31:
44:
364:. This fish has a mottled pattern made up of brown to dark brown blotches on the upper body fading to pale ventrally. These blotches are less obvious in the larger fish. There is an obvious dark blotch on the dorsal fin between the 4th and 7th spines. There is a dark, oblong spot near the base on the pectoral fin while the other fins often have vermiculations or vague spotting. This species attains a maximum
376:
The South
Australian cobbler is endemic to the temperate southern coasts of Australia. Its distribution extends from the central coast of New South Wales to Perth, Western Australia. It is found in shallow inshore waters, tidal pools and estuaries at depths between 0.25 and 35 m (9.8 in and
418:
The South
Australian cobbler is well defended with venomous spines on the head and in the fins. People who have been envenomated by this fish rarely die, symptoms of envenomation include severe pain around the envenomated area of the body, swelling, nausea, perspiration, paralysis of the limbs and
360:. It eye does not bulge above the dorsal profile of the head, the intraorbital space is slightly concave and there are several obvious spines on the head. The lacrimal bone is mobile and has a sizeable, curved, erectile spine to its posterior and a smaller anterior spine. The only scales are on the
397:
aggregations. It is a slow-growing species and large individuals are much older in comparison to other species at the same size. They can live for more than 14 years. The adults have venom-bearing spines on the infraorbital bone, preopercular bone and in the dorsal, anal and pectoral fins.
393:. It stays motionless during the day. These fishes attain sexual maturity at 2 to 4 years old. The adults leave the seagrass beds in the late winter and early spring, congregating in deeper water in very large aggregations, thought to be
355:
which has 12 or 13 spines, each separated by an incision in the membrane between them, and between 7 and 10 soft rays, the spiny and soft-rayed parts are separated by an incision, with 3 spines and 4 to 6 soft rays in its
581:"Order Perciformes (Part 10): Suborder Scorpaenoidei: Families Apistidae, Tetrarogidae, Synanceiidae, Aploacrinidae, Perryenidae, Eschmeyeridae, Pataceidae, Gnathanacanthidae, Congiopodidae and Zanclorhynchidae"
523:
484:
868:
894:
984:
715:
453:
842:
881:
728:
994:
920:
660:
563:
886:
724:
312:, as its only species. This taxon is included in the subfamily Tetraroginae within the Scorpaenidae in the 5th edition of
946:
899:
989:
322:, while other authorities classify this subfamily as a family in its own right. The genus name is a compound of
533:
498:
816:
793:
821:
43:
951:
686:
337:
293:
389:, with the smaller fish feeding mainly on shrimp and small crabs and the larger fish being more
979:
873:
785:
748:
798:
974:
420:
155:
132:
938:
780:
519:
480:
8:
314:
278:
181:
38:
933:
626:
559:
528:
493:
305:
301:
249:
907:
386:
308:. In 1839 the English zoologist William John Swainson placed it in the new genus
260:
238:
95:
30:
771:
289:
172:
85:
968:
449:
365:
361:
336:
and the first part alludes to the mostly scaleless body of this taxon. The
319:
318:
however other authorities place that subfamily within the stonefish family
297:
252:
245:
115:
105:
912:
808:
855:
419:
fainting. In worst cases the venom may interfere with the functioning of
390:
304:", although this is likely to be an error and the actual locality is in
847:
834:
553:
352:
860:
580:
286:
242:
55:
742:
578:
829:
765:
579:
Christopher
Scharpf & Kenneth J. Lazara, eds. (10 March 2022).
462:
394:
357:
256:
75:
343:
means "marbled" as in alcohol this fish has a marbled appearance.
407:
332:
925:
65:
263:
518:
479:
259:
to southern
Australia. It is the only species in the
554:
J. S. Nelson; T. C. Grande; M. V. H. Wilson (2016).
522:; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.).
483:; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.).
966:
585:The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database
330:, this was originally proposed as a subgenus of
277:The South Australian cobbler was first formally
255:, the scorpionfishes and their relatives. It is
658:
410:in both commercial and recreational fisheries.
377:114 ft 10.0 in) in beds of seagrass.
351:The South Australian cobbler has a long based
385:The South Australian cobbler is a nocturnal
587:. Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara
371:
624:
444:
442:
440:
438:
436:
29:
558:(5th ed.). Wiley. pp. 468–475.
406:The South Australian cobbler is taken as
729:Integrated Taxonomic Information System
448:
433:
967:
620:
618:
616:
614:
612:
610:
608:
606:
604:
602:
572:
547:
475:
473:
747:
746:
654:
652:
512:
599:
524:"Genera in the family Tetraroginae"
470:
326:which means "bare" or "naked" with
13:
679:
659:Mark McGrouther (12 August 2019).
14:
1006:
985:Marine fish of Southern Australia
709:
649:
42:
368:of 22.5 cm (8.9 in).
248:which is classified within the
241:, a waspfish, belonging to the
534:California Academy of Sciences
499:California Academy of Sciences
401:
346:
1:
426:
995:Taxa named by Georges Cuvier
7:
272:
10:
1011:
380:
755:
187:
180:
161:
154:
39:Scientific classification
37:
28:
24:South Australian cobbler
23:
725:"Gymnapistes marmoratus"
466:. February 2022 version.
452:; Pauly, Daniel (eds.).
413:
372:Distribution and habitat
213:South Australian cobbler
237:is a species of marine
221:), better known as the
990:Fish described in 1829
799:Gymnapistes_marmoratus
786:Gymnapistes_marmoratus
757:Gymnapistes marmoratus
718:Gymnapistes marmoratus
689:Gymnapistes marmoratus
663:Gymnapistes marmoratus
629:Gymnapistes marmoratus
485:"Species in the genus
456:Gymnapistes marmoratus
225:but also known as the
218:Gymnapistes marmoratus
165:Gymnapistes marmoratus
691:Tetrarogidae Cobbler"
520:Eschmeyer, William N.
481:Eschmeyer, William N.
421:cardiovascular system
716:FishBase entry for
667:. Australian Museum
635:Fishes of Australia
556:Fishes of the World
315:Fishes of the World
199:Pentaroge marmorata
693:. Reef Life Survey
637:. Museums Victoria
283:Apistus marmoratus
191:Apistus marmoratus
147:G. marmoratus
962:
961:
934:Open Tree of Life
749:Taxon identifiers
565:978-1-118-34233-6
529:Catalog of Fishes
494:Catalog of Fishes
306:Western Australia
302:Malay Archipelago
209:
208:
203:
195:
136:
1002:
955:
954:
942:
941:
929:
928:
916:
915:
903:
902:
890:
889:
877:
876:
864:
863:
851:
850:
838:
837:
825:
824:
812:
811:
802:
801:
789:
788:
776:
775:
774:
744:
743:
739:
737:
735:
703:
702:
700:
698:
683:
677:
676:
674:
672:
656:
647:
646:
644:
642:
625:Dianne J. Bray.
622:
597:
596:
594:
592:
576:
570:
569:
551:
545:
544:
542:
540:
516:
510:
509:
507:
505:
477:
468:
467:
446:
201:
193:
167:
131:
47:
46:
33:
21:
20:
1010:
1009:
1005:
1004:
1003:
1001:
1000:
999:
965:
964:
963:
958:
950:
945:
937:
932:
924:
919:
911:
908:Observation.org
906:
898:
893:
885:
880:
872:
867:
859:
854:
846:
841:
833:
828:
820:
815:
807:
805:
797:
792:
784:
779:
770:
769:
764:
751:
733:
731:
723:
712:
707:
706:
696:
694:
685:
684:
680:
670:
668:
665:(Cuvier, 1829)"
657:
650:
640:
638:
623:
600:
590:
588:
577:
573:
566:
552:
548:
538:
536:
517:
513:
503:
501:
478:
471:
447:
434:
429:
416:
404:
387:ambush predator
383:
374:
349:
275:
239:ray-finned fish
176:
169:
163:
150:
130:
96:Scorpaeniformes
41:
17:
16:Species of fish
12:
11:
5:
1008:
998:
997:
992:
987:
982:
977:
960:
959:
957:
956:
943:
930:
917:
904:
891:
878:
865:
852:
839:
826:
813:
803:
790:
777:
761:
759:
753:
752:
741:
740:
721:
711:
710:External links
708:
705:
704:
678:
648:
598:
571:
564:
546:
511:
469:
450:Froese, Rainer
431:
430:
428:
425:
415:
412:
403:
400:
382:
379:
373:
370:
348:
345:
290:Georges Cuvier
285:by the French
274:
271:
207:
206:
205:
204:
202:(Cuvier, 1829)
196:
185:
184:
178:
177:
170:
159:
158:
152:
151:
144:
142:
138:
137:
123:
119:
118:
113:
109:
108:
103:
99:
98:
93:
89:
88:
86:Actinopterygii
83:
79:
78:
73:
69:
68:
63:
59:
58:
53:
49:
48:
35:
34:
26:
25:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1007:
996:
993:
991:
988:
986:
983:
981:
980:Venomous fish
978:
976:
973:
972:
970:
953:
948:
944:
940:
935:
931:
927:
922:
918:
914:
909:
905:
901:
896:
892:
888:
883:
879:
875:
870:
866:
862:
857:
853:
849:
844:
840:
836:
831:
827:
823:
818:
814:
810:
804:
800:
795:
791:
787:
782:
778:
773:
767:
763:
762:
760:
758:
754:
750:
745:
730:
726:
722:
720:
719:
714:
713:
692:
690:
682:
666:
664:
655:
653:
636:
632:
630:
621:
619:
617:
615:
613:
611:
609:
607:
605:
603:
586:
582:
575:
567:
561:
557:
550:
535:
531:
530:
525:
521:
515:
500:
496:
495:
490:
488:
482:
476:
474:
465:
464:
459:
457:
451:
445:
443:
441:
439:
437:
432:
424:
422:
411:
409:
399:
396:
392:
388:
378:
369:
367:
363:
359:
354:
344:
342:
339:
338:specific name
335:
334:
329:
325:
321:
317:
316:
311:
307:
303:
299:
295:
294:type locality
291:
288:
284:
280:
270:
268:
265:
262:
258:
254:
251:
247:
244:
240:
236:
232:
228:
224:
220:
219:
214:
200:
197:
192:
189:
188:
186:
183:
179:
174:
168:
166:
160:
157:
156:Binomial name
153:
149:
148:
143:
140:
139:
134:
129:
128:
124:
121:
120:
117:
114:
111:
110:
107:
104:
101:
100:
97:
94:
91:
90:
87:
84:
81:
80:
77:
74:
71:
70:
67:
64:
61:
60:
57:
54:
51:
50:
45:
40:
36:
32:
27:
22:
19:
975:Tetraroginae
756:
732:. Retrieved
717:
695:. Retrieved
688:
681:
669:. Retrieved
662:
639:. Retrieved
634:
628:
589:. Retrieved
584:
574:
555:
549:
537:. Retrieved
527:
514:
502:. Retrieved
492:
486:
461:
455:
417:
405:
384:
375:
366:total length
362:lateral line
350:
340:
331:
327:
323:
320:Synanceiidae
313:
309:
298:Timor Island
282:
276:
266:
253:Scorpaenidae
246:Tetraroginae
235:soldierfish,
234:
230:
226:
222:
217:
216:
212:
210:
198:
194:Cuvier, 1829
190:
164:
162:
146:
145:
126:
125:
116:Tetraroginae
106:Scorpaenidae
18:
856:iNaturalist
487:Gymnapistes
402:Utilisation
391:piscivorous
347:Description
310:Gymnapistes
300:, southern
281:in 1829 as
267:Gymnapistes
127:Gymnapistes
112:Subfamily:
969:Categories
734:25 October
661:"Soldier,
427:References
353:dorsal fin
341:marmoratus
296:given as "
292:with the
287:zoologist
279:described
261:monotypic
243:subfamily
231:devilfish
173:G. Cuvier
141:Species:
62:Kingdom:
56:Eukaryota
874:10157622
830:FishBase
806:BioLib:
772:Q2157138
766:Wikidata
697:22 March
671:22 March
641:23 March
591:21 March
539:21 March
504:21 March
463:FishBase
395:spawning
358:anal fin
273:Taxonomy
182:Synonyms
133:Swainson
102:Family:
76:Chordata
72:Phylum:
66:Animalia
52:Domain:
848:2335252
408:bycatch
381:Biology
333:Apistus
328:Apistes
257:endemic
227:cobbler
223:soldier
175:, 1829)
122:Genus:
92:Order:
82:Class:
952:280952
939:728037
926:280952
913:906202
900:274718
887:166936
809:311829
562:
324:gymnos
250:family
135:, 1839
947:WoRMS
869:IRMNG
861:51540
822:95965
414:Venom
264:genus
921:OBIS
895:NCBI
882:ITIS
843:GBIF
835:7317
817:BOLD
736:2020
699:2022
673:2022
643:2022
593:2022
560:ISBN
541:2022
506:2022
211:The
794:AFD
781:ADW
233:or
971::
949::
936::
923::
910::
897::
884::
871::
858::
845::
832::
819::
796::
783::
768::
727:.
651:^
633:.
601:^
583:.
532:.
526:.
497:.
491:.
472:^
460:.
435:^
423:.
269:.
229:,
738:.
701:.
687:"
675:.
645:.
631:"
627:"
595:.
568:.
543:.
508:.
489:"
458:"
454:"
215:(
171:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
