4931:
805:
860:. The hearings started in 1996. The mandate of the commission was to bear witness to, record, and in some cases grant amnesty to the perpetrators of crimes relating to human rights violations, as well as offering reparation and rehabilitation to the victims. A register of reconciliation was also established so that ordinary South Africans who wished to express regret for past failures could also express their remorse.
223:
1443:
white communities. Most believed that justice was a prerequisite for reconciliation rather than an alternative to it, and that the TRC had been weighted in favour of the perpetrators of abuse. As a result of the TRC's shortcomings and the unaddressed injuries of many victims, victims' groups, together with NGOs and lawyers, took various TRC-related matters to South
African and US courts in the early 2000s.
1033:
to some with consideration given to the weight of the crimes committed.) Some said that the proceedings only helped to remind them of the horrors that had taken place in the past when they had been working to forget such things. Thus, the TRC's effectiveness in terms of achieving those very things within its title is still debatable.
1501:
The TRC is unquestionably a monumental process, the consequences of which will take years to unravel. For all its pervasive weight, however, it infiltrates our culture asymmetrically, unevenly across multiple sectors. Its place in small rural communities, for example, when it establishes itself in a
1454:
appeared before the commission and reiterated his apology for the suffering caused by apartheid, many black South
Africans were angered at amnesty being granted for human rights abuses committed by the apartheid government; local reports at the time noted that his failure to accept that the former NP
1446:
Another dilemma facing the TRC was how to do justice to the testimonials of those witnesses for whom translation was necessary. It was believed that, with the great discrepancy between the emotions of the witnesses and those translating them, much of the impact was lost in interlingual rendition. A
1032:
The differences in opinions about the effectiveness can be attributed to how each group viewed the proceedings. Some viewed them as not entirely accurate, as many people would lie in order to keep themselves out of trouble while receiving amnesty for their crimes. (The commission would grant amnesty
968:
The
Commission found that there were 7,000 political deaths under Apartheid between 1948 and 1989. More than 19,050 people had been victims of gross human rights violations. An additional 2,975 victims were identified through the applications for amnesty. In reporting these numbers, the Commission
1586:
and immunity from prosecution or civil procedures for the crimes committed. Therein lies the central irony of the
Commission. As people give more and more evidence of the things they have done they get closer and closer to amnesty and it gets more and more intolerable that these people should be
1442:
A 1998 study by South Africa's Centre for the Study of
Violence and Reconciliation & the Khulumani Support Group, which surveyed several hundred victims of human rights abuse during the Apartheid era, found that most felt that the TRC had failed to achieve reconciliation between the black and
1047:, but the intervention of 23 non-governmental organisations eventually succeeded in gaining media access to the hearings. On 15 April 1996, the South African National Broadcaster televised the first two hours of the first human rights violation committee hearing live. With funding from the
1480:. Biko's family described the TRC as a "vehicle for political expediency", which "robbed" them of their right to justice. The family opposed amnesty for his killers on these grounds and brought a legal action in South Africa's highest court, arguing that the TRC was unconstitutional.
5122:
188:, the commission invited witnesses who were identified as victims of gross human rights violations to give statements about their experiences, and selected some for public hearings. Perpetrators of violence could also give testimony and request
956:, no side was exempt from appearing before the commission. The commission heard reports of human rights violations and considered amnesty applications from all sides, from the apartheid state to the liberation forces, including the
49:
2574:
1490:
defied a subpoena to appear before the commission, calling it a "circus". His defiance resulted in a fine and suspended sentence, but these were overturned on appeal. Playwright Jane Taylor, responsible for the acclaimed
1562:
Though it is a common claim that the TRC was a restorative justice body, it has been argued that the connection between the TRC and restorative justice is not as straightforward and unproblematic as often assumed.
1502:
local church hall, and absorbs substantial numbers of the population, is very different from its situation in large urban centres, where its presence is marginalised by other social and economic activities.
2527:
952:
to those who committed abuses during the apartheid era, as long as the crimes were politically motivated, proportionate, and there was full disclosure by the person seeking amnesty. To avoid
1060:
17:
5160:
2520:
1117:
1029:. According to the researchers, all of the participants perceived the TRC to be effective in bringing out the truth, but to varying degrees, depending on the group in question.
4740:
4967:
5165:
1937:
Vora, Jay A.; Vora, Erika (2004). "The
Effectiveness of South Africa's Truth and Reconciliation Commission: Perceptions of Xhosa, Afrikaner, and English South Africans".
5239:
2881:
2513:
5082:
3511:
1013:
The positive effects (both domestically and internationally) that the
Commission brought about (i.e. in the political and the economic environment of South Africa).
5190:
894:, which tends to translate across cultures as a spiritual awareness of our interconnectedness as a human family; and more specifically in Xhosa, that together, we
972:
A total of 5,392 amnesty applications were refused, granting only 849 out of the 7,111 (which includes the number of additional categories, such as "withdrawn").
5132:
4300:
2471:
Villa-Vicencio, Charles and
Wilhelm Verwoerd. 2005. "Looking Back, Reaching Forward: Reflections on the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of South Africa."
5264:
31:
5197:
4992:
1630:
5002:
3462:
5142:
5077:
4960:
4910:
4844:
1237:
5254:
5127:
4917:
2282:
333:
2714:
290:
4405:
3678:
3469:
2874:
3176:
917:
The
Reparation and Rehabilitation Committee was charged with restoring victims' dignity and formulating proposals to assist with rehabilitation.
5185:
4726:
4705:
4559:
3476:
1003:
method, of which the
Nuremberg trials are an example. In one survey study, the effectiveness of the TRC was measured on a variety of levels:
5087:
5062:
5012:
4321:
3671:
1980:
300:
5244:
5147:
4984:
4953:
4237:
4153:
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929:
Public hearings of the Human Rights Violations Committee and the Amnesty Committee were held at many venues around South Africa, including
285:
5177:
4698:
3557:
3518:
1455:
government's policies had given security forces a "licence to kill" - evidenced to him personally in different ways - drove the chairman
5269:
5112:
4935:
4370:
3726:
3347:
2867:
1447:
briefly tried solution was to have the translators mimic the witnesses' emotions, but this proved disastrous and was quickly scrapped.
1459:
almost to tears. The BBC described such criticisms as stemming from a "basic misunderstanding" about the TRC's mandate, which was to
5274:
5259:
5057:
4761:
4622:
4538:
3828:
235:
992:
measures. South Africa's first coalition government chose to pursue forgiveness over prosecution, and reparation over retaliation.
920:
The Amnesty Committee considered applications from individuals who applied for amnesty in accordance with the provisions of the Act.
4903:
4691:
4419:
3751:
2595:
2256:
1518:
390:
196:
1812:
5027:
4684:
4524:
4482:
4230:
4111:
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3229:
3167:
775:
5172:
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4747:
4258:
3455:
1376:
691:
440:
425:
1470:
Among the highest-profile of these objections were the criticisms levelled by the family of prominent anti-apartheid activist
1467:. Critics of the TRC dispute this, saying that their position is not a misunderstanding but a rejection of the TRC's mandate.
1058:
The rest of the hearings were presented on television each Sunday, from April 1996 to June 1998, in hour-long episodes of the
5102:
4656:
4216:
3310:
1751:
1714:
1397:
969:
voiced its regret that there was very little overlap of victims between those seeking restitution and those seeking amnesty.
5097:
5022:
4872:
4663:
4566:
4188:
2234:
1433:(2002) deals with the TRC (e.g. "The Archbishop Chairs the First Session", "The Transcriber Speaks", "The Sound Engineer").
465:
245:
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4670:
4510:
4174:
3737:
3404:
3374:
2611:
2119:
834:
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5067:
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4195:
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2066:
1899:
808:
375:
4997:
4545:
4412:
4391:
4349:
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1170:
as a disgraced ex-cop seeking forgiveness from the family of the activist he killed under the apartheid regime. With
450:
420:
5052:
4475:
4314:
3483:
3397:
3340:
2500:
2006:
1135:
1110:
1017:
In the study by Orlando Lentini, the opinions of three ethnic groups were measured in this study: English-speaking
765:
395:
5152:
4712:
4468:
4384:
4265:
4251:
4223:
3490:
3434:
2387:
Edelstein, Jillian. 2002. "Truth and Lies: Stories from the Truth and Reconciliation Commission in South Africa."
1484:
755:
380:
275:
48:
3643:
2092:
4454:
4363:
4118:
3877:
2410:
Hendricks, Fred. 2003. "Fault-Lines in South African Democracy: Continuing Crisis of Inequality and Injustice."
934:
445:
1007:
Its usefulness in terms of confirming what had happened during the apartheid regime ("bringing out the truth")
4615:
4594:
4517:
4398:
4356:
4335:
4209:
3772:
3418:
3140:
2758:
2462:
Moon, Claire. 2008. "Narrating Political Reconciliation: South Africa's Truth and Reconciliation Commission."
2394:
598:
475:
460:
435:
3650:
2459:
Mack, Katherine. 2014. "From Apartheid to Democracy: Deliberating Truth and Reconciliation in South Africa."
5117:
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4440:
4132:
3990:
2196:
2157:
1578:
1493:
1360:
1316:
1294:
740:
355:
3657:
2407:
Hayner, Priscilla. 2010. "Unspeakable Truths: Transitional Justice and the Challenge of Truth Commissions"
4816:
4719:
4587:
4496:
4342:
3701:
2699:
1826:
613:
455:
400:
310:
305:
5047:
2465:
Ross, Fiona. 2002. "Bearing Witness: Women and the Truth and Reconciliation Commission in South Africa."
2286:
2067:"Survivors' Perceptions of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission and Suggestions for the Final Report"
4279:
3800:
3708:
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3319:
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315:
643:
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4286:
4244:
3958:
3905:
3793:
3744:
3525:
3183:
2810:
2367:
Boraine, Alex. 2001. "A Country Unmasked: Inside South Africa's Truth and Reconciliation Commission."
1178:
1052:
957:
563:
410:
405:
385:
360:
340:
2402:
Memorializing the Past: Everyday Life in South Africa After the Truth and Reconciliation Commission.
1859:
1051:
government, radio continued to broadcast live throughout. Additional high-profile hearings, such as
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1992:
573:
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3190:
2800:
2390:
2377:
1528:
1456:
1158:
827:
780:
548:
102:
2453:
La mémoire et le pardon. Les commissions de la vérité et de la réconciliation en Amérique latine
1731:
3842:
3807:
3009:
2621:
2569:
2476:
The Politics of Truth and Reconciliation in South Africa: legitimizing the post-apartheid state
1144:
480:
2211:
1798:
1704:
4377:
4307:
4202:
4097:
3951:
3601:
3381:
3294:
3089:
2909:
2719:
2664:
2659:
1679:"Promotion of National Unity and Reconciliation Act, 1995 [No. 34 of 1995] - G 16579"
1101:
745:
735:
430:
350:
295:
5218:
4125:
4011:
3779:
3715:
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3211:
3204:
3156:
2939:
2820:
2709:
2704:
2689:
2024:
1538:
1282:
1204:
1078:, Benedict Motau, Gael Reagon, Rene Schiebe and Bronwyn Nicholson, a production assistant.
1018:
712:
513:
470:
320:
260:
2370:
Cole, Catherine. 2010. "Performing South Africa's Truth Commission: Stages of Transition."
914:
Violations Committee investigated human rights abuses that occurred between 1960 and 1994.
8:
4580:
4552:
4426:
3944:
3937:
3870:
3835:
3786:
3266:
3073:
2748:
2724:
2684:
2654:
2443:
1736:
Ubuntu Strategies: Constructing Spaces of Belonging in Contemporary South African Culture
1678:
1533:
1412:
1339:
1184:
1000:
996:
981:
953:
890:
The TRC's mandate was enriched by Tutu with the spirit of the indigenous African concept
790:
169:
82:
3273:
2425:
1962:
1954:
1847:
1653:
1369:
820:
255:
206:
2505:
498:
4865:
4851:
4181:
3997:
3821:
3411:
3001:
2931:
2633:
2479:
2413:
2152:
1966:
1907:
1747:
1732:"Ubuntu and Common Humanity in the South African Truth and Reconciliation Commission"
1710:
1573:
1393:
1299:
1193:
891:
880:
701:
415:
2859:
1610:. Suffolk University: College of Arts & Sciences, Center for Restorative Justice
4976:
4789:
4146:
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3636:
3326:
3081:
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2830:
2779:
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1946:
1873:
1739:
1657:
1645:
1607:
1543:
1523:
1388:
1232:
1225:
1209:
1197:
999:
method (as employed by the Truth and Reconciliation Commission) as compared to the
985:
653:
603:
533:
2260:
1474:, who was killed by the security police, and whose story was featured in the film
4104:
4018:
3912:
3580:
3504:
3425:
3149:
3033:
3025:
3017:
2993:
2361:
1649:
1257:
989:
770:
760:
270:
2501:"Traces of Truth": Documents relating to the Truth and Reconciliation Commission
1743:
1253:
5213:
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4004:
3687:
3629:
3622:
3615:
3333:
3259:
3105:
3065:
1451:
1287:
1241:
1221:
884:
633:
623:
593:
578:
558:
553:
543:
518:
181:
95:
2127:
5233:
5040:
5035:
4775:
4489:
3594:
3573:
3543:
3536:
3245:
2373:
2331:
1950:
1911:
1426:
1383:
1329:
1324:
1213:
1171:
1167:
1070:
872:
785:
658:
608:
280:
265:
2433:
Bodies of Truth: Law, memory and emancipation in post-apartheid South Africa
2178:
Bodies of Truth: law, memory and emancipation in post-apartheid South Africa
2070:
1631:"Restorative Justice and the South African Truth and Reconciliation Process"
4433:
4042:
3863:
3814:
2977:
2891:
2561:
2553:
1261:
1217:
1140:
1065:
1026:
938:
911:
876:
868:
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648:
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528:
185:
173:
109:
71:
4026:
2969:
2694:
2438:
1773:
1476:
1189:
1163:
1122:
1075:
588:
583:
568:
503:
2447:: Guilt, Sorrow, and the Limits of Forgiveness in the New South Africa."
2046:
2010:
1813:"SAPA - 27 May 97 - HRC SUBMITS APARTHEID REPRESSION BOOK TO TRUTH BODY"
1799:"SAPA - 27 May 97 - HRC SUBMITS APARTHEID REPRESSION BOOK TO TRUTH BODY"
4608:
4139:
3252:
3197:
3057:
3041:
2120:"A Different Kind of Justice: Truth and Reconciliation in South Africa"
1958:
1487:
1471:
1404:
1106:
696:
663:
538:
523:
508:
365:
4060:
4051:
3982:
3388:
3365:
3354:
2626:
2421:
2162:
2096:
2069:. Centre for the Study of Violence and Reconciliation. Archived from
1365:
1309:
1286:(2006), by Paavo Tom Tammi, in collaboration with American director,
1265:
1043:
1022:
1010:
The feelings of reconciliation that could be linked to the Commission
930:
857:
717:
681:
618:
214:
177:
67:
4945:
4837:
4328:
3973:
3097:
2954:
2382:
Truth and Reconciliation in South Africa. The Fundamental Documents
942:
863:
The TRC had a number of high-profile members, including Archbishop
1166:. A South African feature film, starring South African–born actor
1064:. The programme was presented by progressive Afrikaner journalist
199:
was established in 2000 as the successor organisation of the TRC.
141:
124:
Promotion of National Unity and Reconciliation Act, No. 34 of 1995
3238:
2495:
2364:. 2003. "Unfinished Business: South Africa, Apartheid and Truth."
1706:
Carrots and Sticks: The TRC and the South African Amnesty Process
1583:
949:
222:
189:
3965:
3121:
2900:
2283:"Apartheid enforcer sticks to 'farcical' story on Biko killing"
1515:, an apartheid hit squad much discussed in the final TRC report
1463:
about past abuse, using amnesty as a mechanism, rather than to
1048:
906:
The work of the TRC was accomplished through three committees:
707:
1828:
The Truth and Reconciliation Commission of South Africa Report
3113:
1074:. The producers of the programme included Anneliese Burgess,
30:
For other official truth and reconciliation commissions, see
1320:, created in collaboration with the Khulumani support group.
2051:
27:
Restorative justice tribunal in post-apartheid South Africa
1985:
The Nieman Foundation for Journalism at Harvard University
2214:. Cape Town. South African Press Association. 15 May 1997
1127:
1497:, found fault with the commission's lopsided influence:
1290:
and the company of Colonnades Theatre Lab, South Africa.
2535:
2093:"Home | South, Pdf, Litigation, Apartheid, Khulum"
1143:. Won the Grand Jury Prize for best documentary at the
2889:
2468:
Tutu, Desmond. 2000. "No Future Without Forgiveness."
1483:
On the other side of the spectrum, former apartheid
32:
Truth and Reconciliation Commission (disambiguation)
1738:, New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, pp. 39–82,
1192:that dealt with her coverage of the hearings. With
1091:Various films have been made about the commission:
984:was in sharp contrast to the approach taken by the
5240:Truth and Reconciliation Commission (South Africa)
2165:: University of Cape Town Press. pp. viii–xv.
2155:(2007). "Director's Note". In Taylor, Jane (ed.).
1081:
854:Promotion of National Unity and Reconciliation Act
2384:, Cape Town: New Africa Books/David Philip, 2008.
18:South African Truth and Reconciliation Commission
5231:
1696:
1277:Several plays have been produced about the TRC:
3679:Storming of the Kempton Park World Trade Centre
2259:. South African History Online. Archived from
4961:
2875:
2521:
2404:Piscataway, NJ: Transaction Publishers, 2011.
1730:Stuit, Hanneke (2016), Stuit, Hanneke (ed.),
1702:
1182:(2004). A feature film very loosely based on
828:
2147:
2145:
1041:The hearings were initially set to be heard
5265:Defunct organisations based in South Africa
2235:"South Africans reconciled? Special Report"
2200:. Cape Town: University of Cape Town Press.
4968:
4954:
2882:
2868:
2528:
2514:
2175:
995:Opinions differ about the efficacy of the
975:
835:
821:
192:from both civil and criminal prosecution.
47:
2189:
2187:
2151:
2142:
3752:Reconstruction and Development Programme
2596:Institute for Justice and Reconciliation
2397:: A South African Story of Forgiveness."
2212:"Tutu nearly in tears over FW's denials"
2204:
1936:
1900:"South African Commission Ends Its Work"
1897:
1519:Institute for Justice and Reconciliation
1055:'s testimony, were also televised live.
941:(at the Central Methodist Mission), and
197:Institute for Justice and Reconciliation
5255:Organisations associated with apartheid
3348:1946 African Mine Workers' Union strike
2307:
2301:
1932:
1930:
1928:
1582:, put it: "A full confession can bring
847:
776:Music in the movement against apartheid
14:
5232:
3829:2012 Western Cape farm workers' strike
2232:
2193:
2184:
2118:Storey, Peter (10–17 September 1997).
2117:
2111:
948:The commission was empowered to grant
4975:
4949:
2863:
2509:
1729:
1348:San Jose Stagte Company (March 2021 )
2275:
2249:
2059:
1981:"Reporting the Horrors of Apartheid"
1925:
1874:"TRC/Amnesty Hearings and Decisions"
1628:
1208:(2004). A feature film based on the
1094:
5245:1996 establishments in South Africa
3759:Truth and Reconciliation Commission
3405:Coloured-vote constitutional crisis
2537:Truth and Reconciliation Commission
2226:
1638:South African Journal of Philosophy
1109:. Produced in association with the
856:, No. 34 of 1995, and was based in
852:The TRC was set up in terms of the
251:Coloured vote constitutional crisis
162:Truth and Reconciliation Commission
42:Truth and Reconciliation Commission
24:
2285:. Findarticles.com. Archived from
1898:Thompson, Ginger (22 March 2003).
1188:, a 1998 autobiographical text by
25:
5286:
5270:Political history of South Africa
4918:Pan Africanist Congress of Azania
4546:South African Party (Cape Colony)
2489:
2424:: University of Cape Town Press,
1368:: University of Cape Town Press,
1036:
5275:Public inquiries in South Africa
5260:Events associated with apartheid
5198:Yugoslavia (Federal Republic of)
5028:Democratic Republic of the Congo
4930:
4929:
2612:Azanian People's Liberation Army
2233:Barrow, Greg (30 October 1998).
1991:(4). Winter 1998. Archived from
1151:
1111:United States Institute of Peace
804:
803:
766:Internal resistance to apartheid
221:
4560:South African Party (1977–1980)
4553:South African Party (1911–1934)
4469:Progressive Party (Cape Colony)
4266:Genootskap van Regte Afrikaners
2349:
2324:
2169:
2085:
2047:"Long Night's Journey into Day"
2039:
2017:
2007:"Jann Turner: Official Website"
1999:
1973:
1891:
1866:
1819:
1709:. Intersentia nv. p. 219.
1566:
1082:In the arts and popular culture
1061:Truth Commission Special Report
276:Church Street, Pretoria bombing
3878:2019 service delivery protests
3864:#FeesMustFall student protests
3609:1983 constitutional referendum
2478:. Cambridge University Press.
2354:
2332:"TRC Final Report - Version 6"
1805:
1791:
1766:
1723:
1703:Sarkin-Hughes, Jeremy (2004).
1671:
1629:Gade, Christian .B.N. (2013).
1622:
1608:"What is Restorative Justice?"
1600:
1556:
935:University of the Western Cape
13:
1:
4336:Johannesburg Reform Committee
3565:Israel–South Africa Agreement
2958:
2943:
2920:
2913:
2759:A Human Being Died That Night
2395:A Human Being Died That Night
1594:
1437:
1136:Long Night's Journey into Day
945:(at the Rhema Bible Church).
901:
3991:Black Consciousness Movement
3745:Government of National Unity
2435:. Stanford University Press.
2418:Ubu and the Truth Commission
2197:Ubu and the Truth Commission
2180:. Stanford University Press.
2158:Ubu and the Truth Commission
1650:10.1080/02580136.2013.810412
1579:Ubu and the Truth Commission
1494:Ubu and the Truth Commission
1361:Ubu and the Truth Commission
1317:The Story I Am About to Tell
1295:Ubu and the Truth Commission
741:Apartheid in popular culture
7:
3702:Saint James Church massacre
3588:Weapons of mass destruction
2700:Saint James Church massacre
2567:National Research Director:
2420:, by Jane Taylor, viii–xv.
2095:. Khulumani. Archived from
1744:10.1057/978-1-137-58009-2_2
1506:
1298:(1997), by Jane Taylor and
311:Saint James Church massacre
306:Assassination of Chris Hani
10:
5291:
3442:1957 Alexandra bus boycott
3320:South West Africa campaign
3219:Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1814
3184:French Huguenot settlement
2680:Heidelberg Tavern massacre
2675:Durban beach-front bombing
2591:Amy Biehl Foundation Trust
1352:
1272:
963:
924:
316:1994 Bophuthatswana crisis
29:
5206:
5182:United States of America
5157:Timor-Leste (East Timor)
4983:
4927:
4904:African National Congress
4893:
4799:
4632:
4357:Liberal Party (1953–1968)
4080:
4071:
3929:
3725:
3695:1992 apartheid referendum
3364:
3309:
3228:
3166:
3139:
3132:
2898:
2792:
2771:
2740:
2733:
2647:
2604:
2583:
2543:
2474:Wilson, Richard A. 2001.
2176:Kesselring, Rita (2017).
1419:
958:African National Congress
564:Winnie Madikizela-Mandela
176:in 1996 after the end of
136:
128:
120:
88:
77:
63:
55:
46:
41:
4350:Labour Party (1969–1994)
4343:Labour Party (1910–1958)
3899:2020 Phala Phala Robbery
3857:#RhodesMustFall protests
3456:1960 republic referendum
2617:Civil Cooperation Bureau
2431:Kesselring, Rita. 2017.
2416:. "Director's Note". In
2391:Gobodo-Madikizela, Pumla
2310:"PW Botha - A Biography"
1951:10.1177/0021934703258988
1939:Journal of Black Studies
1549:
1513:Civil Cooperation Bureau
1336:Truth and reconciliation
1212:by South African writer
751:Cape Qualified Franchise
4802:terrorist organisations
4602:National Party of Venda
3885:2019 Johannesburg riots
3498:Constructive engagement
3463:International isolation
3281:Witwatersrand Gold Rush
2715:Bombing of Khotso House
2400:Grunebaum, Heidi Peta.
2378:Philippe-Joseph Salazar
2308:Boddy-Evans, Alistair.
1529:Reconciliation theology
1457:Archbishop Desmond Tutu
1450:While former president
1210:novel of the same title
1086:
1068:, former editor of the
976:Significance and impact
781:Nostalgia for apartheid
103:Archbishop Desmond Tutu
3808:Attack on Kennedy Road
3419:Congress of the People
3010:South African Republic
2622:State Security Council
2570:Charles Villa-Vicencio
2451:Martin, Arnaud. 2009.
1504:
1145:Sundance Film Festival
980:The TRC's emphasis on
756:Disinvestment campaign
481:State Security Council
4378:Natal Indian Congress
4098:Afrikaner Broederbond
3952:Afrikaner nationalism
3738:1994 general election
3709:Bophuthatswana crisis
3602:Church Street bombing
3382:Apartheid legislation
3375:1948 general election
3295:South Africa Act 1909
3090:Union of South Africa
2910:Kingdom of Mapungubwe
2890:Political history of
2720:Trojan Horse Incident
2665:Church Street bombing
2660:Battle of Ventersdorp
2455:. Paris: L'Harmattan.
2362:Dumisa Buhle Ntsebeza
2194:Taylor, Jane (2007).
2124:The Christian Century
1499:
1306:Nothing but the Truth
1102:Confronting the Truth
746:Apartheid legislation
736:Afrikaner nationalism
296:Cape Town peace march
286:Trojan Horse Incident
246:1948 general election
5219:Transitional justice
4012:Greater South Africa
3850:2014 platinum strike
3716:Shell House massacre
3644:Transkei coup d'Ă©tat
3449:Sharpeville massacre
3212:Battle of Blaauwberg
3205:Battle of Muizenberg
3157:Battle of Salt River
2940:Mthethwa Paramountcy
2710:Shell House massacre
2705:Sharpeville massacre
2263:on 24 September 2006
2257:"Stephen Bantu Biko"
2073:on 25 September 2006
2027:. PBS. 30 March 1999
1995:on 8 September 2006.
1539:Transitional justice
1378:Playing in the Light
1283:Truth in Translation
1019:White South Africans
898:one another human.
848:Creation and mandate
644:Eugène Terre'Blanche
514:Mangosuthu Buthelezi
321:Shell House massacre
291:Khotso House bombing
261:Sharpeville massacre
4911:Democratic Alliance
4081:Civic and political
3945:Afrikaner Calvinism
3938:African nationalism
3787:African Renaissance
3477:UNSC Resolution 591
3398:Internal resistance
3299:National Convention
3267:Transvaal Civil War
3191:Khoikhoi–Dutch Wars
3074:Orange River Colony
2749:Country of My Skull
2725:Queenstown Massacre
2685:The Gugulethu Seven
2655:Amanzimtoti bombing
2444:Country of My Skull
2289:on 10 November 2007
1834:. Vol. 7. 2002
1534:Restorative justice
1413:Country of My Skull
1375:Wicomb, Zoe. 2006.
1340:debbie tucker green
1185:Country of My Skull
1001:retributive justice
997:restorative justice
871:(deputy chairman),
791:Sullivan Principles
170:restorative justice
168:) was a court-like
83:restorative justice
3651:Ciskei coup d'Ă©tat
3470:UN Resolution 1761
3435:Women's March 1956
3288:South African Wars
3274:Mineral Revolution
2414:Kentridge, William
2153:Kentridge, William
2025:"Facing the Truth"
1904:The New York Times
1465:punish past crimes
1431:Terrestrial Things
1402:Flanery, Patrick.
1346:Strange Courtesies
1252:(2018). A film by
1236:(2004). A film by
376:Conservative Party
256:1956 Treason Trial
172:body assembled in
78:Composition method
5227:
5226:
4977:Truth commissions
4943:
4942:
4896:political parties
4889:
4888:
4866:Orde van die Dood
4476:Progressive Party
4182:Congress Alliance
3998:Cape Independence
3930:Political culture
3925:
3924:
3892:COVID-19 pandemic
3822:Marikana massacre
3658:Venda coup d'Ă©tat
3412:Defiance Campaign
3002:Orange Free State
2932:Dutch Cape Colony
2857:
2856:
2853:
2852:
2846:
2836:
2826:
2816:
2806:
2785:
2764:
2754:
2741:Non-fiction books
2634:Umkhonto we Sizwe
1753:978-1-137-58009-2
1716:978-90-5095-400-6
1574:William Kentridge
1461:uncover the truth
1398:978-0-393-32399-3
1300:William Kentridge
1268:as Piet Blomfeld.
1194:Samuel L. Jackson
1095:Documentary films
845:
844:
702:South-West Africa
158:
157:
121:Judge term length
113:(deputy chairman)
16:(Redirected from
5282:
5207:Related concepts
4970:
4963:
4956:
4947:
4946:
4933:
4932:
4920:
4913:
4906:
4882:
4875:
4868:
4861:
4854:
4847:
4840:
4833:
4826:
4819:
4812:
4800:Paramilitary and
4792:
4790:Umkosi Wezintaba
4785:
4778:
4771:
4764:
4757:
4750:
4743:
4736:
4729:
4722:
4715:
4708:
4701:
4694:
4687:
4680:
4673:
4666:
4659:
4652:
4645:
4635:social movements
4633:Trade unions and
4625:
4618:
4611:
4604:
4597:
4590:
4583:
4576:
4569:
4562:
4555:
4548:
4541:
4534:
4527:
4520:
4513:
4506:
4499:
4492:
4485:
4478:
4471:
4464:
4457:
4450:
4443:
4436:
4429:
4422:
4415:
4408:
4401:
4394:
4387:
4380:
4373:
4366:
4359:
4352:
4345:
4338:
4331:
4324:
4317:
4310:
4303:
4296:
4289:
4282:
4275:
4268:
4261:
4254:
4247:
4240:
4233:
4226:
4219:
4212:
4205:
4198:
4191:
4184:
4177:
4170:
4163:
4156:
4149:
4147:Boerestaat Party
4142:
4135:
4128:
4121:
4114:
4107:
4100:
4093:
4078:
4077:
4064:
4055:
4046:
4037:
4030:
4021:
4014:
4007:
4000:
3993:
3986:
3977:
3968:
3961:
3954:
3947:
3940:
3918:
3908:
3901:
3894:
3887:
3880:
3873:
3866:
3859:
3852:
3845:
3838:
3831:
3824:
3817:
3810:
3803:
3796:
3789:
3782:
3775:
3768:
3761:
3754:
3747:
3740:
3718:
3711:
3704:
3697:
3690:
3681:
3674:
3667:
3660:
3653:
3646:
3639:
3637:Dakar Conference
3632:
3625:
3618:
3611:
3604:
3597:
3590:
3583:
3576:
3567:
3560:
3558:Israeli alliance
3553:
3546:
3539:
3528:
3521:
3514:
3512:Sporting boycott
3507:
3500:
3493:
3486:
3484:Academic boycott
3479:
3472:
3465:
3458:
3451:
3444:
3437:
3428:
3421:
3414:
3407:
3400:
3391:
3384:
3377:
3357:
3350:
3343:
3341:Great Depression
3336:
3329:
3327:Maritz rebellion
3322:
3302:
3290:
3283:
3276:
3269:
3262:
3255:
3248:
3241:
3221:
3214:
3207:
3200:
3193:
3186:
3179:
3177:Dutch settlement
3159:
3152:
3150:Bantu migrations
3137:
3136:
3125:
3117:
3109:
3101:
3093:
3085:
3082:Transvaal Colony
3077:
3069:
3061:
3053:
3050:Nieuwe Republiek
3045:
3037:
3029:
3021:
3013:
3005:
2997:
2989:
2986:Natalia Republic
2981:
2973:
2965:
2963:
2960:
2955:Ndwandwe Kingdom
2950:
2948:
2945:
2935:
2927:
2925:
2922:
2918:
2915:
2884:
2877:
2870:
2861:
2860:
2844:
2834:
2831:Zulu Love Letter
2824:
2814:
2804:
2783:
2762:
2752:
2738:
2737:
2670:The Cradock Four
2559:Deputy chairman:
2530:
2523:
2516:
2507:
2506:
2496:Official website
2344:
2343:
2341:
2339:
2328:
2322:
2321:
2319:
2317:
2305:
2299:
2298:
2296:
2294:
2279:
2273:
2272:
2270:
2268:
2253:
2247:
2246:
2244:
2242:
2230:
2224:
2223:
2221:
2219:
2208:
2202:
2201:
2191:
2182:
2181:
2173:
2167:
2166:
2149:
2140:
2139:
2137:
2135:
2126:. Archived from
2115:
2109:
2108:
2106:
2104:
2089:
2083:
2082:
2080:
2078:
2063:
2057:
2056:
2043:
2037:
2036:
2034:
2032:
2021:
2015:
2014:
2013:on 26 July 2007.
2009:. Archived from
2003:
1997:
1996:
1977:
1971:
1970:
1934:
1923:
1922:
1920:
1918:
1895:
1889:
1888:
1886:
1884:
1870:
1864:
1863:
1857:
1853:
1851:
1843:
1841:
1839:
1833:
1823:
1817:
1816:
1809:
1803:
1802:
1795:
1789:
1788:
1786:
1784:
1774:"TRC/Committees"
1770:
1764:
1763:
1762:
1760:
1727:
1721:
1720:
1700:
1694:
1693:
1691:
1689:
1675:
1669:
1668:
1666:
1664:
1635:
1626:
1620:
1619:
1617:
1615:
1604:
1588:
1587:given amnesty."
1570:
1564:
1560:
1544:Truth commission
1524:Peace commission
1233:Zulu Love Letter
1226:Chiwetel Ejiofor
1198:Juliette Binoche
1118:Facing the Truth
986:Nuremberg trials
954:victor's justice
837:
830:
823:
807:
806:
604:Albertina Sisulu
599:Benjamin Moloise
534:Arthur Goldreich
225:
202:
201:
180:. Authorised by
154:
151:
149:
147:
145:
143:
129:Type of tribunal
51:
39:
38:
21:
5290:
5289:
5285:
5284:
5283:
5281:
5280:
5279:
5230:
5229:
5228:
5223:
5202:
5133:Solomon Islands
4979:
4974:
4944:
4939:
4923:
4916:
4909:
4902:
4895:
4885:
4878:
4871:
4864:
4857:
4850:
4843:
4836:
4829:
4822:
4815:
4808:
4801:
4795:
4788:
4781:
4774:
4767:
4760:
4753:
4746:
4739:
4732:
4725:
4718:
4711:
4704:
4697:
4690:
4683:
4676:
4669:
4662:
4655:
4648:
4641:
4634:
4628:
4621:
4614:
4607:
4600:
4593:
4586:
4579:
4572:
4565:
4558:
4551:
4544:
4537:
4530:
4523:
4516:
4509:
4502:
4495:
4488:
4481:
4474:
4467:
4460:
4453:
4446:
4439:
4432:
4425:
4418:
4411:
4404:
4397:
4390:
4383:
4376:
4369:
4362:
4355:
4348:
4341:
4334:
4327:
4320:
4313:
4306:
4299:
4294:HNP (Herstigte)
4292:
4287:HNP (Herenigde)
4285:
4278:
4271:
4264:
4257:
4250:
4243:
4236:
4229:
4222:
4215:
4208:
4201:
4194:
4187:
4180:
4173:
4166:
4159:
4152:
4145:
4138:
4131:
4124:
4117:
4110:
4105:Afrikaner Party
4103:
4096:
4089:
4082:
4073:
4067:
4058:
4049:
4040:
4033:
4024:
4019:Honorary whites
4017:
4010:
4003:
3996:
3989:
3980:
3971:
3964:
3957:
3950:
3943:
3936:
3921:
3911:
3904:
3897:
3890:
3883:
3876:
3869:
3862:
3855:
3848:
3841:
3834:
3827:
3820:
3813:
3806:
3799:
3792:
3785:
3780:Soweto bombings
3778:
3771:
3764:
3757:
3750:
3743:
3736:
3728:
3721:
3714:
3707:
3700:
3693:
3686:
3677:
3670:
3663:
3656:
3649:
3642:
3635:
3628:
3621:
3614:
3607:
3600:
3593:
3586:
3581:Soweto Uprising
3579:
3572:
3563:
3556:
3549:
3542:
3535:
3524:
3517:
3510:
3505:Tar Baby Option
3503:
3496:
3489:
3482:
3475:
3468:
3461:
3454:
3447:
3440:
3433:
3426:Freedom Charter
3424:
3417:
3410:
3403:
3396:
3387:
3380:
3373:
3360:
3353:
3346:
3339:
3332:
3325:
3318:
3305:
3293:
3286:
3279:
3272:
3265:
3258:
3251:
3244:
3237:
3224:
3217:
3210:
3203:
3196:
3189:
3182:
3175:
3162:
3155:
3148:
3128:
3120:
3112:
3104:
3096:
3088:
3080:
3072:
3064:
3056:
3048:
3040:
3032:
3026:Griqualand West
3024:
3018:Griqualand East
3016:
3008:
3000:
2992:
2984:
2976:
2968:
2961:
2953:
2946:
2938:
2930:
2923:
2916:
2908:
2894:
2888:
2858:
2849:
2788:
2767:
2729:
2643:
2600:
2579:
2539:
2534:
2492:
2357:
2352:
2347:
2337:
2335:
2330:
2329:
2325:
2315:
2313:
2306:
2302:
2292:
2290:
2281:
2280:
2276:
2266:
2264:
2255:
2254:
2250:
2240:
2238:
2231:
2227:
2217:
2215:
2210:
2209:
2205:
2192:
2185:
2174:
2170:
2150:
2143:
2133:
2131:
2130:on 17 June 2006
2116:
2112:
2102:
2100:
2091:
2090:
2086:
2076:
2074:
2065:
2064:
2060:
2045:
2044:
2040:
2030:
2028:
2023:
2022:
2018:
2005:
2004:
2000:
1979:
1978:
1974:
1935:
1926:
1916:
1914:
1896:
1892:
1882:
1880:
1872:
1871:
1867:
1855:
1854:
1845:
1844:
1837:
1835:
1831:
1825:
1824:
1820:
1811:
1810:
1806:
1797:
1796:
1792:
1782:
1780:
1772:
1771:
1767:
1758:
1756:
1754:
1728:
1724:
1717:
1701:
1697:
1687:
1685:
1677:
1676:
1672:
1662:
1660:
1633:
1627:
1623:
1613:
1611:
1606:
1605:
1601:
1597:
1592:
1591:
1571:
1567:
1561:
1557:
1552:
1509:
1485:State President
1440:
1422:
1355:
1275:
1258:Forest Whitaker
1238:Ramadan Suleman
1154:
1097:
1089:
1084:
1039:
990:de-Nazification
978:
966:
927:
904:
850:
841:
796:
795:
771:Kairos Document
761:Freedom Charter
731:
723:
722:
706:
677:
669:
668:
499:Vernon Berrangé
494:
486:
485:
446:Security Branch
336:
326:
325:
271:Soweto uprising
241:
240:
184:and chaired by
140:
116:
112:
105:
98:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5288:
5278:
5277:
5272:
5267:
5262:
5257:
5252:
5250:Reconciliation
5247:
5242:
5225:
5224:
5222:
5221:
5216:
5214:Right to truth
5210:
5208:
5204:
5203:
5201:
5200:
5195:
5194:
5193:
5191:Maine Wabanaki
5188:
5180:
5175:
5170:
5169:
5168:
5163:
5155:
5150:
5145:
5140:
5135:
5130:
5125:
5120:
5115:
5110:
5105:
5100:
5095:
5090:
5085:
5080:
5075:
5070:
5065:
5060:
5055:
5050:
5045:
5044:
5043:
5038:
5030:
5025:
5020:
5015:
5010:
5005:
5000:
4995:
4989:
4987:
4981:
4980:
4973:
4972:
4965:
4958:
4950:
4941:
4940:
4928:
4925:
4924:
4922:
4921:
4914:
4907:
4899:
4897:
4891:
4890:
4887:
4886:
4884:
4883:
4876:
4869:
4862:
4859:Ossewabrandwag
4855:
4848:
4841:
4834:
4827:
4820:
4813:
4805:
4803:
4797:
4796:
4794:
4793:
4786:
4779:
4772:
4765:
4758:
4751:
4744:
4737:
4730:
4723:
4716:
4709:
4702:
4695:
4688:
4681:
4674:
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4595:Unionist Party
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4584:
4577:
4574:Torch Commando
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4563:
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4549:
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4535:
4528:
4521:
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4448:Orde Boerevolk
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4227:
4224:DP (1989–2000)
4220:
4217:DP (1973–1977)
4213:
4210:Dominion Party
4206:
4199:
4192:
4185:
4178:
4171:
4164:
4157:
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4094:
4091:Afrikaner Bond
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4084:
4075:
4069:
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4047:
4038:
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4022:
4015:
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4005:Day of the Vow
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3776:
3773:Floor crossing
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3688:Bisho massacre
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3682:
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3647:
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3630:Operation Vula
3626:
3623:Rubicon speech
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3616:Langa massacre
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3334:Rand Rebellion
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3323:
3315:
3313:
3307:
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3284:
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3260:Boer Republics
3256:
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3106:Bophuthatswana
3102:
3094:
3086:
3078:
3070:
3066:Klein Vrystaat
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2490:External links
2488:
2487:
2486:
2484:978-0521001946
2472:
2469:
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2463:
2460:
2457:
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2436:
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2374:Doxtader, Erik
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2141:
2110:
2099:on 21 May 2008
2084:
2058:
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2016:
1998:
1972:
1945:(3): 301–322.
1924:
1890:
1878:Justice.gov.za
1865:
1856:|website=
1818:
1804:
1790:
1778:justice.gov.za
1765:
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1722:
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1695:
1683:www.saflii.org
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1576:, director of
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1452:F. W. de Klerk
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1434:
1421:
1418:
1417:
1416:
1409:
1400:
1384:Slovo, Gillian
1381:
1373:
1358:Taylor, Jane.
1354:
1351:
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1349:
1343:
1333:
1321:
1313:
1303:
1291:
1288:Michael Lessac
1274:
1271:
1270:
1269:
1245:
1242:Pamela Nomvete
1229:
1222:Jamie Bartlett
1201:
1175:
1174:and Zane Meas.
1153:
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1148:
1132:
1114:
1096:
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1088:
1085:
1083:
1080:
1053:Winnie Mandela
1038:
1037:Media coverage
1035:
1015:
1014:
1011:
1008:
982:reconciliation
977:
974:
965:
962:
926:
923:
922:
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915:
903:
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885:Emma Mashinini
881:Klaas de Jonge
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730:Related topics
729:
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689:
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654:H. F. Verwoerd
651:
646:
641:
636:
634:Adelaide Tambo
631:
626:
624:Robert Sobukwe
621:
616:
614:J. G. Strijdom
611:
606:
601:
596:
594:Raymond Mhlaba
591:
586:
581:
579:Nelson Mandela
576:
571:
566:
561:
559:Albert Luthuli
556:
554:Ahmed Kathrada
551:
546:
544:Bantu Holomisa
541:
536:
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526:
521:
519:F. W. de Klerk
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436:National Party
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4776:Die Spoorbund
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4616:Workers Party
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4490:Radio Freedom
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4459:
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4441:Oranjewerkers
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4083:organisations
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4074:organisations
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3871:Tshwane riots
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3595:Project Coast
3592:
3589:
3585:
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3578:
3575:
3574:Mafeje affair
3571:
3566:
3562:
3561:
3559:
3555:
3552:
3548:
3545:
3544:Durban Moment
3541:
3538:
3537:Rivonia Trial
3534:
3527:
3523:
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3516:
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3495:
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3491:Disinvestment
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3257:
3254:
3250:
3247:
3246:1820 Settlers
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2811:In My Country
2808:
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2584:Organisations
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2350:Bibliography
2338:19 September
2336:. Retrieved
2334:. Doj.gov.za
2326:
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2303:
2291:. Retrieved
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2277:
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2261:the original
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2071:the original
2061:
2050:
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2031:19 September
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2019:
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1938:
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1254:Roland Joffé
1249:The Forgiven
1247:
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1203:
1183:
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912:Human Rights
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895:
889:
877:Wynand Malan
869:Alex Boraine
867:(chairman),
865:Desmond Tutu
862:
853:
851:
687:District Six
649:Desmond Tutu
639:Oliver Tambo
629:Helen Suzman
529:Bram Fischer
194:
186:Desmond Tutu
174:South Africa
165:
161:
159:
110:Alex Boraine
72:South Africa
36:
5143:South Korea
5118:Philippines
5053:El Salvador
4027:Rooi gevaar
3906:2021 unrest
3836:Nkandlagate
3665:Third Force
3526:Rugby union
3124:(1981–1994)
3116:(1979–1994)
3108:(1977–1994)
3100:(1976–1994)
3092:(1910–1961)
3084:(1902–1910)
3076:(1902–1910)
3068:(1886–1891)
3060:(1885–1887)
3052:(1884–1888)
3044:(1882–1885)
3036:(1882–1883)
3028:(1870–1873)
3020:(1861–1879)
3012:(1856–1902)
3004:(1854–1902)
2996:(1843–1910)
2988:(1839–1843)
2980:(1816–1897)
2972:(1795–1910)
2970:Cape Colony
2962: 1780
2947: 1780
2934:(1652–1806)
2924: 1220
2917: 1075
2801:Forgiveness
2695:Pebco Three
2639:Third Force
2355:Non-fiction
2316:26 December
2312:. About.com
2267:26 December
2241:26 December
2218:28 November
2134:26 December
2077:26 December
1477:Cry Freedom
1308:(2002), by
1256:, starring
1240:, starring
1190:Antjie Krog
1164:Ian Gabriel
1159:Forgiveness
1125:. Two-part
1123:Bill Moyers
1076:Jann Turner
589:Thabo Mbeki
584:Govan Mbeki
574:D. F. Malan
569:Mac Maharaj
504:P. W. Botha
431:Broederbond
81:Court-like
56:Established
5234:Categories
5186:Greensboro
4998:Bangladesh
4845:Greyshirts
4609:Volksparty
4140:Black Sash
3801:Xenophobia
3794:Travelgate
3551:Border War
3355:Bantustans
3253:Great Trek
3198:Xhosa Wars
3058:Upingtonia
3042:Stellaland
2293:24 October
1917:7 November
1883:3 February
1838:3 February
1663:3 February
1614:3 February
1595:References
1488:P.W. Botha
1472:Steve Biko
1438:Criticisms
1405:Absolution
1162:(2004) by
1139:(2000) by
1121:(1999) by
1107:Steve York
1105:(2006) by
1025:, and the
1023:Afrikaners
988:and other
902:Committees
697:Sophiatown
664:Jacob Zuma
549:Joel Joffe
539:Chris Hani
524:Ruth First
509:Steve Biko
366:Black Sash
106:(chairman)
5166:2005–2008
5161:2001–2005
5148:Sri Lanka
5093:Mauritius
5073:Guatemala
5041:2003–2011
5036:1990–1991
4993:Argentina
4061:Volkstaat
4052:Uitlander
3983:Boerehaat
3959:Anarchism
3766:Arms Deal
3729:apartheid
3389:Pass laws
3366:Apartheid
3311:1910–1948
3230:1815–1910
3168:1652–1815
2627:Vlakplaas
2575:testimony
2551:Chairman:
2441:. 2000. "
2422:Cape Town
2393:. 2006. "
2163:Cape Town
1967:144571969
1912:0362-4331
1858:ignored (
1848:cite book
1759:24 August
1392:. Virago
1366:Cape Town
1310:John Kani
1266:Eric Bana
1049:Norwegian
1044:in camera
931:Cape Town
858:Cape Town
718:Vlakplaas
682:Bantustan
619:Joe Slovo
215:Apartheid
178:apartheid
99:(founder)
68:Cape Town
5023:Colombia
4936:Category
4838:Boeremag
4329:Jeugkrag
4280:Het Volk
3974:Baasskap
3916:incident
3519:Olympics
3098:Transkei
2901:polities
2899:Defunct
2821:Red Dust
2780:Red Dust
2648:Massacre
1507:See also
1425:Some of
1389:Red Dust
1205:Red Dust
943:Randburg
933:(at the
809:Category
713:Sun City
207:a series
205:Part of
144:.justice
64:Location
5178:Ukraine
5173:Tunisia
5098:Morocco
5088:Liberia
5063:Germany
5048:Ecuador
5003:Bolivia
4985:Country
4741:SAAPAWU
4072:Defunct
4035:Slavery
3239:Mfecane
1959:3180939
1783:29 July
1688:26 July
1658:2424224
1584:amnesty
1415:, 1998.
1353:Fiction
1273:Theatre
1216:. With
1131:series.
964:Numbers
950:amnesty
925:Process
190:amnesty
137:Website
5153:Taiwan
5123:Rwanda
5108:Panama
5032:Chile
5013:Canada
5008:Brazil
4692:FOSATU
4539:SAYRCO
4511:SADECO
4427:Occupy
3966:Azania
3914:Lady R
3843:Racism
3672:CODESA
3133:Events
3122:Ciskei
3034:Goshen
2964:–1819)
2949:–1817)
2845:(2017)
2835:(2004)
2825:(2004)
2815:(2004)
2805:(2004)
2784:(2000)
2772:Novels
2763:(2003)
2753:(1998)
2544:People
2482:
1965:
1957:
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1750:
1713:
1656:
1420:Poetry
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1342:(2011)
1021:, the
892:Ubuntu
708:Soweto
676:Places
493:People
441:COSATU
391:FOSATU
301:CODESA
236:Events
5103:Nepal
5083:Kenya
5078:Haiti
5068:Ghana
4873:PAGAD
4769:SATUC
4762:SARHU
4748:SACTU
4727:NURHS
4685:FNETU
4671:CTSWU
4664:CNETU
4657:BLATU
4532:SAYCO
4420:NUSAS
4301:IDASA
4112:AITUP
3727:Post-
3114:Venda
2793:Films
2734:Media
2237:. BBC
1963:S2CID
1955:JSTOR
1832:(PDF)
1654:S2CID
1634:(PDF)
1550:Notes
1328:, by
1027:Xhosa
5113:Peru
5058:Fiji
5018:Chad
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4810:APLA
4755:SAIF
4734:PAWE
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2480:ISBN
2426:2007
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2105:2009
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1860:help
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160:The
150:/trc
146:.gov
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148:.za
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