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propulsion module that permitted the Soyuz-TM to maneuver independently of the station, without the station making "mirror image" maneuvers to match unwanted translations introduced by earlier models' aft-mounted attitude control. It also used the baffles inside the tanks became structural, allowing
294:
in 1976, the Soyuz for crewed flights had the singular mission of supporting crewed space stations. The original Soyuz had a limited endurance when docked with a station, only about 60 to 90 days. There were two avenues for extending the duration of missions past this. The first avenue was to make
404:
When different companies/countries are involved, they are represented as well at on the Space
Committee. For Soyuz launches, the Ministry of Defense representative states that everything has been checked because all preparations at Baikonur are performed by the military. Independent assessment is
327:
It also increased the payload to 51.6° orbit by 200–250 kg and was able to return 70–90 kg more back to earth. Energia accomplished this by increasing the capabilities of the launch vehicle and decreasing the mass of the ship. The parachute system mass was decreased by 120 kg (40%)
362:
Classroom training is completed on Soyuz systems and required crew operations. Cosmonauts must pass an oral test on the material for certification. Training was also completed on Soyuz mockups and simulators. Two weeks before launch, after passing all the tests, the crew is flown to
Baikonur to
295:
upgrades to increase the Soyuz spacecraft's endurance. The Soyuz-T could last 120 days and the Soyuz-TM could last 180 days. The other was to use a
Visiting Expedition to fly a new Soyuz up to the station and depart with the spacecraft nearing the end of its rated endurance.
371:
The final decision to launch is made by the assembly company (General
Designer). There is a Space Committee formed of approximately 20 people headed by a 3-star General for Air and Space with the following representation:
405:
made by the
Central Institute of Machine Building for every flight. Cosmonauts had to get clearance from the Russian Medical Commission, the Institute of Biomedical Problems and the GCTC at the flight readiness Review.
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system that did not require the same orientation from the station and allowed measurements from a range of 200 km instead of the 30 km of the Igla.
53:
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The first launch of the spacecraft was the uncrewed Soyuz TM-1 on May 21, 1986, where it docked with the Mir space station. The final flight was
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space stations. The Soyuz spacecraft consisted of four parts, the
Orbital Module, the Descent Module and the Service Module.
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system that required continuous orientation with the station and had high fuel costs. The Soyuz-TM was upgraded with the
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The preliminary design was released in April 1981 and the main set of working documentation was released in early 1982.
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participate in a test at the launch site to go through all the steps associated with the launch.
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by using synthetic material for the slings and lightweight material for the parachute domes.
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RSC Energia: Concept Of
Russian Manned Space Navigation Development
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4132:"NASA Astronauts on Soyuz: Experience and Lessons for the Future"
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263:'Transport Modified') were fourth generation (1986–2002)
210:
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4160:
NASA Astronauts on Soyuz: Experience and
Lessons for the Future
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With the growth of orbital complexes, the Soyuz-T used the
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6023:
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268:
97:
93:
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251:
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3978:Space Adventures circum-lunar mission - details
344:
5907:
5660:
5646:
4189:
331:
3973:NASA - Russian Soyuz TMA Spacecraft Details
6159:List of Russian human spaceflight missions
5914:
5900:
5653:
5639:
4226:List of Russian human spaceflight missions
4196:
4182:
32:
6154:List of Soviet human spaceflight missions
4221:List of Soviet human spaceflight missions
16:Fourth-generation of the Soyuz spacecraft
353:
301:
5619:The † sign designates failed missions.
4073:
4015:
366:
6177:
4113:"Soyuz TM manned transport spacecraft"
4025:. NASA. pp. 53–59. Archived from
3996:
5929:government human spaceflight programs
5895:
5634:
4177:
389:Central Institute of Machine Building
5617:; exceptions are noted "(uncrewed)".
5609:Uncrewed missions are designated as
4152:
4150:
4148:
4107:
4105:
4103:
4069:
4067:
4065:
4063:
4203:
3968:OMWorld's ASTP Docking Trainer Page
423:
13:
6007:(incorporated into Salyut program)
3956:Mir Hardware Heritage (wikisource)
14:
6206:
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306:
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358:Soyuz TM control panel simulator
3997:Miller, Denise (30 July 2013).
3963:Information on Soyuz spacecraft
1739:Dissolution of the Soviet Union
668:Aleksandr Pavlovich Aleksandrov
633:Aleksandr Pavlovich Aleksandrov
5623:designates cancelled missions.
4157:OSMA Assessments Team (2010).
4123:
4090:"Soyuz TM (7K-STM) spacecraft"
4082:
4036:
3999:"What is the Soyzu Spacecraft"
3990:
267:used for ferry flights to the
253:Transportnyi Modifitsirovannyi
1:
6164:Cosmonaut ranks and positions
4274:Cosmonaut ranks and positions
3983:
285:
242:транспортный модифицированный
79:Russian Federal Space Agency
7:
6195:Vehicles introduced in 1986
3603:International Space Station
349:
345:Typical Flight for Soyuz-TM
341:further reduction in mass.
252:
131:Up to six months docked to
10:
6211:
4074:Portree, David S. (1995).
4016:Portree, David S. (1995).
3907:
418:
18:
6141:
6042:
5981:
5965:
5934:
5868:
5830:
5794:
5733:
5722:
5668:
5662:Soyuz spacecraft variants
5607:
5571:
5550:
5399:
5285:
5161:
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4784:
4598:
4572:
4546:
4521:
4409:
4300:
4291:
4280:
4234:
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408:
332:Propulsion/Service Module
292:Apollo-Soyuz Test project
241:
226:
216:
206:
201:
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182:
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155:
150:
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142:
138:
127:
117:
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108:
104:
84:
70:
59:
49:
45:
31:
19:Not to be confused with
6081:Martian Piloted Complex
5955:Russian Orbital Segment
4166:. NASA. pp. 12–13.
4130:OSMA Assessments Team.
336:It also featured a new
6149:List of Soyuz missions
4216:List of Soyuz missions
4049:. NASA. Archived from
3943:Mir Hardware Heritage
359:
4242:Soyuz (rocket family)
4078:. NASA. pp. 6–7.
4076:Mir Hardware Heritage
4019:Mir Hardware Heritage
3949:Mir Hardware Heritage
2825:Claudie André-Deshays
2762:Claudie André-Deshays
859:Aleksandr Aleksandrov
800:Aleksandr Aleksandrov
472:Uncrewed test flight
357:
302:Upgrades from Soyuz-T
4417:Zond lunar programme
4294:(by spacecraft type)
4044:"Soyuz ISS Missions"
3952:, NASA RP-1357, 1995
3946:David S.F. Portree,
3386:Jean-Pierre Haigneré
3335:Jean-Pierre Haigneré
2426:Aleksandr Viktorenko
2372:Aleksandr Viktorenko
2107:Jean-Pierre Haigneré
2044:Jean-Pierre Haigneré
2028:Alexander Poleshchuk
1993:Alexander Poleshchuk
1820:Aleksandr Viktorenko
1797:Klaus-Dietrich Flade
1769:Aleksandr Viktorenko
1737:In orbit during the
1730:Klaus-Dietrich Flade
1190:Aleksandr Viktorenko
1155:Aleksandr Viktorenko
602:Aleksandr Viktorenko
536:Aleksandr Viktorenko
367:For Flight Readiness
75:Soviet space program
39:Soyuz-TM spacecraft.
4252:Baikonur Cosmodrome
3739:Viktor M. Afanasyev
3680:Viktor M. Afanasyev
3601:First Soyuz to the
1588:Anatoly Artsebarsky
1534:Anatoly Artsebarsky
393:Ministry of Defense
28:
5524:(uncrewed landing)
4731:(uncrewed landing)
4247:Soyuz (spacecraft)
3763:Konstantin Kozeyev
3704:Konstantin Kozeyev
3272:Gennady I. Padalka
3221:Gennady I. Padalka
2974:Aleksandr Lazutkin
2923:Aleksandr Lazutkin
2513:11 September 1995
2142:Aleksandr Serebrov
2091:Aleksandr Serebrov
1284:Aleksandr Balandin
1249:Aleksandr Balandin
1202:Aleksandr Serebrov
1167:Aleksandr Serebrov
1073:Jean-Loup Chrétien
1007:Jean-Loup Chrétien
894:Abdul Ahad Mohmand
567:Aleksandr Laveykin
513:Aleksandr Laveykin
360:
202:Related spacecraft
26:
6185:Crewed spacecraft
6172:
6171:
6033:
6020:
6008:
5951:
5889:
5888:
5869:Other derivatives
5628:
5627:
5546:
5545:
5533:(uncrewed launch)
4746:(uncrewed launch)
4557:Soyuz 7K-LOK No.1
4532:Soyuz 7K-L1E No.1
4269:Soyuz abort modes
3905:
3904:
3859:10 November 2002
3855:Mark Shuttleworth
3803:Mark Shuttleworth
3304:20 February 1999
3253:28 February 1999
3025:19 February 1998
2892:10 February 1997
2715:2 September 1996
2680:21 February 1996
2614:29 February 1996
2560:3 September 1995
2497:Gennady Strekalov
2485:Vladimir Dezhurov
1366:Gennady Strekalov
1335:10 December 1990
1331:Gennady Strekalov
1218:11 February 1990
1171:19 February 1990
1136:5 September 1989
1023:26 November 1988
957:21 December 1988
863:7 September 1988
753:Anatoli Levchenko
703:21 December 1987
687:Anatoli Levchenko
637:29 December 1987
262:
250:
230:
229:
63:Soviet Union and
60:Country of origin
40:
6202:
6130:Space Stations:
6070:Interplanetary:
6031:
6018:
6006:
5949:
5916:
5909:
5902:
5893:
5892:
5728:
5655:
5648:
5641:
5632:
5631:
5551:Current missions
5534:
5525:
5481:
4989:
4889:
4819:
4747:
4732:
4671:
4367:
4322:
4317:Soyuz 7K-OK No.1
4298:
4297:
4286:
4198:
4191:
4184:
4175:
4174:
4168:
4167:
4165:
4154:
4143:
4142:
4136:
4127:
4121:
4120:
4109:
4098:
4097:
4086:
4080:
4079:
4071:
4058:
4057:
4055:
4048:
4040:
4034:
4033:
4031:
4024:
4013:
4007:
4006:
3994:
3927:
3918:
3892:
3891:
3880:
3879:
3868:
3867:
3852:
3851:
3840:
3839:
3828:
3827:
3800:
3799:
3788:
3787:
3776:
3775:
3760:
3759:
3751:Claudie Haigneré
3748:
3747:
3736:
3735:
3720:21 October 2001
3701:
3700:
3692:Claudie Haigneré
3689:
3688:
3677:
3676:
3661:31 October 2001
3654:
3653:
3642:
3641:
3633:Talgat Musabayev
3630:
3629:
3591:
3590:
3579:
3578:
3570:Talgat Musabayev
3567:
3566:
3547:William Shepherd
3544:
3543:
3532:
3531:
3520:
3519:
3504:31 October 2000
3491:Last mission to
3484:Aleksandr Kaleri
3481:
3480:
3469:
3468:
3449:Aleksandr Kaleri
3446:
3445:
3434:
3433:
3399:
3398:
3383:
3382:
3374:Viktor Afanasyev
3371:
3370:
3348:
3347:
3332:
3331:
3323:Viktor Afanasyev
3320:
3319:
3285:
3284:
3269:
3268:
3246:
3245:
3230:
3229:
3218:
3217:
3183:
3182:
3167:
3166:
3158:Talgat Musabayev
3155:
3154:
3132:
3131:
3116:
3115:
3107:Talgat Musabayev
3104:
3103:
3088:29 January 1998
3069:
3068:
3056:Pavel Vinogradov
3053:
3052:
3044:Anatoly Solovyev
3041:
3040:
3021:Pavel Vinogradov
3018:
3017:
3009:Anatoly Solovyev
3006:
3005:
2971:
2970:
2962:Vasili Tsibliyev
2959:
2958:
2936:
2935:
2920:
2919:
2911:Vasili Tsibliyev
2908:
2907:
2873:
2872:
2860:Aleksandr Kaleri
2857:
2856:
2845:
2844:
2822:
2821:
2809:Aleksandr Kaleri
2806:
2805:
2794:
2793:
2759:
2758:
2743:
2742:
2731:
2730:
2708:
2707:
2696:
2695:
2661:
2660:
2642:
2641:
2630:
2629:
2607:
2606:
2588:
2587:
2576:
2575:
2541:
2540:
2532:Anatoly Solovyev
2529:
2528:
2506:
2505:
2494:
2493:
2482:
2481:
2447:
2446:
2438:Yelena Kondakova
2435:
2434:
2423:
2422:
2400:
2399:
2384:Yelena Kondakova
2381:
2380:
2369:
2368:
2334:
2333:
2318:Talgat Musabayev
2315:
2314:
2306:Yuri Malenchenko
2303:
2302:
2287:4 November 1994
2283:Talgat Musabayev
2280:
2279:
2271:Yuri Malenchenko
2268:
2267:
2233:
2232:
2224:Viktor Afanasyev
2221:
2220:
2198:
2197:
2186:
2185:
2177:Viktor Afanasyev
2174:
2173:
2139:
2138:
2130:Vasili Tsibliyev
2127:
2126:
2111:14 January 1994
2104:
2103:
2088:
2087:
2079:Vasili Tsibliyev
2076:
2075:
2041:
2040:
2025:
2024:
2013:
2012:
1990:
1989:
1978:
1977:
1962:24 January 1993
1943:
1942:
1934:Anatoly Solovyev
1931:
1930:
1915:1 February 1993
1908:
1907:
1892:
1891:
1883:Anatoly Solovyev
1880:
1879:
1845:
1844:
1832:Aleksandr Kaleri
1829:
1828:
1817:
1816:
1794:
1793:
1781:Aleksandr Kaleri
1778:
1777:
1766:
1765:
1727:
1726:
1711:
1710:
1702:Alexander Volkov
1699:
1698:
1676:
1675:
1667:Toktar Aubakirov
1664:
1663:
1651:Alexander Volkov
1648:
1647:
1613:
1612:
1604:Toktar Aubakirov
1601:
1600:
1585:
1584:
1569:10 October 1991
1562:
1561:
1543:
1542:
1531:
1530:
1496:
1495:
1477:
1476:
1468:Viktor Afanasyev
1465:
1464:
1445:Toyohiro Akiyama
1442:
1441:
1426:
1425:
1417:Viktor Afanasyev
1414:
1413:
1398:2 December 1990
1382:Toyohiro Akiyama
1379:
1378:
1363:
1362:
1351:
1350:
1328:
1327:
1316:
1315:
1281:
1280:
1272:Anatoly Solovyev
1269:
1268:
1246:
1245:
1237:Anatoly Solovyev
1234:
1233:
1199:
1198:
1187:
1186:
1164:
1163:
1152:
1151:
1117:
1116:
1105:
1104:
1096:Alexander Volkov
1093:
1092:
1070:
1069:
1051:
1050:
1042:Alexander Volkov
1039:
1038:
1004:
1003:
985:
984:
973:
972:
950:
949:
938:
937:
929:Vladimir Lyakhov
926:
925:
891:
890:
882:Vladimir Lyakhov
879:
878:
856:
855:
844:
843:
835:Anatoly Solovyev
832:
831:
797:
796:
785:
784:
776:Anatoly Solovyev
773:
772:
750:
749:
731:
730:
719:
718:
684:
683:
665:
664:
653:
652:
630:
629:
611:
610:
599:
598:
564:
563:
545:
544:
533:
532:
510:
509:
498:
497:
482:5 February 1987
428:
427:
424:Table of Flights
386:General Designer
265:Soyuz spacecraft
257:
255:
245:
243:
38:
36:
29:
25:
6210:
6209:
6205:
6204:
6203:
6201:
6200:
6199:
6175:
6174:
6173:
6168:
6137:
6113:Tupolev Tu-2000
6038:
5977:
5961:
5930:
5920:
5890:
5885:
5864:
5826:
5790:
5729:
5720:
5669:Early programme
5664:
5659:
5629:
5624:
5618:
5603:
5572:Future missions
5567:
5542:
5532:
5523:
5479:
5395:
5281:
5157:
4987:
4969:
4887:
4858:
4827:
4813:
4780:
4745:
4730:
4669:
4594:
4568:
4542:
4517:
4414:
4405:
4365:
4320:
4293:
4287:
4278:
4230:
4207:
4205:Soyuz programme
4202:
4172:
4171:
4163:
4155:
4146:
4134:
4128:
4124:
4111:
4110:
4101:
4088:
4087:
4083:
4072:
4061:
4053:
4046:
4042:
4041:
4037:
4029:
4022:
4014:
4010:
3995:
3991:
3986:
3935:
3928:
3919:
3910:
3886:
3885:
3874:
3873:
3871:Sergei Zalyotin
3862:
3846:
3845:
3843:Roberto Vittori
3834:
3833:
3822:
3794:
3793:
3791:Roberto Vittori
3782:
3781:
3770:
3754:
3753:
3742:
3741:
3730:
3729:
3695:
3694:
3683:
3682:
3671:
3670:
3648:
3647:
3636:
3635:
3624:
3623:
3585:
3584:
3573:
3572:
3561:
3560:
3538:
3537:
3535:Sergei Krikalev
3526:
3525:
3514:
3513:
3475:
3474:
3472:Sergei Zalyotin
3463:
3462:
3440:
3439:
3437:Sergei Zalyotin
3428:
3427:
3393:
3392:
3388:
3377:
3376:
3365:
3364:
3355:28 August 1999
3342:
3341:
3337:
3326:
3325:
3314:
3313:
3279:
3278:
3274:
3263:
3262:
3240:
3239:
3235:
3224:
3223:
3212:
3211:
3202:13 August 1998
3177:
3176:
3172:
3170:Nikolai Budarin
3161:
3160:
3149:
3148:
3139:25 August 1998
3135:Léopold Eyharts
3126:
3125:
3121:
3119:Nikolai Budarin
3110:
3109:
3098:
3097:
3072:Léopold Eyharts
3063:
3062:
3058:
3047:
3046:
3035:
3034:
3012:
3011:
3000:
2999:
2965:
2964:
2953:
2952:
2943:14 August 1997
2930:
2929:
2925:
2914:
2913:
2902:
2901:
2867:
2866:
2862:
2851:
2850:
2839:
2838:
2816:
2815:
2811:
2800:
2799:
2788:
2787:
2778:17 August 1996
2753:
2752:
2748:
2737:
2736:
2734:Yuri Onufrienko
2725:
2724:
2702:
2701:
2699:Yuri Onufrienko
2690:
2689:
2655:
2654:
2647:
2636:
2635:
2624:
2623:
2601:
2600:
2593:
2582:
2581:
2570:
2569:
2544:Nikolai Budarin
2535:
2534:
2523:
2522:
2500:
2499:
2488:
2487:
2476:
2475:
2450:Valeri Polyakov
2441:
2440:
2429:
2428:
2417:
2416:
2394:
2393:
2386:
2375:
2374:
2363:
2362:
2353:3 October 1994
2328:
2327:
2320:
2309:
2308:
2297:
2296:
2274:
2273:
2262:
2261:
2227:
2226:
2215:
2214:
2201:Valeri Polyakov
2192:
2191:
2180:
2179:
2168:
2167:
2158:8 January 1994
2133:
2132:
2121:
2120:
2098:
2097:
2093:
2082:
2081:
2070:
2069:
2035:
2034:
2030:
2019:
2018:
2016:Gennadi Manakov
2007:
2006:
1984:
1983:
1981:Gennadi Manakov
1972:
1971:
1937:
1936:
1925:
1924:
1902:
1901:
1897:
1886:
1885:
1874:
1873:
1839:
1838:
1834:
1823:
1822:
1811:
1810:
1801:10 August 1992
1788:
1787:
1783:
1772:
1771:
1760:
1759:
1721:
1720:
1716:
1714:Sergei Krikalev
1705:
1704:
1693:
1692:
1670:
1669:
1658:
1657:
1653:
1642:
1641:
1632:2 October 1991
1607:
1606:
1595:
1594:
1590:
1579:
1578:
1556:
1555:
1548:
1546:Sergei Krikalev
1537:
1536:
1525:
1524:
1490:
1489:
1482:
1471:
1470:
1459:
1458:
1436:
1435:
1431:
1420:
1419:
1408:
1407:
1373:
1372:
1368:
1357:
1356:
1354:Gennady Manakov
1345:
1344:
1322:
1321:
1319:Gennady Manakov
1310:
1309:
1275:
1274:
1263:
1262:
1240:
1239:
1228:
1227:
1193:
1192:
1181:
1180:
1158:
1157:
1146:
1145:
1120:Valeri Polyakov
1111:
1110:
1108:Sergei Krikalev
1099:
1098:
1087:
1086:
1064:
1063:
1056:
1054:Sergei Krikalev
1045:
1044:
1033:
1032:
998:
997:
990:
979:
978:
967:
966:
953:Valeri Polyakov
944:
943:
932:
931:
920:
919:
910:29 August 1988
885:
884:
873:
872:
850:
849:
847:Viktor Savinykh
838:
837:
826:
825:
791:
790:
788:Viktor Savinykh
779:
778:
767:
766:
744:
743:
736:
725:
724:
713:
712:
678:
677:
670:
659:
658:
647:
646:
624:
623:
616:
605:
604:
593:
592:
558:
557:
550:
539:
538:
527:
526:
504:
503:
492:
491:
426:
421:
416:
411:
369:
352:
347:
334:
325:
309:
304:
288:
122:Low Earth orbit
41:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
6208:
6198:
6197:
6192:
6187:
6170:
6169:
6167:
6166:
6161:
6156:
6151:
6145:
6143:
6139:
6138:
6136:
6135:
6127:
6115:
6083:
6067:
6046:
6044:
6040:
6039:
6037:
6036:
6035:
6034:
6021:
6013:
6001:
5996:
5991:
5985:
5983:
5979:
5978:
5976:
5975:
5969:
5967:
5966:In development
5963:
5962:
5960:
5959:
5958:
5957:
5944:
5938:
5936:
5932:
5931:
5919:
5918:
5911:
5904:
5896:
5887:
5886:
5884:
5883:
5878:
5872:
5870:
5866:
5865:
5863:
5862:
5857:
5852:
5847:
5842:
5840:Progress 7K-TG
5836:
5834:
5828:
5827:
5825:
5824:
5819:
5814:
5809:
5804:
5798:
5796:
5792:
5791:
5789:
5788:
5783:
5778:
5773:
5768:
5763:
5758:
5753:
5748:
5743:
5737:
5735:
5731:
5730:
5723:
5721:
5719:
5718:
5713:
5708:
5703:
5698:
5693:
5688:
5683:
5678:
5672:
5670:
5666:
5665:
5658:
5657:
5650:
5643:
5635:
5626:
5625:
5608:
5605:
5604:
5602:
5601:
5600:
5599:
5591:
5590:
5589:
5584:
5575:
5573:
5569:
5568:
5566:
5565:
5560:
5554:
5552:
5548:
5547:
5544:
5543:
5541:
5540:
5535:
5526:
5517:
5512:
5507:
5502:
5497:
5492:
5487:
5482:
5473:
5468:
5463:
5458:
5452:
5447:
5442:
5437:
5432:
5427:
5422:
5417:
5412:
5406:
5404:
5403:(2016–present)
5397:
5396:
5394:
5393:
5388:
5383:
5378:
5373:
5368:
5363:
5358:
5353:
5348:
5343:
5338:
5333:
5328:
5323:
5318:
5313:
5308:
5303:
5298:
5292:
5290:
5283:
5282:
5280:
5279:
5274:
5269:
5264:
5259:
5254:
5249:
5244:
5239:
5234:
5229:
5224:
5219:
5214:
5209:
5204:
5199:
5194:
5189:
5184:
5179:
5174:
5168:
5166:
5159:
5158:
5156:
5155:
5150:
5145:
5140:
5135:
5130:
5125:
5120:
5115:
5110:
5105:
5100:
5095:
5090:
5085:
5080:
5075:
5070:
5065:
5060:
5055:
5050:
5045:
5040:
5035:
5030:
5025:
5020:
5015:
5010:
5005:
5000:
4995:
4990:
4980:
4978:
4971:
4970:
4968:
4967:
4962:
4957:
4952:
4947:
4942:
4937:
4931:
4926:
4920:
4915:
4910:
4905:
4900:
4895:
4890:
4881:
4876:
4869:
4867:
4860:
4859:
4857:
4856:
4850:
4844:
4838:
4836:
4829:
4828:
4826:
4825:
4820:
4807:
4802:
4797:
4791:
4789:
4782:
4781:
4779:
4778:
4773:
4768:
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4323:
4314:
4307:
4305:
4295:
4289:
4288:
4281:
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4271:
4266:
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4264:
4259:
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4232:
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4218:
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4209:
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4201:
4200:
4193:
4186:
4178:
4170:
4169:
4144:
4122:
4099:
4081:
4059:
4056:on 2011-12-02.
4035:
4032:on 2003-07-09.
4008:
3988:
3987:
3985:
3982:
3981:
3980:
3975:
3970:
3965:
3960:
3959:
3958:
3953:
3941:
3934:
3933:External links
3931:
3930:
3929:
3922:
3920:
3913:
3909:
3906:
3903:
3902:
3900:
3897:
3895:Yury Lonchakov
3883:Frank De Winne
3860:
3857:
3820:
3819:25 April 2002
3817:
3811:
3810:
3808:
3805:
3768:
3765:
3721:
3718:
3712:
3711:
3709:
3706:
3662:
3659:
3615:
3614:28 April 2001
3612:
3606:
3605:
3599:
3596:
3552:
3549:
3505:
3502:
3496:
3495:
3489:
3486:
3454:
3451:
3419:
3416:
3410:
3409:
3407:
3404:
3402:Sergei Avdeyev
3356:
3353:
3305:
3302:
3296:
3295:
3293:
3290:
3254:
3251:
3233:Sergei Avdeyev
3203:
3200:
3194:
3193:
3191:
3188:
3140:
3137:
3089:
3086:
3080:
3079:
3077:
3074:
3026:
3023:
2991:
2990:5 August 1997
2988:
2982:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2944:
2941:
2939:Reinhold Ewald
2893:
2890:
2884:
2883:
2881:
2878:
2876:Reinhold Ewald
2830:
2827:
2779:
2776:
2770:
2769:
2767:
2764:
2716:
2713:
2681:
2678:
2672:
2671:
2669:
2666:
2645:Sergei Avdeyev
2615:
2612:
2591:Sergei Avdeyev
2561:
2558:
2552:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2514:
2511:
2509:Norman Thagard
2467:
2466:14 March 1995
2464:
2458:
2457:
2455:
2452:
2408:
2407:22 March 1995
2405:
2354:
2351:
2345:
2344:
2342:
2339:
2288:
2285:
2253:
2250:
2244:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2206:
2203:
2159:
2156:
2150:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2112:
2109:
2061:
2058:
2052:
2051:
2049:
2046:
1998:
1995:
1963:
1960:
1954:
1953:
1951:
1948:
1946:Sergei Avdeyev
1916:
1913:
1911:Michel Tognini
1895:Sergei Avdeyev
1865:
1862:
1856:
1855:
1853:
1850:
1848:Michel Tognini
1802:
1799:
1751:
1750:17 March 1992
1748:
1742:
1741:
1735:
1732:
1684:
1683:25 March 1992
1681:
1679:Franz Viehböck
1633:
1630:
1624:
1623:
1621:
1618:
1616:Franz Viehböck
1570:
1567:
1516:
1513:
1507:
1506:
1504:
1501:
1450:
1447:
1399:
1396:
1390:
1389:
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1384:
1336:
1333:
1301:
1300:1 August 1990
1298:
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1291:
1289:
1286:
1254:
1253:9 August 1990
1251:
1219:
1216:
1210:
1209:
1207:
1204:
1172:
1169:
1137:
1134:
1128:
1127:
1125:
1122:
1078:
1077:27 April 1989
1075:
1024:
1021:
1015:
1014:
1012:
1009:
976:Vladimir Titov
958:
955:
911:
908:
902:
901:
899:
896:
864:
861:
817:
814:
808:
807:
805:
802:
758:
755:
722:Vladimir Titov
704:
701:
695:
694:
692:
689:
656:Yuri Romanenko
638:
635:
614:Muhammed Faris
584:
581:
575:
574:
572:
569:
548:Muhammed Faris
518:
515:
501:Yuri Romanenko
483:
480:
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451:
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398:
395:
390:
387:
384:
379:
368:
365:
351:
348:
346:
343:
333:
330:
324:
323:Descent Module
321:
308:
307:Orbital Module
305:
303:
300:
287:
284:
228:
227:
224:
223:
218:
214:
213:
208:
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203:
199:
198:
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184:
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159:Out of service
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119:
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113:Specifications
110:
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86:
82:
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72:
68:
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61:
57:
56:
51:
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43:
42:
37:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6207:
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6190:Soyuz program
6188:
6186:
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6086:Spaceplanes:
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5777:
5776:Soyuz 7K-T/A9
5774:
5772:
5769:
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5764:
5762:
5761:Soyuz 7K-T/AF
5759:
5757:
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5299:
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5296:Soyuz TMA-01M
5294:
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5278:
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4329:
4327:
4324:
4318:
4315:
4312:
4309:
4308:
4306:
4303:
4299:
4296:
4292:Past missions
4290:
4285:
4275:
4272:
4270:
4267:
4263:
4260:
4258:
4255:
4254:
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3850:
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3838:
3832:
3831:Yuri Gidzenko
3826:
3821:
3818:
3816:
3813:
3812:
3809:
3806:
3804:
3798:
3792:
3786:
3780:
3779:Yuri Gidzenko
3774:
3769:
3766:
3764:
3758:
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3530:
3524:
3523:Yuri Gidzenko
3518:
3512:
3510:
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3501:
3498:
3497:
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3453:16 June 2000
3452:
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2865:
2861:
2855:
2849:
2848:Valery Korzun
2843:
2837:
2835:
2831:
2829:2 March 1997
2828:
2826:
2820:
2814:
2810:
2804:
2798:
2797:Valery Korzun
2792:
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2700:
2694:
2688:
2686:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2674:
2673:
2670:
2667:
2665:
2664:Thomas Reiter
2659:
2653:
2651:
2646:
2640:
2634:
2633:Yuri Gidzenko
2628:
2622:
2620:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2610:Thomas Reiter
2605:
2599:
2597:
2592:
2586:
2580:
2579:Yuri Gidzenko
2574:
2568:
2566:
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2029:
2023:
2017:
2011:
2005:
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1999:
1997:22 July 1993
1996:
1994:
1988:
1982:
1976:
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1968:
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1864:27 July 1992
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1577:
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1568:
1566:
1565:Helen Sharman
1560:
1554:
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1541:
1535:
1529:
1523:
1521:
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1514:
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1502:
1500:
1499:Helen Sharman
1494:
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1177:
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1156:
1150:
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1129:
1126:
1123:
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1115:
1109:
1103:
1097:
1091:
1085:
1083:
1079:
1076:
1074:
1068:
1062:
1060:
1055:
1049:
1043:
1037:
1031:
1029:
1025:
1022:
1020:
1017:
1016:
1013:
1010:
1008:
1002:
996:
994:
989:
983:
977:
971:
965:
963:
959:
956:
954:
948:
942:
941:Abdul Mohmand
936:
930:
924:
918:
916:
912:
909:
907:
904:
903:
900:
897:
895:
889:
883:
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871:
869:
865:
862:
860:
854:
848:
842:
836:
830:
824:
822:
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815:
813:
810:
809:
806:
803:
801:
795:
789:
783:
777:
771:
765:
763:
759:
757:17 June 1988
756:
754:
748:
742:
740:
735:
729:
723:
717:
711:
709:
705:
702:
700:
697:
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693:
690:
688:
682:
676:
674:
669:
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645:
643:
639:
636:
634:
628:
622:
620:
615:
609:
603:
597:
591:
589:
585:
583:22 July 1987
582:
580:
577:
576:
573:
570:
568:
562:
556:
554:
549:
543:
537:
531:
525:
523:
519:
517:30 July 1987
516:
514:
508:
502:
496:
490:
488:
484:
481:
479:
476:
475:
471:
468:
466:
463:
461:
458:
456:
453:
452:
448:
445:
442:
439:
436:
433:
430:
429:
414:Space Station
406:
399:
396:
394:
391:
388:
385:
383:
380:
378:
375:
374:
373:
364:
356:
342:
339:
329:
320:
318:
314:
299:
296:
293:
283:
281:
276:
274:
270:
266:
260:
254:
248:
239:
235:
225:
222:
219:
215:
212:
209:
205:
200:
196:
192:
188:
185:
181:
177:
174:
172:Maiden launch
170:
166:
162:
158:
154:
149:
145:
141:
137:
134:
130:
126:
123:
120:
116:
111:
107:
103:
99:
95:
91:
87:
83:
80:
76:
73:
69:
66:
62:
58:
55:
52:
48:
44:
35:
30:
22:
6129:
6117:
6085:
6069:
6053:Zond (7K-L1)
6049:
6016:Apollo–Soyuz
5806:
5795:Later series
5786:Soyuz 7K-MF6
5766:Soyuz 7K-OKS
5751:Soyuz 7K-LOK
5620:
5614:
5610:
4974:
4816:Apollo–Soyuz
4574:Soyuz 7K-OKS
4548:Soyuz 7K-LOK
4523:Soyuz 7K-L1E
4510:
4503:
4159:
4139:sma.nasa.gov
4138:
4125:
4116:
4093:
4084:
4075:
4051:the original
4038:
4027:the original
4018:
4011:
4002:
3992:
3947:
3723:
3664:
3645:Yuri Baturin
3617:
3582:Yuri Baturin
3554:
3509:Expedition 1
3507:
3456:
3421:
3389:
3358:
3338:
3307:
3275:
3256:
3249:Yuri Baturin
3236:
3205:
3186:Yuri Baturin
3173:
3142:
3122:
3091:
3059:
3028:
2993:
2946:
2926:
2895:
2863:
2832:
2812:
2781:
2749:
2746:Yury Usachov
2718:
2711:Yury Usachov
2683:
2648:
2617:
2594:
2563:
2516:
2469:
2410:
2387:
2356:
2321:
2290:
2255:
2252:1 July 1994
2236:Yury Usachov
2208:
2205:9 July 1994
2189:Yury Usachov
2161:
2114:
2094:
2063:
2060:1 July 1993
2031:
2000:
1965:
1918:
1898:
1867:
1835:
1804:
1784:
1753:
1717:
1686:
1654:
1635:
1591:
1572:
1551:Project Juno
1549:
1518:
1515:18 May 1991
1485:Project Juno
1483:
1480:Musa Manarov
1452:
1449:26 May 1991
1432:
1429:Musa Manarov
1401:
1369:
1338:
1303:
1256:
1221:
1174:
1139:
1080:
1057:
1026:
991:
988:Musa Manarov
960:
913:
866:
819:
816:7 June 1988
760:
737:
734:Musa Manarov
706:
671:
640:
617:
586:
551:
520:
485:
464:30 May 1986
459:21 May 1986
443:Landed Crew
437:Launch Crew
403:
370:
361:
335:
326:
310:
297:
289:
277:
233:
231:
207:Derived from
88:Carry three
85:Applications
50:Manufacturer
6029:Shuttle-Mir
5860:Progress-MS
5855:Progress-M2
5850:Progress-M1
5817:Soyuz TMA-M
5781:Soyuz 7K-TM
5756:Soyuz 7K-TK
5746:Soyuz 7K-L1
5741:Soyuz 7K-OK
5716:Soyuz 7K-TK
5613:instead of
5410:Soyuz MS-01
5289:(2010–2016)
5287:Soyuz-TMA-M
5172:Soyuz TMA-1
5165:(2002–2012)
4977:(1986–2002)
4873:Kosmos 1001
4866:(1978–1986)
4835:(1974–1976)
4788:(1974–1976)
4786:Soyuz 7K-TM
4602:(1972–1981)
4550:(1971–1972)
4525:(1969–1970)
4413:(1967–1970)
4411:Soyuz 7K-L1
4304:(1966–1970)
4302:Soyuz 7K-OK
4235:Main topics
3815:Soyuz TM-34
3767:5 May 2002
3716:Soyuz TM-33
3657:Dennis Tito
3610:Soyuz TM-32
3594:Dennis Tito
3551:6 May 2001
3500:Soyuz TM-31
3414:Soyuz TM-30
3300:Soyuz TM-29
3198:Soyuz TM-28
3084:Soyuz TM-27
2986:Soyuz TM-26
2888:Soyuz TM-25
2774:Soyuz TM-24
2676:Soyuz TM-23
2556:Soyuz TM-22
2462:Soyuz TM-21
2403:Ulf Merbold
2349:Soyuz TM-20
2337:Ulf Merbold
2248:Soyuz TM-19
2154:Soyuz TM-18
2056:Soyuz TM-17
1958:Soyuz TM-16
1860:Soyuz TM-15
1746:Soyuz TM-14
1628:Soyuz TM-13
1511:Soyuz TM-12
1394:Soyuz TM-11
1296:Soyuz TM-10
1059:Mir Aragatz
993:Mir Aragatz
382:NPO-Energia
280:Soyuz TM-34
217:Derivatives
187:Soyuz TM-34
183:Last launch
128:Design life
21:Soyuz 7K-TM
6179:Categories
6118:Capsules:
5845:Progress-M
5771:Soyuz 7K-T
5480:(uncrewed)
4988:(uncrewed)
4984:Soyuz TM-1
4888:(uncrewed)
4842:Kosmos 670
4833:Soyuz 7K-S
4795:Kosmos 638
4670:(uncrewed)
4634:Kosmos 656
4624:Kosmos 613
4609:Kosmos 496
4600:Soyuz 7K-T
4538:Kosmos 382
4437:Zond 1967A
4426:Kosmos 146
4366:(uncrewed)
4337:Kosmos 186
4326:Kosmos 140
4321:(uncrewed)
4311:Kosmos 133
4117:energia.ru
3984:References
3351:Ivan Bella
3288:Ivan Bella
2650:Euromir 95
2596:Euromir 95
2389:Euromir 94
2323:Euromir 94
1214:Soyuz TM-9
1132:Soyuz TM-8
1019:Soyuz TM-7
906:Soyuz TM-6
812:Soyuz TM-5
699:Soyuz TM-4
579:Soyuz TM-3
478:Soyuz TM-2
455:Soyuz TM-1
397:Physicians
290:After the
286:Background
176:Soyuz TM-1
151:Production
90:cosmonauts
6043:Cancelled
5812:Soyuz TMA
5734:7K series
5706:Soyuz PPK
5691:Soyuz 11K
5163:Soyuz-TMA
4884:Soyuz T-1
4262:Site 31/6
3899:198 days
3807:195 days
3708:185 days
3598:186 days
3458:Mir EO-28
3423:Mir EO-28
3406:188 days
3360:Mir EO-27
3309:Mir EO-27
3292:198 days
3258:Mir EO-26
3207:Mir EO-26
3190:207 days
3144:Mir EO-25
3093:Mir EO-25
3076:197 days
3030:Mir EO-24
2995:Mir EO-24
2978:184 days
2948:Mir EO-23
2897:Mir EO-23
2880:196 days
2834:Mir EO-22
2783:Mir EO-22
2766:193 days
2720:Mir EO-21
2685:Mir EO-21
2668:179 days
2619:Mir EO-20
2565:Mir EO-20
2548:181 days
2518:Mir EO-19
2471:Mir EO-18
2454:169 days
2412:Mir EO-17
2358:Mir EO-17
2341:125 days
2292:Mir EO-16
2257:Mir EO-16
2240:182 days
2210:Mir EO-15
2163:Mir EO-15
2146:196 days
2116:Mir EO-14
2065:Mir EO-14
2048:179 days
2002:Mir EO-13
1967:Mir EO-13
1950:188 days
1920:Mir EO-12
1869:Mir EO-12
1852:145 days
1806:Mir EO-11
1755:Mir EO-11
1734:175 days
1688:Mir EO-10
1637:Mir EO-10
1620:144 days
1503:175 days
1433:Reporter:
1386:130 days
1370:Reporter:
1288:179 days
1206:166 days
1124:151 days
1011:114 days
804:178 days
739:Mir LII-1
691:160 days
673:Mir LII-1
571:174 days
446:Duration
247:romanized
221:Soyuz-TMA
6032:(joint)
6019:(joint)
5950:(joint)
5832:Progress
5822:Soyuz MS
5807:Soyuz-TM
5696:Soyuz-VI
5686:Soyuz 9K
5681:Soyuz 7K
5401:Soyuz MS
4975:Soyuz-TM
4805:Soyuz 16
4639:Soyuz 14
4629:Soyuz 13
4619:Soyuz 12
4583:Soyuz 10
4482:Zond-M 1
4257:Site 1/5
4003:nasa.gov
3725:ISS EP-2
3666:ISS EP-2
3619:ISS EP-1
3556:ISS EP-1
3488:72 days
1574:Mir EO-9
1520:Mir EO-9
1454:Mir EO-8
1403:Mir EO-8
1340:Mir EO-7
1305:Mir EO-7
1258:Mir EO-6
1223:Mir EO-6
1176:Mir EO-5
1141:Mir EO-5
1082:Mir EO-4
1028:Mir EO-4
962:Mir EO-3
915:Mir EP-3
898:91 days
868:Mir EP-3
821:Mir EP-2
762:Mir EP-2
708:Mir EO-3
642:Mir EO-2
619:Mir EO-2
588:Mir EP-1
553:Mir EO-2
522:Mir EP-1
487:Mir EO-2
449:Summary
431:Mission
400:Baikonur
350:Training
234:Soyuz TM
164:Launched
100:and back
71:Operator
27:Soyuz-TM
6142:Related
6093:Energia
5994:Voskhod
5927:Russian
5802:Soyuz-T
5711:Soyuz R
5701:Soyuz P
5621:Italics
5391:TMA-20M
5386:TMA-19M
5381:TMA-18M
5376:TMA-17M
5371:TMA-16M
5366:TMA-15M
5361:TMA-14M
5356:TMA-13M
5351:TMA-12M
5346:TMA-11M
5341:TMA-10M
5336:TMA-09M
5331:TMA-08M
5326:TMA-07M
5321:TMA-06M
5316:TMA-05M
5311:TMA-04M
5306:TMA-03M
5301:TMA-02M
4864:Soyuz-T
4362:Soyuz 2
4331:Soyuz 1
4094:gctc.ru
3908:Gallery
1655:Others:
1592:Others:
469:9 days
440:Landed
434:Launch
419:Landing
338:KTDU-80
261:
249::
238:Russian
211:Soyuz-T
133:station
54:Korolev
6121:Zvezda
6105:Kliper
6089:Spiral
6077:Aelita
6065:Zvezda
6061:LK-700
6050:Moon:
5999:Salyut
5989:Vostok
5935:Active
5923:Soviet
5876:Aelita
5611:Kosmos
5531:
5522:
5478:
5277:TMA-22
5272:TMA-21
5267:TMA-20
5262:TMA-19
5257:TMA-18
5252:TMA-17
5247:TMA-16
5242:TMA-15
5237:TMA-14
5232:TMA-13
5227:TMA-12
5222:TMA-11
5217:TMA-10
4986:
4886:
4812:
4744:
4729:
4668:
4576:(1971)
4494:Zond 7
4449:Zond 4
4364:
3893:
3881:
3869:
3853:
3841:
3829:
3801:
3789:
3777:
3761:
3749:
3737:
3702:
3690:
3678:
3655:
3643:
3631:
3592:
3580:
3568:
3545:
3533:
3521:
3482:
3470:
3447:
3435:
3400:
3390:Other:
3384:
3372:
3349:
3339:Other:
3333:
3321:
3286:
3276:Other:
3270:
3247:
3237:Other:
3231:
3219:
3184:
3174:Other:
3168:
3156:
3133:
3123:Other:
3117:
3105:
3070:
3060:Other:
3054:
3042:
3019:
3007:
2972:
2960:
2937:
2927:Other:
2921:
2909:
2874:
2864:Other:
2858:
2846:
2823:
2813:Other:
2807:
2795:
2760:
2750:Other:
2744:
2732:
2709:
2697:
2662:
2643:
2631:
2608:
2589:
2577:
2542:
2530:
2507:
2495:
2483:
2448:
2436:
2424:
2401:
2382:
2370:
2335:
2316:
2304:
2281:
2269:
2234:
2222:
2199:
2187:
2175:
2140:
2128:
2105:
2095:Other:
2089:
2077:
2042:
2032:Other:
2026:
2014:
1991:
1979:
1944:
1932:
1909:
1899:Other:
1893:
1881:
1846:
1836:Other:
1830:
1818:
1795:
1785:Other:
1779:
1767:
1728:
1718:Other:
1712:
1700:
1677:
1665:
1649:
1614:
1602:
1586:
1563:
1544:
1532:
1497:
1478:
1466:
1443:
1427:
1415:
1380:
1364:
1352:
1329:
1317:
1282:
1270:
1247:
1235:
1200:
1188:
1165:
1153:
1118:
1106:
1094:
1071:
1052:
1040:
1005:
986:
974:
951:
939:
927:
892:
880:
857:
845:
833:
798:
786:
774:
751:
732:
720:
685:
666:
654:
631:
612:
600:
565:
546:
534:
511:
499:
409:Launch
189:, 2002
178:, 1986
156:Status
118:Regime
65:Russia
6133:OPSEK
6125:Zarya
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6057:N1-L3
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