3197:, a rise in national awareness has caused individuals to modify their speech according to newly established standard-language guidelines. The wars have caused large migrations, changing the ethnic (and dialectal) picture of some areas—especially in Bosnia and Herzegovina, but also in central Croatia and Serbia (Vojvodina in particular). In some areas, it is unclear whether location or ethnicity is the dominant factor in the dialect of the speaker. Because of this the speech patterns of some communities and regions are in a state of flux, and it is difficult to determine which dialects will die out entirely. Further research over the next few decades will be necessary to determine the changes made in the dialectical distribution of this language group.
3390:. Spoken Slovene has numerous dialects, but there is no consensus on how many; estimates range from 7 to 50. The lowest estimate refers to the language's seven commonly recognized dialect groups, without subdividing any of them. Some of the seven groups are more heterogeneous than others, and the higher estimates reflect the varying criteria that have been used to differentiate dialects and subdialects. Slovenian dialects can be so different from each other that a speaker of one dialect may have a very difficult time understanding a speaker of another, particularly if their dialects belong to different groups. Some dialects spoken in southern Slovenia transition into Chakavian or Kajkavian
4051:. Serbian officially uses the Cyrillic script, though commonly Latin and Cyrillic are used equally. Most newspapers are written in Cyrillic and most magazines are in Latin; books written by Serbian authors are written in Cyrillic, whereas books translated from foreign authors are usually in Latin, other than languages that already use Cyrillic, most notably Russian. On television, writing as part of a television programme is usually in Cyrillic, but advertisements are usually in Latin. The division is partly based on religion – Serbia, Montenegro, Bulgaria and Macedonia (which use Cyrillic) are
2414:
2030:; in other words, there was never a proto-South Slavic language or a period in which all South Slavic dialects exhibited an exclusive set of extensive phonological, morphological or lexical changes (isoglosses) peculiar to them. Furthermore, Matasović argues, there was never a period of cultural or political unity in which Proto-South-Slavic could have existed during which Common South Slavic innovations could have occurred. Several South-Slavic-only lexical and morphological patterns which have been proposed have been postulated to represent common Slavic
2604:
2107:
2624:
1068:
2501:
2120:
38:
252:
3299:, and Hungary by descendants of Croats who migrated there during the 16th century. This dialect (or family of dialects) differs from standard Croatian, since it has been heavily influenced by German and Hungarian. It has properties of all three major dialectal groups in Croatia, since the migrants did not all come from the same area, but the linguistic standard is based on the Chakavian dialect.
2053:, they are divided into Western South Slavic (Slovene and Serbo-Croatian dialects) and Eastern South Slavic (Bulgarian and Macedonian dialects); these represent separate migrations into the Balkans and were once separated by intervening Hungarian, Romanian, and Albanian populations; as these populations were assimilated, Eastern and Western South Slavic fused with
3192:
Each of these primary and secondary dialectal units breaks down into subdialects and accentological isoglosses by region. In the past (and currently, in isolated areas), it was not uncommon for individual villages to have their own words and phrases. However, during the 20th century the local
2276:
202:
3774:; thus, the first-person singular (for Bulgarian) or the third-person singular (for Macedonian) are considered the main part of a verb. Sentences which would require an infinitive in other languages are constructed through a clause in Bulgarian,
4658:
This distinction is true for the whole Slavic world: the
Orthodox Russia, Ukraine and Belarus also use Cyrillic, as does Rusyn (Eastern Orthodox/Eastern Catholic), whereas the Catholic Poland, Czech Republic and Slovakia use Latin, as does
3829:
Inheriting a generalization of another demonstrative as a base form for the third-person pronoun which already occurred in late Proto-Slavic, standard literary
Bulgarian (like Old Church Slavonic) does not use the Slavic
3972:
is largely based on the verb "to have" (as in other Balkan languages like Greek and
Albanian, and in English), as opposed to the verb "to be", which is used as the auxiliary in all other Slavic languages (see also
3394:, while the transition from eastern dialects to Kajkavian is general, with cases of essentially the same linguistic variety spoken on both sides of the border (this is particularly true for the upper course of the
2022:
Most of these are not exclusive in character, however, and are shared with some languages of the
Eastern and Western Slavic language groups (in particular, Central Slovakian dialects). On that basis,
2360:
4171:. Kenneth E. Naylor memorial lecture series in South Slavic linguistics; vol. 2. Columbus, Ohio: Ohio State University, Dept. of Slavic and East European Languages and Literatures. p. 4.
4148:. Kenneth E. Naylor memorial lecture series in South Slavic linguistics; vol. 1. Columbus, Ohio: Ohio State University, Dept. of Slavic and East European Languages and Literatures. p. 8.
3193:
dialects have been influenced by Štokavian standards through mass media and public education and much "local speech" has been lost (primarily in areas with larger populations). With the
4092:
3895:
dialects have basically the same grammar, its usage is very diverse. While all three languages are relatively highly inflected, the further east one goes the more likely it is that
572:
4289:
Bunčić, Daniel (2008). "Die (Re-)Nationalisierung der serbokroatischen
Standards" [The (Re-)Nationalisation of Serbo-Croatian Standards]. In Kempgen, Sebastian (ed.).
3167:; it is considered transitional between the Western and Eastern groups of South Slavic languages. Torlakian is thought to fit together with Bulgarian and Macedonian into the
509:
439:
2301:
409:
986:
2074:
4663:. Romania and Moldova, which are not Slavic but are Orthodox, also used Cyrillic until 1860 and 1989, respectively, and it is still used in Transdnistria.
2354:
3211:
The eastern
Herzegovinian dialect is the basis of the Bosnian, Croatian, Montenegrin, and Serbian standard variants of the pluricentric Serbo-Croatian.
1816:
4004:
In
Macedonian there are three types of definite article (base definite form, definite noun near the speaker and definite noun far from the speaker).
1591:
5992:
5048:
2098:: Due to the differing political status of languages/dialects and different historical contexts, the classifications are arbitrary to some degree.
1992:
Proto-Slavic syllabic liquids *r̥ and *l̥ were retained, but *l̥ was subsequently lost in all the daughter languages with different outputs (>
1481:
1369:(isoglosses) which separate it from the Western and Eastern Slavic groups. That view, however, has been challenged in recent decades (see below).
4634:– "that chair there". As well as these, Macedonian also has a separate set of demonstratives: ovoj stol – "this chair"; onoj stol – "that chair".
1372:
Some innovations encompassing all South Slavic languages are shared with the
Eastern Slavic group, but not the Western Slavic. These include:
1039:
The first South Slavic language to be written (also the first attested Slavic language) was the variety of the
Eastern South Slavic spoken in
5000:Тохтасьев, С.Р. (1998), "Древнейшие свидетельства славянского языка на Балканах. Основы балканского языкознания. Языки балканского региона",
4526:
3752:
In broad terms, the
Eastern dialects of South Slavic (Bulgarian and Macedonian) differ most from the Western dialects in the following ways:
2651:
1707:
979:
1936:
have been identified which are thought to represent exclusive common innovations in the South Slavic language group. They are prevalently
3858:– "that" and its derivatives). Western Bulgarian dialects and Macedonian have "ov-/on-" pronouns, and sometimes use them interchangeably.
4743:
5146:
2648:
2565:
102:
2537:
1511:
74:
2518:
2141:
972:
55:
3313:
Kajkavian is mostly spoken in northern and northwest Croatia near the Hungarian and Slovene borders—chiefly around the towns of
5987:
2544:
2073:. Standard Slovene, Bulgarian, and Macedonian are based on distinct dialects. The Bosnian, Croatian, Montenegrin, and Serbian
81:
5067:
4981:
4939:
4918:
4876:
4855:
4823:
4803:
4782:
4707:
4415:
4328:
4210:
4107:
17:
3119:
Torlakian dialects in southeast Serbia are only spoken and unstandardized, as Serbian literary language only recognizes the
4973:
Language Varieties Between Norms and Attitudes: South Slavic Perspectives : Proceedings from the 2013 CALS Conference
2004:+vowel in Slovene, Bulgarian and Macedonian), and *r̥ became in Bulgarian. This development was identical to the loss of
1491:
3410:
The table below compares grammatical and phonological innovations. The similarity of Kajkavian and Slovene is apparent.
2551:
88:
5847:
5865:
5109:
5088:
4960:
4897:
4377:
2584:
2167:
1621:
121:
2289:
2149:
419:
2533:
1601:
711:
498:
428:
70:
4317:
Das Serbokroatische zwischen Linguistik und Politik: mit einer Bibliographie zum postjugoslavischen Sprachenstreit
3175:
caused by long-term contact rather than genetic relation. Because of this some researchers tend to classify it as
3033:
Bulgarian and Macedonian share some of their unusual characteristics with other languages in the Balkans, notably
6077:
5220:
5163:
3093:
2243:
1663:
1560:
1525:
771:
1698:
1518:
5139:
4460:
4097:
4078:
was also used in the Middle Ages (most notably in Bulgaria, Macedonia and Croatia), but gradually disappeared.
2632:
2522:
2145:
2085:
59:
2295:
1677:
1574:
1567:
413:
4618:
In Macedonian, these are especially well-developed, also taking on a role similar to demonstrative pronouns:
3919:
3787:
2313:
1255:
390:
4117:
4112:
2078:
2038:
1826:
1717:
1076:
955:
5982:
5059:
On the significance of the second South Slavic influence for the evolution of the Russian literary language
4254:(2003). "Language in Macedonia as an Identity Construction Site". In Brian, D. Joseph; et al. (eds.).
4087:
1377:
720:
517:
447:
4321:
Serbo-Croatian Between Linguistics and Politics: With a Bibliography of the Post-Yugoslav Language Dispute
3324:
2001:
1997:
1993:
1986:
1980:
1973:
1969:
1965:
1895:
1779:
1553:
522:
452:
5977:
5605:
5172:
5012:
Golubović, J. and Gooskens, C. (2015), "Mutual intelligibility between West and South Slavic languages",
4889:
Lexical norm and national language: lexicography and language policy in South-Slavic languages after 1989
4256:
When Languages Collide: Perspectives on Language Conflict, Language Competition, and Language Coexistence
1800:
1628:
1582:
706:
1968:
in Serbo-Croatian, or split according to the retained hard/soft quality of the preceding consonant into
6012:
5450:
4202:
1786:
1737:
343:
5769:
5132:
5101:
A descriptive study of clitics in four Slavic languages: Serbo-Croatian, Bulgarian, Polish, and Czech
4323:]. Lincom Studies in Slavic Linguistics; vol 34 (in German). Munich: Lincom Europa. p. 265.
2332:), and Littoral-Lika: in Dalmatia, central Bosnia, northern Serbia, southern Hungary (incl. Budapest)
858:
819:
424:
3763:
The Eastern dialects have developed definite-article suffixes similar to the other languages in the
2558:
404:
95:
5809:
4606:
4480:
3064:
2130:
1941:
1860:
1751:
1670:
1635:
1056:
3756:
The Eastern dialects have almost completely lost their noun declensions, and have become entirely
1923:
1807:
1744:
1691:
5870:
5787:
5715:
5506:
5463:
5179:
3124:
2511:
2134:
2062:
1358:
1351:
1079:. Serbian, Croatian, Bosnian, and Montenegrin constitute a single dialect within this continuum.
1052:
942:
853:
664:
357:
159:
48:
2026:
argues that South Slavic exists strictly as a geographical grouping, not forming a true genetic
1909:
1846:
1793:
1684:
866:
5640:
5635:
5600:
5559:
4102:
2920:
1347:
699:
164:
4508:
4405:
3331:). This differs from that of the Ekavian accent; many Kajkavian dialects distinguish a closed
2092:). Thus, in most cases national and ethnic borders do not coincide with dialectal boundaries.
5900:
5854:
5779:
5757:
5672:
5661:
5469:
5441:
5420:
5231:
5186:
4910:
The Grammar of Possessivity in South Slavic Languages: Synchronic and Diachronic Perspectives
4681:
3974:
2916:
2335:
2255:
1410:
1405:
1397:
1355:
1016:
1012:
475:
4738:
4513:
2307:
1888:
5916:
5410:
5380:
5339:
5259:
4969:
4677:
4476:
3899:
forms are used – if not spoken, at least in the written language. A very basic example is:
3176:
3172:
2598:
2269:
2188:
1916:
1853:
1505:
1315:
1178:
1089:
876:
385:
318:
197:
192:
4312:
3233:
and inland Croatia (Gacka and Pokupje, for example). The Chakavian reflex of proto-Slavic
8:
6017:
5926:
5725:
5692:
5593:
5583:
5552:
5352:
5239:
5202:
5191:
4518:
4075:
3286:
3087:
2476:
2207:
1902:
1463:
1443:
1423:
1142:
1116:
1048:
1044:
937:
871:
740:
692:
640:
470:
2823:
900:
5588:
5525:
5500:
5347:
5313:
5308:
5303:
5268:
5031:
4931:
A Linguist's Linguist: Studies in South Slavic Linguistics in Honor of E. Wayles Browne
3896:
3757:
3256:
3142:
3103:
3074:
3060:
3054:
2849:
2843:
2836:
2830:
2768:
2762:
2705:
2699:
2687:
2681:
2665:
2659:
2636:
2603:
2372:
2366:
2283:
2237:
2194:
1615:
1473:
1438:
1366:
1171:
1094:
1024:
779:
725:
672:
659:
653:
491:
6002:
4762:
4483:[The glotonym "Serbo-Croatian" vs. "Serbian, Croatian, Bosnian, Montenegrin"]
4407:
Indo-European Language and Culture: An Introduction Blackwell textbooks in linguistics
3782:
Apart from these three main areas there are several smaller, significant differences:
1386:
Merger of Proto-Slavic *ś (resulting from the second and third palatalization) with *s
241:
6037:
6027:
5888:
5804:
5742:
5645:
5627:
5610:
5567:
5541:
5487:
5482:
5405:
5370:
5289:
5212:
5105:
5084:
5063:
5042:
4977:
4956:
4935:
4914:
4893:
4872:
4851:
4819:
4799:
4778:
4721:
4713:
4703:
4504:
4496:
4456:
4411:
4383:
4373:
4342:
4334:
4324:
4294:
4259:
4206:
4172:
4149:
3969:
3764:
3260:
3225:
Chakavian is spoken in the western, central, and southern parts of Croatia—mainly in
3168:
3042:
3038:
2456:
2417:
2383:
2343:
2322:
2070:
2054:
2015:
1881:
1279:
1251:
1028:
1011:. These are separated geographically from speakers of the other two Slavic branches (
735:
600:
371:
313:
5389:
5035:
4522:
1874:
396:
6022:
5958:
5762:
5476:
5427:
5415:
5400:
5279:
5274:
5155:
5021:
4695:
4660:
4071:
4060:
4052:
3794:), while the Eastern dialects only have them in the singular—for example, Serbian
3383:
3378:
3356:
3264:
3010:
2973:
2936:
2928:
2880:
2857:
2805:
2785:
2742:
2722:
2448:
2438:
2409:
2329:
1731:
1532:
1468:
1428:
1343:
1297:
1261:
1183:
1004:
926:
910:
881:
593:
586:
363:
329:
324:
308:
169:
147:
2639:
according to the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences' atlas from 2001. Pronunciation of
2011:
Hardening of palatals and dental affricates; e.g. š' > š, č' > č, c' > c.
1772:
377:
6042:
5840:
5799:
5792:
5546:
5536:
5511:
5494:
5284:
5252:
5207:
5197:
5099:
5078:
5057:
4971:
4950:
4929:
4908:
4887:
4866:
4845:
4834:
4813:
4774:
4729:
4464:
4350:
4251:
4141:
3786:
The Western dialects have three genders in both singular and plural (Slovene has
3360:
3152:
2710:
2692:
2670:
2106:
1840:
1758:
1546:
1539:
1458:
1453:
1020:
905:
636:
154:
1498:
6057:
6032:
5825:
5747:
5737:
5680:
5458:
5395:
5298:
4481:"Glotonim "srbohrvaški jezik" glede na "srbski, hrvaški, bosanski, črnogorski""
4463:, The typology of Balkan evidentiality and areal linguistics, Victor Friedman,
4146:
Linguistic emblems and emblematic languages: on language as flag in the Balkans
4056:
3391:
3268:
3194:
3034:
2465:
2081:
2058:
1642:
1448:
1433:
1362:
1225:
605:
291:
5026:
4927:
4563:
3926:
personal pronouns in the third person) for both nouns and verbs. For example:
2428:
2310:(Ijekavian, Old-Shtokavian), in south and east Montenegro and southwest Serbia
6071:
6007:
5997:
5697:
5573:
5318:
5244:
4791:
4725:
4649:("whoever it may be" ≈ "anyone") can be used if the distinction is necessary.
4500:
4346:
4298:
4190:
2423:
2348:
2066:
1867:
1765:
1656:
4948:
4733:
4387:
4354:
4263:
4176:
4153:
3317:, Varaždin, Čakovec, Koprivnica, Petrinja, Delnice and so on. Its reflex of
2777:
2623:
1724:
1608:
5615:
4044:
3861:
All dialects of Serbo-Croatian contain the concept of "any" – e.g. Serbian
3000:
2911:
The dialects that form the eastern group of South Slavic, spoken mostly in
2249:
2069:
in the 19th and 20th centuries, led to the development and codification of
2050:
1649:
1040:
784:
504:
434:
1833:
225:
5944:
5931:
4843:
4699:
4694:. Rotulus Universitas (in Serbo-Croatian). Zagreb: Durieux. p. 430.
2413:
5685:
4970:
Anita Peti-Stantic; Mateusz-Milan Stanojevic; Goranka Antunovic (2015).
4291:
Deutsche Beiträge zum 14. Internationalen Slavistenkongress, Ohrid, 2008
3368:
Kak je, tak je; tak je navek bilo, kak bu tak bu, a bu vre nekak kak bu!
3355:
found in the Shtokavian dialect, and has some loanwords from the nearby
2984:
the formation of comparative forms of adjectives formed with the prefix
2319:
East-Bosnian (Ijekavian, Old-Shtokavian), in central and northern Bosnia
1067:
5881:
5860:
5752:
3892:
3771:
3292:
3206:
3120:
2979:
2901:
2674:
2525: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2261:
2089:
1229:
677:
350:
5080:
The Balkan conditional in South Slavic: a semantic and syntactic study
3276:Ča je, je, tako je vavik bilo, ča će bit, će bit, a nekako će već bit!
2644:
2447:
Upper and Lower Carniolan: Gorenjsko and Dolenjsko; central; basis of
260: Countries where a South Slavic language is the national language
5906:
5732:
5720:
4928:
Steven Franks; Brian D. Joseph; Vrinda Chidambaram (1 January 2009).
4198:
3308:
3220:
1937:
1215:
1205:
803:
551:
485:
463:
234:
218:
4864:
2927:), share a number of characteristics that set them apart from other
2500:
2328:
Younger Ikavian (Ikavian) with 3 subdialects — Dalmatian, Danubian (
2119:
37:
5951:
5875:
5833:
5124:
4067:
4048:
3387:
3296:
3230:
3156:
2912:
2420:
2046:
2031:
1933:
1354:
language family. The South Slavic languages have been considered a
4717:
4626:
Macedonian : stol – "chair" → stolot – "the chair" → stol
4445:] (in French) (2nd ed.). Mouton & Co - 's-Gravenhage.
4338:
2773:
2714:
2640:
5938:
5894:
4093:
Comparison of standard Bosnian, Croatian, Montenegrin and Serbian
3164:
2924:
2252:
in southern Kosovo, western North Macedonia and northeast Albania
2057:
as a transitional dialect. On the other hand, the breakup of the
2042:
1008:
921:
573:
Comparison of standard Bosnian, Croatian, Montenegrin and Serbian
556:
546:
4293:. Welt der Slaven (in German). Munich: Otto Sagner. p. 93.
2316:(Ijekavian, Neo-Shtokavian), Croatia, Bosnia, Serbia, Montenegro
251:
4770:
4605:
Note that some remnants of cases do still exist in Bulgarian –
3314:
3226:
3160:
3148:
2338:(Ekavian, Old-Shtokavian), in southeast Serbia and south Kosovo
2304:(Ekavian, Old-Shtokavian): north Kosovo, eastern central Serbia
1945:
5011:
4455:
Balkan Syntax and Semantics, John Benjamins Publishing, 2004,
4169:
In honor of diversity: the linguistic resources of the Balkans
4055:
countries, whereas Croatia and Slovenia (which use Latin) are
3255:). Many dialects of Chakavian preserved significant number of
4064:
3399:
2027:
1961:
1007:. There are approximately 30 million speakers, mainly in the
4258:. Columbus: Ohio State University Press. pp. 261–262.
3395:
2034:, or are shared with some Slovakian or Ukrainian dialects.
1957:
2919:
and adjacent areas in neighbouring countries (such as the
2886:
2869:
2863:
2794:
2748:
2731:
2728:
4949:
A. A. Barentsen; R. Sprenger; M. G. M. Tielemans (1982).
4832:
4122:
3319:
3291:
This dialect is spoken primarily in the federal state of
3235:
2811:
2791:
2628:
5362:
4865:
Mila Dimitrova-Vulchanova; Lars Hellan (15 March 1999).
2444:
Rovte Slovene: Rovtarsko; between Littoral and Carniolan
2232:
2110:
South Slavic dialect continuum with major dialect groups
1166:
4623:
Bulgarian : stol – "chair" → stolat – "the chair"
5097:
4372:(in Bulgarian). София: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences.
3131:
1365:: defined by a set of phonological, morphological and
5076:
3873:"anyone". All others lack the last, and make do with
3791:
2883:
2808:
2745:
2607:
Areas where Eastern South Slavic dialects are spoken:
2462:
Carinthian: Koroško; far north and northwest Slovenia
4844:
Mirjana N. Dedaic; Mirjana Miskovic-Lukovic (2010).
3962:
3885:
2892:
2814:
2751:
2459:
or Prekmurje Slovene: Panonsko; far eastern Slovenia
1952::43–44) list the following phonological isoglosses:
4554:
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 502–503.
4370:Български диалектен атлас (Bulgarian dialect atlas)
3003:formed by the present form of the verb preceded by
2889:
2866:
2860:
2788:
2725:
62:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
4811:
4568:The Structure and History of the Slovene Language.
4645:In Bulgarian, more complex constructions such as
3778:, "I want to go" (literally, "I want that I go").
3182:
2490:
6069:
4596:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, p. 502.
4475:
5055:
4999:
4913:. Slavic Research Center, Hokkaido University.
3113:
2325:(mixed yat, Old-Shtokavian), in eastern Croatia
4906:
4790:
4767:Poredbenopovijesna gramatika hrvatskoga jezika
4592:Sussex, Roland & Paul V. Cubberley. 2006.
4367:
3147:Torlakian dialects are spoken in southeastern
3021:(Maced.) – He supposedly saw me. Compare with
2298:(Ekavian, Old-Shtokavian): east-central Serbia
1949:
5140:
4885:
4189:
980:
5047:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
4399:
4397:
1989:, merging with the reflex of Proto-Slavic *i
1390:This is illustrated in the following table:
1047:, in the ninth century. It is retained as a
4868:Topics in South Slavic Syntax and Semantics
4836:Formal Approaches to South Slavic Languages
3747:
2148:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
2101:
5147:
5133:
4550:Sussex, Roland & Paul Cubberly. 2006.
4047:, whereas those to the east and south use
987:
973:
5025:
4761:
4394:
4226:
4166:
3259:words, but also have many loanwords from
2635:and the eastern part of the transitional
2585:Learn how and when to remove this message
2168:Learn how and when to remove this message
2023:
122:Learn how and when to remove this message
4815:The Slavic Languages: Unity in Diversity
4436:
4430:
4311:
4250:
4140:
4070:, also uses Latin, but in the past used
4043:Languages to the west of Serbia use the
2622:
2602:
2479:(mixed), minority in Austria and Hungary
2412:
2105:
1383:Loss of *d and *t before Proto-Slavic *l
1337:
1075:The South Slavic languages constitute a
1066:
4403:
4098:Language secessionism in Serbo-Croatian
3295:in Austria and nearby areas in Vienna,
2468:: Rozajansko; Italy, west of Carinthian
2441:: Primorsko; west Slovenia and Adriatic
14:
6070:
5988:Slavic liquid metathesis and pleophony
4579:Logar, Tine & Jakob Rigler. 1986.
4288:
3918:Slovene has retained the proto-Slavic
3724:Dat/loc/ins plural -ma/-u (from dual)
3503:-ojo > -o in instrumental singular
3280:
3200:
3081:
2258:in southeast Serbia and eastern Kosovo
1055:churches in the form of various local
5128:
4871:. John Benjamins Publishing Company.
4108:Outline of Slavic history and culture
3302:
3214:
3136:
3102:Northern Macedonian (including three
3073:Western Bulgarian dialects (includes
3048:
2848:
2842:
2835:
2829:
2767:
2761:
2704:
2698:
2686:
2680:
2664:
2658:
2018:(CoRC > CRaC, CoLC > CLaC etc.)
1948:isoglosses are much fewer in number.
5154:
4676:
4410:. John Wiley and Sons. p. 431.
4368:Кочев (Kochev), Иван (Ivan) (2001).
4276:
4238:
4113:Pluricentric Serbo-Croatian language
3891:While Serbian, Bosnian and Croatian
2523:adding citations to reliable sources
2494:
2453:Styrian: Štajersko; eastern Slovenia
2146:adding citations to reliable sources
2113:
60:adding citations to reliable sources
31:
4952:South Slavic and Balkan Linguistics
4404:Fortson, Benjamin W. (2009-08-31).
3826:, 'they') covers the entire plural.
3770:The Eastern dialects have lost the
3372:
3271:and other Mediterranean languages.
3132:Transitional South Slavic languages
24:
4992:
4833:Mila Dimitrova-Vulchanova (1998).
4532:from the original on 8 August 2012
4038:
25:
6089:
5120:
3963:Divisions within Eastern dialects
3886:Divisions within Western dialects
2292:(Ekavian, Neo-Shtokavian): Serbia
2041:stretching from today's southern
2037:The South Slavic dialects form a
1071:Balto-Slavic language family tree
1062:
1003:are one of three branches of the
4847:South Slavic Discourse Particles
4749:from the original on 1 June 2012
3922:number (which means that it has
3414:Western South Slavic isoglosses
3099:Southeastern Macedonian dialects
2879:
2856:
2804:
2784:
2741:
2721:
2499:
2118:
250:
36:
5098:Patrice Marie Rubadeau (1996).
4839:. Linguistics Department, NTNU.
4652:
4639:
4612:
4599:
4586:
4583:Ljubljana: Geodetski zavod SRS.
4573:
4557:
4544:
4469:
4449:
4361:
3435:Acute > neoacute nonfinally
3094:Dialects of Macedonian language
2612: by a majority of speakers
2510:needs additional citations for
2361:Southwestern Istrian subdialect
2244:Transitional Bulgarian dialects
772:Transitional Bulgarian dialects
47:needs additional citations for
5848:Kyakhta Russian–Chinese Pidgin
5077:Masha Belyavski-Frank (2003).
4798:, Cambridge University Press,
4305:
4282:
4270:
4244:
4232:
4219:
4183:
4160:
4134:
4118:South Slavic dialect continuum
3776:искам да ходя (iskam da hodya)
3183:Western South Slavic languages
2491:Eastern South Slavic languages
1996:in Serbo-Croatian, > vowel+
1815:
1590:
1145:(extinct) – (ISO 639-1 code:
13:
1:
4850:. John Benjamins Publishing.
3405:
3351:). It lacks several palatals
2395:Turopolje–Posavina subdialect
2392:Križevci–Podravina subdialect
2373:Southern Chakavian subdialect
2367:Northern Chakavian subdialect
1256:Eastern Herzegovinian dialect
5983:Slavic second palatalization
4630:– "this chair here" → stol
4088:Abstand and ausbau languages
3818:(they, neut); the Bulgarian
3187:
3114:Torlakian dialect in Serbian
2389:Zagorje–Međimurje subdialect
2355:Western Chakavian subdialect
1378:Slavic second palatalization
767:Serbian–Bulgarian–Macedonian
7:
5978:Slavic first palatalization
4812:Edward Stankiewicz (1986).
4437:van Wijk, Nicolaas (1956).
4167:Alexander, Ronelle (2000).
4081:
3822:(they) and Macedonian тие (
3109:Western Macedonian dialects
2647:, derived from proto-words
2378:Lastovo subdialect: Croatia
2065:, followed by formation of
1950:Sussex & Cubberly (2006
1706:
1480:
10:
6094:
5104:. University of Michigan.
4669:
4203:Cambridge University Press
3742:
3452:Loss of Proto-Slavic tone
3376:
3306:
3284:
3218:
3204:
3140:
3091:
3085:
3070:Eastern Bulgarian dialects
3058:
3052:
2596:
2264:dialect in western Romania
2202:Western Bulgarian dialects
2199:Eastern Bulgarian dialects
1964:-like sound, which became
1376:Consistent application of
1034:
6051:
5968:
5915:
5824:
5778:
5770:Slavic dialects of Greece
5706:
5671:
5660:
5626:
5524:
5449:
5440:
5379:
5361:
5338:
5329:
5230:
5162:
5027:10.1007/s11185-015-9150-9
4794:; Cubberly, Paul (2006),
4581:Karta slovenskih narečij.
3838:(he, she, it, they), and
3163:, and pockets of western
2008:after a liquid consonant.
1922:
1915:
1908:
1901:
1894:
1887:
1859:
1852:
1845:
1825:
1806:
1799:
1792:
1785:
1778:
1750:
1743:
1736:
1716:
1697:
1690:
1683:
1676:
1669:
1662:
1634:
1627:
1620:
1600:
1581:
1573:
1566:
1559:
1552:
1524:
1517:
1510:
1490:
1409:
1404:
1401:
1395:
820:Slavic dialects of Greece
249:
233:
217:
212:
186:
155:Linguistic classification
153:
141:
136:
5062:. Peter de Rider Press.
5056:Henrik Birnbaum (1976).
4688:Language and Nationalism
4128:
3913:– "I want – that – I go"
3748:Eastern–Western division
3171:, an area of linguistic
3125:Serbo-Croatian languages
3065:Banat Bulgarian language
2996:(Maced.) – good, better)
2972:a near-complete lack of
2534:"South Slavic languages"
2102:Dialectal classification
2063:Austro-Hungarian Empires
1250:There are four national
956:Banat Bulgarian alphabet
71:"South Slavic languages"
4907:Motoki Nomachi (2011).
3952:(the two of us walk) →
3842:(this, here), but uses
1350:, which belongs to the
6078:South Slavic languages
4934:. Slavica Publishers.
4892:. Verlag Otto Sagner.
4886:Radovan Lučić (2002).
4570:Columbus, OH: Slavica.
4103:Mutual intelligibility
3881:constructions instead.
2921:Bessarabian Bulgarians
2908:
2620:
2433:
2432:, in the 18th-century
2401:Donja Sutla subdialect
2183:South Slavic languages
2111:
1940:in character, whereas
1880:
1873:
1866:
1839:
1832:
1771:
1764:
1757:
1730:
1723:
1655:
1648:
1641:
1614:
1607:
1545:
1538:
1531:
1504:
1497:
1380:before Proto-Slavic *v
1072:
1001:South Slavic languages
272:South Slavic languages
5901:Taimyr Pidgin Russian
4818:. Walter de Gruyter.
4769:(in Serbo-Croatian),
4552:The Slavic Languages.
3327:, rarely diphthongal
3195:breakup of Yugoslavia
2626:
2606:
2416:
2314:Eastern Herzegovinian
2256:Prizren-Timok dialect
2109:
2014:South Slavic form of
1985:Proto-Slavic *y >
1979:Proto-Slavic *ę >
1338:Linguistic prehistory
1127:; ISO 639-2(T) code:
1123:; ISO 639-2(B) code:
1070:
757:Transitional dialects
391:Eastern Herzegovinian
18:South Slavic language
4796:The Slavic languages
4700:10.2139/ssrn.3467646
4683:Jezik i nacionalizam
4594:The Slavic Languages
4443:The Slavic Languages
4195:The Slavic languages
3846:based pronouns like
3386:is mainly spoken in
3363:(chiefly in towns).
3229:, the Kvarner Gulf,
2633:Eastern South Slavic
2618: by a minority.
2599:Eastern South Slavic
2519:improve this article
2398:Prigorski subdialect
2215:Western/Northwestern
2142:improve this section
1304:; ISO 639-2/3 code:
1286:; ISO 639-2/3 code:
1268:; ISO 639-2/3 code:
1236:; ISO 639-2/3 code:
1179:Western South Slavic
815:Bulgarian–Macedonian
627:Eastern South Slavic
499:Prizren–South Morava
429:Prizren–South Morava
281:Western South Slavic
198:Western South Slavic
193:Eastern South Slavic
56:improve this article
5927:Pan-Slavic language
5726:Burgenland Croatian
5606:Marcho-Magdeburgian
5203:Old Church Slavonic
5014:Russian Linguistics
4076:Glagolitic alphabet
3968:In Macedonian, the
3834:as base forms like
3415:
3347:(from the original
3287:Burgenland Croatian
3281:Burgenland Croatian
3201:Shtokavian dialects
3088:Macedonian language
3082:Macedonian dialects
3009:the existence of a
2935:the existence of a
2631:(*ǫ) isoglosses in
2477:Burgenland Croatian
2404:Goranski subdialect
2284:Shtokavian dialects
2246:in western Bulgaria
2208:Macedonian dialects
2039:dialectal continuum
1424:Old Church Slavonic
1367:lexical innovations
1318:(ISO 639-2/3 code:
1194:; ISO 639-3 code:
1143:Old Church Slavonic
1119:– (ISO 639-1 code:
1097:– (ISO 639-1 code:
1049:liturgical language
1045:Old Church Slavonic
872:Macedonian Cyrillic
741:Standard Macedonian
6013:Illič-Svityč's law
5993:Monophthongization
5501:Camaldolese Slovak
5314:Canadian Ukrainian
5180:Up to Proto-Slavic
5173:Proto-Balto-Slavic
4489:Slavistična revija
4439:Les Langues Slaves
4313:Gröschel, Bernhard
4205:. pp. 43–44.
3906:– "I want – to go"
3413:
3303:Kajkavian dialects
3215:Chakavian dialects
3143:Torlakian dialects
3137:Torlakian dialects
3104:Torlakian dialects
3075:Torlakian dialects
3061:Bulgarian dialects
3055:Bulgarian language
3049:Bulgarian dialects
2909:
2637:Torlakian dialects
2621:
2434:
2384:Kajkavian dialects
2344:Chakavian dialects
2290:Šumadija–Vojvodina
2195:Bulgarian dialects
2112:
2071:standard languages
2049:. On the level of
1348:Balto-Slavic group
1252:standard languages
1218:(ISO 639-3 code:
1208:(ISO 639-3 code:
1190:; ISO 639-2 code:
1149:; ISO 639-2 code:
1101:; ISO 639-2 code:
1073:
867:Bulgarian Cyrillic
799:Croatian–Slovenian
420:Šumadija–Vojvodina
304:Standard languages
6065:
6064:
6058:extinct languages
5889:Solombala English
5820:
5819:
5743:Prekmurje Slovene
5656:
5655:
5436:
5435:
5290:Doukhobor Russian
5213:Glagolitic script
5069:978-90-316-0047-2
4983:978-3-631-66256-4
4941:978-0-89357-364-5
4920:978-4-938637-66-8
4878:978-90-272-8386-3
4857:978-90-272-5601-0
4825:978-3-11-009904-1
4805:978-0-511-24204-5
4784:978-953-150-840-7
4709:978-953-188-311-5
4647:"koyto i da bilo"
4417:978-1-4051-8896-8
4330:978-3-929075-79-3
4212:978-0-521-22315-7
3854:(it only retains
3836:on, ona, ono, oni
3765:Balkan sprachbund
3740:
3739:
3656:jd, jt > đ, ć
3622:Final -m > -n
3554:Loss of vocative
3169:Balkan sprachbund
3043:Balkan sprachbund
2595:
2594:
2587:
2569:
2418:Prekmurje Slovene
2286:(Serbo-Croatian)
2178:
2177:
2170:
2084:are based on the
2075:standard variants
2016:liquid metathesis
1972:(Macedonian), or
1930:
1929:
1300:(ISO 639-1 code:
1282:(ISO 639-1 code:
1264:(ISO 639-1 code:
1232:(ISO 639-1 code:
1186:(ISO 639-1 code:
1077:dialect continuum
997:
996:
962:
961:
827:
826:
748:
747:
736:Spoken Macedonian
618:
617:
601:Prekmurje Slovene
266:
265:
132:
131:
124:
106:
16:(Redirected from
6085:
5959:Slavonic-Serbian
5810:Cieszyn Silesian
5681:Carpathian Rusyn
5669:
5668:
5447:
5446:
5336:
5335:
5221:Modern languages
5156:Slavic languages
5149:
5142:
5135:
5126:
5125:
5115:
5094:
5073:
5052:
5046:
5038:
5029:
5008:
4987:
4966:
4945:
4924:
4903:
4882:
4861:
4840:
4829:
4808:
4787:
4763:Matasović, Ranko
4758:
4756:
4754:
4748:
4741:
4693:
4678:Kordić, Snježana
4664:
4656:
4650:
4643:
4637:
4616:
4610:
4603:
4597:
4590:
4584:
4577:
4571:
4561:
4555:
4548:
4542:
4541:
4539:
4537:
4531:
4516:
4491:(in Slovenian).
4486:
4477:Kordić, Snježana
4473:
4467:
4453:
4447:
4446:
4434:
4428:
4427:
4425:
4424:
4401:
4392:
4391:
4365:
4359:
4358:
4309:
4303:
4302:
4286:
4280:
4274:
4268:
4267:
4252:Friedman, Victor
4248:
4242:
4236:
4230:
4223:
4217:
4216:
4187:
4181:
4180:
4164:
4158:
4157:
4142:Friedman, Victor
4138:
4072:Bosnian Cyrillic
4061:Bosnian language
4032:, 'that child ')
4025:, 'this child ')
3975:Macedonian verbs
3848:toy, tya, to, te
3571:Final devoicing
3416:
3412:
3379:Slovene dialects
3373:Slovene dialects
3357:Slovene dialects
3326:
3177:Southeast Slavic
3011:renarrative mood
2937:definite article
2929:Slavic languages
2899:
2898:
2895:
2894:
2891:
2888:
2885:
2876:
2875:
2872:
2871:
2868:
2865:
2862:
2852:
2846:
2839:
2833:
2821:
2820:
2817:
2816:
2813:
2810:
2801:
2800:
2797:
2796:
2793:
2790:
2771:
2765:
2758:
2757:
2754:
2753:
2750:
2747:
2738:
2737:
2734:
2733:
2730:
2727:
2708:
2702:
2690:
2684:
2668:
2662:
2617:
2611:
2590:
2583:
2579:
2576:
2570:
2568:
2527:
2503:
2495:
2449:Standard Slovene
2410:Slovene dialects
2349:Buzet subdialect
2330:Bunjevac dialect
2280:
2173:
2166:
2162:
2159:
2153:
2122:
2114:
2024:Matasović (2008)
2003:
1999:
1995:
1988:
1982:
1975:
1971:
1967:
1926:
1919:
1912:
1905:
1898:
1891:
1863:
1856:
1849:
1829:
1819:
1810:
1803:
1796:
1789:
1782:
1754:
1747:
1740:
1720:
1701:
1694:
1687:
1680:
1673:
1666:
1638:
1631:
1624:
1604:
1594:
1585:
1577:
1570:
1563:
1556:
1528:
1521:
1514:
1494:
1393:
1392:
1346:are part of the
1344:Slavic languages
1244:; Linguasphere:
1198:; Linguasphere:
1157:; Linguasphere:
1135:; Linguasphere:
1109:; Linguasphere:
1005:Slavic languages
989:
982:
975:
927:Bosnian Cyrillic
859:Serbian Cyrillic
840:
839:
761:
760:
631:
630:
575:
518:Svrljig–Zaplanje
448:Svrljig–Zaplanje
330:Slavonic-Serbian
285:
284:
268:
267:
259:
254:
245:
244:
229:
228:
206:
148:Southeast Europe
134:
133:
127:
120:
116:
113:
107:
105:
64:
40:
32:
21:
6093:
6092:
6088:
6087:
6086:
6084:
6083:
6082:
6068:
6067:
6066:
6061:
6047:
5970:
5964:
5918:
5911:
5841:Bohemian Romani
5826:Mixed languages
5816:
5793:Pannonian Rusyn
5774:
5716:Banat Bulgarian
5702:
5664:
5652:
5622:
5520:
5512:Pannonian Rusyn
5432:
5375:
5357:
5325:
5285:Alaskan Russian
5260:Old Novgorodian
5253:Old East Slavic
5226:
5208:Cyrillic script
5198:Church Slavonic
5158:
5153:
5123:
5118:
5112:
5091:
5070:
5040:
5039:
4995:
4993:Further reading
4990:
4984:
4963:
4942:
4921:
4900:
4879:
4858:
4826:
4806:
4785:
4775:Matica hrvatska
4752:
4750:
4746:
4737:
4710:
4691:
4672:
4667:
4657:
4653:
4644:
4640:
4617:
4613:
4604:
4600:
4591:
4587:
4578:
4574:
4564:Lencek, Rado L.
4562:
4558:
4549:
4545:
4535:
4533:
4529:
4512:
4484:
4474:
4470:
4454:
4450:
4435:
4431:
4422:
4420:
4418:
4402:
4395:
4380:
4366:
4362:
4331:
4310:
4306:
4287:
4283:
4275:
4271:
4249:
4245:
4237:
4233:
4227:Matasović (2008
4224:
4220:
4213:
4188:
4184:
4165:
4161:
4139:
4135:
4131:
4084:
4041:
4039:Writing systems
3995:– I have seen (
3984:– I have seen (
3965:
3937:(two wolves) →
3888:
3750:
3745:
3639:ľ, ň > l, n
3408:
3381:
3375:
3353:(ć, lj, nj, dž)
3311:
3305:
3289:
3283:
3253:Ekavian–Ikavian
3223:
3217:
3209:
3203:
3190:
3185:
3159:, southeastern
3153:North Macedonia
3145:
3139:
3134:
3123:form (as other
3116:
3096:
3090:
3084:
3067:
3057:
3051:
2990:добър, по-добър
2980:verb infinitive
2907:
2882:
2878:
2859:
2855:
2807:
2803:
2787:
2783:
2744:
2740:
2724:
2720:
2627:Map of the big
2619:
2615:
2613:
2609:
2601:
2591:
2580:
2574:
2571:
2528:
2526:
2516:
2504:
2493:
2488:
2296:Smederevo–Vršac
2274:
2174:
2163:
2157:
2154:
2139:
2123:
2104:
1921:
1907:
1893:
1844:
1805:
1791:
1735:
1696:
1682:
1668:
1619:
1571:
1558:
1509:
1417:reconstruction
1340:
1335:
1249:
1065:
1057:Church Slavonic
1037:
1019:) by a belt of
993:
964:
963:
947:
931:
915:
863:
837:
829:
828:
789:
758:
750:
749:
732:
731:
716:
682:
637:Church Slavonic
628:
620:
619:
612:
611:
571:
561:
529:
528:
514:
510:Janjevo–Letnica
482:
481:
459:
458:
444:
440:Janjevo–Letnica
414:Smederevo–Vršac
401:
382:
368:
358:Younger Ikavian
333:
327:
282:
262:
261:
257:
240:
239:
224:
223:
200:
143:
128:
117:
111:
108:
65:
63:
53:
41:
28:
27:Language family
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6091:
6081:
6080:
6063:
6062:
6052:
6049:
6048:
6046:
6045:
6040:
6038:Van Wijk's law
6035:
6033:Ruki sound law
6030:
6028:Pedersen's law
6025:
6020:
6015:
6010:
6005:
6000:
5995:
5990:
5985:
5980:
5974:
5972:
5966:
5965:
5963:
5962:
5955:
5948:
5941:
5936:
5935:
5934:
5923:
5921:
5913:
5912:
5910:
5909:
5904:
5897:
5892:
5885:
5878:
5873:
5871:Romano-Serbian
5868:
5863:
5858:
5851:
5844:
5836:
5830:
5828:
5822:
5821:
5818:
5817:
5815:
5814:
5813:
5812:
5802:
5797:
5796:
5795:
5788:Eastern Slovak
5784:
5782:
5776:
5775:
5773:
5772:
5767:
5766:
5765:
5760:
5750:
5745:
5740:
5735:
5730:
5729:
5728:
5718:
5712:
5710:
5704:
5703:
5701:
5700:
5695:
5690:
5689:
5688:
5677:
5675:
5666:
5662:Microlanguages
5658:
5657:
5654:
5653:
5651:
5650:
5649:
5648:
5638:
5632:
5630:
5624:
5623:
5621:
5620:
5619:
5618:
5613:
5608:
5598:
5597:
5596:
5591:
5581:
5580:
5579:
5578:
5577:
5565:
5564:
5563:
5556:
5549:
5544:
5533:East Lechitic
5530:
5528:
5522:
5521:
5519:
5518:
5517:
5516:
5515:
5514:
5507:Eastern Slovak
5504:
5492:
5491:
5490:
5488:White Croatian
5485:
5480:
5473:
5466:
5464:Biblical Czech
5455:
5453:
5444:
5438:
5437:
5434:
5433:
5431:
5430:
5425:
5424:
5423:
5418:
5413:
5408:
5403:
5396:Serbo-Croatian
5393:
5385:
5383:
5377:
5376:
5374:
5373:
5367:
5365:
5359:
5358:
5356:
5355:
5350:
5344:
5342:
5333:
5327:
5326:
5324:
5323:
5322:
5321:
5316:
5311:
5301:
5296:
5295:
5294:
5293:
5292:
5287:
5272:
5265:
5264:
5263:
5249:
5248:
5247:
5236:
5234:
5228:
5227:
5225:
5224:
5217:
5216:
5215:
5210:
5205:
5195:
5183:
5176:
5168:
5166:
5160:
5159:
5152:
5151:
5144:
5137:
5129:
5122:
5121:External links
5119:
5117:
5116:
5110:
5095:
5089:
5074:
5068:
5053:
5020:(3): 351–373,
5009:
4996:
4994:
4991:
4989:
4988:
4982:
4976:. Peter Lang.
4967:
4961:
4946:
4940:
4925:
4919:
4904:
4898:
4883:
4877:
4862:
4856:
4841:
4830:
4824:
4809:
4804:
4792:Sussex, Roland
4788:
4783:
4759:
4708:
4673:
4671:
4668:
4666:
4665:
4651:
4638:
4636:
4635:
4624:
4621:
4611:
4598:
4585:
4572:
4556:
4543:
4495:(3): 355–364.
4468:
4448:
4429:
4416:
4393:
4378:
4360:
4329:
4304:
4281:
4269:
4243:
4231:
4218:
4211:
4182:
4159:
4132:
4130:
4127:
4126:
4125:
4120:
4115:
4110:
4105:
4100:
4095:
4090:
4083:
4080:
4063:, used by the
4040:
4037:
4036:
4035:
4034:
4033:
4026:
4019:
4018:, 'the child')
4012:
4002:
4001:
4000:
3989:
3964:
3961:
3960:
3959:
3958:
3957:
3942:
3916:
3915:
3914:
3907:
3887:
3884:
3883:
3882:
3859:
3827:
3810:(they, masc),
3780:
3779:
3768:
3761:
3749:
3746:
3744:
3741:
3738:
3737:
3734:
3731:
3728:
3725:
3721:
3720:
3717:
3714:
3711:
3708:
3704:
3703:
3700:
3697:
3694:
3691:
3687:
3686:
3683:
3680:
3677:
3674:
3670:
3669:
3666:
3663:
3660:
3657:
3653:
3652:
3649:
3646:
3643:
3642:Most dialects
3640:
3636:
3635:
3632:
3629:
3626:
3625:Some dialects
3623:
3619:
3618:
3615:
3612:
3609:
3606:
3602:
3601:
3598:
3595:
3592:
3589:
3585:
3584:
3581:
3578:
3575:
3574:Most dialects
3572:
3568:
3567:
3564:
3563:Some dialects
3561:
3558:
3555:
3551:
3550:
3547:
3544:
3541:
3538:
3537:Neocircumflex
3534:
3533:
3530:
3527:
3524:
3523:Most dialects
3521:
3517:
3516:
3513:
3510:
3507:
3504:
3500:
3499:
3496:
3493:
3490:
3487:
3483:
3482:
3479:
3476:
3473:
3472:Some dialects
3470:
3466:
3465:
3464:Neoshtokavian
3462:
3459:
3456:
3455:Some dialects
3453:
3449:
3448:
3445:
3442:
3439:
3438:Most dialects
3436:
3432:
3431:
3428:
3425:
3422:
3419:
3407:
3404:
3392:Serbo-Croatian
3377:Main article:
3374:
3371:
3343:)—and an open
3307:Main article:
3304:
3301:
3285:Main article:
3282:
3279:
3219:Main article:
3216:
3213:
3205:Main article:
3202:
3199:
3189:
3186:
3184:
3181:
3141:Main article:
3138:
3135:
3133:
3130:
3129:
3128:
3115:
3112:
3111:
3110:
3107:
3100:
3086:Main article:
3083:
3080:
3079:
3078:
3071:
3053:Main article:
3050:
3047:
3031:
3030:
3007:
2997:
2994:добар, подобар
2982:
2978:the lack of a
2976:
2970:
2906:
2905:
2853:
2850:[zamp]
2844:[mamʃ]
2840:
2837:[zɤmp]
2831:[mɤmʃ]
2827:
2781:
2759:
2718:
2696:
2678:
2655:
2614:
2608:
2597:Main article:
2593:
2592:
2507:
2505:
2498:
2492:
2489:
2487:
2486:
2485:
2484:
2483:
2482:
2481:
2480:
2471:
2470:
2469:
2463:
2460:
2454:
2451:
2445:
2442:
2407:
2406:
2405:
2402:
2399:
2396:
2393:
2390:
2381:
2380:
2379:
2376:
2370:
2364:
2358:
2352:
2341:
2340:
2339:
2333:
2326:
2320:
2317:
2311:
2305:
2299:
2293:
2267:
2266:
2265:
2259:
2253:
2247:
2229:
2228:
2227:
2226:
2225:
2222:
2219:
2216:
2213:
2205:
2204:
2203:
2200:
2179:
2176:
2175:
2126:
2124:
2117:
2103:
2100:
2082:Serbo-Croatian
2020:
2019:
2012:
2009:
1990:
1983:
1977:
1928:
1927:
1913:
1899:
1885:
1878:
1871:
1864:
1857:
1850:
1837:
1830:
1823:
1820:
1812:
1811:
1797:
1783:
1776:
1769:
1762:
1755:
1748:
1741:
1728:
1721:
1714:
1711:
1703:
1702:
1688:
1674:
1660:
1653:
1646:
1639:
1632:
1625:
1612:
1605:
1598:
1597:flower, bloom
1595:
1587:
1586:
1579:
1564:
1550:
1543:
1536:
1529:
1522:
1515:
1502:
1495:
1488:
1485:
1477:
1476:
1471:
1466:
1461:
1456:
1451:
1446:
1441:
1436:
1434:Serbo-Croatian
1431:
1426:
1421:
1418:
1414:
1413:
1408:
1403:
1400:
1388:
1387:
1384:
1381:
1363:Slavic studies
1339:
1336:
1334:
1333:
1332:
1331:
1330:
1329:
1328:
1327:
1313:
1295:
1277:
1226:Serbo-Croatian
1223:
1213:
1203:
1176:
1175:
1174:
1164:
1163:
1162:
1140:
1114:
1081:
1064:
1063:Classification
1061:
1036:
1033:
995:
994:
992:
991:
984:
977:
969:
966:
965:
960:
959:
951:
950:
949:
948:
946:
945:
943:Early Cyrillic
940:
934:
932:
930:
929:
924:
918:
916:
914:
913:
908:
903:
897:
895:
887:
886:
885:
884:
879:
874:
869:
864:
862:
861:
856:
850:
848:
838:
835:
834:
831:
830:
825:
824:
823:
822:
817:
809:
808:
807:
806:
801:
793:
792:
791:
790:
788:
787:
782:
776:
774:
769:
759:
756:
755:
752:
751:
746:
745:
744:
743:
738:
733:
730:
729:
723:
717:
715:
714:
709:
702:
698:
696:
686:
685:
684:
683:
681:
680:
675:
669:
667:
662:
657:
647:
646:
645:
644:
629:
626:
625:
622:
621:
616:
615:
614:
613:
610:
609:
603:
596:
592:
590:
580:
579:
578:
577:
565:
564:
563:
562:
560:
559:
554:
549:
543:
541:
533:
532:
531:
530:
527:
526:
520:
515:
513:
512:
507:
501:
494:
490:
488:
483:
480:
479:
473:
466:
462:
460:
457:
456:
450:
445:
443:
442:
437:
431:
422:
417:
407:
402:
400:
399:
393:
388:
383:
381:
380:
374:
369:
367:
366:
360:
353:
349:
347:
337:
336:
335:
334:
323:
321:
316:
311:
306:
298:
297:
296:
295:
292:Serbo-Croatian
283:
280:
279:
276:
275:
264:
263:
256:
255:
247:
246:
237:
231:
230:
221:
215:
214:
213:Language codes
210:
209:
208:
207:
195:
188:
184:
183:
182:
181:
180:
179:
178:
177:
157:
151:
150:
145:
139:
138:
130:
129:
44:
42:
35:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6090:
6079:
6076:
6075:
6073:
6059:
6055:
6050:
6044:
6041:
6039:
6036:
6034:
6031:
6029:
6026:
6024:
6023:Meillet's law
6021:
6019:
6016:
6014:
6011:
6009:
6006:
6004:
6001:
5999:
5996:
5994:
5991:
5989:
5986:
5984:
5981:
5979:
5976:
5975:
5973:
5967:
5961:
5960:
5956:
5954:
5953:
5949:
5947:
5946:
5942:
5940:
5937:
5933:
5930:
5929:
5928:
5925:
5924:
5922:
5920:
5914:
5908:
5905:
5903:
5902:
5898:
5896:
5893:
5891:
5890:
5886:
5884:
5883:
5879:
5877:
5874:
5872:
5869:
5867:
5864:
5862:
5859:
5857:
5856:
5852:
5850:
5849:
5845:
5843:
5842:
5839:20th century
5837:
5835:
5832:
5831:
5829:
5827:
5823:
5811:
5808:
5807:
5806:
5803:
5801:
5798:
5794:
5791:
5790:
5789:
5786:
5785:
5783:
5781:
5777:
5771:
5768:
5764:
5761:
5759:
5758:Slavomolisano
5756:
5755:
5754:
5751:
5749:
5746:
5744:
5741:
5739:
5736:
5734:
5731:
5727:
5724:
5723:
5722:
5719:
5717:
5714:
5713:
5711:
5709:
5705:
5699:
5698:West Polesian
5696:
5694:
5691:
5687:
5684:
5683:
5682:
5679:
5678:
5676:
5674:
5670:
5667:
5663:
5659:
5647:
5644:
5643:
5642:
5641:Lower Sorbian
5639:
5637:
5636:Upper Sorbian
5634:
5633:
5631:
5629:
5625:
5617:
5614:
5612:
5609:
5607:
5604:
5603:
5602:
5601:West Lechitic
5599:
5595:
5592:
5590:
5587:
5586:
5585:
5582:
5576:
5575:
5571:
5570:
5569:
5566:
5562:
5561:
5560:Middle Polish
5557:
5555:
5554:
5550:
5548:
5545:
5543:
5540:
5539:
5538:
5535:
5534:
5532:
5531:
5529:
5527:
5523:
5513:
5510:
5509:
5508:
5505:
5503:
5502:
5498:
5497:
5496:
5493:
5489:
5486:
5484:
5481:
5479:
5478:
5474:
5472:
5471:
5467:
5465:
5462:
5461:
5460:
5457:
5456:
5454:
5452:
5448:
5445:
5443:
5439:
5429:
5426:
5422:
5421:Slavomolisano
5419:
5417:
5414:
5412:
5409:
5407:
5404:
5402:
5399:
5398:
5397:
5394:
5392:
5391:
5390:Alpine Slavic
5387:
5386:
5384:
5382:
5378:
5372:
5369:
5368:
5366:
5364:
5360:
5354:
5351:
5349:
5346:
5345:
5343:
5341:
5337:
5334:
5332:
5328:
5320:
5319:Simple speech
5317:
5315:
5312:
5310:
5307:
5306:
5305:
5302:
5300:
5297:
5291:
5288:
5286:
5283:
5282:
5281:
5278:
5277:
5276:
5273:
5271:
5270:
5266:
5262:
5261:
5257:
5256:
5255:
5254:
5250:
5246:
5245:Simple speech
5243:
5242:
5241:
5238:
5237:
5235:
5233:
5229:
5223:
5222:
5218:
5214:
5211:
5209:
5206:
5204:
5201:
5200:
5199:
5196:
5193:
5189:
5188:
5184:
5182:
5181:
5177:
5175:
5174:
5170:
5169:
5167:
5165:
5161:
5157:
5150:
5145:
5143:
5138:
5136:
5131:
5130:
5127:
5113:
5111:9780591195705
5107:
5103:
5102:
5096:
5092:
5090:9783876908519
5086:
5082:
5081:
5075:
5071:
5065:
5061:
5060:
5054:
5050:
5044:
5037:
5033:
5028:
5023:
5019:
5015:
5010:
5007:
5003:
4998:
4997:
4985:
4979:
4975:
4974:
4968:
4964:
4962:90-6203-634-1
4958:
4954:
4953:
4947:
4943:
4937:
4933:
4932:
4926:
4922:
4916:
4912:
4911:
4905:
4901:
4899:9783876908236
4895:
4891:
4890:
4884:
4880:
4874:
4870:
4869:
4863:
4859:
4853:
4849:
4848:
4842:
4838:
4837:
4831:
4827:
4821:
4817:
4816:
4810:
4807:
4801:
4797:
4793:
4789:
4786:
4780:
4776:
4772:
4768:
4764:
4760:
4745:
4740:
4739:CROSBI 475567
4735:
4731:
4727:
4723:
4719:
4715:
4711:
4705:
4701:
4697:
4689:
4685:
4684:
4679:
4675:
4674:
4662:
4655:
4648:
4642:
4633:
4629:
4625:
4622:
4620:
4619:
4615:
4608:
4602:
4595:
4589:
4582:
4576:
4569:
4565:
4560:
4553:
4547:
4528:
4524:
4520:
4515:
4514:CROSBI 430280
4510:
4506:
4502:
4498:
4494:
4490:
4482:
4478:
4472:
4466:
4462:
4458:
4452:
4444:
4440:
4433:
4419:
4413:
4409:
4408:
4400:
4398:
4389:
4385:
4381:
4379:954-90344-1-0
4375:
4371:
4364:
4356:
4352:
4348:
4344:
4340:
4336:
4332:
4326:
4322:
4318:
4314:
4308:
4300:
4296:
4292:
4285:
4278:
4273:
4265:
4261:
4257:
4253:
4247:
4240:
4235:
4228:
4222:
4214:
4208:
4204:
4200:
4196:
4192:
4191:Roland Sussex
4186:
4178:
4174:
4170:
4163:
4155:
4151:
4147:
4143:
4137:
4133:
4124:
4121:
4119:
4116:
4114:
4111:
4109:
4106:
4104:
4101:
4099:
4096:
4094:
4091:
4089:
4086:
4085:
4079:
4077:
4073:
4069:
4066:
4062:
4058:
4054:
4050:
4046:
4031:
4027:
4024:
4020:
4017:
4013:
4010:
4006:
4005:
4003:
3998:
3994:
3990:
3987:
3983:
3980:Macedonian –
3979:
3978:
3976:
3971:
3967:
3966:
3955:
3951:
3947:
3943:
3941:(some wolves)
3940:
3936:
3932:
3928:
3927:
3925:
3921:
3917:
3912:
3908:
3905:
3901:
3900:
3898:
3894:
3890:
3889:
3880:
3876:
3872:
3868:
3864:
3860:
3857:
3853:
3849:
3845:
3841:
3837:
3833:
3828:
3825:
3821:
3817:
3814:(they, fem),
3813:
3809:
3805:
3801:
3797:
3793:
3789:
3785:
3784:
3783:
3777:
3773:
3769:
3766:
3762:
3759:
3755:
3754:
3753:
3735:
3732:
3729:
3726:
3723:
3722:
3718:
3715:
3712:
3709:
3706:
3705:
3701:
3698:
3695:
3692:
3689:
3688:
3684:
3681:
3678:
3675:
3672:
3671:
3667:
3664:
3661:
3658:
3655:
3654:
3650:
3647:
3644:
3641:
3638:
3637:
3633:
3630:
3627:
3624:
3621:
3620:
3616:
3613:
3610:
3607:
3604:
3603:
3599:
3596:
3593:
3590:
3587:
3586:
3582:
3579:
3576:
3573:
3570:
3569:
3565:
3562:
3559:
3556:
3553:
3552:
3548:
3545:
3542:
3539:
3536:
3535:
3531:
3528:
3525:
3522:
3519:
3518:
3514:
3511:
3508:
3505:
3502:
3501:
3497:
3494:
3491:
3488:
3485:
3484:
3480:
3477:
3474:
3471:
3468:
3467:
3463:
3460:
3457:
3454:
3451:
3450:
3446:
3443:
3440:
3437:
3434:
3433:
3429:
3426:
3423:
3420:
3418:
3417:
3411:
3403:
3401:
3397:
3393:
3389:
3385:
3380:
3370:
3369:
3364:
3362:
3358:
3354:
3350:
3346:
3342:
3338:
3334:
3330:
3323:is primarily
3322:
3321:
3316:
3310:
3300:
3298:
3294:
3288:
3278:
3277:
3272:
3270:
3266:
3262:
3258:
3254:
3251:), or mixed (
3250:
3246:
3243:or sometimes
3242:
3238:
3237:
3232:
3228:
3222:
3212:
3208:
3198:
3196:
3180:
3178:
3174:
3170:
3166:
3162:
3158:
3154:
3150:
3144:
3126:
3122:
3118:
3117:
3108:
3105:
3101:
3098:
3097:
3095:
3089:
3076:
3072:
3069:
3068:
3066:
3062:
3056:
3046:
3044:
3040:
3036:
3029:– He saw me.)
3028:
3024:
3020:
3019:Тој ме видел.
3016:
3015:Той ме видял.
3012:
3008:
3006:
3002:
2998:
2995:
2991:
2987:
2983:
2981:
2977:
2975:
2971:
2968:
2964:
2963:
2957:
2953:
2949:
2948:
2942:
2938:
2934:
2933:
2932:
2930:
2926:
2922:
2918:
2914:
2903:
2897:
2874:
2854:
2851:
2845:
2841:
2838:
2832:
2828:
2825:
2819:
2799:
2782:
2779:
2775:
2770:
2769:[zɔp]
2764:
2763:[mɔʃ]
2760:
2756:
2736:
2719:
2716:
2712:
2707:
2706:[zup]
2701:
2700:[muʃ]
2697:
2694:
2689:
2688:[zap]
2683:
2682:[maʃ]
2679:
2676:
2672:
2667:
2666:[zɤp]
2661:
2660:[mɤʃ]
2657:
2656:
2653:
2650:
2646:
2642:
2638:
2634:
2630:
2625:
2605:
2600:
2589:
2586:
2578:
2567:
2564:
2560:
2557:
2553:
2550:
2546:
2543:
2539:
2536: –
2535:
2531:
2530:Find sources:
2524:
2520:
2514:
2513:
2508:This section
2506:
2502:
2497:
2496:
2478:
2475:
2474:
2472:
2467:
2464:
2461:
2458:
2455:
2452:
2450:
2446:
2443:
2440:
2436:
2435:
2431:
2430:
2425:
2424:New Testament
2422:
2419:
2415:
2411:
2408:
2403:
2400:
2397:
2394:
2391:
2388:
2387:
2386:, in Croatia
2385:
2382:
2377:
2374:
2371:
2368:
2365:
2362:
2359:
2356:
2353:
2350:
2347:
2346:
2345:
2342:
2337:
2336:Prizren–Timok
2334:
2331:
2327:
2324:
2321:
2318:
2315:
2312:
2309:
2306:
2303:
2302:Kosovo–Resava
2300:
2297:
2294:
2291:
2288:
2287:
2285:
2282:
2281:
2278:
2273:
2272:
2268:
2263:
2260:
2257:
2254:
2251:
2248:
2245:
2242:
2241:
2239:
2235:
2234:
2230:
2223:
2220:
2217:
2214:
2211:
2210:
2209:
2206:
2201:
2198:
2197:
2196:
2193:
2192:
2191:
2190:
2186:
2185:
2184:
2181:
2180:
2172:
2169:
2161:
2151:
2147:
2143:
2137:
2136:
2132:
2127:This section
2125:
2121:
2116:
2115:
2108:
2099:
2097:
2093:
2091:
2087:
2083:
2080:
2076:
2072:
2068:
2067:nation-states
2064:
2060:
2056:
2052:
2048:
2045:to southeast
2044:
2040:
2035:
2033:
2029:
2025:
2017:
2013:
2010:
2007:
1991:
1984:
1978:
1963:
1959:
1955:
1954:
1953:
1951:
1947:
1943:
1942:morphological
1939:
1935:
1925:
1918:
1914:
1911:
1904:
1900:
1897:
1890:
1886:
1884:
1883:
1879:
1877:
1876:
1872:
1870:
1869:
1865:
1862:
1858:
1855:
1851:
1848:
1843:
1842:
1838:
1836:
1835:
1831:
1828:
1824:
1821:
1818:
1814:
1813:
1809:
1802:
1798:
1795:
1788:
1784:
1781:
1777:
1775:
1774:
1770:
1768:
1767:
1763:
1761:
1760:
1756:
1753:
1749:
1746:
1742:
1739:
1734:
1733:
1729:
1727:
1726:
1722:
1719:
1715:
1712:
1710:
1709:
1705:
1704:
1700:
1693:
1689:
1686:
1679:
1675:
1672:
1665:
1661:
1659:
1658:
1654:
1652:
1651:
1647:
1645:
1644:
1640:
1637:
1633:
1630:
1626:
1623:
1618:
1617:
1613:
1611:
1610:
1606:
1603:
1599:
1596:
1593:
1589:
1588:
1584:
1580:
1576:
1569:
1565:
1562:
1555:
1551:
1549:
1548:
1544:
1542:
1541:
1537:
1535:
1534:
1530:
1527:
1523:
1520:
1516:
1513:
1508:
1507:
1503:
1501:
1500:
1496:
1493:
1489:
1486:
1484:
1483:
1479:
1478:
1475:
1472:
1470:
1467:
1465:
1462:
1460:
1457:
1455:
1452:
1450:
1447:
1445:
1442:
1440:
1437:
1435:
1432:
1430:
1427:
1425:
1422:
1419:
1416:
1415:
1412:
1407:
1402:South Slavic
1399:
1394:
1391:
1385:
1382:
1379:
1375:
1374:
1373:
1370:
1368:
1364:
1360:
1357:
1353:
1352:Indo-European
1349:
1345:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1314:
1311:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1296:
1293:
1289:
1285:
1281:
1278:
1275:
1271:
1267:
1263:
1260:
1259:
1257:
1254:based on the
1253:
1247:
1243:
1239:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1224:
1221:
1217:
1214:
1211:
1207:
1204:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1182:
1181:
1180:
1177:
1173:
1170:
1169:
1168:
1165:
1160:
1156:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1141:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1115:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1093:
1092:
1091:
1088:
1087:
1086:
1083:
1082:
1080:
1078:
1069:
1060:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1043:, now called
1042:
1032:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1002:
990:
985:
983:
978:
976:
971:
970:
968:
967:
957:
953:
952:
944:
941:
939:
936:
935:
933:
928:
925:
923:
920:
919:
917:
912:
909:
907:
904:
902:
899:
898:
896:
894:
891:
890:
889:
888:
883:
880:
878:
875:
873:
870:
868:
865:
860:
857:
855:
852:
851:
849:
847:
844:
843:
842:
841:
833:
832:
821:
818:
816:
813:
812:
811:
810:
805:
802:
800:
797:
796:
795:
794:
786:
783:
781:
778:
777:
775:
773:
770:
768:
765:
764:
763:
762:
754:
753:
742:
739:
737:
734:
727:
724:
722:
719:
718:
713:
710:
708:
704:
703:
701:
697:
695:
694:
690:
689:
688:
687:
679:
676:
674:
671:
670:
668:
666:
663:
661:
658:
656:
655:
651:
650:
649:
648:
642:
638:
635:
634:
633:
632:
624:
623:
607:
604:
602:
598:
597:
595:
591:
589:
588:
584:
583:
582:
581:
576:
574:
569:
568:
567:
566:
558:
555:
553:
550:
548:
545:
544:
542:
540:
537:
536:
535:
534:
524:
523:Timok–Lužnica
521:
519:
516:
511:
508:
506:
503:
502:
500:
496:
495:
493:
489:
487:
484:
477:
474:
472:
468:
467:
465:
461:
454:
453:Timok–Lužnica
451:
449:
446:
441:
438:
436:
433:
432:
430:
426:
425:Prizren–Timok
423:
421:
418:
415:
411:
410:Kosovo–Resava
408:
406:
403:
398:
395:
394:
392:
389:
387:
384:
379:
376:
375:
373:
370:
365:
362:
361:
359:
355:
354:
352:
348:
346:
345:
341:
340:
339:
338:
331:
326:
322:
320:
317:
315:
312:
310:
307:
305:
302:
301:
300:
299:
294:
293:
289:
288:
287:
286:
278:
277:
273:
270:
269:
253:
248:
243:
238:
236:
232:
227:
222:
220:
216:
211:
204:
199:
196:
194:
191:
190:
189:
185:
176:
173:
172:
171:
168:
167:
166:
163:
162:
161:
160:Indo-European
158:
156:
152:
149:
146:
140:
135:
126:
123:
115:
104:
101:
97:
94:
90:
87:
83:
80:
76:
73: –
72:
68:
67:Find sources:
61:
57:
51:
50:
45:This article
43:
39:
34:
33:
30:
19:
6053:
6043:Winter's law
6003:Havlík's law
5957:
5950:
5943:
5899:
5887:
5880:
5855:Mednyj Aleut
5853:
5846:
5838:
5708:South Slavic
5707:
5665:and dialects
5572:
5558:
5551:
5499:
5475:
5470:Czechoslovak
5468:
5451:Czech-Slovak
5388:
5363:Transitional
5331:South Slavic
5330:
5267:
5258:
5251:
5219:
5187:Proto-Slavic
5185:
5178:
5171:
5100:
5079:
5058:
5017:
5013:
5005:
5001:
4972:
4951:
4930:
4909:
4888:
4867:
4846:
4835:
4814:
4795:
4766:
4751:. Retrieved
4687:
4682:
4654:
4646:
4641:
4631:
4627:
4614:
4601:
4593:
4588:
4580:
4575:
4567:
4559:
4551:
4546:
4534:. Retrieved
4492:
4488:
4471:
4451:
4442:
4438:
4432:
4421:. Retrieved
4406:
4369:
4363:
4320:
4316:
4307:
4290:
4284:
4279:, pp. 77–90.
4272:
4255:
4246:
4234:
4225:Cited after
4221:
4194:
4185:
4168:
4162:
4145:
4136:
4045:Latin script
4042:
4029:
4022:
4015:
4011:, 'а child')
4008:
3996:
3992:
3991:Bulgarian –
3988:– "to have")
3985:
3981:
3953:
3949:
3945:
3938:
3934:
3930:
3923:
3911:hoću da idem
3910:
3903:
3878:
3874:
3870:
3866:
3862:
3855:
3851:
3847:
3843:
3839:
3835:
3831:
3823:
3819:
3815:
3811:
3807:
3803:
3799:
3795:
3781:
3775:
3751:
3469:u- > vu-
3409:
3382:
3367:
3365:
3352:
3348:
3344:
3340:
3336:
3332:
3328:
3318:
3312:
3290:
3275:
3273:
3252:
3248:
3244:
3240:
3234:
3224:
3210:
3191:
3146:
3032:
3027:Тој ме виде.
3026:
3023:Той ме видя.
3022:
3018:
3014:
3004:
3001:future tense
2993:
2989:
2985:
2966:
2961:
2959:
2955:
2951:
2946:
2944:
2940:
2910:
2581:
2572:
2562:
2555:
2548:
2541:
2529:
2517:Please help
2512:verification
2509:
2427:
2271:Southwestern
2270:
2250:Gora dialect
2233:Transitional
2231:
2224:Southwestern
2221:Southeastern
2189:Southeastern
2187:
2182:
2164:
2155:
2140:Please help
2128:
2095:
2094:
2086:same dialect
2079:pluricentric
2051:dialectology
2036:
2021:
2005:
1938:phonological
1931:
1398:Proto-Slavic
1389:
1371:
1341:
1323:
1322:; SIL code:
1319:
1309:
1308:; SIL code:
1305:
1301:
1291:
1290:; SIL code:
1287:
1283:
1273:
1272:; SIL code:
1269:
1265:
1245:
1241:
1240:; SIL code:
1237:
1233:
1219:
1209:
1199:
1195:
1191:
1187:
1167:Transitional
1158:
1154:
1153:; SIL code:
1150:
1146:
1136:
1132:
1131:; SIL code:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1110:
1106:
1105:; SIL code:
1102:
1098:
1085:South Slavic
1084:
1074:
1059:traditions.
1041:Thessaloniki
1038:
1000:
998:
892:
845:
814:
798:
766:
712:Southeastern
691:
652:
585:
570:
538:
342:
303:
290:
274:and dialects
271:
187:Subdivisions
175:South Slavic
174:
165:Balto-Slavic
144:distribution
137:South Slavic
118:
109:
99:
92:
85:
78:
66:
54:Please help
49:verification
46:
29:
6018:Ivšić's law
5945:Army Slavic
5932:Interslavic
5917:Constructed
5780:West Slavic
5673:East Slavic
5442:West Slavic
5411:Montenegrin
5232:East Slavic
4277:Kordić 2010
4239:Kordić 2010
3982:imam videno
3948:(I walk) →
3902:Croatian –
3865:"someone";
3707:čr > cr
3605:žV > rV
3430:Shtokavian
3247:(rarely as
3173:convergence
3151:, northern
2654:on the map:
2575:August 2022
2429:Nouvi Zákon
2275: [
2158:August 2022
1976:(Bulgarian)
1946:syntactical
1512:зв(иј)е́зда
1411:East Slavic
1406:West Slavic
1316:Montenegrin
877:Montenegrin
854:Gaj's Latin
319:Montenegrin
201: [
112:August 2022
6008:Hirt's law
5998:Dybo's law
5969:Historical
5882:Russenorsk
5861:Ponaschemu
5753:Shtokavian
5693:Podlachian
5594:Slovincian
5584:Pomeranian
5553:Old Polish
5353:Macedonian
5240:Belarusian
5083:. Sagner.
4955:. Rodopi.
4718:2011520778
4461:158811502X
4423:2015-11-19
4339:2009473660
3999:– "to be")
3993:vidyal sum
3909:Serbian –
3893:Shtokavian
3869:"no one";
3840:ovaj, ovde
3772:infinitive
3427:Chakavian
3424:Kajkavian
3406:Comparison
3293:Burgenland
3207:Shtokavian
3155:, western
3121:Shtokavian
3092:See also:
3059:See also:
2974:noun cases
2545:newspapers
2308:Zeta–Raška
2262:Karashevsk
2090:Shtokavian
1956:Merger of
1934:isoglosses
1506:zv(ij)ézda
1464:Belarusian
1444:Macedonian
1230:Shtokavian
1117:Macedonian
1051:in Slavic
1031:speakers.
938:Glagolitic
901:Bohoričica
893:Historical
693:Macedonian
678:Meshterski
471:Burgenland
405:Zeta–Raška
351:Shtokavian
142:Geographic
82:newspapers
6056:indicate
5971:phonology
5919:languages
5907:Trasianka
5733:Kajkavian
5721:Chakavian
5646:Schleifer
5589:Kashubian
5371:Torlakian
5348:Bulgarian
5304:Ukrainian
5269:Ruthenian
4734:15270636W
4726:729837512
4501:0350-6894
4355:15295665W
4347:428012015
4299:238795822
4229::59, 143)
4199:Cambridge
3956:(we walk)
3933:(wolf) →
3852:tozi, tuk
3832:"on-/ov-"
3690:ə > a
3673:ř > r
3588:đ > j
3520:ć > č
3486:ǫ > o
3402:rivers).
3366:Example:
3309:Kajkavian
3274:Example:
3257:Dalmatian
3221:Chakavian
2958:, time –
2943:, book –
2917:Macedonia
2824:mężczyzna
2457:Pannonian
2437:Littoral
2375:: Croatia
2369:: Croatia
2363:: Croatia
2357:: Croatia
2351:: Croatia
2323:Slavonian
2238:Torlakian
2129:does not
2055:Torlakian
2032:archaisms
1882:wszystkie
1622:цв(иј)е̑т
1474:Ukrainian
1439:Bulgarian
1216:Chakavian
1206:Kajkavian
1172:Torlakian
1137:53-AAA-ha
1111:53-AAA-hb
1095:Bulgarian
1025:Hungarian
954:Includes
911:Metelčica
836:Alphabets
804:Kajkavian
780:Torlakian
726:Torlakian
673:Torlakian
654:Bulgarian
552:Ijekavian
492:Torlakian
486:Kajkavian
464:Chakavian
386:Dubrovnik
372:Slavonian
235:Glottolog
219:ISO 639-5
6072:Category
5952:Iazychie
5876:Runglish
5834:Balachka
5805:Silesian
5763:Bunjevac
5611:Polabian
5568:Silesian
5547:dialects
5542:Masurian
5526:Lechitic
5483:Moravian
5406:Croatian
5309:dialects
5280:dialects
5043:citation
5036:67848448
4765:(2008),
4744:Archived
4680:(2010).
4607:see here
4536:19 April
4527:Archived
4523:23508578
4479:(2003).
4388:48368312
4315:(2009).
4264:50123480
4241:, p. 75.
4193:(2006).
4177:47186443
4154:46734277
4144:(1999).
4082:See also
4068:Bosniaks
4057:Catholic
4053:Orthodox
4049:Cyrillic
4028:детено (
4021:детево (
4014:детето (
3904:hoću ići
3897:analytic
3844:"to-/t-"
3758:analytic
3617:Western
3421:Slovene
3388:Slovenia
3335:—nearly
3297:Slovakia
3261:Venetian
3231:Dalmatia
3157:Bulgaria
3039:Albanian
3017:(Bulg.)/
2992:(Bulg.)/
2913:Bulgaria
2421:Lutheran
2212:Northern
2047:Bulgaria
1932:Several
1616:cv(ij)ȇt
1420:meaning
1280:Croatian
1246:53-AAA-g
1200:53-AAA-f
1159:53-AAA-a
1053:Orthodox
1029:Romanian
906:Dajnčica
721:Northern
700:Dialects
660:Dialects
594:Dialects
364:Bunjevac
344:Dialects
314:Croatian
242:sout3147
6054:Italics
5939:Lydnevi
5895:Surzhyk
5628:Sorbian
5477:Knaanic
5428:Slovene
5416:Serbian
5401:Bosnian
5381:Western
5340:Eastern
5275:Russian
5164:History
4753:3 March
4670:Sources
4661:Sorbian
4509:3433071
4465:p. 123.
3970:perfect
3944:verbs:
3939:volkovi
3935:volkova
3929:nouns:
3802:(she),
3743:Grammar
3384:Slovene
3265:Italian
3188:History
3165:Romania
2925:Ukraine
2559:scholar
2439:Slovene
2218:Eastern
2150:removed
2135:sources
2077:of the
2059:Ottoman
2043:Austria
1713:plough
1547:gwiazda
1540:hviezda
1482:*gvězda
1469:Russian
1429:Slovene
1356:genetic
1298:Bosnian
1262:Serbian
1184:Slovene
1090:Eastern
1035:History
1009:Balkans
922:Arebica
882:Slovene
707:Western
587:Slovene
557:Ikavian
547:Ekavian
539:Accents
325:Serbian
309:Bosnian
96:scholar
5866:Quelia
5748:Resian
5537:Polish
5495:Slovak
5192:Accent
5108:
5087:
5066:
5034:
4980:
4959:
4938:
4917:
4896:
4875:
4854:
4822:
4802:
4781:
4771:Zagreb
4732:
4724:
4716:
4706:
4690:]
4566:1982.
4521:
4519:COBISS
4507:
4499:
4459:
4414:
4386:
4376:
4353:
4345:
4337:
4327:
4297:
4262:
4209:
4175:
4152:
4074:. The
4065:Muslim
4059:. The
4030:deteno
4023:detevo
4016:deteto
4007:дете (
3954:hodimo
3950:hodiva
3850:, and
3806:(it),
3798:(he),
3361:German
3339:(from
3315:Zagreb
3227:Istria
3161:Kosovo
3149:Serbia
3013:(e.g.
2988:(e.g.
2954:book,
2939:(e.g.
2616:
2610:
2561:
2554:
2547:
2540:
2532:
2473:Other
2466:Resian
2426:, the
1875:všetok
1708:*ordlo
1699:квітка
1678:цветок
1664:кветка
1592:*květъ
1575:звѣзда
1568:звезда
1561:звязда
1533:hvězda
1526:ѕвезда
1519:звезда
1499:zvezda
1492:звѣзда
1459:Polish
1454:Slovak
1021:German
846:Modern
785:Gorani
606:Resian
505:Gorani
476:Molise
435:Gorani
258:
170:Slavic
98:
91:
84:
77:
69:
5800:Goral
5738:Pomak
5686:Lemko
5459:Czech
5299:Rusyn
5032:S2CID
4747:(PDF)
4692:(PDF)
4686:[
4530:(PDF)
4485:(PDF)
4441:[
4319:[
4129:Notes
3946:hodim
3875:some-
3792:below
3790:—see
3400:Sutla
3269:Greek
3249:(i)je
3041:(see
3035:Greek
3005:ще/ќе
2969:time)
2960:време
2956:време
2945:книга
2941:книга
2900:(see
2822:(see
2772:(see
2709:(see
2691:(see
2669:(see
2645:tooth
2566:JSTOR
2552:books
2279:]
2028:clade
1962:schwa
1960:into
1896:увесь
1817:*vьśь
1801:орало
1787:орало
1780:арала
1773:radło
1766:radlo
1759:rádlo
1738:ра̏ло
1657:kwiat
1629:цвете
1602:цвѣтъ
1583:зірка
1554:зорка
1487:star
1449:Czech
1396:Late
665:Banat
397:Užice
378:Šokac
205:]
103:JSTOR
89:books
5616:Rani
5574:Lach
5106:ISBN
5085:ISBN
5064:ISBN
5049:link
4978:ISBN
4957:ISBN
4936:ISBN
4915:ISBN
4894:ISBN
4873:ISBN
4852:ISBN
4820:ISBN
4800:ISBN
4779:ISBN
4755:2013
4722:OCLC
4714:LCCN
4704:ISBN
4538:2019
4505:SSRN
4497:ISSN
4457:ISBN
4412:ISBN
4384:OCLC
4374:ISBN
4343:OCLC
4335:LCCN
4325:ISBN
4295:OCLC
4260:OCLC
4207:ISBN
4173:OCLC
4150:OCLC
4009:dete
3986:imam
3931:volk
3924:nine
3920:dual
3867:niko
3863:neko
3856:onzi
3788:dual
3736:Yes
3719:Yes
3702:Yes
3699:Yes
3685:Yes
3682:Yes
3668:Yes
3665:Yes
3648:Yes
3631:Yes
3614:Yes
3611:Yes
3608:Yes
3597:Yes
3594:Yes
3591:Yes
3580:Yes
3577:Yes
3560:Yes
3557:Yes
3543:Yes
3540:Yes
3526:Yes
3509:Yes
3506:Yes
3492:Yes
3489:Yes
3475:Yes
3398:and
3396:Kupa
3359:and
3063:and
3037:and
2915:and
2713:and
2673:and
2652:mǫžь
2649:zǫbъ
2643:and
2538:news
2133:any
2131:cite
2096:Note
2061:and
1974:/əe/
1970:/oe/
1958:yers
1944:and
1924:весь
1910:весь
1861:сиот
1847:са̏в
1827:вьсь
1822:all
1808:рало
1794:рало
1752:рало
1745:рало
1732:rȁlo
1725:ralo
1718:рало
1692:цвіт
1685:цвет
1671:цвет
1650:kvet
1643:květ
1636:цвет
1609:cvet
1359:node
1342:The
1027:and
1017:East
1015:and
1013:West
999:The
75:news
5022:doi
4696:doi
4123:Yat
3997:sum
3977:):
3879:no-
3877:or
3871:iko
3824:tie
3816:ona
3812:one
3808:oni
3804:ono
3800:ona
3733:No
3730:No
3727:No
3716:No
3713:No
3710:No
3696:No
3693:No
3679:No
3676:No
3662:No
3659:No
3651:No
3645:No
3634:No
3628:No
3600:No
3583:No
3566:No
3549:No
3546:No
3532:No
3529:No
3515:No
3512:No
3498:No
3495:No
3481:No
3478:No
3461:No
3458:No
3447:No
3444:No
3441:No
3341:yat
3329:ije
3325:/e/
3320:yat
3239:is
3236:yat
3045:).
2986:по-
2967:the
2952:the
2923:in
2902:ząb
2778:mąż
2774:zob
2715:zub
2711:зуб
2693:заб
2675:ząb
2671:зъб
2641:man
2629:yus
2521:by
2144:by
2006:yer
2002:/l/
2000:or
1998:/l/
1994:/u/
1987:/i/
1981:/e/
1966:/a/
1917:всі
1903:все
1889:усе
1868:vše
1854:вси
1841:sȁv
1834:ves
1361:in
1324:cnr
1320:cnr
1310:bos
1306:bos
1292:hrv
1288:hrv
1274:srp
1270:srp
1242:scr
1238:hbs
1220:ckm
1210:kjv
1196:slv
1192:slv
1155:chu
1151:chu
1133:mkd
1129:mkd
1125:mac
1107:bul
1103:bul
641:Old
226:zls
58:by
6074::
5045:}}
5041:{{
5030:,
5018:39
5016:,
5004:,
4777:,
4773::
4742:.
4736:.
4730:OL
4728:.
4720:.
4712:.
4702:.
4632:on
4628:ov
4525:.
4517:.
4511:.
4503:.
4493:51
4487:.
4396:^
4382:.
4351:OL
4349:.
4341:.
4333:.
4201::
4197:.
3820:te
3796:on
3337:ae
3267:,
3263:,
3179:.
2999:a
2965:,
2962:то
2950:,
2947:та
2931::
2877:,
2847:,
2834:,
2802:,
2776:,
2766:,
2739:,
2703:,
2685:,
2663:,
2277:ru
2240:)
1578:)
1302:bs
1284:hr
1266:sr
1258::
1248:).
1234:sh
1188:sl
1147:cu
1121:mk
1099:bg
1023:,
455:))
203:ru
6060:.
5194:)
5190:(
5148:e
5141:t
5134:v
5114:.
5093:.
5072:.
5051:)
5024::
5006:2
5002:Ч
4986:.
4965:.
4944:.
4923:.
4902:.
4881:.
4860:.
4828:.
4757:.
4698::
4609:.
4540:.
4426:.
4390:.
4357:.
4301:.
4266:.
4215:.
4179:.
4156:.
3767:.
3760:.
3349:e
3345:e
3333:e
3245:e
3241:i
3127:)
3106:)
3077:)
3025:/
2904:)
2896:/
2893:p
2890:m
2887:ɒ
2884:z
2881:/
2873:/
2870:ʃ
2867:m
2864:ɒ
2861:m
2858:/
2826:)
2818:/
2815:p
2812:æ
2809:z
2806:/
2798:/
2795:ʃ
2792:æ
2789:m
2786:/
2780:)
2755:/
2752:p
2749:ɒ
2746:z
2743:/
2735:/
2732:ʃ
2729:ɒ
2726:m
2723:/
2717:)
2695:)
2677:)
2588:)
2582:(
2577:)
2573:(
2563:·
2556:·
2549:·
2542:·
2515:.
2236:(
2171:)
2165:(
2160:)
2156:(
2152:.
2138:.
2088:(
1920:,
1906:,
1892:,
1804:,
1790:,
1695:,
1681:,
1667:,
1572:(
1557:,
1326:)
1312:)
1294:)
1276:)
1228:/
1222:)
1212:)
1202:)
1161:)
1139:)
1113:)
988:e
981:t
974:v
958:.
728:)
705:(
643:)
639:(
608:)
599:(
525:)
497:(
478:)
469:(
427:(
416:)
412:(
356:(
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328:(
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119:(
114:)
110:(
100:·
93:·
86:·
79:·
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20:)
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