154:
1876:
166:
817:, signage placed on ancestral lands, summer youth day camps focused on traditional Pomo foods, and aids such as posters and coloring books. As of 2012, fewer than three first-language speakers are known to survive, none younger than 90. There is currently a core group of heritage speakers from several tribes who are seriously involved in learning the language.
255:
were the first to suffer the ravages of
Spanish and, later, U.S. invasion. Southern Pomo speakers were used by the Spanish to construct the last of the California missions. The damage done during the Spanish colonial period was compounded by the United States control of California. Only the northernmost populations of Southern Pomo speakers, those of the
254:
The speakers of
Southern Pomo were never a unified political group; rather, they were spread across a number of villages and spoke slightly different dialects. Southern Pomo speakers did not have a name for their language or themselves. As the southernmost of the Pomo, the speakers of the language
318:, as well as a number of other articles which included Southern Pomo data together with data from other Pomo languages. Though Oswalt did a large amount of work on a Southern Pomo dictionary, it has never been completed.
813:
In 2011 the Dry Creek
Rancheria Band of Pomo Indians hired Dr. Neil Alexander Walker to develop a language restoration program for Southern Pomo, one that is currently active and includes classes, a
314:(Southwestern Pomo) language, began to collect Southern Pomo data approximately twenty years after Halpern's fieldwork. Oswalt eventually published one glossed and translated text,
911:
294:, in the 1940s, collected a number of Southern Pomo words and texts as part of a larger effort to collect data on all the Pomo languages. Halpern published one article,
2362:
947:
330:). In contrast, there are only five vowels. All phonemes, both consonants and vowels, can occur long. The vowels and consonants are displayed in tables below.
326:
Southern Pomo has a rich sound system with aspirated, unaspirated, ejective and voiced stops. It has a total of 28 consonants (plus the pseudo-consonant
976:
307:
1003:
820:
As of 2021 there are two
Southern Pomo apps available. One called Learn Southern Pomo Alphabet and another one called Southern Pomo Language Intro.
2367:
956:
242:. Southern Pomo is unique among the Pomo languages in preserving, perhaps, the greatest number of syllables inherited from Proto-Pomo (the
2352:
278:. In 2012 there was one fluent speaker, from Dry Creek, one rememberer, and a handful of people who learned some vocabulary as children.
176:
1914:
919:
996:
256:
198:
1030:
303:
1880:
989:
188:
850:
814:
1788:
1907:
17:
140:
792:
774:
769:
758:
738:
731:
719:
710:
705:
683:
678:
654:
628:
623:
592:
585:
569:
560:
555:
550:
534:
525:
520:
515:
501:
496:
487:
482:
477:
410:
394:
389:
373:
368:
327:
1849:
1744:
2039:
2023:
1588:
1284:
1271:
952:
2357:
1947:
1524:
231:
885:
2286:
2225:
1900:
1662:
1593:
2245:
1012:
866:
235:
158:
The seven Pomoan languages with an indication of their pre-contact distribution within
California
1624:
274:) include members whose ancestral language was Southern Pomo: Dry Creek, Cloverdale, Lytton and
2029:
1857:
1400:
1360:
1290:
509:
443:
263:
dialects, survived to be recorded by the time linguists began to collect data on the language.
260:
1135:
2239:
2142:
2012:
2007:
1972:
1549:
1463:
1457:
1445:
1297:
1278:
613:
471:
1156:
1149:
2233:
2186:
1451:
1431:
1066:
1121:
8:
2275:
1839:
1438:
1111:
642:
227:
51:
2058:
1582:
1142:
1128:
2262:
2214:
2200:
2155:
1954:
1776:
1723:
1575:
1531:
1424:
1386:
1372:
1351:
1247:
1185:
668:
544:
438:
428:
291:
271:
1563:
132:
2193:
2177:
2148:
2111:
2090:
1988:
1981:
1940:
1931:
1793:
1640:
1611:
1598:
1569:
1557:
1517:
1507:
1470:
1325:
1264:
1258:
1192:
783:
458:
448:
194:
2300:
2269:
2163:
2121:
2080:
2017:
1999:
1834:
1824:
1808:
1803:
1798:
1771:
1739:
1733:
1717:
1681:
1650:
1604:
1493:
1393:
1310:
1206:
1168:
1099:
1085:
579:
433:
311:
275:
219:
78:
58:
2137:
2116:
2064:
2049:
1961:
1923:
1829:
1781:
1656:
1618:
1538:
1487:
1418:
1366:
1320:
1238:
1227:
1220:
1213:
1199:
1178:
1074:
1039:
453:
239:
70:
971:
961:
145:
2333:
2311:
2294:
2207:
2095:
1728:
1697:
1669:
1482:
1476:
1413:
1379:
1315:
1253:
1092:
1055:
1048:
287:
243:
2346:
2317:
2306:
2085:
1691:
1406:
1338:
1331:
1079:
41:
2280:
1629:
981:
116:
829:
344:
223:
726:
361:
351:
153:
753:
696:
607:
403:
382:
299:
267:
238:. The Pomo languages have been grouped together with other so-called
125:
109:
165:
206:
1892:
286:
A small amount of data was collected by early researchers such as
966:
943:
465:
202:
173:
172:
Southern Pomo is classified as
Critically Endangered by the
302:. Halpern's unpublished notes are currently housed at the
222:
which were formerly spoken and is currently spoken by the
205:
characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see
948:
Western
Institute for Endangered Language Documentation
912:"North Coast tribes strive to keep Pomo language alive"
972:
OLAC resources in and about the
Southern Pomo language
290:; however, extensive work was not carried out until
316:
Retribution for Mate-Stealing: A Southern Pomo Tale
808:
962:Resources in and about the Southern Pomo language
2344:
977:Southern Pomo at the California Language Archive
2363:Endangered indigenous languages of the Americas
957:Survey of California and Other Indian Languages
246:from which all seven Pomo languages descend).
1908:
997:
298:, which dealt with aspects of Southern Pomo
1011:
967:Southern Pomo, California Language Archives
886:"Pomo youth get taste of tribal traditions"
883:
1915:
1901:
1004:
990:
321:
164:
152:
409:
296:Southern Pomo h and ʔ and Their Reflexes
218:is one of seven mutually unintelligible
177:Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger
2368:Native American language revitalization
867:"Preserving the Southern Pomo Language"
855:(Thesis). University of Nebraska Press.
281:
199:question marks, boxes, or other symbols
14:
2345:
848:
1896:
985:
909:
310:, who wrote a grammar of the related
1922:
24:
2353:Indigenous languages of California
304:University of California, Berkeley
27:Pomoan languages of California, US
25:
2379:
937:
1875:
1874:
849:Walker, Neil Alexander (2020).
809:Language revitalization efforts
270:(the California term for small
249:
944:Southern Pomo Language Project
903:
877:
859:
842:
13:
1:
835:
418:
791:
773:
768:
757:
737:
730:
718:
709:
704:
682:
677:
653:
627:
622:
591:
584:
568:
559:
554:
549:
533:
524:
519:
514:
500:
495:
486:
481:
476:
457:
452:
447:
442:
437:
432:
427:
393:
388:
372:
367:
7:
910:Mason, Clark (2012-02-10).
823:
10:
2384:
1024:indicate extinct languages
884:Clark Mason (2012-08-09).
852:A Grammar of Southern Pomo
2327:
2254:
2224:
2176:
2130:
2104:
2073:
2048:
1998:
1971:
1930:
1870:
1848:
1817:
1764:
1757:
1707:
1679:
1638:
1548:
1505:
1350:
1237:
1166:
1109:
1065:
1038:
1029:
1019:
782:
752:
725:
695:
606:
464:
425:
349:
342:
340:
333:
185:
163:
151:
139:
123:
107:
102:
67:
57:
47:
37:
32:
2246:Highland Oaxaca Chontal
1013:Languages of California
322:Phonetics and phonology
1858:American Sign Language
953:Southern Pomo language
890:Petaluma Argus-Courier
871:Portfolio - Scanalyzer
187:This article contains
1464:Southern Sierra Miwok
1458:Northern Sierra Miwok
266:At least four modern
1452:Central Sierra Miwok
282:Work on the language
1789:Californian Spanish
272:Indian reservations
228:Northern California
52:Northern California
1777:California English
1708:Language isolates
1401:Tule–Kaweah Yokuts
1387:Kings River Yokuts
1373:Buena Vista Yokuts
815:mobile application
292:Abraham M. Halpern
2340:
2339:
2334:extinct languages
2172:
2171:
2158:
2156:Havasupai dialect
2151:
2040:Southeastern Pomo
2024:Northeastern Pomo
1890:
1889:
1866:
1865:
1753:
1752:
1285:Southeastern Pomo
1272:Northeastern Pomo
916:PressDemocrat.com
806:
805:
671:
645:
616:
582:
547:
512:
474:
416:
415:
213:
212:
195:rendering support
191:phonetic symbols.
16:(Redirected from
2375:
2358:Pomoan languages
2154:
2149:Hualapai dialect
2147:
2074:Delta–California
2071:
2070:
1948:New River Shasta
1917:
1910:
1903:
1894:
1893:
1878:
1877:
1772:American English
1762:
1761:
1745:Plains Sign Talk
1710:and unclassified
1525:New River Shasta
1036:
1035:
1006:
999:
992:
983:
982:
955:overview at the
931:
930:
928:
927:
918:. Archived from
907:
901:
900:
898:
897:
881:
875:
874:
863:
857:
856:
846:
794:
776:
771:
760:
740:
733:
721:
712:
707:
685:
680:
667:
656:
641:
630:
625:
612:
594:
587:
578:
571:
562:
557:
552:
543:
536:
527:
522:
517:
508:
503:
498:
489:
484:
479:
470:
423:
422:
412:
396:
391:
375:
370:
338:
337:
329:
308:Robert L. Oswalt
220:Pomoan languages
179:
168:
156:
135:
119:
112:
73:
30:
29:
21:
2383:
2382:
2378:
2377:
2376:
2374:
2373:
2372:
2343:
2342:
2341:
2336:
2323:
2287:Western Jicaque
2250:
2220:
2168:
2126:
2100:
2069:
2044:
1994:
1967:
1926:
1924:Hokan languages
1921:
1891:
1886:
1862:
1844:
1813:
1782:Chicano English
1749:
1743:
1709:
1703:
1675:
1663:Southern Patwin
1634:
1594:Northern Paiute
1583:Luiseño-Juaneño
1544:
1501:
1346:
1233:
1162:
1105:
1061:
1025:
1015:
1010:
940:
935:
934:
925:
923:
908:
904:
895:
893:
882:
878:
865:
864:
860:
847:
843:
838:
826:
811:
421:
336:
324:
284:
252:
240:Hokan languages
193:Without proper
181:
180:
171:
159:
131:
115:
108:
98:
74:
71:Language family
69:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2381:
2371:
2370:
2365:
2360:
2355:
2338:
2337:
2328:
2325:
2324:
2322:
2321:
2314:
2309:
2304:
2297:
2292:
2291:
2290:
2283:
2273:
2266:
2258:
2256:
2252:
2251:
2249:
2248:
2243:
2236:
2230:
2228:
2226:Tequistlatecan
2222:
2221:
2219:
2218:
2211:
2204:
2197:
2190:
2182:
2180:
2174:
2173:
2170:
2169:
2167:
2166:
2161:
2160:
2159:
2152:
2140:
2134:
2132:
2128:
2127:
2125:
2124:
2119:
2114:
2108:
2106:
2102:
2101:
2099:
2098:
2093:
2088:
2083:
2077:
2075:
2068:
2067:
2062:
2054:
2052:
2046:
2045:
2043:
2042:
2037:
2032:
2027:
2020:
2015:
2010:
2004:
2002:
1996:
1995:
1993:
1992:
1985:
1977:
1975:
1969:
1968:
1966:
1965:
1958:
1951:
1944:
1936:
1934:
1928:
1927:
1920:
1919:
1912:
1905:
1897:
1888:
1887:
1885:
1884:
1871:
1868:
1867:
1864:
1863:
1861:
1860:
1854:
1852:
1846:
1845:
1843:
1842:
1837:
1832:
1827:
1821:
1819:
1815:
1814:
1812:
1811:
1806:
1801:
1796:
1791:
1786:
1785:
1784:
1779:
1768:
1766:
1759:
1758:Non-Indigenous
1755:
1754:
1751:
1750:
1748:
1747:
1713:
1711:
1705:
1704:
1702:
1701:
1687:
1685:
1677:
1676:
1674:
1673:
1666:
1659:
1654:
1646:
1644:
1636:
1635:
1633:
1632:
1627:
1622:
1615:
1608:
1601:
1596:
1591:
1586:
1579:
1572:
1567:
1560:
1554:
1552:
1546:
1545:
1543:
1542:
1535:
1528:
1521:
1513:
1511:
1503:
1502:
1500:
1499:
1498:
1497:
1490:
1485:
1480:
1468:
1467:
1466:
1461:
1454:
1449:
1442:
1435:
1428:
1416:
1411:
1410:
1409:
1404:
1397:
1390:
1383:
1380:Gashowu Yokuts
1376:
1364:
1356:
1354:
1348:
1347:
1345:
1344:
1343:
1342:
1328:
1323:
1318:
1313:
1308:
1301:
1294:
1287:
1282:
1275:
1268:
1261:
1256:
1251:
1243:
1241:
1235:
1234:
1232:
1231:
1224:
1217:
1210:
1203:
1196:
1189:
1182:
1174:
1172:
1164:
1163:
1161:
1160:
1153:
1146:
1139:
1132:
1125:
1117:
1115:
1107:
1106:
1104:
1103:
1096:
1089:
1082:
1077:
1071:
1069:
1063:
1062:
1060:
1059:
1052:
1044:
1042:
1033:
1027:
1026:
1020:
1017:
1016:
1009:
1008:
1001:
994:
986:
980:
979:
974:
969:
964:
959:
950:
939:
938:External links
936:
933:
932:
902:
892:. Petaluma, CA
876:
858:
840:
839:
837:
834:
833:
832:
825:
822:
810:
807:
804:
803:
801:
799:
797:
795:
790:
788:
786:
780:
779:
777:
772:
767:
765:
763:
761:
756:
750:
749:
747:
745:
743:
741:
736:
734:
729:
723:
722:
717:
715:
713:
708:
703:
701:
699:
693:
692:
690:
688:
686:
681:
676:
674:
672:
664:
663:
661:
659:
657:
652:
650:
648:
646:
638:
637:
635:
633:
631:
626:
621:
619:
617:
610:
604:
603:
601:
599:
597:
595:
590:
588:
583:
575:
574:
572:
567:
565:
563:
558:
553:
548:
540:
539:
537:
532:
530:
528:
523:
518:
513:
505:
504:
499:
494:
492:
490:
485:
480:
475:
468:
462:
461:
456:
451:
446:
441:
436:
431:
426:
420:
417:
414:
413:
408:
398:
397:
392:
387:
377:
376:
371:
366:
356:
355:
348:
341:
335:
332:
323:
320:
288:Samuel Barrett
283:
280:
251:
248:
244:proto-language
211:
210:
197:, you may see
183:
182:
170:
169:
161:
160:
157:
149:
148:
143:
137:
136:
129:
121:
120:
113:
105:
104:
103:Language codes
100:
99:
97:
96:
95:
94:
93:
92:
77:
75:
68:
65:
64:
61:
55:
54:
49:
45:
44:
39:
38:Native to
35:
34:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2380:
2369:
2366:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2356:
2354:
2351:
2350:
2348:
2335:
2331:
2326:
2320:
2319:
2315:
2313:
2310:
2308:
2305:
2303:
2302:
2298:
2296:
2293:
2289:
2288:
2284:
2282:
2279:
2278:
2277:
2274:
2272:
2271:
2267:
2265:
2264:
2260:
2259:
2257:
2253:
2247:
2244:
2242:
2241:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2231:
2229:
2227:
2223:
2217:
2216:
2212:
2210:
2209:
2205:
2203:
2202:
2198:
2196:
2195:
2191:
2189:
2188:
2184:
2183:
2181:
2179:
2175:
2165:
2162:
2157:
2153:
2150:
2146:
2145:
2144:
2141:
2139:
2136:
2135:
2133:
2129:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2113:
2110:
2109:
2107:
2103:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2079:
2078:
2076:
2072:
2066:
2063:
2061:
2060:
2056:
2055:
2053:
2051:
2047:
2041:
2038:
2036:
2035:Southern Pomo
2033:
2031:
2030:Northern Pomo
2028:
2026:
2025:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2005:
2003:
2001:
1997:
1991:
1990:
1986:
1984:
1983:
1979:
1978:
1976:
1974:
1970:
1964:
1963:
1959:
1957:
1956:
1952:
1950:
1949:
1945:
1943:
1942:
1938:
1937:
1935:
1933:
1929:
1925:
1918:
1913:
1911:
1906:
1904:
1899:
1898:
1895:
1883:
1882:
1873:
1872:
1869:
1859:
1856:
1855:
1853:
1851:
1850:Sign language
1847:
1841:
1838:
1836:
1833:
1831:
1828:
1826:
1823:
1822:
1820:
1816:
1810:
1807:
1805:
1802:
1800:
1797:
1795:
1792:
1790:
1787:
1783:
1780:
1778:
1775:
1774:
1773:
1770:
1769:
1767:
1765:Indo-European
1763:
1760:
1756:
1746:
1742:
1741:
1736:
1735:
1730:
1726:
1725:
1720:
1719:
1715:
1714:
1712:
1706:
1700:
1699:
1694:
1693:
1689:
1688:
1686:
1684:
1683:
1678:
1672:
1671:
1667:
1665:
1664:
1660:
1658:
1655:
1653:
1652:
1648:
1647:
1645:
1643:
1642:
1637:
1631:
1628:
1626:
1623:
1621:
1620:
1616:
1614:
1613:
1609:
1607:
1606:
1602:
1600:
1597:
1595:
1592:
1590:
1587:
1585:
1584:
1580:
1578:
1577:
1573:
1571:
1568:
1566:
1565:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1555:
1553:
1551:
1547:
1541:
1540:
1536:
1534:
1533:
1529:
1527:
1526:
1522:
1520:
1519:
1515:
1514:
1512:
1510:
1509:
1504:
1496:
1495:
1491:
1489:
1486:
1484:
1481:
1479:
1478:
1474:
1473:
1472:
1469:
1465:
1462:
1460:
1459:
1455:
1453:
1450:
1448:
1447:
1443:
1441:
1440:
1436:
1434:
1433:
1429:
1427:
1426:
1422:
1421:
1420:
1417:
1415:
1412:
1408:
1407:Valley Yokuts
1405:
1403:
1402:
1398:
1396:
1395:
1391:
1389:
1388:
1384:
1382:
1381:
1377:
1375:
1374:
1370:
1369:
1368:
1365:
1363:
1362:
1361:Klamath-Modoc
1358:
1357:
1355:
1353:
1349:
1341:
1340:
1336:
1335:
1334:
1333:
1329:
1327:
1324:
1322:
1319:
1317:
1314:
1312:
1309:
1307:
1306:
1305:Southern Pomo
1302:
1300:
1299:
1295:
1293:
1292:
1291:Northern Pomo
1288:
1286:
1283:
1281:
1280:
1276:
1274:
1273:
1269:
1267:
1266:
1262:
1260:
1257:
1255:
1252:
1250:
1249:
1245:
1244:
1242:
1240:
1236:
1230:
1229:
1225:
1223:
1222:
1218:
1216:
1215:
1211:
1209:
1208:
1204:
1202:
1201:
1197:
1195:
1194:
1190:
1188:
1187:
1183:
1181:
1180:
1176:
1175:
1173:
1171:
1170:
1165:
1159:
1158:
1154:
1152:
1151:
1147:
1145:
1144:
1140:
1138:
1137:
1133:
1131:
1130:
1126:
1124:
1123:
1119:
1118:
1116:
1114:
1113:
1108:
1102:
1101:
1097:
1095:
1094:
1090:
1088:
1087:
1083:
1081:
1078:
1076:
1073:
1072:
1070:
1068:
1064:
1058:
1057:
1053:
1051:
1050:
1046:
1045:
1043:
1041:
1037:
1034:
1032:
1028:
1023:
1018:
1014:
1007:
1002:
1000:
995:
993:
988:
987:
984:
978:
975:
973:
970:
968:
965:
963:
960:
958:
954:
951:
949:
945:
942:
941:
922:on 2021-03-30
921:
917:
913:
906:
891:
887:
880:
872:
868:
862:
854:
853:
845:
841:
831:
828:
827:
821:
818:
816:
802:
800:
798:
796:
789:
787:
785:
781:
778:
766:
764:
762:
755:
751:
748:
746:
744:
742:
735:
728:
724:
716:
714:
702:
700:
698:
694:
691:
689:
687:
675:
673:
670:
666:
665:
662:
660:
658:
651:
649:
647:
644:
640:
639:
636:
634:
632:
620:
618:
615:
611:
609:
605:
602:
600:
598:
596:
589:
581:
577:
576:
573:
566:
564:
546:
542:
541:
538:
531:
529:
511:
507:
506:
493:
491:
473:
469:
467:
463:
460:
455:
450:
445:
440:
435:
430:
424:
406:
405:
400:
399:
385:
384:
379:
378:
364:
363:
358:
357:
353:
346:
339:
331:
319:
317:
313:
309:
305:
301:
297:
293:
289:
279:
277:
273:
269:
264:
262:
258:
247:
245:
241:
237:
233:
232:Russian River
229:
225:
221:
217:
216:Southern Pomo
208:
204:
200:
196:
192:
190:
184:
178:
175:
167:
162:
155:
150:
147:
146:Southern Pomo
144:
142:
138:
134:
130:
128:
127:
122:
118:
114:
111:
106:
101:
91:
90:Southern Pomo
88:
87:
85:
84:
82:
81:
80:
76:
72:
66:
62:
60:
56:
53:
50:
46:
43:
42:United States
40:
36:
33:Southern Pomo
31:
19:
18:Southern Pomo
2329:
2316:
2299:
2285:
2268:
2261:
2240:Tequistlatec
2238:
2213:
2206:
2199:
2192:
2185:
2143:Upland Yuman
2057:
2034:
2022:
2013:Eastern Pomo
2008:Central Pomo
1987:
1980:
1960:
1953:
1946:
1939:
1879:
1738:
1732:
1722:
1716:
1696:
1690:
1680:
1668:
1661:
1649:
1639:
1617:
1610:
1603:
1581:
1574:
1562:
1537:
1530:
1523:
1516:
1506:
1492:
1475:
1456:
1446:Plains Miwok
1444:
1437:
1430:
1423:
1399:
1392:
1385:
1378:
1371:
1359:
1337:
1330:
1304:
1303:
1298:Central Pomo
1296:
1289:
1279:Eastern Pomo
1277:
1270:
1263:
1246:
1226:
1219:
1212:
1205:
1198:
1191:
1184:
1177:
1167:
1155:
1148:
1141:
1134:
1127:
1120:
1110:
1098:
1091:
1084:
1054:
1047:
1021:
924:. Retrieved
920:the original
915:
905:
894:. Retrieved
889:
879:
870:
861:
851:
844:
819:
812:
444:Postalveolar
402:
381:
360:
325:
315:
295:
285:
265:
253:
250:The speakers
215:
214:
186:
124:
89:
2234:Huamelultec
2187:Coahuilteco
1973:Palaihnihan
1625:Tübatulabal
1550:Uto Aztecan
1432:Coast Miwok
830:Elsie Allen
614:unaspirated
472:unaspirated
224:Pomo people
201:instead of
2347:Categories
1840:Vietnamese
1439:Lake Miwok
1136:Purisimeño
1067:Athabaskan
1031:Indigenous
926:2012-10-22
896:2013-01-14
836:References
419:Consonants
268:rancherias
261:Cloverdale
236:Clear Lake
230:along the
2332:indicate
2318:Yana/Yahi
2276:Jicaquean
2263:Chimariko
2215:Mamulique
2201:Comecrudo
1955:Okwanuchu
1724:Chimariko
1576:Kitanemuk
1532:Okwanuchu
1425:Bay Miwok
1394:Palewyami
1248:Chimariko
1193:Ramaytush
1186:Chochenyo
1157:Ventureño
1150:Barbareño
1112:Chumashan
754:Semivowel
697:Fricative
643:aspirated
608:Affricate
510:aspirated
300:phonology
257:Dry Creek
126:Glottolog
110:ISO 639-3
2194:Cotoname
2112:Maricopa
2091:Kumeyaay
1989:Atsugewi
1982:Achumawi
1941:Konomihu
1881:Category
1794:Armenian
1612:Tataviam
1599:Panamint
1570:Kawaiisu
1558:Cahuilla
1518:Konomihu
1352:Penutian
1326:Kumeyaay
1265:Atsugewi
1259:Achomawi
1122:Obispeño
824:See also
669:ejective
545:ejective
439:Alveolar
207:Help:IPA
133:sout2984
86:Southern
2330:Italics
2301:Salinan
2270:Esselen
2178:Pakawan
2164:Yavapai
2122:Quechan
2081:Cocopah
2059:Cochimí
2018:Kashaya
1932:Shastan
1835:Tagalog
1825:Chinese
1809:Russian
1804:Punjabi
1799:Persian
1740:Takelma
1734:Salinan
1718:Esselen
1651:Nomlaki
1641:Wintuan
1605:Serrano
1508:Shastan
1494:Nisenan
1471:Maiduan
1311:Kashaya
1207:Awaswas
1143:Ineseño
1129:Cruzeño
1100:Wailaki
1086:Mattole
1022:Italics
946:at the
784:Lateral
466:Plosive
459:Glottal
449:Palatal
407:
386:
365:
354:
347:
312:Kashaya
203:Unicode
83:Western
59:Extinct
2138:Paipai
2117:Mojave
2065:Kiliwa
2000:Pomoan
1962:Shasta
1830:Korean
1682:Yukian
1657:Patwin
1619:Tongva
1564:Cupeño
1539:Shasta
1488:Konkow
1367:Yokuts
1321:Mojave
1228:Chalon
1221:Rumsen
1214:Mutsun
1200:Tamyen
1179:Karkin
1169:Ohlone
1075:Tolowa
580:voiced
434:Dental
429:Labial
401:
380:
359:
350:
343:
334:Vowels
276:Graton
174:UNESCO
79:Pomoan
48:Region
2312:Washo
2295:Karuk
2255:Other
2208:Garza
2105:River
2096:Tipai
2050:Yuman
1818:Asian
1729:Karuk
1698:Wappo
1670:Wintu
1483:Maidu
1477:Chico
1419:Miwok
1414:Wintu
1316:Washo
1254:Karuk
1239:Hokan
1093:Cahto
1056:Yurok
1049:Wiyot
1040:Algic
727:Nasal
454:Velar
345:Front
2307:Seri
2086:Ipai
1692:Yuki
1589:Mono
1339:Yahi
1332:Yana
1080:Hupa
362:High
352:Back
259:and
234:and
63:2020
2281:Tol
2131:Pai
1630:Ute
775:(w)
684:tʃʼ
679:tsʼ
655:tʃʰ
556:t̪ʼ
521:t̪ʰ
404:Low
383:Mid
328:/ː/
226:in
189:IPA
141:ELP
117:peq
2349::
1737:,
1731:,
1727:,
1721:,
1695:,
914:.
888:.
869:.
629:tʃ
624:ts
570:kʼ
561:tʼ
551:pʼ
535:kʰ
526:tʰ
516:pʰ
483:t̪
306:.
1916:e
1909:t
1902:v
1005:e
998:t
991:v
929:.
899:.
873:.
793:l
770:j
759:w
739:n
732:m
720:h
711:ʃ
706:s
593:d
586:b
502:ʔ
497:k
488:t
478:p
411:a
395:o
390:e
374:u
369:i
209:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
