
2503:
2494:
2492:
2483:
2482:
2480:
2479:
2473:
2471:
2463:
2462:
2460:
2459:
2454:
2448:
2446:
2438:
2437:
2435:
2434:
2429:
2423:
2421:
2413:
2412:
2410:
2409:
2404:
2399:
2393:
2391:
2383:
2382:
2380:
2379:
2371:
2363:
2355:
2347:
2339:
2330:
2328:
2319:
2318:
2316:
2315:
2310:
2305:
2299:
2297:
2289:
2288:
2286:
2285:
2278:
2275:Amyda gregaria
2270:
2264:
2262:
2254:
2253:
2246:
2244:
2241:
2240:
2227:
2223:
2222:
2220:
2219:
2213:
2207:
2201:
2195:
2189:
2182:
2179:
2178:
2170:
2169:
2162:
2155:
2147:
2141:
2140:
2137:
2126:
2123:
2120:
2119:
2076:
2057:(2): 307–325.
2031:
2018:"Trionychidae"
1988:
1975:
1964:
1945:
1914:
1872:
1848:
1819:
1790:
1755:(2): 137–147.
1735:
1729:978-1112357510
1728:
1704:
1663:
1649:10.1086/274187
1642:(3): 233–236.
1622:
1611:
1604:
1583:
1570:
1531:
1519:
1518:
1516:
1513:
1512:
1511:
1504:
1497:
1495:
1488:
1481:
1479:
1472:
1465:
1463:
1451:
1444:
1442:
1435:
1428:
1426:
1419:
1412:
1410:
1403:
1396:
1394:
1387:
1380:
1378:
1371:
1364:
1362:
1355:
1348:
1346:
1339:
1332:
1330:
1322:
1315:
1311:
1308:
1304:
1303:
1300:
1299:
1295:
1294:
1291:
1290:
1286:
1285:
1282:
1281:
1277:
1276:
1273:
1272:
1268:
1267:
1264:
1263:
1254:
1251:
1250:
1247:
1246:
1237:
1234:
1233:
1230:
1229:
1220:
1215:
1213:
1210:
1209:
1206:
1205:
1201:
1200:
1197:
1196:
1187:
1184:
1183:
1180:
1179:
1170:
1167:
1166:
1163:
1162:
1153:
1148:
1146:
1141:
1139:
1136:
1135:
1132:
1131:
1127:
1126:
1123:
1122:
1118:
1117:
1114:
1113:
1104:
1101:
1100:
1097:
1096:
1087:
1082:
1080:
1077:
1076:
1073:
1072:
1068:
1067:
1064:
1063:
1059:
1058:
1055:
1054:
1045:
1042:
1041:
1038:
1037:
1028:
1023:
1021:
1018:
1017:
1014:
1013:
1004:
999:
997:
992:
990:
985:
983:
975:
974:
971:
970:
966:
965:
962:
961:
957:
956:
953:
952:
943:
940:
939:
936:
935:
926:
921:
919:
911:
910:
907:
906:
902:
901:
898:
897:
893:
892:
889:
888:
879:
876:
875:
872:
871:
862:
857:
855:
852:
851:
848:
847:
838:
833:
831:
821:
819:
814:
812:
800:
792:
789:
788:
787:
777:
774:
773:
772:
771:
770:
762:
754:
746:
738:
730:
722:
714:
713:, Chitra minor
705:
697:
680:
679:
678:
670:
662:
646:
645:
644:
633:
622:
602:
563:
560:
555:South Carolina
515:
512:
502:turtle farming
433:
430:
416:
413:
322:
319:
263:
262:
261:
260:
254:
249:
241:
240:
236:
235:
223:
219:
218:
213:
209:
208:
203:
199:
198:
193:
189:
188:
183:
179:
178:
173:
169:
168:
163:
159:
158:
153:
149:
148:
135:
134:
124:
123:
115:
114:
106:
101:
96:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
61:
56:
51:
44:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5382:
5371:
5368:
5366:
5363:
5361:
5358:
5357:
5355:
5338:
5333:
5329:
5325:
5320:
5316:
5312:
5307:
5303:
5299:
5294:
5290:
5286:
5281:
5277:
5273:
5268:
5264:
5260:
5255:
5251:
5247:
5242:
5238:
5234:
5229:
5225:
5221:
5216:
5212:
5208:
5203:
5199:
5195:
5190:
5186:
5182:
5177:
5173:
5169:
5164:
5160:
5156:
5151:
5147:
5143:
5137:
5133:
5128:
5124:
5119:
5113:
5109:
5104:
5098:
5094:
5093:
5091:
5089:
5085:
5081:
5076:
5064:
5060:
5059:
5055:
5054:
5049:
5048:
5045:
5031:
5030:
5029:Tacuarembemys
5025:
5023:
5022:
5017:
5015:
5014:
5009:
5008:
5006:
5002:
4999:
4995:
4992:
4988:
4974:
4973:
4968:
4966:
4965:
4964:Sahonachelys
4960:
4959:
4957:
4955:
4950:
4944:
4943:
4938:
4936:
4935:
4931:
4929:
4928:
4927:Peltocephalus
4924:
4922:
4921:
4916:
4914:
4913:
4912:Lapparentemys
4908:
4906:
4905:
4901:
4899:
4898:
4893:
4891:
4890:
4885:
4883:
4882:
4877:
4875:
4874:
4869:
4867:
4866:
4861:
4859:
4858:
4853:
4851:
4850:
4845:
4844:
4842:
4840:
4836:
4830:
4829:
4825:
4823:
4822:
4818:
4817:
4815:
4813:
4812:Pelomedusidae
4809:
4803:
4802:
4801:Yaminuechelys
4797:
4795:
4794:
4790:
4788:
4787:
4783:
4781:
4780:
4776:
4774:
4773:
4772:Prochelidella
4768:
4766:
4765:
4761:
4759:
4758:
4754:
4752:
4751:
4747:
4745:
4744:
4740:
4738:
4737:
4732:
4730:
4729:
4725:
4723:
4722:
4718:
4716:
4715:
4711:
4709:
4708:
4704:
4702:
4701:
4697:
4695:
4694:
4690:
4688:
4687:
4686:Acanthochelys
4683:
4682:
4680:
4678:
4674:
4668:
4667:
4662:
4660:
4659:
4654:
4652:
4651:
4646:
4644:
4643:
4638:
4636:
4635:
4630:
4628:
4627:
4622:
4620:
4619:
4614:
4612:
4611:
4606:
4604:
4603:
4598:
4596:
4595:
4590:
4588:
4587:
4582:
4580:
4579:
4574:
4572:
4571:
4570:Kinkonychelys
4566:
4564:
4563:
4558:
4556:
4555:
4554:Itapecuruemys
4550:
4548:
4547:
4542:
4540:
4539:
4534:
4532:
4531:
4526:
4524:
4523:
4518:
4516:
4515:
4514:Eotaphrosphys
4510:
4508:
4507:
4502:
4500:
4499:
4494:
4492:
4491:
4486:
4484:
4483:
4478:
4476:
4475:
4470:
4468:
4467:
4462:
4460:
4459:
4454:
4453:
4451:
4449:
4448:Bothremydidae
4444:
4438:
4437:
4432:
4431:
4429:
4427:
4422:
4419:
4415:
4412:
4410:
4406:
4392:
4391:
4386:
4384:
4383:
4378:
4376:
4375:
4370:
4368:
4367:
4362:
4360:
4359:
4358:Argillochelys
4354:
4352:
4351:
4346:
4345:
4343:
4339:
4333:
4332:
4327:
4325:
4324:
4323:Santanachelys
4319:
4317:
4316:
4311:
4309:
4308:
4303:
4301:
4300:
4295:
4293:
4292:
4287:
4285:
4284:
4279:
4277:
4276:
4271:
4269:
4268:
4267:Desmatochelys
4263:
4261:
4260:
4255:
4253:
4252:
4251:Calcarichelys
4247:
4245:
4244:
4239:
4237:
4236:
4235:Atlantochelys
4231:
4229:
4228:
4223:
4221:
4220:
4215:
4214:
4212:
4210:
4209:Protostegidae
4205:
4199:
4198:
4197:Jiangxichelys
4193:
4191:
4190:
4185:
4183:
4182:
4181:Anomalochelys
4177:
4176:
4174:
4172:
4167:
4161:
4160:
4159:Protochelydra
4155:
4153:
4152:
4151:Planiplastron
4147:
4145:
4144:
4140:
4138:
4137:
4132:
4130:
4129:
4124:
4122:
4121:
4116:
4114:
4113:
4108:
4106:
4105:
4101:
4100:
4098:
4096:
4092:
4089:
4085:
4075:
4074:
4069:
4067:
4066:
4061:
4060:
4058:
4054:
4048:
4047:
4043:
4041:
4040:
4036:
4034:
4033:
4029:
4027:
4026:
4022:
4020:
4019:
4014:
4012:
4011:
4007:
4005:
4004:
4000:
3998:
3997:
3993:
3991:
3990:
3985:
3983:
3982:
3977:
3975:
3974:
3969:
3967:
3966:
3962:
3960:
3959:
3958:Drazinderetes
3954:
3952:
3951:
3947:
3945:
3944:
3940:
3938:
3937:
3933:
3931:
3930:
3925:
3923:
3922:
3918:
3916:
3915:
3911:
3910:
3908:
3906:
3902:
3896:
3895:
3894:Carettochelys
3891:
3889:
3888:
3883:
3881:
3880:
3875:
3874:
3872:
3870:
3866:
3863:
3861:
3857:
3847:
3846:
3842:
3840:
3839:
3834:
3832:
3831:
3827:
3825:
3824:
3819:
3817:
3816:
3812:
3810:
3809:
3805:
3803:
3802:
3797:
3795:
3794:
3789:
3787:
3786:
3782:
3780:
3779:
3778:Malacochersus
3775:
3773:
3772:
3768:
3766:
3765:
3761:
3759:
3758:
3754:
3752:
3751:
3746:
3744:
3743:
3738:
3736:
3735:
3731:
3729:
3728:
3724:
3722:
3721:
3716:
3714:
3713:
3708:
3706:
3705:
3701:
3699:
3698:
3694:
3692:
3691:
3687:
3685:
3684:
3680:
3678:
3677:
3673:
3671:
3670:
3669:Aldabrachelys
3666:
3665:
3663:
3661:
3657:
3651:
3650:
3646:
3645:
3643:
3641:
3636:
3630:
3629:
3625:
3623:
3622:
3618:
3616:
3615:
3611:
3609:
3608:
3604:
3602:
3601:
3597:
3595:
3594:
3590:
3588:
3587:
3583:
3581:
3580:
3576:
3574:
3573:
3569:
3567:
3566:
3562:
3560:
3559:
3555:
3553:
3552:
3551:Leucocephalon
3548:
3546:
3545:
3541:
3539:
3538:
3534:
3532:
3531:
3527:
3525:
3524:
3520:
3518:
3517:
3513:
3511:
3510:
3506:
3504:
3503:
3502:Banhxeochelys
3498:
3496:
3495:
3491:
3490:
3488:
3486:
3482:
3476:
3475:
3470:
3468:
3467:
3463:
3461:
3460:
3456:
3454:
3453:
3449:
3447:
3446:
3442:
3440:
3439:
3435:
3433:
3432:
3428:
3426:
3425:
3421:
3419:
3418:
3414:
3412:
3411:
3407:
3405:
3404:
3400:
3398:
3397:
3393:
3391:
3390:
3386:
3384:
3383:
3378:
3377:
3375:
3373:
3369:
3366:
3364:
3363:Testudinoidea
3360:
3350:
3349:
3345:
3343:
3342:
3338:
3336:
3335:
3331:
3329:
3328:
3323:
3321:
3320:
3316:
3315:
3313:
3311:
3310:Kinosternidae
3307:
3301:
3300:
3296:
3295:
3293:
3291:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3278:
3268:
3267:
3262:
3260:
3259:
3258:Protosphargis
3254:
3252:
3251:
3246:
3244:
3243:
3238:
3236:
3235:
3230:
3229:
3227:
3223:
3217:
3216:
3211:
3209:
3208:
3203:
3201:
3200:
3195:
3193:
3192:
3188:
3186:
3185:
3180:
3178:
3177:
3172:
3170:
3169:
3164:
3163:
3161:
3159:
3155:
3149:
3148:
3143:
3141:
3140:
3135:
3133:
3132:
3127:
3125:
3124:
3120:
3118:
3117:
3112:
3110:
3109:
3104:
3102:
3101:
3097:
3095:
3094:
3089:
3087:
3086:
3081:
3079:
3078:
3073:
3071:
3070:
3066:
3064:
3063:
3058:
3056:
3055:
3051:
3049:
3048:
3043:
3041:
3040:
3036:
3034:
3033:
3028:
3027:
3025:
3023:
3019:
3016:
3014:(Sea turtles)
3012:
3008:
3005:
3003:
2999:
2983:
2982:
2976:
2973:
2971:
2967:
2964:
2962:
2958:
2955:
2953:
2949:
2943:
2939:
2937:
2933:
2930:
2928:
2924:
2922:
2918:
2916:
2912:
2911:
2908:
2904:
2897:
2892:
2890:
2885:
2883:
2878:
2877:
2874:
2864:. †=extinct.
2863:
2857:
2851:
2850:
2845:
2843:
2842:
2837:
2835:
2832:
2831:
2829:
2827:
2826:
2821:
2815:
2812:
2810:
2807:
2806:
2804:
2802:
2801:
2796:
2790:
2787:
2785:
2782:
2780:
2777:
2775:
2772:
2770:
2767:
2766:
2764:
2762:
2761:
2756:
2750:
2747:
2745:
2742:
2740:
2737:
2736:
2734:
2732:
2731:
2726:
2720:
2717:
2716:
2714:
2712:
2711:
2706:
2700:
2699:
2694:
2693:
2691:
2689:
2688:
2682:
2676:
2673:
2671:
2668:
2666:
2663:
2661:
2658:
2656:
2653:
2652:
2650:
2648:
2647:
2642:
2636:
2633:
2631:
2628:
2626:
2623:
2622:
2620:
2618:
2617:
2612:
2606:
2605:
2600:
2598:
2597:
2592:
2590:
2589:
2584:
2583:
2581:
2579:
2578:
2572:
2566:
2565:
2560:
2558:
2557:
2552:
2550:
2549:
2544:
2542:
2541:
2536:
2534:
2533:
2528:
2527:
2525:
2523:
2522:
2516:
2510:
2509:
2504:
2502:
2501:
2496:
2495:
2493:
2491:
2490:
2484:
2478:
2475:
2474:
2472:
2470:
2469:
2464:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2450:
2449:
2447:
2445:
2444:
2439:
2433:
2430:
2428:
2425:
2424:
2422:
2420:
2419:
2414:
2408:
2405:
2403:
2400:
2398:
2395:
2394:
2392:
2390:
2389:
2384:
2378:
2377:
2372:
2370:
2369:
2364:
2362:
2361:
2356:
2354:
2353:
2348:
2346:
2345:
2340:
2338:
2337:
2332:
2331:
2329:
2327:
2326:
2320:
2314:
2311:
2309:
2306:
2304:
2301:
2300:
2298:
2296:
2295:
2290:
2284:
2283:
2279:
2277:
2276:
2271:
2269:
2266:
2265:
2263:
2261:
2260:
2255:
2237:
2231:
2228:
2224:
2218:
2215:Superfamily:
2214:
2212:
2208:
2206:
2202:
2200:
2196:
2194:
2190:
2188:
2184:
2183:
2180:
2175:
2168:
2163:
2161:
2156:
2154:
2149:
2148:
2145:
2138:
2136:
2132:
2129:
2128:
2115:
2111:
2107:
2103:
2099:
2095:
2091:
2087:
2080:
2072:
2068:
2064:
2060:
2056:
2052:
2045:
2038:
2036:
2020:. Fossilworks
2019:
2013:
2011:
2009:
2007:
2005:
2003:
2001:
1999:
1997:
1995:
1993:
1985:
1979:
1973:
1968:
1961:
1957:
1954:
1949:
1943:
1937:
1932:
1928:
1921:
1919:
1903:on 2010-11-18
1902:
1898:
1893:
1889:
1885:
1882:
1876:
1869:
1865:
1861:
1858:
1852:
1845:
1841:
1835:
1834:
1829:
1823:
1815:
1811:
1804:
1800:
1799:Jenyns, Soame
1794:
1786:
1782:
1778:
1774:
1770:
1766:
1762:
1758:
1754:
1750:
1746:
1739:
1731:
1725:
1721:
1717:
1716:
1708:
1700:
1696:
1691:
1686:
1682:
1678:
1674:
1667:
1659:
1655:
1650:
1645:
1641:
1637:
1633:
1626:
1620:
1615:
1607:
1601:
1597:
1590:
1588:
1581:. 186: 1–101.
1580:
1574:
1566:
1562:
1558:
1554:
1550:
1546:
1542:
1535:
1529:
1524:
1520:
1509:
1508:
1501:
1496:
1493:
1492:
1485:
1480:
1477:
1476:
1469:
1464:
1460:
1456:
1455:
1448:
1443:
1440:
1439:
1432:
1427:
1424:
1423:
1416:
1411:
1408:
1407:
1400:
1395:
1392:
1391:
1384:
1379:
1376:
1375:
1374:Chitra indica
1368:
1363:
1360:
1359:
1352:
1347:
1344:
1343:
1342:Apalone ferox
1336:
1331:
1327:
1326:
1319:
1314:
1313:
1302:
1301:
1293:
1292:
1284:
1283:
1275:
1274:
1266:
1265:
1262:
1261:
1260:
1253:
1252:
1249:
1248:
1245:
1244:
1243:
1236:
1235:
1232:
1231:
1228:
1227:
1226:
1219:
1218:
1212:
1211:
1208:
1207:
1199:
1198:
1195:
1194:
1193:
1186:
1185:
1182:
1181:
1178:
1177:
1176:
1169:
1168:
1165:
1164:
1161:
1160:
1159:
1152:
1151:
1145:
1144:
1138:
1137:
1134:
1133:
1125:
1124:
1116:
1115:
1112:
1111:
1110:
1103:
1102:
1099:
1098:
1095:
1094:
1093:
1086:
1085:
1079:
1078:
1075:
1074:
1066:
1065:
1057:
1056:
1053:
1052:
1051:
1044:
1043:
1040:
1039:
1036:
1035:
1034:
1027:
1026:
1020:
1019:
1016:
1015:
1012:
1011:
1010:
1003:
1002:
996:
995:
989:
988:
981:
977:
976:
973:
972:
964:
963:
955:
954:
951:
950:
949:
942:
941:
938:
937:
934:
933:
932:
925:
924:
917:
916:Plastomeninae
913:
912:
909:
908:
900:
899:
891:
890:
887:
886:
885:
878:
877:
874:
873:
870:
869:
868:
861:
860:
854:
853:
850:
849:
846:
845:
844:
837:
836:
829:
828:Cyclanorbinae
825:
824:
818:
817:
810:
809:
804:
803:
799:
797:
786:
785:
780:
779:
769:
768:
763:
761:
760:
755:
753:
752:
747:
745:
744:
739:
737:
736:
731:
729:
728:
723:
721:
720:
715:
712:
711:
706:
704:
703:
698:
695:
694:
689:
688:
687:
684:
681:
677:
676:
671:
669:
668:
663:
661:
660:
655:
654:
653:
652:Cyclanorbinae
650:
647:
643:
642:
634:
632:
631:
623:
621:
620:
612:
611:
609:
608:Plastomeninae
606:
603:
601:
597:
596:
595:Palaeotrionyx
589:
588:
587:
586:
579:
575:
574:
568:
559:
556:
551:
549:
545:
544:
538:
536:
531:
527:
523:
522:
521:Apalone ferox
511:
509:
508:
503:
499:
494:
492:
488:
484:
480:
476:
472:
468:
467:
461:
459:
455:
451:
447:
443:
439:
426:
421:
412:
410:
406:
402:
397:
395:
392:According to
390:
388:
384:
378:
373:
368:
364:
362:
361:
356:
351:
349:
344:
342:
338:
337:
332:
328:
318:
316:
312:
311:
306:
305:
300:
296:
292:
288:
284:
281:
277:
274:
270:
259:
258:Plastomeninae
255:
253:
250:
248:
247:Cyclanorbinae
245:
244:
242:
237:
232:
227:
224:
221:
220:
217:
214:
212:Superfamily:
211:
210:
207:
204:
201:
200:
197:
194:
191:
190:
187:
184:
181:
180:
177:
174:
171:
170:
167:
164:
161:
160:
157:
154:
151:
150:
145:
140:
136:
133:
132:
125:
121:
116:
109:
104:
99:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
64:
59:
54:
40:
37:
33:
19:
5360:Trionychidae
5132:Trionychidae
5118:Trionychidae
5088:Trionychidae
5087:
5052:
5027:
5019:
5011:
4970:
4962:
4940:
4932:
4925:
4918:
4910:
4904:Erymnochelys
4902:
4895:
4889:Cerrejonemys
4887:
4879:
4871:
4865:Brontochelys
4863:
4855:
4847:
4826:
4819:
4799:
4791:
4784:
4779:Pseudemydura
4777:
4770:
4762:
4755:
4748:
4741:
4734:
4726:
4719:
4712:
4705:
4698:
4691:
4684:
4664:
4656:
4648:
4640:
4632:
4624:
4616:
4608:
4600:
4592:
4584:
4576:
4568:
4560:
4552:
4544:
4536:
4528:
4520:
4512:
4504:
4496:
4488:
4480:
4472:
4464:
4456:
4434:
4388:
4382:Prionochelys
4380:
4372:
4364:
4356:
4348:
4329:
4321:
4313:
4305:
4297:
4289:
4281:
4273:
4265:
4259:Cratochelone
4257:
4249:
4243:Bouliachelys
4241:
4233:
4225:
4219:Alienochelys
4217:
4195:
4187:
4179:
4157:
4149:
4141:
4134:
4126:
4120:Chelydropsis
4118:
4110:
4102:
4071:
4065:Basilochelys
4063:
4044:
4037:
4030:
4023:
4016:
4008:
4001:
3994:
3989:Khunnuchelys
3987:
3979:
3971:
3963:
3956:
3948:
3941:
3934:
3927:
3919:
3912:
3905:Trionychidae
3904:
3892:
3885:
3879:Allaeochelys
3877:
3843:
3836:
3830:Stigmochelys
3828:
3821:
3813:
3806:
3799:
3793:Megalochelys
3791:
3783:
3776:
3769:
3762:
3755:
3748:
3740:
3732:
3725:
3718:
3710:
3704:Cylindraspis
3702:
3695:
3688:
3683:Centrochelys
3681:
3674:
3667:
3660:Testudinidae
3649:Platysternon
3647:
3628:Vijayachelys
3626:
3619:
3612:
3607:Rhinoclemmys
3605:
3598:
3591:
3584:
3577:
3572:Melanochelys
3570:
3563:
3556:
3549:
3542:
3535:
3528:
3521:
3514:
3507:
3500:
3492:
3472:
3464:
3457:
3450:
3443:
3436:
3429:
3422:
3415:
3408:
3401:
3394:
3387:
3382:Acherontemys
3380:
3348:Sternotherus
3346:
3339:
3332:
3325:
3317:
3297:
3264:
3256:
3248:
3240:
3232:
3215:Psephophorus
3213:
3205:
3197:
3189:
3182:
3174:
3166:
3145:
3137:
3131:Pacifichelys
3129:
3121:
3114:
3106:
3100:Lepidochelys
3098:
3091:
3083:
3077:Gigantatypus
3075:
3069:Eretmochelys
3067:
3060:
3052:
3045:
3037:
3030:
3011:Chelonioidea
2979:
2931:
2847:
2839:
2823:
2798:
2758:
2728:
2708:
2696:
2685:
2644:
2614:
2602:
2594:
2586:
2577:Khunnuchelys
2575:
2562:
2554:
2546:
2538:
2530:
2519:
2506:
2498:
2487:
2466:
2441:
2416:
2386:
2374:
2366:
2358:
2350:
2342:
2334:
2323:
2292:
2282:Amyda ornata
2280:
2273:
2257:
2236:Trionychidae
2235:
2174:Trionychidae
2173:
2131:Trionychidae
2089:
2085:
2079:
2054:
2050:
2022:. Retrieved
1978:
1967:
1948:
1926:
1905:. Retrieved
1901:the original
1891:
1875:
1867:
1851:
1843:
1839:
1832:
1822:
1813:
1809:
1793:
1752:
1748:
1738:
1714:
1707:
1680:
1676:
1666:
1639:
1635:
1625:
1614:
1595:
1578:
1573:
1548:
1544:
1534:
1528:Chelonia.org
1523:
1505:
1489:
1473:
1452:
1436:
1420:
1404:
1388:
1372:
1356:
1340:
1323:
1257:
1256:
1240:
1239:
1223:
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1190:
1189:
1173:
1172:
1156:
1155:
1107:
1106:
1090:
1089:
1048:
1047:
1031:
1030:
1007:
1006:
980:Trionychinae
946:
945:
929:
928:
882:
881:
865:
864:
841:
840:
808:Trionychidae
807:
806:
794:
782:
765:
757:
749:
741:
733:
725:
717:
708:
700:
691:
686:Trionychinae
682:
673:
665:
657:
648:
639:
628:
617:
604:
599:
590:
584:
583:
571:
552:
548:turtle farms
541:
539:
519:
517:
505:
497:
495:
490:
483:green turtle
474:
464:
462:
450:Soame Jenyns
435:
432:In East Asia
424:
398:
391:
379:
376:
371:
358:
352:
345:
334:
324:
317:until 1987.
314:
308:
302:
286:
269:Trionychidae
268:
266:
252:Trionychinae
239:Subfamilies
226:Trionychidae
225:
129:
42:Trionychidae
36:
5228:iNaturalist
5112:Wikispecies
4942:Stupendemys
4897:Cordichelys
4743:Mesoclemmys
4728:Hydromedusa
4650:Taphrosphys
4642:Sankuchemys
4634:Rhothonemys
4610:Polysternon
4490:Cearachelys
4474:Azabbaremys
4458:Araiochelys
4374:Ctenochelys
4366:Bashuchelys
4315:Rhinochelys
4291:Ocepechelon
4283:Notochelone
4275:Iserosaurus
4143:Macrochelys
4095:Chelydridae
4018:Palaeoamyda
3943:Cyclanorbis
3808:Psammobates
3801:Oligopherus
3764:Indotestudo
3712:Cymatholcus
3690:Chelonoidis
3676:Astrochelys
3485:Geoemydidae
3403:Deirochelys
3341:Staurotypus
3334:Kinosternon
3327:Hoplochelys
3242:Peritresius
3191:Dermochelys
3184:Cosmochelys
3176:Corsochelys
3093:Itilochelys
3085:Glarichelys
3032:Allopleuron
3022:Cheloniidae
2961:Superfamily
2687:Palaeoamyda
2418:Cyclanorbis
2024:17 December
1892:Turtle news
1868:China Daily
1175:Aspideretes
948:Plastomenus
843:Cyclanorbis
784:Aspideretes
659:Cyclanorbis
641:Plastomenus
576:sp. in the
573:Plastomenus
425:suppon-nabe
399:Unlike the
329:lack horny
5354:Categories
5021:Caririemys
4934:Podocnemis
4920:Latentemys
4881:Carbonemys
4821:Pelomedusa
4658:Ummulisani
4578:Kurmademys
4546:Inaechelys
4530:Galianemys
4498:Chedighaii
4436:Araripemys
4409:Pleurodira
4390:Toxochelys
4307:Protostega
4112:Chelydrops
4032:Pelodiscus
4025:Pelochelys
3973:Gilmoremys
3950:Cycloderma
3860:Trionychia
3727:Geochelone
3720:Floridemys
3586:Notochelys
3474:Wilburemys
3445:Malaclemys
3299:Dermatemys
3266:Puppigerus
3199:Eosphargis
3116:Miocaretta
3108:Mexichelys
3002:Cryptodira
2942:Testudines
2903:Testudines
2760:Pelodiscus
2730:Pelochelys
2489:Gilmoremys
2443:Cycloderma
2217:Trionychia
2211:Testudines
2203:Subclass:
2125:References
1907:2009-12-28
1328:(juvenile)
1259:Pelodiscus
1050:Pelochelys
867:Cycloderma
751:Pelodiscus
743:Pelochelys
667:Cycloderma
619:Gilmoremys
570:Fossil of
444:them with
216:Trionychia
206:Cryptodira
202:Suborder:
196:Testudines
5061:See also
5013:Caribemys
4873:Caninemys
4857:Bauruemys
4786:Rheodytes
4750:Myuchelys
4693:Chelodina
4618:Puentemys
4594:Nigeremys
4538:Ilatardia
4482:Bothremys
4189:Basilemys
4003:Nilssonia
3981:Hutchemys
3929:Axestemys
3887:Anosteira
3742:Hadrianus
3600:Pangshura
3558:Malayemys
3523:Geoclemys
3466:Trachemys
3459:Terrapene
3452:Pseudemys
3438:Graptemys
3431:Glyptemys
3424:Emydoidea
3417:Actinemys
3389:Chrysemys
3234:Euclastes
3062:Eochelone
2913:Kingdom:
2646:Nilssonia
2521:Hutchemys
2325:Axestemys
2185:Kingdom:
2114:133358179
1816:: 161–163
1769:0967-3849
1565:245107305
1192:Nilssonia
931:Hutchemys
796:Cladogram
791:Phylogeny
727:Nilssonia
683:Subfamily
649:Subfamily
630:Hutchemys
610:(fossil)
605:Subfamily
598:(fossil)
580:, Chicago
454:Guangdong
423:Japanese
327:carapaces
299:Australia
273:taxonomic
231:Fitzinger
162:Kingdom:
156:Eukaryota
5139:BioLib:
5097:Wikidata
4828:Pelusios
4793:Rhinemys
4764:Platemys
4757:Phrynops
4677:Chelidae
4666:Zolhafah
4562:Jainemys
4227:Archelon
4104:Chelydra
3996:Lissemys
3838:Stylemys
3823:Solitudo
3785:Manouria
3734:Gopherus
3697:Chersina
3565:Mauremys
3544:Heosemys
3537:Hardella
3530:Geoemyda
3516:Cyclemys
3372:Emydidae
3319:Claudius
3168:Arabemys
3147:Tasbacka
3139:Syllomus
3054:Chelonia
2952:Suborder
2936:Diapsida
2927:Reptilia
2921:Chordata
2919:Phylum:
2915:Animalia
2616:Lissemys
2205:Anapsida
2199:Reptilia
2193:Chordata
2191:Phylum:
2187:Animalia
2071:85505337
1956:Archived
1940:Also at
1884:Archived
1860:Archived
1801:(1930),
1785:14434440
1777:23512312
1699:23053366
884:Lissemys
675:Lissemys
562:Taxonomy
438:delicacy
341:plastron
295:brackish
222:Family:
186:Reptilia
176:Chordata
172:Phylum:
166:Animalia
152:Domain:
5332:ZooBank
5103:Q374835
4972:Sokatra
4721:Emydura
4626:Rosasia
4522:Foxemys
4466:Arenila
4046:Trionyx
4039:Rafetus
3965:Dogania
3921:Apalone
3845:Testudo
3771:Kinixys
3757:Homopus
3614:Sacalia
3593:Orlitia
3579:Morenia
3494:Batagur
3396:Clemmys
3123:Natator
3039:Caretta
2940:Order:
2925:Class:
2825:Trionyx
2800:Rafetus
2468:Dogania
2294:Apalone
2209:Order:
2197:Class:
2094:Bibcode
1897:"中国龟鳖网"
1658:2449924
1310:Gallery
1225:Dogania
1109:Rafetus
1092:Apalone
1009:Trionyx
982:
918:
914: †
830:
811:
767:Trionyx
759:Rafetus
719:Dogania
702:Apalone
543:Apalone
526:Florida
487:farming
469:. As a
458:Guangxi
446:chicken
415:As food
394:Ditmars
348:snorkel
315:Trionyx
310:Apalone
304:Trionyx
192:Order:
182:Class:
5324:397352
5259:173845
5246:103390
5004:
4997:
4990:
4714:Elusor
4707:Elseya
4700:Chelus
4417:
4350:Adocus
4341:
4087:
4056:
3936:Chitra
3638:
3225:
2970:Family
2388:Chitra
2238:family
2226:Genera
2176:family
2112:
2069:
1783:
1775:
1767:
1726:
1697:
1656:
1602:
1563:
1461:market
1033:Chitra
978:
826:
805:
781:Genus
764:Genus
756:Genus
748:Genus
740:Genus
732:Genus
724:Genus
716:Genus
710:Chitra
707:Genus
699:Genus
690:Genus
672:Genus
664:Genus
656:Genus
635:Genus
624:Genus
613:Genus
491:suppon
331:scutes
283:genera
280:turtle
276:family
271:are a
233:, 1826
5319:WoRMS
5311:37674
5285:34907
5241:IRMNG
5233:39539
5194:15560
5142:16351
4010:Palea
3914:Amyda
3815:Pyxis
3509:Cuora
2981:Genus
2932:Clade
2710:Palea
2259:Amyda
2110:S2CID
2067:S2CID
2047:(PDF)
1806:(PDF)
1781:S2CID
1654:JSTOR
1561:S2CID
1515:Notes
1459:Seoul
1457:in a
1242:Palea
1158:Amyda
735:Palea
693:Amyda
442:stews
5298:5603
5280:NCBI
5254:ITIS
5220:5469
5215:GBIF
5181:8133
5155:1113
5150:BOLD
3410:Emys
2026:2021
1927:Oryx
1773:PMID
1765:ISSN
1724:ISBN
1695:PMID
1600:ISBN
387:urea
267:The
53:PreꞒ
5267:NBN
5176:EoL
5168:HGX
5163:CoL
5127:ADW
2102:doi
2059:doi
1931:doi
1890:,
1866:".
1757:doi
1685:doi
1681:215
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1991:^
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103:Pg
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