1119:
162:
2037:
1400:. First, the combined arms formations, divisions and armies, would be reorganised, and as a result division numbers would be reduced almost by half; second, tank regiments would be removed from all the motor rifle (mechanised infantry) divisions in East Germany and Czechoslovakia, and tank divisions would also lose a tank regiment; air assault and river crossing units would be removed from both Eastern Germany and Czechoslovakia; fourth, defensive systems and units would rise in number under the new divisional organisation; and finally the troop level in the European part of the USSR would drop by 200,000, and by 60,000 in the southern part of the country. A number of motor-rifle formations would be converted into machine gun and artillery forces intended for defensive purposes only. Three-quarters of the troops in Mongolia would be withdrawn and disbanded, including all the air force units there.
843:
864:. About three-quarters were motor rifle divisions and the remainder tank divisions. There were also a large number of artillery divisions, separate artillery brigades, engineer formations, and other combat support formations. However, only relatively few formations were fully war ready. By 1983, Soviet divisions were divided into either "Ready" or "Not Ready" categories, each with three subcategories. The internal military districts usually contained only one or two fully Ready divisions, with the remainder lower strength formations. The Soviet system anticipated a war preparation period which would bring the strength of the Ground Forces up to about three million.
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and doctrinal evolution of the Soviet and
Russian Armies from 1946 through 2009 within the broad context of vital political, economic, and social developments and a wide range of important international and national occurrences. Its intent is to foster further informed discussion of the subject. Each of the article's sub-sections portrays military developments in the Soviet or Russian Armies during one of the eight postwar periods Soviet and Russian military scholars, themselves, routinely identify as distinct stages in the development and evolution of their Armed Forces.
1611:
1130:, 7,000 artillery guns, over 5,000 anti-aircraft guns, 158 surface-to-air missile launchers, and 120 helicopters. During the war, the Soviets sent North Vietnam annual arms shipments worth $ 450 million. From July 1965 to the end of 1974, fighting in Vietnam was observed by some 6,500 officers and generals, as well as more than 4,500 soldiers and sergeants of the Soviet Armed Forces. In addition, Soviet military schools and academies began training Vietnamese soldiers—in all more than 10,000 military personnel.
45:
1118:
1346:
198:
1088:, North Vietnam's southern headquarters. Using airspeed and direction, COSVN analysts would calculate the bombing target and tell any assets to move "perpendicularly to the attack trajectory." These advance warnings gave them time to move out of the way of the bombers, and, while the bombing runs caused extensive damage, because of the early warnings from 1968 to 1970 they did not kill a single military or civilian leader in the headquarters complexes.
728:". The Main Command was reformed in 1955. On February 24, 1964, the Defense Council of the Soviet Union decided to disband the Ground Forces Main Command, with almost the same wording as in 1950 (the corresponding order of the USSR Minister of Defense on disbandment was signed on March 7, 1964). Its functions were transferred to the General Staff, while the chiefs of the combat arms and specialised forces came under the direct command of the
214:
442:
1423:(CIS). Soviet President Gorbachev resigned on 25 December 1991; the next day, the Supreme Soviet dissolved itself, officially dissolving the USSR on 26 December 1991. During the next 18 months, inter-republican political efforts to transform the Army of the Soviet Union into the CIS Armed Forces failed; eventually, the forces stationed in the republics formally became the militaries of the respective republican governments.
1603:
911:
857:, "rule of the grandfathers", which destroyed the status of most NCOs. Instead the Soviet system relied very heavily on junior officers. Soviet Armed Forces life could be "grim and dangerous": a Western researcher talking to former Soviet officers was told, in effect that this was because they did not "value human life".
942:
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David M. Glantz (2010) The
Development of the Soviet and Russian Armies in Context, 1946–2008: A Chronological and Topical Outline, The Journal of Slavic Military Studies, Volume 23, No.1, 2010, 27–235, DOI: 10.1080/13518040903578429. This chronological and topical outline describes the institutional
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From 1947 to 1989, Western intelligence agencies estimated that the Soviet Ground Forces' strength remained c. 2.8 million to c. 5.3 million men. In 1989 the Ground Forces had two million men. To maintain those numbers, Soviet law required a three-year military service obligation from every
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Gorbachev slowly reduced the size of the Armed Forces, including through a unilateral force reduction announcement of 500,000 in
December 1988. A total of 50,000 personnel were to come from Eastern Europe, the forces in Mongolia (totaling five divisions and 75,000 troops) were to be reduced, but the
1242:
The cost for the military due to the war is estimated to have been roughly 15 billion rubles in 1989. The combat casualties estimates at 30,000–35,000. During 1984–1985, more than 300 aircraft were lost, and thus a significant military cost of the war is attributed to air operations. Since the first
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with its
Eastern European socialist allies, solidifying military coordination between Soviet forces and their socialist counterparts. The Ground Forces created and directed the Eastern European armies in its image for the remainder of the Cold War, shaping them for a potential confrontation with the
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recruit foreigners within high-level diplomatic circles among the
Western-allies of the US, under a clandestine program known as "B12,MM" which produced thousands of high-level documents for nearly a decade, including targets of B-52 strikes. In 1975, the SIGINT services had broken information from
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remainder was to come from units inside the Soviet Union. There were major problems encountered in trying to organise the return of 500,000 personnel into civilian life, including where the returned soldiers were to live, housing, jobs, and training assistance. Then the developing withdrawals from
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government took power in a 1978 coup and initiated a series of radical modernization reforms throughout the country. Vigorously suppressing any opposition from among the traditional Muslim
Afghans, the government arrested thousands and executed as many as 27,000 political prisoners. By April 1979
1469:, compared to 24 SSM brigades with over 900 missile vehicles under Russian Ground Forces' control, some in other former Soviet republics. By the end of 1992, most remnants of the Soviet Army in former Soviet Republics had disbanded or dispersed. Forces garrisoned in Eastern Europe (including the
1221:
While the Soviet government initially hoped to secure
Afghanistan's towns and road networks, stabilize the communist regime, and withdraw from the region within the span of one year, they experienced major difficulties in the region, due to rough terrain and fierce guerrilla resistance. Soviet
1246:
The Soviet Army also suffered from deep losses in morale and public approval due to the conflict and its failure. Many injured and disabled veterans of the war returned to the Soviet Union facing public scrutiny and difficulty re-entering civilian society, creating a new social group known as
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Within the Soviet Union, the troops and formations of the Ground Forces were divided among the military districts. There were 32 of them in 1945. Sixteen districts remained from the mid-1970s to the end of the USSR (see table). Yet, the greatest Soviet Army concentration was in the
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in July 1946. By
September 1946, the army decreased from 5 million soldiers to 2.7 million in the Soviet Union and from 2 million to 1.5 million in Europe. Four years later the Main Command was disbanded, an organisational gap that "probably was associated in some manner with the
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treaty began to create more disruption. The withdrawals became extremely chaotic; there was significant hardship for officers and their families, and "large numbers of weapons and vast stocks of equipment simply disappeared through theft, misappropriation and the black market."
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and about a tenth that number of tank formations. Their war experience gave the
Soviets such faith in tank forces that the infantry force was cut significantly. A total of 130 rifle divisions were disbanded in the Groups of Forces in Eastern Europe in summer 1945, as well as
926:
3505:
75:
906:
89:, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Knowledge.
1229:
realized the economic, diplomatic, and human toll the war was placing on the Soviet Union, he announced the withdrawal of six regiment of troops (about 7,000 men) on 28 July 1986. In
January 1988 Foreign Minister
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large parts of the country were in open rebellion and by December the government had lost control of territory outside of the cities. In response to Afghan government requests, the Soviet government under leader
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3381:
161:
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Lee, Rensselaer (1999) Smuggling Armageddon: The Nuclear Black Market in the Former Soviet Union and Europe. New York: St. Martin's Press, cited in Hamm, Crimes Committed by Terrorist Groups, 2011, p8.
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able man of military age, until 1967, when the Ground Forces reduced it to a two-year draft obligation. By the 1970s, the change to a two-year system seems to have created the hazing practice known as
954:
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in 1957 for opposing these reductions in the Ground Forces. Nonetheless, Soviet forces possessed too few theater-level nuclear weapons to fulfill war-plan requirements until the mid-1980s. The
1153:
program. These programs were pivotal in detecting and defeating CIA and South Vietnamese commando teams sent into North Vietnam, as they were detected and captured. The Soviets helped the
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supplied North Vietnam with medical supplies, arms, tanks, planes, helicopters, artillery, anti-aircraft missiles and other military equipment. Soviet crews fired Soviet-made
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presence would reach near 115,000 troops by the mid-1980s, and the complications of the war increased, causing a high amount of military, economic, and political cost. After
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4152:
1488:, comprising the bulk of what was left of the Soviet Armed Forces. The last vestiges of the old Soviet command structure were finally dissolved in June 1993, when the paper
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to supervise three southern military districts. Western analysts expected these new headquarters to control multiple Fronts in time of war, and usually a Soviet Navy Fleet.
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reported in 1992 that the USSR had previously had over 20,000 tanks, 30,000 armoured combat vehicles, at least 13,000 artillery pieces, and just under 1,500 helicopters.
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of the late war period were converted to tank divisions, and from 1957 the rifle divisions were converted to motor rifle divisions (MRDs). MRDs had three motorized rifle
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announced that it was hoped that "1988 would be the last year of the Soviet troops stay"; the forces pulled out in the bitter winter cold of January–February 1989.
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maintained plans to invade Western Europe whose massive scale was only made publicly available after German researchers gained access to files of the East German
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year, the government spend roughly 2.5–3.0% of the yearly military budget on funding the war in Afghanistan, increasing steadily in cost until its peak in 1986.
3551:, 'Warsaw Pact Military Doctrines in the 1970s and 1980s: Findings in the East German Archives,' Comparative Strategy, October–December 1993, pp. 437–457.
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rule in 1945 remained in place to secure pro-Soviet régimes in Eastern Europe and to protect against attack from Europe. Elsewhere, they may have assisted the
57:
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Established by decree on 15 (28) January 1918 "to protect the population, territorial integrity and civil liberties in the territory of the Soviet state."
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in 1991, a considerable number of weapons were transferred to the national forces of emerging states on the periphery of the former Soviet Union, such as
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894:. In September 1984, three more were established to control multi-Front operations in Europe (the Western and South-Western Strategic Directions) and at
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2036:
1141:(SIGINT) capabilities of the North Vietnamese, through an operation known as Vostok (also known as Phương Đông, meaning "Orient" and named after the
1037:. The Soviets believed it would be strategic to the Soviet Union to support Korea's growth directly. When northern Korea eventually wished to invade
1434:
divided their assets among themselves. The divide mostly occurred along a regional basis, with Soviet soldiers from Russia becoming part of the new
92:
Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.
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traveled to Moscow to gain approval from Stalin. It was granted with full support, leading to the full-scale invasion of South Korea on June 25.
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the necessity of Soviet help in building infrastructure and industry in northern Korea. Additionally, the Soviets aided in the creation of the
3650:
689:, and by the end of 1946, another 193 rifle divisions ceased to exist. Five or more rifle divisions disbanded contributed to the formation of
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The British Garrison Berlin 1945 - 1994: nowhere to go ... a pictorial historiography of the British Military occupation / presence in Berlin
3816:
1619:
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Some Russian sources give more specific numbers: Between 1953 and 1991, the hardware donated by the Soviet Union included 2,000 tanks, 1,700
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guerrilla resistance. Between 850,000 and 1.5 million civilians were killed and millions of Afghans fled the country as refugees, mostly to
1966:
1962:
335:
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were reduced from about 11.3 million to about 2.8 million men, a demobilisation controlled first, by increasing the number of
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to 33, then reduced to 21 in 1946. The personnel strength of the Ground Forces was reduced from 9.8 million to 2.4 million.
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1474:
861:
555:
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In 1990 and 1991, the Soviet Ground Forces were estimated to possess the following equipment. The 1991 estimates are drawn from the
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to depose President Gorbachev. Commanders despatched tanks into Moscow, yet the coup failed. On 8 December 1991, the presidents of
1579:. A 1999 book argued that the greatest opportunity for terrorist organizations to procure weapons was in the former Soviet Union.
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Legends and reality of the AK: a behind-the-scenes look at the history, design, and impact of the Kalashnikov family of weapons
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Soviet anti-air instructors and North Vietnamese crewmen in the spring of 1965 at an anti-aircraft training center in Vietnam
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in 1989. Some of these items were sold on the black market or through weapons merchants, whereof, in turn, some ended up in
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From 1985 to 1991, General Secretary Gorbachev attempted to reduce the strain the Soviet Armed Forces placed on the USSR's
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1970:
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first sent covert troops to advise and support the Afghan government, but, on December 24, 1979, began the first
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Content in this edit is translated from the existing Russian Knowledge article at ]; see its history for attribution.
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became Commander-in-Chief of the Ground Forces on 31 August 1991, and remained in that post until 30 November 1996.
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gave vital early warnings to PAVN/VC forces in South Vietnam. The Soviet intelligence ships would pick up American
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on the northeast Chinese coast until 1955. Control was then handed over to the new Chinese communist government.
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until it was formally abolished on 14 February 1992. The Soviet Ground Forces were principally succeeded by the
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In the next few years, the former Soviet Ground Forces withdrew from central and Eastern Europe (including the
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Western US-allies in Saigon, determining that the US would not intervene to save South Vietnam from collapse.
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estimated that out of the 500 million total firearms available worldwide, 100 million were of the
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appointed himself as the new Russian minister of defence, marking a crucial step in the creation of the new
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From the 1950s to the 1980s the branches ("rods") of the Ground Forces included the Motor Rifle Troops; the
1980:
4,500 helicopters as of 1 June 1991, including some 2,050 armed helicopters, of which 340 were reported as
1974:
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To establish and secure the USSR's eastern European geopolitical interests, Red Army troops who liberated
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officials acknowledged that the Soviet Union had stationed up to 3,000 troops in Vietnam during the war.
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in Moscow, January 1992, a few weeks after the dissolution of the USSR. He is wearing the Soviet winter
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This article is about the Soviet Army between 1946 and 1991. For the Soviet Army from 1918 to 1946, see
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3531:"Crimes Committed by Terrorist Groups: Theory, Research and Prevention | Office of Justice Programs"
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The Armed Forces of the USSR after World War II: From the Red Army to the Soviet: Part 1 Land Forces
3382:"Post-Conflict Transitions Working Paper No. 10.: Weaponomics: The Global Market for Assault Rifles"
3038:"A bitter harvest: Soviet intervention in Afghanistan and its effects on Afghan political movements"
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830:(1969) prompted establishment of a 16th military district, the Central Asian Military District, at
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2893:"The Soviet-Vietnamese Intelligence Relationship during the Vietnam War: Cooperation and Conflict"
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2695:, "Warsaw Pact Military Doctrines in the 1970s and 1980s: Findings in the East German Archives",
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2052:, #5 Education, #6 Main specialty, #7 Marital status. (Document number and the name are removed)
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8,000 rocket artillery pieces, of which about 2,330 were inside the CFE treaty area, including
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Military Headquarters was reorganized as a staff for facilitating CIS military cooperation.
883:). On 8 February 1979, the first of the new High Commands, for the Far East, was created at
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Autopsy on an Empire: The American Ambassador's Account of the Collapse of the Soviet Union
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2012:
helicopters, including "Hip-G" and "Hip-K"; 680 general-purpose helicopters including 600
8:
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2120:
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light amphibious tanks as of 1 June 1991, including about 410 inside the CFE treaty area.
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The Bleeding Wound: The Soviet War in Afghanistan and the Collapse of the Soviet System
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2337:"Strategy, Diplomacy, and the Cold War: The United States, Turkey, and NATO, 1945–1952"
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2009:
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in 1965. Over a dozen Soviet soldiers lost their lives in this conflict. Following the
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Soviet Army conscript's military service book.#1, Place of birth,#2 Nationality (i.e.
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A U.S. assessment of the seven most important items of Soviet combat equipment in 1981
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3898:"The Readiness of Soviet Ground Forces, Interagency Intelligence Memorandum 82-10012"
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became Chief of the Soviet Ground Forces in March 1946, but was quickly succeeded by
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1594:. However, only about 5 million of these were manufactured in the former USSR.
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was appointed Commander-in-Chief of Ground Forces with effect from 5 November 1967.
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1251:". These men would become influential in popular culture and politics of the time.
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2455:, Agency Voeninform of the Defence Ministry of the Russian Federation (2007) p. 14
1336:(dissolved in 1988 with the Volga and Urals Military Districts merged around 1991)
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Education of the Soviet Soldier: Party-Political Work in the Soviet Armed Forces
2859:"Soviet rocketeer: After our arrival in Vietnam, American pilots refused to fly"
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Soviet Army T-72A tanks during the 1983 October Revolution celebration in Moscow
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first in traditional Soviet order of precedence; the Ground Forces, second; the
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1567:. Similarly, weapons and other military equipment were also left behind in the
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in Russian territory; beyond, many units and formations were taken over by the
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3507:Вооруженные силы СССР после Второй Мировой войны: от Красной Армии к Советской
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3514:] (in Russian). Tomsk: Scientific and Technical Literature Publishing.
3163:"Afghan guerrillas' fierce resistance stalemates Soviets and puppet regime"
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1446:. As a result, the bulk of the Soviet Ground Forces, including most of the
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732:. The Main Command was then recreated again in November 1967. Army General
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The Land Forces Main Command was created for the first time in March 1946.
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Alien Wars: The Soviet Union's Aggressions Against the World, 1919 to 1989
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Changing Orders: The Evolution of the World's Armies, 1945 to the Present
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2766:"Ciphered Telegram No. 9849, Gromyko to the Soviet Ambassador, Pyongyang"
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sketches some of the fates of the individual parts of the Ground Forces.
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A Safeguard of Peace. Soviet Armed Forces: History, Foundations, Mission
2396:(2005). "The main command of the Ground Forces: history and modernity".
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to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is
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position of commander of ground forces did not exist from 1964 to 1967
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position of commander of ground forces did not exist from 1950 to 1955
1461:. 1992 estimates showed five SSM brigades with 96 missile vehicles in
1084:. Their airspeed and direction would be noted and then relayed to the
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and six tank battalions; tank divisions had the proportions reversed.
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in December 1991, the Ground Forces remained under the command of the
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Feskov, V.I.; Golikov, V.I.; Kalashnikov, K.A.; Slugin, S.A. (2013).
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2005:
2001:
1993:
1989:
1985:
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3803:. Washington, D.C.: Library Of Congress. Federal Research Division.
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2017:
2013:
1997:
1981:
1958:
1943:
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about 28,000 armoured infantry fighting vehicles (AIFV), including
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31:
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12,000 towed anti-aircraft guns estimated in 1989. Types included
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made up of around four armies (and roughly equivalent to Western
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8,000 reconnaissance vehicles as of 1 June 1991 including 2,500
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Roy Allison, "Military Forces in the Soviet Successor States,"
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Soviet Armed Forces 1945-1991: Organisation and Order of Battle
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The Armed Forces were extensively involved in the 19–21 August
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1996:"Havocs;" some 1,510 transport, of which 450 were reported as
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from 1946 to 1992. In English it was often referred to as the
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US tanks and Soviet tanks at Checkpoint Charlie, October 1961
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Airborne Assault Formations of the Ground Forces of the USSR
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of 1968. In 1969, in the far east of the Soviet Union, the
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690:
591:
234:
3676:
The Russian Elite: inside Spetsnaz and the Airborne Forces
3483:
The Soviet Army in the Years of the 'Cold War' (1945–1991)
3430:
3198:
The Russian elite: inside Spetsnaz and the airborne forces
2630:
2580:
2470:
2458:
2307:
957:; the Chemical Troops; and the Rear of the Ground Forces.
27:
Land warfare branch of the Soviet Armed Forces (1946–1992)
2961:"Afghanistan: Demographic Consequences of War: 1978–1987"
2786:
Truong, Nhu Tang; Chanoff, David; Doan, Van-Toai (1985).
2482:
2431:
2374:
1954:
1591:
1134:
2745:"Cable No. 121973, Meretskov and Shytkov to Cde. Stalin"
860:
By the middle of the 1980s, the Ground Forces contained
3311:
3275:
2790:. San Diego: Harcourt, Brace, Jovanovich. p. 168.
2551:"Warsaw Pact: Division Categorization DIA IAPPR 102-83"
2506:
1636:
data exchange which revealed figures of November 1990.
3591:
International Institute for Strategic Studies (1987).
3568:
International Institute for Strategic Studies (1991).
3555:
International Institute for Strategic Studies (1992).
2044:), #3 Party affiliation (i.e. the year of joining the
1810:
about 9,000 self-propelled howitzers, including 2,751
1473:) gradually returned home between 1992 and 1994. This
1419:
formally dissolved the USSR, and then constituted the
1185:
Prior to the arrival of Soviet troops, the pro-Soviet
1170:
to prop up its puppet government, provoking a 10-year
3712:
Scott, Harriet Fast; Scott, William Fontaine (1979).
3481:
Feskov, V.I.; K.A. Kalashnikov; V.I. Golikov (2004).
2666:
2642:
2421:
2419:
2181:
1430:, the Ground Forces dissolved and the fifteen Soviet
905:, from April 1956 to March 1964; Air Assault Troops (
585:
570:
Ground Forces of the Armed Forces of the Soviet Union
4196:
Military units and formations disestablished in 1991
2453:
Armed Forces of the Russian Federation – Land Forces
2264:
705:
and a tank regiment, for a total of ten motor rifle
82:
78:
a machine-translated version of the Russian article.
3416:Valerii N. Shilin; Charlie Cutshaw (1 March 2000).
3354:
3352:
3350:
3335:
3299:
3287:
2930:. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press.
1741:. Over 16,500 AIFV were inside the CFE treaty area.
693:convoy divisions, some used for escorting Japanese
3713:
3330:International Institute for Strategic Studies 1992
3251:Konovalov, Valerii. "Afghan Veterans in Siberia".
3005:Le génocide Khmer Rouge: une analyse démographique
2826:
2654:
2575:International Institute for Strategic Studies 1987
2518:
2416:
2335:
2223:International Institute for Strategic Studies 1991
1340:
824:Warsaw Pact intervention against the Prague Spring
4191:Military units and formations established in 1946
3067:
3065:
2785:
1465:and 12 SSM brigades with 204 missile vehicles in
260:4,129,506 reserve (1991), peak 17,383,291 in 1945
4172:
3768:Red Alert: Structure of Soviet Infantry Regiment
3347:
3231:"The Costs of Soviet Involvement in Afghanistan"
3009:The Khmer Rouge genocide: A demographic analysis
2549:Defense Intelligence Agency (6 September 1983).
2530:
2299:sfn error: no target: CITEREFFeskov_et_al_2013 (
2276:
2026:Stockholm International Peace Research Institute
257:3,668,075 active (1991), peak 14,332,483 in 1945
2058:Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Ground Forces
2032:Commanders-in-Chief of the Soviet Ground Forces
1751:33,000 towed artillery pieces, including 4,379
1001:following the dissolution of the Soviet Union.
3940:WW2 Soviet Army tank crew uniform and insignia
3651:The Russian Ground Forces and Reform 1992–2002
3644:. New Haven and London: Yale University Press.
3391:. Oxford University. p. 3. Archived from
3062:
2824:
2814:. historicaltextarchive.com. Associated Press.
2779:
194:
107:accompanying your translation by providing an
69:Click for important translation instructions.
56:expand this article with text translated from
3960:
3896:Central Intelligence Agency (November 1982).
3817:International Institute for Strategic Studies
3720:. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press. p.
3678:. Greenhill Books/Lionel Leventhal, Limited.
3029:
2294:
2238:World War II Soviet Armed Forces (3): 1944–45
2169:
1620:List of equipment of the Soviet Ground Forces
1546:
1259:The extent military districts in 1990 were:
932:
814:. In 1958, Soviet troops were withdrawn from
573:
549:
285:
279:
151:
3503:
3480:
2636:
2624:
2586:
2464:
2318:
1664:, and a further 16,000 in store east of the
1195:
977:, reduced the Ground Forces to build up the
607:Until 25 February 1946, it was known as the
336:Eastern European anti-Communist insurgencies
3805:For sale by the Supt. of Docs., U.S. G.P.O.
3797:Zickel, Raymond E; Keefe, Eugene K (1991).
3796:
3436:
2476:
4206:1991 disestablishments in the Soviet Union
3967:
3953:
3881:. English-language Soviet book put out by
3868:. English-language Soviet book put out by
3711:
3454:"Post Cold War Security in and for Europe"
2775:– via Wilson Center Digital Archive.
2754:– via Wilson Center Digital Archive.
2488:
2440:
2392:
2380:
2330:
1351:2nd Guards Tamanskaya Motor Rifle Division
960:In 1955, the Soviet Union established the
798:. East European Groups of Forces were the
556:
542:
440:
160:
3692:
3673:
3379:
3269:
3194:
3002:
2996:
2890:
2708:
1457:(SSM) forces, became incorporated in the
1438:, while Soviet soldiers originating from
943:ru:Армейская авиация Российской Федерации
762:in suppressing anti-Soviet resistance in
3697:. London: Headline Book Publishing PLC.
3135:"How Soviet troops stormed Kabul palace"
2923:
2035:
1609:
1601:
1344:
1117:
1052:
975:General Secretary of the Communist Party
841:
822:in Czechoslovakia was established after
4201:1946 establishments in the Soviet Union
3765:
3756:
3738:
3612:
3341:
3043:. Penn State University. Archived from
3035:
2958:
2952:
2812:"Soviet Involvement in the Vietnam War"
2648:
2410:
2270:
1389:outlined five major planned changes in
955:Air Defence Troops of the Ground Forces
875:of four to five divisions operating in
14:
4173:
3606:Weapons and Tactics of the Soviet Army
2886:
2884:
2882:
2880:
2861:(in Russian). rus.ruvr. Archived from
2712:The North Korean revolution, 1945-1950
2234:
366:Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia
313:Over 70,000 armored personnel carriers
3948:
3822:
3774:
3770:. New York: Safar Publishing on File.
3448:
3250:
3107:"Timeline: Soviet war in Afghanistan"
2282:
1480:In mid-March 1992, Russian President
1254:
667:
3974:
3865:The Armed Forces of the Soviet Union
3636:
3603:
3528:
3358:
3317:
3305:
3293:
3281:
2825:Sarin, Oleg; Dvoretsky, Lev (1996).
2715:. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
2699:, October–December 1993, pp. 437–457
2672:
2660:
2598:
2524:
2512:
2500:
2425:
2145:Military history of the Soviet Union
1161:
525:Military history of the Soviet Union
38:
3648:
3642:The Collapse of the Soviet Military
3099:
3075:Jihad: The Trail of Political Islam
2877:
2536:
2123:, January 1989 until 30 August 1991
1644:as of 1 June 1991, including 5,400
1385:In February 1989, Defence Minister
1214:, and installing a rival socialist
794:, which suppressed the anti-Soviet
618:(army) was often used to cover the
24:
3809:
2891:Pribbenow, Merle (December 2014).
2446:
2150:Military ranks of the Soviet Union
1569:Soviet withdrawal from Afghanistan
1490:Commonwealth of Independent States
1421:Commonwealth of Independent States
967:North Atlantic Treaty Organization
646:Commonwealth of Independent States
509:Military ranks of the Soviet Union
25:
4217:
3889:
3380:Killicoat, Phillip (April 2007).
2235:Thomas, Nigel (20 January 2013).
1624:list of tanks of the Soviet Union
1237:
985:capabilities. He removed Marshal
934:Ракетные войска и артиллерия СССР
916:, from 1968 to August 1990); the
792:Group of Soviet Forces in Germany
530:History of Russian military ranks
316:24,000 infantry fighting vehicles
119:{{Translated|ru|Советская армия}}
3829:. Berlin: Vergangenheitsverlag (
3655:Conflict Studies Research Centre
3253:Radio Liberty Report on the USSR
2599:Holm, Michael (1 January 2015).
1632:Military Balance and follow the
1377:and the changes implicit in the
1309:Transcaucasian Military District
1304:North Caucasus Military District
1086:Central Office for South Vietnam
981:, emphasizing the armed forces'
867:Soviet planning for most of the
796:Uprising of 1953 in East Germany
680:the Red Army had over 500 rifle
212:
196:
43:
3474:
3442:
3410:
3373:
3364:
3244:
3223:
3188:
3155:
3127:
2917:
2851:
2818:
2804:
2758:
2737:
2702:
2678:
2592:
2542:
2386:
2343:The Journal of American History
1553:dissolution of the Soviet Union
1428:dissolution of the Soviet Union
1405:1991 Soviet coup d'état attempt
1341:Dissolution of the Soviet Union
1334:Central Asian Military District
1109:dissolution of the Soviet Union
774:. Soviet troops, including the
401:1991 Soviet coup d'état attempt
3766:Tsouras, Vladyslav B. (2024).
2709:Armstrong, Charles K. (2003).
2601:"High Command of the Far East"
2324:
2255:
2228:
2162:
1206:on December 27, they staged a
1060:(left) was the Soviet Union's
1048:
517:History of the Soviet Military
322:9,000 self-propelled howitzers
117:You may also add the template
13:
1:
4027:
4020:Army of the Tsardom of Russia
3998:
3935:Soviet Armed Forces 1945–1991
3800:Soviet Union: a country study
2689:Seven Days to the River Rhine
2192:
2140:Formations of the Soviet Army
1686:as of 1 June 1991, including
1670:Conventional Forces in Europe
1634:Conventional Forces in Europe
1475:list of Soviet Army divisions
1379:Conventional Forces in Europe
1329:Far Eastern Military District
1324:Transbaikal Military District
1299:Volga-Urals Military District
1269:Belorussian Military District
1004:
587:Sovetskiye sukhoputnye voyska
319:33,000 towed artillery pieces
3716:The armed forces of the USSR
3608:. Jane's Publishing Company.
3595:. Tavistock Street, London:
3593:The Military Balance 1987-88
3572:. Tavistock Street, London:
3570:The Military Balance 1991-92
3559:. Tavistock Street, London:
3557:The Military Balance 1992–93
2959:Khalidi, Noor Ahmad (1991).
1899:tactical ballistic missiles.
1597:
1279:Carpathian Military District
1145:). The Vostok program was a
1137:had also helped develop the
1103:, which were shot down over
812:Hungarian Revolution of 1956
687:2nd Guards Airborne Division
501:Ranks of the Soviet Military
346:Hungarian Revolution of 1956
291:"For our Soviet Motherland!"
7:
4048:Toy army of Peter the Great
3238:Central Intelligence Agency
3078:. I.B.Tauris. p. 138.
2833:. Presidio Press. pp.
2555:Central Intelligence Agency
2400:. No. 7. pp. 3–8.
2182:
2133:
2048:), #4 Year of entering the
1672:treaty area, types unknown.
1590:, and 75 million were
1314:Turkestan Military District
1264:Leningrad Military District
1155:Ministry of Public Security
1009:The Red Army advanced into
922:Rocket Forces and Artillery
837:
828:Sino-Soviet border conflict
714:Marshal of the Soviet Union
586:
361:Sino-Soviet border conflict
287:Za nashu Sovetskuyu Rodinu!
286:
10:
4222:
3761:. New York: Facts on File.
3757:Tsouras, Peter G. (1994).
3489:: Tomsk University Press.
2503:, pp. 47–48, 286–289.
2055:
1946:army air defense vehicles.
1881:multiple rocket launchers.
1684:armored personnel carriers
1617:
1547:Post-dissolution influence
1455:surface-to-surface missile
1319:Siberian Military District
1202:. Arriving in the capital
1166:In 1979, the Soviet Union
1031:North Korean People's Army
81:Machine translation, like
29:
4143:
4118:
4093:
4075:
4056:
4010:
3980:
3923:Soviet Army rank insignia
3693:Schofield, Carey (1991).
3674:Schofield, Carey (1993).
3195:Schofield, Carey (1993).
3167:Christian Science Monitor
3003:Sliwinski, Marek (1995).
2982:10.1080/02634939108400750
2241:. Bloomsbury Publishing.
2170:
1729:, about a total of 3,000
1349:A Russian soldier of the
1035:Korean People's Air Force
1013:in 1945 after the end of
933:
574:
413:
408:
329:
310:About 55,000 tanks (1991)
303:
295:
281:За нашу Советскую Родину!
280:
275:
267:
250:
240:
230:
187:
179:
171:
159:
152:
150:
145:
58:the corresponding article
3036:Bennett, Andrew (1999).
2685:Parallel History Project
2155:
1294:Moscow Military District
1289:Odessa Military District
1274:Baltic Military District
1224:Soviet general secretary
1210:, killing the president
945:), until December 1990;
804:Southern Group of Forces
800:Northern Group of Forces
4043:Army of Peter the Great
3823:Durie, William (2012).
3604:Isby, David C. (1988).
3437:Zickel & Keefe 1991
2477:Zickel & Keefe 1991
2352:Oxford University Press
2105:Ivan Pavlovsky, 1967–80
1442:became part of the new
1097:surface-to-air missiles
1064:during the Vietnam War.
979:Strategic Rocket Forces
871:period would have seen
820:Central Group of Forces
739:From 1945 to 1948, the
620:Strategic Rocket Forces
462:Strategic Rocket Forces
128:For more guidance, see
3982:Principality of Moscow
3745:Inside the Soviet Army
3695:Inside the Soviet Army
3332:, pp. 72, 86, 96.
3072:Kepel, Gilles (2002).
3015:. pp. 42–43, 48.
2489:Scott & Scott 1979
2441:Scott & Scott 1979
2381:Scott & Scott 1979
2053:
1844:Soviet Airborne Forces
1615:
1607:
1575:organizations such as
1358:
1284:Kiev Military District
1123:
1065:
999:National People's Army
903:Soviet Airborne Forces
847:
4066:Imperial Russian Army
3782:. London: Ian Allan.
3657:. D67. Archived from
3649:Orr, Michael (2003).
3201:. London: Greenhill.
2924:Ro'i, Yaacov (2022).
2039:
1807:field/anti-tank guns.
1618:Further information:
1613:
1605:
1525:Russian Ground Forces
1459:Russian Ground Forces
1436:Russian Ground Forces
1348:
1121:
1056:
845:
810:, which put down the
614:In Russian, the term
130:Knowledge:Translation
101:copyright attribution
2969:Central Asian Survey
2697:Comparative Strategy
2413:, pp. 121, 172.
2297:, pp. 146, 147.
2066:, from 21 March 1946
1992:; some experimental
1486:Russian Armed Forces
1396:the Soviet official
1139:signals intelligence
1068:Soviet ships in the
969:(NATO). After 1956,
766:(1941–1955) and the
351:Cuban Missile Crisis
4085:Russian Army (1917)
4037:New Order Regiments
3883:Progress Publishers
3875:A.Y. Kheml (1972).
3870:Progress Publishers
3661:on 19 December 2010
3320:, pp. 305–346.
3284:, pp. 273–278.
3272:, pp. 236–237.
3011:] (in French).
2515:, pp. 290–291.
2394:Kormiltsev, Nikolai
2121:Valentin Varennikov
1444:Kazakh Armed Forces
1398:newspaper of record
1232:Eduard Shevardnadze
1187:Nur Mohammad Taraki
1168:invaded Afghanistan
1147:counterintelligence
862:about 210 divisions
802:in Poland, and the
741:Soviet Armed Forces
730:Minister of Defence
599:Soviet Armed Forces
434:Soviet Armed Forces
396:Revolutions of 1989
386:Ethiopian Civil War
166:Soviet Army cockade
4161:1992–present
4145:Russian Federation
3143:. 27 December 2009
3115:. 17 February 2009
2865:on 17 January 2013
2332:P. Leffler, Melvyn
2054:
2010:electronic warfare
1932:Tor missile system
1920:Buk missile system
1616:
1608:
1588:Kalashnikov family
1359:
1255:Military districts
1124:
1113:Russian Federation
1066:
887:in Buryatia under
848:
745:military districts
668:After World War II
658:post-Soviet states
654:Russian Federation
630:, fourth, and the
624:Air Defence Forces
483:Air Defence Forces
109:interlanguage link
4168:
4167:
4095:Russian Civil War
4012:Tsardom of Russia
3910:on 1 January 2015
3840:978-3-86408-068-5
3789:978-0-7110-1442-8
3780:Soviet land power
3731:978-0-89158-276-2
3629:978-0-679-41376-9
3452:(December 1992).
3426:978-1-58160-069-8
3420:. Paladin Press.
3236:. United States:
3022:978-2-7384-3525-5
2937:978-1-5036-2874-8
2844:978-0-89141-421-6
2797:978-0-15-193636-6
2788:A Vietcong memoir
2722:978-0-8014-6880-3
2691:, 1979. See also
2637:Feskov et al 2004
2627:, pp. 91–93.
2625:Feskov et al 2013
2587:Feskov et al 2013
2553:. United States:
2465:Feskov et al 2013
2319:Feskov et al 2013
2295:Feskov et al 2013
2248:978-1-84908-635-6
2183:Sovetskaya armiya
2180:
2127:Vladimir Semyonov
2115:Yevgeny Ivanovsky
2085:Rodion Malinovsky
2000:; 1,000 Mi-8; 50
1642:main battle tanks
1227:Mikhail Gorbachev
1172:Afghan mujahideen
1162:Soviet-Afghan War
971:Nikita Khrushchev
584:
575:сухопутные войска
566:
565:
425:
424:
391:Soviet–Afghan War
376:Angolan Civil War
141:
140:
70:
66:
16:(Redirected from
4213:
4186:Disbanded armies
4153:CIS Armed Forces
4077:Russian Republic
4032:
4029:
4003:
4000:
3975:Armies of Russia
3969:
3962:
3955:
3946:
3945:
3919:
3917:
3915:
3909:
3903:. Archived from
3902:
3852:
3804:
3793:
3771:
3762:
3753:
3735:
3719:
3708:
3689:
3670:
3668:
3666:
3645:
3638:Odom, William E.
3633:
3622:. Random House.
3614:Matlock, Jack F.
3609:
3600:
3587:
3564:
3549:Heuser, Beatrice
3545:
3543:
3541:
3525:
3500:
3468:
3467:
3465:
3463:
3458:
3446:
3440:
3434:
3428:
3414:
3408:
3407:
3405:
3403:
3397:
3386:
3377:
3371:
3368:
3362:
3356:
3345:
3339:
3333:
3327:
3321:
3315:
3309:
3303:
3297:
3291:
3285:
3279:
3273:
3267:
3261:
3260:
3248:
3242:
3241:
3235:
3227:
3221:
3220:
3192:
3186:
3185:
3183:
3181:
3159:
3153:
3152:
3150:
3148:
3131:
3125:
3124:
3122:
3120:
3103:
3097:
3096:
3094:
3092:
3069:
3060:
3059:
3057:
3055:
3049:
3042:
3033:
3027:
3026:
3000:
2994:
2993:
2965:
2956:
2950:
2949:
2921:
2915:
2914:
2912:
2910:
2905:on 12 April 2019
2904:
2898:. Archived from
2897:
2888:
2875:
2874:
2872:
2870:
2855:
2849:
2848:
2832:
2822:
2816:
2815:
2808:
2802:
2801:
2783:
2777:
2776:
2774:
2772:
2762:
2756:
2755:
2753:
2751:
2741:
2735:
2734:
2706:
2700:
2693:Heuser, Beatrice
2682:
2676:
2675:, p. 72–80.
2670:
2664:
2658:
2652:
2646:
2640:
2634:
2628:
2622:
2616:
2615:
2613:
2611:
2596:
2590:
2584:
2578:
2572:
2566:
2565:
2563:
2561:
2546:
2540:
2534:
2528:
2522:
2516:
2510:
2504:
2498:
2492:
2486:
2480:
2474:
2468:
2462:
2456:
2450:
2444:
2438:
2429:
2423:
2414:
2408:
2402:
2401:
2398:Military History
2390:
2384:
2378:
2372:
2371:
2339:
2334:(1 March 1985).
2328:
2322:
2316:
2305:
2304:
2292:
2286:
2280:
2274:
2268:
2262:
2259:
2253:
2252:
2232:
2226:
2220:
2186:
2185:
2175:
2173:
2172:
2166:
2008:heavy; 200 Mi-8
1836:152 mm SpGH DANA
1432:successor states
1023:Terentii Shtykov
1019:Kirill Meretskov
936:
935:
930:
915:
695:prisoners of war
589:
579:
577:
576:
558:
551:
544:
444:
430:
429:
371:War of Attrition
289:
283:
282:
218:
216:
215:
206:
202:
200:
199:
183:14 February 1992
175:25 February 1946
164:
155:
154:
143:
142:
120:
114:
87:Google Translate
68:
64:
47:
46:
39:
21:
4221:
4220:
4216:
4215:
4214:
4212:
4211:
4210:
4171:
4170:
4169:
4164:
4139:
4114:
4089:
4071:
4068:1721–1917
4052:
4030:
4006:
4001:
3992:1380–1698
3976:
3973:
3913:
3911:
3907:
3900:
3892:
3841:
3819:, London, 1993.
3812:
3810:Further reading
3790:
3740:Suvorov, Viktor
3732:
3705:
3686:
3664:
3662:
3630:
3584:
3539:
3537:
3522:
3497:
3477:
3472:
3471:
3461:
3459:
3456:
3447:
3443:
3435:
3431:
3415:
3411:
3401:
3399:
3395:
3384:
3378:
3374:
3369:
3365:
3357:
3348:
3340:
3336:
3328:
3324:
3316:
3312:
3304:
3300:
3292:
3288:
3280:
3276:
3268:
3264:
3249:
3245:
3233:
3229:
3228:
3224:
3209:
3193:
3189:
3179:
3177:
3161:
3160:
3156:
3146:
3144:
3133:
3132:
3128:
3118:
3116:
3105:
3104:
3100:
3090:
3088:
3086:
3071:
3070:
3063:
3053:
3051:
3050:on 14 June 2007
3047:
3040:
3034:
3030:
3023:
3001:
2997:
2963:
2957:
2953:
2938:
2922:
2918:
2908:
2906:
2902:
2895:
2889:
2878:
2868:
2866:
2857:
2856:
2852:
2845:
2823:
2819:
2810:
2809:
2805:
2798:
2784:
2780:
2770:
2768:
2764:
2763:
2759:
2749:
2747:
2743:
2742:
2738:
2723:
2707:
2703:
2683:
2679:
2671:
2667:
2659:
2655:
2647:
2643:
2635:
2631:
2623:
2619:
2609:
2607:
2597:
2593:
2585:
2581:
2573:
2569:
2559:
2557:
2547:
2543:
2535:
2531:
2523:
2519:
2511:
2507:
2499:
2495:
2487:
2483:
2475:
2471:
2463:
2459:
2451:
2447:
2439:
2432:
2424:
2417:
2409:
2405:
2391:
2387:
2379:
2375:
2360:10.2307/1888505
2329:
2325:
2317:
2308:
2298:
2293:
2289:
2281:
2277:
2269:
2265:
2260:
2256:
2249:
2233:
2229:
2221:
2200:
2195:
2190:
2189:
2171:Советская армия
2167:
2163:
2158:
2136:
2060:
2034:
1924:S-300 (missile)
1842:(including for
1626:
1600:
1549:
1343:
1257:
1240:
1212:Hafizullah Amin
1192:Leonid Brezhnev
1164:
1070:South China Sea
1058:Leonid Brezhnev
1051:
1007:
951:Engineer Troops
924:
909:
840:
768:Forest Brothers
764:Western Ukraine
670:
642:ceased to exist
562:
479:
428:
415:
325:
290:
284:
263:
226:
213:
211:
197:
195:
167:
153:Советская армия
137:
136:
135:
118:
112:
71:
65:(February 2014)
48:
44:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4219:
4209:
4208:
4203:
4198:
4193:
4188:
4183:
4166:
4165:
4163:
4162:
4156:
4149:
4147:
4141:
4140:
4138:
4137:
4131:
4124:
4122:
4116:
4115:
4113:
4112:
4106:
4099:
4097:
4091:
4090:
4088:
4087:
4081:
4079:
4073:
4072:
4070:
4069:
4062:
4060:
4058:Russian Empire
4054:
4053:
4051:
4050:
4045:
4040:
4034:
4022:
4016:
4014:
4008:
4007:
4005:
4004:
3993:
3986:
3984:
3978:
3977:
3972:
3971:
3964:
3957:
3949:
3943:
3942:
3937:
3932:
3925:
3920:
3891:
3890:External links
3888:
3887:
3886:
3873:
3860:Andrei Grechko
3857:
3853:
3839:
3820:
3811:
3808:
3807:
3806:
3794:
3788:
3776:Urban, Mark L.
3772:
3763:
3754:
3736:
3730:
3709:
3703:
3690:
3684:
3671:
3646:
3634:
3628:
3610:
3601:
3588:
3582:
3576:for the IISS.
3565:
3552:
3546:
3526:
3520:
3501:
3495:
3476:
3473:
3470:
3469:
3441:
3439:, p. 708.
3429:
3409:
3398:on 9 July 2016
3372:
3363:
3346:
3334:
3322:
3310:
3308:, p. 161.
3298:
3296:, p. 278.
3286:
3274:
3270:Schofield 1991
3262:
3243:
3222:
3207:
3187:
3154:
3126:
3098:
3084:
3061:
3028:
3021:
2995:
2976:(3): 101–126.
2951:
2936:
2916:
2876:
2850:
2843:
2817:
2803:
2796:
2778:
2757:
2736:
2721:
2701:
2677:
2665:
2653:
2641:
2629:
2617:
2591:
2579:
2567:
2541:
2529:
2517:
2505:
2493:
2491:, p. 305.
2481:
2479:, p. 705.
2469:
2457:
2445:
2443:, p. 176.
2430:
2415:
2403:
2385:
2383:, p. 142.
2373:
2323:
2321:, p. 119.
2306:
2287:
2275:
2263:
2254:
2247:
2227:
2197:
2196:
2194:
2191:
2188:
2187:
2160:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2153:
2152:
2147:
2142:
2135:
2132:
2131:
2130:
2124:
2118:
2112:
2109:Vasiliy Petrov
2106:
2103:
2100:
2097:Vasily Chuikov
2094:
2091:Andrei Grechko
2088:
2082:
2076:
2073:
2067:
2056:Main article:
2033:
2030:
2022:
2021:
2004:heavy; and 10
1978:
1947:
1928:9K35 Strela-10
1900:
1882:
1851:
1808:
1787:howitzers and
1749:
1742:
1715:
1680:
1673:
1666:Ural Mountains
1599:
1596:
1548:
1545:
1371:Czechoslovakia
1342:
1339:
1338:
1337:
1331:
1326:
1321:
1316:
1311:
1306:
1301:
1296:
1291:
1286:
1281:
1276:
1271:
1266:
1256:
1253:
1239:
1238:Military costs
1236:
1163:
1160:
1050:
1047:
1011:northern Korea
1006:
1003:
947:Signals Troops
937:, from 1961);
839:
836:
834:, Kazakhstan.
778:, remained at
752:eastern Europe
734:Ivan Pavlovsky
669:
666:
595:service branch
572:(Russian:
564:
563:
561:
560:
553:
546:
538:
535:
534:
533:
532:
527:
519:
518:
514:
513:
512:
511:
503:
502:
498:
497:
496:
495:
490:
485:
480:
478:
477:
472:
466:
464:
459:
451:
450:
446:
445:
437:
436:
426:
423:
422:
417:
411:
410:
406:
405:
404:
403:
398:
393:
388:
383:
378:
373:
368:
363:
358:
353:
348:
343:
338:
331:
327:
326:
324:
323:
320:
317:
314:
311:
307:
305:
301:
300:
299:Red and yellow
297:
293:
292:
277:
273:
272:
269:
265:
264:
262:
261:
258:
254:
252:
248:
247:
242:
238:
237:
232:
228:
227:
225:
224:
208:
191:
189:
185:
184:
181:
177:
176:
173:
169:
168:
165:
157:
156:
148:
147:
139:
138:
134:
133:
126:
115:
93:
90:
79:
72:
53:
52:
51:
49:
42:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4218:
4207:
4204:
4202:
4199:
4197:
4194:
4192:
4189:
4187:
4184:
4182:
4179:
4178:
4176:
4160:
4159:Ground Forces
4157:
4155:1991–93
4154:
4151:
4150:
4148:
4146:
4142:
4136:1946–92
4135:
4132:
4130:1922–46
4129:
4126:
4125:
4123:
4121:
4117:
4111:1918–22
4110:
4107:
4105:1918–23
4104:
4101:
4100:
4098:
4096:
4092:
4086:
4083:
4082:
4080:
4078:
4074:
4067:
4064:
4063:
4061:
4059:
4055:
4049:
4046:
4044:
4041:
4039:1648–98
4038:
4035:
4026:
4023:
4021:
4018:
4017:
4015:
4013:
4009:
3997:
3994:
3991:
3988:
3987:
3985:
3983:
3979:
3970:
3965:
3963:
3958:
3956:
3951:
3950:
3947:
3941:
3938:
3936:
3933:
3931:
3930:
3926:
3924:
3921:
3906:
3899:
3894:
3893:
3884:
3880:
3879:
3874:
3871:
3867:
3866:
3861:
3858:
3854:
3850:
3846:
3842:
3836:
3832:
3828:
3827:
3821:
3818:
3814:
3813:
3802:
3801:
3795:
3791:
3785:
3781:
3777:
3773:
3769:
3764:
3760:
3755:
3751:
3747:
3746:
3741:
3737:
3733:
3727:
3723:
3718:
3717:
3710:
3706:
3704:0-7472-0418-7
3700:
3696:
3691:
3687:
3685:9781853671555
3681:
3677:
3672:
3660:
3656:
3652:
3647:
3643:
3639:
3635:
3631:
3625:
3621:
3620:
3615:
3611:
3607:
3602:
3599:for the IISS.
3598:
3594:
3589:
3585:
3583:0-08-041324-2
3579:
3575:
3571:
3566:
3563:for the IISS.
3562:
3558:
3553:
3550:
3547:
3536:
3532:
3529:Hamm (2011).
3527:
3523:
3521:9785895035306
3517:
3513:
3509:
3508:
3502:
3498:
3496:5-7511-1819-7
3492:
3488:
3484:
3479:
3478:
3455:
3451:
3445:
3438:
3433:
3427:
3423:
3419:
3413:
3394:
3390:
3383:
3376:
3367:
3360:
3355:
3353:
3351:
3343:
3338:
3331:
3326:
3319:
3314:
3307:
3302:
3295:
3290:
3283:
3278:
3271:
3266:
3258:
3254:
3247:
3239:
3232:
3226:
3218:
3214:
3210:
3208:1-85367-155-X
3204:
3200:
3199:
3191:
3176:
3172:
3168:
3164:
3158:
3142:
3141:
3136:
3130:
3114:
3113:
3108:
3102:
3087:
3085:9781845112578
3081:
3077:
3076:
3068:
3066:
3046:
3039:
3032:
3024:
3018:
3014:
3010:
3006:
2999:
2991:
2987:
2983:
2979:
2975:
2971:
2970:
2962:
2955:
2947:
2943:
2939:
2933:
2929:
2928:
2920:
2901:
2894:
2887:
2885:
2883:
2881:
2864:
2860:
2854:
2846:
2840:
2836:
2831:
2830:
2821:
2813:
2807:
2799:
2793:
2789:
2782:
2767:
2761:
2746:
2740:
2732:
2728:
2724:
2718:
2714:
2713:
2705:
2698:
2694:
2690:
2686:
2681:
2674:
2669:
2663:, p. 69.
2662:
2657:
2651:, p. 36.
2650:
2645:
2639:, p. 21.
2638:
2633:
2626:
2621:
2606:
2602:
2595:
2589:, p. 90.
2588:
2583:
2577:, p. 34.
2576:
2571:
2556:
2552:
2545:
2538:
2533:
2527:, p. 48.
2526:
2521:
2514:
2509:
2502:
2497:
2490:
2485:
2478:
2473:
2467:, p. 99.
2466:
2461:
2454:
2449:
2442:
2437:
2435:
2428:, p. 39.
2427:
2422:
2420:
2412:
2407:
2399:
2395:
2389:
2382:
2377:
2369:
2365:
2361:
2357:
2353:
2349:
2345:
2344:
2338:
2333:
2327:
2320:
2315:
2313:
2311:
2302:
2296:
2291:
2284:
2279:
2273:, p. 51.
2272:
2267:
2258:
2250:
2244:
2240:
2239:
2231:
2225:, p. 37.
2224:
2219:
2217:
2215:
2213:
2211:
2209:
2207:
2205:
2203:
2198:
2184:
2178:
2168:Russian:
2165:
2161:
2151:
2148:
2146:
2143:
2141:
2138:
2137:
2128:
2125:
2122:
2119:
2116:
2113:
2110:
2107:
2104:
2101:
2098:
2095:
2092:
2089:
2086:
2083:
2080:
2077:
2074:
2071:
2068:
2065:
2064:Georgy Zhukov
2062:
2061:
2059:
2051:
2047:
2043:
2038:
2029:
2027:
2019:
2015:
2011:
2007:
2003:
1999:
1995:
1991:
1987:
1983:
1979:
1976:
1972:
1968:
1964:
1960:
1957:-1/2/4, 57mm
1956:
1952:
1948:
1945:
1941:
1937:
1936:9K22 Tunguska
1933:
1929:
1925:
1921:
1917:
1916:9K31 Strela-1
1913:
1909:
1905:
1901:
1898:
1894:
1890:
1889:OTR-21 Tochka
1886:
1883:
1880:
1876:
1872:
1868:
1864:
1860:
1856:
1852:
1849:
1845:
1841:
1837:
1833:
1829:
1825:
1821:
1817:
1813:
1809:
1806:
1802:
1798:
1794:
1790:
1786:
1782:
1778:
1774:
1770:
1766:
1762:
1758:
1754:
1750:
1747:
1743:
1740:
1736:
1732:
1728:
1724:
1720:
1716:
1713:
1709:
1705:
1701:
1697:
1693:
1689:
1685:
1681:
1678:
1674:
1671:
1667:
1663:
1659:
1655:
1651:
1648:/-M 9, 9,000
1647:
1643:
1640:about 54,400
1639:
1638:
1637:
1635:
1631:
1625:
1621:
1612:
1604:
1595:
1593:
1589:
1585:
1582:In 2007, the
1580:
1578:
1574:
1570:
1566:
1562:
1558:
1554:
1544:
1542:
1538:
1534:
1530:
1526:
1522:
1518:
1514:
1510:
1506:
1502:
1498:
1497:Baltic states
1493:
1491:
1487:
1483:
1482:Boris Yeltsin
1478:
1476:
1472:
1471:Baltic states
1468:
1464:
1460:
1456:
1453:
1449:
1445:
1441:
1437:
1433:
1429:
1424:
1422:
1418:
1414:
1410:
1406:
1401:
1399:
1395:
1393:
1388:
1383:
1380:
1376:
1372:
1366:
1364:
1356:
1352:
1347:
1335:
1332:
1330:
1327:
1325:
1322:
1320:
1317:
1315:
1312:
1310:
1307:
1305:
1302:
1300:
1297:
1295:
1292:
1290:
1287:
1285:
1282:
1280:
1277:
1275:
1272:
1270:
1267:
1265:
1262:
1261:
1260:
1252:
1250:
1244:
1235:
1233:
1228:
1225:
1219:
1217:
1216:Babrak Karmal
1213:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1188:
1183:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1159:
1156:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1136:
1131:
1129:
1120:
1116:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1089:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1046:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1027:Joseph Stalin
1025:explained to
1024:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1002:
1000:
996:
995:General Staff
992:
988:
987:Georgy Zhukov
984:
980:
976:
972:
968:
963:
958:
956:
952:
948:
944:
940:
939:Army Aviation
928:
923:
919:
913:
908:
904:
899:
897:
893:
892:Vasily Petrov
890:
886:
882:
878:
874:
870:
865:
863:
858:
856:
855:
844:
835:
833:
829:
825:
821:
817:
813:
809:
805:
801:
797:
793:
787:
785:
781:
777:
773:
772:Baltic states
770:in the three
769:
765:
761:
757:
753:
748:
746:
742:
737:
735:
731:
727:
722:
718:
717:Georgy Zhukov
715:
710:
708:
704:
700:
696:
692:
688:
683:
679:
675:
665:
663:
659:
655:
651:
650:Ground Forces
647:
643:
640:
635:
633:
629:
626:, third, the
625:
621:
617:
613:
611:
605:
604:
600:
596:
593:
588:
582:
571:
559:
554:
552:
547:
545:
540:
539:
537:
536:
531:
528:
526:
523:
522:
521:
520:
516:
515:
510:
507:
506:
505:
504:
500:
499:
494:
491:
489:
486:
484:
481:
476:
473:
471:
468:
467:
465:
463:
460:
458:
457:General Staff
455:
454:
453:
452:
448:
447:
443:
439:
438:
435:
432:
431:
427:Military unit
421:
420:Georgy Zhukov
418:
412:
407:
402:
399:
397:
394:
392:
389:
387:
384:
382:
379:
377:
374:
372:
369:
367:
364:
362:
359:
357:
354:
352:
349:
347:
344:
342:
339:
337:
334:
333:
332:
328:
321:
318:
315:
312:
309:
308:
306:
302:
298:
294:
288:
278:
274:
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54:You can help
50:
41:
40:
37:
33:
19:
4133:
4120:Soviet Union
3928:
3914:27 September
3912:. Retrieved
3905:the original
3876:
3863:
3825:
3799:
3779:
3767:
3758:
3743:
3715:
3694:
3675:
3663:. Retrieved
3659:the original
3641:
3618:
3605:
3592:
3569:
3556:
3538:. Retrieved
3534:
3511:
3506:
3482:
3475:Bibliography
3460:. Retrieved
3444:
3432:
3417:
3412:
3400:. Retrieved
3393:the original
3388:
3375:
3366:
3342:Matlock 1995
3337:
3325:
3313:
3301:
3289:
3277:
3265:
3256:
3252:
3246:
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3197:
3190:
3178:. Retrieved
3166:
3157:
3145:. Retrieved
3138:
3129:
3117:. Retrieved
3110:
3101:
3089:. Retrieved
3074:
3052:. Retrieved
3045:the original
3031:
3008:
3004:
2998:
2973:
2967:
2954:
2926:
2919:
2907:. Retrieved
2900:the original
2867:. Retrieved
2863:the original
2853:
2828:
2820:
2806:
2787:
2781:
2769:. Retrieved
2760:
2748:. Retrieved
2739:
2711:
2704:
2696:
2680:
2668:
2656:
2649:Suvorov 1982
2644:
2632:
2620:
2608:. Retrieved
2604:
2594:
2582:
2570:
2560:26 September
2558:. Retrieved
2544:
2539:, p. 1.
2532:
2520:
2508:
2496:
2484:
2472:
2460:
2452:
2448:
2411:Tsouras 1994
2406:
2397:
2388:
2376:
2347:
2341:
2326:
2290:
2278:
2271:Suvorov 1982
2266:
2257:
2237:
2230:
2164:
2023:
1710:, and 4,500
1682:over 50,000
1675:About 1,000
1627:
1581:
1550:
1537:Transnistria
1527:remained in
1517:Turkmenistan
1494:
1479:
1425:
1402:
1390:
1387:Dmitri Yazov
1384:
1367:
1360:
1258:
1245:
1241:
1220:
1184:
1165:
1132:
1125:
1101:F-4 Phantoms
1093:Soviet Union
1090:
1076:flying from
1074:B-52 bombers
1067:
1015:World War II
1008:
959:
900:
889:Army General
866:
859:
854:dedovshchina
852:
849:
788:
749:
738:
711:
678:World War II
671:
639:Soviet Union
636:
615:
608:
606:
603:Soviet Army.
602:
592:land warfare
569:
567:
474:
245:Land warfare
210:
204:Soviet Union
105:edit summary
96:
63:
55:
36:
4181:Soviet Army
4134:Soviet Army
4033:–1721
4031: 1550
4002: 1700
3996:Landed Army
3665:9 September
3535:www.ojp.gov
3013:L'Harmattan
1897:9K52 Luna-M
1668:beyond the
1652:L/M, 4,900
1049:Vietnam War
1043:Kim Il Sung
1039:South Korea
962:Warsaw Pact
925: [
918:Tank Troops
910: [
881:Army Groups
780:Port Arthur
632:Soviet Navy
475:Soviet Army
356:Vietnam War
330:Engagements
268:Nickname(s)
223:(1991–1992)
207:(1946–1991)
146:Soviet Army
18:Soviet army
4175:Categories
4103:White Army
3653:(Report).
3389:World Bank
3054:4 February
2946:1258040790
2283:Urban 1985
2193:References
2079:Ivan Konev
2070:Ivan Konev
1893:OTR-23 Oka
1584:World Bank
1565:Tajikistan
1561:Azerbaijan
1551:After the
1529:Tajikistan
1521:Kyrgyzstan
1513:Kazakhstan
1509:Uzbekistan
1501:Azerbaijan
1452:Scaleboard
1440:Kazakhstan
1426:After the
1196:deployment
1005:Korean War
726:Korean War
721:Ivan Konev
707:battalions
699:Tank Corps
637:After the
628:Air Forces
590:) was the
488:Air Forces
449:Components
416:commanders
409:Commanders
381:Ogaden War
341:Korean War
271:"Red Army"
60:in Russian
3849:978161722
3750:MacMillan
3597:Brassey's
3574:Brassey's
3561:Brassey's
3462:25 August
3359:Hamm 2011
3318:Odom 1998
3306:Odom 1998
3294:Odom 1998
3282:Odom 1998
3175:0882-7729
2731:605327300
2673:Odom 1998
2661:Odom 1998
2610:18 August
2525:Odom 1998
2513:Odom 1998
2501:Odom 1998
2426:Odom 1998
2177:romanized
2117:, 1985–89
2111:, 1980–85
2099:, 1960–64
2093:, 1957–60
2087:, 1956–57
2081:, 1955–56
2072:, 1946–50
2042:ethnicity
2006:Mil Mi-10
2002:Mil Mi-26
1994:Mil Mi-28
1990:Mil Mi-24
1986:Mil Mi-17
1963:25mm 72-K
1904:2K11 Krug
1660:, 10,600
1598:Equipment
1573:terrorist
1392:Izvestiya
1200:40th Army
1151:espionage
1111:in 1991,
1105:Thanh Hóa
1041:in 1950,
991:Politburo
989:from the
776:39th Army
703:regiments
682:divisions
581:romanized
304:Equipment
180:Disbanded
123:talk page
4128:Red Army
4109:Red Army
4025:Streltsy
3862:(1977).
3778:(1985).
3742:(1982).
3640:(1998).
3616:(1995).
3540:13 March
3217:28798156
3180:20 April
3140:BBC News
3119:22 March
3112:BBC News
2990:12317412
2771:20 April
2750:20 April
2537:Orr 2003
2134:See also
2050:Komsomol
2018:Mil Mi-8
2014:Mil Mi-2
1998:Mil Mi-6
1988:; 1,420
1982:Mil Mi-8
1959:AZP S-60
1944:ZSU-57-2
1940:ZSU-23-4
1912:9K33 Osa
1908:2K12 Kub
1814:, 2,325
1779:, 1,200
1775:, 1,693
1767:, 1,007
1759:, 1,700
1755:, 1,175
1656:, 8,500
1577:al-Qaeda
1357:uniform.
1355:Afghanka
1249:Afgantsy
1176:Pakistan
1143:Vostok 1
1099:at U.S.
885:Ulan-Ude
869:Cold War
838:Cold War
832:Alma-Ata
662:Caucasus
610:Red Army
470:Red Army
276:Motto(s)
99:provide
32:Red Army
3402:3 April
3091:14 July
2368:1888505
2354:: 811.
2016:and 80
1846:), and
1708:BTR-152
1662:T-54/55
1557:Armenia
1541:Moldova
1533:Georgia
1505:Armenia
1467:Ukraine
1463:Belarus
1417:Ukraine
1413:Belarus
1375:Hungary
1363:economy
1198:of the
1078:Okinawa
983:nuclear
816:Romania
808:Hungary
674:the end
652:of the
597:of the
414:Notable
188:Country
172:Founded
121:to the
103:in the
62:.
3847:
3837:
3786:
3728:
3701:
3682:
3626:
3580:
3518:
3493:
3424:
3259:(#21).
3215:
3205:
3173:
3147:1 July
3082:
3019:
2988:
2944:
2934:
2909:1 June
2869:26 May
2841:
2794:
2729:
2719:
2366:
2245:
1984:; 290
1973:, and
1942:, and
1934:, 130
1926:, 860
1918:, 300
1914:, 430
1910:, 950
1906:, 850
1902:1,350
1895:, and
1877:, and
1861:, 123
1857:, 818
1840:ASU-85
1834:, 108
1826:, 430
1822:, 347
1818:, 507
1803:, and
1783:, 478
1771:, 857
1763:, 598
1746:BRDM-2
1737:, and
1704:BTR-50
1696:BTR-60
1692:BTR-70
1688:BTR-80
1523:. Now-
1415:, and
1409:Russia
1062:leader
953:; the
949:; the
920:; the
877:Fronts
873:Armies
818:. The
784:Dalian
697:. The
616:armiya
296:Colors
217:
201:
3990:Rynda
3908:(PDF)
3901:(PDF)
3510:[
3487:Tomsk
3457:(PDF)
3450:SIPRI
3396:(PDF)
3385:(PDF)
3234:(PDF)
3048:(PDF)
3041:(PDF)
3007:[
2964:(PDF)
2903:(PDF)
2896:(PDF)
2364:JSTOR
2350:(4).
2156:Notes
1975:KS-19
1951:ZU-23
1930:, 20
1922:, 70
1879:BM-14
1875:BM-25
1871:TOS-1
1867:BM-24
1865:, 18
1863:BM-30
1859:BM-27
1855:BM-21
1830:, 20
1777:ML-20
1739:BMD-3
1735:BMD-2
1731:BMD-1
1727:BMP-3
1723:BMP-2
1719:BMP-1
1712:MT-LB
1700:BTR-D
1677:PT-76
1204:Kabul
941:(see
929:]
914:]
754:from
83:DeepL
3916:2022
3845:OCLC
3835:ISBN
3784:ISBN
3726:ISBN
3699:ISBN
3680:ISBN
3667:2010
3624:ISBN
3578:ISBN
3542:2022
3516:ISBN
3491:ISBN
3464:2020
3422:ISBN
3404:2010
3213:OCLC
3203:ISBN
3182:2023
3171:ISSN
3149:2013
3121:2009
3093:2015
3080:ISBN
3056:2007
3017:ISBN
2986:PMID
2942:OCLC
2932:ISBN
2911:2018
2871:2010
2839:ISBN
2835:93–4
2792:ISBN
2773:2023
2752:2023
2727:OCLC
2717:ISBN
2612:2023
2562:2022
2301:help
2243:ISBN
2046:CPSU
2024:The
1971:52-K
1967:61-K
1885:Scud
1832:2S19
1805:BS-3
1801:T-12
1797:D-44
1793:D-48
1789:D-74
1781:M-30
1769:2A36
1765:2A65
1761:D-20
1757:M-46
1753:D-30
1658:T-62
1654:T-64
1650:T-72
1646:T-80
1630:IISS
1622:and
1592:AKMs
1563:and
1539:(in
1535:and
1519:and
1450:and
1448:Scud
1373:and
1208:coup
1180:Iran
1178:and
1149:and
1133:The
1128:APCs
1091:The
1082:Guam
1080:and
1033:and
1021:and
896:Baku
782:and
760:NKVD
756:Nazi
691:NKVD
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241:Role
235:Army
231:Type
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3722:142
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2356:doi
1955:ZPU
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