680:
410:
358:
2053:
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20:
259:
593:
147:
1975:
275:, are situated several dozen meters apart, each pool with a roughly 6 metres (20 ft) drop to the next. They are rectangular or trapezoidal in shape, partly hewn into the bedrock and partly built, between 118 and 179 metres (387–587 ft) long and 8 to 23 metres (26–75 ft) deep, with a total capacity of well over a quarter of a million cubic metres (some 290,000 m or 75 million US gallons).
714:, which also operates Bethlehem Convention Center along with other sites in the area. The Murad Castle, an Ottoman fort at the park's northern gate, has been transformed into a tourist attraction that also includes an ethnographic and history museum and a restaurant with a garden area. Plans for the larger complex include a conference center, recreational spaces and a mosque.
314:. From the pools to Bethlehem, the average drop is about 35 cm for every 270 meters, but from Bethlehem to Jerusalem it only averages 35 cm for every 1,700 meters. The length of the extant aqueduct is about 2,350 meters and the slope's gradient is about 11 meters, which means a drop of less than 85 cm for every 1,600 meters.
1215:. Buhl's words are as follows (translated from the German): "Southwest of Bethlehem, the channel from the southeast intersects another which comes from a source in the Wadi Biyyar. Where the two channels intersect, there are the famous pools of Solomon, large terraced water reservoirs, also fed by independent springs, namely
707:
still lacked any safety precautions, guards on duty, a fence, or warning signs preventing children from jumping in. As a result, complaints were filed against the ministry of Awqaf, the site's owner, and the
Solomon's Pools Tourism Agency, the operating company. A Palestinian court was then consulted on the matter.
1517:
The Murad Castle Museum features over 1500 precious artifacts representing many chapters of the
Palestinian history. The impressive display shows various handicrafts, amulets, pottery and more. Part of a Roman Aqueduct is also displayed in the museum. In addition, a unique collection of archeological
694:
The pools are directly fed by four different springs: the most prominent is 'Ain Saleh, at the head of the Wadi Urtas (Artas), about 200 metres (660 ft) to the north-west of the upper pool. The spring water is transferred to the upper pool by a large subterranean passage. From the same direction
329:
and entered the city near the present Jewish
Quarter of the Old City. It then ran along the eastern side of that hill, and was supported in part by stonework, while in other parts passed through a conduit carved from the rock, until it suddenly turned east, passed along the embankment and what is now
706:
In recent decades, the pools have suffered from neglect. Between 1967 and the 1990s, the Nassar quarry, the Arja textile industry, and other nearby enterprises freely drew water from the pools. Six people have drowned in the pools since 1993, and no one has been held accountable. In 2009, the pools
298:
of the surrounding countryside including one situated underneath the lower pool; as well as by rainwater that descended from the hills. The pools served as a storage and distribution facility. The collected water was distributed by three other aqueducts: two leading from the pools northwards to
249:
Although the pools are named and traditionally associated with King
Solomon, scholars today believe the pools to be much younger, with the oldest part dating to the 2nd century BCE. The masonry of one pool and a recently discovered aqueduct have been dated to the early Roman period.
1611:, (A Memo of the National Committee to the Government of the Land of Israel on the Method of Spelling Transliterated Geographical and Personal Names, plus Two Lists of Geographical Names), Lĕšonénu: A Journal for the Study of the Hebrew Language and Cognate Subjects,
570:
visited, and noted that beside the middle pool there were: "pavilions and tents, wherein dwelt the architects, clerks of the works, overseers, and masters, who there arranged how the watercourses should be dug through the mountains. Round about these pavilions many
422:
The water system gradually created consisted of two aqueducts feeding the pools, which themselves acted as a collection and distribution facility, and of three further aqueducts: two carrying the water north to
Jerusalem, and a third one to
502:
The High Level
Aqueduct originated in the upper pool and followed a similar route to the Low Level Aqueduct. However, its precise destination in Jerusalem is unknown. Scholars speculate that it might have supplied water to
1634:
Maisler, Benjamin (1932). "A Memo of the
National Committee to the Government of the Land of Israel on the Method of Spelling Transliterated Geographical and Personal Names, plus Two Lists of Geographical Names".
1120:), Tel-Aviv 1986, p. 253, who quotes from an ancient rabbinic source: "Between Beth-Lehem and Hebron is the great pool, being the duct that Hezekiah made, and the pool that he made, and it is
302:
The pools are positioned so that the water from the high pool can flow into the lower pool next to it when the water is pumped from it. By way of an aqueduct, the water first flowed to
380:
in 1618. It served as barracks for the
Turkish soldiers guarding the Pools of Solomon and the commercial caravans between Jerusalem and Hebron, as well as a staging post on the local
2732:
2727:
2024:
515:
Herod created the sophisticated Wadi el-Byiar
Aqueduct, which fed the upper pool. The aqueduct was partially built as a tunnel which collected underground water from the
398:. After being allowed to decay since the middle of the 19th century, the ruined fortress has been largely rebuilt and developed as part of a new tourist complex.
2772:
325:
and passed through a number of pointed arches protruding slightly above the ground. Afterwards, the aqueduct continued to meander on the southern slope of
125:. A second aqueduct, the "High-Level Aqueduct," took a similar path, but it is uncertain where it ended up in Jerusalem. It might have provided water to
1243:, although the remark that it was 23 cubits higher than the floor of the Temple court clearly points to the aqueduct. Josephus speaks of the springs in
1331:
718:
2737:
1681:
695:
comes the water of 'Ain Burak. 'Ain Attan or Ein Eitam is located south-east of the lower pool, while 'Ain
Farujeh is right underneath that pool.
2007:
373:, 'castle of Murad', known in English as Murad or Burak Castle. The rectangular structure with four square corner towers was built by the
1177:
1097:
471:
platform, where it ended inside the cisterns hidden underneath its surface. Water delivered by this aqueduct were primarily used by the
2683:
110:
703:
Today the water from the pools only reaches as far Bethlehem. The aqueduct beyond this was destroyed once taken out of use in 1967.
1212:
113:. The first one, known as the "Low-level Aqueduct," is thought to have been built in the first century BCE, around the end of the
2458:
2141:
803:; a detailed survey in 2018 established that the Lower Pool is 23 metres (75 ft) deep rather than 16 metres (52 ft).
667:. In 1902 for instance, a new 16 km pipeline to Jerusalem was inaugurated to mark the 60th birthday of the Ottoman sultan
2752:
1932:
1729:; Letteney, Mark; Peers, Max T. B. (2019). "Survey and excavations at Solomon's Pools, Palestine: 2018 preliminary report".
2747:
2302:
2287:
2069:
1492:
Solomon's Pools (Beraik Solayman), are located immediately to the south of al-Khader and about 5 km southwest of Bethlehem.
542:
built 39 kilometres (24 mi) of aqueduct bringing yet more water to Solomon's Pools from the large collection pools at
645:
The water system based on Solomon's Pools has provided water to Jerusalem, on and off, for two millennia, all until 1967.
2669:
2000:
1979:
1858:
1814:
1911:
Mazar, A. (2002), "Survey of the Aqueducts to Jerusalem", in Amit, David; Patrich, Joseph; Hirschfeld, Yizhar (eds.),
2404:
2282:
1779:
1667:
1560:
1504:
1479:
1425:
632:
186:
1709:
546:
to the south. This aqueduct, which brought water to Jerusalem, was paid for by Pontius Pilate at the expense of the
838:; Hamish Auld; Julian Hudson (1 January 2000). "Qal'at al-Burak. A Fort of the Ottoman Period South of Bethlehem".
242:
who visited the site in the late 19th-century described the source of the pools and their surrounding villages in
1993:
1531:
349:. Another, more recent pumping station below the lower pool is still providing water to the town of Bethlehem.
95:
2742:
2312:
1555:(2008) The Holy Land: An Oxford Archaeological Guide from Earliest Times to 1700 Oxford University Press US,
504:
126:
1396:
1365:
435:
The construction date of the upper (westernmost) two pools is uncertain but was probably started during the
231:. Legend has it that the king built the pools for his many wives, so that they could bathe in their waters.
1662:
Bromiley Geoffrey W (1995). The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia: E-J Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing,
1588:
331:
1964:
1453:
1339:
1153:
610:
463:
period. The aqueduct began at the lower pool and, after traveling to Jerusalem, climbed a bridge over the
299:
Jerusalem, and the third heading eastwards to the Herodium. Traces of all five aqueducts have been found.
164:
2613:
779:
711:
401:
The Castle Museum houses one of the largest ethnographic collections of Palestinian history and culture.
1266:
2777:
2297:
2052:
1840:
614:
603:
551:
318:
168:
157:
2606:
2332:
2277:
1920:
1552:
459:
The Low-Level Aqueduct is thought to have been built in the first century BCE, around the end of the
679:
2453:
656:
550:, which act in itself incited the anger of the local people. The aqueduct was destroyed during the
211:
wrote that Solomon enjoyed the beauty of the water-rich "Etham" (one of the main springs is called
536:
2757:
2638:
2202:
1173:
1093:
1790:
2762:
2292:
335:
64:
40:
721:
funded a $ 750,000 restoration project at Solomon's Pools, which were suffering from neglect.
2397:
2149:
2016:
1692:
1290:
925:
735:
2588:
2484:
1767:
1615:, Tel-Aviv 1932, p. 21 (note 1): "The spring of Etam is Ein Etam, but Etam is the ruin of
507:, which according to ancient sources, was particularly well-known for its water fountains.
346:
295:
91:
8:
2504:
2499:
2489:
2307:
2189:
1852:
664:
342:
409:
2722:
2514:
2059:
1898:
1644:
1072:
1064:
985:
855:
748:
483:
1876:
2654:
2583:
2578:
2509:
2446:
2371:
2207:
2194:
1928:
1828:
1810:
1775:
1757:
1663:
1556:
1404:
1373:
1294:
1076:
1056:
989:
977:
903:
889:
859:
649:
491:
460:
444:
436:
114:
1332:"Solomon's Pools and relating aqueducts, the heart of Jerusalem's past water supply"
562:
The lower of the three pools was built in 1483 CE during the reign of Mamluk Sultan
2767:
2664:
2649:
2538:
2494:
2390:
2322:
2154:
1942:
1753:
1738:
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at the bottom of the lower pool; further down the channel intersects the source of
1192:
1048:
969:
893:
847:
758:
543:
464:
357:
322:
1872:
1800:
1742:
1262:
973:
958:"The Water Pools and the Pilgrimage to Jerusalem in the Late Second Temple Period"
239:
2644:
2632:
2573:
1968:
1804:
1696:
1282:
547:
487:
440:
374:
317:
In olden times, this aqueduct, commonly called the "Lower Aqueduct," crossed the
279:
216:
55:
31:
957:
2599:
2563:
2463:
2245:
2159:
1806:
Hamidian Palestine: Politics and Society in the District of Jerusalem 1872-1908
1204:
1157:
835:
668:
660:
539:
524:
291:
102:
851:
2716:
2698:
2685:
2553:
2179:
1824:
1637:
Lĕšonénu: A Journal for the Study of the Hebrew Language and Cognate Subjects
1408:
1401:
Charles Wilson - Jerusalem the Holy City (צ'רלס וילסון - ירושלים העיר הקדושה)
1377:
1370:
Charles Wilson - Jerusalem the Holy City (צ'רלס וילסון - ירושלים העיר הקדושה)
1298:
1247:
and of Solomon's Gardens there, with which Ecclesiastes 2:5 can be compared."
1060:
981:
907:
743:
717:
In 2016, it was reported that a wall of one pool had collapsed. In 2017, the
472:
448:
122:
1219:
on the northwest corner of the upper pool, which connects to another source
877:
207:
2.6: "I made myself pools from which to water the forest of growing trees."
2533:
2434:
2240:
2235:
1886:
1575:
1132:
was the place known as "the waters of Nephtoah" (cf. Rashi's commentary on
753:
468:
389:
361:
Qalʿat al-Burak was built in the 17th century just north of the upper pool.
307:
204:
200:
118:
1761:
2225:
2131:
2126:
2082:
2037:
1925:
The Holy Land: An Oxford Archaeological Guide from Earliest Times to 1700
1848:
1518:
items was offered by the Palestinian Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities.
567:
1985:
1902:
1891:
Qadmoniot: A Journal for the Antiquities of Eretz-Israel and Bible Lands
1648:
238:, he would pass this place when riding in his chariot. French explorer
2250:
1068:
766:
490:- along with a fragment of a roof tile bearing a stamped impression of
394:
326:
223:). The pools are in close proximity to the ancient town of ʻEiṭam (now
117:
period. It delivered water to cisterns located underground beneath the
1881:(in French). Vol. 1: Judee, pt. 3. Paris: L'Imprimerie Nationale.
1271:(in French). Vol. 1: Judee, pt. 3. Paris: L'Imprimerie Nationale.
834:
782:(built in the early 2000s), near the Pools and run by the same company
427:. Together, the five aqueducts totalled some 80 kilometres in length.
278:
The complex of reservoirs and water conduits might have been built by
2548:
2441:
2340:
2261:
2217:
2212:
2164:
2111:
2105:
2042:
2032:
1036:
840:
Levant: The Journal of the Council for British Research in the Levant
688:
439:
period, between mid-second and mid-first century BC and completed by
311:
303:
283:
272:
106:
83:
79:
75:
19:
1915:, Journal of Roman Archaeology Supplementary Series, pp. 210–42
1878:
Description Géographique Historique et Archéologique de la Palestine
1268:
Description Géographique Historique et Archéologique de la Palestine
1052:
294:
bringing water to the pools from the hills to the south; by several
2543:
2468:
2350:
2345:
2317:
2174:
2121:
2097:
2087:
1168:
1089:
898:
424:
377:
287:
235:
208:
130:
1260:, Description de la Judée, Paris 1869, pp. 104–119, 303–309; See:
258:
2413:
2169:
2116:
1189:
Biblical Encyclopaedia - Encyclopedia of the Bible and its Period
684:
576:
563:
516:
306:, passed through an underground channel, and finally reached the
1231:
coming from the southern side of the valley. This source of the
1037:"The Water Supply of the Desert Fortresses in the Jordan Valley"
286:
ruler. The original rectangular excavations may have been stone
2230:
2184:
2101:
2077:
1974:
1961:
1457:
1236:
1144:); see also Rashi's comments on Joshua 15:8 and Deuteronomy 33.
479:
87:
2429:
2092:
1682:"Solomon's Pools: A Patient Framework Awaiting Its Potential"
1125:
926:"Second Temple era archaeological site suffer serious damage"
572:
520:
478:
On the surface of the aqueduct, archeologists discovered two
385:
74:) are three ancient reservoirs located in the south-central
381:
2382:
1536:
Hadashot Arkheologiyot: Excavations and Surveys in Israel
1482:. VISITOR INFORMATION CENTER – BETHLEHEM. 5 November 2012
365:
Near the Upper Pool stands a small Turkish fort known as
2733:
Buildings and structures completed in the 1st century BC
2728:
Buildings and structures completed in the 2nd century BC
2108:, Khallet al Karaneen, Al ‘Ukab, Harmala, and Abu Njeim)
1023:
The Low-level Aqueduct to Jerusalem: Recent Discoveries
334:, whence it entered the Temple Mount courtyard at the
199:
The pools are named and traditionally associated with
1128:, who had not seen Josephus' writings, surmised that
613:. Please help to ensure that disputed statements are
167:. Please help to ensure that disputed statements are
710:
Solomon's Pools have been managed since 2009 by the
683:
View from inside a Roman aqueduct from the Pools of
341:
Today, below the middle pool are the remains of the
69:
45:
1919:
1505:"DISCOVER MURAD CASTLE MUSEUM OF THE SOLOMON POOLS"
1725:
1710:Temple-era pools near Jerusalem set for renovation
804:
82:, about 3.5 kilometres (2.2 mi) southwest of
1854:Felix Fabri (circa 1480–1483 A.D.) vol II, part I
1403:(in Hebrew). Jerusalem: Ariel. pp. 131–132.
1326:
1324:
1322:
1320:
1318:
1316:
1314:
1312:
1310:
1308:
2714:
1391:
1389:
1387:
345:pump station that took the water by pipe to the
1360:
1358:
1356:
1025:’ in Amit, Patrich, and Hirschfeld 2002, 242-52
1009:, in Amit, Patrich, and Hirschfeld 2002. 210-42
648:Major repairs to the water system were done by
1889:(1972). "The Ancient Aqueducts of Jerusalem".
1305:
1034:
769:", bronze-cast water basin at Solomon's Temple
133:also received water from the Solomon's Pools.
2773:Tourist attractions in the State of Palestine
2398:
2001:
1772:The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia
1571:
1569:
1384:
1480:"THE MURAD CASTLE & THE SOLOMON'S POOLS"
1372:(in Hebrew). Jerusalem: Ariel. p. 131.
1353:
674:
1833:Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins
1456:. Solomon's Pools/Kani Mani. Archived from
1275:
655:during the second century CE, later by the
271:Solomon's Pools, consisting of three large
101:Solomon's Pools provided the water for two
2405:
2391:
2008:
1994:
1941:
1829:"Die Wasserversorgung der Stadt Jerusalem"
1566:
1420:
1418:
1112:, published by Yehuda Levi Nahum in book:
923:
530:
2015:
1947:A Guide to Bethlehem and its Surroundings
1602:
1448:
1446:
1035:Garbrecht, Günter; Peleg, Yehuda (1994).
897:
871:
869:
740:Historical water reservoirs in Jerusalem
633:Learn how and when to remove this message
510:
187:Learn how and when to remove this message
1766:
1395:
1364:
955:
830:
828:
826:
824:
678:
609:Relevant discussion may be found on the
519:it was passing through, in the way of a
408:
388:. For a long time it was also used as a
356:
257:
163:Relevant discussion may be found on the
18:
2738:Caravanserais in the State of Palestine
1633:
1415:
1281:
352:
2715:
1949:. Waldbrol: Flamm Druck, Wagener GMBH.
1871:
1823:
1799:
1795:. Leipzig: J.C.B. Mohr (Paul Siebeck).
1679:
1529:
1443:
1261:
1007:‘Survey of the Aqueducts to Jerusalem’
875:
866:
497:
413:Solomon's pools, between 1890 and 1905
266:
2386:
1989:
1910:
1885:
1847:
821:
800:
523:, to supplement the spring water and
454:
2288:Church of Saint Catherine, Bethlehem
1788:
1017:
1015:
1001:
999:
951:
949:
947:
945:
919:
917:
878:"Remains of the Temple at Jerusalem"
586:
557:
140:
121:, which were primarily used by the
59:
35:
13:
1774:. E-J Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing.
1258:Description de la Palestine, Judée
1195:: Jerusalem 1950-1988, pp. 186-187
14:
2789:
2303:St. George's Monastery, Al-Khader
1955:
1287:The Treasure of the Copper Scroll
1012:
996:
942:
914:
203:and linked to the passage in the
16:Ancient reservoirs near Bethlehem
2058:
2051:
1973:
1859:Palestine Pilgrims' Text Society
1691:. No. 69. pp. 98–106.
805:Adams, Letteney & Peers 2019
799:The dimensions are derived from
591:
582:
220:
145:
1731:Palestine Exploration Quarterly
1718:
1703:
1673:
1656:
1626:
1593:
1581:
1546:
1542:. Israel Antiquities Authority.
1532:"Jerusalem, the Lower Aqueduct"
1523:
1497:
1472:
1289:(2 ed.). Garden City, NY:
1250:
1198:
1182:
1162:
1147:
962:Palestine Exploration Quarterly
924:Blumenthal, Itay (2016-05-09).
793:
2283:Chapel of the Shepherds' Field
1927:. Oxford University Press US.
1792:Geographie des alten Palästina
1209:Geographie des alten Palästina
1114:Ṣohar la-ḥasifat ginzei teiman
1103:
1083:
1028:
956:Gurevich, David (2017-04-03).
698:
430:
253:
96:Palestinian National Authority
78:, immediately to the south of
1:
2313:Monastery of Saint Theodosius
1743:10.1080/00310328.2019.1579454
1154:Solomon Pools: Fit for a king
974:10.1080/00310328.2017.1310563
814:
417:
2753:Roman aqueducts outside Rome
1680:Srouji, Dima (Spring 2017).
1110:Burial Places of the Fathers
579:were running to and fro..."
369:, 'Castle of the Pools', or
290:. The pools were fed by two
7:
2748:Reservoirs in the West Bank
2614:Magical Treatise of Solomon
2412:
780:Bethlehem Convention Palace
724:
719:U.S. Consulate in Jerusalem
244:Description de la Palestine
90:. The pools are located in
70:
46:
10:
2794:
2298:Mosque of Omar (Bethlehem)
1609:List of Geographical Names
1599:Bussow, 2011, pp. 497, 536
1041:The Biblical Archaeologist
482:coins - one was minted by
404:
227:) and the spring known as
2625:
2607:The Lesser Key of Solomon
2523:
2477:
2420:
2359:
2331:
2278:Chapel of the Milk Grotto
2270:
2140:
2068:
2049:
2023:
852:10.1179/lev.2000.32.1.101
712:Convention Palace Company
675:Springs feeding the pools
111:late Second Temple period
94:under the control of the
1897:(3/4 (19/20)): 120–124.
1530:Billig, Ya’akov (2014).
1507:. Travelujah. 3 May 2017
1430:Museum With No Frontiers
786:
566:. Between 1480 and 1484
535:In a third phase, Roman
105:that delivered water to
2699:31.689583°N 35.167528°E
2203:Khirbet Beit Zakariyyah
1913:The Aqueducts of Israel
1632:See p. 21 (note 1) in:
1553:Murphy-O'Connor, Jerome
650:the 10th Roman Legion,
531:Pilate's Arrub Aqueduct
443:in connection with his
136:
92:Area A of the West Bank
2293:Church of the Nativity
1750:Biblical Encyclopaedia
1338:. 2009. Archived from
876:Leeper, J. L. (1903).
691:
552:First Jewish-Roman War
527:it was also carrying.
511:Wadi el-Byiar Aqueduct
414:
362:
263:
24:
2043:Bethlehem (Beit Lahm)
2017:Bethlehem Governorate
1962:www.solomonpools.com/
736:Herodian architecture
682:
486:and the other one by
412:
360:
347:Old City of Jerusalem
261:
23:Solomon's pools, 1981
22:
2743:History of Bethlehem
2704:31.689583; 35.167528
2639:King Solomon's Mines
2589:Testament of Solomon
2485:Judgement of Solomon
1982:at Wikimedia Commons
1235:is mentioned in the
1118:צהר לחשיפת גנזי תימן
602:factual accuracy is
353:Turkish fort; museum
205:Book of Ecclesiastes
156:factual accuracy is
2695: /
2490:Solomon and Marcolf
2308:Al-Hamadiyya Mosque
1945:; Shomali, Sawsan.
1921:Murphy-O'Connor, J.
1865:Flavius, Josephus.
1789:Buhl, D.F. (1896).
1689:Jerusalem Quarterly
1460:on 22 December 2014
1211:, Leipzig 1896, p.
1021:Billig, Y., 2002. ‘
498:High-Level Aqueduct
321:slightly above the
267:Pools and aqueducts
86:, near the road to
2515:Valley of the ants
2459:Pharaoh's daughter
2150:'Arab al-Rashayida
1967:2014-12-22 at the
1454:"Solomon's Poolsi"
882:The Biblical World
692:
484:Alexander Jannaeus
455:Low-Level Aqueduct
445:rebuilding program
415:
363:
264:
25:
2778:Water and Judaism
2678:
2677:
2584:Psalms of Solomon
2579:Prayer of Solomon
2560:Deuterocanonical
2510:Throne of Solomon
2447:Solomonic dynasty
2423:reputed relations
2380:
2379:
2195:Khallet al-Haddad
1978:Media related to
1934:978-0-19-923666-4
1727:Adams, Matthew J.
1426:"Solomon's Pools"
1090:Flavius, Josephus
1005:Mazar, A., 2002.
643:
642:
635:
558:Mamluk lower pool
492:Legio X Fretensis
197:
196:
189:
68:
44:
2785:
2710:
2709:
2707:
2706:
2705:
2700:
2696:
2693:
2692:
2691:
2688:
2665:Sorcery (goetia)
2650:Solomonic column
2626:Related articles
2505:Solomon's Temple
2500:Solomon's shamir
2495:Solomon in Islam
2407:
2400:
2393:
2384:
2383:
2199:Khallet al-Louza
2190:Jurat ash Sham'a
2063:
2062:
2055:
2010:
2003:
1996:
1987:
1986:
1977:
1950:
1938:
1916:
1906:
1882:
1862:
1844:
1820:
1796:
1785:
1754:Bialik Institute
1746:
1712:
1707:
1701:
1700:
1686:
1677:
1671:
1660:
1654:
1652:
1630:
1624:
1613:Benjamin Maisler
1606:
1600:
1597:
1591:
1587:Fabri, 1893, p.
1585:
1579:
1573:
1564:
1550:
1544:
1543:
1527:
1521:
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1393:
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1347:
1328:
1303:
1302:
1283:Allegro, John M.
1279:
1273:
1272:
1254:
1248:
1202:
1196:
1193:Bialik Institute
1186:
1180:
1166:
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936:
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912:
911:
901:
873:
864:
863:
832:
808:
797:
638:
631:
627:
624:
618:
615:reliably sourced
595:
594:
587:
465:Tyropoeon Valley
319:Valley of Hinnom
262:Upper pool, 2013
225:Khirbet al-Khuaḥ
192:
185:
181:
178:
172:
169:reliably sourced
149:
148:
141:
73:
63:
61:
49:
39:
37:
2793:
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2788:
2787:
2786:
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2782:
2713:
2712:
2703:
2701:
2697:
2694:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2682:
2681:
2679:
2674:
2670:United Monarchy
2660:Solomon's Pools
2645:Seal of Solomon
2633:Boaz and Jachin
2621:
2574:Odes of Solomon
2530:Protocanonical
2519:
2473:
2422:
2416:
2411:
2381:
2376:
2367:Solomon's Pools
2355:
2327:
2266:
2136:
2064:
2057:
2056:
2047:
2019:
2014:
1980:Solomon's Pools
1969:Wayback Machine
1958:
1953:
1935:
1817:
1782:
1721:
1716:
1715:
1708:
1704:
1684:
1678:
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1551:
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1528:
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1510:
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1502:
1498:
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1483:
1478:
1477:
1473:
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1461:
1452:
1451:
1444:
1434:
1432:
1424:
1423:
1416:
1394:
1385:
1363:
1354:
1345:
1343:
1330:
1329:
1306:
1280:
1276:
1256:Victor Guérin,
1255:
1251:
1203:
1199:
1187:
1183:
1167:
1163:
1152:
1148:
1108:
1104:
1088:
1084:
1053:10.2307/3210411
1033:
1029:
1020:
1013:
1004:
997:
954:
943:
934:
932:
922:
915:
874:
867:
833:
822:
817:
812:
811:
798:
794:
789:
749:Hezekiah's Pool
727:
701:
677:
652:Legio Fretensis
639:
628:
622:
619:
608:
600:This article's
596:
592:
585:
560:
548:Temple treasury
533:
513:
500:
457:
441:Herod the Great
433:
420:
407:
367:Qal'at el-Burak
355:
280:Herod the Great
269:
256:
193:
182:
176:
173:
162:
154:This article's
150:
146:
139:
71:Breichot Shlomo
54:, 'the pools';
28:Solomon's Pools
17:
12:
11:
5:
2791:
2781:
2780:
2775:
2770:
2765:
2760:
2758:Roman cisterns
2755:
2750:
2745:
2740:
2735:
2730:
2725:
2676:
2675:
2673:
2672:
2667:
2662:
2657:
2655:Solomon's knot
2652:
2647:
2642:
2635:
2629:
2627:
2623:
2622:
2620:
2619:
2618:
2617:
2610:
2603:
2600:Key of Solomon
2593:
2592:
2591:
2586:
2581:
2576:
2568:
2567:
2566:
2564:Book of Wisdom
2558:
2557:
2556:
2551:
2546:
2541:
2536:
2527:
2525:
2521:
2520:
2518:
2517:
2512:
2507:
2502:
2497:
2492:
2487:
2481:
2479:
2475:
2474:
2472:
2471:
2466:
2464:Queen of Sheba
2461:
2456:
2451:
2450:
2449:
2439:
2438:
2437:
2426:
2424:
2418:
2417:
2410:
2409:
2402:
2395:
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2377:
2375:
2374:
2369:
2363:
2361:
2357:
2356:
2354:
2353:
2348:
2343:
2337:
2335:
2329:
2328:
2326:
2325:
2320:
2315:
2310:
2305:
2300:
2295:
2290:
2285:
2280:
2274:
2272:
2268:
2267:
2265:
2264:
2259:
2256:
2253:
2248:
2246:Wadi al-Arayis
2243:
2238:
2233:
2228:
2223:
2220:
2215:
2210:
2205:
2200:
2197:
2192:
2187:
2182:
2177:
2172:
2167:
2162:
2157:
2152:
2146:
2144:
2138:
2137:
2135:
2134:
2129:
2124:
2119:
2114:
2109:
2095:
2090:
2085:
2080:
2074:
2072:
2070:Municipalities
2066:
2065:
2050:
2048:
2046:
2045:
2040:
2035:
2029:
2027:
2021:
2020:
2013:
2012:
2005:
1998:
1990:
1984:
1983:
1971:
1957:
1956:External links
1954:
1952:
1951:
1939:
1933:
1917:
1908:
1883:
1869:
1863:
1845:
1821:
1816:978-9004205697
1815:
1797:
1786:
1780:
1768:Bromiley, G.W.
1764:
1747:
1722:
1720:
1717:
1714:
1713:
1702:
1672:
1655:
1625:
1601:
1592:
1580:
1578:(1972), p. 120
1565:
1545:
1522:
1496:
1471:
1442:
1414:
1399:, ed. (1988).
1383:
1368:, ed. (1988).
1352:
1336:HYDRIA Project
1304:
1293:. p. 67.
1274:
1263:Guérin, Victor
1249:
1239:as the source
1197:
1181:
1161:
1158:Jerusalem Post
1146:
1102:
1082:
1047:(3): 161–170.
1027:
1011:
995:
968:(2): 103–134.
941:
913:
899:10.1086/473292
865:
846:(1): 101–120.
836:Mahmoud Hawari
819:
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669:Abdul Hamid II
641:
640:
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584:
581:
559:
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540:Pontius Pilate
532:
529:
525:surface runoff
512:
509:
505:Herod's Palace
499:
496:
456:
453:
432:
429:
419:
416:
406:
403:
375:Ottoman sultan
354:
351:
282:or an earlier
268:
265:
255:
252:
195:
194:
153:
151:
144:
138:
135:
127:Herod's Palace
50:, or in short
47:Burak Sulaymān
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2790:
2779:
2776:
2774:
2771:
2769:
2766:
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2763:Second Temple
2761:
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2559:
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2554:Song of Songs
2552:
2550:
2547:
2545:
2542:
2540:
2537:
2535:
2532:
2531:
2529:
2528:
2526:
2524:Reputed works
2522:
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2396:
2394:
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2385:
2373:
2372:‘Ayn Fashkhah
2370:
2368:
2365:
2364:
2362:
2358:
2352:
2349:
2347:
2344:
2342:
2339:
2338:
2336:
2334:
2333:Refugee camps
2330:
2324:
2323:Rachel's Tomb
2321:
2319:
2316:
2314:
2311:
2309:
2306:
2304:
2301:
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2249:
2247:
2244:
2242:
2239:
2237:
2234:
2232:
2229:
2227:
2224:
2222:Marah Ma'alla
2221:
2219:
2216:
2214:
2211:
2209:
2206:
2204:
2201:
2198:
2196:
2193:
2191:
2188:
2186:
2183:
2181:
2180:Jubbet ad-Dib
2178:
2176:
2173:
2171:
2168:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2158:
2156:
2153:
2151:
2148:
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2143:
2139:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2113:
2110:
2107:
2103:
2099:
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2086:
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2054:
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2028:
2026:
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2018:
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1999:
1997:
1992:
1991:
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1959:
1948:
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1884:
1880:
1879:
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1822:
1818:
1812:
1808:
1807:
1802:
1798:
1794:
1793:
1787:
1783:
1781:0-8028-3782-4
1777:
1773:
1769:
1765:
1763:
1759:
1755:
1752:(1950-1988).
1751:
1748:
1744:
1740:
1736:
1732:
1728:
1724:
1723:
1711:
1706:
1698:
1694:
1690:
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1669:
1668:0-8028-3782-4
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1572:
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1561:0-19-923666-6
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1455:
1449:
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1431:
1427:
1421:
1419:
1410:
1406:
1402:
1398:
1397:Schiller, Eli
1392:
1390:
1388:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1367:
1366:Schiller, Eli
1361:
1359:
1357:
1342:on 2017-02-23
1341:
1337:
1333:
1327:
1325:
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1259:
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1246:
1242:
1238:
1234:
1230:
1226:
1222:
1218:
1217:ʻAin el-Burak
1214:
1210:
1206:
1201:
1194:
1190:
1185:
1179:
1176:
1175:
1170:
1165:
1159:
1155:
1150:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1106:
1099:
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1095:
1091:
1086:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1066:
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1058:
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1038:
1031:
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1018:
1016:
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1002:
1000:
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987:
983:
979:
975:
971:
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948:
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778:
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773:
772:
768:
764:
760:
759:Sultan's Pool
757:
755:
752:
750:
747:
745:
744:Birket Israel
742:
741:
739:
737:
734:
733:
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605:
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588:
583:Later history
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553:
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541:
538:
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526:
522:
518:
508:
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493:
489:
485:
481:
476:
474:
473:Second Temple
470:
467:to reach the
466:
462:
452:
450:
449:Second Temple
446:
442:
438:
428:
426:
411:
402:
399:
397:
396:
391:
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379:
376:
372:
368:
359:
350:
348:
344:
339:
337:
333:
332:Wilson's Arch
328:
324:
323:Sultan's Pool
320:
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313:
309:
305:
300:
297:
293:
289:
285:
281:
276:
274:
260:
251:
247:
245:
241:
240:Victor Guérin
237:
234:According to
232:
230:
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222:
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210:
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202:
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180:
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72:
66:
57:
53:
48:
42:
33:
29:
21:
2690:35°10′03.1″E
2687:31°41′22.5″N
2680:
2659:
2637:
2612:
2605:
2598:
2534:Ecclesiastes
2435:Davidic line
2366:
2241:ash-Shawawra
2236:Umm Salamuna
1946:
1924:
1912:
1894:
1890:
1877:
1866:
1853:
1836:
1832:
1805:
1791:
1771:
1756:: Jerusalem
1749:
1734:
1730:
1719:Bibliography
1705:
1688:
1675:
1658:
1640:
1636:
1628:
1616:
1608:
1604:
1595:
1583:
1576:Amihai Mazar
1548:
1539:
1535:
1525:
1516:
1509:. Retrieved
1499:
1491:
1484:. Retrieved
1474:
1462:. Retrieved
1458:the original
1433:. Retrieved
1429:
1400:
1369:
1344:. Retrieved
1340:the original
1335:
1286:
1277:
1267:
1257:
1252:
1244:
1240:
1232:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1216:
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1200:
1188:
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1164:
1149:
1141:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1121:
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1113:
1109:
1105:
1092:
1085:
1044:
1040:
1030:
1022:
1006:
965:
961:
933:. Retrieved
929:
885:
881:
843:
839:
807:, p. 18
795:
754:Mamilla Pool
716:
709:
705:
702:
693:
651:
647:
644:
629:
620:
601:
561:
534:
514:
501:
477:
469:Temple Mount
458:
434:
421:
400:
393:
390:caravanserai
371:Qal'at Murad
370:
366:
364:
340:
316:
308:Temple Mount
301:
277:
270:
248:
243:
233:
228:
224:
212:
201:King Solomon
198:
183:
174:
155:
119:Temple Mount
100:
51:
27:
26:
2702: /
2570:Apocryphal
2478:Occurrences
2258:Wadi Rahhal
2255:Wadi an-Nis
2226:Marah Rabah
2160:Beit Ta'mir
2127:al-Ubeidiya
2083:Beit Fajjar
2038:Beit Sahour
1943:Shomali, Q.
1867:Antiquities
1643:(3): 1–92.
1464:22 December
1435:22 December
1225:ʻAin Farûğe
1174:Antiquities
1094:Antiquities
699:Present day
568:Felix Fabri
431:Upper pools
254:Description
229:ʻAin ʻEiṭam
109:during the
60:בריכות שלמה
2717:Categories
2595:Grimoires
2421:Family and
2251:Wadi Fukin
2213:al-Ma'sara
1873:Guérin, V.
1825:Schick, C.
1801:Büssow, J.
1697:2285087763
1617:Wadi Khukh
1346:2014-12-18
1221:ʻAin Ṣâliḥ
1191:(vol. 6),
1140:54b, s.v.
935:2019-05-15
815:References
801:Mazar 2002
767:Molten sea
418:Background
336:Chain Gate
327:Mount Zion
273:reservoirs
36:برك سليمان
2723:Al-Khader
2549:Psalm 127
2442:Menelik I
2262:al-Walaja
2218:al-Maniya
2165:Dar Salah
2112:al-Khader
2106:al-Asakra
2033:Beit Jala
1887:Mazar, A.
1849:Fabri, F.
1809:. BRILL.
1762:741065210
1737:: 15–35.
1623:(Urtas)."
1409:745100584
1378:745100584
1299:917557044
1291:Doubleday
1223:, and of
1205:D.F. Buhl
1100:. (8:179)
1077:132210394
1061:0006-0895
990:165135217
982:0031-0328
908:0190-3578
860:162056191
689:Jerusalem
611:talk page
461:Hasmonean
437:Hasmonean
384:route to
330:known as
312:Jerusalem
304:Bethlehem
292:aqueducts
284:Hasmonean
213:Ein Eitam
165:talk page
115:Hasmonean
107:Jerusalem
103:aqueducts
84:Bethlehem
80:al-Khader
76:West Bank
65:romanized
41:romanized
2544:Psalm 72
2539:Proverbs
2469:Rehoboam
2351:Dheisheh
2318:Mar Saba
2271:Religion
2142:Villages
2132:Za'atara
2098:Jannatah
2088:al-Dawha
1965:Archived
1923:(2008).
1907:(Hebrew)
1903:23670359
1875:(1869).
1851:(1893).
1827:(1878).
1803:(2011).
1770:(1995).
1693:ProQuest
1653:(Hebrew)
1649:24384308
1285:(1964).
1265:(1869).
1169:Josephus
1142:עין עיטם
1136:31a and
1130:Ein Etam
1122:Ein Etam
930:ynetnews
725:See also
663:and the
661:Ottomans
623:May 2022
604:disputed
577:Saracens
425:Herodium
378:Osman II
310:area of
288:quarries
236:Josephus
221:עין עיטם
209:Josephus
177:May 2022
158:disputed
131:Herodium
52:el-Burak
2768:Solomon
2414:Solomon
2170:Hindaza
2117:Nahalin
1619:, near
1138:Zevahim
1069:3210411
730:History
685:Solomon
665:British
657:Mamluks
564:Qaytbay
537:prefect
517:aquifer
447:of the
405:History
343:British
296:springs
67::
43::
2454:Naamah
2231:Nuaman
2185:Juhdum
2102:Rakhme
2078:Battir
2025:Cities
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1670:p 1025
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1511:14 May
1486:14 May
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1237:Talmud
1178:8.7.3.
1116:(Heb.
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774:Recent
659:, the
480:prutah
217:Hebrew
129:. The
123:Temple
88:Hebron
56:Hebrew
32:Arabic
2430:David
2360:Other
2346:'Azza
2208:Kisan
2175:Jab'a
2155:Artas
2122:Tuqu'
2093:Husan
1899:JSTOR
1843:–176.
1685:(PDF)
1645:JSTOR
1621:Artas
1563:p 483
1241:ʻEṭâm
1233:ʻAṭân
1229:ʻAṭân
1126:Rashi
1098:8.7.3
1073:S2CID
1065:JSTOR
986:S2CID
888:(5):
856:S2CID
787:Notes
573:Moors
544:Arrub
521:qanat
488:Herod
386:Mecca
2341:Aida
1929:ISBN
1811:ISBN
1776:ISBN
1758:OCLC
1664:ISBN
1557:ISBN
1513:2019
1488:2019
1466:2014
1437:2014
1405:OCLC
1374:OCLC
1295:OCLC
1245:Etan
1134:Yoma
1057:ISSN
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